ix&F*
wM0mkg
PERKINS LIBRARY
Duke University
Kare Doolcs
pmmmm
GIVEN BY HIS DAUGHTER
MRS R. DWIGHT WARE
DATE_
L^a in 14 3 I
n8
ij
E
If
V. Y. COOK,
NOT LOANABLE
(
INDEX f
Confederate Veteran
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF
CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND KINDRED TOPICS
VOLUME XXIV .
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, FOUNDER
Nashville, Tenn.
1916
INDEX— VOLUME XXIV.
V
ARTICLES.
Abolition of Slavery Started in the South 570
Active Service and Prison 186
Active Service of a Texas Command 69
Aftermath of Prison Life at Chester, Pa 2
Alabama (North) in the War 208
Alabama — Relation of the State to the Birth of the South-
ern Confederacy 201
Alabama, Women of, in War Times :
Alabama's Poet-Priest 218
Arlington Confederate Monument 3
Annual Address by Historian Texas Division U. C. V 669
Ashburton Treaty, Important Features of the 64
a Near Tragedy E l
A Reminiscence 284
\ Ti ibute i
"Banks, Mr. Commissary" 196
Battle of Chancellorsvlllt — Two Viewpoints
Battle of ChaustlnolU 122
Battle of Dingle's Mill 649
Battle of Franklin, Missourians in 101
Battl ! Hampton Roads ,31
Battle of Oak Hills, Mo 72, 187
Battle "i I llustee
Battle of Perryvllle 664
r.iUtlc of Prairie li 16
Beauregard Monument In New Orleans.... .... 6
Behind the Firing Line 369
Bentonville, Eighth Texas Cavalry at 184
Big-Hearted Priest, A I
Birth of e Nation, The 141, 287
Black Shadow of the Slxtle?, The 368, 101
Boston Pasi and Present is i
Box In the Camp of Lee, A
r.o\ Scouts al Birmingham, The 299
Boy Soldier of Alabama, A 267
"Brave Words, My Master's" t::.".
Brownlee, Easter 476
Buffalo, Whal Was a l in
Bullets Used In the Civil War
Campaigns of I and Sherman 357
Camp Beauregard 18!
Camp Life In the Sixties 394
Captured al Trevilian Station 128
Captured Flags, Col. Hugh Garland I
Captured Flags Sought 21
Captured Guns al Lone .lack 184
Capture of the Fori al New Creek 269
Capture of Plymouth, N. C 200
Carnes' Battery, Monument to 140
Carpetbagger's View of the Ku Kln.v Klan 308,
.iliies of the Eleventh Mississippi Regiment at Get-
tysburg 410
I ilii.s — The Fourth Mississippi at Franklin 16
Causes of War between the States 474, 567
Characteristics of a Great Commander 235
Charleston Light Dragoons 53S
Chickamauga, Slate .Monuments, etc 90
Cockrell, Gen. V. M 101
■ oei, ion in 1861, Sudden Change in Northern Sentiment
as to (Hi
ih rate- Generals Born in the North 100, 148. 339, 445
Confederate Government, Organization of the 427
Confederate Homes 570
Confederate Homes of Texas 4S9
Confederate Mothers — A Centenarian 89
Confederate Soldier, The 297, 460
Confederate Story of Irish Wit 77
Confederate Woman's Home of North Carolina 53
Cons] u: i ..ii ^( Valor 25
Conspiracv Which Brought on War 436
1820
Cook, Mrs. V. V 424
Cotton Tax of the Sixties, The 391
Cunningham Memorial S. 148, 293. 4SI
Daly, Denis. Who Knew? 41
Davis, Jefferson — Gentleman. Patriot, christian 24S
I 'a\ is, Jeff. Artillery at Bloody Angle 222
on of the Slave 52
I dekinson, Mrs. L. T 47r.
1 lldn't Want to Miss a Battle 29
l 'liferent Point of View in Cattle 660
i dsintegration ol i Irray 668
B Golden Wedding 52 1
Dowling, Ret W. 11 623
Duke. Tribute to Gen. Basil 483, 486
EdltorlS • B, 51 292,340,388,438,484
Eighth Texas Cavalry at Bentonville 184
Evacuation Of Richmond 166
Ewell, Gen. i: s 64
nge of Prisoners 7 1
ive Bullets is;.
and ran. les 26o
Failure of the Confederacy — Was It a Blessing?. . .66, 112, 16a
Faithful Servant — Easter Brownlee 1 7 f.
Feats of Valor 25
in Virginia Army
first Troops to Relnllst tot thi War l!<3. 291
First V cy
Dollar Gold i 76
of the Confederacy 191
i. Where Surrendered 523
t's Cavalry, Last Review of 307
Four Tears oi Wat In Brlel 444
In, Thi Other Side at 13
Franklin, Fourth Mi I 16
Fresh Soldiers .".14
1 ol. Hugh
German Southern Patriot
burg, Eleventh Mississippi at.
Gist Article Commended
Glassell, Lt. William T
Golden Wedding, A Double
Government Belief for Confedei
Green. General, Where Killed
ii Roads Conference, Truth of the 249.
Hardee's Son. General
Hilton, Mrs. S. K
Hickman's Brigade, who Captured
Hidden Waj to Dixie
Hill at Chickamauga, Gen. D. H
Historical Records, Unique
Hood, Lt. Gen. John B
Brigade and the "Bucktails"
I lonor Roll
Impressions on a Firsl Visit to the White House of the
Confederacy
Imprisonment of Sidney Lanier
in Christian Charity
he idi ms of Service with the Charleston Light Dragoons.
Indian Tribes in the Confederacy
[ndispensables, The
Influence of the South in the Formation of Our Govern-
ment
661
lie
1 10
108
392
2 8 3
2!i
19 i
117
257
73
I 12
668
388
Jackson at Second Manassas, With...
Jackson in West Virginia, Stonewall.
.1 1 1. H. Association
Jonas. Ma.i. S. A
ii
91
23
Qo^federat^ Veterai?
145
:: ii
12
200
167
: : tecord Straight
Kindlj
ii lla
Ku Klux Klan
Kn Klux Klan. AC er's View
Ku Klu\ Klan, Judge Tourgee and the 164
Lanier, Sidney, Imprisonment of
I..isi i ederacy, In the
Last Review of Forn airy SO?
re! Hill Reti 61 169
. The 7
Lee's Confidential Letters and Dispatches 43
\V. B 61
Lightening the G on Life 555
Little Things in History 168
mindly of a Federal Picket
Marr, ' ' '
Maryland Boj in thi ixmy 312,
Mi mortal Da i p < ' i
Military Operations of the Lower Trans-Mississippi De-
partmi nt, 1863-186 I
ourians in Battle at Franklin
•'Mr. Commissary Banks"
Mobile In the War between the States
Mobili . Tl - ' lid Citj of
ment to I lames Battery
Monument to Composer of "Dixie Land"
from Prison
Multiplying Confederate Troop-
Mystery of the South
341
188
361
348
5 4 5
101
496
209
236
140
52
449
100
330
Of Fifty V. ,. m 436, 502
Xoble Women of the South 283
North Alabama in the War 208
Northern Conscience and the War 486
Northern Sentiment as to Coercion in 1861 4 4 6
ilina's War Governor in Statuary Hall 442
. The 87
"Old Jerry" 125. 265
i Ned" 12
Ization of Confederate Government 427
Other Side al Franklin 15
our Dixie Land 188
Our Gallant Dead— Capt. William Haymond Taylor 559
Our Last Mei ting: 570
Our Veteran Helpers 236
Recoil 554
Pinckni , i p Thomas 342
Polk al Chickai Gen. Leonidas 17
Pot ■ 167
Pre i ntation of Testaments to Zollicoffer Guards 9
Prichard, Capt. William B 9
Ratifying utlon 439
ctions of Perryville 554
in,. uis in, the War 193, 291, 3S9, 399
Reunited Country, This 264, 136
Oi Si ci ion, The 552
Running the Blockade 392
Km, g the Mi :■ ' i 1 1 Blockade - 7
Second Battli befon Richmond -j r. ft
Siliiia and Dal la County, Ala 214
Semmes, Raphael 374
Sherman in Wai 295
Shiloh Monument Fund 40, 62, 137, 372, 387, 518
on, Lewis E 18G
Soldier Life in the Confederate Army 1:0
Soldier of War and Peace 523
Sons of .Maryland is 5
South, The :;\3
South in tli, Ion of Our Government. The I'.i7
South's Dearest Memory Is Her Heroes, The 86
Spirit of True Soldiers 91
Spring Hill and Franklin Again 13S
pedlng the Bloody Last Tennessee Cavalry 88
State Monuments, Markers, etc., at Chickamauga 90
Stone Mountain Memorial. The 149
Story of a Five-Dollar Gold Piece 7i".
jih of the i Confederacy 57
Sumter Runs the Mississippi Blockade. The 502
[cal i 'pi ration Uniquely Performed 427
or, Capt. William Haymond
Taylor. Col. W. H
I egraph in Warfare. The :
Thirty Days' Scout on the Potomac in '62, A.
Tillman Bill in Congress, The
Tillman, Col. James D
Tompkins, Capt. Sallie
Treasurer of the Confederate Government....
Troops Enlisted in 1S61 for the War
True to Country and Himself
Truss, Maj. James D
Truth Crushed to Earth
Truth I s Mighty
Truth of History
Truth Stranger than Fiction
Tyler, John — Son of Virginia
.292.
234
506
457
8
440
521
150
389
488
263
388
266
3 40
47G
4
Unique Historical Records 117
U. C. V., Commander Army of Tennessee Department 57
First Order of New Commander 343
General Orders No. 35 99
Historical Committee 531
Kentucky Confederates in Reunion 524
Me sage to President Wilson 243
Orphan Brigade Reunion 389
Patriotic Action by Confederate Veterans 243
Reunion Committees, Birmingham 147
Reunion at Birmingham, The 244, 3 40
Reunion in Washington 437
Union of Confederate Organizations 531
"Veterans First" 191
Western Brigade' Missouri Division 284
U. D. C. Dept.36, 58, 104, 152, 228, 276, 300, 370, 420, 468, 516, 532
Convention in Dallas 532
Committee on Investigation, Report of 536
C. S. M. A.. 40, 63, 111, 156, 232, 282, 326, 375, 423, 472, 520, 56X
S. C. V 84, 134, 186, 324, 376, 426, 474, 522, 566
Vance, Gov. Zebulon B 442
Virginia Monument at Gettysburg 7
Wayside Hospital, A
What the South Is Doing for Her Veterans.
Wheeler's Raid into Tennessee
When General Green Was Killed
339
390
10
408
When I Was Wounded 407
Where Forrest Surrendered 523
Who Captured Hickman's Brigade? 29
Who Knew Denis Daly or Charles Lewis 41
Within the Enemy's Lines ' 508
Women of Alabama in the War 225
Wonderful Ride, A 28
Works Bill in Congress, The 90 ,
Wyeth, Dr. John A.
Zollicoffer Guards . .
267
POEMS.
A Fragment
All the White . . .
A Prayer
Asleep
A Southern Hero
■,,,-,
i::
559
30
531
A Southern Rose 267
Birthdays of Lee and Jackson 51
Confederate Memorial Day 283 ]
Christmas 529
Death of Stonewall Jackson 461
Dixie 146
Dixie Our Own 459
Flag of Their Glory 64
Qor?federat^ l/eterap.
Flowers on Confederate Graves
If a Soldier Meet a Soldier
In Memory of My Brother
Jefferson Davis
Lee
Lee's l:> torn to Gettysburg
Living and Dying
Marse Robert is Asleep
Me and Mammy
Memorial Flowers
Memorial Ode
My Flags
My Georgia
My Sweetheart's Face
My Southland
Out of the Ashes
Pro I'alria
Resurgam
Robert E. Lee
Sempi r Fldell -
Soul !i l !arolina
"The Brigade M\isl \ol Know, Sir"
The I '"lit"' deral i Note
The i lotton Boll and Star
The Gray Line
The Heroes Thai Might Have Been
The House of the Long Ago
The Hymn at Bermuda Hundred
The Martyrs of the South
Tii South
The Old-Time Nigger
The Passing of the Gray
The Shining ' ines
The Southland
The Vallej of Memory
The Whole Story
They Wore the Gray
Through the Valley
To a Mocking Bird
To Keep I 'id Memi n '.
To My Mother
Unveiling ihe Tyler Monument
was 1 1 Murder?
Woman's Part in War
19,
353
409
182
:, i i
137
[00
50S
3
256
247
266
267
4-.::
289
8G
161
:. i 6
24 I
488
1 is
126
485
141
816
298
231
6
337
ILLUSTRATIONS.
egard Monument In Nev Orleans 6
Birmingham— the Heart of the City 191
Birmingham— Roebuck Springs Golf and Country Club... 193
i i Home of Stonewall Jackson 491
Camp I i,l Monument. I
Confed rate Candle 218
Confederate Monument at Easton, Md 400
Confederate Museum at Richmond, Va 433
Confederate Steamer Gaines 216
Steamer Heroine
Confederate Ten-Dollar Bill 33
lerate woman's Home at FayettevUle, \. c 53
Commission Given to Col. J. t >. Tillman 140
Equestrian Statue of General Lee for Gettysburg umiu-
nt 100
Port Morgan and the Blockading Fleet 211
Fori Morgan after the Bombardment 213
H lives at Birmingham 22 ii
Grave ot Mrs. Dickinson In Confederate Cemetery at Chat-
tanooga
Inauguration of President Davis at Montgomery 203
Joint Resolution of Thanks by Confederate Congress..,
Ku Klu\ Banner 157
Last Flag of the Confederacy. 19S
rid Mammy 256
Memorial Gateway to Confederate «',,, Chatta-
nooga
Mllttarj Institute at Tuscaloosa, Ala 86
Ml i sippl Ku Klux 15S
Missouri Mai.is of Honor ai Birmingham 395
Monument at Brooksville, Fla 617
Monument to i »an Emmetl 52
Monument to Gen. John It. Morgan at Lexington, Ky 453
Mounted Ku Klux in Full Regalia 159
lags 247
Old 1 Iome of Gen. Adam P,. Johnson 48S
Past Co i s in Chief S. C. V. at Birmingham 377
Phllippl, W. Va.. Where the First Inland Battle of the War
Was FOUght 491
Scene on Journey to Jackson's Boyhood Home 492
Scene on Stage on Historical Evening — Dallas Convention
r D. C
Sponsor for the South 192
Stan- Capitol at Montgomery 206
Statue of Zcbulon B. Vance in the Capitol at Washington... 113
149
atlves at Birmingham L'L'7
The First Battle Flag 197
The Stars and Bars 196
The Veteran's Call 1S9
The Virginia I Merrimac i and Monitor 306
The VIl ginla i Merrimac) 801
Tyler Monument in Hollywood 4
Unveiling Floral Design at Base of Arlington Monument on
Memorial Pay 379
View of Monterey. Va 491
Views of Confederate Home al Austin 189
LAST ROLL.
■ i , John
All randi i , Robei t F r>r,3
■son. I.I. F. M 176
Ansley, B. T. Sr
i,i Fli i,i
Avery, Cap! A B
p1 w s
Ballentlne, Col. John G.
s
W A 13(1
, Randall n r.ci
burr i ■ ■ Jam 176
I'.lume. Frank L
c a i3:
Boli . w w Bl
Bond, Dr. John B 81
Boyd, Capt W. T 5H
Bradley, J. Folk !70
3 w 33
Brannan, Rev. P. F 180
es, C C 82
dhurst, ''apt. D. J. . . 512
Ms i s . w 512
Draper. W. T.
Duncan. Judge C. T. .
Purl, in. William J
rt C J 17 7
l.nl,, J 319
Eiffert. John Henry 176
Capt Thomas G. it:,
Elcan, Dr. A l 178
Elder. Thomas N 179
Elgin, Thomas A 364
Ely. Dr. Foster
law ii Henn C 365
Fields, Charles B 180
Fraalei Capt J . N 181
Fry. 1. other C 466
apt J n
Gait i " Francis L 181
Garm n Capt Jami - H . 316
Qeiger, William C 561
Bromley. John J 414 George, L A
Brooks, Mrs. N. F 467
Brooks. 11. P. D 33
Bryan, St (horse t. c... 275
Pull, ii I, Miss E M 416
Burdette. Dr. Geo. M 34
Pur. h. J. C 417
Fynum, Turner 564
pbell, Miss
A
tei \ k
Caulcy. William C
flier, James A
("In stunt. Sr., James
Chichester, Capt a m . . .
Clendennln, J. A
Collins. Dr. II. V
Collins. Joshua L
i lompton, Alex, H
( -,,111 a,i Ms mi Holmes . . .
John D
a. John M
("nsie, James b
Crook. Jerry S
Curd Edward
130
S3
562
369
176
IM
415
467
179
511
30
563
132
366
416
319
Davis. L. II 318
DeLashmutt, William G. . 180
Dlllard, George 419
Dillon, Capt. J. R 466
369
i . Dr. N. M 4 11
Gill, J. M 177
am, A. H 319
Col. J. Thomas. ... 271
Goodloe. Capt D. S 273
Goodman. Robert T 273
( ioi don. James H S12
Gordon, Capt. W. C 127
Gustlne, Samuel 167
Guyn, Robert X 177
Halbert, Lt. James C 80
M. P. 413
Hall, Mrs. R. M. C 174
Hanger, J. A 514
i lammer, MaJ. William c. 34
Hannan. E. II 870
Harden, II. C no
Harris, Capt. John
Harris, Henry G 821
Haughton, Capt. T. H. . . . 83
Hemming. Charles C 364
Henry. Capt II. W 271
Henry, Maj. Robert P.... 126
Herrell. James E 369
Hihbler, Talbot 317
Hillary. Thomas 27.">
Ilillsman. J. C 465
Hoekersmith. Capt. L. D. . 31
Holmes. Charles R 272
182023
Qor?federat^ l/eterai).
Holmes, Capt. Francis. . . 323
Hooper, Rev. T. W S3
House, J. S 177
Houston, Robert V 35
Howell, Capt R. P 419
Hudnall, William A
Hunter, Maj. K. W 271
llutchenson, Lt. B. H. . . . SO
Hyneman, D. J
Jenkins. S. G
Jett, Thomas W
Johnson. W. H
Johnston. Capt. J. Payne.
Johnston, Capt. John Y . . .
Johnston, W. G
Jones. Capt. George M. . .
Joplln, James B
Kean, William
K. Miner. Capt. W. N. .
Kidd, Frank Marker.
King. B. F
Kly... Capt. II. C...
Langford, W. B
Lark; Rev. A. H
Lasker, Morris
Lee, R. B. Carl
Leeper. John W
Llttlejohn, N. B
Livingston, Archibald
Ins, William E. . .
Lollar, D. F
Lunsford, T. A
Malloy, Then. F
Ai:i rquls, Theodore
.Martin, F. M
1 i on, James G
Mayes, p. V
MacKenzie, John Malcolm.
MeBroom, Judge James W.
McClintic, John II. . .
McConnell, Alexander
McCaughan, Thomas J
MeCurdy. W. A. . .
McFerrin. John H .
McGann, Capt. James
McGrew. Capt. John C.
Mcintosh, w. D..
McLane, James P.
McLaurine, George T.
McLean, William II
McMath, J. S
Mi reer, John P.
Miller, Houston H.
Mills, Seth P
Moat, O. J
Moncure. Mr. W. I'.
.Mi. nis. Mrs. S. W. E
Morrison, George J
Moseley, Dr. E. B. .
Newman, L. C. ...
Newman. II. M. ...
Newson, Mrs. E. C .
Norton, Capt. George C
34
560
.-,13
117
317
35
462
7!i
177
171
S3
IS"
272
319
SI
11 1
464
323
32
132
5 1 :,
271
131
79
132
132
463
1S1
5 1 ( i
514
513
565
413
31
S2
ITS
274
12S
ISO
560
511
463
322
32
79
12S
131
366
416
365
562
SO
Obenchain, Maj. William A. 515
O'Brien, Robert
Old, Rev. James Y. .
Olds, Mrs. D. D. . . .
Oppenheimer. Daniel
Orr, Capt. John
Orr, Carson R
Orr, Carson T
Overby, Basil E . . . .
Paddison, Maj. R. P
Peacock, Capt. G. W
Pittman, Marcus D. L
180
562
467
561
36S
415
563
365
17S
562
417
Pinckney. Capt. Thomas
Pollock, Jai
n W. H.
Price, J. C
Price. L. C
In, well. Capt. J. W
Pulllam, Maj, T. J.
Rabb, Sr., V. S.
Ramsey, Col. h a
Randle, Prof. E. n
Rasin, Capt w. I.
Redd, Capt I ». F. .
Richard O..
. odi s, Robert J. .
Richards, Col. W. C,
Richardson, Rev. E. I:
Richardson, R. N. . . .
i tobi lis, Duncan ....
Roberts, John T....
Rochi He. M. P.
Russell, Henry A. . . .
Rutland, Moses H...
Ryan, M. A
Saussy. George W . . .
Sayre, Mrs. M. B. . . .
Scanland, Mai. W. fl.
Si Ott, Mis. M. E. W.
Shannahan, John II. K
Shannon, Dr. James H
Shelton. Marion ....
Shield. Capt. John H
Shirley, Maj. C
Sienknecht, Dr. Henry
Snell, John A
Spears, William B. .
Spillman, Prof. W. .1
Sprott, Judge S. H. .
Stalnaker, A. C
Stephenson, P. D . . .
Story, John W
Strause, Capt. D. B.
Strider, Isaac H
Stuart, John B
Sutpin, Samuel C. . .
Sykes, James F. . . .
Taliaferro, Maj. C. C
Tarpley, William G
Tavenner. Jos. E. .
Taylor. Col. Walter
Terrill, Capt. A. P.
Thompson, G. W. .
Thompson. Judge J.
Tilly, Daniel G. . . .
Trosper, J. M
Trussell. Mrs. V. G
Tubb, Nicholas . . .
Turner, James A. .
Turner, James D. .
II
Uhl, Thomas
Van Meter. William
Vesey, Thomas B. .
Walling. I. C
Waren. Capt. J. C.
Watson, Mrs. A. B.
Weaver, Robert P.
Wheeler. W. W.
Wlii taker. W. B
Willson, Judge J.
Wilson, John . .
Wirt, Capt. G. I
Witt. John II. . . .
Wood, Alexander
Woodward. John
Young, G. Whit.
Young. John C . .
W,
Deaths i.\- Camps.
17'.'
369
467
131
US
4 1.',
;: i
271
560
166
17S
463
269
412
320
419
317
129
56
464
132
.711
510
31S
563
367
414
564
465
565
321
41S
32
33
562
466
S2
274
36S
79
131
12S
419
564
174
1S1
513
174
414
271
126
561
366
323
564
320
269
179
176
565
272
129
270
SI
32
464
462
35
175
465
78
82
515
273
Camp at Bernice. La S2
Camp at Carrollton, Miss. 416
' '.111111 i.i Charleston, W. \'a. 127
. Camp. . 413
lump nt Jacksonville, Tex. 82
Camp Lomax, Montgom-
ery. Ala 129
Camp at Louisville, Miss. SI
Camp at Victoria, Tex. . . 563
i lamp l labell, Vei non, Tex. 162
p Stuart, Terrell, Tex. 1S1
Chickasaw Camp. Houlka,
Miss 272
Comrades at Middleton,
Tenn 416
Confederate Association oi
Savannah. Ga
Confederate Dead at Pu-
laski, Tenn h;::
A. S. Johnston Camp,
Baird, Tex 270
Howdy Martin Camp U.
C. A' 1 7 r.
James Newton Camp, El-
dorado, Ark 465
McElhany Camp. Pulaski,
Va 1>^1
Veterans of Tuscaloosa
County, Ala 166
PORTRAITS.
Arrow-smith. Capt. Field.. 367
Ealdwin. Ernest G...131.
Ballentine, Col. John G...
Beasley, Col. W. F
Beckley, J. S
Berry. R. D
Blackwell, Miss Gladys...
Boyd, Capt. W. T
Bradley. J. Polk
Bradwell, I. G
Branham, J. W
Broadhurst, Capt. D. J...
Bronough, W. C
Brooks, Mrs. N. F
Brown, W. C
Brownlee, Easter
Buchanan, "Uncle" Ned..
Buie. D. A. and D. C
Burdett, Dr. G. M
:;2i
268
322
561
395
514
270
20
33
512
2S4
407
236
476
42
524
34
Cameron, William L 236
Cary, M. D 135
Cockrell, Gen. F. M 97
Conrad. Maj. Holmes.... 30
Cook, Mrs. V. Y 124
Craig, Miss Nellie 227
Crawford, Miss Elizabeth
F 227
Curd, Edward 319
Curtis, Sr.. Finley P 353
Daniel, Lee S 506
Davis. Jefferson 248
Dickson, Miss Irene 325
Donegan, Maj. S. W 512
Dowling, Rev. H. W 523
Du Bose, John W 201
Duke, Gen. B. W 4S5
Dungan, Joseph H. and
Mattie 329
Elmore, Edward C 150
Ew-ing, Maj. E. W. R.136, 522
Faris. Mrs. Charles B 276
Forsyth, Miss Mary 408
Franklin, Mrs. H. M 535
Fravel, F. R 187
Garnett, Capt. J. M 316
Goodloe, Capt. D. S 273
Gordon, Capt. W. C 127
Gregory, Miss Jane 85
Hanger, J. A 514
Hardee, Gen. William J.. 214
Harris, H. G 321
Harrison, Gen. Geo. P. 57, 241
Hemming. Charles C. .
Henderson. Mrs. Carrie
Henry, Maj. Robert R
Hibbler, Talbot . . .
Hillary, Thomas . .
Hinton. Carl
Holmes, Capt. Francis
Hood, Gen. John B
Hooper, Gen. Charles W
Houchin. Miss Myrene
House, J. S
Houston, R. V
Hudnall, W. A
Hyneman, D. J
Jenkins, S. G
Johnson, W. H
Johnston. Capt. J. P.
Johnston. Capt. John
Jonas, Maj. S. A . . . .
Kenner, Capt. W. N.
Kernan, Miss Gladys
King. B. F
Lark, Rev. A. H
Leeper, John W
Livingston, Archibald
Lunsford, T. A
Luther. Martin D. . . .
II
Hatton, Mrs. S. K
Haughton, Capt. T. H. . .
2S3
83
Mac-key, Capt. John A
McCann, J. L
McClintic, John II. . .
McFerrin, John H. . .
McLane, James P....
McNeilly, Rev. James
MeSherry, Mrs. V. F.
Metts, James I
Mills, S. P
Moat, O. J
Moffatt, Miss Elsie..
Morgan. Gen. John H
Morrison, George J...
Morton, Mrs. E. S . . .
Mosely, Dr. E. B
Newson, Mrs. E. G. .
Norton, Capt. G. C . .
Odenheimer, Mrs. C. P
Olds, Mrs. D. D
Osborne, Miss Kate . .
Overby, Basil Earle..
Overman, Miss Grace
Paddison, Maj. R. P
Pelham, John
Pinckney, Capt. Thomas
Pittman, M. D. L. .
Pollock. J. D
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
Porter. John W. H 36!)
Preston, Mrs. Julia Jack-
son Christian 226
Prichard, Capt. William B. 9
Purlfoy, John 223
Quinn. Daniel 2S5
Reagan, John II 255
Reed, R. O
Richards, Col. W. C.
463
412
Rhodi s. Robert J
Roux, Mrs. F. S 517
Russell. H. A
Rutherford, Miss Mildred. 510
Ryan, M. A 511
Scanland, Ma], W. H.... 503
Semmes, Admiral Raphael 503
Slenknecht, Dr. Henry. HI
Simpson, Lewis E 186
Singer, Mrs. Louise M. . . . 89
Shields, Capt. John n
Shirley, Mai. C 12]
Smith. Miss Callle Hi
Smith, Mrs. II. Q .".::
Smith. Mrs. Mil 59
Stephens, Alex l'."."
Story, John W 868
Stuart, John B
Sumpter, Mrs. Charles W
Tarpley, W. P 181
Taylor, Col- Waltei II 234
Thompson, G. W 271
Thompson Mi M. S. . .
Tillman. Col. .1. D 440, 111
Tompkins. Miss Sallie. . .
Tubb, Nicholas 58 1
Turner. James A
Tyler. President John. ... 1
Chi, Thomas 17!'
Walker, Miss Ann,- 1 220
Walthall, Henry R
Watson, Mrs a. B
w hei ler, W. W
Whiting, Gen, J. W 212
Wilis, ,n. Judge J A. ..
Wirt, Capt, G. 1 17:.
78
rancey, William L 204
Young, Bennett . .
\- oung, i; W
AFTH »RS
Allen, 11 I' - 330
Barclay, 1 tugh G 131
243,
531
Barnwell, Jos. W. . . .
Beale, Mrs. c. P
311
Bean, R. T
i ;. .i i .i Capt. Richard
76
Blai 1 mill. Ma.i. T 11
.
ne, R, Q
101
Bi idfield, .1 ')
Bradwell, 1 G
20
i iroughton, John W . .
200
Butler, Mrs. L. W S
Callaway, James ....
558
Capers, t !ol. Hi
Carmack, Edward . .
3S5
Castleberry, D. B. . . .
Clayton, W. r
i 'i... i. j . Florence M .
897
Coleman, R. B
it
:; in
Copeland, J. E.
188
Cooke Re\ Gilt B
234
Cox, Ben 1, B
209
Crovi del . Calvin S. . .
294
i 'm\\ der i 'iii a I [umphrey
473
Cummlngs, C C.166,
294,
569
Curtis, Jr.. Finley P.
401
M. .1
Davis, W. II
I'M
di Li on, P. M
II T. .
I loyle, W. K
M. E. . . .
I Tummond, Robei t L
i ni B John w. . .
isll . . . .
193,
184
5 I t
1 18
Ah xandi t
Elmore, A. R 538
on, A J
in I .'. I
it. Lloyd T
Estabrook, Willie Huberl
h Harry Lynden
Ford, C. Y l«7
Fordyi e, Col. S. w
Fry, Mrs i.nna Q 210
I 'ulkerson, Thor i i
Fuller. Mi i li 01
■ lai land, W n
Garrison Ri G. C 7
Gibbons, J. 1: 13, 497
Gish, Gni' 64, 141
Gist, W. W. . .
Hag; P. S l«9, 545
Ha Hock. Charles 19-4
Hardaway, Mrs. T R. . .
Harrison, Gen. G. P. .344, 137
Harrison. James T 188
C. C
I I. nt. W. O -127
I [artman, Theo 557
Hayne, Paul Hamilton. .
Herbert, Col. H. A 437
Hen Ing, Marcus D
Hlbbler, Mrs. J. E
Houston, Mis. a. M 165
Hunt. Col. !'.. \V 184
Hunt ' J. T. . .267, 4."i7
.J. W ~.l
tr II 566
John, Samuel Will
K I. rniT. Capl S. E
Kern, Albert
Klmbrough, Mary H. S. .
erg, Mrs. E, W.
• r, John s is i
Y l: ■
Mir, Edith E, T
1 .111:1 W.
Lyne, Cassle Moncun
6, 11
ran \
hi Irdle Mary 86
■
don . .. 7
iy, W. K
.... 110
nl.'in.l. Jud
McKay, i.u'i i:
McKnlght, Ma
T . . . . 488
I
I 16
Ifleld, J K 651
408
Mlltoi . 187
Mm." Bei ■ ej 436
Mlteht II, Mrs I G 394
Montgomery, Judge W. '
Morton, Howard
in TO \ 69
■
i ne. Thomas D. . . .
H. T
Mrs. Marl B
Palmer, J. W 461
I'hilpot. G R 312, 301
l. \v. d is;
Polley, J. b 73
n W. II 460
Posey, Mrs. M. J 488
J. N 340
Susan Thornton... 315
Mrs. A. O'C
Purlfoy, John 222
I'.atchford. George
K. id. Walter E
ts. Frank S
Mrs. S. E. F 157
Ryan, Father 1S2. 213
Sanders, L. T 16
Saussy, Col. c N us
\l 214
Semrnes. Admiral
h B 185
rd. E 13S
Sharkey. Annie Laui li
77, 1
iy. Clay 570
Shipp, J. F
Simmons, J. W 29
Smith, Emma Frances 1
339
Smith, R. C 427
us, Flora E 262
ns, James A 476
rd D
Stiles. John C
11, 43. 62, 74. 1
117, 1GS. 200. 295. 389.
435. 496
St lawn. H. J 91
Sttingfleld. T. B. . .
■ter. J. X
Tack.
Taylor. Mis. F. L 521
ipt II. L 122
Thompson. Gen. M. Jeff.. 409
Thompson, Taylor
Tlmmons, Lula 120
Timrod, Henry 32:
P 208
Trowbridge, J. W
Tunnard, Will H
Turnley, G, L
Tyler, Lyon G 54
\Y:iil, s. L. A 359, 508
i Mrs. Mary Phi Inn
Webb, i:. W
1 D 208
Wei 'i "i 2r,fi
Wllklns, Mrs. J. R
w i J Hop 190
W I, Mrs. J. P 516
Wright, Rev. E. O
552
th, John A 231. 207
B. H
10. 56. 3 4
Toung, Robert 3 41
B/ffl *' ■.'.».
JOHN TYLER (1790-1862)
Tenth President of the United States
Qor?federat<£ l/eterai).
The book is worth far more than its price. ---Confederate Veteran
♦♦♦♦♦♦<
♦
* "Nowhere, even when facing the bitter X X "Lee's whole plan of campaign during
X certainty of final surrender, does he pen a X ♦ this period is more adequately outlined in
X querulous sentence, a word of complaint, X ♦ this correspondence than in the 'Official
X ♦ Records' or in any of Lee's biographies."
X a breath of censure for any one else.
►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<
►♦♦♦♦♦♦<
LEE'S
DISPATCHES
Unpublished Letters of
Gen. Robert E. Lee
C. S. A.
to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the
Confederate States of America, 1862-65
From the Private Collection of
WIMBERLEY JONES DE RENNE
of Wormsloe, Georgia
Edited, with an Introduction by DOUGLAS SOUTHALL FREEMAN
8vo. Portrait and Map. 465 Pages. S3. 75 net. By mail, S4. 00
Should "Stonewall" Jackson have assumed the offensive and invaded Pennsylvania after his famous valley
campaign? Should the charge of Pickett's division have been ordered? Who was responsible for the failure of
that bloody day? Was it safe to remove Johnston and to place Hood at the head of the army facing Sherman?
How soon was the true objective of Grant's famous "left flank" movement discovered by his great opponent?
Why did Lee order the costly assault on Fort Stedman ? These and many other questions — the most vital in the
military history of the war — are asked and answered by General Lee himself in this striking contribution to the
literature of the war.
"One of the literary surprises of the season comes in this
stout volume of 'Lee's Dispatches,' containing 200 letters and
telegrams sent from the lighting lines by General Lee to Jeffer-
son Davis or to the Confederate War Department in the years
1862-65. None of these dispatches has been published before,
even in the voluminous 'Official Records,' yet their authenticity
is unquestionable, as most of them are in General Lee's own
handwriting. The mystery of their wanderings or of their
hiding place in the intervening half a century still remains
partly unsolved. To North and South alike the years have
brought only increasing esteem for the personal nobility and
military powers of Robert E. Lee. While these newly found
letters are concerned almost wholly with the business problems
of the Southern Commander in Chief, they add still another
cubit to his moral stature." — New York Times.
"The most important documents of the history of the War
that have come to light in many years." — Boston Transcript.
"With the years, the fame of General Lee has increased.
Since the publication of the official records of the Union and
Confederate armies, his military genius has shone forth with
renewed brilliance. With every new authentic fact brought out
the character of the man appears greater, and his grasp of the
conditions under which he labored seems stronger. Every line
written by Lee was a lesson in war, and it becomes precious."
— Philadelphia Public Ledger.
AL.L. Q OOKSELLERS
NEW YORK
2-6 W. 45th STREET
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, Publishers
LONDON
24 BEDFORD STREET
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Term., as Beoond-class matter*
Date given to subscription Is the month of expiration.
\11 remittances should be made to the Confkderatk Veteran,
and nil communications sn addre
published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn*
OFFICIALLT REPRESENTS:
United Cowkhh as,
UnITI.I) DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY,
Sons of Veterans ami Other One, anizattows,
Confederated Southern Memorial Associatiom
Though men deserve, they may not win, sue
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the Uss.
Price, $1.00 per Year. I
Single Copy, 10 Cents, t
Vol. XXIY.
[VILLE, TENN., JANUARY, 1916.
No. 1.
IS. A. CCNNINGHAM
t FOI'NDER.
"MARSE Ri ■/•'/ ui IS ASLEEP."
[General Lee, sorely Fatigued bj a hard day's march, sal
down to rest by the roadside, where lie tell into a deep
His soldiers observed him as he slept and passed by with
noiseless step, the warning whisper passing down the line:
"Marse Hob's asleep; don't wake linn." In this poem .1 1
of the gray tells the incident to a friend in bine]
Had you heard the distant tramping
On that glowing summer day!
Had you seen our comrades running
To meet us on the \\ a '
0 the WOndroUS, sudden silence.
The unmilitary creep,
As down the line that caution ran
"Marse Robert is asleep!"
Give me your hand, old bluccoat ;
Let's talk of this awhile,
For the prettiest march of all the war
Was this rank and file,
Was the parsing of that army
When 'twas hard. I ween, to keep
Those men from crying out "Hurrah!
Marse Robert is asleep."
There lay that knightly figure.
One hand upon his sword.
The other pressed above his heart,
A vow without a word.
Two laurel leaves had fluttered down.
For flowers their vigils keep.
And crowned him, though T think they knew
"Marse Robert was asleep."
In glorious old Westminster
No monument of war,
No marble story half so grand
As this our army saw.
Our leafy old Westminster —
Virginia's woods — now keep
Immortal that low whisper:
, "Marse Robert is asleep."
\s we clasp hands, old bluecoat,
List, brother of the North :
Had foreign foe assailed your homes,
You then had known his worth.
l'n broken vigil o'er those homes
It had been his to keep.
Step lightly o'er the border then;
"Marse Robert is asleep."
lie's mine and yours, is Robert Lee;
He's yours and mine, hurrah!
These tears you shed have healed the past
And closed the wounds of war.
Thus clasping hands, old bluecoat.
We'll swear by the tears you weep
The sounds of war shall muffled be —
"Marse Robert is asleep."
THE ASHBURTON TREATY.
\ great event of this administration was the
\shburton treaty. This settled our northeastern boundary for
two thousand miles and warded off the long-impending war
with England. In most histories the whole credit for this
treaty is given to Daniel Webster. Of course this great man
should not be robbed of any of his well-earned laurels; but
the President is entitled to a share of the honor. Webster
himself says: "It [the treaty] proceeded from step to step
under the President's own immediate eye and correction."
Moreover, it may be added that one stage in the proceed-
ings Lord Ashburton was about to give up and return to
England; but President Tyler by his courtesy and suavity
conciliated -him and induced him to go on with the negotia-
tion.— Dr. J. Lesslie Hull
The most interesting and valuable of all American maga-
zines is the Confederate Veteran. — Will T. Hale, in Nash-
ville Banner.
4
Qoofederat^ l/eteraip.
JOHN TYLER, SON OF VIRGINIA.
John Tyler, distinguished Virginian and tenth President of
the United States, has received fitting, though long-deferred,
honor from the country he served. Fifty-three years after
his death the United States government has erected a hand-
some monument at his last resting place, in the shades of
beautiful Hollywood Cemetery, at Richmond, Va., that sacred
and consecrated spot where lie the ashes of so many distin-
guished dead. On a crest overlooking the James River and
near the tomb of James Monroe, fifth President of the United
States ami the fourth Virginian to be so honored, this mag-
nificent shaft blazons to the world that national recognition
of one who did a noble part by his country, yet whose con-
victions led him to leave the Union and cast his lot with his
native State when the sections became separated. President
Tyler upheld Virginia in her secession, representing her in
the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, and he was also
member-elect of the permanent Congress when his death oc-
curred in 1862.
On the uth of October, 19 15, this shaft was unveiled in the
presence of a distinguished gathering, representing both
Houses of Congress, the Governor of Virginia, the Mayor
of Richmond, and many others prominent in the public life
of the State and nation. These first took part in the imposing
parade which formed on Capitol Square and wound through
the principal streets of Richmond, through a mul-
titude of interested spectators, to the hallowed con-
fines of Hollywood, where the unveiling exercises
were witnessed by a large gathering. It was a
striking scene. On the platform behind Governor
Stuart, who presided, were members of the Tyler
family. Senators and Representatives in Congress,
Church dignitaries, and leading citizens of the city
and State, with Mayor Ainslee, of Richmond, as
master of ceremonies; and the military was rep-
resented by the Richmond Grays, the Richmond
Blues, the Richmond Howitzers, and the Signal
Corps of the Virginia Volunteers.
The veil was drawn by Mrs. William Munford
Ellis, the only surviving daughter of President
Tyler, and this was followed by the President's
salute of twenty-one guns by the Howitzers. The
audience was moved to applause when the hand-
some memorial was revealed. Rising from a
granite base is the monolithic granite shaft, in front
of which is a handsome bust of President Tyler
on its own granite pedestal, bearing his name and
the dates of his tenure of office, birth, and death.
Two sides of the main shaft are carved in bas relief,
one showing a life-sized figure of the republic with
a shield bearing the seals of the United States and
the commonwealth of Virginia, significant of Presi-
dent Tyler's relations with the national government
and his native State. The other is a draped fe-
male figure, representing Memory, holding in one
hand a laurel wreath and cultivating with the other
the young tree of the republic, which during Tyler's
administration began to grow and expand in an
exceptional manner.
The appropriation for this monument was secured
by the Virginia delegation in Congress, led by Capt.
John Lamb, a native of Charles City County, who
formerly represented the same district in Congress
which sent John Tyler into national life, and in his
eulogy at the unveiling Captain Lamb recalled the
efforts which had been made by President Tyler to prevent
a breach in the Union prior to 1861 and commended the spirit
which impelled him to follow Virginia in her secession.
The principal address was by Armistead C. Gordon, of
Staunton, Rector of the University of Virginia and a gifted
writer, and in his able tribute he brought out those actions of
President Tyler which failed to meet with the approval of his
fellow Virginians, as well as those others which had general
approval. The conclusion of his address follows :
"Time would fail for the rehearsal here of the opinions ex-
pressed of President Tyler by men of distinction and renown.
Jefferson Davis said of him that he was the most felicitous
among the orators he had known ; Alexander H. Stephens said
that his State papers compared favorably in point of ability
with those of any of his predecessors; and Daniel Webster,
Henry S. Foote. Henry A. Wise, George Ticknor Curtis, R. M.
T. Hunter, and a host of other great men bestowed upon him
the expressions of their admiration, respect, and regard. * * *
"And now the Federal government has erected this monu-
ment over his mortal body ; but the significance of the act does
not lie in the cost nor in the beauty of the memorial itself. Its
erection is unique in that it is the first monument to be voted
by the Federal Congress to any man whose sense of duty im-
pelled him to take sides with the South in the stormy days
of secession. Viewed in this light, this memorial shaft to
THE TYLER MONUMENT IN HOLLYWOOD.
The tomb of President Monroe is to the left in background .
Qoofederat^ V/eterap.
John Tyler is the most impressive and significant of all me-
morial structures in the United States; for it is the first in
which both North and South have freely joined, and it stands
to the world as the sign and pledge of a reunited country and
a testimony that the passions of the past have perished.
"John Tyler, statesman and patriot, needs no eulogy. The
austere epitome of his life and deeds can convey but an in-
adequate conception of his courage, his ability, his steadfast-
ness, and his patriotic devotion to country. His dust reposes
here beneath this monument, and on the page of history his
fame itself is monumental. His name has been placed here
alongside those of the great leaders of our epic story — of
Jefferson and Madison, of Calhoun and Davis — and as long
as the record of the republic shall endure he will be remem-
bered and honored as one of its most illustrious sons."
A sketch of the life of President Tyler will be a revelation
to many of the valuable service he rendered his country in
one of the stormiest periods of its history — a period which
demanded tactful guidance among the shoals of dissension
prior to the War between the States. The following, from
the Richmond Times-Dispatch, gives a broad outline of his
life and career:
"John Tyler was born in Charles City County. Va . March
29, 1790. His father, John Tyler, Sr., was one of the most
active and prominent patriots of the American Revolution.
He was captain of a militia company, Speaker of the House
of Delegates, Judge of the State Admiralty and General
Courts, Vice President of the Convention of 1788, Governor,
and at the time of his death was Judge of the United States
District Court. As a leading member of the legislature he
was instrumental in securing the passage of the resolution for
calling the Annapolis Convention in 1786, as Judge he was one
of the earliest to champion the overruling power of the judi-
ciary, and as Governor he earnestly favored the cause of edu-
cation. The 'literary fund' resulted from his strong repre-
sentations to the legislature on the subject.
"His son, John Tyler, passed through even a greater stretch
of honors. He was a member of the House of Delegates,
member of the Executive Council, member of the House of
Representatives, Governor of the State, Senator of the United
States, Vice President and President of the United States,
member of the State conventions oi iN.ij-.yi .,n,| 1861,
dent of the Peace Conference, nuinlni of the Provisional Con
gress of the Confederate States, and member-elect at the time
of his death of the Confederate States House of Representa-
tives. This is only an imperfect enunciation of his honors.
"In politics he was a consistent States' rights man and be-
lieved that the Union's only escape from civil war lay in
scrupulous regard for the Constitution. Like his father, he
was a strong friend of education and as Governor favored a
system of public schools. As a member of the United States
Congress he opposed the Missouri Compromise and other
so-called national measures — protective tariff, national bank,
and internal improvement — as certain to lead to ill will among
the States and imperil the existence of the Union. He re-
garded them as sectional, not really national, measures.
"He was especially conspicuous in the role of peacemaker
in 1833, when he suggested to Clay the principle of the com-
promise tariff, and in l86l, when he got up a peace conference
of delegates from the States, who met in Washington. On
the question of slavery, while he denied the right of Congress
to intermeddle with the subject, he looked to its eventual
abolition by peaceable means and strongly opposed the slave
trade. Thus as Chairman of the Senate Committee for tin-
District of Columbia he drafted a provision for the abolition
of the slave trade in the District and as President caused an
article to be inserted in the Treaty of Washington (1842) for
the maintenance of a squadron by the United States and
Great Britain, respectively, for the suppression of the slave
trade off the coast of Afl
"As President he was a strong factor in determining the
policies of the country. By his vetoes he prevented the es-
tablishment of. a moneyed monopoly represented in the United
States bank and by his close personal surveillance of the dif-
ferent departments of the government abolished all corrup-
tion and reduced the national expenditures one-fourth. He
originated the system of finance known as the exchequer,
which in its essential features is reproduced in the present
banking reserve system, and to him is chiefly due the suc-
cess of the Treaty of Washington (18421, settling the north-
eastern boundary, the right of visitation, the suppression of
the slave trade, and the annexation of Texas, which meas-
ure so greatly extended the confines of the Union and gave
to the United States the virtual monopoly of the cotton plant.
He closed the war with the Seminole Indians, settled the dif-
ficulties in Rhode Island, made the first treaty with China,
and vindicated the Monroe Doctrine as to the Hawaiian Is-
lands."
President Tyler was twice married, his first wife being
Letitia Christian, of Virginia, and the second Julia Gardiner,
of New York, who is buried by his side. There were seven
children by each marriage He died in Richmond January
18, 1862, and the State Assembly directed that a monument be
erected at his grave ; but the stirring events of war and many
demands upon an impoverished treasury prevented the carry-
ing out of this resolution.
The family of President Tyler was represented at the un-
veiling by two sons Dr. Lyon G. Tyler, President of William
and Mary College, at Williamsburg, and Judge D. Gardiner
Tyler, also of that city, and Mrs. Ellis, the only surviving
daughter. Great honor was paid to them and other connec-
tions of the family who were present.
UNVEILING THE TYLER MONUMEN1
O proud old Hollywood ! Thini name.
c on thy breast sleep those well known t
For, like a mother gathers to her heart
The sons from whom not even death could part
Virginia stands to-day with reverent hi
Where rest the ashes of her mighty dead
Their names renowned add luster to our land :
No other State can boast so grand a band
As this old commonwealth, which proudlj sees
Her patriot Presidents on Capitol's frieze;
Since union's triumph arch must ever show
Our Washington, Madison. Jefferson, and Mot
In honoring Tyler the nation honors one
Whose course was hard and difficult to run.
He stood first among the giants of Ins day,
That galaxy of Webster, Calhoun, Clay.
Sleep, statesman ; your service has recognition won,
The Union's tenth President, Virginia's gifted son.
— Cassie Moncure Lyne, i» Richmond Times-Dispatch
Qoi}federat<^ l/eceraij.
BEAUREGARD MO.\IML.\ 1 l.\ NEW ORLEANS.
The annual reunion of the Louisiana Division, U. C. V.,
which was held in New Orleans in November, came to a close
with the dedication of the monument to Gen. P. G. T. Beaure-
gard on November 14. This date had been set so that as many
as possible of the Confederate veterans over the State should
have an opportunity to attend the exercises.
To a salute of seventeen guns the veil was drawn by Miss
Hilda Beauregard, a granddaughter of the General, and re-
vealed the magnificent bronze equestrian statue of the famous
Southern commander mounted on a granite base. W. 0. Hart
was master of ceremonies, and, following the invocation by
Rev. A. Gordon Bakcwell. he introduced Mr. Alden McLellan,
•who made an address
on the work of the
Association which
erected this handsome
memorial.
The oration was by
Judge John St. Paul,
son of Capt. Henry
St. Paul, who was on
General Beauregard's
staff during the war.
and he spoke at
length on the career
and services of the
man in whose honor
the monument was
erected. He was fol-
lowed by Capt. A. B.
Booth. Secretary of
the Association and
now Commander of
the Louisiana Di-
vision, U. C. V., who
gave a history of the
Beauregard Monument Association from its inception to the
culmination of its work in this dedication, which revealed the
persevering efforts of its devoted members through many,
many years. The Association was founded on the night fol-
lowing the death of General Beauregard, February 23, 1893,
by members of Henry St. Paul Camp, No. 16. U. C. V.. when
it .was agreed that the Camp form itself into a committee to
consider the organization of an association for the purpose of
"raising funds for the erection of a monument commemora-
tive of the patriotic deeds and noble achievement's of the great
Louisiana soldier and general, Pierre Gustave Toutant Beau-
regard." The first money contributed to the monument fund
was collected from these members and amounted to $197.50.
Of the nineteen members of the Camp at that meeting, only
seven are now living, and of them Commander A. B. Booth
is one.
The Beauregard Monument Association was then organized
and was incorporated on the the 23d of February, 1893, and
began active work for securing funds. The first officers of
the Association were : Gov. Francis T. Nichols, President ;
Gen. William Porcher Miles, Gov. Samuel D. McEnery, and
Capt. Lawson S. Davis, Vice Presidents; A. B. Booth, Sec-
retary; John Glynn, Jr., Treasurer. The original Executive
Committee of fifty when completed was: Gov. F. T. Nicholls,
Gen. J. B. Gordon, Gen. W. L. Cabell. Gov. S. D. McEnery,
John Glynn, Jr., Leon Jastremski, J. B. Vinet. G. O. Watts,
Judge F. P. Poche, Hon. J. Numa Augustin, C. H. Hyams,
TO THE MEMORY OF
Hon. A. L Tissot, Mayor John Fitzpatrick, W. J. Behan,
Albert Baldwin, George Moorman, Col. E. B. Wheelock,
Capt. Charles A. Brusle, Col. Joseph Henry, T. A. Faries,
Prosper Ganel, F. T. Howard, Gen. E. Kirby Smith, Judge
Albert Voorhies, John L. Rapier, Gov. Charles Parlange, Hon.
T. L. Broussard, Hon. Edward D. White, Hon. Don Caffery,
Jules Tuyes, Gen. Jubal A. Early, B. F. Forman, Col. J. C.
Denis, Hon. Walter H. Rogers, Hon. B. F. Jonas, C. A. Har-
ris, Gen. William Porcher Miles. Gov. Murphy J. Foster, Hon.
Henry P. Kernachan, Lawson L. Davis, James Campbell, Paul
Conrad, M. T. Ducros, John W. Fairfax, Jeremiah Lyons,
John E. Nores, H. E. Witherspoon, A. B. Booth, U. A.
Gueringer, and Joseph Demouruelle.
Of these, one, Hon. John Fitzpatrick. resigned, and only
eight of the others
are now living and
are serving on the
committee — viz. : W.
J. Behan, Edward D.
White. Murphy J.
Foster, John W.
Fairfax. John E.
Nores, Joseph De-
mouruelle, A. B.
Booth, and C. H.
Hyams.
Officers were elected
to serve until death,
but in filling vacan-
cies only members or
honorary members
were to be eligible to
hold office in the As-
sociation. The Treas-
urer's reports showed
cash receipts to May
GENERAL BEAUREGARD. 16, 1893, of $2,343.25.
By various means
other sums were made and added to the fund until something
over $20,000 was secured. Secretary Booth said of this : "We
are glad to know that over three-fourths of the money came
from the people who loved and honored his memory. * * *
It is not to stand as an advocate of war, but to honor duty,
true patriotism and worth, such as distinguished General
Beauregard."
After the exercises were concluded, the organizations of
veterans representing the Soldiers' Home of Louisiana, the
Army of Tennessee Department. Army of Northern Virginia
Department, Washington Artillery, Camps of Veterans and
Sons paraded about the monument to the inspiring strains of
"America" and "Dixie." The base of the statue was banked
with the floral offerings from different Confederate organiza-
tions and schools.
The monument stands at the Esplanade entrance to City
Park and is a magnificent tribute to the great Louisianian and
a credit to the Association erecting it.
Louisiana Admitted to the Union in iKi_>. — Upon the
purchase of Louisiana the Massachusetts Legislature passed
the following: "Resolved, that the annexation of Louisiana to
the Union transcends the constitutional power of the govern-
ment of the United States. It formed a new Confederacy to
which the States united by the former compact are not bound
to adhere."
Qogfederat^ Veterai}.
VIRGINIA MONUMENT AT GETTYSBURG.
As a member of the Gettysburg Monument Commission for
Virginia, Col. William Gordon McCabe, with Governor Stuart
and two other resident members of the Commission, inspected
the work of the young sculptor, F. William Sievers, who is
making the Virginia monument for the Gettysburg battle field,
and he pronounced the equestrian statue of General Lee as
"true to the very life." In an article contributed by him to
the Richmond Times-Dispatch he tells how the work has
impressed "one of Lee's soldiers" :
"Briefly, it is to my mind (and to my heart as well) one
of the noblest statues I have ever looked upon, and I may
add without impertinence that I have seen the best and the
most famous both in Europe and in this country. As I gazed
upon it long and searching]}' the years seemed to roll away;
and I saw once more our great captain, seated in easy majesty
on Traveler, to the very life as we (now the lingering few)
saw him more than half a century ago, watching the shifting
chances of the fray, the well knit, martial figure, instinct with
vigor, the graceful port and carriage, the fine poise of the
'good gray head,' the easy mastery of the thorough horseman
— the perfect embodiment of 'a people's hope,' the noble face
stamped by the 'God of battles' with the rank that he alone
can give.
"Scarcely less in the fashioning of the horse has the sculptor
proved his mastery of his cunning art Not a touch of the
theatrical — just the Traveler that we knew so well — only (by
reason of the dimensions of the great statue) a heroic Trav-
eler that seems proudly conscious that he bears upon his back
the weight of a nation.
"I know not how it may strike m<>re critical eyes; but 1
repeat that to the eyes of one of 1 < ins it is a won-
drous counterfeit presentment of the immortal rider and his
matchless steed, whose appearance in the long ago (in the
land where we were dreaming) always evoked a storm of
hoarse cheering as the great captain rode among the blackened
guns whose thunderous plaudits were ever the welcome closest
to his soldier's heart.
"The pecuniary emolument to the sculptor in this case must
of necessity be small, but by this statue he has won what
money can never buy — a great name for himself and the
abiding admiration of a grateful people."
GENERAL H V SON.
BY REV. G. C. GARRISON, MILFORIl, TEX
Having seen a statement in the Veteran in reference to tin
death of General Hardee's son at Bentonville, N. C, at tin-
age of eighteen years, ami having been in position to know thi
facts in the case through being a member of General Hai
staff, I think it will to make a correction of this, as I am
assured that young Will Hardee was never a member of his
father's staff. Furthermore, hi ilistment in the army
was in an artillery command, though I do not recall what
battery. I remember very distinctly to have passed him day
after day on our march from Charleston, S. C, to Avcrysboro,
N. C. ; that his father, Gen. William J. Hardee, . transferred
him to the 8th Texas, Colonel Terry's old regiment of the
Texas Rangers, just a few days before the battle of Benton-
ville, N. C, where he was killed ; and that he was then between
the age of sixteen and seventeen years. He was buried at
Hillsboro, N. C. 1 know all this to be true, because I was
at General Hardee's headquarters for the last two years of
the war.
I enlisted at Camp Boon, nine miles from Clarksville, Tenn.,
in the summer of 1861, as a member of Company I (Capt. Bill
Shepherd), 3d Kentucky (Tilghman's old regiment), and
served something like two years in the infantry. I was trans-
ferred afterwards to Captain Roaum's company, Hardee's
escort, in service at Hardee's headquarters the remainder of
the war, and surrendered under him at Greensboro, N. C,
on the 26th of April, 1865. Our company escorted him to
Demopolis, Ala., to his wife's plantation, where we disbanded.
THE LEE ANNIUERSARy.
The Confederate Veteran Camp of Xew York will have a
special meeting on the evening of January 19 at the Hotel
Astor in commemoration of the birthday of Gen. Robert E.
Lee. Appropriate exercises will be held, after which there
will be a collation, and those so desirous can take part in an
informal dance.
Col. William 1 of North Carolina, will make the
address in eulogy of General Lee and will entertain the assem-
blage with some choice experiences and anecdotes of the war.
Colonel Beasley has the distinction of having been the young-
est colonel in the Confederate army and. it is believed, in the
Federal army as well. The accompanying picture represents
him at the age of nineteen, at which time, in the absence of
his superior officers, he commanded a brigade. Ever since
the war Colonel Beasley has devoted mind and heart to the
welfare of the Confederate soldier whenever possible, and he
COL. W . 1 I
nt of the North Carolina Confederate Home
Association. The Confederate Veteran Camp of Xew York
is to be congratulated on having at its special meeting the
man whose gallantry won a colonel's stars and who com-
manded a Confederate brigade in battle before he was twenty
■ ild.
8
Confederate l/eteran.
Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize i:s benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE THIS YEAR.
From the threshold of another year the Veteran sends its
greetings to its thousands of friends all over this great coun-
try, with the wish that this year of 1916 may bring them many
blessings.
Nearly twenty-five years ago the Confederate Veteran
came into existence as a modest little publication devoted to
the interests of the Confederate organizations. It has grown
with the years, but is still devoted to the same interests and
ever working to secure a true record of the War between the
States. There is much error yet to be corrected. The sensa-
tional press is continually resurrecting myths of history. His-
torians do not go far enough in their research to find the
truth. It is the province of the Veteran to place these truths
before them, that future generations may rightly understand
the Southern people and the principles for which they fought.
Its work, therefore, is not yet finished ; there is much more
to be recorded while there are still survivors of that mighty
conflict. These records should be gathered from every com-
munity of the South. Much is being done along that line by
the Daughters of the Confederacy in their history work, and
they should have the cooperation of all who want the South
to have her rightful place in history.
One very important thing which seems not to have had at-
tention yet in every Southern State is in the record of troops
furnished to the Confederate army. This should not be longer
delayed. Every community that furnished a company or regi-
ment should have that on record with a full list of member-
ship. The Veteran will help this work along in any way
possible. Let each State Division of Veterans or Daughters
take it up at once with the Camps and Chapters. There is no
work now more important for the Confederate organizations.
FOR RELIEF OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND
WIDOWS.
In the House of Representatives, in the first session of the
Sixty-Fourth Congress, December 6, 1915, John M. Tillman,
member of Congress from the Third Arkansas District, in-
troduced the following bill, which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions and ordered to be printed :
A bill to pay to Confederate soldiers and to widows of Con-
federate soldiers $500 and $30 per month during the re-
mainder of their lives.
Whereas a large amount of money, approximating $100,-
000,000, was secured and collected from the people of the
South during the Civil War and the Reconstruction period
that followed, from the following-named sources : First, from
captured and abandoned property; second, from confiscated
property; and, third, from the collection of cotton tax from
eighteen hundred and sixty-three to eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight ; and
Whereas what is known as the "cotton tax" was illegally
collected ; and
Whereas the South prior to the Civil War and since that
time abundantly proved her loyalty to the Union, gamely lost
without murmuring four million slaves valued at $2,000,000,-
000, gave to the country much in military service, and added
much territory through the genius and diplomacy of her
statesmen ;
Whereas fifty years after the unfortunate struggle between
the States there exists only a scattered remnant of the gray
chivalry that rarely lost a battle, many of whom are maimed
and unable to work;
Whereas it is desirable to destroy the last vestige of sec-
tional feeling and emphasize the fraternal spirit that should
obtain in a happily reunited country and to permit a generous
and a just government to recompense in part the South for
her losses not justified by the stern demands of war:
Whereas it is practically impossible to restore the "cotton
tax" illegally collected or other property confiscated to the
people from whom it was taken during and after the war ; ?nd
Whereas the surviving soldiers of the Confederacy are con-
spicuous and deserving representatives of said section ; there-
fore
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
upon the passage of this act there shall be paid to each soldier
who served in the Confederate army and to each widow of
any Confederate soldier the sum of $500 and that in addition
to this payment such soldiers and such widows shall be paid
quarterly the sum of $30 per month each during the remainder
of their lives.
Sec. 2. That this act shall be administered by the United
States Pension Office.
Sec. 3. That to carry out the provisions of this act the sum
of $100,000,000 be, and the same is hereby, appropriated.
Sec. 4. That this act shall be in force from and after its
passage.
THE CUNNINGHAM MEMORIAL.
Previously reported $3,042 40
Hood's Texas Brigade Chapter, U. D. C, Somerville,
Tex 2 50
Sterling Price Chapter, U. D. C, Lexington, Mo 5 00
H. L. Grinstead Chapter, U. D. C, Camden, Ark 5 00
Sunny South Chapter, U. D. G, Brady, Tex 1 00
Claiborne Guards Chapter, U. D. C, Homer, La 1 00
Marion County Chapter, U. D. C, Buena Vista. Ga. . 1 00
Mrs. Weaver, Buena Vista, Ga 10
Dixie Chapter, U. D. C, Slater, Mo 5 00
Frances Walker Chapter, U. D. C, St. Elmo. Tenn . . 5 00
S. H. Mitchell, Mayslick, Ky 1 00
B. L. Wynn, Charleston, Miss 1 00
D. A. Welch, Sr., Savannah, Tenn 1 00
D. A. Welch, Jr., Savannah, Tenn 25
D. J. Hughes, Savannah, Tenn 25
J. J. Williams, Savannah, Tenn 25
C. F. Sevier, Savannah, Tenn 25
Mrs. I. C. Walker, Savannah, Tenn 25
Sterling Price Chapter, U. D. C, Nevada, Mo 2 50
Light Horse Harry Lee Chapter,. U. D. C, Jonesville,
Va 5 00
William A. Oberchain, Bowling Green, Ky 1 00
Total $3.o8o 75
Qogfederat^ l/eterai).
CAPT. WILLIAM B. PRICHARD.
In San Francisco, Cal., on November [6, 1915, Capt. William
Bond Prichard passed from this life into life eternal in the
seventy-third year of his age
Captain Prichard was a Virginian by birth and education.
When the War between the States came on. he was a student
at the Virginia Military Institute, and he was among the first
of those boys to enlist in defense of the South. At first his
corps of cadets was stationed a1 Camp Lee, near Richmond,
Va., as drillmasters for the gathering forces of tin- Confed
eracy. and he was in command "i ln> compan} Later these
well-trained young officers were placid in \,in<>us commands;
and William Prichard became first lieutenant of Company P..
of the 38th Virginia Infantry, under Capl John Roy Cabell.
Sidney Johnston, of beloved memoir} in everj Southern heart,
and also by a lovely daughter, Elsie Griffin Prichard, worthy
in every way of such ancestry. Captain Prichard cam
remarkable family, an account of which appeared in the Vet-
eran for June, 1912. lie was the eldest of eight sons, foul
Of Whom were Confederate soldier-, and his death is the first
break in the family.
CAPT. WILLIAM BOND PRICHARD.
When the latter resigned. Lieutenant Prichard became captain
of the company and carried it through the campaigns of the
Army of Northern Virginia, serving faithfully to the end.
Captain Prichard led his company in Pickett's charge at Get-
tysburg. Going in forty-eight strong, only seven of them re-
turned; and of the seven, four were injured, including Captain
Prichard
After the close of the war, he accepted the chair of Civil
Engineering and Mathematics at the Virginia Military Insti-
tute, at Lexington, which position he held for several years
He then went to California, settling in San Francisco, and
there pursued his profession of engineering. lie was engaged
for several years in planning and laying out Golden Gate
Park, now world-famed, lie was then made city appraiser,
which office he held until failing health caused his retirement.
Captain Prichard was a gentleman of the purest type.
modest, gentle, firm. He is survived by his noble wife, Mar-
garet Johnston Prichard, the second daughter of Gen. Albert
PRESENTATION OF TESTAMENTS ID ZOLLI-
COFFER GUARDS.
m a new spaper of [(
I lie [6th of May will be remembered with no little interest
by the people of the Concord neighborhood, Wilson County.
I'cnn. It was the day appointed lor Dr. McFerrin to meet
the Zollicoffer Guards for the purpose of presenting each
Bible. The company was
I mainly from the tann 1 the large
audiem to witness the ceremonies of the day,
and the occasion was one which naturally enlisted their
deepest sympathies. The Rev. Josiah Nance, who assisted
I >r. McFcrrm. opened the meeting with a fervent prayer that
brought homi to il" gallant boys the sacred character of the
cause 1 ided and impressed them with the com
that to suci light they must put their trust
in the God of battles and not alone in their own right arms.
ung to the main object of the day. the presen-
tation of the Bibles. Dr. McFerrin entertained the large as-
sembly in a most effective review of the causes that have
brought about our unhappy difficulties, giving a thorough and
of the treacherous policy pursued by
the Lincoln administi ard the Southern States. The
Doctor cut both sharp and deep at times, so much so. indeed,
that neither the reverend character of the spi tkei nor the
solemnity of the occasion could restrain the outspokei
thusiasm of the boys. We all know and acknowledge the
' - power in the pulpit, but there are not wanting those
(since last Thursday) who suspect that the stump has been
cheated of a noble- champion. The conclusion of the address
was a beam i fnl and affecting exhortation to the soldiers to
dailj the blessed Book they were about to receive, treas-
ure its precepts, and trust its precious promises.
Dr. McFerrin then descended from the stand and, assisted
In Mr. Nance, presented each soldier as he marched by with
a handsome copy of the New Testament.
Not the least In outi fill feature of the interesting occasion
lie i'n s, lit ah. m of bouquets and rosettes to the soldiers
by the young ladies. The company marched in double file
up to the table upon which the flowers were laid and counter-
marched right and left back as they were presented, each
man bowing a graceful acknowledgment of the handsome
gift. Messrs. Bostick and Thompson, of Nashville, being
present, were called out by the crowd and made a few im-
promptu remarks, which were well received, after which the
large assembly gradually dispersed.
Appended is a list of the officers of the Zollicoffer Guards :
Joel A. Battle, captain; William M. Clark, first lieutenant;
Thomas B. Smith, second lieutenant ; William M. Matthews,
third lieutenant; M. M. Henkle, Jr.. first sergeant; William
PL Doyle, second sergeant; Benjamin F. Holland, third ser-
geant ; John F. Guthrie, fourth sergeant ; Edward L. Jordan,
first corporal ; Manoah H. Bostick, second corporal ; William
S. Battle, third corporal ; John H. Jordan, fourth corporal :
and one hundred privates, with Rev. John Edmundson and
Rev. William Whitsett, Jr.. as chaplains.
10
Qopfederat^ tfeterap.
WHEELERS RAID INTO TENNESSEE.*
BY JOHN W. DUBOSE, MONTGOMERY, ALA.
Gen. Joseph Wheeler's raid into Tennessee in October, 1863,
has few parallels in cavalry campaigning. Removed from the
excitement and delirium of war, many of its happenings ap-
pear incredible ; and were it not for official reports of both
sides, the account of it when read would be declared unbe-
lievable and deemed the result of highly wrought imaginings.
Half a century between those occurrences and their narra-
tion only increases wonder and admiration for the exploits of
those courageous horsemen, who seemed to have known
neither fatigue nor fear in the pursuit and punishment of
their country's foes. Viewed from either a strategic point or
considered in relation to loss inflicted upon those who op-
posed them, this raid stands out in military history as one of
the wonders of war and assigns its masterful leader and its
no less masterful men to a very high place among the world's
cavalry heroes. Hard riders, fierce fighters, insensible to fear,
they hesitated at no undertaking assigned to them, and they
never questioned, but were glad to go where their gallant
leader bade them go.
Wheeler himself seemed immune from death. Engaged in
two hundred battles and in six hundred skirmishes or smaller
conflicts, he escaped injury. Like Forrest, he led wherever
he was present, and he never hesitated to charge any line or
assail any force that came his way.
A partisan cavalry leader can never know fear or hesitate.
His chief hope of success is based on the surprise of his
foes, and the quick, reckless dash and bold onslaught make up
oftentimes for lack of numbers. A soldier who at twenty-
five years of age had risen to be a brigadier general, at
twenty-six a major general and commander of a corps, a
lieutenant general at twenty-eight, and had achieved success
and renown so great as had General Wheeler could neither be
the product of favoritism nor the outcome of accidental pro-
motion. Behind such a rapid advancement there must have
been magnificent genius, coupled with the fullest improvement
of every opportunity that crossed his path. He had no real
failure in his career. Victory after victory came to him as
if sent by a partial fate. A calm review of his life by a just
and impartial critic impels the conclusion that he was one
of the most remarkable men of the wonderful period in which
he acted.
The battle of Chickamauga, one of the fiercest of the great
conflicts of the war, was marked by an unyielding courage,
a sullen and intense obstinacy on both sides. That engagement
again proclaimed the determination of both sides to fight out
the issues which the war involved until one or both antago-
nists in the awful destruction of men and resources should
be unable longer to continue the struggle. The results, be-
yond the immediate relief from pressing invasion, certainly
did not compensate the Confederate armies for the dreadful
loss Chickamauga involved. Whether the Confederate leaders
thoroughly improved the partial advantages gained will re-
main an open question ; but the outcome imposed upon the
Confederate cavalry new and greater labors, which all history
will declare were met with a courage and enterprise that
added new laurels to their hitherto nobly earned fame.
With Chattanooga still in possession and with the Tennes-
see River behind them, the Federal armies now were to face
one of war's dreadful foes. Hunger is a most potent general
*"Gen.Joe Wheeler ;ind the Armv of Tennessee." Neale Publishing Co.,
New York.
that no antagonist chieftain can ignore. Supplies for the Fed-
eral armies were to reach them either by the Tennessee River
or by the wagon trains starting from points on the railroad
operated from the territory north in Tennessee, and against
these slow and tedious methods of feeding an army the Con-
federate cavalry were now turned loose to burn, scatter, and
destroy.
General Wheeler was given entire command of the South-
ern horsemen operating in this territory. Barely twenty-
seven years of age, wisely or unwisely he was given promi-
nence over Forrest and other cavalry leaders who had on
many fields demonstrated dazzling genius and exhibited sub-
lime courage. Brave and patriotic as were the armies of the
Tennessee Department, yet, as always where human ambitions
and services are involved, jealousy was bound to arise; and no
sixty thousand men can be aligned under a flag for any cause
where some differences will not occur and where in leader-
ship and patriotism some animosity will not arise. Some
men are born to lead and some to follow, and neither in Vir-
ginia, Tennessee, nor in the farther West were the soldiers
of the Confederacy exempt from these ills that ever attend
army organizations. This was somewhat intensified in the
Army of Tennessee, which by the summer of 1863 had de-
veloped three great cavalry leaders, Wheeler, Morgan, and
Forrest. General Wheeler's youth made against him in the
consolidation of the cavalry by General Bragg. His real vir-
tues were obscured by the suggestion that his almost un-
paralleled advance over the older men was the result of of-
ficial partiality and not the just outcome of his military skill
and achievements. For a long while this unfortunate condi-
tion hampered both Generals Forrest and Wheeler. General
Bragg saw the solution of this most serious problem later and
removed it as far as he could ; but there are those who think
he unduly delayed action at so critical a period and where
transcendent opportunities were at hand. With such a leader
as General Forrest at the time of the October raid (which
was led by General Wheeler) also turned upon the enemy's
line of communication, it appeared to the men of that hour
that only one result could have come to Rosecrans's army, and
that would have been practical starvation and annihilation.
These personal differences were at the most acute stage
when General Wheeler was assigned a difficult and almost
impossible task. It is but fair to General Wheeler to say
that under these trying circumstances he acquitted himself
with most commendable modesty and delicate tact; and except
in so far as he was required by unpleasant orders, he did
nothing to add to the seriousness of the complications of the
hour. He was to accomplish a Herculean task, one involving
supreme risks to his own command and to General Bragg's
entire army. The capture of General Wheeler's cavalry at
that time meant calamitous results to the cause of the Con-
federacy. Reckless courage, untiring work, and supreme dar-
ing, with quickest perception and thorough comprehension of
surrounding conditions, made the call upon the young general
such as had never come to a man of his age before.
The events succeeding the battle of Chickamauga had
placed upon all the cavalry under General Bragg demands
that were well-nigh insupportable and which involved personal
privations and soldierly effort which few men could endure.
Both men and beasts had felt the burden of these tremendous
exactions during this brief but important period. Less than
two weeks had elapsed since that great engagement, and from
the hour of its closing scenes the cavalry led by Generals
Forrest and Wheeler had known neither rest nor release from
diligent and vigilant service.
Qotyfederat^ l/eterar).
ii
Horses unshod and broken down, driven to the limit of en-
durance, and men illy fed and decimated by the demand of
those horrible hours were allowed no season of quiet so neces-
sary for physical recuperation. Pity for their beasts, rendered
dear to them by common sacrifice and common danger, had a
depressing effect upon the minds of even those brave sol-
diers, now well trained to the differences which war brings
to every brave soul.
It was under these circumstances that General Bragg called
upon General Wheeler to cross the Tennessee and destroy
the wagon trains which in long white lines dotted every road
north of Chattanooga and upon which for food and ammuni-
tion the Union forces were compelled to rely. Calling his
subordinates and explaining to them the work that General
Bragg had mapped out, almost without exception they pleaded
for mercy to man and beast and for a brief season of rest
before such arduous and difficult tasks were assumed. Not a
few declared that it was impossible to meet such demands
and that to require such service under existing circumstances
was not only unwise, but inhumane.
One of General Wheeler's marked characteristics was abso-
lute obedience to orders, and he never permitted anything
short of the impossible to prevent their fulfillment. The quick
answer to all these objections was a general order to his
command to prepare for the raid and to cross the Tennessee
River at once. In the early dawn, with less than two thou-
sand men, he forced a passage of the river at Cottonport,
thirty miles cast of Chattanooga, in the face of a force twice
as large as his own ; and with such vigor did he press the
enemy who stood in his pathway that he captured more than
a hundred prisoners and brushed them aside for his chosen
line as the wind drives straw from its path.
Before the shades of night came on, two brigades under
peremptory orders joined him. They promptly followed in the
way that he had opened, and now with three thousand eight
hundred jaded horses and tired men and a limited supply of
ammunition he stood alone, defying a great army both in his
rear and his front and with a mighty river flowing b>
him and his supports and comrades.
No soldier heart ever faced more difficult conditions or
assumed greater responsibility, and none ever met them with
calmer courage or more cheerful complacence. His men meas-
ured up to the calls of the hour. In the past they had always
taken care of themselves when beset by enemies and danger.
and now under the valiant leadership of General Wheeler,
sustained by their indomitable will and unfailing gallantry,
they believed that in the end all would be well.
If there were hesitation and doubt, these were immediately
flung to the winds. There was no time to scan the darkening
horizon. Gloomy enough was the outlook if they listened to
fear; but fear these gallant men had never known. Some
spoke of disaster; but the orders of their superior stood out
before the mind, and misgivings were quickly drowned by
the prospect of vigorous action. The brave man seeing dan-
ger braces himself to face it and with resourceful powers
lays his plans to avoid it. General Wheeler's pessimistic
advisers pointed out the consequences of failure and gave ex-
pression to their serious fears of the result of so hazardous
and so uncertain a movement. Caution suggested a turning
back while the way was open ; but General Roddy, with his bri-
gade, had crossed the river some miles below, and if all the
enemy should concentrate upon him they would annihilate his
command. The cavalry leaders of the Confederacy were al-
ways faithful in the succor of their comrades, and no danger
could deter them from going to the help of those who were
sorely pressed. Stuart, Morgan, Forrest, Wheeler, and Hamp-
ton never forgot this cardinal principle of cavalry faith, and
Wheeler declared that he would not desert Roddy in this
emergency because of any risk that was open before his
vision ; and, bidding fears begone, he ordered a forward
march through the darkness of the night in a drenching rain.
He had encountered a Federal regiment of cavalry, and, push-
ing this aside, the appetites of his men, like tigers tasting
blood, were whetted for still fiercer work. On the morning
of October 2, hours before daylight came, he started out in
search of richer prey. One hour's ride revealed the presence
of thirty-two wagons and two hundred mules and horses.
I lure was nothing General Wheeler's command needed more
than horses, and those welcome additions to his mounts were
to his troopers a sure omen of greater victories. This capture
was concluded before the full orb of day had come to cheer
the victorious marchers. As the sun in glory rose over the
mountain tops, from a lofty elevation there burst upon the
view of Wheeler and his followers a panorama of beauty and
joy. Twelve hundred wagons, with their covers as white as
snow spread like a gleam of silver down through the valley,
along the hillsides, and over the mountain ridges, were crawl-
ing along the highway, laden with supplies of the most
tempting kind and weighted down with missiles of war, filled
and prepared to take the lives of the men in gray, brothers
of Wheeler's followers, who across the Tennessee were hold-
ing in check the Federal army invading the Southland.
To many starving men with but scant supplies in their
cartridge boxes and still scanter in their haversacks and now
aware of the short-delayed breaking down of the steeds they
were astride, this scene presented an enrapturing vision.
But this glowing perspective had in it a gruesome and
darkening setting. A brigade of Federal cavalry marched in
its van and another in its rear, and, to make the work still
more repellent, a brigade of infantry marched alongside its
huge serpentine body, and behind the infantry rode a third
brigade of cavalry, all intent upon the safe delivery of this
precious cargo to the Federal army a few miles away, en-
c imped beside the Tennessee River.
These Confederates had come out to hunt the tiger, and it
no unreasonable or traitorous thought to fear that the
conditions might be reversed and at the end the tiger might
hunt them. What Wheeler had searched for, Wheeler had
found. The game was tempting, if dangerous to play; and
when Wheeler in the past had come upon the object of his
1. he had never before in all his marches and campaigns
let it escape without a fight. There was neither time nor
occasion for arguing with fear. True, he was outnumbered
two to one ; but he had never before counted these odds too
great to grapple with, and so without hesitation he bade his
following go in.
It was a long space, and many times the Federal guard
could not protect at every point. It measured at least twenty
miles. Three columns simultaneously broke in upon the slen-
der line. The teamsters, never very brave, terrified by the
shout of battle and the din of rifle and pistol shots, sought
safety amidst the cargoes of the wagons or, springing from the
mules, ensconced themselves in the depth of the surrounding
hills and mountains and from behind stones and trees watched
the struggle for the ownership of the huge train they had
believed to be safe from any onslaught.
Contact with the foe had been so quick and so unexpected
that neither they nor their soldier friends had opportunity for
introspection to figure out just what was best to be done
under the supreme scare that had without warning pressed
12
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
■upon their minds. The Federal guards were not disposed to
run away without a fight. They had no time to mass, and
General Wheeler gave them no opportunity of combining so
as to meet the fullest advantage of numbers ; and in hammer-
and-tong style both sides went at each other by gage of battle
to determine who should have the immensely valuable train.
The Confederates were a very hungry lot. and their supply
•of horses was greatly limited. They greatly needed bread and
something to ride, and the need of something with which to
shoot gave vigor to their every movement. Hunger and the
possible contingency of walking are great incentives to a
horseman's fighting qualities, and for two hours the contest
went vigorously on. In this case the hungriest were the
gamest They had also before their minds a well-defined fear
■ if languishing in Northern prisons in case they failed to win,
and with all this flood of thought coursing through their
minds the men in gray fought with a desperation that pre-
saged victory; and after two hours the Federal guards gave
up the contest and retreated from the scene of struggle. With
a thousand prisoners in the hands of the ragged, hungry, reck-
less Confederate soldiers, the whole wagon train was at their
mercy. The victory won. the savage work of destruction was
now at hand. War. always dreadful, was now to witness dis-
tressful scenes.
The imagination of countrymen and frightened teamsters
magnified the number of wagons composing this immense
train. Some said three thousand, some two thousand; but it
certainly contained more than one thousand, not counting the
sutlers, who, under the protection of this numerous military
convoy, were seeking the front to realize large profits from
hunger and want which depleted army supplies would pour
into their capacious and avaricious coffers.
As General Wheeler had not much more than one man and
a half to each wagon to be destroyed, the burning of these
became a gigantic task. The story of the engagement would
soon be noised about. Swift-riding couriers would carry the
details of the disaster, and in a short while Federal reinforce-
ments would be at hand to punish these adventurous and
merry horsemen who, in apparent disregard of both prudence
and wisdom, had journeyed so far from their supports and
so recklessly undertaken to operate in the rear of a great
army, which had two and a half times as much cavalry as
these bold raiders numbered and enough infantry to watch
and guard every ford across which they might undertake, in
their return to their own army, to reach the south bank of the
Tennessee.
Needed supplies were quickly pulled from the horseless
wagons, rifles and ammunition were seized from prisoners
or hunted in the depths of the "prairie schooner," and then
the torch began its baneful work. Wagons, mules, and mounts
for the victorious horsemen were safely corralled. Mules,
now as the engines for handling supplies, had become contra-
band of war. The dumb, helpless creatures were ready to
adopt the victors as their masters and, without raising the con-
stitutional question of the relation of the States to the Federal
government, would patiently take upon themselves the tasks
and hunger that the new ownership would demand. I lie-,
could help the enemy; they meant less to the Federal treasury;
they looked with their innocent and helpless eyes into the
faces of the powder-grimed captors and seemed in their do-
cility to plead for life and service beyond the Tennessee River
in the wagon train of the army that had risked so much in the
change of their ownership. Selecting the strongest, the largest,
and best-fed for use, the remainder were doomed to death.
All things, animate and inanimate, which would help the foe
must be destroyed. The supply wagons were all fired ; the
ammunition wagons were reserved for later action.
The smoke of burning timbers, cotton covers, and harness
sent up a huge signal that betrayed the presence of an ad-
venturous foe and wrote upon the very heavens that fiercest
destruction was turned loose. This warning could not be
stayed; and so if escape was meditated, quick work must go
on. The helpless brutes were led aside, and those which were
not to serve the new master were condemned to a speedy
death. A rifle ball at close range was driven into the hearts
i if the beasts or. held by the bridle, a sharp Bowie knife was
drawn across their throats. The command withdrew to a
safe distance. A few chosen messengers were sent to fire
the wagons containing the ammunition. A feeble, flickering
flame started as the Confederate destroyers ran to each wagon
and touched its inflammable tops and sides, and then with a
speed quickened by the fear of a fierce explosion the torch-
bearers fled in haste from the coming and inevitable dangers
of a combustible outbreak.
General Rosecrans, when the huge column of smoke stood
out against the sky, seeming to pierce its very battlements,
promptly sent out reinforcements to help the guards who had
in their custody treasures of food, more valuable to his
armies than a treasury filled with gold. The Confederate
horsemen stood these off until eight hours had elapsed from
the time of capture. The wdiole earth seemed to feel the vibra-
tion of the millions of cartridges that were exploding with
the fierce heat, and the bursting of thousands of shells filled
the atmosphere with their hissing tongues of fire and shook
the earth with their ceaseless detonations.
Ere the sun, which rose in splendor upon the mighty train
as it wound its way to the relief of its friends and owners,
had set behind the mountain height on its western side, the
savage work of destruction was accomplished. Its defenders
were scattered. Its beauty had vanished. Only ashes and
carcasses told the story of its greatness and its destruction.
Darkness closed in about the weird surroundings, and the
fateful events of the day were ended. Wheeler and his men,
happy in victory, well supplied, and with a new crown of
laurels, in the stillness of the night rode away in search of
other and new adventures and in quest of more glory and in-
creasing fame.
Survivors of the Virginia's Heroic Men. — Frank S. Rob-
erts writes from Washington, D. C. : "In the tribute to Benja-
min Simms Herring, page 513, Veteran for November, it is
stated that 'he was doubtless the last survivor of the Vir-
ginia's heroic men.' In the Veteran for May, 1915, is given a
list of the officers, engineers, etc., of the Virginia, among them
being H. H. Marmaduke. of Missouri, who was a midshipman.
He is living here in Washington, D. C, and is a member of
Camp 171, U. C. V., of the District of Columbia. There is
another of those 'heroic men' surviving in the person of Capt.
Elsbury V. White, of Georgia, now of Norfolk or Ports-
mouth, Va., who was an assistant engineer on the Virginia.
When a boy in Columbus, Ga., before the war I knew him
well— a tall, handsome young man. He and my brother,
Charlie Roberts, were intimate friends. I know you do not
wish to slight any one of them, so I send this to correct any
erroneous impression."
Unless we can depopulate Georgia, it is useless to occupy
it. * * * I can make Georgia howl.— W. T. Sherman, U.
S. A.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
i
THE OTHER SIDE AT FRANKLIN.
by \v. w. <;ist (co. u. 26th ohio), cedar falls, ia.
Xo one who took part in the battle of Franklin can ever
forget those awful scenes of carnage. They will not fade
from memory. A participant in the great historical event
who has read the various conflicting reports of those high in
command wants to view the whole field and note the relation
of his particular command to the rest of the army. At the
time no one knew what was taking place excepting what came
under his own eyes. No strategic generalship was displayed
on either side. Indeed, there was little chance for this. Hood
inspired his officers to strike a terrific blow. Those officers
inspired their men to risk everything, and their valor has
never been surpassed. All who came across that open field
on that November afternoon were heroes. It takes her
repel heroes. No battle was ever fought in which the value
of the individual soldier was more manifest. He nut tin
demands of the hour largely without orders from ;i superioi
The bravery of both armies is the common heritage of our
united country, and all arc proud of it. Yet the bai
Franklin cannot be viewed by itself. It was one of a
of stirring events. The critical time for the Federal army was
not at Nashville nor Franklin, but at Spring Hill.
A word concerning the army of Thomas is necessary for
an intelligent understanding of the situation. During the
Atlanta campaign Sherman had seven corps in his command,
the Army of the Cumberland and the Tennessee each having
three and the Army of the Ohio one corps. When Sherman
started for the sea, he took five corps witli him and left the
4th Corps and the 23d Corps under Thomas to meet 11 1
Thnse in the ranks thought it would be a big task, and we
found it to be such. Thomas had made a special request that
the 14th Corps, with which he had been identified from the
Organization of the army, be granted him, but Sherman re
fused the request. Thomas went to Nashville and began bur
rying up needed reinforcements. In November the 4th Corps
was moved to Pulaski, and wc had a few days' rest, almost
the first rest of a portion of our command since tin IM of
May. The two corps first came together at Columbia. Thosi
in the ranks did not know anything about Hoi
When we began to move north, wc naturally knew that the
Confederates were advancing. There were but two major
generals with the command, Stanley, commanding the |tli
Corps, and Scholield, the 23d. Stanley outranked Si
in date of commission, but the latter was given temporary
command because he was the head of a department. In his
book Schofield gives emphasis to the fact that he was a de-
partment commander and therefore ranked with Thomas.
though his department consisted of two divisions of troop
only. After throwing up temporary works at the edge of
Columbia, we soon crossed to the north side of the river
The booming of cannon indicated clearly that once more we
were face to face with our old antagonist.
That Hood outgeneraled Schofield at Columbia is plainly to
be seen. In fact, he threw the bulk of his army practically in
the rear of our army and made the situation critical indeed
for us. On the 29th of November the second division of the
4th Corps started for Spring Hill to guard the wagon train
and artillery. We had a forced march, and it was a little
difficult for one boy of fifteen to keep up. This command,
under Wagner, was Sheridan's old division. Stanley, the
corps commander, was present. My regiment, the 26th Ohio.
was stopped a short distance from Spring Hill to guard a
road. Our company had marched as flankers, but it was not
stopped with the regiment, and it formed a part of the skir-
mish line east of the village. The regiment numbered only
about one hundred and twenty men. Our division drove For-
rest out of town. Our command was spread out in the form
of a semicircle on the east side of the town, and it was really
only a skirmish line. A large part of Hood's army was in
striking distance and began to press our thin line back. Stanley
had the artillery of the corps massed on an elevation, and it
did some splendid work in shelling the advancing
seems to have blamed ittack.
Cox in his first book says that Hood himself should bear the
blame, as he was near the head of the column and could have
siven the command in person. If so. Cox himself failed in a
similar way the next day. Our little regiment met for a
short time the attack of a line of battle and was scattered
toward the pike, losing three of our orderly sergeants. In
the forced march I had nol been able to keep up. As T l
to join the companj "ii tin- skirmish line. 1 1 into,
service to help carry a wounded man back to an ambulanci
When 1 started again to join my company, 1 was orden
an officer to help form a line for the defense of the artillery.
There were not more than a dozen of us, and our resistance
would have been feeble indeed. Fortunately, darkness came
to our relief, and we did not fire a shot.
Tarts of our scattered regiment came together after dark.
and we made jus( two stacks of uuns. I heard Stanl* ■
gratulate the captain commanding the regiment that his com-
had not been captured. Wc were then moved jus
of the villas We were not allowed
to talk nor to build a fire. We could sec the Confederates
walking around their camp fires, and they seemed hardly more
than half a mile away. It was a gloomy night. I belong*
a mess of noncommissioned officers. Our orderly -.
1 1 through the body and was left near a house on the
skirmish line. Two weeks later we learned that he died that
night, Soon after dark the advance of the main army r.
He \illage on the waj to Franklin. As they saw the camp
iwn they began to cheer, thinking they wen
about to go into camp Word was quickly passed along the
line that those were the Confederate camp fires, and -
was maintained as they passed along. The actual fighting at
Spring Hill did not amount to much, hut the one division
under Stanley and Wagner made such a show of forci 'I1.1t
1 1 ..... 1 did 11.it press the tight. What that small force did ;it
:li.ii critical time made the victory at Franklin possible. Scho-
says : "The gallant action of Stanley and Ins
livision at that place in the afternoon of X
cannot be overestimated nor too highly praised." Had Hood'
won the victory there that seemed within his grasp, the repu-
tation of Schofield. of Thomas, and even of Sherman would
have gone under a cloud.
Our rest that night was not very refreshing. Before daj
light we were ordered to retire quietly to the highway and
march toward Franklin. According to the custom of march-
ing armies, the command in advance one day drops to the
rear the next day. So our division was the rear guard.
Opdyke's Brigade was in the very rear and had to meet the
feeble attacks made in the retreat. We marched as rapidly as
possible, and no unusual thing happened in our part of the
line. When some two miles from Franklin, we formed a line
of battle, facing the south or southeast. We were not only
tired, but very hungry, as we had had no opportunity to cook
a meal since the morning before. We hastily built little fires
and began to make coffee, hut we had to fall in and change
our position nearer town, as I recall. In the meantime the
14
Qoi}federat^ l/eterai).
Rebel cavalry appeared on a road parallel with us, and our
battery sent a few shells in that direction. Later we moved
back until we were about a third of a mile from our works.
Soon the Confederate army appeared in battle array on the
hill in front of us, and it would have been a grand sight had
it not indicated a bloody conflict. We gathered what rails
and logs we could find and made a low barricade. We had no
intrenching tools. We knew nothing about the disposition of
the troops excepting our two brigades of Wagner's Division
left out in front. Opdyke's Brigade had moved back into
town. Nearer and nearer the Confederates approached with
the precision of dress parade, and our hearts beat rapidly.
We wondered why we were not moved back to the works.
It was plain that some one had blundered. Wagner has been
made the scapegoat. He had his responsibility, and he was
to blame in some degree; but those over him were more to
blame, in the very nature of things.
Let us note the situation in town. Cox was commanding
the 23d Corps. The troops were worn out by their long night
march, but they soon began to build works around the edge
of town to the south. The 23d Corps did not reach to the
river on the right, and so Kimball's Division, of the 4th
Corps, was ordered to report to Cox, and they took their
places on the extreme right. Wagner's Division was also or-
dered to report to Cox. The artillery and ammunition train
of the 23d Corps crossed the river. Wood's Division of the
4th Corps also crossed to the north side of the river, as did
Stanley and Schofield. Stanley was sick, and Schofield gave
attention to repairing the bridges, so the teams and army
might cross more easily. Our generals thought that Hood
might make a strong demonstration in front, as he had done
at Columbia, and then flank us from our position.
When the battle began. Cox was in command of the battle
line, consisting of the 23d Corps, two divisions of the 4th
Corps, and the 4th Corps artillery. With wonderful precision
the Confederate forces came forward for the conflict, their
approach the widest open field that an army ever charged
over. Our right flank was refused to some extent, and our
regiment was on the extreme right. This brought our part
of the line a little closer to the works than the others. We
stood or kneeled, with loaded guns in hand, eyes to the front,
watching the advancing line. The lines were within easy range
of each other, but not a gun was fired from our part. We
wondered why we were left out in that exposed position. At
last we heard yells and firing at the left and saw that our
line east of the pike had given way and was running toward
the works, closely followed by the Confederates. Our whole
line did the same. Lane says that five of our regiments went
back with loaded guns ; and I know this is true, so far as
those about me were concerned. I jumped over the works
just east of the locust grove near what proved to be the
Carter house. Finding the works empty, we stopped, and as
soon as the men seemed to be in we began to fire as rapidly
as possible. Soon a cloud of smoke hung over us, and nothing
was distinct.
An incident happened at this time that I now mention for
the first time. We had fired several times in quick succession,
and as I lifted my gun to shoot again a man jumped on the
works almost directly in front of me and shouted : "Stop
firing, boys ; the men are not all in yet." I was a little horri-
fied at first to think that we might have begun firing too soon
and dropped my gun. Instantly there was a commotion at our
left in the direction of the pike. I turned my eyes in that direc-
tion and saw the line giving way and the Confederates pour-
ing over the works. I have wondered about the man who
jumped upon the works and am inclined to think he was not
one of our men, but one of the Confederates.
Our line was carried back a few rods, and I went to the
rear of the Carter house. This was doubtless about the time
that Opdyke made his famous charge to restore the line. I
saw nothing that looked like a charge, as those advancing
had to divide in two parts to pass the Carter house. The line
that I was in seemed to surge back as those at the pike gave
way and then to move forward to what must have been the
second line of works. The line was now restored, and there
was no break in it again. Men from several regiments were
intermingled, and every man knew that the supreme thing
was to hold the works, and every man did his duty. Had we
been in separate commands under the eyes of our own officers,
we could not have done more. No battle was ever more
truly won by those in the ranks. The officers did all that
there was for them to do. They ran back and got us am-
munition and spread it on the works before us. so that we
could fire rapidly in time of need. A hundred wagonloads
of ammunition were expended, giving some indication of the
amount of lead that went over that field of carnage. Numer-
ous charges were made, some say as many as thirteen, but I
do not know. Frequently those who had dropped behind our
works in a charge as there came a lull in the firing would ask
permission to come over and surrender. We always told
them : "Drop your guns and climb over." The Rebel yell
would ring out vigorously as each new attack was made.
Then there would be nothing heard but the continuous roll of
musketry and the awful booming of cannon. The guns of the
combatants almost flashed into one another's faces. Then
we would yell with all the energy we could command. There
was a Yankee yell as well as a Rebel yell, and we always
thought we put more volume into our yell than did our op-
ponents across the works. To me their voices seemed pitched
on a higher key than ours.
Actual incidents under my observation were not numerous.
I recall that the colonel of one of our commands jumped on
the works and called on the line to follow him. The line was
composed of men from several commands, and we knew that
a charge by a small portion of the line would be absolutely
foolish ; that the thing for us to do was to hold the works,
and we did not respond. A ball pierced the man, and he fell
a few feet to my left. It was my impression that he was from
a Missouri regiment, but Cox says it was Colonel Stockton,
of the 72d Illinois. Stretcher bearers came from the rear and
asked for the officer who had been shot. I wondered at the
time how it was known back in the rear.
I saw no officer of high rank after the fight began. Cox
says that he went along the line to inspect it. I saw no officer
on horseback after we reached the works, but this is no evi-
dence against their being present. There was no need of or-
ders. It is my opinion that, after Opdyke gave orders to his
brigade, if Stanley, Cox, and Schofield had mounted their
horses and galloped to Nashville the battle would have termi-
nated just as it did, except there would have been no one to
order a retreat at midnight. This is no reflection upon the
officers. The men in the ranks saw what was to be done and
did it.
Late at night, when the firing had ceased, I was so tired
that I leaned my head against the works to rest. Near mid-
night a picket shook me to see whether I was asleep or dead.
He said: "Do you know that the army is across the river?"
I did not, but I started at once for the rear. As I passed
back of the Carter house I saw the line of wounded lying
there. Thev did not seem to realize that they were soon to
Qopfederat^ l/eterat).
'5
be prisoners. Those slightly wounded had doubtless been re-
moved. Almost as soon as I gained the other side of the
river I met a man of my company. He had a sharpshooter's
rifle and had gone back into town to mold some bullets and
had taken time to refresh himself with coffee. The long and
nervous strain of the battle had exhausted me completely. As
I recall, I would walk about a quarter of a mile and then
throw myself upon the ground and fall asleep. My comrade
would let me sleep three or four minutes and then rouse me
for the journey. This continued for most of the night.
Toward morning I became more awake and my comrade more
drowsy, and I had to wake him several times. As I marched
along by a command after daylight several remarked that I
must have been in the thick of the fight, as my face was black
from the smoke of the guns. I soon stopj» mall stream
and made a hasty toilet. It was about noon when I reached
our line, drawn up south of Nashville. I threw myself upon
the ground without a blanket and slept till the next day.
General Schofield says that he went to a hotel about noon,
went to bed, and did not awake until about sunset the next
day. Commanders and privates were alike exhausted.
For years after the battle I did nol know of the controversy
as to the commands in tlie fight. When Cox's book came out
in 1882, 1 was greatly surprised by what he had to say con-
cerning the two brigades of Wagner's left out in front. Those
who have read that account will sec that my Statements differ
widely from his. As commandant of the line, why did not
Cox order the two brigades to come in when he realized that
their hasty retreat might endanger the line5 He makes Wag-
ner the scapegoat and follows him relentlessly. In his first
book Cox blames Hood at Spring Hill for not giving com-
mands directly to the divisions instead of the corps com-
manders. Is not Cox just as much to blame for not with-
drawing these two brigades at the proper time? Schofield
boasts that at the beginning of the fight from his position on
the north side of the river he could see every battalion and
battery in his command. Then why did he not order those
two helpless brigades in? That question has been asked for
fifty years. Those high in command blame the subordinate
The fact is that Wagner had in his pocket a written order
to keep his brigades out there till after dark and then take
them across the river. This shows that an assault was not
expected. Of course Wagner was to retire if too hard pressed.
but this was not experienced until it was too late to retire in
order. Had the battle field extended over miles and Wagner
been in an isolated place, he might have shown more caution.
Once an aid came to Wagner and told him the enemy was
massing. He told the aid to report the fact to Stanley. This
was done when Schofield and Stanley were together. No
command was sent back.
In his first book Cox says the two brigades retreated to
the river and were not in the fight again. This was the first
I ever heard of such a claim, and it was so far from the facts
that I at once took the matter up with Cox. The two brigades
lost heavily, as the "Official Records" show, and Cox accounted
for this on the ground that they lost the men out in front.
Even Dr. Henry M. Field, who would nol have intentionally
misrepresented anything, was led to write that it would have
been better had Wagner sacrificed his own life out in front
rather than a thousand of his men. Fortunately, neither Wag-
ner nor many of his men were sacrificed in that place. As an
eyewitness of what happened out in front and on the retreat,
I know that our loss was insignificant in the advanced position.
The safety of the Confederates depended upon their follow-
ing us as rapidly as possible before the men in the works
opened fire. I wrote to Gov. J. D. Porter, of Nashville, who
was on General Cheatham's staff and was familiar with the
battle field, asking him what loss Wagner's brigades suffered
out in front. His reply was that a few men were wounded,
and perhaps fifteen or twenty men threw down their guns
and surrendered. A little later he wrote a second letter, after
he had a talk with General Cheatham, and the latter estimated
our loss as even smaller. These letters are before me. They
state the facts just I observed them. It certainly would have
been foolish for the Confederates to stop and fire when by
running rapidly they were shielded by our two brigades until
they practically reached our works. Hon. H. P. Figures, of
Columbia, who was a boy living in Franklin at the time of
the fight, writes me that he has no recollection of seeing any
federal dead outside the works. Wagner's brigades lost
heavily, but they did not lose the men in front. They could
not have lost any men had they been back at the river, as
Cox states. They sustained their loss in the region of the
Columbia Pike, where the battle raged the hottest. Col.
Ellison Capers, of the 24th South Carolina Regiment, says that
in an assault on our works about ten o'clock that night his
regiment captured a number of men from the Q"th Ohio, of
our brigade. Colonel Lane, of that regiment, was in command
of the brigade at the time. Some of my own regiment were
captured in the works, and one of these was at the fiftieth
anniversary gathering at Franklin.
I was naturally aroused by the misstatements in Cox's book.
nid I wrote an article for an Iowa paper giving an account
of the battle as I saw it. A copy of this article evidently fell
into the hands of General Cox. In his second book on the
battle he does me the honor to quote freely from my article.
He recedes from his first account a good deal, but he does
not give the full facts. He quotes from Captain Sexton, of
the 72d Illinois, who estimates that probably five hundred of
Wagner's two brigades might have been in the works. He
also takes pains to state that no other officer of the 23d
Corps makes the estimate so large. How did this captain
come to make such an estimate? He could certainly not have
done it in the heat of battle. When darkness came and there
was a lull, could he distinguish commands when all the men
were dressed alike? What right has Cox to ignore the
official reports of the men wdio commanded these brigades?
With considerable reluctance he admits that perhaps five hun-
dred men of the two brigades stopped at the works and fought.
Yet the official loss of the two brigades was eight hundred
and fifteen ! This beats all records since wars began. The
trail of blood usually tells where the fighting was done and
who did it. In his official report Schofield gives the loss of
Wagner's entire division as 1.241. The loss in the 23d Corps
was 637. Two regiments temporarily attached to the corps
lost 321 more. Cox gives 990 as the loss of the 23d Corps.
This varies slightly from Schofield's figures. Schofield com-
mends Wagner highly in his report for the admirable manner
in which he discharged his duties.
When I turn to the map in Cox's second book on Franklin.
I am amazed to find that the two brigades which bore such an
important part in the fight and suffered so much are not as-
signed a place in the battle line at all. Why does he not
properly recognize the two brigades that lost more men than
the entire corps under his command? I am also amazed to
find that Schofield in the book that he wrote in later life re-
fers to Wagner and his two brigade commanders in this un-
just manner: "Those three commanders ought to have been
tried by court-martial and, if found guilty, shot or cashiered
for sacrificing their men and endangering the line."
i6
Qoofcderat^ l/eterai).
And yet years later Scholield was supposed to have sufficient
ability' to have command of the entire army. Had it not been
for the heroic action of those commanders at Spring Hill and
Franklin, it is possible that Schofield would never have worn
three stars on his shoulder. Was it the manly thing to try to
cover up his blunder by placing the blame on three brave-
subordinates?
In the great loss of life and the heroic fighting of the in-
dividual soldier the battle of Franklin will hold a high place
among the hard-fought battles on this continent. The armies
were comparatively small, yet the brave Confederates who
crossed that field of death lost more men killed in a few
hours than the Federals lost at Shiloh, Stones River. Chicka-
mauga, or Chancellorsville. They lost more than twice the
number that Grant lost at Missionary Ridge. Let history
record the facts and give to each command on both sides the
honor due.
THE 2{TH MISSISSIPPI AT FRANKLIN.
Joseph E. Whitaker, of Villa Americana, Brazil, S. A., has
sent to the Veteran the following list of casualties of the
24th Mississippi Regiment, Walthall's Brigade, in the battle
of Franklin. The list has been preserved for the special
benefit of the surviving members of the regiment, but is of
interest to all students of that most sanguinary of conflicts.
The list of killed, wounded, and prisoners was made by Mr.
Whitaker by order of General Brantly. When roll was called
the morning after the battle, he, a second lieutenant, was the
only officer left in his regiment and a Lieutenant Jones, of the
30th Mississippi, the only one of that. Whitaker was put
in command of both regiments and held the office until after
the battle of Nashville, when the troops went back to Tupelo,
Miss. After a hard retreat, he was sent to the hospital, Capt.
Clifton Dansley taking his place.
Lieutenant Whitaker afterwards served under Johnston
during the closing campaigns of the war, after the consolida-
tion of the 24th, 27th, 29th, 30th, and 34th Mississippi Regi-
ments. A few days before the surrender I. M. Glenn was
made captain, Comrade Whitaker first lieutenant, and R. E.
Cox second lieutenant of Company L. A short time after
this the men were paroled and returned to their homes. The
list follows :
J. R. Mcintosh, adjutant of regiment, wounded in back; W.
W. Thomson, captain of Company A, captured ; E. Spencer,
first lieutenant of Company A, captured ; J. E. Whitaker, sec-
ond lieutenant of Company A, slight wound, returned for
duty; J. S. Ball, corporal of Company A. killed; A. K. Mc-
Leod, killed; P. G. Hillman, wounded in thigh ; E. W. Jordan,
wounded in hand ; C. Brewer, wounded in head ; S. S. Shep-
ard, wounded in back and arm, afterwards died ; I. Smith,
wounded slightly in face, returning for duty; P. L. Critz, sec-
ond lieutenant of Company B, killed ; R. G. Phelps, sergeant
of Company B, wounded slightly in leg; R. F. Owen, sergeant
of Company B. captured; D. H. Conegy, killed; Van B. White,
killed; J. A. Reynolds, wounded severely in arm; Tim Brown,
captured ; A. A. Wofford, corporal of Company B, captured ;
W. T. Nelms, corporal of Company C, killed ; J. M. Franklin,
wounded in leg and captured; J. W. Holaday, captured; C.
G. Auter, sergeant of Company G, wounded slightly in hip;
J. S. Williams, killed ; W. Couch, sergeant of Company H,
wounded and captured; G. W. Mcintosh, corporal Company
H, killed ; T. B. Couch, captured ; T. H. Gilliam, killed ; G. P.
Hoffman, wounded severely in head; G. W. Bean, missing;
C. Butcher, wounded severely in shoulder ; W. H. Clay,
wounded slightly in arm; H. F. Mosely, wounded slightly in
hip; M. L. Roberts, wounded severely in head; G. W. Searcey,
wounded severely in hand : E. Young, captured ; J. L. Egger,
lieutenant of Company D, wounded severely; B. T. McGau,
wounded slightly in arm; James Baird, lieutenant of Company
E, wounded by ramrod in thigh ; J. C. Tucker, wounded in
face and foot ; G. A. Courtney, killed ; W. A. Doomas, cap-
tured; B. F. Toomer. captain of Company F, killed; Robert
Johnson, killed ; F. M. Powers, killed ; W. J. Senter, killed ;
D. Whitman, wounded in shoulder ; W. H. Kilpatrick, lieu-
tenant of Company K, killed; John Hill, killed; C. F. Mar-
shall, corporal of Company K, captured ; P. T. Kicpt, first
sergeant of Company K, wounded in cheek ; John Hill,
wounded in leg and back ; J. N. Furgerson, wounded in foot ;
T. H. Basnett, wounded in breast ; R. H. Jones, wounded in
side and prisoner; P. G. Hall, wounded in finger; J. Putman,
wounded in head; J. Palmerton, captured; J. R. Shaw,
wounded in arm (all of Company K) ; Joe W. Ward, captain
of Company, killed ; E. Morgan, wounded slightly.
INCIDENTS IN THE BATTLE OF PRAIRIE CROVE.
BY L. T. SANDERS. PLAIN DEALING. LA.
There were Federal troops under General Blount at Cane
Hill, Washington County, Ark., and General Herron was on
his way by Fayetteville to reenforce him. Gen. Tom Hind-
man, in command of the Confederate forces then near Fort
Smith, becoming aware of the movements of these troops, de-
cided to attack them in detail. Sending General Frost with
some Missouri troops to attack General Blount and, if pos-
sible, hold him at Cane Hill, he, with the rest of the army,
by forced march placed himself on the main road between
General Blount and General Herron, our advance surprising
a Federal cavalry regiment just as they were feeding their
horses about daylight. Here we turned to the right, marching
toward Fayetteville, reaching Prairie Grove about twelve
o'clock, where we encountered the enemy, and about one
o'clock the battle opened and raged fiercely until night.
General Frost failed to hold General Blount at Cane Hill ;
so about three or four o'clock General Blount appeared in
our rear, closely followed by General Frost. General Blount
signaled General Herron and was answered, and General
Blount immediately moved and took position on General Her-
ron's right, where he was soon confronted by General Frost,
and a very hard-fought battle raged for about two hours.
Sometime after dark the enemy seemed to be destroying
their surplus baggage by burning and from all appearances
were retreating. With General Blount was the 8th Missouri
United States Cavalry. This regiment was out scouting when
General Blount retreated from Cane Hill, and when they re-
turned they found their command gone ; so they moved along
after General Frost and somehow got into our lines at about
midnight. Discovering the fix he was in, and it being very
dark, the commander, simply by prudence and daring, passed
on through without being molested or his presence being
known, our advance pickets thinking, of course, that it was
a Confederate regiment going to the front. On our way home
after the surrender we met this regiment not far from Little
Rock, and they joked us pleasantly about the affair.
On the battle field that day we saw a horse with one hind
foot shot off below the fetlock, and the next morning we saw
that horse about twelve miles away. We too had retreated
during the latter part of the night, not having supplies suffi-
cient to warrant us in following up the victory. We saw some
pretty hard service in the Trans-Mississippi Department.
C^opfederat^ l/eterai).
i:
GEN. LEON IDAS POLK AT CHICKAMAUGA.
[Paper i>> Dr. Y. R. LeMonnier, of New Orleans. La., a
private of the Orleans Light Horse. General Polk's body-
guard, read before a meeting of tin- Army of Tennessee.
Louisiana Division. |
Night having brought a stop to the first day's lighting at
the battle of Chickamauga, Lieutenant General Polk, after
leaving army headquarters at about ri p.m., proceeded to his
headquarters which for the night had been located beyond
Alexander's Bridge on the left of the ro.nl in a cellar thicket.
•some hundred yards in the rear of his line of battle. Not a
house was within sight. The spol was an admirable one on
tccount of the conspicuity of the bridge, known to all the sur-
roundings, and a courier was posted here for the informa-
tion of such as had business to transact with headquarters
As usual with all open headquarters on a battle field al night,
the genera!, staff, and couriers are mon or less pell-mell.
The result of this proximity allowed me to heat tl nstant
humming and talking which, to me, seemed continuous and
Uninterrupted the whole night. \d<l to tins the chillim
that nighl and the angular fragments of rocks on which we
lay, I do not think I slept an hour. Vt brcal
before General Polk was in th< saddh « rd « -
itround from headquarters: "Has thi courier returned'-" We
Answered: "No." Scarcel) was the answei given when the
i spurred his horse, and off we went Hie situation
was then as silent as it had hem noisj ill nighl We, the
privates, knew then that something was up.
Wi started for Vlcxander's Bridge ^s we reached tin
other side of the creek I saw thi courier, I isher, by a fire
farming his hands, the bridle oi his horsi over his right
shoulder. I cried to him, "Fisher, the General wants you,"
and through devilment added: "You are going to catch hell."
Me immediately jumped into thi saddle and quickly rod,- to
General I'olk l advanced to within respectful distance to
where the) were and distinctly heard Fisher sa) : " * and.
paving no answer. I stopped .m thi fire to warm mj hands and
Did not think 1 was doing wrong." General Polk spurred his
horse, a quick mover, and we followed at a rapid gait \\ i
knew then b) his fa 1 Ins movements that somethin
wrong. "Ah. le quart d'heurc de Rabelais!" We
rapidly until we reached Lieut. Gen. D. II. 1 1 ill's headquarters
at about 7:15, when the following conversation took place.
General Polk addressing General Hill: "General, why have
you not attacked?" General Hill answered "General, my
men are drawing rations, etc." "Sir," said General Polk,
"this is not the time for eating ; this is the time for fighting.
Attack immediately: attack immediately." \nd without wait-
ing for an answer from General Hill. General Polk whirled
lus horse around and, galloping along his line, to every major
' lid: "General, attack immediately."
The mask had fallen; a terrible blunder had been
I'hat Bishop I'olk. a man par excellence, of suavit) of man
nets, should have so spoken to his first in command under
him denoted a terrible strain on the man's mind ; for he was.
without exception. "I'll chevalier dc la noble ecole," brought
up in a Parisian parlor.
.My dear comrades, this is a typical narrative of what took
place on that memorable occasion. Maj my tongue forevei
cleave to m\ palate if at this lnte hour of our existence 1
should, dare to be guilty of misrepresenting a historical fact!
Led' us see if facts, official documents, bear out my state-
ment W>, the dramatis persona of this great conflict, are
I**
the ones to write, transmit, and speak of its history; ahd as
writings remain, let this, a poor attempt of my pen, but the
truth, be deposited in our archives for the future students of
history; and comrades, participants in that great battle, tu
my judges. "History, 0 history, what lies are written in thy
name !"
As soon as General Polk arrived at his headquarters, after
receiving his instructions from General Bragg, the commander
in chief, he issued the following ord
ClRl 1
"111 Uiot V8TERS Kn.n; WlNG, \«MV OF TENNESSEl
umber 19, 1863. 11:30 p.m.
"i- Lii eral Hill, on the right, will attack thi
enemy with his corps to-morrow at daylight
dajor General I heatham, on Hill's left, will make a
simultaneous attack.
"3. Major General Walk. will art as reserve corps.
and division commanders will see that their troops are sup-
• with ammunition bi
By command ,. VI Polk.
hi.. ill,.
"To 1 ,1 ' tern ral D 11 Hill, Ma |oi Gi m raJ I !hi at
1 "i"' - oi thi . to reliable carriers, were
ordered deliver* d at els were placed at the bridge
and upon the road directl) opposite the camp, instructed to
build tires and 1 the lookout, especially for Generals
Hill. Cheatham, and Walker These sentinels were at their
post until 2 \.m.. whi ' Walker and Lieutenant Reid,
a staff Hill, and others had been directed
ral Pi dk."
The orders ware prompt!) delivered, hut General Hill could
found either where General Polk
•.11 told he would he funnel, or along his line of battle;
but in the meantime I Polk had himself delivered mes-
I ' tliat eli ,1 Hills staff, which mes-
ln "Leonidas I'olk. Bishop anil General,'' we read at
the bottom nid it and 245, Volume II. : "It ap-
however, that General I'olk was thi - who made
any attempt to reach G lei J Hill I h commanding general,
although he had iust detached him (about ten that night)
from his own headquarters and assigned him to General Polk.
who till then had had no auth 1 nniuncateil
neither this fact nor, indeed anything to Hill until the next
morning at eight o'clock, when he met him on his line of battle.
it appears that General Hill was appt trmy head
quarters when he received General Polk'- telling him
that he bad been placed under his (Poll ers and that
he wished to see him at his headquarters that night/ Instead
of reporting himself at one headquarters or the other. General
Hill unfortunately waited until nearly 4 \ m mon than three
hours, and then, passing almost through Polk's camp, ai
panied by his staff, rode to his line."
At 5:30 a.m. of the -'oth. General Hill not having been
found, the following (duplicate) order was sent direct to Gen-
ii.1. Hill's division commanders — i. c. Major Generals Cle-
burne and Breckinridge— viz. :
"General'. The lieutenant general commanding, having
sought in vain for General Hill, gives you directly the fol
lowing order: Move upon and attack the enemy as soon as
i8
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
you are in position. Major General Cheatham, on your left,
has been ordered to make a simultaneous attack.
"Respectfully, General, your obedient servant,
Thomas M. Jack, A. A. G."
Shortly after this order was dispatched Major Lee, of
General Bragg's staff, arrived and inquired about the delay in
attacking. The officer was informed that, General Hill not
having been found, the order had been given to his division
commanders.
See statement of Capt. J. Frank Wheeless." He had been
sent direct to General Cheatham, General Breckinridge, and
General Cleburne and told to proceed as fast as possible. This
he did and, finding General Hill with his major generals, re-
turned with the following note to General Polk from General
Hill: "I could find no courier at Alexander's Bridge and,
therefore, could not find you. My divisions are getting their
rations and will not be ready to move for an hour or more.
Breckinridge's wagons seem to have been lost between Thed-
ford's Ford and this place. It will be well for you to ex-
amine the line from one end to the other before starting.
Brigadier General Jackson is running from east to west. My
line is from north to south. General Cleburne reports that
»he Yankees were felling trees all night and consequently now
occupying a position too strong to be taken by assault. What
shall be done when the point is reached?"
On its receipt General Polk wrote to General Bragg:
"In the Field, September 20, 1863, 7 a.m.
"General: I am this moment in receipt of my first com-
munication from General Hill, who informs me that he will
not be ready to move for an hour or more, because his troops
are receiving rations and because his wagons were lost last
night. The attack will be made as soon as he is prepared for
it.
"Respectfully, General, your obedient servant,
L. Polk, Lieutenant General Commanding.
"Brigadier General Mack all, Chief of Staff, A. A. G.'"
It will be seen that the hour is not stated on General Hill's
note, while that of General Polk is dated 7 a.m. Sunrise on
that day in that latitude is stated as 5 :47-7
Captain Wheeless, on his return to headquarters with Gen-
eral Hill's note, met General Polk on his way to the front.
The note read, General Polk continued to General Hill's head-
quarters, when the meeting mentioned at the beginning of this
paper took place, which was between 7:15 and 7:30 a.m.
General Bragg rode up at about 8 a.m. and inquired of Hill
why he had not begun the attack at daylight. When told that
Hill was then hearing for the first time that such an order
had been issued and had not known whether we were to be
the assailants or assailed, he said angrily: "I found Polk after
sunrise sitting down reading a newspaper at Alexander's
Bridge, two miles from the line of battle, when he ought to
have been fighting."
You will notice the error in General Hill's talk to General
Bragg, for he had in the meantime seen General Polk, and
before this orders had been received through Captain Whee-
less from Polk's headquarters. Let us stop here a minute. The
assertion from General Bragg that General Polk was sitting
down reading a newspaper at Alexander's Bridge is erroneous.
It is so ridiculously false that I am at a loss to understand
how a man of such an exalted position as the commander in
chief of that magnificent body of men called the Army of
Tennessee could be guilty of such misrepresentation ; or is it
that his chronic dyspepsia so completely upset his intellectual
faculties that he saw phantoms where all was serene? But let
us follow General Bragg farther on and see if he is con-
sistent.
In a letter written by him to Maj. E. T. Sykes, of Colum-
bus, Miss., dated February 8, 1873, in referring to General
Polk's responsibility in not attacking at daylight on the morn-
ing of September 20, he says : "This question is best answered
by my official report, and I send you by this day's mail a
written copy, which I must beg you to preserve and return, as
it is invaluable to me. In addition to what is there said, 1
can now add, but would not put it in an official report, that
the staff officer sent to General Polk, Major Lee, A. I. G..
to urge his compliance with the orders of the previous night
reported to me that he found him at a farmhouse three miles
from the line of his troops about one hour after sunrise sit-
ting on the gallery reading a newspaper, waiting, as he (the
General) said, for his breakfast.'"
In answer to the above, I quote the footnote on page 251,
Volume II., of "Leonidas Polk, Bishop and General" :
"1. General Polk's headquarters were at Alexander's Bridge.
located in a spot cleared of undergrowth and small trees the
day before by troops temporarily camped there. No farm-
house was near. The spot was about twelve hundred yards
in the rear of General Walker's line. (See map of field and
statement of Captain Morris, the engineer officer who located
the camp already given.) The writer saw Major Lee deliver
General Bragg's message to General Polk at this camp. Gen
eral Polk had then breakfasted and was preparing to mount
his horse to ride to the front.
"2. The time of this interview is nearly enough fixed by th«-
following reply made by General Cheatham to an inquiry by
General Polk which was made in relation to this very inter
view with Major Lee : 'To the best of my recollection, I saw
you at Turner's Battery about sunrise, you having, as I under-
stood, just returned from the right of your lines.' ""
In conclusion, the following extract is given from a letter
from Maj. Frank McNairy, General Cheatham's aid-de-camp:
"I left General Cheatham's headquarters before daylight the
morning of the battle and went to General Polk's headquarters
with a message from General Cheatham to General Polk
When I got there, which was about daylight, I found General
Polk and staff on their horses about-moving to the field, which
they did at once. They got there before me, as I stopped to
water my horse, which had not had water for twenty-four
hours. When I arrived on the field, -he was there. The sun
was not more than up when I got to the field."
The above facts, statements, and especially orders from dif-
ferent headquarters prove the correctness of my assertions.
After the battle General Bragg suspended from their com-
mands Lieutenant Generals Polk and Hill, Major Generals
Hindman and Buckner, and even Brigadier General Forrest
some five weeks later; but as General Polk is the subject of
my narrative, I must confine myself to him. Why was Gen-
eral Polk relieved of his command and ordered to Atlanta by
the commanding general? Was it just, honest, judicious, or
was it not on the part of General Bragg a Juggernaut de-
manding victims for the error which he had made in not im-
mediately pursuing and following the demoralized and routed
army of General Rosecrans to Chattanooga? Our head-
quarters, after the second day's fight, were on the field of
battle under the broad canopy of heaven in an open field,
where night caught us after the defeat of the enemy. The
moonlight on that eventful night was so bright that, in the
C^opfederat^ l/eterarj.
«9
words of General Polk, "one could almost have picked up a
pin on the ground." At 8 p.m. word came that the General
wanted a drink of water. Not a drop was to be had any-
where. Albert D'Aquin and I started in search of the pre-
cious liquid. On and on we went, knowing not where. It
seemed to me that we were in the great Desert of Sahara and
that our search would never end; but, thanks to the beautiful
moonlight, we spied at a distance what we thought was a
group of men. Going in that direction, we heard human
voices, and when we came to the spot we had reached the
goal of our ambition. Here was a well, but how to get at
its bottom was the question. I reached it by my comrades
letting me down, holding me by the hands, when, lo and
behold! its bottom was full of Yankee canteens filled with
water. I mention this to recall how certain events will en-
grave themselves on memory, never to fade, never to be for-
gotten. Now, if we could find this well, these canteens at its
bottom, thanks to that beautiful moonlight night, do you not
see how easy it would have been to pursue the enemy into
Chattanooga?
Again, if General Polk had been guilty of such infamy as
imputed to him by General Bragg — to wit, waiting for his
breakfast while reading a newspaper at a farmhouse instead
of attacking the enemy — it was General Bragg's duty immedi-
ately to place General Polk under arrest and order him
away from the field of battle. Not having done so, he be
came ipso facto, particcps criminis. General Polk during
the two days' fight and the following night, I assert most
positively, having been present all the time, never entered a
farmhouse. There was none about.
In "Cleburne and His Command," by Capt. Irving A. Buck,
pages 135-137, we read : "Bragg replied that there was
no more fight in the troops of Polk's wing. He seems not
to have known that up to that time, 2:30 p.m., Cheatham's
Division and a part of Liddell's had not been in action that
day. (D. H. Hill's 'Battles and Leaders.') Absence from
the field and consequent lack of knowledge of the true con-
ditions as to Polk's wing is the only way to account for this
unjust and untrue aspersion upon the troops who, by their
magnificent fighting, had so pressed the Federals' left as to
make the brilliant movement by Longstreet's wing the great
success it was. And the heroic fight they afterwards made
* * * entirely disproves the commanding general's opinion
that there was no more fight in them."
From a letter from General Longstreet to Gen. D. H. Hill,
dated July, 1884, in "Battles and Leaders," page 659, footnote,
we extract : "It is my opinion that Bragg thought at 3 p.m.
that the battle was lost, though he did not say so positively.
I asked him at that time to reenforce me with a few troops
that had not been so severely engaged as mine and to allow
me to go down the Dry Valley road so as to interpose behind
Thomas and cut off his retreat to Chattanooga, at the same
time pursuing the troops I had beaten back from my front.
His reply was that he had no troops except my own that had
any tight left in them and that I should remain in the position
in which I then was. After telling me this, he left me, saying :
'General, if anything happens, communicate with me at Reed's
Bridge.' Rosccrans speaks particularly of his apprehension
that I would move down the Dry Valley road." ("Cleburne
and His Command," page 136.) "From this it would appear
that, of all the large body of gallant men, this commander was
the only one whipped." ("Ibid," pages 136 and 137.)
I particularly recommend for reading Chapter IX. of "Cle-
burne and His Command." It tells what this splendid
body of men, the Army of Tennessee, thought of its com
mander and incidentally gives another example of Mr. Davis's
unfortunate penchant for a favorite. You will learn some-
thing of us, of how gallantly we fought under one in whom
we had reason to have lost all confidence and who so little
appreciated the victories we won for him. Here at Chicka-
mauga in less than eighteen months General Bragg flagrantly
violated the sound military proposition he had injected in his
report of the battle of Shiloh — viz. : "In this result we have
a valuable lesson by which we should profit : never on a battle
field to lose a moment's time, but, leaving the killed, wounded,
and spoils to those whose special business it is to care for
them, to press on with every available man, giving a panic-
stricken and retreating foe no time to rally, and reaping all
the benefits of a success never complete until every enemy is
killed, wounded, or captured."
In Lieut. Gen. Richard Taylor's "Destruction and Recon
nruction," page 100, we read of General Bragg, whom he
knew very well : "He furnished a striking illustration of the
necessity of a healthy body for a sound intellect Many years
of dyspepsia had made his temper sour and petulant, and he
was intolerant to a degree of neglect of duty, or what he es
teemed to be such, by his officers. * * * Feeble health too
unfitted him to sustain long-continued pressure of responsi
bility, and he failed in the execution of his own plans."
With such facts known, we can now account for General
Bragg's erratic conduct and his wholesale suspensions of his
best generals at Chickamauga. Let me here state that the
suspension of General Polk was disapproved at the seat of
government, Richmond, and that Christian gentleman, the
Episcopal Bishop of Louisiana, a graduate of West Point,
was reinstated in his command.
"To err is human" is a saying as true as it is old and as
old as the existence of man, who has always erred and ever
will in this world of deception and misgivings. Therefore
the above lines are not intended to detract from General
Bragg's qualities. Let us not forget the services he ren
dered to the country in the war with Mexico, in the battle of
Buena Vista, when he was young and healthy, under the very
eyes of General Zachary Taylor (father of our Gen. Dick Ta)
lor), subsequently President of the United States. In his
"Destruction and Reconstruction" Gen. Dick Taylor says
"General Bragg died recently (1876) in Texas. I have rarely
known a more conscientious, laborious man. Exacting of
others, he never spared himself, but, conquering disease,
showed a constant devotion to duty; and, distinguished as
were his services in the cause he espoused, they would have
been far greater had he enjoyed the blessing of health."
> "Leonidas Polk. Bishop and General," Volume II., page 243
' "Official Records, War of the Rebellion," Volume XXX
Part 2, pages 58-60.
s "Official Records, War of the Rebellion," Volume XXX
Tart 2, pages 57-61-140.
4 Ibid, page 140.
B "Official Records, War of the Rebellion." Volume XXX .
Part 2, page 61.
"See footnote. "Leonidas Polk, Bishop and General." Volumf
II., page 249.
" See footnote, "Leonidas Polk, Bishop and General," Volum>-
II., pages 249. 2.r.n.
s "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," Volume III., page
653.
•"Leonidas Polk, Bishop and General," Volume II., page 251
""'Official Records, War of the Rebellion," Volume XXX..
Part 2, page 63.
20
(^or? federal:^ l/eterai?.
SOLDIER LIFE IN HIE CONFEDERATE ARMY.
BY I. G. BRADWELL, BRANTLEY, ALA.
When the war broke out in 1861. I was a small boy going
to school in Bainbridge, Ga. The crack military company
of the town immediately offered their services to the Governor
of the State and became a part of the 1st Georgia Regiment.
Then another splendid company was organized and went
away. After this other influential citizens raised companies,
and it seemed that every available man and most of the larger
schoolboys had enlisted. Those of the smaller set who had
not done so now began to feel lonesome and wanted to go to
the war before it should end without their having any part
in the "fun."
In our little town Capt. G. W. Lewis, who had come from
Tennessee a few years before, had a tailor shop, and at that
time he was adjutant
of the county militia.
I laving a desire to dis-
tinguish himself, he un-
dertook to raise a com-
pany for service in the
Confederate army. He
hired a two-horse wag-
in and driver, a negro
man to cook, secured
an old tent and a cou-
ple of drums, and with
these he started nut on
a tour of the county
to induce the few who
were yet at home to
join his "donipany."
School was now out ;
and as we were spend-
ing a very dull summer
vacation, this scribe
and other boys of his age and size, attracted by the sound of
the drum and the free and easy time in camp, fell in and be-
came a part of the company. We went over a great part of
the county (Decatur) ; but there were very few enlistments,
and if looked as if all our drum-beating would result in failure.
At this rime Mr. Augustus Bell, a prominent citizen, was
also trying to raise a company, which made it more difficult
for Captain Lewis; so he proposed that they unite their men
aid thus form a company large enough to be received in the
regiment then organizing. This was done, and in November
the little band, composed of small schoolboys out for a frolic,
old men better suited for consuming rations than fighting, and
a few first-class men, started to Savannah, Ga., where the
regiment was to be mustered into service. But our captain
misunderstood the order and took us to Brunswick. Seeing
that I could not be persuaded not to go, knowing how frail
and delicate 1 was, and having no confidence in my personal
liravery, my father finally gave his consent, after telling me of
some of the hardships and suffering I would have to endure
and making me understand that if I ran under fire I must
not come back to his house any more, as his family had never
been disgraced by cowardice. Sam, the faithful carriage
driver, had hitched up and was waiting at the gate to take
me and my baggage to the nearest railroad station, thirty-
six miles away. A servant girl was sent upstairs to get my
blanket, while my step-mother and another servant prepared
my lunch. When the blanket came and the girl was told to
fold it up, my father said: "She shall not: let him do it. Let
1. G. BRADWELL.
him learn now that he will have to fold his own blanket every
day and spread it on the wet ground and sleep on it." I
later realized how true was all my father had said. But I
hopped into the carriage as if I were going to a picnic.
At the station I found the captain and the other men, who
had trudged all the way on foot. When we detrained at
Brunswick, Captain Lewis drew cooking utensils and rations
for the company and said to the men : "My servant has been
doing the cooking for you all this time, but you will now
have to do that for yourselves. Select your messmates, about
five or six to the mess." When this was done, the cooking
implements and rations were issued to each' mess, and we all
set about preparing our first meal in camp.
While all were giggling and quarreling over who should
be chosen to constitute each mess, I took 'my place some dis-
tance away to observe what was said and done, not wishing
to impose myself on any of them, as none was any kin to
me or had any special interest in me. I observed two men
standing some distance from the wrangling crowd, talking
quietly to each other. One of these was a Mr. A., a hand-
some young newspaper man; the 'Other a Mr. T., a farmer
and a somewhat older man, with a young family at home.
When I had about concluded that I would be left out, Mr. T.
beckoned to me and said : "We had decided not to have any-
body in our mess but this Dutchman, Elbert Haendl. He
.can do our' cooking, and we can forage around at our leisure
while he does the work. But you are a good boy. I know
your brother Tom and your father. We'll take you, but
will not take anybody else." This pleased me very much,
and I promised to do my part. Some one proposed that we
draw straws to ascertain who should cook supper. This was
done, and the lot fell on Mr. T. and myself. Now, I had
never cooked a meal in my life and knew absolutely nothing
about it, but supposed that Mr. T., being a man of family,
had some knowledge along that line and would tell me what
to do. When I asked him, he said very abruptly: "Build a
lire." I hadn't noticed until then that he was under the in-
fluence of liquor. Our three days' rations of meal, flour, and
bacon were spread out, and Mr. A. said he did not think he
could eat such coarse food; so he and Haendl set out to
search the town for something better. They eventually re-
turned with a demijohn of old black molasses that must have
been ten years old.
When ordered to build the lire. I hustled around and in a
few minutes had collected a great pile of sticks and had a
fire ten feet high, which lit up the whole camp. Mr. T. said :
"That's too big a lire; put it out." I smothered the fire some-
what and asked him what next. He was standing with his
coat off and his shirt sleeves rolled up, and he told me to
put on our big kettle filled with water, as he wanted to make
biscuits. Then be told me to put our flour in the mess pan.
lie said lie would fry our meat. This he sliced up and put
into a long-handled frying pan. The steam by this time was
issuing from the spout of the kettle, and he told me to take
it off and pour the water into the mess pan on the flour. This
I proceeded to do, asking him to tell me when I had enough.
He looked on in his drunken stupor until I had poured the
last drop of the steaming hot water into the pan, and when
I had done so the flour was in little hard round lumps from
the size of a buckshot to that of an egg. When he saw what
I had done, he said : "You've ruined it." I took our corn
meal and poured it into the thin hot batter and tried to beat
it with a spoon into the consistency of paste, but the hard
round lumps remained intact. In the meantime I had put
our oven on the fire and had it red-hot. Into this I poured
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
21
the mixture and soon had burned a thick black crust on the
bottom and numerous yellow perforations through it. Our
bread for three days was a complete failure. Mr. T. put the
frying pan on the lire, while I was busy with the "biscuit" ;
and a blaze lit into it and ran up five feet high, lighting up
the whole camp and attracting the attention of everybody.
The whole company began to laugh and guy him, and some
holloed: "Spit on it. spit on it." He now became furious
and upset the whole thing in anger, losing our meat in putting
out the fire. It was very effective, hut we fasted for the
next three days.
. I now saw that 1 sin mid have to learn to do the cooking
for the mess. We stuck together in peace and harmony as
one family, while the other boys were continually fighting and
quarreling among themselves as long as we remained in
Georgia. The next spring we were sent to Virginia and
placed under Stonewall Jackson. Mr. A. made a Splendid
soldier. He was shot dead at my side on the heights o\
looking Marye's Heights Max 4, 1863, The same day Mr
T. had part of his hand shot off, but survived the war. Poor
Hactidl was captured, put in prison, and starved until he was
a mere skeleton. When exchanged and released at Rich-
mond, Va., where he had access to something to eat, he died
and fills a grave marked "Unknown."
1 low \\ 1 \Yi ki \i M 1 I'
When our regiment was funning, the officers, to indui
men to enlist, promised to arm them with Enfield rifles im-
ported from England as soon as they should be mustered in
But these they did not have, and tin- nun were inclined to
rebel; but all returned to camp from the barracks in Savan
nah, where they took the military oath, and continued to drill
with the old shotguns and squirrel rifles with which they hail
left home. Sometime after this the government sent wagon-
loads of pikes to arm the regiment. This came near causing
great trouble, and the officers 'lid not attempt to compel the
men to take them, Finally the regiment was armed with old
smooth-bore muskets which had done service in previous
wars, and with these we were armed when sent to Stonewall
Jackson in June. iKo_>. When we got there, our camp was
near the railroad station, where there was .1 great pile of new
Springfield muskets that had been left on the numerous battli
fields by the federals and picked up bj our nun. and we
were told to exchange our old guns for these. We were
armed with these new Yankee muskets when we first opened
fire on the enemy on June 27, 1S62, in the great battle of
Cold Harbor, when General McClellan's splendid army was
defeated. The wonderful events of that historic day made a
great and lasting impression on my mind. The dreadful roar
of the cannonade, the incessant roll of small arms, and the
dead and wounded men and horses can never be forgotten.
But I must tell something more of our stay at Savannah.
Here we were drilled four hours everj daj and were thor-
oughly trained for the duties which we were expected to
form later on. But our confinement in camp and daily guard
mount, dress parade, and rigid discipline grew extremeb
monotonous, and we all longed for freedom; so when orders
came to pack up and get ready to take the train for Vir-
ginia, the officers found it impossible to exercise .my kind of
restraint, and we made the camp that daj and night a verita-
ble pandemonium. The younger set went wild with delight,
but some of the older and more thoughtful applied for and
got transfers to other commands which remained on the coast
of Georgia and Florida. Each soldier that night took an in-
ventory of his belongings, laying aside those things which
he considered indispensable; and when we "fell in" the next
morning, packed up for our twelve-mile walk to Savannah.
we looked like a regiment of foot peddlers. We had not pro-
ceeded far in the hot sun when we began to unload. This
continued until we took the train in the- city.
In due time we arrived at Petersburg, Va., where Colonel
1 vans received orders to proceed to the Valley of Virginia.
When we got there we found the other five regiments, which
constituted our brigade under Gen. A. R. Lawton, awaiting
us. The appcaran k son's army equipment
and his soldiers, who had performed such wonders, was a
revelation to us, who had been bottled up in camp so long.
with the greatest abundance to eat. nice floored tents to sleep
in, plenty of clean clothes to wear, and no marching or fig1
ing to do. Near our camp was a park of artillery which had
lately been taken from the enemy in the des]xTate battle at
1'ort Republic a few days before. The bullet marks and the
blood-spattered guns showed the nature of the fighting at
hands of the Louisiana "Tigers," then commanded by
'..ii. "Dick" Taylor. The army horses were lean and show . -
effects of hard service. The few tents we saw and tin
ed to have been dragged through pools of
■mill and water. But the soldiers! How lean and ragged.
how game and enthusiastic! And when they stood up
m line on dress parade under the tattered colors, their regi-
not larger than companies. Our new brigade
of si\ thousand men was as large as half of Jackson's whole
army, and I am sure he fell proud of us that morning, a
few days after our arrival, as we marched by him to join
l.ee at Richmond. He had spent the previous night at a
tltiful country home, and he and the ladies of the house
I and their servants came down to the road to see his
new soldiers pass by. He stood on the bank of the road
dressed in a new uniform, with his arms folded; and as wi
ed, marching in fours, he watched each quartet with tin
eye of an eagle.
Bui I must tell you why we hit tin Valley of Virginia and
we appeared so suddenly and unexpectedly to General
McClellan on his right wing when he and Lincoln were ex-
pecting an attack on V "i from the Valley. After
our arrival Jackson made demonstrations in the Valley with
Ins cavalry, which indicated an early advance in that direc-
with recti forcenu nts which could mean nothing but tin
taking of Washington. Lincoln had a big army there to
miard him and his capital Jackson and l.ee wanted them
kept there while Jackson marched his army rapidly to Rich-
mond to join Lee and Clellan. We had been with
newall bul a few days when trains began to arrive. These
-isted of stock cars. Form cars, and all kit
We were packed inside and I them and dispatched
I miles, when we were detrained, and the ears
-vent back for other- We kept the line of the railroad on
foot through woods and fields anil across streams
until it came our turn to ride again. By this means we wen
II at Hanover Junction and Ashland, as far as we could
by railroad. Here we could hear the distant thunder of
I re's guns, which had already engaged the enemy in anticipa-
tion of our arrival.
While we were packed in box cars like sardines, before we
reached Hanover Junction a soldier put his head out and saw
a blue-coated soldier standing behind a tree observing our
trains loaded with reinforcements for Lee's army. No doubt
22
(^oi)federat<? l/eterap.
he was one of McClellan*s advance pickets thrown out to
make observations and report.
McCIellan was begging Lincoln to send the army he had
at Washington to reenforce his right wing, and, anticipating
this, he had extended his cavalry pickets to Hanover Junc-
tion to meet them, although Lincoln and Stanton had never
consented to do so. If this had been done, Richmond would
have fallen despite the combined armies of Lee and Stonewall
Jackson, and the war would have been over in 1862.
After detraining at Ashland, we started on our march to
join in the fray then in progress twenty miles or more away.
As we hurried on in that direction the heavy sound of ar-
tillery became "nearer, clearer, and deadlier than before."
Our officers were pushing us to the limit and keeping every
man in place, except those who went with our canteens to get
water. One young man came back to us with his load of
fresh water, and as he handed it around he said: "Boys,
they've been fighting down yonder in the woods. I saw a
lot of cannon left there and dead men dressed in blue lying
around." They marched us until late that night in order to
reach the battle field next morning as early as possible, as
General Jackson had promised General Lee to have us in
line at daylight the next morning to begin the grand attack
all along the line on the enemy's position ; but at 10 p.m. we
were still miles away and so exhausted that we had to
bivouac. Before we reached our temporary resting place,
we were halted in a sunken road flanked on one side by a
forest which extended its branches over the road and in-
creased the darkness of the place. On the other side were a
low rail fence and a field which sloped gradually to a boggy
swamp, some two hundred yards away.
Being worn out by our hard march, all soon fell asleep,
while some one was looking for a place where we could spend
the few remaining hours of the night in rest. We were
squatting and sitting in every position in the road, when sud-
denly something came sweeping over us like a roaring wind
and knocked some of our men out of their places, and every-
body awoke completely panic-stricken. Most of the men be-
gan to scramble up the bank on the left to reach the open
field beyond. Being small and not so strong as the others,
I was hindmost in my attempt to follow, and during the
scramble a rail struck me across the head. This was a
knock-out blow, and I lay prostrate for some time. Upon
regaining consciousness I picked up my gun and found the
road deserted. Not knowing what to do and being entirely
deserted, I clambered up the bank, loaded my gun, and
awaited events. I heard a man walking in the woods on the
other side of the road and went down into the road again to
meet him. It was Sergeant A., my messmate, one of the
bravest men that gave his life for the Confederacy. He was
extremely mortified at what had happened and felt that our
regiment had been disgraced by such conduct. Our captain
and second sergeant came from the woods later on, and then
the orderly sergeant and those who had fled to the swamp
came back. The regiment was reformed, and we marched
away to our bivouac as if nothing had happened.
As I was spreading our blankets on the ground Sergeant
A. voluntarily made a speech to our men, and as well as I
remember he said in part : "Comrades and fellow soldiers,
to-night you have disgraced yourselves by your conduct in
running away from an unseen enemy without making an at-
tempt to fight ; but to-morrow will be fought the greatest
battle that ever shook the American continent, and you will
he called on to show to the world whether you are cowards
or brave men. I hope every one of you will help to redeem
this disgraceful conduct." He then fell down by my side,
and we were soon sound asleep, while the boom of the dis-
tant cannon continued.
What it was that passed over us and created the panic is
still a mystery. Some said it was General Lawton and his
staff riding over us to see what effect it would have; others
said it was our herd of beef cattle; but I cannot say, as I
was half asleep at the time, and it was all over so quickly.
Many funny things were done by individual members of our
command on this occasion ; but the stirring events which fol-
lowed in such rapid succession soon caused us to forget this
great stampede in the many hardships and dangers through
which we were called to pass and in which many passed to the
great beyond.
The next morning, when the light of the new day was
making its appearance in the east, our old musician sounded
the reveille as a signal to take our places in ranks and re-
sume our march. The day was clear and warm, and our
officers kept us on the move at "quick time" until afternoon,
when a staff officer, who had ridden forward, returned and
informed our general that the engagement had been in prog-
ress all the morning; that General Lee so far had made
no impression on the enemy's works and had gotten the
worst of the fighting, and to bring his men to the front at
"double-quick," as we were needed there. The order was
given, and we started in a trot; but many of our men soon
became exhausted and dropped out.
We were now about two miles from the fighting, and every
soldier who did not want to die with a greasy deck of cards
in his pocket lightened his load that much. I remember
that the roadside was strewn with these old packs of cards
which had afforded so much pleasure to their owners when
we were so pleasantly situated in our beautiful camps at
Savannah. Our ranks thinned rapidly now, and by the time
we reached the place where our line was to form there were
very few present. Colonel Evans halted us and gave us a
few minutes to catch our breath after our long run and to allow
the stragglers time to come up and resume their places in
the ranks. As we filed to the left on the edge of the field
to form, we found there a long line of dead Mississippians
on the ground, with blankets thrown over their faces. I then
remembered my father's admonition ; and although dread-
fully frightened at what I saw and heard, I stepped boldly
into the front rank and preferred to appear brave when
some of my comrades plainly showed their feelings. Colonel
Evans then told us that we were now going into battle
and to take off everything but our cartridge boxes and can-
teens of water, and a guard would be placed over our be-
longings until after the battle. We were new soldiers and
green enough to believe this, and accordingly we made
a great pile of our knapsacks. We never saw them again.
The guard said the day after the fight that a quartermaster's
wagon come along, and the officer with it dismissed him and
took charge of the goods.
In our front as we stood here was a wide level field, and
beyond this the timber in a boggy creek (Powhite) ob-
scured from our view the progress of events ; but the white
smoke arising and the thunder of the artillery indicated very
plainly where we would strike the enemy. Across this field
came cannon balls, skipping and striking the ground and cut-
ting up all kinds of antics. Artillery horses, with their har-
ness flapping and dangling about them and with the blood
gushing from their wounds, could be seen flying wildly to
^pi}federat{ l/eterat).
23
lome place of safety. The bodies of dead horses and dis-
abled caissons dotted the field and showed that the enemy
had been driven that morning from this position to his
•chosen ground beyond the creek. During the iew moments
we were allowed to remain here I began to wonder why I
had volunteered, against my father's and my teacher's advice,
to come here to be killed like a dog when I might have re-
mained at home in peace and plenty; but I dismissed this
thought and asked the Almighty to shield me from the mis-
siles of death and keep me from all harm. This silent prayer
was answered ; for, although my comrades were -shot down
all around me and the ground dug up and plowed by the iron
and leaden hail, I escaped unharmed. I have ever since been
a firm believer in God's merciful providence.
On the march that morning from our bivouac our regi-
ment was the last of the brigade. General Lawton had rid-
den forward, and as the regiment arrived he threw them for-
ward singly en eschelon on our right and to the left of A.
P. Hill, supported by Longstreet, who was fighting with the
greatest gallantry to dislodge the enemy from his almost im-
pregnable position at Gaines's Mill, far to our right. When
we reached the scene, our five other regiments were already
engaged, and the 38th, next to us. was immediately in front
of the Iloboken Battery, bearing the brunt of the battle, as
they were in the open field and unprotected, while the other
regiments were driving the enemy through the woods with
■comparatively small loss. Colonel Evans and the other field
officers, mounted, ordered us to move forward ; and as we did
so he drilled us as if we were only on parade until we reached
the margin of the creek, which we found to be a tangled
mass of briers and undergrowth. Here he stopped us a
moment to catch breath again and told us to lie down. He
took a small Bible out of his breast pocket after he had dis-
mounted and read while we rested. As we fell down a
shell from the battery on the other side of the creek came
cutting the air just over our heads and plunged into a marshy
place back of us, lifting a great quantity of mud and weeds
many feet high and spattering us with it. This shell just
missed our company, and I saw its effect and felt that the
gunners would make short work of us when we made our
-appearance in the open. Colonel Evans replaced his Bible
in his pocket, drew his sword, and in his familiar voice said :
"Attention, battalion!" Every man rose, and he ordered us
to move forward.
We were soon through the thicket; and as we plunged into
the muddy water, full of dead men and horses above, many
of our men fell prostrate in it and began to drink. When
we got across, our clothes and shoes were dripping mud and
water. Just ahead of us was a long line of South Caro-
linians, lying flat on their faces, holding the position until we
should come. When they saw us they called : "Come on,
boys ; walk right over us." This we did, as the ground was
covered with their bodies and there was nowhere else to
step. A short distance up the hill we were out of the
woods, where the enemy's infantry and artillerymen could see
us. They immediately opened on us with their long-range
rifles, while we could do nothing with our muskets, and our
men were cut down all about me. The first ball struck a
young soldier in Company E named Simpson, who cried in
-anguish: "O boys, they've shot me!" Then to my right a
young man fell, then another and another.
At this the older men of the regiment called out to our
field officers that we could not stand that and that we must
take the battery on the hill in front of us, in full view ex-
cept for the cloud of white smoke around it. With this they
dashed forward, without orders, with a hideous yell. W«
were soon within range of their infantry, and the whole
regiment opened fire. The blue line broke immediately, fall-
ing back on their battery, shooting all the while ; but our men
were determined to drive them from the field, capture the
battery, which had already decimated the 38th, and put a stop
1 its destruction. This we were doing very nicely and ef-
nally when Colonel Evans, who had never been under fire
before, fearing that in our enthusiasm and the confusion we
would penetrate too far into the enemy's line without sup-
port on our left and all be killed or captured, ordered us to
halt This we absolutely refused to do and continued our
■ Irive. Finally he and our brave old lieutenant colonel got
id of our men and tried to stop them; but still they
pushed on, driving the enemy, yelling and shooting, regard-
of what they said or did. Colonel Evans succeeded in
tapping Company E by threatening to strike them with his
ird if they did not stop and obey his orders, and then
the other companies did so.
This was the most unfortunate thing that could have hap
,1 to us. Up to this time we had lost comparatively few
of our men. The enemy, only a few yards in our front, took
refuge in a sunken road near the battery and had all the
adva "-. being well protected, while we were in the
[ere our loss was heavy. If let alone.
would have made short work of the battery on the hill
1 the lives of many of our brave men.
We remained here in this exposed position until our sup-
ply of ammunition was about exhausted and the sun was set-
• 11 >lt. when we were ordered to fall hack; and as we did so
saw that our general had brought four regiments of the
brigade from the right, where they had been engaged, and
had formed them far to our left, so as to strike the enemy
■ n the flank. They came across the open field as if they had
n on parade, while the battery loaded and shot with great
rapidity, tearing great gaps in their ranks. But on they went
the very mouths of the guns, which the gunners stood by
the last. Our men immediately turned these on the enemy.
now flying from the field, and the great battle of Cold Har-
bor, June 27, 1862. was fought and won by the Con fed. 1
at great cost. So badly crippled was our array in this en-
gagement that it could never fight so well again. While
son thus fell on McClellan's right and crushed it, Hood
broke his center at Gaines's Mill, where A. P. Hill and Long-
street had fought until the afternoon with the flower of the
Southern army and had failed. McClellan's army was well
supplied with the best modern artillery and ammunition with-
out limit. The former he always had well posted, and the
latter he did not spare. His soldiers were devoted to him
and fought well.
Going Over the Battle Field.
The next day our captain gave me permission to search (or
a schoolmate and comrade who had been shot and left in
front of the battery. This gave me an opportunity to see the
effects of the fighting. After I had found him and returned,
we were ordered to fall in and march by the battery on the
hill. The captain lay on the ground with his thigh bone
shattered and protruding from the wound. His handsome
face showed that he was suffering greatly. A wounded sol-
dier had placed sticks upright in the ground around him and
spread a mosquito net over him to keep off the flies. His
dead and wounded soldiers lay about the guns where they
24
Qopfederat^ l/eterap,
had fallen the day before; but the dead and wounded horses
presented a horrible spectacle and one never to be forgotten.
These were all splendid specimens of the equine race, and it
seemed to me a great pity that these poor dumb creatures
had thus lost their lives in a contest in which they could feel
no interest. Some with a leg shot entirely away and others
with a great gap ripped in their sides, with their entrails
dragging on the ground, were peacefully grazing on the
young, tender clover as if there were nothing the matter with
them. Poor creatures! They all had to be shot to put an
end to their misery. How cruel is war and how unneces-
sary! When will mankind learn better?
We soon came to the Chickahominy River and found all
the lowlands on each side flooded and the bridge over which
the remnants of McClellan's broken fragments of an army
had crossed during the night afloat in the muddy water. His
whole force on that side would have fallen into the hands
of the Confederates that night if General Jackson had pushed
them, for they were completely broken up and disorganized,
with a swollen river and flooded swamp between them and
their main army on the other side. But instead of doing so
he contented himself by throwing shells into them from the
high ground and letting them have time to cross to their
friends on the other side to fight us again at Savage Station,
White Oak Swamp, and Malvern Hill. Here, as on other
occasions, by some oversight our generals threw away the
fruits of our hard-won victory. It seems that it was not the
will of Divine Providence for us to win, however much we
punished our enemy.
We crossed the river on the floating bridge, which tin-
Federals in their great haste to get away did not take time
to destroy, and found a great many soldiers from our own
State lining the road. All of them were rejoicing over our
victory and told us that they had recaptured their colonel,
who had fallen into the hands of the enemy. This seemed
to do them more good than- anything else, as he must have
been a very influential citizen at home. But we pushed on
through swamps and over hills, with the sound of bahle ever
ahead; over roads made almost impassable by McClellan's re-
treating army. There was every evidence that his army was
badly demoralized. We saw dismantled army wagons, dead
animals, and dead men everywhere over the twenty-five miles
of our pursuit. In one place I saw a team of splendid mules
with their throats cut, lying beside the road. This had been
done to prevent their falling into our hands. The cavalry
picked up a great many men and horses and took them to
the rear.
Finally our advance, consisting of men who had taken little
or no part in the previous fighting and who were the flower
of the South, came up with the enemy at Malvern Hill. This
hill had a commanding view of the surrounding country in
every direction except one. The approaches to it from the
west and north were open and offered no protection to our
men. McClellan had selected this place to make his last
stand. Here he had collected all of his artillery, perhaps
not less than one hundred and fifty pieces, and all his in-
fantry. When our men found them there awaiting us, they
formed immediately and advanced across the field in the most
gallant style, although the artillery tore great gaps in their
ranks, and the United States fleet of gunboats opened a
deadly fire on them also. But they pushed on until they
reached the foot of the hill, where they were somewhat pro-
tected. They charged up this and, in spite of the lines of
infantry in the rear of the guns, silenced them. Some of the
men, sure that they had won out, jumped astraddle of the
guns and waved their hats in triumph. Hut the fire of the
lleet in tin- James River and that of the infantry was so
hot that they were compelled to fall back. This was late in
the- afternoon and was repeated four times, until late in the
night, when they claimed they held the hill ; but I cannot
vouch for this, as I am sure the enemy the next morning
held at least a part of it.
How many field guns they had on the hill and how many
in the fleet I cannot say positively; but when my command
arrived there that night the noise was appalling and com-
pletely drowned the rattle of small arms. The heavens were
lit up with the glare from the fire of guns and the bursting
shells. Like a poor dog fighting for existence, the Federals
were making their last desperate stand here, where they had
every advantage over their relentless and gallant foes. The
fighting continued until late in the night, and the enemy with-
drew toward Harrison's Landing, leaving a rear guard to
hold the place until morning. Our brigade and regiment in
the darkness made their way through the tangled swamp and
briers to the north and east of where the main fight took
place, but only a part of the command was ordered forward.
These did some fighting and lost a few men. My own regi-
ment stood in line of battle a short distance in front of a
Federal battery awaiting orders to advance; and as none
came, we unfolded our blankets and fell down and in a few
minutes were sound asleep. But before we did this a Federal
officer rode up and in a loud and angry tone commanded the
battery to be moved.
The next morning three companies of our regiment and
some men from other regiments of the brigade were formed
to the right and opened a skirmish fight with the rear guard
on the hill near the Malvern house. This did not last very
long, when a white flag went up, and we ceased firing, and
then men of both sides began picking up the wounded. We,
the skirmishers, were allowed to break ranks, and I had a fair
chance to see some of the battle field. In the woods where
Colquitt formed his command for the charge behind logs and
big trees his men were lying dead everywhere. In the dark-
ness of the night and the furious cannonade these poor
wounded fellows had sought refuge and died for want of
attention. In the open field our dead lay as they had fallen
up to where the Federal batteries had stood on the brow of
the hill. Here the ground was strewn with the blue-coated
enemy, many of whom were mangled horribly by the heavy
shells from the fleet in the James River. The gunboats
killed more of their own men than of ours. The explosion
of those big shells scattered in fragments the bodies of those
they struck. Hands, arms, legs, and other parts could be
seen scattered here and there where they were thrown in the
fearful fighting the night before. Some of their field guns
were still there and were on that part of the hill, I suppose,
which our men claimed to hold after the fourth assault. In
this fighting our artillery had no show. The Federal bat-
teries assembled on this commanding elevation concentrated
their one hundred and fifty guns on any of our batteries as
they attempted to take position and knocked them to pieces
in a moment.
It was, indeed, a bloody repulse for our army. Some one
again made a grievous mistake here. All the remnants of
that splendid army, now broken up and dispirited, collected
here in a chosen position, with the fleet at their back for
support, decimated our advance divisions, and in the dark-
ness of night made their escape under the guns of the fleet
V. Y. COOK,
(;or?federat^ l/eterai) NOT loanable. 25
along the banks of the river. The next day Gen. .1. E. B.
Stuart, with his cavalry, followed them and found them
huddled up on the banks of the river, surrounded by high
hills. Instead of conveying this information to General Lee.
who could have put a hundred guns in position and de-
stroyed the remnant of our enemy, he in his ardor opened
lire on them with his little light batteries. McClellan now
woke up to the serious situation and took position on tin
hills, and our greatest opportunity was lost to us. Thus il
seemed that Divine Providence again intervened and turned
the scales of fortune against us.
CONSPICUOUS FEATS OF VALOR
i:y T. W. TROWBRIDGE, ANDERSON, S. C,
In sending -an account by General Bratton of the closing
scene of an attack made by the Federals on our line of work;
on the Williamsburg road below Richmond October -7. [864
I shall also give an account of the engagement from the tunc
the Yankees came in sight to their final repulse and capture.
The division, composed of Hood's old Texas Brigade, Law';
Alabama Brigade, Bratton's (Jenkins's old brigade) South
Carolina Brigade, Benning's and Tigc Anderson's Georgia
brigades, commanded by Gen. C. W. Field, came over frorr
Petersburg on the 26th and encamped about two miles from
the battle ground of the next day. Early on the morning of
the 27th General Field sent for me and Sam Watson, who
had been detailed from Company F, 1st Texas Regiment, a*
scouts, and put into our hands two Whitworth long-range
rifles which had been sent t ■ > division headquarters to be
tested for accuracy. As we took the rifles the General re-
marked that he heard distant tiring in our front, and we
might find an opportunity to test the guns. We started at
once in the direction of the firing, and after we had gone
something over a mile the firing became very distinct. We
quickened our pace and soon came to the works that crossed
the Williamsburg road, and right here was enacted the most
gallant deed of the war that came under my own observation.
We found in the works a lieutenant and twenty men of the
Virginia Home Guards. These were holding in check a
strong skirmish line of Yankees that extended over a front
of at least two hundred yards or possibly three hundred
yards. The lieutenant had deployed his men behind the
works; and while they were keeping np a brisk fire, he was
running up and down the works, shouting at the top of his
voice, giving orders as if he had command of a regiment <>t
men. Watson and I joined in the row with our long-range
guns at short range.
There were two depressions in our front running parallel
to our works about a hundred yards apart. Men lying down
in either of these depressions could not he seen from our
works. The enemy's skirmishers advanced to and over the
first depression and started over the second; but this lieu-
tenant and his gallant little band drove them back, and they
lay down in the depression, unable to move either backw ird
or forward. For a while the firing ceased on both sides.
The officer went back of the works a few yards to a point
where he could look over our front. In a few minutes he
came back and reported a solid line of Yankees advancing in
line of battle, extending right and left as far as he could see.
Very soon the line of battle reached the first depression. The
lieutenant commenced his tactics again, and a brisk fire was
kept up by our side. The Yankee line wavered a little, but
got into the first depression. As the) were some time in this
depression, we supposed thej were reforming their line that
had got out of order. The lieutenant said: "Boys, I am
afraid there are too many for us; but if you will stick to me,
we'll die right here, for it won't do for them to get these
works." Just then we heard the old familiar yell, and, looking
to our right, we saw the old Texas Brigade coming down the
works at a double-quick. The lieutenant threw up his hat
and said: "Glory to God. we are saved!" Now. if this officer
and his handful of gallant Home Guards had not stood to
the rack, the Yankees would have captured the works, and
it would have cost thousands of lives to retake them.
The old brigade was halted and in a short time was ready
for business. The Yankees now moved out of the first de-
pression, and as they came over the rise we made it so hot
tor them that most of them fell back. The others came into
the second depression with the skirmishers, and there they all
stayed until they were brought out as prisoners. My recol-
lection is that all of this command were captured. 1 saw five
stands of colors brought by where I was stationed, and I
heard of others. The other brigades of the division came in
behind the Texas I'.rigade. and some of them took part in the
fight.
Six 11 UNDRED CaPTURJ I' B1 '
The following account of a very remarkable exhibit)
courage and valor was given by General Bratton:
"The most conspicuous feat of personal valor and skill that
came within my knowledge during the war of secession was
achieved by an officer of my brigade on the 27th of October.
1864.
"In the severe and constant fighting of that campaign my
staff, as well as line, suffered, and it was necessary to fill the
places of the wounded officers of the line.
"To meet such demand Capt. J. Banks Lylc, of the 5th South
Carolina Regiment, was then, and had been for some time,
rendering efficient service on the brigade staff. On the morn-
ing of the above date the enemy were in heavy force on the
the James and assailed our works with more
Vss vigor at various points extending their attacks to and
beyond the Charles Citj wood. In the afternoon his cavaln
assaulted our the Williamsburg road, held by our
cavalry, and were driven off. Fields's Division of Infantry was
promptly moved to the Williamsburg road in anticipation of
the assault by infantry, which followed, pushing our cavalry
Mill farther to the ''It; my brigade, under it- Minor. Col
\\ ilk.r. occupying tin Km across the road and in position to
meet and repulse it. In their retreat a number of the enemy
took i- fugi hi a was],, or gully, which ran through a depl
5ion in the field - hundred yards in front
of our line, nearly halfway to th( line. Captain Lyle
saw that tiny were whipped and would surrender if called on
to do so. He so reported and asked permission to advance
the skirmish line and take them. His request was refused;
hut, convinced as he was that they would escape, simply be-
eause they were not invited to surrender before night came
to cover their retreat, lie determined to attempt their capture,
lie went to the skirmish line and tried to get volunteers, and,
failing in that (all were willing to go if ordered), he started
alone. He bail not advanced many paces before two men
called out. 'Hold on. Captain; you shan't go by yourself,'
and moved out with him. They had gone but a short
distance when Captain Lyle concluded not to subject his
brave little force to the danger of possible error of his judg-
26
Qo r>f edera t^ l/eterai).
ment, but to use their aid without risk to them. He had
observed an officer trying to arouse the collapsed spirit of his
men in the gully and, halting his volunteers on the crest
overlooking the position, ordered them to open fire on the
officer and put a stop to his harangue, while he advanced
alone over the open field in full view of Fields's Division on
our side and the whole force of the enemy on the other side.
He was recognized by his own brigade; but those of the
other brigades, misapprehending his conduct, fired on him at
long range so heavily that the dust stirred by the bullets fall-
ing around him almost concealed him from view. This con-
tinued until word could be passed along the line stopping it.
This, of course, served to attract the attention of all to him
as he approached the gully in which the enemy were con-
cealed. In full view of friend and foe he accomplished the
capture and made them file out without arms and move on to
our lines. There was great enthusiasm and excitement on
our side. Men all along the line of the division mounted the
works with exclamations of admiration and inquiry, 'Who is
he?' etc. The enemy did not seem to understand it at first
and took no part until they saw the prisoners filing into our
works, when they opened a battery on the scene, which con-
tributed to the general excitement, but was especially effective
in hurrying the movement of the prisoners into our works.
The number of officers and men captured was about six hun-
dred, with three stands of colors and swords by the armful.
"This is the substance of a report made to me on my return
to the brigade a few days after the incident occurred and on
which I based and forwarded a recommendation for Lyle's pro-
motion. Major General Fields, who witnessed the close of
this stirring scene, not only indorsed but warmly urged it on
the ground of 'benefit to the service' in his entire division,
adding what he himself saw of the remarkable feat. But our
army was being worn away and reduced in numbers daily.
There were no vacancies. All of our positions were held by
officers of courage and experience, and our condition was not
favorable to giving rank for any feat of valor, not even for
one so conspicuous and extraordinary as this. The recom-
mendation for promotion was for this reason perhaps shelved.
"This, though the most wonderful, was by no means the first
of Captain Lyle's feats of valor. They, together with his
personal disregard for -danger, had made him in the brigade a
reputation for general recklessness; but his recklessness was
entirely personal. No officer was more careful for his men
in looking to their comfort or shielding them from unnecessary
risk. So far as they were concerned, he exercised real pru-
dence, but it was the prudence of which only a brave man is
capable. He was highly endowed with what are called 'bat-
tle instincts,' and, relying implicitly on his intuitions of the
conditions of the enemy, he acted on them whenever he had
authority to do so. Hence his successes are apparently rash
and reckless enterprises. His intelligent courage and peculiar
adaptability to fighting attracted my attention and influenced
my selection of him for service on the staff. I shall only add
that in that service he more than filled the measure of my
expectations.
"I have made this plain and simple statement, a just appre-
ciation of this crowning feat of a career of heroism, to call
attention to the time and place and circumstances of its
achievement. Our army had been forced behind its works
around Richmond and Petersburg, and its operations for
months were confined to their defense, which taxed to the
utmost its courage and fortitude. With constantly diminishing
resources, we were reduced to a steady, dogged defense. To
the common eye there was literally no field for enterprise of
valor and skill for our army or any position of it or any in-
dividual in it and had not been for months when this startling
and astounding feat was performed in the open light of day,
in the open field, and in full view of opposing lines. * * *
"My statement is the summary of reports from various
sources, from General Fields down to the privates who wit-
nessed it. He was on the eve of leaving for home, having
secured a leave of absence to get married. He brought to me
a little cavalry carbine the evening before he left and in-
formed me that he had not turned it over to the government,
as was our rule with captured property, and why he had not
done so. When about halfway through with the capture, a
Federal officer, some distance up the line, was indignantly
berating his men for surrendering to one man and urging them
to kill or capture him. It w'as the crisis of the undertaking
(for he was in their power if they could only be brought to
realize it) and must be met promptly. Throwing down his
trophies and picking up a carbine which had been lost in the
retreat of cavalry, he advanced promptly and directly on the
officer, presenting the carbine and threatening to blow his
brains out if he did not surrender. He yielded; the capture
was completed without further trouble. Fortunately, the car-
bine was not loaded, but neither your father nor the Yankee
knew it. He slung the carbine on his shoulder and held it
till I came.
"His duties precluded the idea of his using it in the public
service. He had no excuse for appropriating it and brought
it to me with the above statement. I received it and told him
that I would relieve him of all responsibility for it, but con-
cluded to rob the government myself and begged him to pre-
sent it to his bride for me as my wedding present.
"He was so bashful and blushing at the mention of his
bride that I doubted if he comprehended fully the nature of
the transaction and carried my message straight. But he re-
tained the carbine, and my appropriation of it for him is the
only recognition of his conduct that he ever received except
general increase of admiration for his daring by his com-
rades. The colors and other trophies I never saw, but on
inquiry learned that they had been turned in by a Georgia
brigade (Anderson's) that got credit for them temporarily;
but if my recommendation for promotion, indorsed by Gen-
eral Fields, is among the war papers, three stands of colors
are on record as captured by him. I cannot recall what
troops were captured further than that they were a portion
of those who had handled us so roughly about a month before
at Battery Harrison."
The hero of the incident, Capt. Joseph Banks Lyle, was
born in 1829 near Winnsboro, S. G, graduated A.B. from
South Carolina College in 1856, and has devoted his whole
life to education, except during his four years' service to the
Confederacy, having been principal and proprietor of the
Limestone (S. C.) Male Academy prior to and subsequent to
the war of secession. In 1870 he removed to the West and
conducted large schools successively at Paris, Tex., and
Caddo, Ind. Ter. He served on the staff of Gen. Micah Jen-
kins and of General Bratton and was captain of Company C,
5th South Carolina Volunteer Infantry. He was nine times
wounded with balls, shell, and saber, once having his skull
broken. The rifle with which he effected the capture of the
six hundred Yankees was a seven-shot repeating Spencer
carbine, with which the Federal cavalry was armed.
Qopfederat^ l/eterag.
27
RUNNING THE MISSISSIPPI BLOCKADE.
BY WILL H. TUNNARD, SHREVEPORT, LA.
In unearthing these notes, written daily during the mem-
orable struggle of 1861-65, the mind of the writer dwells on
a period subsequent to the desperate and heroic defense of
the city of Vicksburg in May, June, and July, 1863.
In September, 1863, the remnants of the garrison were
being congregated at Enterprise, Miss., in parole camp. The
larger proportion of the 3d Regiment of Louisiana Infantry
had gone west of the Mississippi. All the companies, save A,
Iberville Grays, and K, Pelican Rifles, of Baton Rouge, hailed
from parishes in the Trans-Mississippi Department — viz.,
Morehouse, Caddo, Natchitoches, Caldwell, Winn, and Car-
roll.
On September 21, 1863, Capt. Ben W. Clark, assistant adju-
tant general on Gen. H. W. Allen's staff, and Nolan Clark
appeared in the camp and announced that they wanted five
volunteers to accompany the staff in running the blockade of
the Mississippi River, which was being rigidly enforced by a
close patrol of Federal gunboats. Maj. H. F. Springer, of the
3d Louisiana Infantry, detached on special duty by the Con-
federate States, was in the party with thirty thousand rounds
of fixed ammunition and $1,500,000 Confederate money to
convey across the river. He was a blockade runner. The
whole party consisted of Gen. H. W. Allen, Capt. B. W.
Clark, Capt. T. K. Fauntleroy, of the artillery, and Major
LaSalle and Maj. II. F. Springer.
On September 26, after an interview with General Allen,
five men of the 3d Louisiana Infantry volunteered to accom-
pany the party west of the Mississippi. At eight o'clock the
next morning they were thirty-five miles away from Enter-
prise and parole camp. Then began a memorable journey
replete with incidents, exciting episodes, and hairbreadth es-
capes. For nearly a month the blockade runners were dodging
about the Mississippi swamps, endeavoring to effect their pur-
pose. They had a light no-top ambulance, a skiff mounted on
wheels, and an army wagon loaded with the money and am-
munition. They successively passed through Shubuta, Ellis-
villi-, Williamsburg, Mt. Carmcl. Monticcllo, across Pi
River, through Summit, Liberty, Woodville, Fort Adams, and
other points. Like a hard-pressed fox, they doubled on and
crossed their trail.
On the night of October 7 the party left Col. J. Hunter's
hospitable mansion, below Waterloo, and plunged into the
swamps along the banks of the river. Every attempt to
cross the stream was made at night. That night it was as
dark as Erebus. The party was unusually nervy, because
they thought their mission was about to be accomplished.
They crossed Buffalo Bayou, caught a glimpse of Old River,
and plunged into a dim swamp road, where the giant trees
hung heavy with the pendent gray moss and sentinel out-
stretched arms obscured the stars and made the night a ray-
less, inky-hued blackness. The wheels of the vehicles were
swathed in cloths, and a silence as profound as death was ob-
served.
A reconnoissance by Major Springer after a halt revealed a
gunboat in close proximity and the marines actually land-
ing. The horses were hastily detached and the ambulance
left standing near the trail. The animals were urged into
flight in a mad gallop by the drivers to escape capture. Their
flight over the soft ground concealed their movements. The
horses and most of the party eluded the enemy.
The writer, who had Captain Fauntleroy's red artillery
cap hid under his gray jacket, Capt. B. W. Clark, Major La-
Salle, and one or two others were surrounded by the ma-
rines, but were undiscovered in the darkness. The word was
passed in a whisper to scatter, slip out if possible, and each
make his way back to Colonel Hunter's place. Captain Faunt-
leroy's cap was disposed of by being thrust into a con-
venient hollow log and left to an undisturbed repose. The
bearer luckily managed to escape in the darkness unchal-
lenged.
The tread of the Federal bluecoats was plainly heard.
The advantage was on the side of the Confederates, whose
presence was undiscovered and who were free to act as cir-
cumstances offered. They eventually made their escape by
"the skin of their teeth." The ambulance escaped observa-
tion. The party, excepting two, eventually reached Colonel
Hunter's by 1 a.m. Captain Fauntleroy reported just before
dawn; but Captain Clark, who wore a long army overcoat,
arrived the next day, having gotten lost in the swamps. He
was finally piloted out by a negro, to whom he gave a $100
bill. Recounting his thrilling experiences, Captain Clark said
he had passed the picket line with a Yankee sentry, holding
a cocked revolver in his hand ready to shoot the bluccoat
if he was discovered and then attempt to escape. His long
coat and the darkness concealed his identity, the sentinel
mistaking him for a Federal officer.
The Federals raided the Barclay place, adjacent to this
spot, destroyed his boat, and carried him off prisoner as a
suspect. They had discovered the trail made by the blockade
runners. This locality became too hot for the safety, com-
fort, and health of the party, and they speedily moved to a
point between Rodney and Waterproof.
On the night of October 20 they bivouacked in the grounds
around Oakland College. The next morning in the gray of
the dawn, a dense fog hanging over swamp and stream, shut-
ting in every object with its white shroud, the boat was
launched above Waterproof, the plunder loaded into it, the
wheels taken off of the ambulance, the body and gear of
which were put on the boat, the oars muffled, and, swimming
the horses, the party dared their fate in the heavily laden
craft. The entire party— Gen. H. W. Alien, Capts. T. K.
Fauntleroy and Ben W. Clark, Majors LaSalle and
Springer (of his staff), A. J. Perry, J. R. Nash, J. D. Webb,
F. D. Tunnard, and W. H. Tunnard, of the 3d Louisiana In-
fantry— successfully made the trip. Landing and loading up
the ambulance, the general and his staff hastily drove through
an adjacent lane into the sheltering woods. Scarcely had they
disappeared from view when a gunboat came by, and the
enemy was watched from behind the levee by the five paroled
soldiers. They were left to take care of themselves, now
that they had safely crossed the river.
Strapping their knapsacks on their backs, they took up
their long march to Alexandria, La., on Red River. Suc-
cessively they trudged through the Tensas swamp, along
Choctaw Bayou, crossed the Tensas and Bayou Louis, also
the Ouachita and Little Rivers, and eventually reached Alex-
andria October 25, travel-worn, sore, and weary from their
steady, forced march almost day and night for five days.
This episode portrays the daring and perseverance of that
soldier-statesman and idolized Louisianian, Henry W. Allen.
He endured the hardships, dangers, and privations of that
memorable blockade-running with the rest of the party. It
was his last trip, presumably, across the Mississippi before
he went to Mexico at the surrender and gave up his life in
that country, unconquered, true to principles to the last, the
28
^opfederat^ l/eterag.
hero and martyr to the cause he loved and to the people he
honored, loved, defended, and sustained. Henry W. Allen
was of that exalted character and sterling caliber that im-
mortalize the hero and give to the centuries the halo that
glorifies the true martyr — an honored citizen, a brilliant states-
man, the idolized executive, the fearless, brilliant, brave, and
daring soldier.
BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE—TWO VIEW-
POINTS.
with parenthetical and connectional remarks bv
john c. stiles, brunswick, ga.
General Hooker's View.
"April 30, 1863.— It is with heartfelt satisfaction that the
commanding general announces to the army that the opera-
tions of the last three days have determined that our enemy
must either ingloriously fly or come out from behind his de-
fenses [which he did] and give us battle on our own ground,
where certain destruction awaits him [or us].
"May 3. — We have had a desperate fight yesterday and to-
day, which has resulted in no success to us. I do not yet
despair. My troops are in good spirit, and no general ever
commanded a more devoted army.
"May 6. — The major general commanding tenders to this
army his congratulations on its achievements of the last seven
days. If it has not accomplished all that was expected, the
reasons are well known to the army [no doubt]. It is suf-
ficient to say they were of a character not to be foreseen or
prevented by human sagacity or resource. The Army of the
Potomac will give or decline battle whenever its interest or
honor may demand. By our celerity and secrecy of move-
ment, our advance and passage of the river were undisputed,
and on our withdrawal [also with celerity] not a Rebel ven-
tured to follow. The events of the last week may [possibly]
swell with pride [to bursting] the heart of every officer and
soldier of this army. We have added new luster [ ?] to its
former renown [McDowell, McClellan, Pope, and Burnside].
We have made long marches, crossed rivers [a-going and
a-coming], surprised [and been surprised] the enemy, and when
we have fought him [too proud to fight on the afternoon of
the 2d] have inflicted heavier blows than we have received.
We have no other regret than that caused by the loss of our
brave companions, and in this we are consoled by the convic-
tion that they have fallen in the holiest cause [God save the
mark!] ever submitted to the arbitrament of battles."
General Hooker was undoubtedly a windy orator, but still
we of the South must have the very kindliest feelings toward
him for his action when the Confederate prisoners were in
retaliation put on short rations. When he ascertained that
the "damned Rebel officers" at Johnson's Island were eating
rats, he immediately, without consulting the authorities, had
their food put back on the old basis.
General Lee's View.
"With heartfelt gratification the general commanding ex-
presses his sense of the heroic conduct displayed by officers
and men during the late arduous operations under trying
vicissitudes of heat and storm. You attacked the enemy in
the depths of a tangled wilderness again on the hills of
Fredericksburg, and by the valor that has triumphed on so
many fields you forced him once again to seek safety beyond
the Rappahannock. While the glorious victory entitles you to
the praise and gratitude of the nation, we are especially called
upon to return our grateful thanks to the only Giver of victory
for this signal deliverance he has wrought. It is, therefore,
earnestly recommended that the troops unite on Sunday next
in ascribing to the Lord of hosts the glory due unto his name
The army and country alike lament the absence for a time
[if it could have been that only, a different story would be
told of Gettysburg] of one to whose bravery, energy, and skill
they are so much indebted for success."
If General Lee had a fault as a soldier, surely his recom-
mending or advising, instead of ordering, was it.
"A 1VOXDERFUL RIDE."
CONTRIBUTED.
On the 27th of December, 1862, Barton's Brigade, of Steven-
son's Division, arrived at Vicksburg and was dispatched to
the trenches, about two and a half miles northeast of the city.
The brigade was too close to the enemy to be relieved in the
daytime, and it was placed in a lane, and the men were shel-
tered behind a rail fence that ran parallel with a skirt of
woods. The enemy were in a thick forest full of undergrowth
and screened from Confederate view. The Federals got
the range, and now and then shot and shell plowed the ground
and through the ranks of the brigade.
Gen. S. M. Barton and Lieut. Col. R. M. Young, command-
ing the 40th Georgia, were watching the shells of the enemy.
One struck the fence and exploded, killing several soldiers
and covering H. C. Hunt, a stripling of the command, with
earth. At this juncture General Barton deemed it wise to
communicate with General Pemberton, and he asked for a
volunteer to take a message to Confederate headquarters.
Volunteers were not very numerous; but H. C. Hunt offered
to undertake the hazardous and perilous work, and he was
furnished with a horse.
Capt. R. F. Patterson, a member of General Barton's staff,
owned a splendid blooded Kentucky horse. It was brought
from behind the bluff, and young Hunt mounted with his dis-
patch and entered the road parallel with the enemy's lines
for a mile and a half. This was the only way by which he
could reach General Pemberton's headquarters. Apprehend-
ing the purpose of the messenger, the Federals opened a
furious fusillade. Now and then a shell dropped about the
horse and rider to remind them both that the enemy had seen
them. It required ten minutes to make the trip, and almost
every step of the way subjected young Hunt to the enemy's
fire. Bullets plowing through the earth filled the pathway
with dust, but the bold rider was not dismayed and rode on
until he reached General Pemberton and delivered the mes-
sage.
A brave volunteer, he won the admiration of his comrades.
Some years since an inquiry was made by one who witnessed
this act and wished to know the name of the gallant soldier,
but it was not given at that time. His modesty hid from
the world the splendid story of his valor and immeasurable
courage.
Dime Book of Days. — The "Reconstruction of the South"
was, on the part of the people of the North at large, simply
that which in national life is more than a crime, a blunder.
On the part of the leaders who planned it and carried it
through, it was a cool, deliberate, calculated act violative of
the terms on which the South had surrendered and disbanded
her broken armies. — Thomas Nelson Page.
Qopfederat^ V/eterap.
29
WHO CAPTURED HICKMAS'S BRIGADE?
BY J. N. SUMPTER, COMPANY G, IITH VIRCINIA INFANTRY.
After reading an article in which it is claimed that Gracie's
Brigade of Alabamians captured Hickman's Brigade in the
battle of Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864, I feel impelled to
make this correction in justice to our history and to my old
comrades of the nth Virginia Infantry.
On the 8th or 9th of May, 1S64, our brigade, William R.
Terry's, returned from North Carolina, where we had been
assisting General Hoke in the capture of Plymouth, Little
Washington, and the investment of Newbern, which latter
place we would have taken but for the fact that our iron-
clad, the Trent, got aground at Kinston. General Hoke,
thinking that the attempt to take this place with our land
forces alone would be at too great I . abandoned the
attempt, and we were ordered t" return to Virginia. We
took possession of the intrenchment in the rear of Winchester
and Drewry's Bluff on the pth, I think, under command of
Gen. Braxton Bragg. General Beauregard from
Petersburg on the night of the 1 |th bj way of Chesterfield
Courthouse and took command, Extra ammunition was is-
sued on the 15th and everything gotten in readiness for an
advance against Gen. B. F. Butler's army, which bad taken
position in our front.
We broke camp at about two o'clock on the morning of the
[6th and marched in the direction of James River until
we got to the Petersburg and Richmond fixer road where it
crossed Falling (nek. We crossed this stream and formed
line of battle on the riuht of the road and moved forward to
Dear the cresl of the hill, halted, and laj down in resen
Gracie's men. We bad lain there but a short time when the
nth and j-ith Virginia were ordered forward to
Gracie's Brigade, which bad engaged the enemj in our front
In going forward we met a number of Alabamis
out,, and the) seemed to have been badlj worsted One ol
mem, an officer, said "Hurrj up, boys; the) are tearii
all to pieces." We moved Forward until we came to the edg<
of the woods, where w< found Gracie's men having a warm
tune, and tlu-ir ammunition was almost exhausted. Wi
opened ranks for them to pass through, and is OU1
front was clear of the Uabamians we went to work to give
the boys in blur the ver) best we bad. I do not know how
"1 )ld Spoony "s" boys liked the amusement we wire g
them; but 1 do know well that it our band bad been ordered
to play 1 should have suggested their playing "A Hot Time in
the Old ["own," foi old Ben's boys made it red-hot for us
for about an hour.
General Terry, becoming tired, as he said, of the way
pings were going, ordered the tsl and ~i li to charge their
lines, which the) did with a rush and that old hair-raising yell.
They broke their lines and came sweeping down the line. The
nth and 24th were ordered forward, and we went with thai
June old yell. We found the enemy completely demorali ed
and right then and there Terry's Brigade captured Hickman's
Brigade. I do not know what became of Gracie's Alabamians,
as the people in our front kept me too busy to be looking
around to see what they were doing on oilier parts of the line;
i "it I suppose they were somewhere on the line doing their
Klty, as Alabamians knew how and always did. But the) did
not capture Hickman's hoys. ( >ld I'.uck Terry's hoys did that
— the 1st. 7H1, iilh. and 24th Virginia — and the next day the
17th marched to Richmond, with all four of the regimental
eolors of Hickman's Brigade drooping beneath our glorious
Southern cross.
DIDST HAM TO MISS A BATTLE.
BY J. W. SIMMONS, MEXIA, TEX.
I belonged to Company E, 27th Mississippi Regiment, Wal-
thall's Brigade. In the battle of Murfreesboro we had a posi-
tion in the battle line across the Warrington Pike. The engage-
ment began at daybreak on our extreme left, and at first we
could just hear the roar of musketry, interspersed with artil-
lery. The firing came nearer and nearer as our troops ad-
vanced, and it was plainly to be seen that a general engagement
was on hand; and what the fate of each one would be be-
fore night no one could tell.
The suspense before an engagement is always more trying
on the nerves than the actual battle. About nine o'clock in
the morning a youthful Confederate, equipped as a soldier.
bed our captain, saluted, and said: "Captain. I have
Hist returned from a wounded furlough and cannot find my
command. This battle is on, and I want to join your com
pany for the present." The captain, turning to the orderly
m. instructed him to give the young man a position on
Ft of the company. In a few minutes we wen ordered
to advance over thi irks, through the old field, and
to charge the enemy, who was in heav) Force in the cedar
ond. Ibis we did in maud style, driving them and
capturing some artillery and many prisoners. I do not know
11 heat and burden of that day any more than
other commands, for there wen lays for
all i" if they would ifter them; but I do
know that r 1 t"! that Found it any hotter than we did
must have found it awfully hot. notwithstanding it was a cold
day. The official report shows that the 30th Mississippi
menl. Walthall''- m one acre
ol ground. It al that of the thirty-two pieces of ar-
captured that da) Walthall's I aptured fourteen
of them.
Late in the afternoon, after we bad driven the enemy about
one mile, we were relieved by Breckinridge's Division, thai
had not been engaged. 1 »n 1 alii oil, we found that our
company bad lost eight killed and oni lieutenant missing. In
infusion he had In en killed, no one knew where, but he
1 mnd that night.
Our young recruit, like the * ier hi was, held the
position assigned him through all of that bloody day's work;
and when it was over, he applied to the captain again, asking
for a certificate to show his officers bow he had put in the
day. 'I In 1 iptain turned to tin order] : and said:
"Give this young man a certificate and word it as strong as
the English langu 11 >\ < it and have every officer in the
companj to sign it." This they gladly did. as all had seen
how bravely be had stood at the front all day. I am sorry not
to he able to recall his name and command. I mai
have known them, a- that was a very busj da) ; but rm recol
lection is that be was a ["enni • re in our
eyes and running dow n his cheel him good-
by. and. although we were strangers, we felt as brothers in
one common cause; for while we had risked our lives together.
I have never heard of him since that day. If he came through
lie war. I guarantee that lie made an honest living and a
gi lod citizen, as did all true i". mfedi
The Alabama. — What a wonderful histor) was hersl A
single ship matched against one of the mightiest navies of the
world, vet keeping tin ocean in defiance "f all pursuit for two
years ! — Timrod.
30
Qopfcderat^ l/eterai}.
»i»i».i*iwiwi*iwi*i*i*iviyi»i*i*i*wt»i*i»
ASLEEP.
BY MRS. A. O'C. PUGH.
[This poem was inspired at the grave of the late Mrs.
Magnus Thompson, President Stonewall Jackson Chapter, U.
D. C, of Washington, D. C, and is dedicated to her memory.]
Asleep where the crimson twilight reflects the oak's red leaves ;
At rest 'neath the broadening acres once rich in golden
sheaves ;
At peace with her brothers, waiting near her own dear soldier
dead,
Who lived and died years past for the cause she loved and led ;
Where the river's gentle flowing in soft monotone agrees
To the attitude of mourning of the weeping willow trees;
Where the silence, deep and throbbing, lives to wrap in loved
embrace
The frail and empty casket long ennobled by God's grace;
Where beneath the blue rotunda of God's universe so great
All that's left us of poor mortal's flesh-and-blood estate
Lies asleep now — where the silence and the fragrant soft night
winds
Sweep on across fair Arlington's home of holy shrines.
And where, over in the sunshine, from its scintillating points
The figure, bronze and noble, of the South glows and anoints
With its passion, deep and passive, this good woman, this
sweet wife,
While its melody artistic sings her eulogy through life !
But she's left us yet a sentiment whose sweet aroma clings
With fervid fastness ever through changeless glows of springs;
A sentiment she lived for and loved and loved so long
As "Dixie" lives, immortalized in story and in song.
And perhaps we'll hear the echo of those heartbeats, now
asleep
In the inspiration given, in the promises that keep,
To filter through the centuries unborn, as strong again,
And live untarnished ever in the hearts of Southern men.
Chevy Chase, Md.
Maj. Holmes Conrad.
Maj. Holmes Conrad, the noted constitutional lawyer of
Virginia, one of the few remaining old-time Virginia coun-
selors, died at his home, in Winchester, in the seventy-sixth
year of his age. He was for three years Commander of
Camp No. 171, U. C. V., of the District of Columbia, and was
greatly loved and esteemed by his Confederate comrades.
Major Conrad had been before the public eye of the nation
for many years, first as Solicitor General of the United States
during the second administration of President Cleveland. He
had also served as Assistant Attorney-General of the United
States, and in these capacities he handled many important
cases for the government. After retirement from government
service he continued to practice his profession in Washing-
ton. He was a warm personal friend of President McKinley.
and was also highly appreciated by President Roosevelt
who selected him as special counsel for the government in
the Post Office Department fraud cases.
Major Conrad's last appearance before the United States.
Supreme Court was in April of this year, when he repre-
sented Virginia in her noted case against West Virginia.
Major Conrad came of a family prominent in the affairs of
Virginia. He was born in Winchester January 31, 1840, and
was educated at the old Winchester Academy, at the Virginia
Military Institute at Lexington, and at the University of Vir
ginia. Upon the outbreak of the War between the Sates he
enlisted as a private in Company A, 1st Virginia Cavalry, and
in 1862 he was made first sergeant. He was transferred
later on to the nth Virginia Cavalry, becoming its adjutant,
and in 1864 he was made major and inspector general of the
cavalry division under Gen. T. L. Rosser.
MAJ. HOLMES CONRAD.
In addition to being an active and successful lawyer for
many years, Major Conrad was also identified with many
public and private enterprises in Winchester.
Major Conrad was the last of five brothers who saw active
service in the cause of the Confederacy. The eldest, Dr.
Daniel Burr Conrad, a surgeon in the United States navy,
resigned and entered the Confederate navy; Powell Conrad
was in the engineering department of the Confederate army;
Charles Frederick Conrad served as a private in the nth Vir-
ginia Cavalry; and Frank E. Conrad served as a private in
the famous battery commanded by Col. R. Preston Chew.
Major Conrad was twice married and is survived by hie-
second wife, three sons, and three daughters.
Qopfederat^ l/eterarj.
31
Capt. Alfred B. Avery.
Capt. Alfred Benton Avery, for ten years in the government
service on the Isthmus of Panama, died there in October,
1915, at the age of seventy-nine years. He was born in New-
port, Ala., and spent his boyhood in that vicinity. In 1859 he
was married to Miss Harriet Beale, of Columbus County, Ga„
and then located at Tuskegee, Ala. When the War between
the States came on, he was one of the first to answer the call
to arms and was made a captain in the 45th Alabama Regi-
ment. He was wounded twice, but each time returned to his
command and fought bravely until the last year of the war,
when he was taken prisoner at the battle of Franklin, Tenn..
sent to Johnson's Island Prison, and held until the close of
the war. He then engaged in business at Meridian, Miss.,
until 1902, when he joined his son, James Avery, in Oakdale.
Pa., and in 1905 he and his son went to the Isthmus of Pana-
ma in the service of the government.
Captain Avery was an honorary member of the local Post
of Veterans of Foreign Wars at Cristobal and was the only
Confederate veteran living on the Isthmus. His death oc-
curred at the Ancon Hospital, and a delegation from the Post
accompanied his remains to Cristobal, where the funeral serv-
ices were held and his body laid to rest in Mount Hope Ceme-
tery. The flag-draped coffin was borne to the cemetery on a
gun carriage, and over his grave a volley was fired and the
bugle sounded the "last call." Of the four pallbearers, one
had seen service in China, one in Cuba, one in the Philippines,
and one was the son of a veteran of the War between the
States. In the escort were several young soldiers of the Sons
of Veterans, with Major Grove, Chief Quartermaster of the
Panama Canal.
Captain Avery is survived bj his wife, son, two daugh-
ters (Mrs. John Barnes, of Montana, and Mrs. E. A. Ram-
sey, of Monroe, N. C), and one grandchild (Mrs. H. Irl John-
son, of Sheffield, Ala., President of the Mildred Lee Chap-
ter. U. D. C).
Capt. L. D. Hockersmith.
The death of Capt. L. D. Hockersmith, in April, 1915, re-
moved an interesting figure, for he was the last survivor of
those daring raiders of Morgan's who made their escape from
the prison at Columbus, Ohio. Of the whole seventy who
were in that prison at the time, only two now survive — Gen.
Basil Duke and Kx-Governor McCrcary, of Kentucky.
Captain Hockersmith was born in Lawrenceburg, Ky., but
went to Louisville when a few years old ; and at the age of
twenty-two he located in Madisonville and there plied his
trade as a brick mason, becoming one of the best of his call-
ing. When the war came on he went to Tennessee and joined
John Morgan's command. He was at first a third lieutenant,
but later was made captain of Company C, 10th Kentucky
Cavalry. He was one of the guard of honor at the marriage
of General Morgan to Miss Ready, of Murfreesboro. He fol-
lowed Morgan in that noted raid into Ohio and was captured,
with the greater part of the command, and taken to Johnson's
Island, but later sent to Columbus, where the officers were
confined. It was Captain Hockersmith who discovered that
there was some sort of passageway under the prison, and he
started the work of cutting through the cement floor with an
old case knife. The plan worked all right, the men taking
turns in working at night until an opening was made into the
old tunnel, and their escape was easy.
Captain Hockersmith was not only a brave soldier, but it
is perhaps as a citizen that his life shines out best. He had
been a devoted member of the Methodist Church for more
than sixty years and was a Mason and Shriner. No man who
ever lived in Madisonville was more genuinely loved and re
spected by all.
Capt. James L. McGann.
It is my sad privilege to announce to the remnant of that
gallant throng who once marched so proudly beneath the
Stars and Bars that another of their comrades has dropped
from the ranks and joined the colors in the march triumphant
on the other shore. The bugle has sounded its requiem, and
the drum has beat its last tattoo over all that was mortal of
James L. McGann
He was born on the
17th of January, 1840.
and died October 12.
1915. He celebrated
his majority by en-
listing as a soldier
in the Confederate
army and served as a
member of Barteau's
2d Tennessee Regi-
ment, Morton's Bat
tery, Bell's Brigade.
Jackson's Division.
Forrest's Cavalry
He was personally en-
gaged in the battles
of Parker's Cross-
roads, Okolona, Fort
Pillow, Memphis,
Brice's Crossroads,
Harrisburg, Johnson-
Capt. j. l. m'gann. viI,e- Franklin, Ath
ens. Sulphur Trestle.
Iuka, Corinth, Bay Springs, Hood's Raid, Scottsville, and
Gainesville. No soldier who followed the dauntless Forrest
through his campaigns needs any one to attest to his courage
or vouch for his loyalty. To be of Forrest's command was to
laugh at danger and defy privations.
To the end of his life James McGann was true to the prin-
ciples for which he fought. The Confederacy was a cause
sacred to him, and its memories were among his most cher-
ished recollections. In politics he was a Democrat of the old-
time variety. He went astray after no new fads, no modern
inventions of the catch-vote kind. As a citizen he was modest
and retiring, as chivalrous and courteous as a Bayard, demand-
ing tli.it respect from all which he extended to all. He was a
truthful man, scrupulously honest, loyal to friends as he was
to principles. Having lived a life of seventy-five years in this
community, he left it without a reproach upon his name. As
a husband and father he was an example that all might fol-
low. For years before her death his wife was an invalid, and
during this time he waited upon her with a tenderness and
devotion that was the admiration of all who saw it.
Captain McGann lived his life without ever having been
confined to his bed by sickness, and when his end came he
died without pain or fear of the future. He laid him down
to his last sleep like "one who wraps the drapery of his
couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams."
With sincere regard for the friendship that existed between
us. it is in sadness that I place this humble tribute to his
memory.
fj. W. Reid. Franklin. Tenn.]
3?
Qoijfederat^ l/eteraij.
f/p
W II III. IK.
William W. Wheeler.
William Watie Wheeler answered the last roll call at Salli-
saw, Okla., February 15, 1915, after a prolonged illness. On
the following day his remains were taken to Fort Smith, Ark.,
and interred in Oak Cemetary, where rest the ashes of many
others of his kindred. His funeral services at Sallisaw were
largely attended, all the business houses of the town being
closed, and there was a large concourse of friends and ac-
quaintances at the
final services in Fort
Smith, which were
conducted under the
auspices of the B. P.
O. E. He was a
member of Joe
Wheeler Camp, No.
1800. U. C. V.. of
Sallisaw, and the
Knights of Honor,
also a member of the
Methodist Episcopal
Church. South.
William Wheeler
was born in Fort
Smith, Ark., in 1847.
His father. Judge
John F. Wheeler, was
a native of Kentucky,
who went to the old
Cherokee Nation in
Georgia early in the
last century, emigrat-
ing westward when the Cherokees were driven from their
homes in that country. His mother was Miss Nancy P. Watie,
a sister of Brig. Gen. Stand Watie. the famous Cherokee sol-
dier, who rendered the Confederate government such efficient
service in the Indian Territory and Western Arkansas during
the War between the States. He was also a close kinsman of
L. B. (Hoolie) and James Bell, both of whom rendered dis-
tinguished service in General Watie's brigade.
William Wheeler's tender years prevented his entering the
Confederate army when hostilities began, but two years later
he joined the command of his uncle. General Watie, and
served with it until the end. His brother, John C. Wheeler,
also served with the same command. Upon his return from
the army he followed various occupations for about ten years,
when, at the instance of the people of Fort Smith, he entered
the lists for political favors. In 1876 he was elected town-
ship constable, serving practically without opposition for four
years. Later he was made chief of police and held that posi-
tion for four years. He rendered efficient service in the con-
duct of both offices. About twenty years ago he removed to
Sallisaw, Cherokee Nation, and became an important factor
in the development of that city. He engaged for a number of
years in fruit-growing and stock-raising, and at the time of
his depth he was interested in various enterprises.
In 1868 Mr. Wheeler was married to Miss Emma C. Car-
nall, daughter of Col. John Carnall. one of the pioneers of
Western Arkansas, who survives him with eight of the nine
children born to this union, all of whom are respected citi-
zens of Sallisaw. His sister. Mrs. Argyle Quesenbury, is
the sole survivor of a family of eight, and her husband also
served for four years under the Stars and Bars.
Mr. Wheeler had a large circle of friends and acquaintances,
and those who knew him best loved him most. His success
in life was unusual, but his ambitions were unselfish and his
modesty most admirable. \s a man he was true, capable,
and honorable, the highest type represented by that word of
signal, simple praise— gentleman,
John A. Snrll.
John A. Snell, of Columbus, Miss., died at his home, in Co-
lumbus, "ii October 12. 11)15. He was born in Lowndes County
in 1846 and spent his boyhood days on the farm. His parents
were of the old-fashioned type and reared their children to
fear and love God and to be kind to their brother man. In
the early part of 1863, while a boy of only sixteen years, he
kit school and responded to the call of his country, enlisting
in Company I, dth Mississippi Cavalry Regiment. Forrest's
command. From that date he was in active service until July
14. 1S64. when he was wounded in the battle of Harrisburg,
near Tupelo. Miss., losing a leg, which was shot away by a
shell while his command wis charging the enemy's breast-
works.
When quite a young man lie was united in marriage to Miss
Mattie Bryant, of Lowndes County. They moved to Colum-
bus, and for many years he was engaged in the mercantile
business there. His life was an honorable and useful one.
He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church and
was loved and respected by all who knew him. Several times
he was chosen by his fellow citizens to positions of honor and
trust, and at the time of his death he was a member of the
city council. He died, as he had lived, a Christian gentleman,
at peace with God and man.
I offer this tribute to the memory of the friend of my youth,
my comrade in arms, and my associate day by day for the
past forty years. Gin D. Harris.
I (KVILI.K J. MOAT.
Orville J. Moat was an honored member of Camp No. 171.
U. C. V., District of Columbia, for many years. He died Sep-
tember 17, 1915, in the city of Philadelphia, leaving a sorrow-
ing widow, Mrs. Ella
B. Moat, now residing
in Baltimore, who
was Treasurer of the
Arlington Memorial
Fund of the Robert
E. Lee Chapter, U.
D. C, of the District
of Columbia, for a
long wdiile.
Comrade Moat was
a member of Com-
pany B, 4th Tennes-
see Cavalry, C. S. A.,
and took part in all
of the great battles
fought in Tennessee,
Georgia, and the
Carolinas. He had
ouville 1. MOAT. been appointed on
the general staff of
the lieutenant general commanding Forrest's Cavalry Corps
at the late Reunion at Richmond. Va., with the rank of
Colonel and A. D. C.
Qopfcderat^ Veterar?.
33-
T. VV. Ilk \\ MAM.
J. W. Branham.
J. VV. Branham was born at Eatonton, Ga., July 27, 1841,
and died on July 30, 1015. He was the oldest son of Walter
R. and Elizabeth Flournoy Branham and spent most of his
life at Oxford. Ga. He volunteered from his county in April.
1861. at twenty years of age, and remained throughout the
war. Joining the
Macon Volunteers.
2d Georgia Battalion.
he went with his com-
pany to Norfolk and
was in the battles of
Malvern Hill, Rapi-
dan, near Fredericks-
burg, Gettysburg, and
in many engagements
around Petersburg.
lie was also in tin
lighting around S
vannah. and for a
considerable time he
Irillmaster there
is made colonel
of his regimen t.
though he nev.
1 his formal
amission. He was
a member of the sam< companj as tin- famous Georgia poet.
Sidney Lanier, who played the flute beautifully. Mr. Bran-
ham Sang will, ami these- two with their music brought much
cheer and joy to their comrades around the eamp fire.
Comrade Branham had been a member of Jefferson-Lamar
Camp. V. C. V., of Covington, Ga., since its organization, and
his comrades feel their loss deeply. He was a brave soldiet
in the war and jusl as brave in peace. Bi > his bright.
noble, cheerful, ami rare spirit he had many friends in all
parts of the State. lie was a consistent member of the Meth-
odist Church from childhood.
[By Capt. N C. Carr, of Jefferson-Lamar Camp. U. C V.l
Willi \m B, Speaks,
William Booker Spears died on October 4 at the Old
Masons' Home, near Shelbyville, Ky. He was next to th<
oldest Mason in Kentucky. "Uncle Billy." as he was called,
was born in Springfield. Ky., April 5. i8_>.s\ and was a son of
the late David 11. and Elizabeth Gibbons Spears. In 1864 he
joined the Masonic order when but twenty-one years of age
Upon the outbreak of the War between the States he joined
the forces of the Confederacy and fought throughout the war.
Comrades say that the Southern cause had no braver nor
more loyal soldier than Billy Spears, known to his fellow
soldiers as "Tobe." He was a member of Company A, 16th
Kentucky Infantry, which was a regiment of the famous
Orphan Brigade, whose charge at Stones River rivaled in
bravery and reckless daring the charge of the "Old Guard"
at Waterloo. Upon the conclusion of the war he returned to
Springfield, where he made his home until March, 191 1, when,
because of his advanced age, he entered the Masonic Home at
Shelbyville.
Mr. Spears was married to Miss Mary Jane Hundley, who
was his faithful wife and constant companion until her death,
fifteen years ago. Both were devoted Christians, and largely
through their efforts the Methodist Church of that community
was kept alive.
k. P, I). Broi
R. P. D. Brooks, better known as "Dick" Brooks, son of
Walker and Sarah Brooks, of Coweta County, Ga.. was borm
January 10, 1841. He enlisted in the Confederate army in
April, 1862, as a member of the 12th Georgia Battalion, under
Captain Harvey and Major Capers, and was in continuous
service until the second battle of Cold Harbor, when hi
shot through the lungs. The wound was so severe that it was
thought he could no) but he was cared for by his
comrade, William McMillan, until he could be removed to
the field hospital and given proper attention Hi was thought
to be dead and left there when the wounded were sent off;
but later, when discovered to be still living, he was sent to
the hospital in Richmond and finally became able to go home.
For fifty years he survived that desperate injury, but was
never St] Mis death occurred on October 27, 1915. Six
rippled old comrades were his pallbearers, each with his
stronger hand to the casket, the other grasping a stick— a
pathetic sight. And so he was laid to that rest which means
no m..re waking to suffering, the rest that is promised to
him who has "fought the good fight."
W. H. Johnson
W. H. Johnson was born July 1. 1841, and died September
'/• 1915. 'n the Turner Hospital, in Meridian. Miss., where
he had gone a few days before for a surgical operation. He
enlisted in the Confederate army July 1. 1861. as a member
impany 1. 8th Mississippi Regiment. He was twice
1 the battle of Franklin. Tenn., and
was in prison at Camp Douglas, Chicago, 111., at the sur-
render of General
Lee. He got back
home July I, 18(15.
He was a true and
loyal member of Jas-
per County Camp,
U. C. V.. and at-
tended all the meet-
ings as long as he
was able.
Comrade Johnson
was married to Miss
Mary McMillan in
1867 and settled on a
farm. He was suc-
cessful and accumu-
lated some property.
He had the respect
and confidence of all
who knew him. both
white and black ; was
nerous to a fault
and never failed to aid the helpless and indigent. He was
truly a Christian gentleman and a loyal member of the Bap-
tist Church. He was happy in all his domestic relations, was
a tender and devoted husband and a kind, indulgent father to
three devoted daughters. He was for many years an honored
member of the Masonic fraternity, and at his own request the
last sad rites of his interment win pronounced in the beauti-
ful burial ceremony of that order. He was laid to rest in
Fellowship Cemetery in the presence of a large concourse of
people by that order.
l'eaee be to thy ashes, brave, true, and loyal friend and
comrade of fifty years !
|M. A. Ryan. Ruse Hill. M'ss.l
w ■ . 11 fOH N SON
34
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai?
S. G. JENKINS.
Sherwood G. Jenkins.
Sherwood G. Jenkins died at his home, in Nolensville, Tenn.,
October 27, 1915. He was born near Nolensville April 14,
1843, and lived there all his life, except for the four years
in the Confederate army. In his seventeenth year he enlisted
in the famous Company F, Starnes's 4th Tennessee Cavalry.
He was commissary sergeant and always had plenty to eat
for his company. It
is needless to say that
he was a true soldier,
brave yet gentle.
There was no part of
his life of which he
was more proud than
the time spent in the
Confederate army.
On May 10, 1865, he
surrendered and was
paroled at Washing-
ton, Ga., with others
of Dibrell's Division
who had escorted
President Davis to
that point. When he
returned home, it was
to face the common
lot of the Confeder-
ate soldier — poverty.
In March, 1870. he
was happily married
to Miss Charlotte
Fowlkes, who survives him, with three sons and five daugh-
ters. He was a devoted husband and father, and as a friend
he was loyal and true. With his business ability, industry,
and pluck, he accumulated a competency of which any one
might be justly proud. He was one of the promoters of the
Bank of Nolensville and its president at the time of his death.
Truly, he was what is known as a "self-made man." He was
an honored member of Company F Association and attended
its last annual meeting on September 8, 1915. He was also a
charter member of Troop A, of Nashville, by which command
he was buried.
Maj. William C. Hamner.
Maj. William Clifton Hamner, of Water Valley, Miss., died
on December 23, 1914, in Memphis, Tenn., where he had gone
for hospital treatment. He was born in Holly Springs, Miss.,
July 26, 1842, and at the outbreak of the War between the
States he enlisted in the Southern army, serving through the
struggle with honor and courage as a member of Morgan's
command. He left his college at LaGrange to enlist. After
the war he entered the clerical service of the Illinois Central
Railroad of Water Valley and was one of the leading and
substantial citizens of that community. He always stood high
with the management of the interests he served and in the
estimation of his people, being the type of man who made
friends and held them by that spirit of manliness so charac-
teristic of his life and conduct. For many years he had been
a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. He was
laid to rest in Oak Hill Cemetery at Water Valley.
Major Hamner was married to Mrs. Hattie W. Longstreet,
of Oxford, Miss., and is survived by his son, Judge W. N.
Hamner, of Greenwood, and a stepson, David Longstreet, of
Chicago; also by two sisters, Mrs. Sallie Nannally, of Bir-
mingham. Ala., and Mrs. Louise Collins, of Water Valley.
Virgil S. Rabb, Sr.
The life of any man is of great benefit to the community in
which he lives if his efforts are directed toward its advance-
ment and he is honest, upright, and progressive. Such a man
was Virgil S. Rabb, Sr., a native of Fayette County, Tex.,
until his removal to Smithville some two years ago. He was
born on February 15, 1839, the son of John and Mary Crown-
over Rabb. His grandfather, William Rabb, was born in the
Keystone State, but at an early date removed his family to
near St. Louis, Mo., on the Illinois side of the river, where
he erected a water mill for grinding flour. He ran it suc-
cessfully, sold out, and moved to Washington, Ark., and from
there in 1822 to Texas, going with Austin's colony. He first
located on the west side of the Colorado River and built a
water mill on Rabb's Prairie, getting the stones from Scotland
and the rest of the material from New Orleans.
Virgil Rabb was educated at Rutersville College, Texas, and
in 1862 he joined the Confederate army as a member of Com-
pany I, 16th Texas Infantry. He was made third lieutenant
of his company, which served in the Trans-Mississippi De-
partment, and he took part in the battles of his command in
Louisiana, except when he was on leave of absence. Later he
was made captain of his company by general promotion and
was honorably discharged from the army at Hempstead.
Tex. After his return home he engaged in milling and farming
until 1884. when he removed to LaGrange and engaged in the
lumber business. Later he was at West Point, . Winchester,
and Smithville in the same business.
Comrade Rabb was married in 1869 to Miss Dulcie Ken-
nedy, and to them were born eight children, five of whom
survive. His death occurred at his home, in Smithville, on Oc-
tober 23, 1915.
Dr. George M. Burdett.
Dr. George M. Burdett was born in Wilkes County, near
Washington, Ga., January 5, 1838, a son of James and Mar-
garet McKinney Burdett. and the family is an old and promi-
nent one of Southern Georgia. He graduated from the
Augusta Medical College in February. 1861. In April, 1861,
he enlisted in the Confederate army at Crawfordsville, Ga.,
and was made a cor-
poral of Company D,
15th Georgia Regi-
ment, at its organiza-
tion. The command
was ordered to Vir-
ginia in October,
1861, and Dr. Bur-
dett was made as-
sistant surgeon and
served on hospital
duty with the 1st
Georgia at Richmond,
Va., remaining there
for nine months. He
was then assigned to
field duty as as-
sistant surgeon with
Col. Snowden An-
drews's battalion of
artillery, afterwards
Carter Braxton's battalion, Colonel Andrews having been dis-
abled. Dr. Burdett was under Stonewall Jackson for two
burdett.
Qoi}federat<? l/eterai).
35
and a half years. His full service in the Confederate army
was four years and one month. He was made full surgeon
with the rank of major in the fall of 1864.
After the surrender of the Confederate forces, Dr. Burdett
went to Leanoirs (now Lenoir City). Tenn., and was con-
nected with the Lenoir brothers' interests until 1890, when
the Lenoir Manufacturing Company went out of business. He
then resumed the practice of his profession. The call of suf-
fering always found him ready and willing to administer re-
lief, even at his own personal inconvenience and without com-
pensation always, for he did a great amount of charity prac-
tice. He was a life member of the East Tennessee Medical
Association and was known as a most efficient surgeon of
the Southern Railway for eighteen years.
In June. 1873, Dr. Burdett was married to Miss Eliza H.
Lenoir, daughter of W. II. Lenoir, and to them were born
eight children — two sons and six daughters — all surviving
him. Dr. Burdett and his wife were known far and wide for
their Southern hospitality. He was a man of strong convic-
tions and expressed them forcibly, yet his kindly feeling for
humanity and his pleasant greeting made him many friends.
His last years were happy with his children and grandchil-
dren. Of the latter, there are seventeen.
After a short illness, he died on November 5, 1915. By his
request, his burial was conducted by the Masonic fraternity.
Avery Lodge, No. 593, of Lenoir City, of which he was a
member. Truly of this faithful soldier and upright citizen it
can be said that he was never found wanting in any relation
of life.
James R. Joplin.
James Benjamin Joplin was born near Lynchburg. V'a.. Sep-
tember 10, 1838, and there his youth and early manhood were
spent in the prosperous days of an ante-bellum civilization.
At the outbreak of war he entered the Confederate army as
a private soldier in the 2d Virginia Cavalry under Col. T. T.
Munford, and in his service he represented the highest type
of soldier. He was several times offered an officer's commis-
sion, but his innate modesty kept him in the ranks as a private
soldier. He followed Stuart until his death and then Fitz-
hugh Lee until the close of the war. After he had fought
for his people, he returned to help them tight a war against
poverty and distress. Those days of so-called "peace" called
more loudly for men than had the days of awful war. During
the dark days of Reconstruction, of racial strife, of lawless-
ness and poverty he left Virginia and moved to Tennessee.
Near Franklin he met and married Miss Julia Bradley, like
himself, of high lineage. They went to Alabama and settled
near the little town of Gurley and later became residents of
the town until his death. August 18. 1915.
James Joplin was a man of the most lovable disposition, the
soul of that courtesy which means kindness of heart. He was
a most approachable man and took great interest in the wel-
fare of younger men. His quaint sense of humor and dis-
position to look on the bright side of life made him an en-
joyable companion. He was a member of the Methodist
Church and was esteemed by all his fellow men, regardless
of creed, for his many virtues. He was a devoted husband,
father, and grandfather. It was beautiful on that August day
when he was laid away in "God's Acre" to see the people of
his home town and the surrounding country unite in paying
his memory respect and honor. He lived a long and useful
life, and as ripe grain ready for the harvest his noble and just
spirit left its earthly tenement for one that is eternal.
R. V. Mill
Robert V. Houston.
Robert V. Houston was a Confederate veteran, and his old
comrades never had a more helpful friend nor one who did
more to make life pleasant for them. In the meetings of his
Camp he made the most obscure member feel that all barriers
between comrades were burned away by the fires of fellow-
ship and good will. He had a kindly word, a helping hand
for the unfortunate comrade. His heart was big, and his
comradeship and good
cheer will long be
missed.
Mr. Houston was a
native of Monroe, N.
C. and the only son
of the late H. M.
Houston, one of the
most prominent citi-
zens of his county.
He was born in 1848
and was but a boy
when he joined Capt.
C. M. McCauley's
company, 10th Bat-
talion of North Caro-
lina Artillery. He
was not only a good
soldier and a kind
companion to his com-
Irs in arms, but a
prominent man in civic life, having been mayor of Monroe
for a number of years. He also represented his county in
ihe legislature and ever stood for the things that tended to
the progress and betterment of his community. He was edu-
cated in the best schools of his section, and his fine mind and
great sense of humor made him welcome in any circle.
Mr. Houston was twice married, his first wife having been
Miss Lcssie Covington, daughter of Maj. D. A. Covington, a
prominent citizen of Union County. Of this union there are
three sons and two daughters surviving. His second mar-
riage was to Miss Nannie Stroud, of a prominent family of
South Carolina and great-granddaughter of the distinguished
soldier and minister. Rev. Humphrey Hunter, of Mecklen-
burg fame. She survives him. with a son and two daughters.
His death occurred at his home, in Monroe, on January 17,
1014. and as a soldier of the cross he met the last great enemy,
death, unafraid.
[By some unfortunate circumstance this notice did not have
attention at the proper time and appears now as tribute due
an honored patron and friend of the VETERAN. — F.ntTOR.l
John Wilson.
"I'ncle" John Wilson, for almost a quarter of a century
one of the best-known residents of Elkins. W. Va., died
there on November 15, [915, after a lingering illness. He was
born in Hardy County July J?. 1832, and served in the Con-
federate army :is a member of Company B. nth Virginia
Regiment, Rosser's Brigade. Butler's Division, Hampton's
Corps. After the war he conducted a hotel at Moorefield for
many years and some twenty-two years ago went to Elkins
and purchased the Randolph, which he conducted successfully
for a number of years. Later he resided in Philippi for a
short time, and for the past few years he had been connected
with his sons in the management of the Wilson Hotel. The
surviving children are three sons and a daughter.
36 Qoi}federat^ l/eterai).
Xftnitet) ©augbtevs of tbe Confederacy
Mrs. Frank G. Odenheimer, President General.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General. Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President General. Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Registrar General.
Mrs. Lula A. Lovell, Third Vice President General. Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian General.
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General. Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General. Mrs. W. K. Beard, Custodian Flags and Pennants
"Love Makes Memory Eternal."
THE PRESIDENT GEXERAL'S MESSAGE.
My Pear Daughters of the Confederacy: May my first greet-
ings to you in this joyous new year spread far and wide and
carry to one and all the deep appreciation I feel of the con-
fidence you have placed in me by making me your President
General! With your help and cooperation, I pledge myself
to do all in my power to merit your trust.
We all read in the November Confederate Veteran how
necessary it is that we now make every effort to sustain and
support it. It is our official paper, and its pages are always
open to us. Let us do what we can to get some of those neces-
sary five thousand subscribers and show our appreciation of
the man who devoted his life to the upbuilding of it and left
it as a heritage to us.
In the future all money raised for work undertaken by the
United Daughters of the Confederacy as a body must be sent
to the Treasurer General, Mrs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va., with
the exception of that raised for the Arlington and Shiloh
monuments.
The Daughters of the Confederacy badges are to be pro-
cured from the Second Vice President General, Mrs. Eliza-
beth B. Bashinsky, Troy, Ala.
Mrs. Magnus Thompson. Honorary President of our As-
sociation, a Daughter of the Confederacy in very truth, fell
peacefully asleep in Washington last month. She was termed
the "Mother of the Confederacy" in the District of Columbia,
she having organized the first U. D. C. Chapters there. She
organized the Division in 1904 and originated and sent out
the first call for a meeting to organize the Arlington Confed-
erate Memorial Association.
Congress is now in session, and Senator Works, of Cali-
fornia, will introduce the bill offered by him last session in
aid of indigent and afflicted Confederate men and women.
Although a Union veteran, he was the first prominent public
man to advocate that they be given a national home to be
supported by the government. This patriotic and philanthropic
action entitles him to our sincere regard and should endear
him to all of us. That gallant Confederate, Gen. Albert Esto-
pinal, will reintroduce the bill in the House. So, offered by
veterans of both armies, it may aptly be styled "the bill of the
blue and the gray." While the friends of the measure are
sanguine that it will pass both the Senate and the House with
probably no opposition, still we, dear Daughters, should do
all we can in aid thereof; hence I ask you to write to your
Senators and Congressmen, as many of you did last session,
and urge them to assist in the speedy passage of the bill. Our
veterans are all old men now and many of them afflicted and
indigent. The States are taxed beyond their means to aid
them. The condition of some of our dear old women is
indeed pitiable. A national home for both sexes will be a
boon.
The U. D. C. are unanimously in favor of the bill ; so are
General Young, Commander in Chief, and practically all the
veterans, as well as the Sons of Veterans, but none more
heartily than many Union veterans. The measure is not a
charity, but, as our beloved ex-President, Mrs. Cornelia
Branch Stone, of Texas, has aptly said, "our equity." The
South since 1865 has cheerfully paid her pro rata of over five
billion dollars to provide pensions and national homes for
Union veterans ; so now, when one of their representative
members. Senator Works, desires to reciprocate in a degree,
we would be both churlish and ungrateful to show want of
appreciation. Let us, therefore, impress upon our Senators
and Representatives that the Confederate element approves
of the bill and urge them to support the measure and work
for its speedy passage. The last days of our men and women
of the sixties should be made as happy and comfortable as
possible.
It is with regret that I have been unable to answer your
many letters of kindly good wishes. These letters are very
dear to me, and the answers are graven deep in my heart,
from which the echo loudly rings : "God bless you every one !"
Faithfully yours. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer,
President General U. D. C.
GREETINGS FROM THE OFFICIAL EDITOR.
With the remembrance and inspiration of the recent Con-
vention at San Francisco, when Western hospitality was at
its zenith and when fine work for the past year was reported
by Divisions represented, new vigor and interest in matters
referring to the work of the Daughters of the Confederacy
are evidently uppermost in all minds in this beginning of an-
other year. It is but natural to expect the U. D. C. depart-
ment of the Veteran to teem with news from the different
States.
The General Convention at San Francisco saw the culmina-
tion of the magnificent administration of Mrs. Daisy Mc-
Laurin Stevens as President General, and coupled with the
widespread admiration for her personally was that endearing
feeling toward her from her Daughters because she had ful-
filled her mission so well and left the general order better in
every way than when she first assumed the duties of chief
executive of one of the largest organizations of women in
the world.
Fortunate, indeed, was this order to have given them as
their new President General. Mrs. Cordelia Powell Oden-
heimer, of Maryland, whose ability as an executive is so well
known. Mrs. Odenheimer is a brilliant woman, endowed with
much that will fit her for her high office, and she has the
tenets of the U. D. C. close to her heart. The prospects for
a brilliant administration are before her, and under her wise
Qopfederat^ l/eterag.
37
ruling it may be forecasted that success awaits all that are
working to perfect the many things tributary to the results
sought by the Daughters of the Confederacy.
The editor in chief has changed her residence to Atlanta.
Ga., and her street address is but temporary. Address her
at 61 West Harris Street. Apartment No. I. until further
advised.
Again it is necessary to ask Division editors to refrain from
sending long articles, as they cannot be used, and it is diffi-
cult for the editor in chief to use her judgment as to the most
important news contained therein. It is better to send short
items each month.
Wishing every Daughter a bright and joyous new year and
with continued faith in them that they will aid in making the
department for the future one of interest, redounding to the
good of the order, I run. with love and loyalty.
Lilian C. Perkins. Editor U. D. C. Dept.
/i/.s / RH i OF COLl MBIA DIVISh
S\ MRS. r.WLOR ". TIMBERLAKE, STONEWALL JACKSON CHAPTER,
NO. _>0. WASH INCTONj I'. C.
The Daughters of the Confederacy in the nation's capital
are verj proud of the opportunity to tell the Vl ik\n's read-
ers of the splendid work we are doing under the able leader-
ship of our President. Mrs. Maude Howell Smith We have
just held our elrwnth annual cention, which voiced the
deep regard in which our President is held by our Division
by unanimously reelecting her. ["he following officers were
elected: President. Mrs Maude Howell Smith. Dixie Chapter;
First Vice President, Mrs. Frank Elmore, A. R. Lawton Chap-
ter; Second Vice President. Mrs. Belle C. Riley. R. E. Lee
Chapter; Recording Secretary, Miss Alice Theobald. Winnie
Davis Chapter; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Hattie Bowie,
Stonewall _laek-.on Chapter; Treasurer, Miss Ida Hill Bowie,
Winnie Davis Chapter; Registrar, Mrs. Roberta Von 11 Vol-
land, R. E. Lee Chapter; Historian, Mrs. Wallace Strcater.
R. E. Lee Chapter; Recorder of Crosses, Mrs. Gustavus Wer
ber, Stonewall Jackson Chapter; Parliamentarian, Mrs. James
ttslin, Stonewall Jackson Chapter; Auditor. Miss Isabel Sin-
clair, R. E. Lee Chapter; Custodian. Miss Virginia Griffith.
Winnie Davis Chapter. Chaplain, Mrs. Stephen Ford, l\ E
Lee Chapter, Directress of the Mildred Lee Chapter, Children
of the Confederacy. Mrs. S. H. Ford.
The afternoon session, which wras opened by the singing of
"Dixie." was taken up with the reports of Division officers,
Chapter presidents, and committee chairmen. l"he evening
session was opened with the singing of "Maryland, My Mary-
land" as a special compliment to our new President General,
Mrs. Odenhcimer, who honored us with her presence. Her
delightful address was concluded with a stirring appeal for
1 preparednes-. which so enthused the convention that Mrs.
Smith was directed to call a special meeting to discuss pre-
1 paredness and draw up suitable resolutions on the subject.
Mrs. Odenheimer was then presented with flowers by the
Division, which were accepted in her own gracious manner.
The one shadow over the convention, brightened only by
the glowing example of her Christian life and unselfish devo-
tion to the beloved cause, was the absence of our dear late
' Honorary President, Mrs. Magnus S. Thompson, who departed
this life on November 7, 1915. Impressive funeral services
were held in the Confederate Memorial Home, which was so
near and dear to her heart and for which she labored so un-
tiringly and unselfishly. She was laid to rest in Arlington
Cemetery Memorial services were held at the Home Sunday
evening, December 5. when addresses were made by Mrs. F. G.
Odenheimer, Mrs. Maude Howell Smith, and Capt. Fred Beall,
Commander Camp of Confederate Veterans. At Mrs. Smith's
suggestion the last words of Mrs. Thompson to our Division
President. "Do something big for the Home this year," were
adopted as our motto, and as a memorial to ber each Daugh-
ter is pledging herself to 1 ■ amount to be applied
to the debt on the Home.
Cannot each Daughter in ou organization take to
heart these inspiring words of this noble Daughter of the
South and "do something big this year"? Do it, dear Daugh-
ters, for one of the ful causes foi winch our
United Dan'
rni CAROLINA CONVENTION.
BY At. Mil A \. WOODSON.
ii 1 arolina Division held its nineteenth annual
g with the Ed v. 1 pter, oi Aiken, November
1915. Many beautiful addresses were made during the
is, and our reports evidenced much improvement along
all lines of Chapter a in activity. According to these
reports, So second in historical work, the
impetus tor which is due to Miss Marj B !' ppenheim's
initial work in Honor Roll work, and second only to
Virginia 111 both ol these, Virginia with her three hundred
Chapters; third in subscriptions to Shiloh, although she has
no sons Imiied there; third m her subscriptions to Arlington;
Eth in her ms to the Davis fund. Her per cap-
'a tax rati is sixth, and yet she stands seventeenth in order
of holding offio on the I icecu d She is one of the
■ in 1 D. I work and has had representation
on the General Board for only tin Hence, with a
feeling that sin deserved better recognition, when the name
of Miss Man B. Poppenheim, of Charleston, was proposed
bj Mrs. C. E. Graham, oi Grei as a candidate for
ni General in mi;. th< applause was loud and long.
South Carolina could find no Daughter better fitted to till this
high office, nor could any State show a woman who has done
more than Miss Poppenheim in the interests of the United
Daughters, She has served South Carolina as President and
Historian and foi years has been dm 'tor for South Carolina
for the Shiloh Monument Committee. She is Chairman of
the Scholarship Committee, and under her wise leadership
many new scholarships havi bet So South Carolina
thinks that her candidate is exceedinglj well fitted for the
office.
Among the other business transacted by the Convention
was a much-needed revision of our State constitution. This
1 make it more perfectly accord with the general con-
stitution.
One important decision was to have the President appoint,
on recommendation of the State Historian, one Historian
for each district in the Division, who shall form the Historical
Committee, with the State Historian as Chairman. This is a
wise measure, as each of these will have charge of the histor-
ical work 111 her district, and the State Historian will be
relieved of much work.
Election of officers resulted in the choice of the following :
President. Mrs. J. L. McWhirter, Jonesville; First Vice Presi-
dent. Mrs. John Cart, Orangeburg; Second Vice President.
Miss Mary Williams, Yorkville; Third Vice President, Mrs.
A. G. Sinclair, Bennettsville ; Fourth Vice President, Miss
38
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
Birdie Smith, Greer ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. J. W. Mixson,
Union ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Walter Duncan, Aiken ;
Treasurer, Mrs. W. H. Cely, Greenville; Historian, Mrs. C.
McC. Patrick, Anderson ; Registrar, Mrs. T. R. Tremmier,
Spartanburg; Recorder of Crosses, Mrs. M. J. Perry, Lan-
caster; Auditor, Mrs. Anna C. Ancrum, Camden.
The next meeting of the Convention will be held with the
William Wallace Chapter, of Union.
VIRGINIA DIVISION, U. D. C.
BY MRS. GLASSELL FITZHUGH, CHARLOTTESVILLE.
Virginia Division, U. D. C, sends hearty greetings to sister
Divisions and wishes for each of them a most prosperous
and successful new year.
Albemarle Chapter, No. I, is waxing warm and enthusiastic
over establishing a memorial fund "from the dead to the living
veterans." Hearty responses have been made to the appeal.
A plan is now on foot to organize an auxiliary Chapter.
J. E. B. Stuart Chapter, of Staunton, has placed handsome
Virginia State flags over the two public schools. It has now
ordered its third flag for the Deaf and Blind Institute, located
at Staunton. This is one of the most flourishing and wide-
awake Chapters in our Division.
I have the great privilege and pleasure of announcing that
Virginia won the Raines banner, offered by the U. D. C. for
the best historical work last year. By the efforts of Mrs. J.
E. Alexander a new Chapter, known as Welby Carter Chapter,
has been organized at Upperville, with Mrs. Sophie Carter
Richardson as President.
On November I, 1915, a most enthusiastic gathering met at
the beautiful home of Mrs. Ogle Taylor, at King George
Courthouse, and formed the King George Chapter, with
twenty-four members, Mrs. Frank Taylor being made Presi-
dent. Much interest was manifested, and wc have every
reason to hope for a flourishing Chapter there.
Another new Chapter was organized at Fredericksburg,
with thirty-six charter members, taking for its name Marye's
Heights Chapter, electing Mrs. John T. Goolrick President.
The fourth new Chapter was formed December 3, 1915,
drawing its members from Tinkling Springs, Stuart's Draft,
and Fisherville. The name C. R. Mason was adopted, thus
paying a just tribute to the great hero of the Confederate war,
Jackson's bridge builder. It was through his wonderful in-
genuity in this respect that General Jackson was enabled to
make those forced marches which immortalized his name.
The junior auxiliaries in our Division are becoming an
important factor. To these Junior Chapters is offered a flag,
the last flag of the Confederacy, to the Chapter formed this
year having the greatest number of members ; and to the one
doing the best historical work, a State flag.
The annual Grand Camp of Confederate Veterans of Vir-
ginia met in Fredericksburg this year. One of the most
pleasing features of the reunion was the trip to the different
battle fields — Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Todd's Tavern,
Bloody Angle, and Spottsylvania Courthouse. A marker was
placed and dedicated at the old home of Commodore Matthew
Fontaine Maury during the reunion. A brilliant reception and
many other entertainments were given under the auspices of
the Fredericksburg Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy.
The parade was a long and interesting line, Veterans, Sons,
Daughters, sponsors, maids, and school children taking part.
The reunion closed with praise for the splendid hospitality
and patriotism displayed by the city of Fredericksburg.
THE PITTSBURGH CHAPTER.
A Chapter of Daughters of the Confederacy has been or-
ganized in Pittsburgh, Pa., with twenty-five charter members.
It is No. 1605 in the general organization and is the third
Chapter now in the State of Pennsylvania, the other two Chap-
ters being the Dabney H. Maury Chapter, which has heretofore
belonged to the Virginia Division, and the Philadelphia Chap-
ter, of which Mrs. Frederick Oates, the founder of the Pitts-
burgh Chapter, was formerly President. Mrs. Oates met with
other ladies at the home of Mrs. George Frederick Fletcher
and perfected the organization of the Chapter. The officers
are: President, Mrs. George Frederick Fletcher; First Vice
President, Mrs. John Pryor Cowan ; Second Vice President,
Mrs. Charles C. Bunton ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Freder-
ick Marshall ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. F. C. Barring-
ton ; Treasurer, Mrs. Harry P. Easton ; Recorder of Crosses
of Honor, Mrs. E. V. Emmert ; Registrar, Mrs. J. Morgan
Hall; Historian, Mrs. Fanny L. Huff; Chaplain, Rev. Robert
Nelson Meade.
The next meeting of the Chapter will be held on January 19,
and it will be a social occasion, with an honor guest to speak.
HISTORIAN GENERAL'S PAGE.
MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, GA.
["Historical Sins of Omission and Commission," address de-
livered at San Francisco, is now ready for distribution. Send
postage; one cent per copy. All material for State Historians
will be sent express collect unless otherwise directed.]
A New Year's Greeting.
Another year is before us, Daughters of the Confederacy,
with all its hopes, aspirations, and possibilities. We must use
the days wisely and well in collecting and preserving the his-
tory that is so valuable to us.
The work of the past year has shown a marvelous advance
over former years, for the reason that there has been a sys-
tematic study of history by the majority of the Chapters, and
greater interest than ever before has been manifested by in-
dividual members in securing reminiscences from veterans and
collecting clippings from old newspapers that have been hid-
den away for years. These clippings have been sent to me as
precious legacies in order that I may file and preserve them
in the volumes prepared for the U. D. C. The trust reposed
in your Historian General is greatly appreciated.
The San Francisco Convention gave me permission to take
to the Confederate Museum at Richmond, Va., the fifty vol-
umes now ready just as soon as they are properly indexed,
so that historians may secure these verified truths concern-
ing the South which we have been enabled to collect.
There is much material on hand sent by Chapters which is
not on the authorized size of paper and consequently will not
fit the binders. It is greatly desired that some one will
donate a sufficient amount to have this matter typewritten,
so that it can enter history. Some State volumes will lack
material to fill them, while other States will possibly have
material to fill two or three extra volumes.
I wish to thank you for again honoring me as your His-
torian General, and I ask your hearty cooperation to make
this last year of service in this office the best I have yet had.
I must also express thanks to the veterans for valuable as-
sistance in my work. God bless and keep them long with us!
If we can only arouse the same interest in collecting and pre-
serving history on the part of the Sons of Veterans and keep
Qopfederatf Ueterap.
39
the children's interest alive, we shall accomplish great things
this year.
At San Francisco and at Thomasville, when our Georgia
Division met, I urged that every Daughter of the Confederacy
should become a subscriber to the Confederate Veteran.
This magazine has been the greatest agent we have had for
preserving and disseminating Confederate history, and the
present management is keeping it up to the highest ideals of
the past. In it this year will be found messages from the
Veterans, messages from the Daughters of the Confed-
eracy, messages from the Sons of Veterans, and monthly
programs of study for the Children of the Confederacy, as
well as for the Daughters. Put this magazine into every home,
every school library, and every public library in your State.
This would be a monument most after our Mr. Cunningham's
desire.
A happy New Year to one and all — a year filled with great
prosperity and peace and a year Tilled with earnest activities
in seeking after truth !
RITUAL FOR U. D. C. AND C. OF C. IN HISTORICAL
STUDY OF PROGRAMS.
Responsive Service.
Leader : "We have met together, our Heavenly Father, to
study and to discover the truth of history. Keep out of our
hearts all bitterness, knowing that bitterness engenders strife ;
keep out of our minds all narrowness, knowing that narrow-
ness weakens character ; keep out of our hearts all injustice,
knowing that injustice is sinful. May wo measure ourselves
by thy measuring rod and give to all their due fully, freely,
and fairly!"
All: "Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle'' who shall
dwell in thy holy hill? He that walketh uprighty, and work-
eth righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart. He
that slandereth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his
friend, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbor. In
whose eyes a vile person is contemned : but he honoreth them
that fear the Lord. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and
changeth not. He that putteth not out his money to usury,
nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these
things shall never be moved." (Ps. xv.1
Leader: "Let the words of our mouths and the meditations
of our hearts be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, our Rock
and our Redeemer Amen."
I
1916.
P. C. PROGRAM, JANUARY
Lee and Jackson.
Part / Robert Edward Lcc (January 19. 1807-October
12, 1S70).
1. Inherited characteristics of Robert E. Lee. anecdotes of
home life.
2. Whence came his power as a leader of men ?
3. Tell of his influence as a teacher.
4. Give tributes paid him as a Christian and scholar.
Reading: "Marse Robert Is Asleep."
Pari II. Thomas Jonathan Jackson (January 21. 1824-63).
1. Contrast the early training of Lee and Jackson.
2. Whence came Jackson's power as a leader of men ? Why
called "Stonewall"?
3. Give tributes to him as a Christian soldier and scholar.
4. Relate the circumstances of his death and how it changed
the fortunes of war.
Reading : "Stonewall Jackson's Way.'
References: "Life of General Lee" (Fitzhugh Lee), "Remi-
niniscences of Lee" (J. William Jones), "Christ in the Camp"
(J. William Jones), "Life of Thomas J. Jackson" (Hender-
son). "The South in the Building of the Nation" (Volumes I.,
VII.. IX.. X. XL, XII. Sold by J. S. Clark, Birmingham,
Ala.), "The Library of Southern Literature" (Volume X1Y
Sold by Martin & Hoyt Company. Atlanta. Ga.).
U. D. C PROGRAM. FEBRUARY. 1010 \
Reconstruction Days in the South.
1 Answers to be found in address of Historian General at
San Francisco, Cal.. "Historical Sins of Omission and Com-
mission," pages 25-29.)
1. "Condition of the North and South at the close of the
War between the States." Cook.
2, "Plunder of the Eleven States." Voorhees
3, "The Unconstitutionality of the Fifteenth Amendment."
licle.
4. Charles Francis Adams's views in regard to Keconstruc-
i> ics.
5 Necessity of the Ku-Klux Klan. Reference. "The Ku-
kluv Klan." by Mrs ?. E. F Rose, West Point, Miss
C. OF C. PROGRAM, JANUARY. 1916.
Robert Edward Lee. January 19, i8o"-October 12, 1870
1. Describe Stratford, General Lee's home. Tell some-
thing of his father and mother, with anecdotes connected with
his boyhood.
2. Give the names of his brothers and sisters and relate
-"ino incidents connected with them in the home.
3. Describe Cumberland Island and how it was associated
with the Lee family.
4 Tell what you know of Robert E. Lee's school days and
name some of his teachers.
5. Give some incidents connected with his life at West Point,
his life as an engineer, and his life as a soldier in the Mexi-
1 War.
i>. Give his reason for joining the Confederate fori'
stead of remaining with the Union army.
7. Tell all that you can find about his camp life and Chris-
tian influence over his soldiers.
X Why did he surrender? When did he surrender? Where
did he surrender? Relate the myth about the apple tree.
erence: "Life of Robert E, Lee." Williamson B I
Johnson & Co., Richmond. §
C. OF C. PROGRAM. FEBRUARY, 1916.
Thomas Jonathan Jackson, January 21. 1824-63.
1. Describe Clarksburg, W. Va., Jackson's home ti
2. Contrast the early training of Lee and Jackson.
3. Give some anecdotes of Jackson's home life as son, hus-
band, and father.
4. Tell all you know of his school days and teachers.
5. Whence came his great faith in prayer?
6. Tell of his Sunday school for the negroes. Was Jackson
a slaveholder?
7. Give some experiences as a teacher.
8. Tell how he died and what effect his death had upon the
Confederate cause.
Reference: "Life of Thomas J, Jackson." Williamson. B.
F. Johnson & Co.. Richmond. Va.
40
C^o^fedcrat^ l/eterap.
CONFEDERATED SOUTHERN MEMORIAL ASSO-
CIATION.
New Orleans, La., November 27, 1915.
Dear Friends and Coworkers: With the beginning of a new
year let us stop and reflect on the past ; let us count His
mercies. They are numerous; but the greatest of all is that
peace, blessed peace, reigns over our united country.
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association has reason
to be proud of its achievements during the past year, and' we
are looking forward to great results from our united efforts
during 1916. For many of our Associations this will be a
jubilee year, marking the fiftieth year of organization. This
glorious distinction belongs to nineteen of the Associations —
namely : Gainesville, Ala. ; Americus, Athens, Atlanta, Colum-
bus, and Madison, Ga. ; New Orleans, La. ; Vicksburg, Miss. ;
Raleigh, N. C. ; Charleston and Columbia, S. C. ; Fredericks-
burg, Petersburg, Portsmouth, Oakwood, Richmond, Hebrew
Ladies' (Richmond), Hollywood (Richmond), Spottsylvania
Courthouse, and Winchester, Va. Is there not reason to be
proud of such a record? Fifty years of uninterrupted effort to
preserve the history of that cause for which our father.-,,
brothers, husbands, and sons shed their precious blood !
To those faithful women "whose annual tribute for fifty
years has expressed their enduring grief, love, and reverence
for our sacred dead" we bow our heads in loving gratitude.
Can that cause be called a "lost cause," since its memory has
inspired such patriotic devotion through all these years?
This jubilee year of 1916 promises to be one of great ac-
tivity for the Confederated Southern Memorial Association.
You are aware that we have decided to place a tribute in the
Red Cross Memorial Building, in Washington. D. C. Our
offering to this building will be a chair, to be known as the
President's chair and occupied by the President of the Red
Cross Society, who is likewise always the President of the
United States. Would it not be a grand idea for all the
j ubilarians to celebrate the date of their organization by help-
ing to raise the sum which is necessary for this memorial of-
fering?
What have you done for the memorial to the late Mr.
Cunningham, the founder of the Confederate Veteran? Do
not forget that in his will Mr. Cunningham made your organ-
ization one of the trustees of that valuable publication. We
owe this to his memory, to ourselves, and to the Southern
people at large to make every effort to support the Confeder-
ate Veteran, and this can be done only by increasing the
number of subscribers. Let me urge each Memorial Associa-
tion to become a Subscriber to the Veteran, beginning with
the month of January, 1916. In each issue there is a message
from memorial women. Subscribe to the Veteran, so that
you will be in touch with your own members. This appeal, or
request, is made in a special manner to such Associations as
will celebrate their golden jubilee in 1916. No greater tribute
can be offered to the memory of Mr. Cunningham than this,
and to honor his memory is to honor your Associations and
their fifty years of work in the Confederate cause.
Let us unite and determine to make this our jubilee year
one of unremitting effort to cancel all obligations and to
start the next half century with the same zeal and enthusiasm
which has characterized the years gone by.
To one and all, jubilarians and near-jubilarians. I wish a
happy, prosperous, and peaceful year.
Mrs. W. T. Behan. President General.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
September 18, 1915, to November 24, 1915.
Alabama : W. T. Hodges Chapter, $1 ; Pettus Roden Chap-
ter, $1 ; Virginia Tunstall Clay Chapter, $5 ; Florence Chapter,
$5; R. E. Roden Chapter, $3; Sophia Bibb Chapter, $2; Bar-
bour County Chapter, $2 ; Dadeville Chapter, $1. Total, $20.
Arkansas : Memorial Chapter, Little Rock, $25 ; Robert E.
Lee Chapter, Conway, $5 ; John B. Gordon Chapter, Para-
gould, $1; Robert W. Shaver Chapter, Black Rock, $2.50; T.
J. Churchill Chapter, Little Rock, $5 ; Sidney Johnston Chap-
ter, Batesville, $5 ; Pat Cleburne Chapter, Hope, $5 ; Lonoke
Chapter, $2.50; Magnolia Chapter, $6.25; DeWitt Chapter,
$2.50; John E. Dow Chapter, Atkins, $1.50. Total, $61.25.
California : R. E. Lee Chapter, Los Angeles, $5.
District of Columbia : A. S. Johnston Chapter, $5 ; Mrs.
Jennie L. Munroe (personal). Washington City, $5. Total,
$10.
Florida: Annie Seabring, Jacksonville, $5; Confederate Gray
Chapter, Leesburg, $5 ; Mrs. W. F. Gwynn (through Lcetitia
A. Nutt Chapter), Fort Myers, $5; John Hunt Morgan Chap-
ter, Green Cove Springs. $2 ; General Loring C. of C. Chapter,
St. Augustine, $3 ; Dixie Chapter, St. Petersburg, $3 ; Winnie
Davis Chapter, C. of C, Jacksonville, $5; Inverness
Chapter, $1 ;, Dickenson Chapter, Ocala, $5 ; Stars and Bars
Chapter, Greenwood, $2; Mrs. Rogers (personal), Jackson-
ville, $1 ; Olustee Chapter, Arcadia, $2 ; Lcetitia A. Nutt Chap-
ter, Fort Myers, $2 ; Annie P. Seabring, Jacksonville, $5 ;
Kirby Smith Chapter, Gainsville, $10; Mary Custis Lee Chap-
ter, Clear Water, $2; Mrs. Raux (through Chapter), Brooks-
ville, $1 ; interest, 20 cents ; Anna Jackson Chapter, Talla-
hassee, $5 ; Father Ryan Chapter, Bartow, $5. Total, $69.20.
Georgia : Atlanta Chapter, $25 ; Sylvania Chapter, $5
Oconee Chapter, Dublin, $3; Adeline Baum Chapter, C. of C.
Dublin, $2 ; Tharman of Upton Chapter, Thomaston, $2
Chickamauga Chapter, Lafayette, $1 ; Helen Plane Chapter
Canton, $2 ; Lucy Garnett Chapter, C. of C, Sylvania, $3
Charlotte Carson Chapter, Tifton, $2.50; Pelham Chapter, $3
R. E. Lee Chapter, Douglas. $2; Willie Hunt Smith Chapter,
Barnesville, $2 ; Liberty Chapter, Flemington, $2 ; Chapter
A, Augusta. $10; Fannie Gordon Chapter, Eastman, $5; Haw-
kinsville Chapter, $4: Cedartown Chapter, $1; Joe Wheeler
Chapter, Stockbridge, $1 : Turner County Chapter, Ashburn,
$1 ; Habersham Chapter, Clarksville. $1 ; Sidney Lanier Chap-
ter. Macon, $25; Americus Chapter, $5; Wallace Edwards
Chapter, Butler, 50 cents; R. E. Lee Chapter, College Park,
$5 ; Larkin D. Watson Chapter, Jackson. $2.50 ; Monroe Chap-
ter. $2.50; Mary Brantley Chapter. Dawson, $5; Bullock
County Chapter. Statesboro. $10; J. D. Franklin Chapter.
Tennille, $5: Julia Jackson Chapter, C. of C, Atlanta, $10;
Kennesaw Chapter, Marietta. $2; Alexander Stephens Chap-
ter, Crawfordsville, $1 ; Annie Wheeler Chapter, Carrollton,
$1; Bartow Chapter. Cartersville. $2.50; L. P. Thomas Chap-
ter, Norcross, $3; Douglasville Chapter, $2; Agnes Lee Chap-
ter. Decatur. $5. Total. $164.50.
Kentucky: Avery Winston Auxiliary, Lexington, $1; City
National Bank (through Paducah Chapter), Paducah, $150:
Mrs. H. P. Field (in memory of her brother, William S.
Alexander, who was killed at Shiloh), Louisville, $5; Mrs.
William Pusey (through Ben Hardin Helm Chapter), Eliza-
bethtown, $5; Mrs. L. E. Williams (for autograph of Jeffer-
son Davis sold to Mrs. Thorpe). Louisville, $5. Total, $166.
Louisiana: Mrs. Peter Youree (personal), Shreveport, $100:
Shreveport Chapter. $25. Total. $125.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
41
Mississippi: McComb Chapter. $10; McComb citizens. Pike
County, $1550; McComb U. D. C. ("personal donations),
$10.75; Magnolia citizens. Pike County, $8.75; Summit citi-
zens of Pike County, $5 ; Camp 226, U. C V., Amite County,
$5; veterans and friends of Amite County, $6.50; Corinth
Chapter, $70; Stonewall Jackson Chapter, Swan LaL
Charles E. Clark Chapter, Beulah, $2.50; Kosciusko Chapter,
$3; A. S. Johnston Chapter (Mrs. Hudson), $25; Durant
Daughters, $5 ; Dr. Zeno S. Goss Chapter, $5 ; George B.
Shelby Chapter, $5 ; cash, 50 cents. Total, $182.50.
ouri: Johi Ion Chapter. Sedalia, $2; Stirling
Price Chapter, Nevada, $5; Emmctt McDonald C
dalia, $5. Total, $12.
New York ; Mary Mildred Sullivan Chapter
M. Sullivan I), $5; Mrs. ]■'. G Burki 'j"T
$60. Total, $115
Ohio: Stonewall Jackson Chapter, Cincinnati. $5; Robert E.
Lee Chapter, Columbus, $2; A. S. Johnston Chapter, Cincin-
nati, $10; Dixie Chapter, Columbus. $1. Total, S
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Chapter, s
South Carolina: Francis Marion Chapter, Bamt"
Matthew- Chapti Gl iham Chapter. Denmark. $1 : Ed-
ward Croft Chapter, Aiken, $5; Arthur Manigaull
Georgetown. $5; Stephen Elliot! Chapter rt, S3; Cal-
vin Crozier Chapter. Newberry. $20; Ellison Capers Chapter.
Florence. $5; Abbeville Chapter. $5; O. M. Dailtzler C
St. Matthews, $3; J. K. Mclver Chapter, Darlington, $10;
Pickens Chapter, $1; M. C. Butler Chapter. Columbia, $10;
Haniptnn-I.ee Chapter, <>i William ; apter.
Easley, 5; R. E. Lee Chapter. Andersonville, $3; John 1 lanes
Chapter, Jonesville, $2. -?o; Spartan Chapti
Savannah Valley Chapter, I ille. $1.50; Mrs. J. I. Mr-
Whirter (personal). Jonesville, $5; John C. Calhoun Chapter,
Clemson College. $5 ; William Wallace Chapter, Union. $5 ;
Fort Sumter Chapter, Greenville, $5; post cards sold b
J. L. McWhirter, $2.70; commission on family record charts.
45 cents: Micah Jenkins Chapter. W Total.
$118.85.
Tennessee: E. V. Allen Chapter, Dayton. $5; Zollicoffer-
Kulton Chapter. Fayetteville, $3: Johnson City Chapter. $5;
Shiloh Chapter. Savannah, $25. Total, $38.
Texas: Col. R. B. Levy Chapter, Longview, $5; R. E. Lee
Chapter, Houston, $25; B. E. Bee Chapter, San Antoni
T. C. Cain Chapter, Bastrop. $1 ; Mollie Moore Davis Chap-
ter, Tyler. $1 ; Capt. T. I7. Rudgeley Chapter ; ... $5:
Texarkana Chapter, Si ; Hannibal Boone Chapter. Navasota.
$2.50; Allen Sanford, Jr (in memory of his mother 1. V
$5; R. E. Tie Chapter, Houston, $15; John M Jolly Chapter,
Marlin. $2.50; Floresvillc Chapter, $2.50; Pearl Witt Chapter,
McGregor, $1; Mrs. H. O. Seastrunk 1 personal 1. Tyler, $1;
Tom Green Chapter, Brenham. $5 ; Mary West Chapter.
Waco, $10. Total, $87.50.
Virginia: Mrs. M. L. Semple, $10.71; Washington and Lee
Chapter. Kinsale, $10: Bristol Chapter, $2.86; Mildred Lee
Auxiliary, Martinsville. $5.25 ; Chesterfield Juniors, Richmond,
$2.50; Mildred Lee Auxiliary. Martinsville, $9.75; Sussex
Chapter, $1 ; Culpeper Juniors, $10; Albemarle Chapter. $2;
Grand Children's Chapter. Richmond. $5; Henry A. Wise
Chapter. Cape Charles. $4.^0; Tazewell Chapter. $■?. Total,
$66.57.
Washington: Mrs. Kate Dalton Smith (personal), Tacoma,
$5; Ella K. Trader Chapter, $2.35; Mildred Lee Chapter.
Spokane, $5. Total, $12.35.
West Virginia: Parkersburg Chapter. $10; Martinsburg
Cha] McNeill Chapter. K Huntington Chap-
$50.
Wisconsin: .' on, for Milwaukee. $5.
Commercial-Appeal : Collections, $35 ; contributions. $ioo>.
$135-
Interest, $310
Expense of Mrs. White and Mrs. Henderson to inspect
model, $67.18; Treasurer's bond. $150; third payment to F. C.
Hubbard, sculptor. $4,000. Total disbursements. $4,217.18.
1
Tola' s in ban.' I at last n
disburserr
1 in hanrl-
WHO KNEU R CHARLES LEWIST
'.A.
While a prisoner of war in Memphis Lieut. Col. A. J.
Woods. C. S. A., was murd< •• ut. Charles Lewis, U. S.
V. under the following circumstai
Colonel Woods had paid Lewis to aid him in escaping; but
n he had I in getting out of prison, Lewis had
him rearrested, and. fearing. that Woods would in-
m on him. he went to the prison and while Woods was
hot him through the head, killing him instantly.
Upon hearing of tin the Confederate commissioner
t up with the
11 authorities and received the answer that Lewis had
been condemned by a court-martial to be "hanged by the neck
until dead," but that, unfortunately, he had escaped and, ac-
had hastened to Richmond, tendered his
sen be Confederacy, was given a commission as a
lieutenant of cavalry, and on account of the death of his
colonel from wounds receivi icdericksburg had been
promoted to fill the vacancy.
Mr. Quid's indorsement on this communication waf
have made particular inquiries for any such officer in our
It can find I med
us. he has changed his name."
Uncial Directory of Officers of the United
States Army" shows Charles Lewis's record as follows; "Ser-
geant 2d Dragoons, second lieutenant 2d Cavalry, September,
■ ntenced to be hanged, but escaped, joined the Con-
ate States army, and rose to the rank of colonel of cav-
alr\ in that service. His proper name was Denis Daly."
The report of Lafayette Guild, medical director of General
1 iy. shows thirteen casualties only among the cavalry
in the battle of Fredericksburg, and these were wounds to
enlisted men; so the colonel that Lewis succeeded did not die
of wounds received in this battle, and this disposes of that
part of the story.
1 have carefully gone over all sources possible, including the
Journal of the Confederate Congress, but cannot locate either
Charles Lewis or Denis Daly as ever having been an officer
in our service. However, it is possible that he might be under
another name. My idea is that the Union authorities connived
at Lewis's escape and tried to hush the matter up by trumping
up 1 of his joining the Confederacy, but I should be
very glad to know positively; and if any of our survivors can
prove or disprove this affair, 1 wish they would communicate
with the Veteran to the end that what they know may be
published and some light thrown on the subject.
42
^oqfederat^ l/eterap.
A KINDLY DEED REMEMBERED.
[From an address by Robert L. Drummond, of Auburn, N.
Y., who served in the mth New York Infantry.]
On the 22d of February, 1865, with thousands of others, I
was released from the Confederate prison at Salisbury, N. C,
and started on the way to Goldsboro, then the parole camp of
the Confederacy. Two of my comrades and I pledged one
another solemnly to stand together as long as life lasted, and
the poor fellows begged of me to take them both North or
bury them decently by the way. Those unable to walk at all
were to be taken on the cars; but as this looked like being
left behind, most of them insisted that they could walk. We
made but little progress the first day and that night camped
in a piece of woods. Here I made my comrades a bed of
brush, and for the first time in four months they did not lie
on the bare ground. In the morning I found that I could
scarcely stir and became alarmed for the condition of my pa-
tients. I was not long left in doubt and forgot my own trou-
bles in contemplating theirs, which were pitiable in the ex-
treme. I got them finally to their feet, but found to my dis-
may that the march of the day was begun, that we were left
behind, and I began to consider the situation. Just here oc-
curred an incident which is worthy of mention.
While wondering what to do a company of Confederate
officers, apparently an officer of some importance and his
staff, came dashing round a turn in the road. The one in
command carried under his slouch hat the face of a man and
a gentleman. As he and his brother officers came to where we
stood he suddenly reined his horse to a standstill, gave us
a searching glance, and in military but friendly tones in-
quired why we were there. I told him that my comrades
were sick, that they were entirely worn out by the march
of the day previous, and that I had promised not to leave
them under any circumstances as long as they lived. He
listened quietly, then turned to me abruptly and said : "And
what about you?" I told him I was not sick, but simply
starved. He turned and looked at the members of his staff.
I fancied I could see him trying to keep down something
rising in his throat. Then, suddenly turning to me again
and pointing in a certain direction with his sword, he said :
"See here, my boy, right over there is a railroad depot. You
get your comrades there if you can ; but before you come in
sight of it you get a large cane, and when you are there be
'right smart lame,' and I think they'll take all three of you on
board the cars." Then with a kindly glance at me he clapped
his spurs to his horse's flanks and galloped out of sight.
I looked at the boys again, neither of whom said a word ;
neither did they say anything when they saw me go a short
distance away, pick up a large stick, take the weaker one by
the arm, and motion to the other to follow in the way indi-
cated by the officer. When we reached the depot, I made no
claims to being well, and, stick and all, we were taken on the
top of a freight car moving in the direction of Goldsboro.
So strong was I in spirit at this time that I felt my face
flush at what at first glance appeared to me, and may to you,
as a deception ; but when, after a ride by land and by sea of
a thousand miles and upward, I brought these same boys
back safely to their homes in Old Cayuga, I felt the mists
coming before my own eyes and on a spring morning awoke
from weeks of delirium to find myself lying in my own bed
at home with the angelic face of my dear mother, tears of joy
in her eyes, looking down in my own. She told me that the
war was ended, of the scene at Appomattox, and that the old
flag floated again in its supremacy over the whole land ; and
when she held before my face for the first time a small mir-
ror and I saw that during the long and weary months of im-
prisonment and suffering my hair had actually changed its
color, I realized more fully than before the force of the ques-
tion of the kind Confederate officer, "And what about you?"
and realized that he was giving me fatherly advice rather
than advising me to practice deception. I have always re-
gretted that I did not learn the name of this officer ; and if he
or any of his staff is living, I should be glad to hear from him.
Since that time I have done more than one Southern boy a
favor, remembering the noble face and knightly bearing of
this officer in gray. By a strange coincidence I once defended
a boy from that very locality and had the satisfaction of send-
ing him home to his mother, not as a convicted felon, but as
one freed from even the imputation of guilt or dishonor.
The young fellows may call it sentiment — a thing very essen-
tial to a lawyer's success — but all through the case I saw a
Confederate officer sitting on his horse and asking me the
question, "And what about you?" The letter from the mother
of my young client at the end of his trial was worth more
to me than money.
[Inquiry of Mr. Drummond as to why these prisoners were
making their way to the parole camp without guards brought
the statement that they did start under guard; but there was
little need of it, as all they wanted was to know the location
of the parole camp and kept steering for it by night and day.
So the guards soon relaxed their vigilance and let them go
as they pleased.]
"OLD UNCLE XED."
In tribute to one of that fast-passing generation of faithful
slaves of the South, Mrs. F. C. Fox, of Amarillo, Tex., writes
sympathetically of "Uncle" Ned Buchanan, of Harrison
County, Tex., who died some months ago, after a long illness
Uncle Ned was purchased by his master, Col. Rene Fitz-
patrick. at Talbotton. Ga.. in August, 1834, when only one
year old, from Young H. Greer, of Baltimore, Md., and the
record of this sale is
still in the family.
After the war Uncle
Ned became a pros-
perous farmer in
Texas, owning his|
own farm, and was
highly respected for
his honesty and in-
tegrity. He was a
member of several
Confederate associa-'
tions and proudl>
wore the badges of
the W. P. Lane
Camp, No. 621, U. C
V., Ross's, Ector's]
and Granbury's As-j
sociation, and Com-J
panv A, 3d Texas. Mrs. Fox writes further: "The old ante-i
bellum negroes have nearly all crossed the river, and when II
meet one of the Old South I feel inclined to lift my hat. NcJ
people were more loyal to the South during the war than tht
negro slaves. As a rule, they were all right ; but the presenj
generation presents a problem yet to be settled. Uncle Ne^
was of the old generation and a credit to himself."
UNCLE NED BUCHANAN.
Qoofederat^ l/eterai).
43
ALL THE WHILE
BY J. k. MBBONS, BAUXITE, ARK.
re growing old, you tell us,
Every year.
We arc more alone, you tell
Every year.
We can win no new after
We liave only recollection.
Deeper sorrow and dejection
Every year.
Yes
We know our sunt declining
Every month :
Bill we arc not repining
Every month.
But with stout hearts, brave and true,
And a willingness to do
While remaining still with
Every month.
The grave is nearer, nearer, nearer
I I cry day.
And our friends grow di
Every day ;
Bui the tilkm cord that bindt
To our loved ones here reminds us
Of its weakness, yes. reminds us
Every day
Comrades.
We'll strike ou> ■ low
Very soon.
And pitcli in heaven's glow-
Very soon.
In the shade of Jaekson"s trees
We'll I d by the Lees.
If our Heavenly Father please.
Verv soon.
GENERA! I EIDENTIAl \ND
DISPATCHES
iMMENT Bl rOHN STILES ' '■'• ICK, GA.
Through the patriotism of a Southern gentleman, Mr.
Vymberly Jones De Renin-, of Savannah, Ga., there has been
iven to the South a priceless treasure in the heretofore un-
ublishcd confidential dispatches of Gen. Robert E. Lee to
resident Davis for the years of 1862-65. Of course we of
ie South- and. 1 might truthfully add, any one in the United
read of General Lee needs nothing more to
Jnvince bun of the General's i,dory both as a warrior and as
citizen; but bis letter in regard to an article in the Charles-
>n Mercury blaming General Heth for the failure at Gi
urg is worth reading, and I shall take the liberty of rcproduc-
tg it from Mr. De Renne's collection:
"Mr. President: Your note of the J7th inclosing a slip from
ic Charleston Mercury relative to the battle of Gettysburg is
Jceived. I much regret its general censure upon the opera-
ons of the army, as it is calculated to do us no good either
home or abroad. But I am prepared for similar criticism;
and, as far as 1 am concerned, the remarks fall harmless. I
am particularly sorry, however, that from the partial infor-
mation and mere assumption of facts injustice should be
any offi< 1 at occasion should be taken to asperse
- conduct, who, of all others, are most free of blame. I
do not fear that your position in the confidence of the people
can be injured by any such attacks, and I hope that the official
reports will protect the reputation of every officer. These
cannot be made at once ; and in the meantime, as you state,
much falsehood may be promulgated. But truth is mighty
and will eventually prevail. As regards the article in ques-
tion, 1 think it contains its own contradiction. Although charg-
ing Heth with the failure of the battle, it expressly states that
he was absent, wounded. The object of the writer and pub-
' vidently to cast discredit upon the operations of the
rnment and those connected with it and thus gratify
feeling? more to be pitied than envied To take notice of
such attacks would. I think, do more harm than good and
d be just what is desired. The delay that will necessarily
r in receiving reports has induced me to make, for the
information of the Department, a brief outline of opcrat
the army, in which, however. I have been unable to state
the com]: ■ officers. It is sufficient I vhat
was done and what was not done. No blame can be attached
e army for its failure to accomplish what was projected
by me. nor should it be censured for the unreasonable expec-
n of the public. I am alone to blame in perhaps expecting
- and valor. 1' •. in my opin-
ion, achieved, under the guidance of the Most High, a general
though it did not win a victory. 1 thought at the
time that the latter wa« practic 1 think that if all
thniL's could have worked together it would have been accom-
plished ; but with the knowledge 1 then had, and in the cir-
cuit! m... 1 was then placed, I do not know what better
course I could have pursued. 'With my present knowledge,
and could I have foreseen that the attack on the last day
irive the enemy from his position, I
should certainly have tried some other course. What the
ultimate result would have been is not clear to me. Our
\ cry heavy ; that of the enemy is proportionately
ilis cri|M ition enai ire from the
country comparatively unmolested. The unexpected state of
the P ur only embarrassment.
1 prayers for your health and happiness and the rec-
ognition bv vour gratified countrj ces.
R. E. Lee."
wing is from the notes of James Calloway, in the
Telegraph, in reference to this b
ler will be struck with two things— bow General
Lee was at all tin ng for men and for their subsist-
ence ,v General Lee had
to refer every detail to Ri< hampering all this
was to the genius of such a man ll Lee! Even Gen-
eral Lee could not win victories and overcome losses unless
recruits and supplies were furnished him. He so often warned
Mr. Davis that he could not be responsible for the outcome
unless his troops were reinforced and fed.
"The introduction to this book, by Mr. Freeman, who edits
it, is itself a remarkable one. From this introduction I qupte :
"'The thirty four months covered by this correspondence
subjects the chara. I - to every test by which the heart
of man may he tried. . . . From June 2, 1862, to April 1.
1865, General Lee attained and rounded a cycle that occupied
Napoleon from Areola to Waterloo, and he tasted much of
the sweet and most of the bitter that fell to Frederick the
44
Qopfederat^ Ueterap.
Great during his lung years of warfare. And from it Lee
emerged aged and worn, already in the shadow of the grave,
but a stronger, nobler man than when he consecrated his
sword to the service of Virginia and assumed command of
her little army. His St. Helena at Lexington was more glo-
rious than his Austerlitz at Chancellorsville. . . . The
sufferings he endured were worth all they cost him in the
example they gave the South of fortitude in disaster and
courage in defeat '
THE REAL IOII.X BROWS.
John Brown. Soldier of Fortune. A Critique. By Hill
Peebles Wilson.
In this volume of four hundred and titty pages we have a
most important contribution to the story of the man and his
deeds which did so much to hasten the War between the States
in 1861-65. It is a searching investigation of the life and
motives of John Brown made by one who started his investi-
gation with admiration for Brown as "the only Kansan whose
fame was immortal." But the result of his painstaking search
was to reveal his quondam hero as a hypocrite in religion, an
adventurer in politics, a swindler in business, a horse thief and
a murderer among his neighbors, and a traitor to his country.
The author has gone through all of the numerous eulogistic
biographies of Brown; but he specially critizes three, Ridpath,
Sanborn, and Villard, though he devotes the most attention to
Villard's book, "Fifty Years After." And he convicts them
all of falsehood, evasion, garbling or suppression of evidence,
invention of facts when actual facts did not fit their theories.
In a word, by the most unscrupulous special pleading they
seek to justify, palliate, or cover over the crimes of their hero.
When malignant fanaticism determines to glorify a charac-
ter which is the exponent of its theories, the embodiment of
its ideas, and the agent of its purposes, there is no limit to the
insidious and dishonest means it employs, while professing to
righteousness and God's service. And probably no more
strenuous effort of this kind has ever been made than that to
exalt John Brown, of Osawatomie, into a saint, hero, and
martyr for truth and justice. Tubs, barrels, even hogsheads
of whitewash have been used to adorn and disinfect his mem-
ory, until many good men and high officials of State have
been deceived and have given sanction to the falsehoods.
In addition to the many volumes of eulogistic literature, the
pulpits of many Northern cities and poets and philosophers
of New England placed the gallows on which John Brown was
hanged as sacred as the cross of Jesus Christ. The State of
New York dedicated his home as a shrine of patriotism, and
the gentle and amiable President McKinley lent the sanction
of his presence and his tears to the occasion. The State of
Kansas erected his statue in her capital, a tribute to his serv-
ices to the State. She also set a park as a memorial at the
scene of some of his murderous exploits, and that was dedicated
in an address of glorification by that strenuous egotist, Presi-
dent Roosevelt. The soldiers of General Sherman marched
on their campaign of pillaging and burning to the inspiring
strains of "John Brown's body lies moldering in the grave,
but his soul is marching on." And finally, by order of Mr.
McKinley's Secretary of War, the bodies of John Brown's
fellow convicts were disinterred and buried with the honors
of war as a rebuke to the State of Virginia, which had hanged
them.
This book is a thorough, searching, patient, and fair analysis
of Brown's character and deeds, tracing his life in business, in
which he was a complete failure and dishonest withal, through
his murderous and thieving exploits in Kansas, done for utr
terly selfish ends, but covered with the pretense of service t<J
the cause of Kansas and abolition, through his futile attempt
to arouse insurrection among the slaves and drench the South
in the blood of wdiite men, women, and children, and establish
a negro republic with himself as president, to the final tragedy
at Charlestown, which ended a career of fraud and violence
and embalmed him in the hearts of all haters of the South,
The story of his life shows a man of strong intellect, of iron
will, of great courage, inspired by intense selfishness, and with
a warped conscience which made the Almighty responsible foi
and a partner in his crimes. His Puritan training made him k:
familiar with the Bible, and he had a remarkable aptness ir jp
citing Scripture to justify his misdeeds. His letters to hist
family are specimens of good English and pious exhortation n;
Yet some of those who knew him best doubted the sincerity oi m
his faith in the God of the Bible.
It would be impossible in the limited space of the Vetera 11 s
to give even a brief abstract of this very valuable contribu
tion to the history of this most tragic period of our country'
life. Incidentally it vindicates the action of the Southeri
States in their effort to be free from the abolition propaganda t,
although there are some statements with which we as South
crners cannot agree, for it is written by a Union man.
wish that every Confederate Camp and every Chapter of th
United Daughters of the Confederacy could have a copy o
this book in its library. We are striving for a true history o
our great war and its causes, and this book will help much I
that end. It can be obtained from the author and published
Hill P. Wilson, West Palm Beach, Fla. Price, $2.50. I thin
to any of our Confederate organizations there would be a dis
count. James H. McNeilly.
MEMORIAL SERVICES BY CAMPS.
The holding of memorial services by Camps, U. C. V., wa
inaugurated by the Albert Sidney Johnston Camp, at Beat
mont, Tex., last April, when a meeting was held and a pre
gram prepared for a special memorial service on Sunday ev(
ning, May 23, in the First Christian Church of that cit;
Seats were reserved for the veterans, who were well
attendance, as well as the local military and Boy Scouts, Soi
of Veterans, Daughters of the Confederacy, and Daughters
the American Revolution. The programs consisted of music
selections and patriotic addresses, with the "roll call of tl
dead" of the Camps since its organization in 1888. In tl
closing remarks the pastor of the Church made a touchir
talk to the veterans. The institution of such a service as th
is peculiarly appropriate in the U. C. V. organization, whi<
is being depleted so rapidly by death, and this annual mem'
rial service is a tribute and reminder of those who once toe
active part in the life of their Camp.
Since its organization the total membership of A. S. Joh
ston Camp has been two hundred and five. Death has
moved eighty-nine of them, and others have withdrawn to tl
number of thirty-nine, thus leaving a roll call of seventy-fi
members at present.
In the account of the memorial services by Pat Clebur
Camp, of Waco, Tex., page 559 of the December Vetera
an error was made in giving the location of the Camp
Austin, Tex., when it should have been Waco. It is No. 2:
U. C. V.
Jltra
Ok
Qo^federat^ 1/eterai).
45
WHAT OUR FRIENDS SAY.
Clement Saussy, Savannah, Ga. : "Inclosed find my subscrip-
tion for the coming year. My! but the dear old Veteran
gets better as the days go by. The article of Fannie E. Selph
on the 'Emancipation Proclamation' is so concise and s
written that to one whose people had a large plantation with
many slaves it takes me hack to the good old days of my boy-
lood, and I can testifj to every bit of her article regarding
he happy days among the negroes on the old plantations, for
|[ was there. And they certainly were faithful to ns while we
I .vere in the army."
i Frederick Rogge, National Soldiers' Home. Tennessee: "Al-
< hough I fought on the other side of the fence. I certainly
Improve the principles of the CoNFEnERATr. VETERAN ; for its
i ounder was a loved and loving man. never confined by the
I arrow borders of one side or the other, but simply great-
i earted, fair, and just. That is the way I sized up the late
i. A. Cunningham when Corporal James Tanner introduced
$ 1e on a Decoration Day in the Soldiers' Home at Johnson
fcy, Tenn. The Confederati Veteran dt much larger
I imitation than it lias; but apparently on; generation
^ l"sing interest in our great family strife of half a century
TW. M. Minshall, Warrcnsburg, Mo.: "1 hope it may live
jmg and never waver in the good cause of the South and the
l?ar old veterans. 1 love the Veteran and have been reading
J from the start and expect to continue to the end."
J J. D. Hanaker, Strasburg, Va. : "You are rendering fine
Arvice to the cause 1 am hoping you will bi
>r manv vears."
i
L. H. Quirollo, Washington, D. C. : "I enjoyed your com-
ments in the last edition in regard to the good work the Vet-
eran is doing. I do wish you would publish a icw lines urging
s of Veterans to read your magazine. You have no
idea what a pleasun I the daring
Is of our father
I. i. Stringfel "Find inclosed check for
$ . I should be glad to send as many hundred dollars. You
have my sincere best wishes in the good work you are doing
in keeping the Southern cause on the pages of history."
J. W. Young, Tam "1 am v,
Veteran. It is very fine, and I pri- maga-
zines that CO house. I am not a veteran myself, but
am thankful to say that 1 am the son of one."
Mrs, ID. C,
Parsons. Kans Our
local Chap' , r., the only oi ons, is placing it
in the library here."
A. J. Juli; sville. Ga. : "I congratulate you and the
managers in the splendid get-up and contents of each number."
Mrs. Julia W. Fletcher, of Tacoma. Wash., wi
Veteran grows better with each number. Long may it live !"
C. C. Grace. Screven. Ga. : "I have been a reader of the
VETERAN a long time and do not want to be without it."
C. McIIwain, Denton. Tex.: "I have been reading it for a
long lime. I like it better than any magazir.c I can get."
.Ill I: ec rtainlv is a treat
i" read the Veteran."
«
NEALE'S
Confederate Books
Suppose ya> could view tht World War througl
nt fifty years? Yel tin great Wai of tie States t ns un-
folds in the many volumes that the Neale Publishing Com-
pany has issued during the past twenty years, written by
southerners, Northerners, and disinterested military crlt-
ies : ami to Americans theli great armed conflict oi
BO's must evei remain th< most Intensely Interesting of
all wars. "They deserve to be read and pondered o
writes an eminent military critic in I
while John W. DuBose, auih.ii' ol "The Life
in a review of several thousand words, i
Birmingham Age-Herald, says: "Hut to return m tin '
looks : thesi are sufficient to place the fame of thi I o
Iracy's brief life, civil and military, in the firsl rat
nations." Tn this large library Important works are fre-
quently being added.
The membership of the Neale house, mmtberini
nne hundred persons, is comprised principally ol Southern-
ers. The Neale publications embrace rune literature, hls-
tory. biography, reminiscence, science, essays, politics,
travel, fiction, poetry, religion, juvenile, and drama. In-
deed, there is scarcely any branch of literaturt that is not
represented by the Neale books. Writing of them. Thomas
Nelson Page, the Southern novelist, says: "Then
publisher whose publications Interest me more and whose
hooks I have bought in the last few Mais: a greater num-
ber of."
Send at once for our catalogues and bulletins, free, and
sent postpaid on application.
tit
NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
440 Fourth Avenue, New York
GET A BOOK FREE
Form Your Clubs
To every Club purchasing ten copies of "Watch Your-
self Go By, " one copy of the book will be sent free
Watch Yourself Go By
A BOOK BY AL C. FIELD
The popular book of the day.
Nothing more appropriate for
a gift.
"Laughter ami tears homely truths. Alxxjk that will make
you Letter for the reading of It."— The late S. A ' unningham.
Send SI OO to the
Field Publishing Company
50 Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio
and a booh will be tent, postpaid
To every Club purchasing ten boohs, one copy will
be sent free. Form a Club and get a booh free
Qoijfederat^ Ueteraij,
HEld!L®51^®E
mad! Ql@b(&
IbosiiraiEUBQ
CfflffiBjpaiay
Has endeavored during its
service of sixty years in
the United States to exem-
plify the definition of the
words "to insure" — viz.,
"to make certain or se-
cure." Every loss claim-
ant insured in this Com-
pany and affected by the
serious conflagrations in
this and other countries
will, we believe, testify to
the sense of security they
experience in possessing
our policies and of satis-
faction at our settlements.
From All Causes. Head Noises and Other Eaj
^rotETes Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who were
formerly deaf, now heai
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
««. that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition ol
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds,
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer j
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousands of others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf,
ness — giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO.,
392 Inter-Southern Bids.
, Incorporated
LOUISVILLE, KV
INFORMATION WANTED!
Will any of the descendants of the
firm of Leggett, Keatinge & Ball, who
engraved and printed money for the Con-
federacy in 1861 and who were later at
Columbia, S. C, send their names and
addresses to H. D. Allen. No. 21 Winter
St., Boston, Mass., who wishes to make
an inquiry?
TEN DOLLARS REWARD!
I will pay above reward to the first
person replying, for
1. The loan of a photograph of Wil-
liamson S. Oldham, Confederate Sena-
tor from Texas, to be a duplicate of the
picture appearing in Wooten's "Compre-
hensive History of Texas," Volume II.,
page 144.
2. The loan of a photograph, the du-
plicate of the likeness on the Confederate
$10 bill of September 2, 1861, on which
also appear a load of cotton and a farmer
harvesting corn, together with definite
information as to whose picture it is.
Both will be returned as soon as
copied. H. D. Allen, 21 Winter Street,
Boston, Mass.
"LIFE OF GEN. STAND WATIE."
Mrs. Mabel W. Anderson, of Pryor,
Okla., has written a book on the life of
General Watie, the only Indian briga-
dier general in the Confederate army,
! which also gives all the Confederate his-
! tory of the Indian Territory. The book
1 should be of great interest to all South-
erners and to the lovers of history as
! well. Price, 55 cents, postpaid. Send
all orders to the author.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avei
New York
Illustrated booklet sent on request.
n
Hi
%
Tl
SI
Abe Coplin, of Okemah, Okla., wants
to know where he can obtain a copy of
the book, "Belle Boyd; or, The Con-
federate Spy."
,.. . ■ Confederate money, State scrip.
genuine.
— Must be in good condition and
O. T. Nicholson, Shamrock, Texas.
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Of Invisible Empire
MK. K. K. Banner"
leading
educators,
historians,
theU.D.C.
andS.C.V..
who will co-
operate in
placing the
book in schools
and libraries.
Interesting from
start to finish.
Price, 75 cents;
postage, 10 cents.
Order from author.
West Point. Mississippi
Just Out
— Most
Fascinat-
ing Book
oE the Day
Profusely i
lust rat ed .
Letters from
charter mem-
bersof theKlan,
b io g r aphical
sketch of its great
leader. Gen. Na-
than Bedford For-
rest. Indorsed by
Mrs. S. E. F. Rose,
$4.00
ONE YEAR
$2.00
SIX MOUTHS
Courier - Journal
Daily by mail (not Sunday) and
FARM and FAMILY
A Great Monthly Magazine
During January and February Only
Special Rate Period Limited to
These Two Months
Splendid Combination at a Little Over Hall
the Regular Price
Subscription orders at this rate will be
accepted only when sent direct to
Courier-Journal Company, Louisville, Ky.
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
est all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds of Military Equipment and
Society Goods Is at
Joel Flag L Regalia Co., 57 E. 96th St
Send for Price List New York City
Qopfederat^ l/eterao.
47
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. Bull Run , and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNL rRS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
Facts about
PRINTING
•fl To obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer Tiay be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best— HIGH-CLASS
PRINTING. This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment. t)j We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be aUe to carry out your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING Gl.
Nashville, - - Tenn.
Illustrates the Meyer-
WohlEortb Sleeping Bat
EVERYTHING FOR
THE OUTDOOR
MAN, WOMAN
OR CHILD
Golf and Field Shirts, Clothing and Shoes
Heavy Wool Lumberman's Socks 60c pair
Beach Coats S3. 7 6
Paper Vests .60
Army Olive Drsb Sweaters 3.76
PORCH SLEEPING OUTFITS
Sleeping Hoods and Suits. Sleeping Bags
MIDDY BLOUSES of Serge and Flannel
CATALOGUES CHEERFULLY SENT
Meyer's Military Shops
1327 F SI., N. W., w.ihlnglon, D.C.
Visit the ramp Boom n-h,„ in Wathtngum
Vic Reinliardt, 301 North Ann Street,
errell, Tex., would like to know where
e can get a copy of Hardee's " Army
actios for Infantry."
GREAT SEAL OF
CONFEDERATE STATES
Magnificent, beautifully colored reproduc-
tion of the Great Seal of the Confederate
States, eighteen inches in diameter, suitable
(or framing. $1.00.
History of the Great Seal and Manifesto of
the Confederals Congress declaring disposi-
tions, principles, and purposes of the Confed-
erate States in relation to war with the United
States. 50 cents.
ANNIE PAYNE PILLOW
2424 Pa. Ave. Washington, D. C.
CONFEIERATE VETERAN
UNIFORMS
Highest Quality Lowest Price*
Tailor-Made to Your Measure
Send for Catalogue No. 341 and
cloth samples.
The Pettibene Bras. Mfg. Ce.
CINCINNATI
James A. Phirl, 813 South Second
Street, Louisville, Ky., wants to learn
something of the death and burial of Dr.
Thomas Ashford, surgeon of the 7th
Florida Regiment. He went to Florida
when Bragg's troops invaded Kentucky.
His death occurred near the Indian
River, in Florida.
48 Qoi)federat<? Veterar?
a
The Future of the Veteran
HE VETERAN is nearing a quarter century of existence
with a record of great work accomplished and looks for-
ward to a future of even greater usefulness in its chosen
field. No other publication ever had such a mission. No
other ever came so close to the heart of a loyal people. Its
files are a mine of information to the historian. Its work
should go on until the South is vindicated.
To accomplish the greatest good in this direction there is
one thing needed— a greater patronage among those who are
interested in establishing the truth of history pertaining to the
War between the States. This can be secured by the full co-
operation of its every patron. Will you join in this, friends
and comrades, Veterans, Sons, Daughters of the Confedera-
W cy, Memorial Women, everywhere? So much can be done
£J by your commendation— a word or so given with a copy
of the VETERAN to some friend who has not before known
it. Join in our campaign to make this the banner year in
adding to our list of readers. We want at least five thou-
sand new friends.
Everybody is asked to write for sample copies and our spe-
cial subscription offer. This is a work of mutual benefit.
=^0/ v y c*° at Once to
Tfe Cmfi&it&irm^Weimrmz M&AmMk^T^m
KaSIIX3^3XaXi ♦ I PGDDGEZXS I I ♦xttvs — yvTTTWM |
I
— yVTTVT J 4 ISfTTVTTVT-l 4 4 XTTT>f7— gXTTTTa!
A PORTRAIT GALLERY OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND THEIR WAR Rl CORDS
An heirloom for future generations. Prepared expresslj for the PEOPI I and leu preservation in the
Confederate Memorial Hall or Battle \hhe\ and PI BLIC and l'Kl\ \ii i [BRARIES
and HISTORIC \l SOCI1 1 [ES of the < Ol STRi .
Prospeftus
These Pages contain a few Portraits of Confederate
Veterans that will be in the beautiful book, entitled
WELL KNOWN
Con/'ederate Veterans
cl
lid Their War Records
l.IF.l'T. GEN. |()HN B. GORDON
Commander-in-Chief United Confederate Veterans. IV rn
in Upson Co., Ga., July nth, iK;;. Died Jan. orb, 1904.
Lieutenant Colonel 6th Ala. Infantry Decembel
1861. Colonel April 28th, lSh2. I '.enrrel
C, S. A., May -th, 1867. Major Generil May 14th,
1864, Kir.' Georgia 1886 and 1888
Elected U. S. Senatnt 18-3. 1879, and 1S90.
LIEUT. GEN STEPHEN D. LEE, Coivmbos, Miss,
Commander-in-Chief United Confederate Veterans Born
in Charleston, S. C, September ;jd, 18",;. Captain Corps
of Artillery, C. S. A., M.irch 16th, 1861. Major, Nov.
1861. Lieutenant Colonel, November, 1862, Colonel,
December, 1862. Brigadier General, November 6th, 1862.
Majoi General, August 31st, 1 84 ^. Lieutenant General,
[line :-,d, 1864. Now a member of the Vicksburg National
Military Park ( —
SEE INFORMATION CONCERNING PORTRAITS ON LAST PAGE 1
EVERY CONFEDERATE VETERAN, WHETHER HE WAS AN OFFICER OR A PRIVATE,
SHOTI.D HAVE HIS PORTRAIT IN THIS BOOK, HIS WARTIME
PORTRAIT AND HIS PORTRAIT OF TODAY.
For full information, address WILLIAM E. MICKLE, {Adjutant General U. C. /".
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
OrUantt J. a.
CONFEDERATE I'ETERJNS
WILLIAM E. MICKLE, New Orleans, La.
Born in Columbia. S. C, October 31, 1846. Entered
lerate service (1- years old) August 20th, 1S64, as
private 3d Ala. Infantry, A. N. Va. Served until close of
war. Member of Vet. C. S. Cavalry, Camp No. 9, U.C.V.
New Orleans, La. Adjutant General United Confederate
Veterans.
BRIG. GEN. CLEMENT A. EVANS. C. S. A.
Atlanta, Ga.
Born in Stewart Co., Ga. Feb. 25, 1 5 3 3. Entered Con-
federat' Service Spring of 1 $61. Enlisted Private, promoted
Major 1 S 6 1 . Colonel 1862. Brigadier Gen. 1864.
Acting Major Gen. 1864-65. Colonel 31st Ga. Regiment.
Commanded Division of Gordon's Corps A. N, Va. at
Surrender at Appomattox C. H,, April 9, 1865. Member
Atlanta Camp 1 59. Maj Gen. Ga. Div. U. C. V., 10 years;
now Lt. Gen. Army of Tenn. Dcpt., U, C. V. State
Official.
VIRGIL V. COOK. Elmo. Ark.
Born at Boydsville, Graves Co., Ky.. Nov. 14, 1848.
Entered Confederate Service, July 27, 1S63, (15 vears old).
Private, Co, E., 12th Ky. Cavalry. Transferred. March
2", 1864, to Co. H., 7th Ky. Mounted Infantry, Forrest's
1 j . Sin rendered May 16, I S65. Former Major-
General, Arkansas Division. United Confederate Veterans,
BENNETT H. YOUNG, Louisville, Ky.
Born Nichotasville. K.y., May 25, 1S43. Entered Con-
federate Service October 1862 as a Private, afterwards 1st
Lieutenant, Sth Ky. Cavalry, Gen. John H. Morgan's com-
mand. Served to close of war. Commanded St. Alban's
Raid. President Kentucky Confedrrate Home. Maj. Gen.
Commanding Ky. Div., U. C. V,
CONFEDERATE I'ETEK
LIEUT. GEN [OSEPH WHEELER, Wheelkb, Ala,
Born Augusta, G Died Jan-
$th, 1906 1st Lieutenant Artillery, C S. A ,
3d, 186] |th A l,i. Volunteers Septembe
1861, Brig ' ■ ■ Ma) oi
i [anuary 20th, 181
3.8th, 1865, Member of (
Genera] t . S \ inteei Spanish-American Wai
1 - 1 ,
gton, I1 C
BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM LEWIS CABELL, Dallas, Tax
Born Danville, Va . fanuarj : 1 t, 1827. Major ( Quar-
ter-M cm en i C. S. A., April 21 st, 1861
Brigadiei Genera] March 4th, 1862, Commanded Dept. of
White River, Arkansas, March, April and May, 1862.
1 1 » 1 ■ Brigade, Ma) 1862, Arkansas Brigade, 0
1S62. Arkansas Cavalry Brigade I
captured on I' 11 Mines Creek, Kas., 1864.
Prisonei .it Johnson's Island and Fori Warren until August
18 th, 1865. Lieutenant Genera) Commanding 1 M
issippi Department United Confederate Veterai . 1906.
MA|. Gl v I [ I /Hi GH LEE, Nonrouc, \ <
Born in Clermont, \ Died
April 28th. - C. S. A.,
Marcl Lieutenant t Virginia Cavalry,
Brigadier General, | uly 241
General, August
• rneral
1 S Va ■ ' -',8.
BRIG. GEN GEORGI W, GORDON, Memphis, Tiwn,
Both ... Tenn. , 0 Colonel
1 ith Tennessee Regiment of Infantry, December, 1862.
Brigaor - C. S. A. , August 15th, 1 864, Com-
mander Confederate Historical Camp No. 28, U. i \ ,
Memphis, Tenn. Major General Commanding Tennessee
federate Veterans.
Pla.ce your PORTRAIT a.i\d WAR RECORD in THE GREATEST OF ALL BOOKS
WELL KNOWN
Confederate Veterans
& THEIR WAR RECORDS
Editor- in-Chief
\Y ILLIAM E . M I C K L E
{Adjutant Genera! United Confe ierate Veterans. )
REASONS
Why the Portraits and War Records
of Veterans should be in this book.
BECAUSE, the profits arising from the work are to be added to the revenues of the United Confederate
Veterans' Headquarters.
BECAUSE, the book will be a perpetual Monument more enduring than brass or marble to the Confed-
erate HEROES.
BECAUSE, by turning its pages you will be able to see the War Records and gaze on ihe faces of the men
who commanded, and who were commanded, and who followed the Confederate Flag to the further-
most limits. And if the picture be of the war period, it will preserve the features of our "boy soldiers."
BECAUSE, it will enable the Veterans in the different localities to become acquainted withcne another,
without a formal introduction, thus forming a closer Comradeship, also to trace a comrade.
BECAUSE, it is the first opportunity that Veterans of all ranks have had, to have their PORTRAITS and
WAR RECORDS in a book that will be preserved and sought after by the future Generation.
BECAUSE, the ranks of the surviving Veterans are gradually thinning out, and long after they have all
answered the "Final Roll Call", their Faces will be lovingly gazed upon and cherished as sacred
Mementoes of their Bravery and Immortal Deeds.
BECAUSE, it will prove a rich and deeply cherished legacy to those who are descended from the men
who fought so gallantly for the soverignity of the States, and to preserve that legacy, the cost to the
Veterans will be a trifle, when compared with the far-reaching influences and gratification that will
accrue.
BECAUSE, the cost to have a fine Photo-Engraved Portrait of a Veteran placed in the book is only TEN
i >io.oo) DOLLARS, (the price of the book alone is $2.50 and w>'l be ready early in 1907.) This
is very reasonable, and much less than what a first-class Photographer would charge for One Dozen
(12) Cabinet Photographs, and scores of dollars less than an Oil Painting would cost.
BECAUSE, Photographs become scattered, lost, or may be forgotten, and the Oil or other painted Portrait
is hung in an obsecure place, therefore it is the dutv of every Veteran to place his features in the book,
where thev can be seen by all people and by the future Historian and Student of History.
The SURVIVORS of the dead should see that the portraits of their loved ones appear in this
WORK.
IF further information is wanted concerning Portrait and Book, address the publisher as below and a
prompt reply will be returned.
WILLIAM E. MICKLE, :: :: Editor-in-Chief
HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING. NEW ORLEANS, LA.
■ /
■
I
FEBRUARY, 1916
NO. 2
LEE
APRIL THE NINTH, NINETEEN FIFTEEN
Peace I leave with j?ou; mj) peace I give unto you."
'jlNI SILENT peace the stainless marble lies
«J Within the shadow of the sacred shrine
Beloved of Southern hearts; white-browed doth shine,
As hallowed light that falls from heaven-lit skies,
The grandeur glorified that never dies,
But deeper, brighter glows as years decline,
And human virtue, by God's grace divine,
Transcends defeat in War's brave-fought emprise.
Pure soul ! Thy loyal Southland, of its love
For thee, disdains to wound thy patient heart,
Recalling to thy thought that April day.
Such tenderness and faithful ward above
Thy dust doth loving reverence impart!
A Northron's laurel on thy brow I lay.
' Conceived by a Northerner while standing by the recumbent marhlf> in the Lee
Memorial Chapel at Lexington. Va.. on the fiftieth anniversary of Appomattox.
The South that day Was silent; one must believe out of tenderest regard for the feel-
inis ■ ' him who. had he been living. Would have been reminded by no true Southern-
er o) the sad surrender of his army. )
—Rev. A W. Littlefield. Needham. Mass.
1 - i J « . ■
52
Qopfederat^ Vetera^.
MONUMENT TO THE COMPOSER OF "DIXIE
LAND."
Appropriate to the year of 1915 was the erection of the
handsome memorial stone over the grave of Daniel Decatur
Enmiett in the cemetery of Mt. Vernon, Ohio, for it marked
the hundredth anniversary of the birth of the man who gave
to our country the ringing melody of "Dixie," the song des-
tined to become the inspiration of a nation and whose stirring
strains should be heard on her battle lines. Feeling that the
genius which produced such a song had not received due
recognition, Mr. James Henry Lewis, a wealthy citizen of
Ashtabula, Ohio, had this stone erected at his own expense.
The tablet is of "imperial blue" Vermont granite, eight feet
high and ten inches thick, of artistic design and workmanship,
with the following inscription :
"To the Memory of
Daniel Decatur Emmett,
1815-1004,
Whose Song.
'Dixie Land,'
Inspired the Courage and Devotion
of the Southern People and Now
Thrills the Hearts of a Reunited Nation."
When on that rainy Sunday afternoon away back in 1859
Daniel Emmett composed the rollicking song for his band of
minstrels, he little realized that fame waited on his pen, such
fame as leads to immortality. Had he been inspired by the
feeling that moved Francis Scott Key to write the "Star-
Spangled Banner." who can say what would have been his
reward? "Let me write the songs of a nation, and I care not
who makes its laws," was said understanding^. Even though
the song was not written with a high purpose, the composer
of "Dixie Land" was appreciated even in the community
where he was born and died, and more than one effort was
made to raise a fund for the erection of a monument to his
memory. Such a movement was started in Mt. Vernon some
years ago, but without success. Mr. Al G. Field was a de-
voted friend of "Uncle Dan" in his last years, and it was
his dream to help carry through such a movement, which he
started with his own contribution to the late editor of the
Veteran, S. A. Cunningham ; but at the time it was not feasi-
ble to undertake it, and the plan was not taken up again. Mr.
Field gave generously of his means and influence to make
"Uncle Dan's" last days comfortable.
This patriotic action of Mr. Lewis will be approved gen-
erally, and all who know anything of the authorship of
"Dixie" will be glad that its composer has not been left to
lie in an obscure and unmarked grave.
TO HONOR "DIXIE'S" AUTHOR.
THE DEVOTIOX OF THE SLAVE.
John C. Stiles, of Brunswick, Ga., takes this tribute from
"Four Years under Marse Robert," by Maj. Robert Stiles:
"Not often have I come in contact with relations more
beautiful than existed in some cases between young Southern
masters in the service and their slave attendants. These lat-
ter belonged for the most part to one of two classes; either
they were mature and faithful men, to whose care the lads'
parents had committed them, or else they were the special
chums and playmates of their young masters' boyhood days
and perhaps had attended and waited upon them in college.
"My first cousin, William Henry Stiles, Jr., captain in the
60th Georgia Infantry, of which his father was colonel, was
wounded late in the evening of the battle of Fredericksburg;
but the casualty was not generally known, probably because
the surgeons finding him on the field, after a hurried exami-
nation, pronounced his wound mortal and added, 'We are
sorry to leave you. Captain, but we have all we can do,' to
which he replied : 'Certainly, gentlemen, go and attend to the
men; but you are mistaken about me. I haven't the least
idea of dying.' So they left him. Neither his father nor any
member of his company was aware of his locality ; but there
was one faithful soul to whom he was more than all the
regiment. If his master continued missing, the world was
empty to him ; and so in cold, darkness, and sadness he
searched every foot of the ground the regiment had fought
over till at last he found him. Then the faithful slave wan-
dered about until he got from the bodies of the dead blankets
enough to make a warm, soft bed, carefully lifted his master
onto it, and covered him snugly. He then managed to start
a fire and got water for him, and finally, most important of
all, he got from the body of a dead Federal officer a small
flask of brandy and stimulated him carefully. About day-
light the doctors came again and, surprised to find the cap-
tain alive, made a more careful examination and found that
the ball had passed entirely through his body just between
the upper and lower vital parts, but that he would have died
from exposure had it not been for the faithful love that re-
fused to be satisfied until it had found and provided for him."
I shall add that my uncle's wound was received on the night
of December 13 ; and although the bullet in going through
struck a toothbrush and scattered bristles all through his
body, it is said that twelve days later he was able to walk
unaided up to the third story of a house in Richmond.
Qo^federat^ l/eterar).
53
CONFEDERATE WOMAN'S IK K\1E IN XORTH
CAROLINA.
The form :he Confederate Woman's Home of
North Carolina at Fayetteville in November, 1915, was
a notabli - i am in the dcdi
exercises following a brilliant
many prominent per-
sonages of the Old
North State took
part. This is a State
institution, built at a
cost of something
over $16,000, and the
furnishings cost $4,-
500. It was located
at Fayetteville
through the raising of
a special sum of $1,-
200 outside of the
State appropriation,
this sum being se-
cured through the 1 f
forts of Mrs. Hunter
G. Smith, a charter
member of the J. I
B. Stuart Chapti 1 .
U. D. C, of that
('Hi. and her asSO
ciates. To Mrs
Smith is due credit
for inaugurating the
movement to havi
such a home for needy women who had passed through the
war period of the South and deserved a haven ol resl in their
declining years, She brought this matter before th( U. D. C.
Convention al Goldsboro and was made chairman of a com-
mittee to begin the undertaking 1 ton the first bill was
introduced into thi legislature for an appropriation, and at
Ml m
iations were secured
for the building and its maintenan ird of directors
which the late Col. Ashley
Home, of Cla\t .■hairman until his death. Hi
succeeded by Col. Janus A, Bryan, of Xcwbern, who has
rk.
This a well-cons ling, commo
built with the thought to make the
inmates hap 1 life. Manx of the rooms are
irmary,
a perfect up with all modern hos-
pital accessories, has been furnished as a me-
morial to her mother and is called "The Juli Bcale
Infirmary.'' and the donor has nothing that would
help to make illness bearable.
The living room ha urnished by the family of Col.
to the
first chairman of the boar 1 is elegant
nd beautiful in its simplicity. The furniture is of
sian walnut, with ru
V autiful re who in his 1
time ami bi home might be a re;
One of the m
■ ted by the Junioi - Chapter. Chil-
whirb was the
banni
\ftcr tin the building by the g
the presentation un, with Colonel Bryan as
master of ceremonies. Mayor Gib tyetteville, made
the address of welcome to the city ; me. The formal
acceptance of the home v nor Daugh-
tridge for the S n. James I. MettS, of Wilmington,
now Commander of t I'. C. V.,
what had been ac-
■ omplisl Mrectors. '
A. Turner, of 1 the building and
paid special Hunter G. Smith for her wonder-
ful accomplishment. Thn she has labored
CONFEDERATE WOMAN S HOME AT FAYETTEVILLE. N. C.
54
^oi)federat<£ l/ecerai>.
unceasingly until her work was crowned in this dedication
of the home. Mrs. Hunter is First Vice President of the
North Carolina Division, U. D. C, and has held other im-
portant State offices. She is the daughter of a brave Confed-
erate soldier, Maj. B. C. Gorham.
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE ASHBURTON
TREATY.
BY LYON C. TYLER, LL.D., PRESIDENT OF WILLIAM AND MARY
COLLEGE.
In the Veteran for January, 1916, there appears an extract
from Dr. J. Lesslie Hall's writings regarding the part played
by President Tyler in the Treaty of Washington, popularly
called the Ashburton Treaty, negotiated with Great Britain
when Daniel Webster was Secretary of State, in 1842. I be-
lieve it is generally recognized that no treaty made by any
other administration from the beginning of the government
to the present time ever settled so many difficult and per-
plexing questions and that none stands so high as a monu-
ment to the extraordinary skill of those who brought it about.
Dr. Hall calls attention to the agency of President Tyler as
apart from that of the Secretary of State, but he hardly goes
far enough. Perhaps a more detailed statement might not
be uninteresting even after this- great lapse of time. Of
course as the President and his Secretary acted cordially to-
gether, each making and receiving suggestions, no perfectly
accurate distribution of the credit can be made.
They proceeded by informal conferences. Questions were
discussed between the President and Webster, and after an
agreement was reached Webster discussed them with Lord
Ashburton. Sometimes the advice of the whole Cabinet was
taken. After these conferences, the subject matter was re-
duced to writing and submitted to the President for his final
corrections, which were often of the most important charac-
ter. Thus "from step to step and day to day," to quote Mr.
Webster's own words, the negotiations proceeded "under the
President's own immediate supervision and directions."
In a letter written in 1858 Mr. Tyler said : "You are aware
that the negotiation with Lord Ashburton was conducted
without protocol or letter. The letters were written after
agreement and each submitted to me and received my cor-
rections."
One of the differences settled by the treaty was the north-
east boundary line, from the river St. Croix to the Rocky
Mountains. This question came down from the treaty of
peace in 1783, and all preceding administrations had failed to
solve it. It became involved in all kinds of complications and
perplexities, and at last, in 1828, it was referred to the de-
cision of the King of the Netherlands. This potentate, being
a practical man, determined that a precise line according to
the terms of the treaty was impossible, and in 1831 he sub-
mitted to the nations concerned a conventional line which he
deemed fair to both the United States and Great Britain.
Mr. Tazewell, the senior Senator from Virginia, Chairman of
the Committee on Foreign Relations, submitted a report in-
dorsing the award and concluding with a resolution advising
President Jackson to accept it. A motion was made to strike
out from the resolution all after the word "resolved" ; and
while Mr. Tyler, the other Virginia Senator, voted against
the motion, Mr. Webster, voicing the wishes of Massachusetts
and Maine, who stood for the full extent of the American
claim, voted in its favor.
The award was not accepted by the Senate, and the old
methods of explorations and surveys were again resorted to
in the vain attempt to locate points, lakes, and highlands not
sufficiently defined in the treaty of 1783.
Things had gotten to the fighting point between Maine and
New Brunswick at the time Mr. Tyler assumed the reins of
government, in 1841. Before this time Mr. Webster had come
over to the opinion expressed in the vote of Mr. Tyler in
1831, that the boundary was determinable only by compro-
mise, and the main difficulty to settlement was over when a
government prepared to accept this idea as a basic one came
into power under Mr. Tyler; for the British government ap-
pears to have been long of this view, antedating the award of
the King of the Netherlands. The chief remaining difficul-
ties proceeded from the personal factors in the negotiations.
Maine and Massachusetts, whose consent was necessary to
the treaty as involving their boundaries, were represented by
commissioners who were disinclined to make concessions.
Then the freedom of action of Lord Ashburton, the British
Minister, was very much limited by his instructions. And
Mr. Webster too is represented as having "his unreasonable,
ungracious, and difficult moods." Under these circumstances,
when disputes were frequent, the President's happy manners
and abundant tact were in great request. Repeatedly the
President intervened to bring the parties together, and he
never failed to smooth the way for a pleasant renewal of
diplomatic intercourse.
On one occasion especially there was a deadlock, and Lord
Ashburton seriously contemplated throwing up the negotia-
tions and going home, when war would probably have re-
sulted. In this unhappy state of affairs President Tyler sent
for the British negotiator; and Mr. Curtis, Mr. Webster's
biographer, states that it is "a fact which Mr. Webster al-
ways acknowledged that President Tyler's address in per-
suading Lord Ashburton to remain was most skillfully and
happily used." After much hard work a line was finally
agreed upon as far as the Rocky Mountains, which was con-
fessed as more to the interest of the United States than the
award rendered by the King of the Netherlands.
This disposed of the chief question in dispute. Two other
subjects were included in the treaty, and the first of these
related to the right claimed by England of visiting American
ships for the suppression of the slave trade. This pretended
right was distinguished from the right of search as being
confined to merely a so-called "visit" to ascertain whether a
ship flying the American flag was a British ship carrying
slaves and seeking to disguise its nationality. In practice the
two "rights" could not be distinguished, and many hardships
were entailed on American shipping by the action of British
captains. This question was of long standing, and no prog-
ress had ever been made on either side toward a settlement
until Mr. Tyler's administration. Now the question was put
at rest by what was called "the cruising convention" of the
treaty, which stipulated that each nation should keep a squad-
ron on the coast of Africa to act in cooperation for the search
of vessels suspected of carrying slaves.
This article, which was in strict coincidence with the Presi-
dent's views as expressed in his annual message of December
7, 1841, that the United States was capable of enforcing
its own laws against the slave trade by its own power
and authority, was placed in the treaty, as the President says,
"upon my own suggestion."
Qorjfederat^ l/eterai},
55
The other subject included in the treaty was the extradi-
tion of persons accused of committing certain enumerated
crimes. The necessity of some such stipulation had long
been recognized, and there was no particular credit due either
the President or Webster for its authorship.
There were, however, three other questions, all of danger-
ous tendency, which, though not included in the treaty, are,
nevertheless, to be considered a part of it. They were dis-
cussed and their principles settled in a correspondence which
accompanied the treaty.
The first of these was the case of the Caroline, employed
in 1837 by Canadian rebels and their sympathizers in the
United States for conveying supplies from New York to
Canada. This case involved the questions: (1) The sanctity
of the American territory, which the British authorities in
Canada violated in destroying the Caroline on the American
side of the Niagara River, and (2) the trial of Alexander
McLeod in New York for the death of an American while
McLeod was supposedly engaged in the British expedition
sent out to destroy the Caroline.
The published letters of Mr. Tyler show that he took an
active personal part in the settlement of this difficulty. He
conducted a correspondence with William H. Seward, the
Governor of New York, which sets out very lucidly the
tions of the government to the trial of McLeod; and in his
message December 7, 1841, he explained the rules governing
thr sanctity of a foreign territory. These rules were now re-
affirmed by Mr. Webster in his correspondence with Lord
Ashburton and admitted by the latter, wl 1 he re-
gret that "some explanation and apology" for the invasion
of the United States resulting in the destruction o( the Caro-
line "was not immediatelj made." The question of damages
to individuals was referred to future arrangement, and the
arbitrators appointed under the treaty of 1853 di
neithei the owners of the Caroline, on the one hand, nor
Alexander McLeod, on the other, had any just claims for
damages.
The second question whose principle was settled in the cor-
respondence was that of the Creole. Th< Creole was an
American ship which sailed from Hampton to New Orleans
with a cargo of domestic slaves. On the way the slaves re-
volted, Veil 1 off the person in charge of them, overpowered the
crew, and forced the pilot to convej them into the British
port of Nassau, in the West Indies. Here the authorities.
instead of assisting the crew in obtaining control of their
ship, entered on board anil aided the escape of the negroes.
As shown by his corrections 1 1 ord Ashburton's proposed
letter on the subject, it appeals conclusively lliat to the Presi-
dent is due the admission of the principle according to which
full damages for the escaped slaves were awarded to the
slave owners by the arbitrators appointed under the tr<
[853. In the published letter of Lord Ashburton it is admitted
that a merchant ship, which on the high seas is held by
international law as a part of the national territory, did not
lose this character if it came into a foreign port by "accident
or by violence" and that "any officious interference" of the
port authorities with affairs on hoard was unjustifiable. Now,
the letter of Lord Ashburton. as first submitted to the Presi-
dent, did not have the words "or by violence." which were
the only words that met the case under consideration. 1 h< 51
words were inserted by the President.
The third question involved in the correspondence was the
old one of impressment that brought about the War of 1812.
This was directly called to the attention of Mr. Webster by
the President in a note of May 8. 1842. "Would it be pos-
sible," he wrote, "to induce Great Britain to abandon her
claim to impress seamen in time of war from American ves-
sels? It would add luster to your negotiations." As in the
cases of the Creole and the Caroline, Lord Ashburton had
no authority to make a treaty stipulation on this question ; but
while stating the differences in the idea of allegiance existing
between the laws of the two countries, he distinctly acknowl-
edged in his correspondence that the execution of the claim
of England was attended with the risk of injury to others
and that "some remedy, if possible, should be supplied." In
the reply of this government the rule was announced which
should hereafter stand, that "in every regularly documented
American merchant vessel the crew who navigate it will find
their protection in the flag which is over them." This doc-
trine Great Britain has ever since respected.
Finally, the President played an important part in shaping
matters for the action of the Senate. Mr. Webster was in
favor of submitting the three subjects of the treaty to the
Senate in separate conventions for separate ratification, but
the President overruled him in this; and there can be little
doubt that the large vote given to the ratification of the
was largely due to the union of the three questions
which it embraced and which appealed with different force to
the different sections of the L'nion. Possibly no one of them
separately might have received the sanction of the Senate on
nt of the prejudices attending the subject matter.
Shortly after the treaty was ratified by the Senate Mr.
ter expressed his acknowdedgments to the President in
flowing words: "I shall never speak of this negotia-
tion, my dear sir, which I believe is destined to make some
hi the hi?: country, without doing you justice.
Steady support and confidence, your anxious and in-
n to what was in progress, and your exceed-
ingly obliging and pleasant intercourse both with the I
Minister and the commissioners of the State have given every
lie facility to my agency in this important transaction."
In November of the next year (1843) he wrote as follows:
"In the late negotiation with the English envoy 1 acted, of
course, by the authority and under the direction of the Presi-
dent. If the immediate labor devolved on me, the constant
ision and final sanction belonged to him." Some years
later Webster again wrote: "Nor shall I cease to remember
his [Tyler's] steady and really able cooperation in, as well
as his official sanction of. my own poor labors in the Treaty
of Washington."
Finally, John C. Spencer, of New York, who as Secretary
of War at the time was fully cognizant of all matters, wrote
as follows not long after the treaty was ratified: "It is bare
iustice to the President to say that in the negotiation of the
various, and some of them exceedingly complicated, provi-
sions of the recent treaty his suggestions and advice were
frequently of the most important character and facilitated the
labors of the distinguished negotiator on the part of the
I nited States, and that to those suggestions and to the readi-
ness with which he devoted himself to the task of assisting
in the removal of the difficulties and to the constant, steady,
and firm support which he rendered to the American repre-
sentative may justly be accorded much of the success which
crowned the negotiations."
'For this is the light of the days that be.
From the years of war and an age of grief:
The whiteness of truth that spirits see.
The beauty of life with the olive leaf."
*6
^or^federat^ l/eterar?,
Qor>federat^ l/eterap.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the prim iblicatlon and realize its benefits as
an organ for Association.-- throughout the South are requested to commend
tronage and i<> cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly dill
THE BIRMINGHAM REUNION.
Gen. Bennett II. Young, Commander in Chief U. C. V.,
calls the annual Reunion, to be held at Birmingham, Ala., for
May 1(1-18, 1916.
FOR RELIEF OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS.
The bill t<> provide homes for Confederate veterans, known
as the Works Bill, lias again come before Congress, having
been reintroduced by Senator Works, of California, that
eminent humanitarian who was the first Union veteran to
advocate a home for destitute Confederate men and women
to be supported by our common government. This bill, with
some modification and changes from its first form, is given
on page 90 of this number of the Veteran, though it needs
no introduction to our readers, having been thoroughly ex-
ploited in these pages in the early part of 1915. The bill
has aroused great interest in the South and has been com-
mended by all the Confederate organizations. It is also
favored by the best class of Union veterans, and it really
seems the most practical of all efforts that have been made
to secure government aid for indigent Confederates. It is
in no sense a pension measure, but provides a means for
using property which the United States Inspector General
has advised being abandoned, there being too few of the in-
mates to justify its being kept up for their benefit.
To insure the passage of this bill, its friends throughout
the South should write their members of Congress to sup-
port the measure. It has the indorsement of such men as
Senators Bankhead, Thornton, and White, who were Con-
federate soldiers, and also Senators Williams and Swanson.
The five Representatives of the House who followed the
Stars and Bars have heartily favored the measure. It was
introduced in the House by General Estopinal, of Louisiana,
and was supported by Messrs. Stedman, Talbott, Taylor, and
Harris.
A late report shows that the Commissioner of Pensions in
bis report for 1915 estimates that there are less than 800,000
Union veterans and widows now living. There are, perhaps,
200,000 Confederates of both sexes left. For the widows only
four Slates provide a home — Mississippi, Missouri, Okla-
homa, Texas, and perhaps Kentucky — and many veterans pre-
fer to endure deepest poverty rather than be separated from
their wives. This bill introduced by Senator Works provides
for the admission of both husband and wife, and in other
respects it is a humanitarian measure, by which the govern-
ment will be enabled to return to the people of the South a
part of its obligation to that part of the country.
Friends of the measure everywhere, write to your Senators
and Representatives to give it their support.
I he unsigned manuscript had been in the office for some
time and was thought to be from Dr. DuBose's book on "Gen.
Josi |ih Wheeler and the Army of Tennessee." A letter from
him disclaims the authorship, and he adds: "I doubt not the
real author of the graphic account of this heroic and splen-
did achievement of General Wheeler will come to claim his
own. If Longstrcet had executed Bragg's part, made for him
in support of Wheeler on that occasion, Rosecrans would
have been without ammunition or supplies. The cavalry part
of the Confederate war should be separately accounted for
by history. The prowess of the Confederacy in war can be
understood only by such a recital. There has never been cav-
alry equal to it in the annals of the world's wars."
General Young also wrote of the error, calling attention to
this article's being Chapter IV. in his book on "Confederate
Wizards of the Saddle," his tribute to those daring leaders
who developed the cavalry of the Confederate army and made
it so effective. In his "Foreword" General Young says that •
"the book is written with the bias of a cavalryman" : but in
recounting the accomplishments of this arm of the service he
shows that "the marvelous endurance of the men who fol-
lowed Forrest and Stuart and Morgan and Hampton and
Shelby and Green and McCulloch and Price has never been
equaled. Storms and floods had no terror for them. No
enemy was safe from their avenging hand, and no vigilance
could defy their enterprise. There were no alarms in any
work for these brave and tireless riders. Single riders and
even small troops of cavalry had made marches of a hundred
miles in a day; but it remained for generals like Wheeler,
Morgan, Forrest, Stuart, Hampton, Shelby, Marmaduke, and
Green to demonstrate the potency and tremendous value of
cavalry in war and lengthen the possibility of a day's march."
That this error has helped to call special attention to a
book which has added so much to our historical records in
bringing out the value of the cavalry department of the Con-
federate army, with due credit to its daring leaders, will
mitigate the fault in having allowed such an error to be
made. The article on "Wheeler's Raid into Tennessee" is
but one of the many interesting chapters which "make up a
great history of great leaders and valiant soldiers."
AN APPRECIATED LETTER.
Birmingham, Ala., December 30, 1915.
Editor of the Veteran: It is exceedingly gratifying to the
lovers of the history of the Southern Confederacy to be eye-
witnesses monthly of the evidence that the scheme of the
Confederate Veteran is active, efficient, and reliable, with
the noble scheme of its foundation in working order.
In the annals of historical literature the Veteran is the
most unique in design and the most satisfying to the elements
of truth. Plutarch had the same idea forward, but did not
have the opportunity controlled by the Veteran.
At the beginning of your calendar year I venture to con-
gratulate you, bringing to you my best wishes now and for-
ever. ToHN WlTHERSPOON DuBoS]
A MISTAKE IN AUTHORSHIP.
An unfortunate error was made in crediting the article on
"Wheeler's Raid into Tennessee," appearing in the Veteran
for January, page 10, to Dr. John W. DuBose, of Alabama,
instead of to the rightful author, Gen. Bennett H. Young.
Stephens Memorial School. — In the article regarding the
effort to establish a school in memory of the beloved Alex-
ander II. Stephens, of Georgia, who aided so many young
men to obtain an education, it should have been mentioned
that the movement originated with Judge Horace Holden
some years ago. It is now hoped to make this the leading
work of the U. D. C. of that State.
Qopfederac^ i/eterap.
by
COMMANDER ARMY OF TENNESSEE DEPART-
MENT, U. C. V.
Gen. George P. Harrison, lieutenant general commanding
the Army of Tennessee Department, I'. C. V., is one of the
last surviving generals of the war. He began his military
career on January 3, 1S61, in the siege of Fort Pulaski and
shortly thereafter was made commandant of the Georgia
Military Institute. In May, 1861, he rejoined his regiment
in Virginia. In less than a year he was elected colonel of the
5th Georgia State Troops and later was made colonel of the
32d Regiment of Georgia Infantry. While only a colonel he
commanded a brigade from July, 1863, until the winter of
1864, when lie was elected and confirmed as brigadier gen-
eral. He was prominent in the defense of Charleston and
alternated with Generals Hagood and Colquitt in the com-
mand of Fort Johnson. He was in the assault in July, [863,
on Fort Wagner, where he manifested great ability as well as
great valor. He commanded the Confederate prison for Fed-
eral soldiers at Florence, S. C, where 1 <<usand
prisoners were gathered. In recognition of his kindness to
these prisoners when Savannah surrendered to the Federals,
by special order of the Federal commander thi temporary
home of his family was protected
It was in the battle of Olustee. Fla., in February,
that General Harrison, then in command of ne two
brigades that composed tin Confederate forces under Gen-
eral Finegan, won just distim lerals this
was nm -I liesl battles of the w ar,
of mortality among the Federals was very great, and the
rals Finegan, Colquitt, and Harrison pre-
vented the capture of a large part of the State of Florida
and its subjection to Federal rule. It had been the inten-
tion of the Federal government to overrun one-half of
Florida and organize it into a separate State, as was done
in the case of Virginia and West Virginia. General 1
son was engaged in all of the battles in South Carolina, and
finally at Bentonville, in North Carolina, he took a con-
spicuous part and won from his superiors highest comn
tion. He was wounded both at John's Island and in the battle
of Olustee, and his horse was killed under him during the
last conflict.
Immediately after the war he was elected commandant of
of the University of Alabama and
In the practice of law he becam.
successful, and in political life he was one of the chief <1
ers of the highest interests of the people of Alabama. A mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention ii uently
State Senator, and then President of the State Senate, he was
t" the Natioi invention in
Hon. W. C. Oates having dii n wa<
! to fill out his unexpired term and also a full term in
fty-Fourth Congri - if tbc most
remarkable in the I He
had ju hi- twenty-fourth birthday when th
ed from the beginning t V war
in Virginia, Xortli Carolina, South Carolin
and was among the youi . iier generals in the serv-
Brave of hi
Bts of his people, hi n honored in many ways.
For many years he was Commander of the Stati Divis
nander
of the Army of I Department. Constant in his
attendance upon all the Reuni serving his C
comrades in every capacity, he has won the love and
• of all surviving Xo living general
id wider service, w nors, or done more
lie cause of the Southland than General Harrison. lie
recognized for many years as one of the
leaders in the United Confederate work and has
• well as deserved, the highest honors which
been bestowed upon him.
GEN. GEORGE P. HARRISON.
STRENGTH OF 1111 CONFEl
BY THI EW TAZEWELL, iF.NN*.
I hi rosters of Confederate troops that have been gotten up
mthern States show thai there were more
in tin innv than have been estimated. These
companies and regiments are deceptive and make
: than it really was. I had five bl
ni tin miy, and the six of us served in eight
farm adjoining ours there were three
Johnson boys who enlisted and served in six companies and
ive different regiments. Tom Johnson first joined Company
C, 29th ifantry, served his twelve months, and at
the re .uncut left that command and
joined Company A. 63d Tennessee Infantry, served awhile.
and was then sent to the hospital. On leaving the hospital
1 with a company of the 1st East Tennessee Cavalry
ent, which he joined, and was surrendered with this
ny by Johnston in North Carolina. We should all like
to know how many men were in the Confederate service, but
complet of different companies would increase the
number at least twenl ' pel cent over our real strength.
5« ^opfederat^ l/eteraij.
XDlnite& ©augbters of the Confederacy
Mrs. Frank G. Odenheimer, President General.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General. Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President General. Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Registrar General.
Mrs. Lula A. Lovell, Third Vice President General. Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian General.
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General. Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor.
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General. Mrs. W. K. Beard. Custodian Flags and Pennants.
'■'■Love Makes Memory Eternal.'1''
FROM THE PRESIDES! GENERAL.
My Dear Daughters: It is a great pleasure to have the op-
portunity of greeting you each month and to acknowledge
through the columns of this our official organ the many kind
expressions and letters that I receive from you. I intend in
the future to give you as full an account as I can of what we
are doing and what we propose to do in our organization. I
find on coming in closer touch with the work that we are
accomplishing wonders in U. D. C. lines. Let us accomplish
mere this year than ever. Look to your educational work,
go to your schools, and watch the histories that are being
used. Pay off every cent that is due on our beautiful monu-
ment at Arlington, then turn shoulder to shoulder and raise
the necessary money to pay for our Shiloh monument when
it is turned over to us. Mrs. A. B. White, the director gen-
eral of the Shiloh monument, is most enthusiastic about its
magnificence and expects to see it unveiled within a year.
No monument could ever be erected great enough to express
our veneration for the men who fought for our Southland ;
but these two sentinels, one at Arlington and one at Shiloh,
speak of the loving memory the Daughters of the Confed-
eracy have for these heroes.
By the action of the Savannah Convention the invitation
was accepted to place a window in the Red Cross Building
in Washington. This building is to be a memorial to the
women of the sixties, and it will be completed in the spring
of this year. The cost of the window placed by the LT. D. C.
will be rive thousand dollars. Mrs. A. McKimbrough, of
Greenwood, Miss., is chairman for this committee, and it is
necessary that Division and Chapter Presidents at once take
up the raising of funds for this purpose in their States.
It gives me pleasure to tell you that the splendid address,
"Historical Sins of Omission and Commission," delivered by
our Historian General in San Francisco, is now ready for
distribution. I urge you to send at once the necessary
postage (one cent each) for copies to Miss Mildred Ruther-
ford, Athens, Ga. These addresses are looked forward to
year after year as charming bits of true history, and this
year's completes a most valuable tile. In the interest of truth
in history every Daughter should see that one of these copies
is not only in her own household, but in the schools and li-
braries of her community.
Mrs. Elizabeth Bashinsky. of Troy, Ala., as our Second
Vice President General, is by the New Orleans rulings also
the Custodian of Badges. These badges are $3.75 each with-
out the bar and $4.50 with the bar. I am telling you this be-
cause the question is often asked me where to get them and
how much they cost. I am quite sure every Daughter will
find joy in being the possessor of one and pride in being able
to wear it. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer.
President General U. D. C.
THE OFFICIAL BADGE.
Troy. Ala., January 10, 1916.
My Dear Chapter Presidents and Daughters: As Second
Vice President General U. D. C. and Custodian of the U. D.
C. Official Badge, 1 should very much appreciate your effort
and influence in urging members of your Chapter and other
U. D. C. friends to secure these badges.
It seems to me that every Daughter would feel that she
must avail herself of the privilege that is hers and wear our
U. D. C. badge of honor, recognized wherever seen as a sym-
bol of the valor, loyalty, self-sacrifice, and dauntless courage
or our Confederate ancestry.
It is my earnest wish to make this a record-breaking year
in the sale of badges. Will not you and your members help
make this wish come true?
I have a full supply of badge permits, which I shall be glad
to send upon request ; and orders for badges, with and with-
out the bar, will be filled by return mail.
Hoping to have the pleasure of serving you frequently dur-
ing the coming year and with all good wishes, I am,
Yours sincerely, Elizabeth B. Bashinsky.
Second Vice President General U. D. C, Custodian U. D. C.
Official Badge.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. T. O. T1MBERLAKE, STONEWALL JACKSON CHAPTER, X0. 20.
The District of Columbia Division feels just a little better
acquainted with the Veteran readers this month, and we do
hope that as the months go by you will learn to love us and
have an interest in our activities, as we through our close
affiliation and our Veteran acquaintance have from time to
time been much interested in and loved the many sister Di-
visions.
One of the many gracious courtesies which have been ex-
tended our Division is the invitation to Mrs. Maude Howell
Smith, our President, to be a special guest of the Philadelphia
Chapter at its banquet January 10 in honor of Mrs. Frank
G. Odenheimer, President- General.
At the presentation of "The Battle Cry of Peace" and the
reception the same evening given by the D. A. R. in Con-
tinental Memorial Hall our Division- President was invited by
Mrs. William Cumming Story to assist in receiving and was
in the receiving line.
Mrs. Drury Conway Ludlow, First Vice President of Stone-
wall Jackson Chapter, Xo. 20. is now its acting President.
There will be no election until November to fill the vacancy
created by the death of our late President, Mrs. Magnus S.
Thompson.
Qo^federat^ l/eterar).
5! )
Robert E. Lee Chapter, No. 644, held its last meeting De-
cember 28 at the Confederate Memorial Home. Following
the regular order of business, Mrs. Wallace Streater, Chapter
Historian, presented many interesting facts concerning our
great leader, Robert E. Lee. Music and refreshments were
also enjoyed. The Chapter is planning a reception to the local
veterans to be held the latter part of January.
The baby Chapter in our Division is the local Winnie Davis
Chapter, organized in the fall of 1911 by Mrs. Marion Butler,
and its membership is composed of young girls in the Di-
vision, only the young unmarried women being eligible to
■ C. IN .\ :K city.
MRS. MAUDE HOWELL SMITH.
President District oi Columbia Division, 1 . D. C . Mei
tht Pn sldenl (irnor.il.
this Chapter, [ts members are most active in all benefits and
entertainments of every kind given by the Division or any of
its Chapters. In addition to its charitable work, the Winnie
Davis Chapter enjoys a round of social activities during the
year. At the January meeting on the 26th the following new
officers were installed: Miss Nell R President;
Mrs. W. H. Thrall. Miss Catharine Carroll Bowie, Miss Jose-
phine Saunders. Vice Presidents: Miss Asha Wells. Re.
Secretary ; Miss Mary Key Compton. Corresponding Secre-
tary: Miss Helen Griffith, treasurer; Miss Jane Dodge, Regis-
trar; Miss Aliee Theobald, Historian; Miss Lena Wilkins,
Parliamentarian; Mrs. E. Buchanan, CWodian.
The Division gave a benefit card party at the Cairo on
Friday afternoon, January 14. Many prominent women in
Washington took a deep interest in this affair, and as patron-
esses its success, both social and financial, was assured.
The Mary Mildred Sullivan Chapter, U. D. C, of New
York City, held its annual meeting on December 6, 1915.
In her report the President, Mrs. Algernon Sydney Sulli-
van, whose ripe judgment and wise counsel have for four
active and eventful years guided the destinies of the CI
dwelt upon the fact that during the past year this Chapter
had entered a field of constructive activity in combining its
educational and memorial work. In memory of its deceased
associate member, James Rice Buford. a veteran of Company
A, 3d Virginia Cavalry, it has. through the generosity of its
First Vice President, Mrs. Elizabeth 1
dowed in George Peabody College for Teachers. Nashville.
Tenn.. a summer scl inrship for the use each sum-
mer of a teacher from Brunswick County. Ya . Veteran Bu-
lifelong home.
The tenure of office of Mrs. Sullivan and Mrs. Phillips
having expired by constitutional limitation, they were elected
Honorary Presidents of the Chapter, and the following active
officers were elected: President. Mrs. Livings!
ler; First Vice President, Mrs. Silas F. Catchings ; Second
Yicc President, Mrs. Lucy Randolph Cantley ; Recording Sec-
':'"- I hn J. Lordan; Corresponding Secretary. Miss
Catchings Thcrrel: Treasurer. Mrs. Francis Edwards
Hill; Registrar. Mrs. Eugene Frayer ; Historian, Mrs. Wil-
liam Ward Childs; Recorder of Crosses. Mrs William H.
Williams.
The 6th of January, the fourth anniversary of the organiza-
tion of the Chapter, was celebrated according to custom by a
>n at the home of Mrs. Livingston Rowe Schuyler,
er and incoming Pn [ the Chapter.
SOi IN A DIVISION.
Since the Division convention in Aiken, November 18 and
st South Carolina Chapters have held meetings and
heard reports from their delegates of the proceedings of that
body. These representatives returned to their homes filled
with fresh 1 .1 for the work of the organization and
have urged upon the various Chapters the necessity of co-
ion in all of the end the order.
The John 1 lanes Chapter, of Jonesville, has the honor of
giving to South Carolina Division its new President, and in
token of its appreciation of her and of the position she fills
the Chapter recently tendered to Mi v. McWhirter a brilliant
'ion.
It is noticeable that in their December programs a number
of Chapter- :ilk«s or papers describing a Christ-
mas before the war. will be valuable his-
tory sometime ami art well worth preserving.
The two Chapters in <. planned a real Christmas
tree for the - living at the Soldiers' Home in that
city. Now in tin evening of life it is a beautiful thing to re-
vive in the old hearts memories of long ago. and some of the
ack again when they
stand once more around a Christmas tree, their very own, and
receive into gnarled, kno:: trembling hands Christmas
gifts from the good 1 oi children, old as well as
young.
An Anderson Chapter sent yulctidc cheer, arranged in at-
tractive style, to 1I1, , County Home for Indigents.
In all of the Chapters the study of history, especially of the
South and of their own State, is a part of the monthly work.
One Chapter has planned for the coming year to make the
6o
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
lives, characters, and deeds of Confederate generals their
theme. Another takes up Southern poetry. In one local his-
tory is a greatly enjoyed feature, and much valuable informa-
tion which would otherwise have perished with the older
generation has been preserved.
Some Chapters are represented at the Woman's Auxiliary
to the Southern Commercial Congress in Charleston and are
the recipients of many .charming social attentions in that most
hospitable city.
THE MISSISSIPPI DIVISION.
BY MRS. NETTIE STORY MILLER. EDITOR.
Great interest is manifested among the Daughters of the
Mississippi Division for the preservation of the old capilol,
and all energies are being exerted for this purpose. Earnest
appeals have been sent to all senators, representatives, State
officers, and men of great influence, asking them to support
the bill when it is presented to the legislature. Mrs. Vir-
ginia Redditt Price, the capable President of the Division,
will be given an opportunity to address the legislature when
the bill comes up for consideration and will make a strong
plea for the restoration of this historic building. The old
capitol is so closely interwoven with the history of Mississippi
and her great statesmen, so intimately associated with the
birth of Mississippi as a Confederate State, the Secession
Convention having been held within those walls, passing that
historic document, the "Secession Ordinance," thus severing
Mississippi from the Union. For years the U. D. C. have
been very active in this patriotic work and will put forth
every effort to preserve the building.
Ringing resolutions demanding the preservation of the his-
toric old Statehouse, now crumbling to ruin and decay, have
been adopted by the United Confederate Veterans, Daughters
of the Confederacy, Sons of Veterans, Federation of Women's
Clubs, other patriotic and civic societies, and they are deter-
mined that the ancient building shall not be destroyed.
The Mississippi Division feels very deeply the death of the
beloved ex-President, Mrs. Lucy Green Yerger, of Green-
ville, who so faithfully discharged the duties as Chairman of the
Maintenance Fund, and Miss Mary Harrison, President of the
Stephen D. Lee Chapter of Columbus. These dear Daughters
never failed in devotion to the work of our cause, which they
so dearly loved and to which they gave their best years.
Many deeds might be told of the lives they so beautifully
lived.
To Miss Alice Lamkin, of McComb Chapter, comes great
reward for her untiring efforts as a member of the Shiloh
Monument Committee, for through her splendid work she has
personally collected $90, and her 'Chapter is first in donations
to the Beauvoir Monument Fund.
THE OHIO DIVISION.
BY MRS. MAY DUDLEY TAYLOR.
The Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter of Cincinnati was
hostess to the Ohio State Convention, U. D. C, in that city
October 19-21. The Ohio Division consists of six Chap-
ters— the R. E. Lee and the Dixie, in Columbus; the Alex H.
Stephens, of Cleveland ; the Gen. Joe Wheeler, of Dayton ;
the Stonewall Jackson and the Albert Sidney Johnston, of
Cincinnati — and the State officers and delegates from each of
these Chapters were in attendance. Mrs. J. B. Doan, President
of the hostess Chapter, had not limited her efforts to make the
convention a success, and it was one of the very best we have
ever held in the State.
On Historical Evening (Tuesday) the ladies in the receiv-
ing line were costumed in gowns of ante-bellum days — some
over a hundred years old — and their quaint style was very be-
coming to all. The address of welcome by Mrs. Doan was
responded to by Airs. W. B. Sells, State President. Mrs.
John L. Shearer gave a most excellent paper on "The Wom-
en of the Confederacy." Groups of songs by gifted artists
made up a delightful evening, and at the close of the enter-
tainment delicious refreshments were served.
On Wednesday morning the convention proper opened, and
the short sessions of business were devoted mainly to revising
the State constitution. In the afternoon an auto ride through
the handsome suburbs of the city was given the delegates and
officers. The cotton ball was held that evening, the beautiful
ballroom of the hotel being decorated in red and white and
with real cotton bolls. The feature of the evening was the
ever-lovely dancing of the minuet and Virginia reel by eight
beautiful young girls and men in costumes of ante-bellum
times. Most of the guests were in cotton gowns, though there
were many gorgeous costumes.
Reports from officers and delegates on the year's work
marked the closing day of the convention. One of the chief
topics was the important motion, which was carried, to make
grand-nieces eligible to membership. The election of officers
came next in order and resulted as follows : President, Mrs.
W. B. Sells, Columbus ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. E. Nelson
High and Mrs. D. W. Smith, Cincinnati, and Mrs. Robert
Lindsey, Cleveland; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Edward Wins-
low, Cincinnati; Corresponding Secretary. Mrs. Marcus
Crocker, Columbus; Treasurer. Mrs. A. L. Rose, Columbus;
Registrar, Mrs. John Dorsey, Cleveland; Custodian and His-
torian, Mrs. Estabrook, Dayton ; Correspondent of the Ohio
State Division to the Confederate Veteran, Mrs. May D.
Taylor, Cincinnati.
This closed the convention. The invitation extended by
the Gen. Joe Wheeler Chapter to meet in Dayton next Oc-
tober was enthusiastically accepted. Dayton has the smallest
Chapter in the Division, but its members are full of energy
and ambition.
The Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter of Cincinnati is a few
months over two years old and now has a membership of fully
sixty, with a long waiting list. You dear sisters of the sunny
Southern States may congratulate your Northern sisters on
such progress, having to battle with so much prejudice here.
FROM THE HISTORIAN GENERAL.
BY MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, CA.
The speech "Historical Sins of Omission and Commission,"
U. D. C. and C. of C. programs for 1916, and the open letter
to State Historians and Chapter Historians where no Di-
vision exists are ready; and if material for historical study
has not been received, it is your State Historian's fault. The
Historian General sends out a postal asking what they need
and if it is to be sent by freight or express collect. In an-
swer to that card sufficient material is sent to her for all
Chapters in her State. To her the members of Chapters
apply if she does not send to them their share. It is the part
of the State Historian, at the expense of the State Division,
to mail to the Chapter Historian this matter for the historical
work.
All Chapter Presidents should order copies of the speech
from the Historian General for every member of their Chap-
ters (one cent per copy). The supply of programs and open
letters is limited and can be secured only from State His-
Qpijfederat^ l/eterai).
61
torians. It is earnestly urged by the Historian General that
the programs prepared by her shall be used in the Chapter
work. This concerted action will bring about great results.
Both U. D. C. and C. of C. programs are bound in one pam-
phlet this year for economy's sake. Preserve your programs
carefully. Take the Confederate Veteran, for in it also each
month will be the two programs, with suggestions.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR MARCH, 1916.
Who Burned Columbia?
(Answers to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 23 and 24.)
Ritual.
1. Give Sherman's official report at time Columbia was
burned. (Pages 23, 24. 1
2. What order had Gen. Wade Hampton given before leav-
ing Columbia? (Page 24.)
3. Who testified that no cotton was burning when Confed-
erate troops left the city? (Page 24.)
4. What did the aid-de-camp of Sherman say about this?
(Page 24.)
5. What testimony does Dr. Joseph LeConte give in his
autobiography? (Page 24.)
6. Why was Sherman forced to retract what was said in
his official report?
7. Win. demanded an investigation? (Page 24.)
8. What did Whitelaw Reid say of the burning of Colum-
bia? (Page 25.)
Reading, "The Burning of Columbia."
"Carolina' Carolina!" Henry Timrod.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR MARCH, 1916.
Ritual.
1. Who first organized the Children of the (
(1) in Virginia. (2) in North Carolina, (3) in Georgia?
2. How many auxiliaries are there now in the South?
3. Where was the first C. of C. Conference held? How
many delegates?
4. Has your auxiliary a United States flag? Are you taught
to honor it as our nation's flag? Can you sing the "Star-
Spangled Banner"?
5. Do you know who wrote it and when? Give a sketch
of his life.
6. Has your auxiliary the tour Confederate flags? Do you
know when and why they were changed? Can you recite
Father Ryan's "Furl That Banner"?
'. Has your auxiliary a State flag? Do you know what it
means and when adopted?
8. Do you know the difference between the United States
seal, the Confederate seal, and your own State seal?
9. What do you do for the veterans that arc still with you?
10. Will you not this year work to have the pensions for
veterans increased? Ask your directress to tell you how to
go about this.
For the history of the Virginia C. of C, write to Mrs. F.
A. Walke. Norfolk. Va.
For the history of the North Carolina C. of C, write to
Miss Georgia Hicks. State Historian. Faison, N. C.
The State minutes will give the number of auxiliaries.
The first State Conference C. of C. was held in Atlanta,
pa., in 1012. Miss Elizabeth Hanna, Directress; Mrs. Walter
D. Lamar. State President.
THE BURNING OF COLUMBIA.
When the news of Sherman's approach reached Columbia,
S. C. in February, 1865, the mayor of the city sent the fol-
lowing communication to General Sherman :
"Mayor's Office, Columbia. S. C, February 17, 1865.
"To Major Genera! Sherman: The Confederate forces have
evacuated Columbia. I deem it my duty as mayor and rep-
resentative of the city to ask for its citizens the treatment
accorded by the usages of civilized warfare. I therefore re-
spectfully request that you will send a sufficient guard in ad-
vance of the army to maintain order in the city and protect
the persons and proper! citizens.
"Very respectfully you- I servant.
T. T. Goodwvn. Mayor."
Colonel Stone, who received the mayor's communication,
said he could not answer for General Sherman; but he would
assure him that the safety of the citizens and protection of
the property could ' .bile under his (Stone's)
command, and he felt sure that General Sherman would con-
firm this promise. S tly General Sherman did con-
firm it and told the mayor that night : "Not a finger's bi
Mr. Mayor, of your city shall be harmed. You may lie down
to sleep, satisfied that your town will be as safe in my hands
as if wholly in your own" He added: "It will become my
duty to destroy some of the public buildings, but I will re-
serve this performance to another day. It shall be done to-
morrow, provided the day be calm."
With this assuratn < tryn retired. But scarcely
had the troops reached the head of Main Street when the
\\"rk of pillage began. The soldiers were orderly and under
complete control of the officers when they first entered the
iroving that, had the officers so desired, they could have
prevented the pillage. General Sherman, at the head of the
cavalry, rode through the streets with his officers. They saw
i'bery going on at every corner and yet made no effort
to prevent it.
I here is no doubt that the hurtling of Columbia had been
planned before the army left Lexington, S. C. General Kil-
patrick, one of Sherman's generals, said in Lexington on
February H>: "Sherman will lay it [Columbia] in ashes for
them." One of his lieutenants wrote to Mrs. McCord : "My
heart bleeds to think of what is threatening. Leave the town ;
to go anywhere will be safer than there." The leader of a
squad of men said to W. H. Orchard that night: "If you
have anything you wish to save, take care of it at once, for
before morning this town will be in ashes. You watch.
and you will see three rockets go up soon." Within an
hour three rockets did go up. and fires broke out at that
in all parts of the city at the same moment. The sol-
diers of General Sherman declared that the rockets were the
appointed signal of a general conflagration. By five o'clock
in the morning of February 18 more than two-thirds of the
city had been destroyed. The soldiers pierced the hose with
their bayonets to prevent any effort to extinguish the fire.
did not General Sherman and his officers prevent this
if it was not done with their full approval or rather by their
direct command?
Gen. Wade Hampton, when he saw General Sherman's of-
ficial report, asked that lie should be allowed to vindicate him-
self. He said: "It is due to history, if it is not to me, that
the falsehoods of General Sherman in reference to the de-
struction of this city should be exposed. In his report he
62
(^oijfederat^ l/eterag.
says: 'I disclaim on the part of my army any agency in this
fire, but, on the contrary, claim that we saved what of Colum-
bia remains unconsumed. And without hesitation I charge
Gen. Wade Hampton with having burned his own city of
Columbia, not with malicious intent, as the manifestation of a
silly Roman stoicism, but from folly and want of sense in
filling it with cotton and tinder. Our officers and men on
duty worked well to extinguish the flames. Gen. Wade Hamp-
ton, who commanded the rear guard of the cavalry, had, in
anticipation of our capture of Columbia, ordered all cotton,
public and private, to be moved into the street and fired to
prevent our making use of it.' There is not one word of
truth in this statement except that 'Gen. Wade Hampton
commanded the rear guard of the cavalry.' I did not order
any cotton moved into the street and fired. On the contrary,
I represented to General Beauregard the danger to the town
by firing the cotton on the streets. I left the city as Sher-
man's column entered it, and I assert and can prove by thou-
sands that not one bale of cotton was on fire when he took
possession of the city. His assertion to the contrary is false,
and he knows it to be so. * * * He shall not with im-
punity make me the scapegoat of his sins. For his deeds his-
tory will brand him as a robber and incendiary and will cer-
tainly 'damn him to everlasting infamy.' "
ALEXANDER STEPHEXS MEMORIAL SCHOOL.
Six years ago a movement was started to build in Craw-
fordville, Ga., a school for the higher education of poor boys
and girls, the institution to be a memorial to one the whole
South loves to honor, Alexander Hamilton Stephens. As
every one familiar with the life of .this great and good man
knows, Mr. Stephens received his education through a loan,
returning every penny to his benefactor when he was in posi-
tion to do so. This will be the principle of the Stephens Me-
morial School. Students enter the class to which they may be
assigned, remaining until graduation, paying no board or tui-
tion. After they finish school and secure positions, they are
to pay ten per cent of their salary until the sum used toward
their education has been paid. Any poor boy or girl of the
right kind of material will be only too pleased to receive
an education in this way.
Judge Horace Holden, of Athens, a native of Crawford-
ville, is the father of this movement. As has been before
stated, it was six years ago that Judge Holden requested the
Georgia Division, U. D. C, to consider the question of estab-
lishing this school. It was received with enthusiasm ; but at
the time the Division was paying a pledge of $10,000 to Rabun
Gap Alountain School, a memorial to Gen. Francis Bartow,
and could not undertake the erection of this memorial.
Last spring the Georgia Division petitioned the State legis-
lative bodies to build the school as a branch of the State uni-
versity. (Liberty Hall, the home of Mr. Stephens, on the
grounds of which is also the Stephens High School, is owned
by the Stephens Monument Association, which, in the event
of the passing of the bill, was to turn the entire property
over to the State.) The bill was passed, but unfortunately
an amendment provides that the State must not support it.
It is possible that the legislative bodies may take more favor-
able action at the next session, but the uncertainty is too great.
Mrs. Frank Walden as chairman of the Scholarship Commit-
tee of the Georgia Division, U. D. C, has received in less
than one year eight hundred letters from Georgia boys and
girls seeking free scholarships and over nine hundred from
other Southern States in the same period. "And now," says
Airs. Walden, "we who are interested shall never cease our
efforts until the last nail has been driven. Children all over
our beloved Southland are begging for what is being denied
them, an education, and we'll never reach them except through
institutions of this kind."
In all probability every Chapter of United Daughters of the
Confederacy will want to contribute toward the establishment
of one of the most fitting and worth-while memorials ever
attempted by any association. Several individual contribu-
tions have already been pledged, and Augusta Chapter. U. D.
C, took the initiative by pledging $500. R. E. Lee Chapter.
C. of C. of Augusta, has promised $100.
Editors of Southern newspapers are writing strong edi-
torials in its favor. Many contributions are expected, and the
corner stone of this splendid memorial should soon be laid.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
November 24, 1915, to January 17. 1916.
Arkansas: Hot Springs Chapter, $5; Miss Donohue (per-
sonal), Little Rock, 50 cents; B. H. Holmes Chapter, For-
dyce, $2.50. Total, $8.
California : James Le Conte Chapter, Berkeley, $5 ; J. E. B.
Stuart Chapter, Riverside, $5. Total, $10. .
Georgia : Quitman Chapter, $5 ; Lexington Chapter, $1 ;
Fitzgerald Chapter, $2 ; Morgan County Chapter, Madison,
$10; Covington Chapter, $2; Commerce Chapter, $1; Oconee
Chapter, Dublin, $2. Total, $23.
Kentucky: Miss Mabel Weaks (post cards). 25 cents.
Mississippi : Miss Alice Lamkin, member of Mississippi
Division Shiloh Committee, $22.05 : Mrs. Sarah Dabney
Eggleston (personal), Raymond, $5; Stonewall Jackson Chap-
ter, Swan Lake, $5; B. F. Ward Chapter, Winona, $5; Boli-
var Troop Chapter, $5 ; Private Taylor Rucks Chapter, Green-
ville. $5; Hattiesburg Chapter, $2; Corinth Chapter, $1.15.
Total, $50.20.
New York: New York Chapter, $50; Airs. F. G. Burke
(personal), New York, $60. Total, $110.
Oklahoma : Clement A. Evans Chapter, Tulsa, $8 ; Stone-
wall Jackson Chapter. McAlester, $2. Total, $10.
Tennessee: Fort Donelson Chapter, Dover, $4; Mrs. A.
B. White (post cards), Paris, $4.35; Old Hickory Chapter,
Dickson, $5 ; John Sutherland Chapter, Ripley, $2 ; Murfrees-
boro Chapter, $5; F. M. Walker Chapter, St. Elmo, $10; Col.
R. P. Lake (personal), Memphis, $5; a Christmas gift for Shi-
loh from a friend at Jackson, $5; A. B. Ellis (a Shiloh vet-
eran), Capleville, $2; Gen. J. C. Vaughan Chapter, Sweetwater,
$5; Forrest Chapter, Brownsville. $5; Gen. H. C. Meyers (per-
sonal), Memphis, $2; Sam Davis Chapter, Morristown, $5.
Total, $59-35.
Commercial-Appeal : Neely Chapter, Bolivar, Term., $5.
Texas: Jeff Rogers Chapter, Cameron, $2; Mrs. William
Owens, $1; Miss Maggie Candian, 50 cents; Airs. W. E.
Wood, 50 cents; Mrs. W. H. Rivers, $1; William Owens
Chapter, $1 ; Captain Wade, $1 ; Mrs. Emma Dean Edmon-
son (personal), Mart, $1; Little Miss Emma Dean Edmon-
son, Alart, 50 cents; Mrs. Christenson (personal), Houston,
$1 ; Airs. J. F. Burton, Houston, $1 ; Airs. Fred C. Fox (per-
sonal), Amarillo, $1; Katie Daffan Chapter. Denton, $1;
Floresville Chapter, $2.50; a friend. 50 cents; Sterling Price
Chapter, Rotan. $1. Total, $16.50.
Total collections since last report, $292.30. Refund to Har-
riman (Tenn.) Chapter, $1; to Airs. White. $15915-
Total at last report, $24,274.61. Total to date, $24,406.76.
Confederate l/eteran. 63
Mrs. W.J. Bkrak, Presto si Miss Daisy M, L. h idgson, Rerording Secretary Mrs. J. Endbrs Robinson, Correi&ondmg Secretary
New Orleans, La 7 109 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La. 113 Third Sm-.-t South, Richmond, 'V;i.
HrS.JoRM E. M IXWBLL, Treasurer Miss MART A. Hu.l, Historian Mrs. VIRGINIA FrazBR Boy if, Poet Laureate
Pensacola, Fla. 1 137 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga. mon Avenue, Memphis. Tenn.
Confederated) Southern /Iftemorial Hssociation
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery . .'. Mrs. J. C. L<-e Loi 1-^1 \n k — ;New Orleant Mrs. James Dinkl 1 South Carolina — Charleston
Akk -insas— Kayettevitfe ...Mrs. J. Uarstde Welch Mississippi— Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll Mrs. S Cary B« ckwith
Florida— Pensacola Mrs Horace L Simpson Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K Warner Tennbs Mrs. Charles W. Frazer
Osoroi \— Atlanta Mrs. \ McD. Wilson Nortb Caroi in i— Raleigh. Mrs. R.-t»ert H.Jones Viroini \-Fnmt Royal ....Mrs. S. M. Dai ht-Roy
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham, Ala.
THE CONFEDERATED SOU! HERS MEMORIAL
ASSOCIATION.
\ Partial List or Its Activities.
The Confederation was formed in Louisville, Ky., in May.
1900, with the hearty and unanimous indorsement of the
United Confederate Veterans in convention assembled. Gen.
John B. Gordon, Commander in Chief. There are seventy
.Associations affiliated. At leas! twentj of these Associations
date their organization back as far as 1866 and will this
year (191C) chronicle fifty years of active and continuous
service. The Confederated Southern Memorial Association
meets annually at the same time and place as the United Con-
federate Veterans. The order for its convention is always in-
cluded in that of the U. C. V.. thus giving an official status.
Now, what has the Confederated Southern Memorial As-
sociation accomplished?
It contributed largely to the fund for the Jefferson Davis
monument in Richmond. Va. (See General Order Xo. 263,
October 11, 1901.)
It was the Confederated Southern Memorial Association
that offered a resolution to make June .}. the anniversary of
the hirtb of Jefferson Davis. Southern Memorial Day. (See
General Order No. 2S7 ) By this action the States of Louisi-
ana. Tennessee, and Mississippi have adopted June 3 as Con-
federal Memorial Day and made it a legal holiday.
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association started a
movement to have a picture I - placed in
every school in the South, (See1 *rder No. 80.)
In 1007 the Confederated Southern Mi
in convention assembled in the city of Richmond. Va., passed
a resolution to adopt suil ible measures to have the name of
son Davis restored (in Bridge, Washington, D.
C. (See General Orders No [3 and No 21, June 14. 1 ■■
At Chattanooga, Tenn. in [913, in convention
tl nfederati d Southern M
resolution to mi !ie cot-
ton tax. The 1 then appointed has dour and is
doing excellent work, determined lersist until success
crowns us efforts.
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association ren-
dered valuable assistance to G Stephen D. Lee and Dr.
Samuel E. Lewis, of Washington, D. C, in procuring the
favorable passage of the Foraker bill. (See extract from
letters of General Lee and Dr. Lewis and General Ord
The Jefferson Davis Monument Commission, of New Or-
leans, was the largest contributor to the Jefferson Davis
Home Association. ,
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association is on
record as protesting against the use of Ellison's history and
books of that class in the schools throughout the South.
In 1015 the Confederated Southern Memorial Association
agreed to donate a very handsome chair to the Red Cross
Memorial Building at Washington. D. C. The chair will be
placed in the Assembly Hall and will be designated as the
President's chair.
This does not include the magnificent local work which is
being done day after day. month after month, by the in-
dividual Memorial Associations. It would take too much
time and space to enumerate this line of work; but the Me-
morial women are active and faithful tn their trust, as will
be seen by the constant care bestowed upon the monuments
erected by them years ago.
The beautiful custom of placing flowers on the graves of
our heroic dead originated with a Memorial Association —
viz.. the Ladies* Confederated Memorial Association of Co-
lumbus, Ga. To-day wc allude to Memorial Day as the
ith of the South." It should never be spoken of in
the South as Decoration Day; that term is for our Northern
brethren.
In Charleston. S. C, there is a monument to the first vic-
tims of torpedo, or submarine, warfare erected by the Me-
morial Association of Charleston, S. C. This is worthy of
note at this particular time, when submarine warfare is so
rous.
Where in the whole country will you find a grander piece
of work than the Confederate Museum in Richmond, Va?
This is under the care of the 1 inorial Literary
Socierj the affiliated associations of the Confederated
Southern M Cpnfederati
morial Ass New Orleans. La., has to its credit the
naming of three parishes in the State in honor of Jefferson
Davis. Beauregard, and Henry Wa i n, the' war Gov-
ernor of Louisiana. So it is that each and every Memorial
Association has done and is doing noble work. They are a
faithful band of women, accomplishing great deeds and ever
ready and willing to do all in their power to honor the cause
lear to Southern women.
pectfully subm 1
W, J. Beiian. President General.
> VICE PRESIDENTS C. S. M. A.
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson, 113 Third Street South, was ap-
pointed Tress Chairman for the C. S. M \. at the Richmond
ntion, Vice Presidents are earnestly requested to send
her material to be used monthly on the C. S. M. A. page of
the Confederate Veteran. Do not delay. Have the matter
in her hands by the first of each month.
Mrs. W. J. P.ehan. P'csident General.
64
(^opfederat^ tfeterai).
FLAG OF THEIR GLORY.
BY GRACE IMOGEN GISH.
It hangs on the wall.
Wlu-re soft shadows fall,
The golden light streaming
From skies that are gleaming,
And seems by its magic the past to recall.
They're marching away,
Those soldiers in gray,
With music's loud pealing,
Their stern thoughts revealing,
And high in the sunshine this banner asway.
At last, filled with woe,
Now homeward they go,
Brave, tattered, undaunted,
Their country fear-haunted.
And see ! o'er the silence the old flag bends low.
Ah ! soft folds, e'er wave
In sunshine to lave;
Keep fresh thy sweet story,
Flag of their glory,
Who gave of their lifeblood their fair land to save.
GEN. RICHARD S. ElVELL.
Richard Stoddart Ewell was born in Washington, D. C,
February 8, 1817. He was graduated at West Point in 1840
and was promoted to brevet captain in the Mexican War. He
was advanced to that rank regularly in 1849 and served in
the United States army until the spring of 1861, when he
resigned and joined the Confederate forces. He was at once
appointed lieutenant colonel and on June 17 of that year was
made brigadier general. With his brigade he held the extreme
right of the line in the great battle of Manassas. In October,
1S61, he was promoted to major general. He helped to make
Jackson famous in the Shenandoah Valley. With his di-
vision at Cross Keys, General Ewell defeated Banks at Win-
chester, Va., on May 25, 1862. As senior major general under
Stonewall Jackson he was eminent throughout his Virginia
campaigns. At Grovetown, Va., on August 28, 1862, he was
so severely wounded in the knee that amputation of a leg
became imperative.
Handicapped as he was with only one leg, he returned to
field service in May, 1863, and was promoted to the rank of
lieutenant general. He was assigned to the command of the
Stonewall Jackson Corps in the Army of Northern Virginia.
Jackson having fallen in the meantime at Chancellorsville.
He made brilliant achievements as a corps commander, cap-
turing four thousand prisoners, with a large army store, while
sustaining a loss of two hundred and sixty-nine men. He was
conspicuous in the great battle of Gettysburg. His horse was
shot under him, and by the fall he was too badly injured for
further active service. Yet he commanded the defenses of
Richmond at the last ; and after the evacuation of that city
he commanded his corps in the action at Sailor's Creek, where
he was made a prisoner.
Gen. Richard Taylor in his charming book. "Destruction
and Reconstruction," now out of print, writes freely of Gen-
eral Ewell, of his merits and his eccentricities. He states in
that book ■
"I had abundant opportunities for studying the original
character of 'Dick' Ewell. After a long silence, he would
suddenly direct his eyes and nose toward me with : 'General
Taylor, what do you suppose President Davis made me a
major general for?' * * * On two occasions in the Val-
ley of Virginia, during the temporary absence of Jackson
from the front, Ewell summoned me to his side. * * *
Ewell was always afraid some one would get under fire before
him.
"At the close of the war General Ewell married Mrs. Brown,
a daughter of Judge Campbell, a distinguished Tennesseean,
who represented the United States at the Court of St. James
when she was born. She was a kinswoman of General Ewell.
He brought her to New Orleans, where I hastened to see
him. He took me by the hand and presented me to 'My wife,
Mrs. Brown.' "
General Taylor concludes: "Dear Dick Ewell! Virginia
never bred a truer gentleman, a braver soldier, nor an odder,
more lovable fellow."
PERSONAL RECORD OF MAJ. B. W. LEIGH.
Sometime ago the Veteran was sent an interesting old
letter written by Maj. B. W. Leigh, of the 2d Corps, Army
of Northern Virginia, just after the battle of Chancellors-
ville and describing from a personal and intimate standpoint
the military movements before and after the battle, going into
the full circumstances of the wounding and death of Stone-
wall Jackson.
Major Leigh was a gallant officer, and the official records
of the war repeat many commendations of his bravery. He
was killed at Gettysburg, his death being graphically described
by Gen. John R. Geary, commanding the 2d Division, U.
S. A. General Geary's report makes record of one of the last
charges of the great battle, when Johnson's Division was
hurled against Greene's breastworks, only to be disastrously
repulsed. "The commanding officer of a regiment," says the
report, "raised the white flag, when Maj. B. W. Leigh, as-
sistant and adjutant general of Johnson's Division, rode for-
ward to order it down and fell, pierced by a dozen balls, his
body remaining in our possession."
Major Leigh's letter was written to his wife, whose in-
terest he could trust through the full and intimate details of
the great events of which he was a part. It is written in a
fine, clear hand and closely covers twenty foolscap pages. The
portions of the letter of greatest interest are those describing
the death of Stonewall Jackson. Major Leigh as a member
of Gen. A. P. Hill's staff was in the little party that rode out
beyond the Confederate lines on the fatal eve of Chancellors-
ville to get a better knowledge of the enemy's position. He
was one of the few who knew of the disaster in time to go
to General Jackson's aid after he was shot, and he helped
carry the litter through the distressing fire that imperiled
every step of the way ; and when the firing grew for a time
so terrific as to make further progress impossible, Major
Leigh, together with James Power Smith, lay on the ground
by General Jackson to protect him as well as he could from
the shots that fell like hail. The letter describes the wholt
of the perilous journey back to the lines and to the hospital
and gives the last details of the General's illness and death.
Major Leigh's overcoat and gloves were stained with Jack-
son's blood, says the letter, and would have been kept as
sacred relics except for their wearer's constant need of them.
Qoijfederat^ l/eteraij.
65
THE FAILURE OF THE COS FEDERAL T— WAS IT A
BLESS ISC'
BY JAMES H. .m'.NI-II-LY, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN.
It is over half a century since the beginning, in 1861, of the
greatest civil war of modern times, if not of all time. After
four years of fiercest conflict and unparalleled heroism, en-
durance, and sacrifice, the struggle ended with the Confederate
States devastated, their property destroyed, their social and
labor systems utterly overthrown, and their governments in
the hands of their bitterest enemies. The war cost the lives
of more than half a million men and the disabling of prob-
ably a million more. The cost in money was at the least six
thousand millions of dollars, and, in addition, the I
States government has 1 xpended nearly four thousand mil-
lions of dollars in pensions.
Now that the passions engendered by war have in a meas-
ure subsided and a new generation has come upon the
the question arises. Does the result of the war in the lives
and condition 'if the people compensate for all the sa< ■
made to preserve the I nion: Was the failure of the Con-
federati States to win their independence a benefit and a
ng to the whole country, including the Confei
es? ( Ibserve that I say not m the
Union," but "to win their independence." For if they had
won, there would still have been a Union of such States as
chose to remain united.
Now, in answering tins qui -non it is natural for the trium-
phant side in the contest to claim that their triumph
blessing to the whole people of both great step
forward in the progi ■ ilization, Vnd this is reit'
from pulpit and platform, in magazine .111.
Sophie essay, and in light novel, until then iced convic-
tion throughout the North and largely in foreign lands that the
effort nf the South to establish a separati government was .1
crime, excusable onlj b) ignoranci and sincerity mi her part,
and that if she had succeeded it would hi
calamity, a hindrance to liberty and religion, .
progress of civilization And so the defeat of tin
ate States and the victor) of the North arc held forth as the
greatest blessing to humanity.
Southern Men Thankfui ran Defeat.
But it is becoming quite common for Southern s|„;,k<i
writers to express in sunny terms the opinion that tin
of the effort to establish .1 Southern Confederacj « 1- a bless-
ing to the South. At the frequent patriotic gatherings in
which men of the North and (he S. mih meet, where the blue
and the graj come together to mingle in friendlj intercourse.
the meeting is made tin occasion of loud professions "t
loyalty to the Union In Southern men who congratulate the
country and render devout thanks in God that the I
armies triumphed and that the South was h\ force "f arms
compelled or coerced to remain in a Union which the large
majority nf her people had repudiated
rhese men claim that they are the truest friends of thi
South, proud of her traditions, and inspired bj her highest
ideals. Many of them were brave ami faithful Confederate
soldiers who sacrificed freelj tm- the Confederate cause But
they claim that their minds have been freed from prejudice
and that they can look hack over the historx nf the war ami
judge it in the calm light of reason. No one doubts their
2**
sincerity; but there is great reason to doubt that they repre-
sent the majority of the surviving soldiers who did the fight-
ing and labored and suffered for the cause. Indeed, I do not
believe that they have the sympathy of the mass of the South-
ern people whose fathers hrough the
fiery ordeal of destruction and reconstruction inflicted on them
by the conquerors. They cannot believe that those sacrifices
and those grand heroisms were endured and wrought for the
sake of a false and ruinous theory which was contrary to
God's law and to human rights.
Yet in the exuberance of their loyalty to the Unio
votion to the old flag these . for the past assure
our Northern brethren that the Southern people have ex-
perienced a change of heart, and in their exceeding joy to
be in the Union they see the mistake they made in warring
•nent the world ever saw." Yea.
these orators go farther and declare that the majority of the
Southern pi with abhorrence the idea that
it woul ifederacy to suc-
It is true that they give us >• incerity ;
courage in maintaining our cause and tell us that we are not
railed our course. But
surely if we without jus; and sufficient 1 light on the
most dreadful war of modern times, which if their
and if that wai our part an effort to
he progress of Christian civilization, then our sincerity
•uragc only pi kless savages.
Again, these a| nth woul us be-
of the Federal Con-
stitution and we honestly thought that we » in up-
g and fighting for that view. But this apology charges
our teachers were guilt]
Yet our teachers were the \cry men who framed the
itution, the greatest men our country has |
pei 'pic.
\ftcr all the 1
id tributes to Southern heroism, f
h speeches and writings on any candid
Northern mind must be that we acknowledge that our blind
■n to a false thc>r>. uncut led ike the
tremendous but vain -a. • 1 dless war.
Of course the logical inference from their view is that the
ious North was justified in forcing us to remain in the
Union and in putting down what thi "rebellion" even
at the fearful cost of all the blood and treasure expended in
hi. imposing then government em an unwilling people. And
so they insist thai w ■ should rej<n be glad th it
errors were corrected even at such
The Spanish War Voluntei
In many eases these speakers are so eager to show that
1 our great mistake in the War between the States that
they ]>oint to the fret' volunteering ol Southern men in our
late war with Spain as proof of Ity and devotion
to the Union, which no one now questions. But it is spoken
of in such terms as to make one think that this loyalty to the
Union now was meant to conciliate the North and to ex
press our repentance for our past disloyalty, This is accom-
panied by the usual flood of gush about the blue and the gray
marching shoulder to shoulder ami keeping step to the music
of the Union
M,
Qopfederat^ tfeterai?.
It is true, happily true, that the bitter feelings engendered
by the war are rapidly passing away, and we are devoutly
thankful that time has softened the asperities of speech and
the harshness of judgment which kept the sections apart so
long. Now each side can give the other credit, not only for
honesty of conviction, but for sincere patriotism founded on
a reasonable interpretation of a Constitution which admits of
different explanations of its intent. Now the South, while still
believing that her interpretation was right, can accept the re-
sult of the war as a settlement of the controversy and as a
successful revolution, setting up a government different from
the old, and she can work in harmony with the North for the
success of the new government. Her sons who fought for
the Confederacy can with perfect sincerity give loyal service
to the new Union now established and yet believe that the
method of establishing it was wrong. Indeed, it is their sol-
emn duty to make the best of the new order of things, just
as God's chosen people of old were commanded to pray for
and seek the blessing of God on the city to which they were
carried captives (Jeremiah xxix. 7).
The late appointment of two Confederate soldiers, Wright
and Dickinson, to important Cabinet positions in the adminis-
tration of the government by that party which has hitherto
jealously excluded the South from any influential place in
the government certainly indicates a gratifying change of
sentiment in that section where doubt as to our loyalty has
been for years the excuse for our exclusion.
And no doubt the economic conditions which join Northern
and Southern men in developing the resources of the country
have been potent factors in removing the misunderstandings
of war and Reconstruction days.
But they never believed, and do not now believe, that ma-
terial success and prosperity are tests of righteousness or that,
because unlimited resources of men and munitions of war can
triumph over a weaker government, therefore the weaker
government was wrong and should have submitted without a
conflict. Might does not make right, and our people felt that
they fought for the right as it was guaranteed to them in the
Constitution of their fathers ; and, as Gen. Robert E. Lee ex-
pressed himself, they would have been false to duty if they
had done otherwise.
Believing thus, that the South fought for the preservation
of the original Constitution. I am bound to believe that the
triumph of the Union was the overthrow of the Constitution,
which was the bond of Union and was the forcing upon us of
a government essentially different from the only one that
could have been accepted by the States when they entered
the Union. And I believe that this new government was in
direct violation of the foundation principle of civil liberty, as
announced in the Declaration of Independence, that govern-
ments "derive their just powers from the consent of the gov-
erned."
But the Southern people, having done their utmost to pre-
serve their rights under the original Constitution and having
been overpowered by brute force, could only surrender and
yield to the arbitrament of war. In accepting the new order
they now feel bound in honor to be loyal to the new govern-
ment. It has become their government by the terms of capitu-
lation, and they are duty bound to strive to make it a benefit
and a blessing to all the people. Recognizing the difficulties
and the dangers that threaten us under our new conditions.
we should endeavor to ward off the evils and to make our
government a real promoter of liberty and as far as possible
to remedv the ruin brought bv our defeat.
The South Unrepentant.
The excessive protestations by Southern men of delight
over our failure and of thankfulness that we are all again
under one flag seems to me to misunderstand and to mis-
represent the feelings of the mass of the Southern people ;
not only of those who passed through the war, but of their
descendants, who form the body of the present South. For
while those who were actors in the great drama are rapidly
passing aw:ay, yet their children and their grandchildren, who
inherit the noble heritage of principle bequeathed by them,
heartily believe that they contended for sacred rights guaran-
teed to them by the original Constitution of the United States
and that they fought for the true principles of civil liberty.
And to every observant and thoughtful mind it must be still
an open question whether the triumph of a centralized gov-
ernment over the checks and balances of sovereign States
has not introduced evils and dangers that threaten the very
foundations of civil order. Our people accepted defeat with
manly fortitude and patient resignation to the Divine will.
They endured with dignified contempt the corrupt reign of
the carpet-bagger, the scalawag, and the negro. They main-
tained their integrity for ten dreadful years of Reconstruction
by Northern armies sent to force negro equality upon them.
They answered not the falsehoods that were published as his-
tory, by which the conquerors sought to justify the brutalities
of their war upon us. They set themselves with courage and
industry to repair the waste and desolation of their country.
They endeavored in good faith to adapt their lives to the new
and strange conditions imposed on them.
Defeat a Calamity.
I cannot think that I am in the minority of Southern men,
especially of the generation which supported the cause of the
Confederacy, when I express my conviction that the failure
of the Confederate States to win their independence was a
calamity, not only to the South, but to the whole country and
to the cause of constitutional government. In other words, it
destroyed the very foundations on which alone a federated
republic can be established, and it introduced a centralized
government which is not adapted to our immense area and
diverse interests and which will ultimately result in the
despotism of the plutocrat or of the proletariat unless some
way be found to restrain the aggressions of greed and to
satisfy the just demands of the toiling masses.
Whatever may be the immediate and tangible material and
intellectual advantages brought about by the establishment of
a Union different from the original compact, it is yet too soon
to estimate the permanent results — political, industrial, social,
and moral — of a revolution so radical on the life and charac-
ter of a people. Admittedly that revolution has brought upon
the whole country the most difficult problems any people
ever had to solve. They are problems that hold in themselves
tragic possibilities of industrial, social, and race conflict and
which are ever coming to the front in every part of the coun-
try and causing volcanic eruptions of hatred and crime.
The fact that in the forum of war the decision was adverse
to the South is constantly adduced as proof that God by his
providence set the seal of his condemnation on her cause as
wrong, unjust, wicked. The Southern people are held up as
rebels against God in resisting the United States government
Qoi)federat<? l/eterai).
67
and their system of slavery denounced as "the sum of all
villainies," for which God took vengeance on them, not only
by freeing their slaves, but by desolating their homes and dev-
astating their land. In a word, our defeat was the punish-
ment for our sin.
Teachings of Scripture and History.
Is it true that calamities, afflictions, and defeats are God's
testimony to the wickedness of those who suffer or to the in-
justice of the cause for which they suffer? Let us look to
the teachings of God's Holy Word and of history to learn the
truth. It seems clear to me that God's hand is in every event
of human life and that he sends or permits affliction; and he
guides, controls, and limits all to carry out his own infinite
purposes of righteousness and mercy. But they are not pun-
ishments for special sins, nor are they condemnation of the
cause for which the sufferers stand. On the other hand, they
may be intended to bring out more distinctly the principles at
issue in the n.nlliil 01 to emphasize the need of God's help
to sustain the right.
In the Old Testament there are records of God's chosen
people led into captivity by heathen conquerors. But that
fact did not prove the heathen to be right in the causes of
conflict nor that the Israelites were upholding a bad cause.
Again, in the New Testament our Saviour taught that those
Galileans whose blood Peter mingled with their sacrifices
were not sinners more than the complacent Pharisees, who
boasted of their righteousness Much less did that terrible
calamity to the victims of Pilate's powerful rage prove the
tyrant to be right and the victims wrong. (Luke xiii. 1-3.)
Turning to history, the awful sufferings endured by the
low countries at the hands of the brutal Alva and the cruel
Spanish legions in the conflict for civil I 1 ■ligious liberty
in the sixteenth century did not prove their cause to be
wrong. Nor did success prove that gloomy tyrant Philip II.
of Spain l'i be 1 leaven's favorite in his persecutions which
crushed out liberty in his vast dominions. Nor did the as-
sassination of his great opponent, William the Silent, prove
that he was under the wrath of God which executed ven-
geance on him Louis XIV. in France in the seventeenth cen-
tury was successful in driving out the 1 1 and uprooting
Protestantism. Was that proof of God favot to him, and v
it the Mist punishment of his refractory subjects? No. God
sometimes yea, often — allows the uted and
defeated in order to test thi devotion of his children to
righteousness for its ow fob would cling to his in-
tegrity though he were slain for it. So also should we.
Often men in the pride of their own wisdom assume the
prerogative of the Almighty Judge of all the earth and pro-
nounce judgment of condemnation where he has not con-
demned. In their purpose to establish their own theories of
truth and justice they trample on the most sacred relation-
ships and disregard the plainest principles of humanity and
right. 'They set up their own conscience against God's Word
and, as the old abolitionists did, they demand "an anti-
slawn God, an antislavery Bible, and an antislavery Consti-
tution."
1 hen, God in his all-wise providence may allow them to
carry out their plans so that their false theories may bring
forth their legitimate fruit of ruin, an object lesson of the
danger in listening to man rather than to God.
Not only in the name of liberty, as Madame Roland said,
but in the name of justice, the most hideous crimes are com-
mitted, crimes that bring evils far greater than those they
abolish.
When England was glorying over Waterloo and the fall of
Napoleon as a victory for liberty, Robert Hall wrote: "The
clock of European civilization was set back fifty years." The
great preacher meant that England's victory, or rather the
victory of the Allies, was riveting the -hackles of despotism
only the more firmly on the nations of Europe. So the
triumph at Appomattox fixed the fetters of a relentless com-
mercialism on the American people.
The Ki isons for Graii
The grounds upon which we are callei hankful for
the success of the Union and the failure of the Con
are mainly reducif , , The abi
slavery; (2) the overthrow of the doctrine of State sov-
ereignty, involving the right the won-
derful material dei of the South. The first is moral
and social; the second is political and civic; the third is
economic and industrial. And it is assumed that each of
these is a real blessing to the whole country and that none
of them could have been realized if the Confederate St!
had been succssful.
We shall, therefore, consider these consequences of the
war as accomplished fai amine the question whether
they are really the blessings they arc held to be, and especially
whether they are blessings sufficient to compensate for the
of them. And we shall also consider the probable efl
ite success on the condition of the negro, on
the relations of thi 1 the general government, and on
tllc devi !' trees of the South ; also the efl
on the chat tei if thi pie of the South.
W »
By Northern and British writers and speakers the emanci-
pation of the negroes i« • ith endless glorification
as the grandest an ent result >r. It is
considered as a moral, political, and economic blessing, which
removed a stain fn a curse from our life
and character, and a hindrance to our prosperity.
For the negro it is claimed that hi red from a cruel
and unjust bondage which degraded his nature and treated
him as a brute. And it is said that now he is free to develop
his manhood as he may cho. ht justly due every hu-
being.
that he is relii
' at burden of responsibilit im the constant tempta-
tion to oppress a weak. all, that he is de-
livered from a system sinl moralizing in its nature.
Now, in considering thi - imaginary, of
emancipation we are not dealing with slavery as it has existed
among other peoples and as enslaving aces. But we
are di th the slavery of thi part and
■ 1 of a domestic system and as he was held to service by
a white rare of high Christ, i,,\ While there were
cruel and unjust masters, they were the exceptions; and while
there were features of the system that allowed cruelty and
hardship, yet the effort was general to mitigate these evils.
We are to remember too that the harsh features of the -
tern were ' , prejudici and falsehoods often ut-
tered by those whose own sections maintained a system of so-
called free labor more oppressive and degrading than was
ever known in the South
68
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Still every candid Southern man will freely admit that
there were serious evils connected with the system and that
the best condition for a human being who is fitted to exercise
it is liberty, and the desire for liberty is one of the noblest
sentiments of man's heart. Xone were more anxious than
many slaveholders to remedy the evils and to make the
bondage a blessing to the slaves.
But the question that pressed upon the South when eman-
cipation was urged as the remedy was complicated by condi-
tions. Were the evils so inherent in the system that they
could be eradicated only by destroying the system itself?
Could the natural desire for freedom be met and satisfied
only by freeing the negroes absolutely from all control by a
master? Considering the nature of the negro, could his high-
est and best characteristics be best developed in freedom
rather than in some form of subjection to the white man?
On the other hand, would emancipation as demanded by the
abolitionists bring with it greater evils to both races than a
system of slavery with the confessed evils eliminated? Would
it be possible for two races as widely different as Anglo-
Saxon and Ethiopian to live together on terms of political
equality under the same government without a constant war
of races? The whole question of the relationship of the two
races w^as one of the most difficult ever presented to a Chris-
tian people. And it was a question not to be solved by ap-
peal to general principles of abstract right; but it required
consideration of actual conditions for which we of the South
were not responsible, conditions which were brought about
by the action of the North as much as of the South and in-
herited by us.
The problem was far more momentous for the South than
for the North. If the negroes were emancipated, they would
necessarily remain in the South as a mass, and their num-
bers would bear a very considerable proportion to the num-
ber of whites. Admitted to equal political privileges, they
would not only threaten the supremacy of the white race in
the government, but they would imperil the civilization and
material progress of the country. It would be exceedingly
difficult to preserve purity in public and official life, for which
the South had been noted, and at the same time to secure to
the inferior race all the rights, privileges, and development
to which it would be entitled as partaker of a common hu-
manity. For this mass of ignorant negroes would be the
ready tool of the demagogue and the corruptionist.
Abolition Agitation.
This was the problem that required for its solution all the
wisdom, firmness, patience, and kindness that could be exer-
cised by the men of both sections. But the Puritan conscience
of New England had accepted a theory of human rights which
regarded slavery as "the sum of all villainies," a heinous sin
against God and a crime against man. There began in that
section and was carried on a crusade of the bitterest abuse of
slaveholders, of vituperation and calumny against the in-
stitution of domestic slavery in the South. Yet New England
traders had been the most active agents in introducing slavery
in America in the early history of the country. Of course
this bitterness aroused resentment, and it became impossible
to settle the questions involved in the calm light of reason,
and the result was the most terrible war of modern times and
the abolition of slavery. It is complacently claimed that half
a century of emancipation has shown that the fears and
hesitancy of the Southern people were all unfounded and that
the evils of freedom for the negro were imaginary. Indeed,
it is held that the freeing of the negroes and the removal of
the "curse of slavery" from the country justified all the sacri-
fice of life and treasure which the war cost and that the suf-
ferings and humiliations of the South as a consequence of
emancipation were the just punishment for its sin in holding
human beings in bondage.
Is it demonstrated that the apprehensions of Southern men
were foolish excuses for their holding on to their slaves?
The end is not yet. Confessedly the negro problem is still
one of the most portentous ever faced by any people. And
while every lover of his country will pray for a safe and just
solution, yet I believe that Puritan fanaticism has by the suc-
cess of the Union armies placed the South over a volcano
which may explode at any time and hurl forth its fiery lava
streams and its poisonous gases to spread over and destroy
the last traces of our kindly civilization and desolate our fair
land with the horrors of a war of races. Or, more terrible
still, it may result in the degeneracy of the white race by
mingling its blood with the inferior race, which would be the
legitimate outcome of the fanatical theory of rights.
President Lincoln's Interpretation.
As to the true interpretation of God's purpose in the war
and in our defeat, it is held by the abolitionists that Mr. Lin-
coln expressed it most clearly in his second inaugural. In
that address with rather hysterical rhetoric the President
said : "If all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred
and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk and every drop
of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn
with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still
it must be said: 'The judgments of the Lord are true and
righteous altogether.' "
This charge that the wealth of the South was the fruit of
the unpaid labor of the negroes was one of the oft-repeated
indictments of our system of slavery. Yet a New England
author of ability, a professor in a great university, who quotes
this utterance with approval, has the candor to say in another
part of his book : "A very considerable portion of free laborers
have never been able to earn more money or to acquire more
property than is demanded by the actual and pressing needs
of daily existence common to all mankind — the need of food,
clothes, and lodging. Now, there can be no question that in
return for their services the Southern slaves generally had
these needs supplied. They were fed, they were clothed, they
were lodged. What is more, they were lodged, fed, and
clothed, to all appearances, rather better than they could have
lodged, fed, and clothed themselves on any wages which they
could have earned." (Prof. Barret Wendel's "Liberty, Union,
and Democracy," pages 154, 307. Scribner's.)
I believe that a fair examination would show that no work-
ing class the world over was better paid for unskilled labor.
Several years ago, while on a visit in Belfast, Ireland, I was
entertained by a noted abolitionist. He asked me to tell him
what the negroes had to eat and to wear. When I told him,
he seemed astonished and said : "No common laborers in this
country are so well provided for." I had occasion also on my
travels in Europe to see something of the mode of living and
the general lack of comfort among the peasantry, especially
in Southern Europe, and it was my conviction that the slaves
of the South never lived so poorly. A negro would have
starved on the wages of these laborers in Italy.
(Continued in March number )
C^opfederat^ l/eterai).
69
ACTIVE SERVICE OF .1 TEXAS COMMA
LV W, \ NASQURS, rUSCOLA, TEX.
1 lii tin [pth of August, 1861, there gathered in the town of
Cameron, Milam County, Tex., one hundred men, all unmar-
ried with the except inn of four. After the farewells we began
our journey to Richmond, Va. With some on horseback and
in wagons, we traveled seventy-five miles to Brenham, the
nearest railroad station. Some of the hoys were merry and
singing, some impatient to meet the enemy on the field of
battle, while others tlize that they were entering
upon a very serious undertaking.
Arriving at Brenham, we mai ;ements for transpor-
tation to Houston, where we were mustered into the Confed-
erate servio and in a day or two we were furnished tents
and othet necessary camp supplies. The port of Galveston
being blocl aded b I ateswar vessels, we could not get
to New ( >Hi ans by Sti amei . so we had to take the land r
f r 1 hi' Houston to Beaumont, walking most of the
thence to Niblett"s Bluff, La., bj From there our
only means oi tran weri Creole carts, which we had
to force into servio Mi natives hid their oxen and avoided
us in every wa , lint we finally g iUgh
carls to carry our b ugh
a low, tl.ii .iniiiii\ .ii pini les, sometimes
wading in water from four inches to waist-deep ail .1
it was difficult I" find a plac to make our beds
at night. It was then thai tin- hardships of : life
began for us Onto! I harles, New Iberia, a
where we met some W( llthj 1 n "ih who were ki hed
us Godspeed. .From Benvicl Bay t" New Orleans we w
by railroad, and from there to Grand Junction, Chattanooga,
Knoxville, Bristol, I ] and Richmond, which
reached without the lnss of a man. I d fortune was
not tn continue, however; foi began at once, and
i- died at a frightful i
\\ ' w i i 11 quai tered ii ( amp Bi agg, on the York River
Railroad, and began active drill service, thus learning some
of tin .Ii in. in. 1- that would i "ii us by our superior
officei In a short time wi were organized int" a regiment
known as the 5th Tes is Volunteer Infantry. The colonel
appointed was not liked .it first appearance, and soon after his
arrival in camp hi-- In use's mane and tail were shaved off
close. I In colonel declined tn continue in command, so Col.
J. .1. Archer was appointed to command the 5th Texas and
Mum w.ni will) us iii the front on the Potomac near Dum-
fries, Va., and into winter quarters. There many of our com-
rades sickened and died. We were not engaged in any battle
during our stay al this place; hut one night so our
arri\.d the "long roll" sounded, and w< hurriedl fell into
line in the road, which was about four inches deep in red clay
and just soft enough In he in the worst stage possible for
walking We were ordered to "Right face' Forward!
March'" \n.I such a march' We could not si 1 the man just
in front and sometimes would run against him. when we would
stop and wait awhile. Then we would realize that we had
been left by the man in front, so there was another rush to
catch up again. '1 bus we wearied for several hours, finally
being ordered "nut of the road on the pine straw under the
trees and rest." In a short while a squad of cavalry came
along, going in the direction of our camp. These were our
officers with their aids, and we were called into line and or-
dered to march to camp. Then it was we learned that our
commander was drunk, and the cursing began. One soldier
remarked: "This is all right; we are now making history."
We remained at this camp until the latter part of winter,
when we removed to near Fredericksburg, remaining there lor
a short while, and then on by Richmond down to Yorktown,
doing sharpshooting and picket duty until General Johnston
evacuated this point. Our command formed the rear guard
for Johnston's army until we reached Williamsburg. We
moved on up to Elthan's Landing, where the enemy had a
large force for the purpose of cutting off a portion of John-
Ston's army. Our brigade v 111 position in front of
this force, and a part of it ged in a severe contest,
enemy. This was our I n as
Johi wi were withdrawn from
position and hurried on in ck time. Passing
Johnston's rear guard, the Chickahominy
Richmond and rested t 1 ben came the
batt Ii i I under lire and con-
\ few days after we were on i there
irded t lackson. When we
1 1 the
Valley and was on his way to Richmond with his whole army-
then commanding
armj in front of Richmond. \ ""1 came
back to Richn hi Rank, and then
-nal
was tired, notifyit .
1 n Mechanics-
. which contest last 'it and resulted in driv-
ing the enemy from their I I he next morning
attack i,cs's
Mill. Our march to thi ttack
move carefully. Fate in tin after- the
and the enen their
ros-
1 iur command had never been all to-
ll were apparently
. iccept one. who >ou
will all be killed." 1 Ini
we went into
tie, while shell nie balls were flying After
enemy ha from the field and rmr line
•be 5th I ■ -i its flag by Capt.
■ the
iments of
near to
where we had captun 'ace
■itb the stb Xew Jersey Infantry, with colors flying.
He said
he would p. a 'ink. Cap • rs drew
his revolver and ordered him to surrender at once, which
did. giving up his sword and pistols, also ordering his
men to "I Iround amis 1 Rogei 'wo
it to the rear.
1 he next d 13 Longstrei I air Oaks. Our
regiment was in engagements during the
Seven F les, after which we retired in the direction
of Culpepei Courthouse E01 He purpose of recuperating.
There we drilled and rested for a time, soon getting in fine
shape fur more activi srrvicc. Receiving orders to cook three
days' rain. ii- and get n idj to march in short nrihr, we again
followed Jackson, but now in Longstreet's Corps, This was
one of our hardest marches during the war. We marched
night and day. stopping only long eno et a little sleep
and rest, for about three days and nights, finally reaching
7°
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
Manassas in time to save Jackson, who was depending on us.
After burying our dead and caring for the wounded, we
moved on across the Potomac into Maryland, camping on the
Monocacy a day or two and then moving across South Moun-
tain to Hagerstown. In a short while we were ordered back
to South Mountain, where a part of our army was engaged in
battle. We formed the rear guard from this point to Antie-
tam, or Sharpsburg, where we halted in the evening to await
the attack of the enemy. All sick and barefoot soldiers were
sent on across the Potomac, and I was in this squad. After
the battle General Lee withdrew his entire army across the
river without an attack by the enemy. We camped a few
days near Martinsburg, then on to near Winchester for a
few 'lays' rest. We were next marched hurriedly across the
mountains to Culpeper.
After remaining at this place a few days, we went to Fred-
ericksburg and built cabins for winter quarters. Our com-
mand was not in the heavy fighting of the battle of Fredericks-
burg. In the latter part of winter we were moved to Falling
Water, near Richmond, and during this time the battle of
Chancellorsville was fought, in which Jackson was wounded.
We were ordered to their assistance, but the battle was won
before we got in. Shortly after we went down on the coast to
Suffolk, and there we did skirmishing, sharpshooting, and
picket duty, finally returning to Richmond and on to near
Orange C. H., where we were drilled and prepared for the
Pennsylvania campaign.
We marched across the Blue Ridge Mountains into the
Shenandoah Valley and to the Potomac, crossing into Mary-
land early in the morning. We marched entirely across the
State in one day and camped in Pennsylvania that night.
General Hood had his tent erected near a fine farmhouse.
Some of our soldiers caught some chickens, and the lady
complained to General Hood, who replied : "You would not
complain if you could see how your soldiers have done over
in Virginia. You cannot find a fowl or a hog in traveling
fifty miles where your soldiers have been." As our soldiers
were marching along the road near this camp an old lady
hailed one and asked him where he got his knapsack. The
soldier told her that he took it from a dead Yankee at Chan-
cellorsville. On the side of the knapsack was the name of
its former owner, regiment, and company in large letters.
The old lady replied : "That was my son." The soldier
stopped at once, took his own things out, and gave it to the
lady, who seemed to appreciate it very much.
Our return from Gettysburg was by moderate marches and
without any special trouble from the enemy. We recrossed
the Potomac into Virginia and finally arrived near Fredericks-
burg, where we enjoyed a much-needed rest. After recuper-
ating for a short while, Longstreet's Corps was ordered to
Bragg's army in Georgia ; so we were soon off by rail on flat
cars and in box cars and reached Resaca, Ga., in due time.
We went into camp late in the evening and received rations
and orders to cook enough for three days and be ready to
march by morning. This we did and arrived late in the
evening at a bridge on the Chickamauga, where we found
the enemy's pickets, drove them away, and crossed the creek.
We were soon in line of battle and met the enemy in a sharp
conflict. We lay in line of battle all night. Early on Sunday
morning we were moved to the right and ordered forward to
attack the enemy. We lay on the battle field all day Monday,
and thus for the want of energy on the part of our com-
mander we lost nearly all of the fruits of an important vic-
tory, which cost many lives.
On Tuesday we moved slowly on to Chattanooga, giving the
enemy plenty of time to get into the fortifications and prepare
for our coming. We remained there doing picket duty for
quite a while and getting into some light skirmishes. I was
on detail to help in the first work on the summit of Lookout
Mountain, preparing for a battery, which was placed on the
summit overlooking the river. Before the battle of Mission-
ary Ridge, Longstreet's Corps was ordered to Knoxville.
We met the enemy near Loudon and drove them before us
with but little trouble, they taking refuge in the fortifications
at Knoxville, which we besieged for several days and finally
attempted to take by storm, but failed, McLaws's Division suf-
fering terribly. Failing to capture Knoxville, we withdrew
to Strawberry Plains and Morristown and went into winter
quarters ; but before winter was over we moved back to our
old position in General Lee's army, the troops going by rail.
I was detailed as wagon guard and went with the wagon train.
We reached the Wilderness one day after the battle. Here
our command suffered severe loss. We went on to Spottsyl-
vania Courthouse and took part in every day's fighting. We
lost considerably, though we were not in the Bloody Angle
of the greatest slaughter.
We continued to move from here and met Grant at every
advance. At Cold Harbor we were in a terrible assault by
the enemy, but inflicted tremendous loss on them, with com-
paratively small loss on our part. We next moved to James
River, below Richmond, then to Petersburg, remaining there
sharpshooting and skirmishing for some time ; then returned
to the north side of James River, engaging in skirmishes and
considerable battles every few days. Most prominent among
them was the defense of our line from Fort Gilmore to New
Market Heights. Notable were the repeated charges made
by the negro troops on our line at Deep Bottom, where we
had only one man every five yards in our works, but were
well guarded in front by chevaux-de-frise. The negroes
charged in solid phalanx time and again, but were repulsed
on every occasion with great slaughter. We were then or-
dered to move in haste to the right, as Fort Gilmore was
seriously threatened, and hurried in double-quick time along
our line of breastworks in the direction of that fort ; but
when we got in sight we could see the enemy moving into the
fort in column, so we had to fall back to the next line of
works, which was very close to Fort Gilmore. Here we Were
attacked by the artillery, infantry, and sharpshooters, and
at this point was exhibited some as desperate fighting as was
done any time during the war. Night put an end to the con-
flict, and during the night our lines were established, and we
help them until they broke on the south of Petersburg, which
caused us to evacuate Richmond.
From our position on the north side of James River we
moved to Petersburg and retreated from there with Lee's
army to Appomattox, forming the rear guard part of the time.
It was there that we saw General Lee for the last time. He
passed our camp after the surrender on his way to Richmond
with his escort.
All was now over. Our company had been in service three
years, eight months, and nine days. During that time we had
looked to a commander to direct us each day and provide for
us, but now we had no leader. Each was for himself — no
food, no money, no clothes — one thousand miles from home,
in a country devastated by war.
Not giving a thought to the unfriendly population of East
Tennessee, and as soon as we got our parole, my comrade,
Nance, and I started for Lynchburg, where we got something
to eat — bacon and hard-tack — and then hurried on. Just out
of town we were halted bv a sentinel, made to show our
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
/
i
paroles, and permitted to pass on. When we were out of sight
of a Yankee soldier we kindled a lire, broiled some bacon,
and had a splendid meal, as we thought then. It had been a
long time since we had enough of anything to eat. We
traveled on westward for a day or two, at last reaching the
home of an old Virginia gentleman named Burncy, where we
were entertained splendidly. A iter a good breakfast the next
morning and when our haversacks were filled, the old gentle-
man saddled his old horse and carried our baggage to the
main road, then bade us Godspeed.
We continued our journey, and all went smoothly with us
until we passed Bristol. Tenn. At a crossroads village we
went to one of the residences and asked for something to
eat; but when we said thai we were Confederate soldiers,
that General Lee had surrendered, and that we were trying
to get to our homes in Texas, the man said : "Xo d Rebel
can get anything here unless it is a Minie bullet " While
he was talking thus a stranger came up on foot, wearing a
Confederate lieutenant's uniform, and took up the Confed-
erate cause, returning the abusive language with compound
interest. It appeared that he had formerly lived in that com-
munity. We moved on and traveled till late in the night,
sleeping in the woods some distance from the road. While
walking quietly along the next day we met a squad of fifteen
or twenty Federal soldiers, who Stopped us and demanded
our paroles. After looking at them they gave them back to
us, but took our blanket'- and canteens and told us to march
on.
The next incident was near Grecneville. F.ast Tennessee.
Late in the evening we met thl I vmen, who
asked who we were, where we were going, and demanded our
paroles. Searching our pockets, they took every little trinket
we had, even to a gutta-percha ring made by a soldi'
worth about two cents, ["hen they said they believed they
would kill us anyway, but one of them said. "Xo. not now";
so they let us pass on. It was near sundown and only a mile
or two to Grecneville. As we pushed on we saw numerous
Camp fires in the timber to the right of the road, and I
gested that we go to them and ask protection of the officers;
but my comrade concluded to go with
me to the camp fires, and as we walked up to the biggest and
brightest fire near we were looked at with astonishment by
some half a do/en soldiers. Then one of them said: "Hell".
Johnny! What are you doing here?" Telling him I should
like t.i speak to his comma; tiled a lieutenant, to whom
I told just what had happened to us that evening and asked
permission to stay by the fire that night, which he gave, and
promised protection. They gave ns Supper and allowed us to
sleep in the bunk of two men then out on duty. The lieu-
tenant asked very particularly about the men who had treated
US SO badly that evening, and we learned that then was a
squad out bunting for them.
On our way to Greeneville next morning we were passed
by a squad of cavalry with three men wearing handcuffs and
chains, the same men who had abused us. We went to the
quartermaster's office in Greeneville to try for ti i
to Knoxville; but they had no orders to give us transportation
and advised us to get on the train that was soon to go out
to Bull's Gap, and perhaps we would not be called on for fare.
We got to Bull's Gap all right, and from there we went on
top of a box car to Knoxville. We went into town to try
again for transportation. The quartermaster's office was up-
stairs; so I went up. while my comrade waited in the street.
I found a negro in the office. On telling him what I wanted,
he asked for my parole ami then said they had no orders to
give a "d Rebel" transportation or anything else. I re-
turned and found my comrade very much excited. He said
some one had been clubbing a returned Confederate soldier
whose home was in Knoxville, and all seemed to be excite-
ment. We thought we had better get out of the town. We
started out on foot to Murfrccsboro ; but finding a freight
train loaded with wagons and teams and several teamsters
going to Chattanooga and perhaps to Xashville, they allowed
hi top of the box cars with them. We found those
g< nerous and kind. They advised us not to leave the
train at any of the stations, as there were guards at all of
u made up of home guards, who were sure to abuse us
amsters were old veterai 1 been wounded in
• and were able to serve onlj sters.
When we got to Chattanooga, our Yankee friends advised
ii- !■■ stay with the train until they could let us know
when it would go on. After a long and anxious wait, it
d on. We reached Murfrccsboro the next morning
early, and after daylight rted for the home of my com-
icns. and got there in good time
Her husband was a Primitive Baptist minis-
ter. Just imagine how I felt, clad in rags, almost barefooted.
dirt), and unshaven, in the beautiful home of a nice family.
Though 1 looked like a vagabond, I was proud that I had been
a Confederate soldier. The good people of the community
came to our relief with clothing. Two elderly sisters brought
a nicely tanned calfskin, and a shoemaker in the neighborhood
made us each a pair of shoes out of it. Besides Rev. W. B.
< (wen and wife and the two ' veil, some of these good
people wel ! ips and two daughters. Miss Johnson,
•
\ it oi resting .. > w days, my comrade, C. P. Xance, decided
arents, who were then living on Duck River, in
Lincoln i inn. Their former home was near Xash-
ville. but the Federals had banished them during the war.
the family into a government wagon, without
any is whatever, carried them outside of their
- near Duck River, and unloaded them by the roadside,
aig their home in possession of their negro slaves. The
family then at home was composed of the father and mother,
^liters. Two sons had bi
killed in the war. 1 he trip was made without special inci-
i the family all well. A crop was growing,
and were teaching school. '1 hey had
dei • ere until the crop was gathered and go back
me in the fall. The father and mother, as well as the lame
bl ij . 'lit d befl aa tin - out.
• and youngest of the girls decided to go back
to Murfreesboro with us our passengers
for a single buggy, we took time about in riding. When we
cam. ild home, Miss Mary Xance and I went by in the
buggy, while my comrade and the other sister walked on.
Some of the old negroes were still on the place and seemed
to be delighted to see Miss Mary One old woman said :
Mary, ] am so glad to see you! Is dis
a husband, Mis- Mary?" Miss Mary said: "Yes. How do
you like his looks"" The old woman looked me over and
said: "I 'spect he'll sorter do."
Off for Texas.
Making arrangements to go on our way to Texas. Rev. Mr.
Owen took us to Xashville. where my comrade had many rela-
tives. Two days later we took a steamboat down the Cum-
berland River. Our government transportation was steerage,
of course ; but when we reached Paducah and went aboard the
-J2
Qorjfederat^ l/eterap.
St. Patrick, bound for New Orleans, some of the cabin pas-
sengers had us assigned to berths in the cabin and treated
all right. About one hundred miles below Cairo, 111., "some-
time in the night we were awakened by a terrible jar of the
boat and screams of women. Jumping out of bed, I saw a
number of people rushing toward the front of the boat. One
very old man was in his night clothes only and barefooted,
but he was carrying his clothes and making tremendous strides
for safely, while crying aloud: "All is lost!" Dressing quick-
ly, we took our little belongings and hurried to the front.
The prow of the boat was just striking the bank, and the
deck hands soon made it fast to near-by trees. We learned
that our boat had been in collision with another boat, the Mis-
souri, coming up the river; but no leak had been made. We
remained cabled to the bank until daylight and then went
back up the river to Cairo, were transferred to another boat,
and started again for New Orleans, where we arrived in due
time; and in a day or two we shipped on the Thomas Spark
for Galveston, which we reached after a very slow and un-
pleasant experience — no shade, no shelter, just out on open
deck.
From Galveston we went to Houston by rail, thence to
Navasota, then by foot to Dr. Morrison's, in Robertson
County, then on muleback to Fort Sullivan, in Milam County,
then by horseback to Cameron, reaching there June 26, 1865.
My first thought after getting home was to arrange at once
to get out of the country to Central or South America. There
was talk of a party organizing in the county to go to one of
those countries, and at first I intended to go; but after serious-
ly considering it all, I concluded that I could not afford to
desert my country and people, that I was in honor bound to
stay and share their fate, whatever Reconstruction might
bring.
BATTLE OF OAK HILLS, MO.
BY J. VV. JAMES, ALPINE, TEX.
It has been claimed that the brigade of General McBride
won the battle of Oak Hills, or Wilson's Creek, in Missouri,
on the 10th of August, 1861, which was fought by the forces
under Generals Lyons and Sigel on the one side and Gen-
erals McCulloch and Price on the other. While McBride's
Brigade, with their flintlock muskets and coonskin caps, did
good work, other troops had as good commanders and did as
much. Not the least among them was the brigade commanded
by General Weightman, of Price's command. The brigade
was composed of three regiments commanded by Colonels
Elliott, Hearst, and Clarkston. I belonged to the first-named
regiment.
On that memorable morning we were encamped about mid-
way between where Sigel attacked the Texas Camp and where
Totten took position with his battery. Our camp was on a ridge
extending east and west and covered with large oak trees.
Some of the men were eating breakfast, and others had none
to eat. I was among the latter. The first intimation that we
had of an enemy's being near was the boom of artillery to the
north of us, and a round solid shot struck a tree in our camp,
but did no damage.
General Weightman's headquarters were close by, and he
mounted and rode to the head of our line, gave the order,
"Forward!" and started straight for the battery that had
opened on us. Colonels Hearst's and Clarkston's regiments
fell in with us and completed the brigade. Within a very few
minutes after the battery to the north opened on us the Texas
camp to the south of us was attacked by infantry and artillery.
This showed how accurately Generals Lyons and Sigel had
timed their movements. It was a complete surprise to us. We
were surrounded and attacked. They had selected their posi-
tions and had us at every disadvantage. What were our gen-
erals thinking of, and what was our cavalry doing to allow
this? Before our brigade had advanced very far, a courier
rode up to General Weightman with orders for him to send
a regiment to the fighting to the south of us. Colonel Elliott's
was sent ; and though we went at a double-quick, we never
caught that fight, and the distance was not much more than
half a mile. The Texans whipped Sigel and drove him from
the field before you could say "Scat."
Our regiment now returned to our brigade, which we found
opposing General Lyons's center. The left of our line was in
front of Totten's Battery, and the fighting was very close and
furious. Many of our men had double-barreled shotguns, and
ten men in the company to which I belonged went into the
battle without guns, but it was not long before they got them.
When we got there, we were assigned a position at once and
were soon as busy as the rest. General Weightman was killed
leading the first charge. Adjutant Gordon was shot in the leg,
but did not quit the field. Col. Tom Whitfield's horse fell
with him and hurt him badly. Our brigade held this position
until Lyons's lines gave way, and the victory was ours. The
point of ridge in our front was afterwards known as "Bloody
Point."
General Weightman commanded a section of howitzers in
the war with Mexico, and at the storming of Chepultepec he
plugged the muzzle of one of the Mexican guns with a solid
shot. In the battle of Carthage, Mo., fought on the 5th of
July, 1861, General Weightman's brigade contributed more to
the success of the day than any other troops. In the battle
of Oak Hills I noticed very little straggling, and it seemed
to me that each command performed well the duties assigned
to it, whatever the State they hailed from, and I do not think
any particular command is entitled to all of the laurels.
The loss of General Weightman was indeed a calamity. His
judgment was good, he was kind to his men, and no braver
man could be found. I write this to assist in a humble way
to perpetuate the memory of General Weightman, who was
cut down almost at the beginning of the great struggle. We
were surprised, and little or no generalship was displayed. It
was no more nor less than a rough-and-tumble fight, and there
is not much credit due except to the private soldier.
General McBride commanded Missouri troops and was
under the orders of General Price, who fought General Lyons.
General Sigel commanded the Dutch troops; and, with all due
respect to General McBride, I am puzzled to figure out at
what time during the engagement his command got mixed up
with the Dutch troops, when, from all the information that I
have been able to get, the Dutch troops under Sigel had been
driven from the field by the Texas and Arkansas troops hours
before the battle was decided.
Killed at Fakmington. — The following comes from Scott
D. Davis, Lewisburg, Tenn. : "Two soldiers who were wounded
in the battle of Farmington, October 7, 1863, are buried in
Marshall County, Tenn. Jim Kesterson lived at Mayfield,
Ky., died at Mr. Needham Wiggs's, and was buried at Beth-
birei. Jessie Harrison was shot in the leg and died at Mr.
John Ray's, near Lewisburg. He is buried in the Talley grave-
yard, on the Mooresville Pike. I have never seen this pub-
lished, and it may be of interest to some of their relatives or
friends."
Qorpfederat^ V/eterai)
73
HOOD'S BRIGADE AXD THE "BUCKTAILS."
BY J. B. POLLEV, FLORESVILLE, TEX.
Tell ilie truth and shame the devil.
In the "Reminiscences of a Private," published in the De-
cember number of the Veteran, there appears on page 540
a statement that should not in the interesl of truthful history
go unchallenged and uncorrected. My attention has been
called to it by the following letter from Capt. R. J. Harding,
a resident of Jackson, Miss, and for more thai rm the
efficient sheriff of his home county :
"My Dear Joe Polley I se< in '!' Confederate Vi
what purports to be the reminiscences of a member of Harry
T. I lays'-- Louisiana 1 In thi se rt n
said : 'After resting a few days we were hastily ordered to re-
enforo I 1 at Richmond, Va. Reaching Lee
on the 26th of June, t862, we formed line On the double-quick.
As we advanced our brigadier
toping at full Speed across our from, shouted in char, piercing
tones: "Louisianians, th< famous Penns; lucktails arc
behind breastworks at the top of yonder hill! Hood's
Brigade has been repulsed by them! Louisianians, remember
Butler and New remember your sweethearts
wi 1 and your mothers! Will you go to the cresl of that
ridg< ? Will you go?" The brigadi nan.'
"Now, this is a mi-i , of whole cloth I cxas
Brigade nevei gave back one inch aftei he gave thi command,
i iid!' No Louisianians were in sight, and Marry T.
Hays never said that Hood's [*exas Bl d been rc-
pulsed Tin- |ili 'I exas won thi tie, and
11 1- proper that one of its members should publish an em-
phatic denial ol the Staten I
niscences. If you care to do it. 1 will send you Stom
1 of the b s's Mill, or Gaines's
Heights, oi- 1 laines's Farm, mad
signature, 'J. T. Jackson.' In that reporl Jackson says the
4th Texas, under tin personal lead of General Hood, was the
first Confederate command t enemy's lines at
Gaines's Mill."
Captain Harding was one of tin- mosi gallant officers of the
1st Texas Regi
mandi r in the battle - it ' hit I absent
when lighting was bi , after the battle of
Sharpsburg, where the 1st Texas held l!
until it lost eighty-three pel cent ol thi one hundri
twentj ce men it earned into action, a distinguished 1
colonel, then a guest of General Lei niled somewhat scorn-
fullj at sight of the ragged bacl of it 1 ivates,
General 1 ee said to him "Never mind their backs, Colonel;
the enemy never sees that pari of their anato
'1 he reminiscences under criticism are a tin
tin date when General Hays shouted that II I - Bri-
gade had been repulsed It it was reallj on the 26th of June,
1862, then General Hays was "talking through his hat." for
on that day the Texas Brigade was engaged in no real battle
save that in which its advance guard of skirmishers indulged
while clearing the way for the brigade to march from Ashland
to ;i stream known as the Totopotomoy. Vrriving at this creek
about the middle of the afternoon, the Texas skirmishers (I
was one of them myself and SO speak from personal knowl-
edge I discovered that the bridge across was in flames and
that a considerable force of the Federals On the farther bank
from us was doing its best to insure its complete destruction.
While a squail of us wdio had come together at a point in the
road about four hundred yards from the bridge were shoot-
ing at such of these Federals as came in view, General Jack-
alone and una 5ted lhat
we raise our sights, the enemy being at a greater distance
1 us than we thought. Adopting the suggestion, we fired
a couple of volleys and then advanced with a rush to the
bridge, the Federals taking flight before us. The flooring of
the bridge had burned away, but the stringers were not yet
sen 1 ' am
and thence, unopposed, went on to the crest of the hill beyond.
When the Texas P.rigade. which was leading the advance of
Jackson's command thai ertook us. we moved steadily
on. meeting no opposition, an re dark reached Hund-
- comer, in McClellan's rear Her- before midnight we
were joined by the other tr under Jackson's com-
mand. As thi the advance and cleared
the way before them. 1 cannot understand how they could
have done any fighting that day and. least of all. have made
a charge upon a position from which Hood's Texas F.rigade
been repulsed. Nor do 1 find in the Virginia volume of
federate Mililarv History" 1 Volume HI., prepared by
Mai Jed Hotchkiss and giving detailed account of all the
battles fought on Virginia soil during thi sixties) any men-
tie fought on ' by any command
ri under Jackson \H 1' ting that
by any of Jackson' that "at .7 P.M H I's
ans. in the had. had rmish at the T
But let ii- of this reminiscence mis-
k the date and - 'red
■-■'■ of Tune. 1- which any of the
more
1 re than a skirmish after they got in the rear of McClel-
- army. What then' Simply this: On the 27th of June.
•tind
:
1 re to the right until, after mid 'bed the
m to which Jackson ' ex-
treme right of his command and to the left of 1 I'.ri-
. then ui On its imn is, I
1 was
Where 1 -jade was
1 do not know, hut I do know that it was nowhere near the
Irigade; presumably it was nearly two miles to the
left of the Texas Brigade.
Sine- this article T had the very great pleasure of
for an hour or more with Col. W. L.
tancc. for a long time commander of the 34th North
Carolina, in Pendi I le. Paring ami gallant as he was
in the cause of the South, he is now even
daring in the can- «ing
a Presbyterian minister and a most efficient one. When I
cences, he said in sub-
tle* that Pender's Brigade during the battle on the 27th
of June, 1862, took position in Jackson's line immediately to
the left of Law's Brigade, which was the only command in
line bctv. ' ivs's
was not in the line anywhere near Pender's I
quote Colonel Lowrance by his permission.
The Texas P.rigade did not take an active part in the bat-
tle of the 27th of June until the afternoon wa pent.
Then General Hood ordered it forward. The advance of the
i-t and 5th Tix;is. Hampton's South Carolina Legion, and
the larger part of the iSth Georgia — the regiments wdu'eh. with
the 4th Texas, composed the brigade — was through the heavily
timbered swamp out of which flowed into Chickahominv River
74
Qor)federat^ Ueterao.
what is known as Powhite Creek. The 4th Texas and one or
two companies of the 18th Georgia, although fronting and at-
tacking the stronghold of the Union lines, had comparatively
open ground to move over; and, therefore, this part of the
brigade advanced much more- rapidly than the other part of
it could possibly do and thus, as Captain Harding expresses
it. "won the most glory." If in the charge that the Texas
Brigade made that day on the stronghold of the Federals it
encountered the "famous Pennsylvania Bucktails" or was re-
pulsed by the Bucktails or any other Federal command, its
members were as unconscious of the fact as history is silent
about it.
Readers of this will please remember that I am not trying
to rob the gallant Louisianians of Hays's Brigade of a single
one of their justly won laurels. All I wish to accomplish is
to preserve untarnished those as justly and honorably won
by Hood's Texas Brigade. Uncontradicted, the statement by
Comrade Roby that on the 26th of June, 1862, Gen. Harry T.
Hays shouted to his brigade as he rode across its front,
''Louisianians, the famous Pennsylvania Bucktails are behind
breastworks on top of yonder hill! Hood's Texas Brigade has
been repulsed by them !" will be accepted by thousands of the
readers of the Confederate Veteran as proof that the Penn-
sylvania Bucktails did repulse Hood's Texas Brigade.
In conclusion, let me say that, since Comrade Roby made
so patent a mistake as to the date of the incident, it is more
than likely that he was also mistaken as to the name of the
command which General Hays said had been repulsed by the
Pennsylvania Bucktails. The conviction that he did make a
mistake in the name is forced upon me by the fact that until
Gaines's Mill the Texas Brigade had gained no such reputa-
tion as would justify General Hays in calling upon his men
to do what the Texans had failed to accomplish. True, the
Texans had at Eltham's Landing, or West Point, on the York
River, during the retreat of Joseph E. Johnston's army from
Yorktown, killed and wounded a hundred or more of Frank-
lin's Corps of Federals and driven the rest of it back to their
transports and the protection of their gunboats and thus pre-
vented the capture of our immense train of baggage, supply,
and ammunition wagons. In this engagement the 1st Texas
bore the brunt of the fighting and lost more heavily than any
other regiment. The other regiments did more or less effective
skirmishing, but lost only a few men. That was on May 7,
1862. At Seven Pines, on the last days of May, 1862, the Texas
Brigade, although under fire the greater part of the time, did
not come face to face in deadly encounter with any line of
battle. With only these small services to its credit and with
other brigades in the army which had won great distinction,
wiiy should General Hays have asked his command to outdo
it? Argument on this point, however, is needless, the fact
being that never during the War between the States was
Hood's Texas Brigade repulsed by the "famous Pennsylvania
Bucktails."
Capt. Ed Gammon. — J. L Henry writes from Dayton,
Tenn.: "Was he the youngest captain in the Confederate army?
He was just sixteen and commanded a company in the 1st
Tennessee Cavalry. On the morning of his death his com-
pany and ours were sent to bring 011 the fight, and just be-
low the town we encountered the Yankees, and Ed was killed.
I was with Captain Gammon at Piedmont and many other
places besides Morristown. and I can say that, in addition to
being the youngest captain, which I guess he was, a braver
boy or man never lived than Ed Gammon."
EXCHANGE OF /'R1SO.XERS.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK. GA.
It is of no use to try to disguise the fact that the name of
U. S. Grant will go down in history (and rightly, too) as that
of a great general, if for nothing else than bringing the War
between the States to a successful finish for the Union side.
I am sure that we of the South must have the kindliest feel-
ings toward the General for his generous treatment of Gen-
eral Lee's army at Appomattox; but the suffering and death
of every wretched prisoner, not only in the Andersonville
"hell hole." but everywhere North and South, after October
15, 1864, is directly chargeable to U. S. Grant, and the "Of-
ficial Records" prove it without a shadow of a doubt, as the
following will show :
Grant to Butler, .April 14. 1864 (Series XL, Volume VII.,
page 50 1 : "Until examined by me and my orders thereon are
received by you, decline all further exchanges."
President Davis to Confederate Congress, May 2 (page
103) : "The prisoners held by us are perishing from the in-
evitable effects of imprisonment and homesickness produced
by the hopelessness of release from confinement. The spec-
tacle of their suffering augments our longing desire to release
from similar trials our own brave men who have spent so
many weary months in a cruel and useless imprisonment.''
Robert Ould to Mulford, August 10 (page 578) : "You have
several times proposed to exchange prisoners, officer for of-
ficer and man for man, and this proposal has heretofore been
declined by us, we insisting on the delivery of the excess on
either side upon parole. In view, however, of the large num-
ber held now by both sides and their suffering, I now consent
to deliver the prisoners held by the Confederacy, provided
you agree to deliver an equal number, with the understanding
that those who have been in captivity longest will be the first
delivered."
Grant to Butler, August 18 (page 606) : "On the subject of
exchange I differ with General Hitchcock. It is hard on our
men held in Southern prisions not to exchange them, but it is
humanity to those left in the ranks to fight our battles.
Every man we hold when released on parole or otherwise
becomes an active soldier against us at once either directly
or indirectly. If we commence a system of exchange which
liberates all prisoners taken, we will have to fight on until
the' whole South is exterminated. If we hold those caught,
they amount to no more than dead men. At this particular
time to release all Rebel prisoners would insure Sherman's
defeat and compromise our safety here."
Grant to Seward, August 19 (page 614) : "We ought not
to make a single exchange nor release a prisoner on any pre-
text whatever until this war closes. We have got to fight
until the military power of the South is exhausted; and if we
release or exchange prisoners, it simply becomes a war of
extermination."
Grant to Stanton, August 21 (page 662) : "Please inform
General Foster that under no circumstances will he be au-
thorized to make exchanges of prisoners of war. Exchanges
simply reenforce the enemy at once, whilst we do not get
the benefit of those received for two or three months and
lose the majority entirely."
D. C. Anderson, of Ohio, to President Lincoln, September
4 (page 768) : "I find everywhere the most intense feeling of
dissatisfaction at the policy of the administration relative to
the suffering of our prisoners at Andersonville. The people
here were and are your warmest friends and labored earnestly
to fill your call for volunteers, very many urging their own
Qoi^federat^ l/eterai).
75
sons to enlist. The authenticated accounts of their sufferings
have brought several gray-haired mothers to their graves and
others to the insane asylum. Fathers and mothers who wept
but yet thanked God for such noble sons when they fell
gloriously on the battle field have sickened and fainted under
the consuming suspense and burning anxiety caused by the
long imprisonment and ineffable suffering of other sons, com-
pelled to endure more than the horrors of the Inquisition in
that terrible open pen. They are naked, without shelter day
or night, starved, eaten by vermin, the filthiest of water, no
soap, no blankets, sickening, dying, rotting as they stagger
and fall to rise no more. Many hoped and prayed long, wait-
ing for your strong arms to come to their aid; but they have
sunk into despair and insanity. Those who have died found
such graves as no man would put a dog in. Xow, is it to be
wondered at that these good fathers and friends should mani-
fest dissatisfaction? Your failure to comply with the Rebel
proposition to a mutual exchange increases this dissatisfac-
tion. Dr. Steele says : 'If anything could be more cruel than
the Rebel treatment of our sons, it is the criminal neglect
shown by our authorities.' All hold you responsible. 0, for
God's sake interpose! It is crushing the patriotism out of
the poor prisoners and embittering hundreds of thousands of
their friends. It is everywhere considered the refinement of
cruelty. We Know that you < .in have them exchanged
give your attention to it. It is simplj murder to neglect it
longer."
llalleck to Grant (August 27, page 685) : "I have directed
General Canby to permit no more exchanges. To exchange
their healthy men for ours, who are on the brink of the grave
from their hellish treatment, of course gives them all the
advantage, Nevertheless, it seems very cruel to leave our
men to be slowly and deliberately tortured to death. But I
suppose there is no remedy at present
Robert Child to relatives and frii I onfederate sol-
diers confined in Northern prisons (August 31. page 704 ) :
"Seeing a persistent purpose on the part of the Federal gov-
ernment to violate its own agreement, the Confederate au-
thorities, moved by the suffering of the brave men who are
so unjustly held in Northern prisons, determined to abate
their fair demand, and accordingly on August 10 I made the
off, 1 I., Mi 01 Mulford to , xchange man for man until the
supply was exhausted, to which offer no satisfactory reply
was given. So deep was the solicitude which I felt in the
fate of our captives in Northern prisons that I determined
to make another effort. In order to obviate any objections
which might technically be raised as to the person to whom
my communication was addressed. 1 wrote to Maj. Gen E
V Hitchcock, who is the Federal Commissioner of Exchange,
residing in Washington City, making the same offer that I
had previously made to Major Mulford. Receiving no an-
swer from General Hitchcock. I took the matter up with
Major Mulford and received the following reply: 'I have no
communication on the subject from our authorities, nor am
I yet authorized to make answer.' 1 have repeatedly offered
to give ten Federal captives for every Confederate soldier
whom the enemy will show to have been wrongfully ex-
changed. I have thus set before you the action of the Con-
federate authorities in relation to a matter which lies so
near your hearts and how it has been received by the enemy.
The fortunes of your fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, and
friends are as dear to those authorities as their persons are
precious to you ; and I have made this publication not only
as an illustration of Federal bad faith, but also that you might
see that your government has spared no effort to secure the
release of the gallant men who have so often confronted death
in the defense of our sacred cause ."
Lee to Grant, October 1 (page 906) : "With a view to alle-
viate the suffering of our soldiers, 1 have the honor to pro-
pose an exchange of prisoners belonging to the armies oper-
ating in Virginia."
Grant to Lee, October 2 (page 909) : "I could not accept
your proposition further than to exchange those prisoners
captured within the last tin, have not yet
been delivered to the commissary general of prisoners."
Stanton to Grant, October 15 (page 988) : "It is the desire
of the President that no effort consistent with the national
safety be spared to effect the release of all in captivity to the
Rebels, and the subject is committed to you with full au-
thority to act in the premises as you shall deem right and
proper."
Grant's testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of
the War. 1865: "I did not deem it a, 1 just to the
men who had to fight battles to reenforce the enemy with
thirty or forty thousand disciplined troops. The suffering
said to exist among our prisoners South was a powerful at
ment against the course pursued, and I so felt it."
First Emancipation Proclamation.
The December VETERAN has a most interesting article on
the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln
on January 1. 1863; but it 1 rally known that a pre-
mature one had been promulgated by that ardent lover of the
South, Gen. D. Hunter, on May 9, 1862. This, however,
covered only the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and
Florida. The instrument reads thus: "The three States of
South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, having taken up arms
against the United States, it becomes a military necessity to
declare them under martial law. Slaves and martial law in a
free country are altogether incompatible; therefore the pet
in these three States heretofore held as slaves are declared
free."
The trap (on account of political reasons') not being ready
to be sprung, the President disavowed this proclamation, and
the aforesaid general was given to understand that the Presi-
dent reserved this right, to be used at his own discretion.
First Troops THROUGH Thoroughfare Gap.
In the Veteran for December Captain Hill, of the 5th
as Regiment, states that his regiment of Hood's Brigade
was the first Confederate organization through Thoroughfare
Gap on the evening of August 28. While there is no doubt
in tin world that Hood's Brigade would have gone through
first if it had been so ordered, the captain himself admits that
they started to go through Hopewell Gap, but countermarched
to Thoroughfare Gap and then went through. Now, the offi-
cial records show that General Lee ordered D. R. Jones's
Division to make the advance; and General Jones chose An-
derson's Georgia Brigade, consisting of the 1st Regulars, 7th,
8th, 9th, and nth Regiments, from that State for the job.
As this brigade had quite a spirited affair with the enemy
before driving him out, this again disproves Captain Hill's
statement, as he says that his regiment went through without
firing a gun. Again, Hood, in his report, says: "After a
spirited engagement with them by D. R. Jones's troops on the
evening of the 28th, our forces were able to bivouac for the
night beyond the Gap." Therefore the Georgia Brigade, led by
the 1st Regulars, was undoubtedly the first command of Con-
federate soldiers to pass through Thoroughfare Gap on this
76
/
Qopfederat^ l/eterar).
occasion. I think that any man who went through the war
with Hood's Texans (certainly one of the finest fighting units
of our army) has gathered for himself enough glory to last
the rest of his days; and, therefore, I trust that the brave
captain will pardon me for my interest in my native State.
THE STORY OF A FIVE-DOLLAR GOLD PIECE.
BY CAPT. RICHARD BEARD, IN NASHVILLE BANNER.
Col. James M. King for many years was a wealthy and
highly respected citizen of Rutherford County, Term. When
a young man, during the War of 1812, he enlisted as a sol-
dier in General Jackson's army and was in General Coffee's
brigade on the flank of the army in the battle of New Or-
leans, which received the first fierce onset of the British
troops. When young King started to the war, his father gave
him a five-dollar gold piece, which he brought home on the
conclusion of peace between England and this country. On
the eve of his marriage to a young girl of Rutherford County
he gave her the coin, and she kept it sacredly from 1815 to
the breaking out of the war in 1861.
Colonel King's five sons enlisted in the Confederate
army and were with it to the end, in 1865. Three of these
boys, T. M. King, Charlie King, and J. M. King, Jr.. enlisted
in Company I, 1st Tennessee Regiment, and were familiarly
known as the "King boys," and no braver or better soldiers
ever went into a battle. In May, 1861, the 1st Tennessee
went into a camp of instruction at Camp Cheatham, in Robert-
son County, and there Tom King was granted a furlough to
go home. When he was about to return to his regiment, his
mother gave him with her blessing the gold piece that she had
kept so sacredly for forty-six years, knowing that there would
be dark days ahead of him when he might need it sorely.
About the middle of July, 1861, this regiment, with the 7th
and 14th Tennessee, was ordered to Virginia. I belonged at
that time to the 17th Tennessee. We were ordered to Manassas ;
but owing to some delays on the way, especially at Knoxville
and at Haynes Station (now Johnson City), we failed to get
there in time for the battle. We passed through Bristol, on
the Virginia and Tennessee line, the day after that great
event; then on to Lynchburg, where we saw a number of
wounded brought from the field ; then on to Charlottesville,
where we found the dormitories of the Virginia University
filled with wounded, most of them young men and boys, the very
flower of young Southern manhood ; then on to Staunton, one
of the most beautiful and aristocratic little cities of the State;
then to Millboro Station, the terminus of what is now the
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. There we disembarked and
entered on General Lee's campaign in Northwest Virginia, a
campaign that tested the mettle of the untried volunteers who
were engaged in it; but, on account of the mountainous char-
acter of the country, it was unfruitful of any beneficial results
to the South.
From Millboro Station we crossed the mountain and made
our first night's encampment at Warm Springs, a beautiful
and celebrated watering place, now in West Virginia. Dur-
ing the day Charles King became ill, and his brother Tom
went to the home of Mrs. J. T. Lockridge, in the village, and
asked if his brother could spend the night in her house.
"Yes," said she. "Bring him here, and I will take care of
him and as many more of your comrades as I can accom-
modate."
Mrs. Lockridge had two beautiful little daughters about
six and eight years of age; and as these were the first South-
ern soldiers they had seen, the girls enjoyed their coming and
became especially fond of Tom King, who was a pleasant
and genial young soldier. As the brigade was about to start
the next morning on its march through the mountains, Tom
King went to Mrs. Lockridge to compensate her for en-
tertaining himself and his friends ; but she refused to take
anything, saying: "My husband is a member of the Virginia
Legislature, an ardent Southern man. I am in full sym-
pathy with him, and I can never think of charging a South-
ern soldier for anything that I can do for him." But Tom
was not satisfied and sent her a note, inclosing the sacred
five-dollar gold piece and asking her to give it to her youngest
daughter as a token of his remembrance of her kindness.
We then took up our march through the mountains, and
after passing Huntersville and crossing the Greenbrier River
we came into a perfect wilderness, where for many months
we did not see the face of a woman. We became hungry for
the sight of one. I remember that the brigade was ordered
to a place called Mingo Flats, the 1st Tennessee in front and
the 7th and 14th following, and in going down the hillside we
saw a log cabin on the roadside in the valley below. As we
passed, a wooden blind was thrown open, and a comely Vir-
ginia lass, with sleeves rolled up above her elbows (she was
evidently just from the washtub), looked out on the passing
show. At the very sight of her the 1st Tennessee started a
yell that was taken up by the 7th and 14th, and it echoed and
reechoed through those mountains. The Rebel yell on the
battle field was not a circumstance to the one we gave that
day. The girl was evidently highly gratified by the demon-
stration made in her honor.
After this campaign was over we were transferred to the
Valley under Stonewall Jackson and made with him that fear-
ful winter campaign, through the snow and ice of the moun-
tains, to Bath and Romney, starting out on it January I,
1862. Shortly after this the 1st Tennessee was transferred
from Virginia to the army under AlWert Sidney Johnston
and made its record in all the battles in the West, from Shiloh
to Bentonville. With the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. John-
ston's army at Greensboro, N. C„ Tom King and his two
brothers received their paroles, went home, and took up the
thread of life where it had been broken off four years be-
fore. Tom King still lives at a ripe old age, highly respected
and esteemed. In 1886 he was elected Circuit Court Clerk
of Rutherford County and served for two terms.
He had ceased to think of the gold piece that he had left
with the little girl in Virginia; but Mrs. Lockridge never
considered that she or her daughter owned it, and she deter-
mined to return it to him if she could ever find him. In
July, 1896. the city recorder of Murfreesboro received a note
from her making inquiry for Tom King or his nearest rela-
tives, and upon receipt of his reply she wrote the following
letter :
"Driscoi.l, W. Va., August 17, 1896.
"Caf>t. T. M. King: For over thirty years I have endeavored
in many ways to gain the information so courteously given
me a few days ago by your city clerk. My daughter once
wrote to your county clerk, but received no reply. The re-
solve to make one more effort was strengthened a few weeks
ago while my daughter and I were looking over some me-
mentoes of the past, among which was your note, which I
had preserved, giving the name of the regiment and company
to which you then belonged. Thus was the idea suggested
which has met with gratifying success. The almost historical
coin is still in my daughter's possession. In the lapse of years
Qopfederat^ Veterai).
77
and connecting associations it has become almost as much an
heirloom in our family as it must be in yours. When, after
you left on that morning in May, 1861, I opened your note
containing thanks for overestimated deeds, which I was ever
ready to offer to brave soldiers, these words, 'Given me by my
mother when I left for the war,' found a responsive echo in
my own heart, and I could almost imagine I heard her voice
asking me to guard this parting gift, the last offering of a
mother's love, as she in true Spartan spirit yielded her loving
treasures to her country's call. Then I determined to cherish
the relic and when the horrors of war were over to restore it,
if possible, to the original owner. Remembering that it was
given in trust for my youngest daughter, I knew I had no
right to appropriate it without her consent; but when in
childish innocence she often wished to spend it, I gave her
its face value in greenback to spend as she wished, intending,
if I failed in finding the original owner, to give it back to
her when --lie could better appreciate its value. My efforts
being futile in the former case, I presented it to her on the
day of her marrage, September 4, 1884, to L. H. Herold, but
added the request that she would never part with it unless the
sternest necessitj demanded it. And although misfortunes
have overtaken her. as well as me, since the (hath of my
husband, she has never yielded to the temptation of parting
with it, ever sharing with me the feeling that there may be
those living who have a prior claim to it. And now that we
thave succeeded 111 our efforts to find them, my daughter
awaits your address and direction how to send it, by mail or
express.
A". 1 \ truly your friend, Mus. I I. I.ockridce."
Thus was Tom King found at last and the coin returned to
him. lie has given it to his son, J. Moore King, who prizes
it above am oilier property that he is blessed with, and it will
be kept in the family as long as there is a descendant of T.
M King.
Ah OLD CONFED S STORY OF IRISH WIT.
BY ANNIE LAURIE SHARKEY, ST. LOUIS, MO.
Tommy Logan was a typical son of the Emerald Isle who
i nt. red the Confederate army at the first call for troop-
Mississippi, lie joined the company to which I belonged.
which was formed of young planters, all or nearly all the
sons of wealthy planters of Hinds and Madison Counties.
Tommy was older than any of the other privates and had
traveled over nearly all the States as a common laborer,
mostly with his shovel or hod. Never was Tommy wanting
in a reply to any question asked; he needed no time to
"frame" his answer. The only besetting sin of this true man
and soldier was his love for the jug. No kinder man ever
lived, lie was liberal to a fault and had impoverished him-
self that others might not suffer.
When General Lee's army was encamped around Freder-
icksburg. Y.i.. with tin- Federal army waiting to attack as soon
as they could cross the river. General Magruder, a splendid
officer and brave commander, issued an order that no intoxi-
cants should he sold within the Confederate line nor sold or
given away to any Confederate soldier. General Magruder
was himself a hard drinker, and this, and this alone, kept
liim down 10 the rank of major general. A few days after
this order Tommy was detailed as a guard at General Ma-
grudcr's headquarters and was on duty near the General's
tent when a conversation arose between the officers as to
why the pay of the Confederate army was fixed at odd num-
bers, a private receiving $11 per month, a sergeant $17, a
lieutenant $91, a captain $121, and a general $301. They could
arrive at no conclusion to the controversy. One of the aids
to the General who knew Tommy said : "General Magruder,
old Tommy Logan, the guard out there, may answer your
question. He has a ready answer to any question asked him."
So another soldier was sent to take Tommy's place, and
Tommy was ordered to headquarters more as a joke than
for information. When Tommy came up, it was plainl
that he had been drinking, and he thought that was why he-
was ordered to headquarters. General Magruder said: "Sir,
I sec you have been drinking. Will you tell where you got
the whisky?" "O, Gineral, I'm afraid you will put me in the
guardhouse, and I think the damn Yankees are thinking of
taking Fredericksburg, and I would hate to tell some of my
good friends in town I did not fire a shot in their defense."
"No," said the General, "I will not punish - you will
tell where you got your whisky." "Ah, Gineral, that sounds
so kind of you to say that that it matters not where I got tin
whisky; so I will tell you the God's truth where I g
liquor." "Yes, if you will tell mc truthfully w-herc you got
the whisky, I shall see that no punishment is given you. Now
tell me. where d <t the whisky?" "Well, Gineral. I
took a stroll around the hills bcyant the clump of bushes, and
'itched, with no attendant looking after
them. When I was with a racer in Kentucky some years ago
I learned to love horses, and one of these animals was a
beautiful bay. Ah! he was of royal blood, 1 bet. I went up
to him and rubbed his head and neck. He seemed to know
his admiring friend. On going around him I discovered
a canteen hung to the saddle, and, the divil take my curi-
osity. I smelt of tin- canteen and found about three drinks of
good whisky. My curiosity to taste was up. and I took a
small drink. Ah! bad luck to whisky. It made me want
more, and I drank the entire contents of that canteen, not
more than three fingers, though, -
I l.u- the General put in: "Well, you are telling a long-
winded story, and the one who owned the whisky or horse
you have not divulged, and you seem to want to hide. Out
with the truth. Whose horse was th< canteen on?"
"Ah! my kind Gineral, I do not know the owner; but I
1 ' si\ months seen yon ridin' that noble ani-
mal."
When til- 1 the entire office force began to laugh,
and one said : "General, Tommy is too much for you." "But."
said the General, "he has not only got off for being drunk,
but has gotten drunk on my whisky."
\~ Tommy started to leave, the General (who enjoyed the
joke on himself) said: "Tommy. I sent for you not knowing
you had been drinking; but some one said you could explain
why soldiers' pay was put at such odd numbers. Now
get $11 per month, and I get $301 per month. How do
explain that ?"
"Ah! Gineral, that is aisy. I get $10 a month for the work
I do as a private and $1 for the honor of being a soldier, ami
you get $300 for the honor of being a gineral and $1 for the
work you do."
I now must tell you that General Magruder never passed
our company at any time on the march or in camp and saw
Tommy that he did not raise his hat and salute the private
who explained so fully the odd numbers that Congress fixed
as the pay for its officers and soldiers of the line.
78
Qor?federat<^ l/eterar?
yn-nNi-A-n-jrjrj^k'n-n-nwwJL^^^
\ TOE -LAiST' ROLL"
.^flAIAIAIAKMAIAlAIAIAKHAIAIAIAIAIAH
'But the Healer was there, and his arms were around,
And he led them with tenderest care,
And he showed them a star in the bright upper world ;
'Twas their star shining brilliantly there."
Alexandfr Wood.
Alexander Wood, oldest son of Capt. D. G. Wood, C. S.
A., and Harriet Parrat Wood, was born in Darlington Dis-
trict, S. C, November 23, 1844. When the War between the
States came on, he offered himself to his country's cause ; but
on account of his youth and small stature he was four times
refused. In April, 1863, he was accepted and served to the
end of the war. He was a member of Hart's Battery, Hamp-
ton's Legion, and participated in more than one hundred
hard - fought battles.
For his bravery and
personal courage he
was several times
praised by general of-
ficers. He received
his parole at Greens-
boro, N. C, May 3,
1865, and immediate-
ly set out for his
home to find devasta-
tion, destruction, and
ruin stamped upon
the whole country
Sherman had passed
through. The West
offered a more prom-
ising field to the man
who must start life
anew, and in 1867 he
went to Texas, set-
tling near Brenham, and later moved to Burleson County.
In December, 1874, he was united in marriage to Amelia
Elizabeth Love, a most beautiful Christian character. In
1886 he moved his family to San Marcos, Tex., and a few
years later cast his lot with the pioneers of the Lower Rio
Grande Valley. Seven sons and six daughters came to bless
his home, twelve of whom, with the good mother, survive
him. His death occurred at Mission, Tex.. May 15, 1915, and
this noble son of the Old South was laid to rest in Buena
Vista Burial Park, at Brownsville, Tex.
After returning from the Reunion at Chattanooga in 1913,
acceding to the request of his children, Comrade Wood be-
gan writing the story of his life as a private in the Confed-
erate army, and a few days before his death he completed a
most graphic and thrilling account of his service with the
Horse Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia, under
Stuart, Hampton, and Lee.
In private life the same cheerful, brave, and manly spirit
ALEXANDER WOOD.
that distinguished the soldier characterized the citizen, Chris-
tian, friend, husband, and father. Truly may it be said of
him that he fought life's battles cheerfully, nobly, and re-
ligiously and by his spotless example as an upright man in-
delibly stamped the good influence of his life not only upon
those who were dearest to him. but upon all who knew him.
Capt. Thomas Pinckney.
By the death of Capt. Thomas Pinckney on November 15,
1915, there has passed out of the life of Charleston, S. C, an
influence for good in every way. He was born in Charleston
August 13, 1828, the son of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and
a direct descendant of the Pinckneys famous in Revolutionary
times. He first attended school at Pendleton, then was a
student at the University of Virginia, and graduated from
the South Carolina Medical College in 1850. He was also a
graduate of the New York University of Medicine. He en-
tered the military service of the State of South Carolina in
i860 as captain of the St. James Mounted Rifles, and in 1861
he entered the service of the Confederate States as captain
of the Independent Company, which was Company D, 4th
South Carolina Cavalry. After a year's service, his command
was transferred to Hampton's Legion. Captain Pinckney
was in a number of skirmishes while on picket duty on the
coast of South Carolina and was captured in a fierce engage-
ment at Hawes' Shop. Va., on May 28, 1864. He was ex-
changed with the sick and wounded and surrendered April
26, 1865. He was one of the famous six hundred placed on
Morris Island by the Federals and exposed to the fire of their
Confederate comrades.
During his service Captain Pinckney wore the sword that
had been worn by his father in the War of 1812 and which
had also been worn by his grandfather in the Revolutionary
War. When captured the sword was taken from him and
never returned.
Returning from the war to his devastated plantation on the
Santee River, he again took up rice-planting, in which he
had been so successful before the war. He took an active
part in electing General Hampton Governor in 1876, thus over-
turning negro rule in the State. He was prominently identi-
fied with many fraternal and patriotic associations of his city
and State, and at the time of his death he was Commander
of Camp Sumter, U. C. V. No finer tribute could be paid
him than to say that he was "a brave soldier of the Confeder-
acy, a true patriot whose role during the troublous years of his
young manhood was worthy of the distinguished lineage from
which he was sprung, a good citizen, and a modest gentleman."
John T. Roberts.
John Thomas Roberts was born in Goldsboro, N. C, Sep-
tember 1, 1842, and died in Tampa, Fla., October 24, 1915,
aged seventy-three years. "Uncle John" served under the
Stars and Bars in Company A, Goldsboro Rifles, 27th North
Carolina Regiment, and later was courier in Cook's Brigade,
as one of which he surrendered at Greensboro, N. C, in
1865. One of three brothers who served faithfully the State
of their nativity, Uncle John was the last survivor. He leaves
a wife and seven children, five daughters and two sons. His
children's children down the generations will revere his mem-
ory and help to make greater the country he loved, fought
for, bled for, and was willing to die for. He rests under the
oaks in the quiet graveyard at Dade City, Fla.
Qogfederat^ l/eterai).
79
W, N. KENNER.
Capt. W. N. Kenner.
On July II, 1915, at his home, in Corsicana, Tex., W. N.
Kenner, Commander of Camp C. M. Winkler, U. C. V., de-
parted this life at the ripe age of eighty-three. He was born
in Fauquier County, Va., at Old Salem, now Marshall, and
when a lad moved, with his parents, to St. Charles County,
Mo. In 1861 he went to Navarro County, Tex., and soon
afterwards, impatient to serve his country, went to Ellis
County, where the Ellis County Grays were organizing, and he
joined them. This company was afterwards known as Com-
pany E, of the 12th
Texas Cavalry, which
was one of the regi-
ments in Parson's
Brigade. Although
almost a stranger, at
the reorganization ^UE
strong personality
made such an im-
pression on his com-
rades that they elected
him first lieutenant
of the company.
More than any
other force, Parson
Brigade was instru-
mental in saving
Texas from the in-
vader; and in all
those trying times,
whether in battle, or
a hazardous scout, or
on a long, weary march. Lieutenant Kenner, generally in
command of the company, was always at his post
his old comrades testifies that "he commanded the u
love, and esteem of every man in his company." On a cer-
tain occasion, when some prisoners were captured, such was
his magnanimous bearing that one of them, an officer, pulled
off his silver spurs and presented them to him. Not long
before the surrender Lieutenant Kenner was promoted to
the position of capta
With the dawn of peace Captain Kenner returned to his
Navarro County home and with all the force of his nature
busied himseli in recuperating from the lo 1 asioned
by the war and in helping to rebuild his beloved South. He
did his work well IK' was one of nature's noblemen, and.
though a quiet, unassuming Christian gentleman, he was a
force in his community and commanded the respect and es-
teem of all w ho knew him.
In the year 1868 Captain Kenner married Mi^ 1 on Riggs,
ol Corsicana. His wife and three daughters survive him.
F. M. Martin.
Prank M. Martin died recently at his home, near Oglesby,
Coryell Comity, Tex, He was born and reared in the vicinity
of Magnolia, Miss., and enlisted in the Confederate arm
member of the McNair Rifles, afterwards Company E, 45th
Mississippi Regiment, Lovvry's Brigade, Army of Tennessee.
He was then a youth of eighteen. After the war he married
Miss Sallie Magee, daughter of Judge Ransom J. Magee, and
removed to Texas, where he engaged in farming with marked
success, lie was seventy-two years old and is survived by
his wife and thirteen children.
Capt. D. B. Strouse.
While conducting evangelistic services at Waynesboro. Au-
gusta County, Ya„ Capt D B Strouse, of Salem, Va., was
taken ill in the pulpit and died on the next day, December
7, 1015. He was born in Augusta County July 26, 1838, his
parents being Dr. Peter and Mrs. Catherine Strouse. Captain
Strouse first attended the common schools of his county and
then became a student of Roanoke College, Salem, Va. ; but
when the war began he laid aside his studies and enlisted
for service in the Confederate army, becoming lieutenant of
Company A, 36th Battalion of Virg I dry. Long before
the end, by pro and deaths, he was left in full com-
mand of his company, which position he held and honored
by many acts of bl 1 gallantry until the surrender at
\ppomattox. His term of active service in the war covered
■I three yi six months, during which time he
was never wounded or captured, nor was he ever serion
sick.
At the close of the war he returned home and on June
14. 1865, main Lucy A Ivan-, of Roanoke County.
Va.. who accompanied him I ton, where he took the
law course at Washington and Lee University. He then
returned to Salem and there practiced law with remarkable
for over I retired from practice
when he became it , f several in-
dustrial corpoi nd was made President of the two
1 taut.
Vbout tw cut v years ago Captain Strouse caught a new vi-
sion of life and its mission, so he gave up his secular busi-
ness pursuits and became an evangelist, freely giving his time
and talent to the Churches in rural and out-of-the-way places.
He took no pay for his services, not even for his e
which were often great, as 1 ■ I the field from Maine
to Mexico and from the Great Lakes to Key West, Fla.
So in divine hands he became instrumental in the salvation
thousands of souls - also largely interested in
ign missions, contributing liberally thereto; and as monu-
ments to his zeal there are to-day as many as four Bible
schools and mission homes and hospitals in the Orient — one
each in China, Japan. Korea, and India.
Besides his wife, he left a son am
Dr. W. P. Mo
Dr. Walker Peyti n V ssed away on January 2 at
the home of his daughter, in Fairfax, Va., after an illness of
at the age of seventy-three years. He was '
in Stafford County, \ a and was a son of R. L C Mon-
cure, for mane years Chief .1 eme Court of
inia. He t the Episcopal High School and
the Universitj of \ : in medicine from
the Hahnemann Institute, in Philadelphia. He was a student
rsity of \ hen the War between the
States came on, and he entered the Confederate army as a pri-
vate, latei of his company. He was
ircd and spent two years in the Federal prison on John-
Is'. md. Lake I
i'i Moncure went to Fairfax some thirty-two years ago
was an active practitioner there until a year or so ago.
lie aiso took a prominent part in all town and county affairs.
Soon after the close of the war he married Miss Hughes, of
1 prominent family of Baltimore, who survives him, with
their ten children, six sons and four daughters.
8o
Qotjfederat^ l/eterap.
Lieut. Benjamin 11. Hutchison.
On the 19th of December. 1914, Lieut. Benjamin H. Hutchi-
son, in the seventy-ninth year of his age, passed away at his
home, in Loudon County, near Aldie, Va. He was the son
of Beverly and Mary P. Hutchison, who owned the "Peach
Orchard" farm, where once lived Thomas Neal, father of
Julia Neal, who was the mother of Stonewall Jackson. The
old N'eal house was moved to its present site, and in it Benja-
min Hutchison was born and died.
In 1859, when excitement was very high over the John
Brown raid, Benjamin Hutchison and his twin brothers, Lud-
wcll and John, with others, started to Charlestown, where
John Brown was in prison. It was reported that five thou-
sand men from the North were on the way to rescue Brown ;
but upon reaching Lee-burg, Hutchison and his comrades
learned that the rumor was unfounded and returned to their
homes. At the breaking out of the War between the States
a company called the Champ Rifles was organized at Aldie.
Va., and B. H. Hutchison and his twin brothers, Ludwell and
John, were among the first to enlist. About May 18, 1861,
Governor Letcher ordered the Champ Rifles to Leesburg,
where it became Company D. of the 8th Virginia Regiment,
Col. Eppa Ilunton commanding. This regiment, afterwards
known as the "Bloody Eighth." took part in the battle of
First Manassas and was also in the battle of Ball's Bluff.
It was reorganized at Yorktown, and B. H. Hutchison was
made color sergeant. He was with the command in the bat-
tles of Williamsburg. Seven Pines, the Seven Days' Battles
around Richmond. At Frazier's Farm he was badly wounded.
When the flag fell from his hand, one of the color guards
picked it up, and he was killed ; a second guard picked it up,
and he was wounded ; then Lieut. Will Davis, of Company
D, took it up, and he was killed. The flag was then carried
by Capt. Charles Pickett, who was on the staff of his brother,
Gen. George E. Pickett, but at the time was acting as aid-de-
camp to Colonel Hunton, then commanding the brigade, Gen-
eral Pickett having been wounded the day before at Gaines's
Mill. Captain Pickett also received a bad wound, from which
he never fully recovered. As soon as able Sergeant Hutchison
rejoined his regiment and took part in the battle of Second
Manassas, where a piece of shell cut off the flagstaff in his
hands. He also carried the flag in the engagements at Boones-
boro Gap and Sharpsburg.
In the fall of 1862 Sergeant Hutchison was elected lieu-
tenant of his company. He was in Pickett's famous charge
at Gettysburg, where he was wounded, captured, and sent to
Fort Warren and from there to Johnson's Island, where he
was kept during the winter of 1863-64. He was then sent to
Point Lookout and later was one of the six hundred officers
at Morris Island put under fire of the Confederate guns at
Charleston. He was released from Morris Island in Decem-
ber, 1S64. His health was greatly impaired by his long con-
finement and was never entirely recovered. He was in every
engagement of his command until his capture.
Lieut. James C. Halbert.
James C. Halbert died at his home, in Lincoln County,
Tenn., on the 23d of December, 1915, at the age of seventy-
seven years. He was a lieutenant in the 41st Tennessee Regi-
ment and was in command of his company in the battle of
Franklin, where he distinguished himself as a brave soldier
and humane officer. As the army was on the retreat from
Tennessee he got permission to go by his home to see his
wife and children. While there some of the neighbor boys
who had left the army came in to see him and tried to per-
suade him to stay with his wife and children. Turning to
his wife, Lieutenant Halbert said: "Fannie, what do you say?"
Her reply was : "I love you, and we need you ; but go back
and stay until you can come home honorably." Lieutenant
Halbert returned to his command and surrendered at Wash-
ington, Ga., in April, 1865.
This noble man and wife lived faithful Christian lives, and
she preceded him to the grave just two months. It was the
last couple in the county known to have married prior to the
war. They were married in 1859 and had two children when
he enlisted, in 1862. He was a good citizen and a true friend.
Peace to his ashes !
[Tribute from T. C. Little, of Fayetteville, Tenn.]
Capt. George C. Norton.
The death of Capt. George Chester Norton, of Louisville,
Ky., came within a few days after an apoplectic attack as he
was on his way to his office. Though he had passed the full-
ness of years that is counted the span of life, he was still
the alert, interested, active man of affairs. He was born at
Lawrenceville, Ga., in 1S36 ; but when he was quite young the
family removed to Rome, Ga., where he was educated. When
the War between
the States came
on, he was com-
missioned as cap-
tain in the 8th
Georgia Infantry
and served to the
end as a brave and
efficient soldier,
taking part in
such battles as
First and Second
Manassas, Shiloh,
Gettysburg, Chick-
amauga, Lookout
Mountain, Cum-
berland Gap, Win-
chester, Seven
Pines, and the
Seven Days' fight-
ing about Rich-
mond, Va.
Upon his mar-
riage, in 1865, to Miss Mary Billups, of Rome, Captain Nor-
ton went to Louisville, Ky., and became a traveling sales-
man for J. M. Robinson & Co. Some ten years later he
was taken into the firm as a partner, and in 1901 he was made
its President. Under his earnest, skillful direction the busi-
ness grew until it became one of the largest of its kind in
the South. The fiftieth anniversary of his connection with
the firm was celebrated in September last, and the employees
of the firm presented Captain Norton with a magnificent piece
of silver appropriately inscribed as a tribute of their love and
respect.
In 1880 Captain Norton was married to Miss Jessie Swope,
of Louisville, who survives him, with their son and four
daughters and the son of his first marriage. He was an elder
in the Presbyterian Church and took an active interest in re-
ligious work. He was also a prominent member of the Falls
City Lodge of Masons and of George B. Eastin Camp of Con-
federate Veterans and a commissioner of the Confederate
Home at Pewee Valley.
CAPT. G. C. NORTON.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
8 1
OMER R. WEAVER CAMP, OF LITTLE ROCK, .IRK.
The Omer R. Weaver Camp, Xo. 354, U. C. V.. of Little
Rock, Ark., through its Committee on Memoirs, George
Thornburgh, chairman, reports the following deaths :
\Y. W. Boles.
Comrade W. W. Boles was born in Fluvanna County. Ya .
May 11. 1832. He removed to Arkansas prior to the War
between the States and in March, 1861, enlisted from Chicot
County as a private in Company G, 23d Arkansas Infantry.
He was wounded and captured at Port Hudson July 9, 1863.
Three days after Ins capture he was released and returned to
his command. He was discharged in October, 1864. His
rank at his discharge was that "f second lieutenant. He was
a farmer and in later years made his home at Arkansas City.
He was elected a member of Omer R. Weaver Camp March
8, lpo6. His death occurred mi May 15, 1015. His di
wife survives him. with one daughter. Mrs. Amburn, who
lives at Lake Village, Ark.
Dr. John B. Bond.
John B. Bond was born at Gettysburg, Pa.. November 24.
1836; but in his early life his parents removed to Missouri,
where he enlisted in the Missouri State Gua August,
1861. He was assistant surgeon in Milton's Battalion and
afterwards served as surgeon in Brace's Regiment. Missouri
State Guards After the battli of Lexington, Governor Jack-
son commissioned him surgeon, and he served as such in
Price's bodyguard, lie became division surgeon in Little's
Division in the Confederate army. Later he was appi
medical purveyor for the district of Arkansas, serving until
the close of the war. Comrade Bond was captured at luka
Springs in 1862, but was soon released. He was paroled in
June, 1865, with the rank of major.
Dr. Bond was married to Miss Julia Sterling, of Little
Rock, July 18, 1863. At the close of the war he went
Louis and completed his coursi in medicine, then with his
family located at DeValls Bluff, \rk.. later going to Little
Rock, where he lived until his death. He was one of the or-
ganizers of this Camp and ever remained a faithful member.
In 1872 Dr. Bond established a drug store in Little
which he continued successfully until 1908. He was active in
building up the medical profession in Arkansas and was one
of the organizers of the Arkansas Association of Phann
For fifteen years he was President of the Si it< B >ard of
Pharmacists and for thirty-two years was a member of thi
American Pharmaceutical Association, serving on various
important committees lie served four terms as coroner of
Pulaski County.
Comrade Bond died at Warren. Ariz., while on a visit to
his daughter. Mrs. Hollis, July t6, 1915. Of his immediate
family, there are left his widow, one daughter, and two sons.
R. B. Carl-Lee.
Reuben B. Carl-Lee was born December 31, 1841, at Rip-
ley. Va. He went to Arkansas in early life and was a pioneer
citizen of this State. He enlisted in the Confederate army
M.o 6, 1861, in Company H. 1st Arkansas Volunteer In-
fantry, and served in the armies of Virginia, Tennessee, and
the Trans-Mississippi Department. He was wounded several
times at Shiloh and other places; was captured at Arkansas
Post January II, 1863. and released May 2. 1863. He was
promoted and served on the staff of Brig. Gen. A. Xelson
until the lattcr's death and then on the staff of Brigadier
General Deshlar until, owing to ill health, he was transferred
to the Trans-Mississippi Department, to the command of
General Holmes, and was on detached duty until the surrender.
He was paroled at Little Rock June 17, 1865, with the rank
of lieutenant.
Comrade Carl-Lee was elected a member of this Camp
April 8, 1001. His home for many years was in Prairie
County, where he was a prominent citizen and legislator.
For several years prior to his death his home was at England,
in Lonoke County.
The State never had a more faithful representative than
Comrade Carl-Lee during his - the legislature. By
his intelligent investigation of State institutions he was in-
strumental in causing many reforms to be made, thus saving
much to the State.
husband, a tender father, a good man. a useful
citizen, and a true Confederate crossed over the river to rest
under the shade when Reuben Car rted this life.
Robert Potts Weaver.
Robert P. Weaver geport, Pa. June 12,
:X4i. and died at the home of his si'Ur. Mrs E S. Reed, in
ille. Ark.. Oct. .her 26, 1915.
In early life I Weaver learned thi i of a
printer and was cm; ation in the city of
Washington hen the War between the States began,
in the early spring of 1861. He left there at once and en-
listed for twelve 1 the 1st 1 nd In-
C. S. V. and served 1 f enlistment in Vir-
ginia. A few years prior to 1861 his father's family had re-
moved to Arkansas, locating near Batcsville; and after 1
Weaver was discharged from his ice he went to
Arkansas to join the other members of the family and again
entered the ■ • . this time in the Trai
1 Department, serving undei by in vari-
ous capacities, ultimately becoming adjutant of the 46th Regi-
ment of Arkansas Mounted [nfantt by Col. W.
O. Coleman, and he was serving as such when surrendered.
Returning to Batesville, he brought back into civil life the
reputation of having been a brave, reliable, and intelligent
seildier and officer and entered the service of Burr. Reed &
1 neral merchants, remaining with them three years. In
1868 he began traveling as a salesman for a wholesale house
in Louisville. Ky., covering the State of Arkansas on horse-
back before the days of railroa r he traveled out of
St. Louis. For twelve years past he owned and managed
the Weaver Cotton Yard, in Batesville, enjoying the con-
e and cste
\t the organization of Sidney Johnston Camp. Mo. 863,
I'. C. V., at Batesville, Ark.. I Weaver \ ''
t and had been reelected every year sjnee, his
death terminating a faithful service of more than eighteen
years. His comrades all admired and loved him and will
cherish his memory as one who was faithful to duty as he
saw it.
[James P itesville. Ark.]
John M. Bradley. Commander of Camp Xo. 352. V. C. V.,
Louisville, Mis-, reports the following deaths in its member-
ship during the past year: James Hickman. Vinyard Vowell,
Capt. A. S. Kirk, and J. Murray McLeod. 35th Mississippi
Regiment; T. Anderson, 5th Mississippi Regiment.
82
Qot^f edera t<^ l/eterar>.
Capt. John C. McGrew.
m the memorial resolutions prepared by the committee
of Stonewall Camp, Xo. 1438, U. C. V., of Gainesville, Fla.,
on the death of Capt. John C. McGrew, which occurred on
the 29th of December. 1915, the following sketch is taken :
"John C. .McGrew was born on the 30th of March, 1844, at
Lauderdale. Miss., where he grew to young manhood. He en-
listed in the service of the Confederate States and was mus-
tered into Capt. H. H. Singstock's company of artillery at
Mobile. Ala., on January 13. 1S62. He was afterwards cap-
tured, but was paroled with thirty-two of his comrades. They
then reported to Gen. Stephen D. Lee, were furloughed, and
later ordered to report at Demopolis. Ala., where they were
exchanged and sent to the Western Army. Their command
was consolidated with Barrett's loth Missouri Battery, under
the command of Captain Barrett. Comrade McGrew was
paroled at Macon, Ga., on May 19, 1865. After the war he
located at Fort Fannin, Fla., and engaged in the mercantile
business. He was married to Miss Marian Antoinette Par-
ker, of Bronson, Fla.. in December, 1874. His wife and two
daughters survive him.
"Comrade McGrew served his State in many useful ways,
having held the position of tax collector of Levy County and
the postmastership at Cedar Keys. In 1897 he removed to
Gainesville, where he had since resided. He was supervisor
of registration for Alachua County until appointed to the of-
fice of county tax assessor, to which he was elected for the
next term and held it until his death.
"He was a true comrade and friend, a loving husband and
father, an able and fearless man. His services as Adjutant
of Stonewall Camp were appreciated by every member."
[Committee: E. C. F. Sanchez, L. W. Jackson, and James
Doig.]
John W. Woodward.
John W. Woodward, a prominent citizen and prosperous
farmer of Bedford County. Tenn., died suddenly on October
30, 1915. at the age of seventy-one. His home was near Shel-
byville. and he had started to town that morning in apparent
health and strength, but was taken ill on the way and died
at the home of a neighbor. His return home was in the
silence of the last long sleep.
On the 15th of October, 1861, when just seventeen years
of age, John Woodward enlisted as a Confederate soldier,
serving as a member of Company G, 23d Tennessee Regi-
ment. His service was to the end of the war, and he per-
formed faithfully the duties of a brave and gallant defender
of the Southern cause.
Mr. Woodward was twice married, his first wife being a
sister of the late S. A. Cunningham. His second wife was
a Miss Dyer, of Bedford County, who died some two years
ago. He is survived by a son of each marriage. As a mem-
ber of the Baptist Church, for forty years Mr. Woodward
had been enlisted in the army of Christ, giving the faithful
service to his Church duties that had characterized his life
in every way. His many acts of charity, the burdens he
lifted for the widow and orphan, will entitle him to the re-
ward that is promised to the good and faithful servant.
J. A. Templeton, Adjutant of J. A. Barker Camp, U. C. V.,
of Jacksonville, Tex., reports three deaths in that Camp dur-
ing 1915, as follows: T. A. Cocke, 29th Mississippi Infantry;
J. P. Goodson, Company I, 10th Texas Cavalry, dismounted;
A. X. Aery. Company H, 2d Georgia Infantry.
Addisox C. Stalnaker.
Addison Cooper Stalnaker was born April 5, 1842. His
father died when he was quite young, leaving him the oldest
of three children and the dependence of his widowed mother
in the responsibility of rearing this little family. In this he
acquitted himself in a manly way, tilling the soil and keeping
up his mother's home until the tocsin of war rang through his
native valley and aroused him to a stern realization of the fear-
ful ordeal through which his beloved country was to pass.
Early in the spring of 1863 he joined Company A (under Capt.
William Hamon Taylor), 18th Virginia Cavalry, Imboden's
Brigade, and upon a score of battle fields, such as Gettys-
burg. Williamsport, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Darksville
(where Captain Taylor fell), Xew Market, Piedmont, Lynch-
burg, and many others, he gave lasting reasons for the faith
that was in him. He was a brave soldier and beloved by all
who knew him. His home was at Elkins, W. Va., where he
died on September 29, 1914.
B. T. Ansley, Sr.
After an illness of several weeks, B. T. Ansley, Sr., died
at his home on December 29, 1915. He was born in Upson
County, Ga., in 1840. His parents had started to Texas in
1854; but upon reaching Xew Orleans they were smitten with
Asiatic cholera, his father and several other members of the
family dying from the dread disease.
Mr. Ansley was married to Miss Martha Smyer, of Smith
County, Tex., in 1869. She survives him, with seven of their
eight children — four sons and three daughters.
Mr. Ansley served the Confederacy as a member of the
17th Texas Regiment during the war and took part in a num-
ber of important engagements. He was a member of Camp
1548, U. C. V., at Plainview, and was always interested in
the welfare of his comrades. He had been a devout member
of the Methodist Church for more than forty years. His was
a long and useful life. A true pioneer in spirit, he moved
from county to county as civilization encroached upon the
boundless prairies of the West.
C. C. Bridges.
On December 14, 1915, after an illness of two weeks, Clif-
ford Cabell Bridges passed away at his home, in Ashland,
Va., at the age of seventy years. He was known and loved
for his genial, warm-hearted, and generous disposition. Mr.
Bridges was a native of Richmond, Va., but, with his family,
moved to Ashland about twenty years ago. He had served
throughout the War between the States as a member of
Otey's Battery, T4th Battalion of Virginia Artillery. After
the war he was for a number of years connected with the
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and other business organiza-
tions in Richmond. He was laid to rest in Hollywood Ceme-
tery. He was married in 1870 to Miss Lizzie Ragan Mac-
gill, daughter of Dr. Charles Macgill, surgeon C. S. A., and,
besides his devoted wife, he is survived by six children —
four daughters and two sons.
Deaths at Bernice, La.
R. J. Tabor Camp, Xo. 1780, U. C. V., of Bernice, La., lost
several members during 1915, as follows: A. C. and G. W.
Harper, of Company E, 12th Louisiana; J. E. Ferguson,
Georgia Regiment ; T. H. Rea, Alabama Regiment ; T.
M. Breed, second lieutenant. 13th Georgia Regiment. The
latter died on December 15. R. J. Tabor. Commander.
Qoofederac^ l/eterai).
83
( W'l I. 11. II VUGHTON.
Capt. Thomas H. Haughtoh.
Capt. Thomas Hill Haughton. of Charlotte, X. C. died
November 16, 1915, at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,
where he had gone for treatment, his health having been
r for two or three years. He was the oldest son of the
late John H. and Eliza Alice Hill Haughton and was born
in Pittsboro, Chatham County, N. C, July 14, 1841. He en-
tered the University of North Carolina when quite a lad and
graduated with high-
est honors before he
was twenty years of
age. His diploma
Was signed by Gov-
ernors Swain, Ellis.
Morehead, .Manly, and
Bragg and by two
judges of the North
Carolina Supreme
Court, Ruffin and
Battle. His father,
who was a very
prominent lawyer,
wanted his son to
follow his profession ;
but the War between
the States broke out,
and his brave and
patriotic spirit called
him to his country's
aid. He entered the army as a first lieutenant in the 16th
North Carolina Regiment and was afterwards made captain
in Maj. J. C. McRae's battalion, where be remained all dur-
ing the war. At one time lie was appointed by Governor
Clark as provost marshal of Raleigh, N. C, when everything
was in a very unsettled state.
To the cud of life ["homas II Haughton was true to the
principles for which he fought. The Confederacy was a
cans,- sacred to him. and its memories wen among his most
cherished recollections Vfter th< war, Ins father's large for-
tune having been swepl away, he realized that he must go
to work. He engaged in tanning for two or three years in
Chatham County, near Pittsboro, erwards going to
New York, where he secured a very good position in the
wholesale hardware bi I [e returned to Charlotte, N. C.
In the earl] seventies and engaged in tl lil insuranci
ness and afterwards in the fire insurance business. He had a
large territor; tinued in active busi-
ness up to the time of bis death. He w
in the welfare of Charlotte, his ive lib-
erally of bis time and means to almos 1 1
the city. When the cotton mill business was firs! started in
Charlotte (it may not be generallj known), the first meet-
ing was held in Ins office, over which hi I after-
wards be became a stockholder in 1 the mills. He
was happily married in Raleigh, N, C, to Miss Ella Andrews,
Bister of the late Col. A. F. Andrews, in [881, in the Church
of the Good Shepherd, by Rev. Edward R. Ritch, assisted by
Bishop Lyman. His wife and six children survive him. He
was truly a Christian gentleman and a loyal member of the
Protestant Episcopal Church. He was a man of honor, the
balance sheet of bis life being correct, his integrity above
question. Personally, be was most attractive, kindly, genial
with all ages and classes
Captain Haughton was a gentleman of the purest type.
modest, gentle, firm, and he had a warm, affectionate nature,
his devotion to his home and family being a beautiful chap-
ter in his life. A more devoted and indulgent husband and
father never lived.
James A. Carlisle.
James A. Carlisle died in Clinton, Mo., December 9, 1915.
He was a quiet, gentle, modest, and lovable man and yet one
of the bravest of soldiers. At the beginning of the War
between the States he enlisted in Stonewall Jackson's division
under Gen. Robert E. Lee and was made sergeant of Com-
pany G, ~th Virginia Cavalry. He served faithfully and
valiantly until the surrender of Lee's army, in 1865.
Mr. Carlisle was born February 14. 1827, in Baltimore.
Md„ and thus had nearly rounded out his eighty-ninth year.
It was one of the pleasures of the Clinton Chapter. U. D. C,
to remember this grand old veteran on his birthdays. He
was a great reader and especially so during his last years.
He looked forward each month for his delight, the Confeder-
ate Vfteran, and never grew weary of its pages. His wife
and one daughter preceded him to his heavenly home, and
two daughters are left, Mrs William McBridc and Miss Sallie
Carlisle, who will always cherish the memory of a kind, lov-
ing father.
Capt. H. C. K:
The Christian soldier, Capt. H. C. Klyce. passed into the
great beyond on the morning of December 15. 191 5. aged
Seventy-seven years. He was born in Maury County. Tenn..
in 1838, but removed to Mississippi in l&SS and continued to
make his home in that State. His life was that of a Christian
gentleman. For forty years be was a member of the Meth-
; d Church, and for twenty years he was super-
intendent of its Sunday scho
Captain Klyce enlisted as a private in the first company
nized in hi of 'be State, and at the close of the
war he was captain of Company I, 19th Tennessee Regiment,
Bells Brigade, Forrest's command. He was with Fori
in most of his campaigns and » rt Pillow, on the
raid into Memphis, at P.rb • Harrisburg. Sul-
phur Trestle. Athens. Johnsonville He was also with him
in Hood's campaign into Tennessee and helped to cover
Hood's retreat out of the State, then -clma and the
finish, surrendering with For' inesville, Ala.
Rev. T. W. Hooi ■■
Rev. Thomas W. Hooper. D.D., dii I at the home of his
son in Culpcper. Va .. on November 26. 1915, He was born
in Hanover County, Va.. November 2, [832. He gradual
from Ilampden-Sidncy College and also from the Union The-
ological Seminary, in Virginia, and was ordained as a min-
ister of the Presbyteriai "owing year, 1858.
He served as pastor of different Churches in his native State,
his pastorate of the Church at Christiansburg being espe-
cially notable in that he served it from 1865 to 1870 and was
called back to that Church in 1888 and continued in its serv-
ice until bis retirement, in 1006. Dr. Hooper wa~ greatly be-
loved and highly honored by all who knew him.
An injury to his right band in infancy prevented Dr. Hooper
from serving in the ranks of the Confederate army, but he
served as an army chaplain while also serving as a pastor of
Liberty Church. He was Chaplain of the U. C. V. Camp at
Christiansburg.
84
Confederate tfeteran.
SONS OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized in July, iSp6, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, iq/j-/6.
Commander in Chief, W. N\ Brandon, Little Rock, Ark.
Adjutant In Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
STAFF.
Inspector in Chief, A.J. "Wilson, Little Rock, Ark.
Quartermaster in Chief. Edwin A. Taylor, Memphis, Tenn.
Commissary in Chief. Ben Watts, Cave Spring', ! - n.
Judge Advocate in Chief, M. E. Dunnawnv, I.ittl. Ilm-k, Ark.
Surgeon in Chief, Dr. J. Garnett King, Fredericksburg, Va.
Chaplain in Chief, Rev. J. Cleveland Hall, Danville, Va.
Historian in Chief, Dr. Thomas M. Owen, Montgomery, Ala.
DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS.
Army of Northern Virginia Department, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Army of Tennessee Department, John S. Cleghorn, Summerville, Ga.
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Department, Creed Caldwell, Pine Bluff, Ark.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
W. N. Brandon, Little Rock, Ark., Chairman.
C. Seton Fleming, Jacksonville, Fla., Secretary.
P.J. Mullen, Rome. Ga.
Edgar Scurry, Wichita Falls, Tex.
F. B. Fravel, Ballston, Va.
Seymour Stewart. Si. Louis, Mo.
COMMITTEES,
Relit-/ Committee: A. D. Smith, Jr., Chairman, Favetteville, W. Va.
Monument Committee! R. B. Hailfrhton, Chairman, St. Louis, Mo.
Finance Committee : W. McDonald Lee, Chairman, Irvington, Va.
DIVISION COMMANDERS.
Alabama, Adolph D. Blocli, Mobile.
Alabama, Adolph I). Uloch, Mobile.
Arkansas, A. W. Parke, Little Rock.
California, H. P. Watkins, Eos Angeles.
Colorado, A. D. Marshall, Denver.
District of Columbia, Charles H. Keel, Washington.
Eastern, Percy C. Magnus, New York, N. V.
Florida, W. W. llarriss, Ocala.
Georgia, J. S. Palmer, Macon.
Kentucky, Logan N. Rock, Louisville.
Louisiana,J. W. Mc Williams, Monroe.
Maryland,
Mississippi, George C. Myers, Jackson.
Missouri, Colin M. Selph, St. Louis.
North Carolina, Dr. J. M. Northington, Boardman.
Oklahoma, MerrittJ. Glass, Tulsa.
Pacific, Merritt F. Gilmer, Seattle, Wash.
South Carolina, Weller Rothrock, Aiken.
Southwest, Carl Hinton, Silver City, N. Mex.
Tennessee, W. C. Chandler, Memphis.
Texas, W. R. Blain, Beaumont.
Virginia, Dr. J. C. Ring. Fredericksburg.
West Virginia, E. R. Garland, Huntington.
[This department is conducted by N. B. Forrest, Adjutant in Chief S. C. V.,
Biloxi, Miss., to whom all communications and inquiries should be addressed.]
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS SONS OF CONFED-
ERATE VETERANS, MEMPHIS, TENN.
January I, 1916.
General Orders No. 3.
1. At the annual reunion of our Confederation held at
Richmond, Va., Mrs. T. J. Latham, of Memphis, Tenn., gen-
erously offered to donate to the Sons of Confederate Vet-
erans an annual cash prize of $25, to be given to the mem-
ber or members of the organization submitting the best essay
on Confederate history. Under the authority vested in him
your Commander in Chief hereby announces the rules and
regulations that will govern this contest :
2. No paper will be considered unless the author is a mem-
ber in good standing of an active Camp of the Confedera-
tion. All papers must be accompanied by a certificate, signed
by either the Commander or Adjutant of the Camp, certifying
that the comrade is in good standing in his local Camp.
3. All papers submitted must be limited to two thousand
wards and must be forwarded to Adjutant in Chief Forrest,
at Biloxi, Miss., not later than April 15, 1916, or they will
not be considered.
4. The subject selected for the first annual essay is, "The
Causes That Led to the War between the States."
5. A cash prize of $20 will be given to the member of the
organization submitting the best essay and a second prize of
$5 to the next best. The Confederation reserves the right to
publish any or all of the papers submitted.
6. The following committee is appointed to judge the
papers, the decision to be announced at the annual reunion
at Birmingham, Ala., in 1916: Clarence J. Owens, Washing-
ton, D. C, Chairman; Lee Meriwether, St. Louis, Mo.; John
W. Dodge, Jacksonville, Fla.
All Department. Division. Brigade, and staff officers, as
well as the officers of all local Camps, are commanded to see
that this order is given due publicity among the comrades and
that same is published in their local newspapers.
By order of W. N. Brandon.
Commander in Chief.
Official : N. B. Forrest,
Adjutant in Chief and Chief of Staff.
January 3, 19 16.
General Orders Xo. 4.
1. The Confederate Veteran, our official publication, needs
five thousand new subscribers at once.
2. Your Commander in Chief, under the authority granted
him at the Richmond Reunion, announces the appointment of
the special committee, to be called the Committee of the
Confederate Veteran, whose duty it is to secure subscrip-
tions for the Veteran. This committee is composed of
Joseph Roy Price, of Washington, D. C, as chairman ; Sam-
uel L. Adams, of South Boston, Va. ; and Walter B. Mc-
Adams, of Dallas, Tex. An appeal has been sent out by this
committee to the officers and members of the Confederation,
and your Commander in Chief earnestly requests that prompt
attention be given to same and that a united and organized
effort be made by all the Camps to secure the subscriptions
of all members.
3. All who love the South, its history and traditions, should
be willing to rally to the support of the Veteran and are
urged to start the new year by sending in their subscrip-
tions. If you are not a subscriber, forward your $1 at once
to the Veteran at Nashville, Tenn. If your subscription has
expired, renew same without delay.
4. All Camp Commanders are commanded to see that com-
mittees are appointed at once to secure the subscriptions of
the members and are requested to make report of same to
Comrade Price.
5. All Camps are requested to make a monthly report of
their activities to Adjutant Forrest, so that an account of
same may be published in the Veteran. It is suggested that
pictures of interested Sons be published in the Veteran, ac-
companied by short sketches of their records and of their
fathers' services. All such photographs and sketches are to
be forwarded to Adjutant Forrest, at Biloxi, Miss.
Will you be one of five thousand Sons and send in your
subscription at once?
By order of W. N. Brandon.
Commander in Chief.
Official : N. B. Forrest,
Adjutant in Chief and Chief of Staff.
^opfeaerat^ i/ecerag.
8=
SOCIAL AFFAIRS OF WASHINGTON CAMP.
In compliment to their newly elected sponsor and maid of
honor. Misses Jane Gregory and Grace Overman, the Wash-
ington (D. C.) Camp, S. C. V., gave two very elegant enter-
tainments in the last months of [915. At their annual recep-
tion on October 19 Commander Brockman was assisted in re-
ceiving the guests by Mrs. Gregory, wife of the Attorney-
General, and Miss Jane Gregory, sponsor for the Camp. Di-
vision Commander Keel, with other officers of the
past sponsors and maids, also took part in presenting and re-
ceiving the guests. The hall was decorated in Confederate
flags and flowers in profusion. Refreshments were served,
and dancing finished the evening's program.
FAIR REPRESENTATIVES CF WASHINGTON CAMP.
Miss Jane Gregory, sponsor f^r the Camp, i* a daughter of Attorney Ciener
pi Gregory. Her picture is shown at the lower left. Miss Grace Overman
(upper right), maid of honor, is Ihe daughter <>f Senator Overman, of North
Carolina.
On the evening of November 10 one of the prettiest dances
of the season was given by this Camp at the Raleigh Hotel
for its fair representatives. The ballroom was lavishly deco-
rated with flowers. Tn the receiving line were Mrs. Overman,
wife of Senator Overman, Miss Grace Overman, maid of
honor, and others prominent in Washington society. Later in
the evening the presence of Mrs. Gregory and Miss Jane
Gregory, sponsor for the Camp, added much to the pleasure
of the occasion. This was the first of a series of three large
benefit dances planned to be given by the Camp during the
season.
SEMPER FIDELIS.
BY EMMA FRANCES LEE SMITH.
(To Col. Hilary A. Herbert on the occasion of his birthda} 1
The sword and spear that in brave hands and strong
In vengeance wrought their tale of blood and doom
And through dark days of sorrow, tears, and gloom
Flashed o'er our land red harbingers of wrong,
Stilled to dumb silence youth's most gladsome song,
Shattered to barren wastes fields once abloom
With buds and flowers that in war's deadly spume
Withered and died, as died our hopes, erelong!
These instruments of war thine eyes now see
Shaped to the usages of peaceful toil ;
The pruning hook that crops the fruitful tree.
The plow that sharply turn- il —
O may they ne'er desert their kindly arts.
Snatched by bold hands to pierce our tranquil hearts!
O well may children's children of thy land
;i for the deeds and glory of their race!
Triumphant warriors ! Their names we trace
In Fame's clear heaven, a constellation grand,
Still shining from afar a radiant band ;
• hate nor malice shall one star efface
r of their warlike grace,
Where, like the clustering Pleiades, they stand '
From their high courage and their steadfast hope
We too may learn life's battle shocks to meet;
Whilst with a host of unseen foes we cope
And all the future looks one black defeat,
So out of seeming failure, e'en as they.
We glimpse the dawning - perfect day'
Forever loved and honored be thy name.
Who, when the fires of youth bin bright,
Embraced with ardent zeal the cause of right
And through long years of battle and of shame
■ thy country's foes her strength did maim
And in their cruel triumph mocked her plight)
Hath struggled hard to end the bitter fight
And fratricidal strife and pride to tame.
Now that old flames of passion flicker low
And foes once more in brotherhood have met.
May thy uplighted eyes discern the glow
That sweetest shines when the red sun is set '
And as thy land beloved once more hath rest.
So may thy closing days with peace be blest.
And if sad memory sometimes turns her gaze
Adown the years that lie, like autumn leaves,
Bright on thy threshold, see thy spirit grieves
No more nor mourns its dear lost days!
Lost? Nay. but pluck them for thy crown of bays,
Nor bind them in a wreath of bearded sheaves,
That stalk by stalk its fragrant fruitage weaves
A beauteous whole, outstretched, a golden maze.
So when the reaper with his sickle keen
At dewy morn or in the blazing noon
Comes with swift steps thy fertile fields to glean,
Thou shalt not fear to seek thy rightful boon,
But, constant in thy small, as mighty, tasks.
Eternal rest thy faithful service asks.
86
Qoofederac^ i/eter<n>
1HE SOUTHS DEAREST MEMORY IS HER HEROES.
[This article was written by Miss Mary McArdle, a pupil
of the high school at Tuscaloosa at the time the bowlder was
dedicated.]
As we glance over the pages of history and note the proud
record of heroes who have long since passed into far greater
glory, we lift our hearts in grateful thanks for their courage,
and with all reverence we honor those whose fame still shines
upon the paths of men and whose glory passes undimmed
adown the proud record of centuries. Sacred ever are the
spots where heroes fell, and on the fields once so blood-
stained, monuments as lasting as the fame of their heroes stand
as perpetual tribute to their memory. In our own little city
of Tuscaloosa we find many such spots made sacred in the
days when war with its ruthless hand devastated the fair
Southland, leaving her torn and bleeding, to mend her broken
heart as best she might.
On the university campus, one of Tuscaloosa's most his-
toric spots, on the 13th of May, 1914, a touching tribute was
tendered by the Alabama Division, United Daughters of the
Confederacy, to the sons of the university and all those who
had fought under the Stars and Bars. The monument marks
the site of the famous old Rotunda, once the pride of the
whole South. Mrs. Bashinsky, then State President of the
Alabama Division, U. D. C, presented the memorial to Dr.
George H. Denny, President of the university. The drapings
of red and white, the Confederate colors, were then drawn
aside by the Misses Cherokee Van de Graaff and Hortense
Rodes, and in the fast-fading twilight a bowlder of Georgia
gray granite, six feet high and five feet wide and thick, bear-
ing a bronze tablet, stood revealed. In a most touching ad-
dress Dr. Denny accepted the bowlder in behalf of the uni-
versity.
Miss Cherokee Van de Graaff read the following beautiful
inscription, written by Dr. Thomas M. Owen : "The university
gave to the Confederacy seven generals, twenty-five colonels,
twenty-one majors, one hundred and twenty-five captains,
and two hundred and ninety-four private soldiers, who, recog-
nizing obedience to the State, loyally and uncomplainingly
met the call of duty and in numbers of instances sealed their
devotion by their life's blood. And in 1865 the cadets, com-
posed of noble young men, went bravely forth to repel a
veteran invading foe many times their number in a vain ef-
fort to save their Alma Mater, its building, library, and litera-
ture, from fire at the hands of the enemy. To commemorate
their true record and their memories this bowlder is erected
at the university May 13, 1914."
Following this reading, a memorial wreath was placed on
the bowlder by Miss Sara Marr McCormick with these beau-
tifully chosen words: "In behalf of the United Daughters of
the Confederacy . I place this wreath upon the bowlder in
loving memory of the Confederate sons of the university who
have crossed over the river and entered into rest eternal."
In the impressive silence following this scene the voices of
Alabama's Glee Club as they sang of their love for the Alma
Mater sank deep in the hearts of the listeners, and when the
old company roll call was given by the Hon. Sam Will John
the aged veterans responded as of yore in voices shaken with
emotion. Thirteen coeds, one for each of the Confederate
States, sang that familiar song so dear to all Southern hearts,
"The Bonny Blue Flag." The benediction given by the Rev.
Joseph John descended on the bowed heads of the assembled
throng, and the peace which passeth all understanding seemed
wafted upon them as they quietly dispersed.
In this touching hour, when memory held sway and each
figure had a special reason for the privilege of partaking in
these ceremonies, let us go back to the years between '61
and '65 and see why these participants are here. Surely we
find good reason for the presence of each.
Miss Cherokee Van de Graaff, we find, is the granddaughter
of Col. A. L. Hargrove, a noble veteran, who carried a ball
from the enemy's gun to the day of his death. Her grand-
mother was the First Vice President of the R. E. Rodes Chap-
ter, U. D. C, and ever a faithful worker in this cause.
^^^yyfl|5jy • W ^ 1 ii Mr j 1
MILITARY INSTITUTE, TUSCALOOSA. ALA.
Miss Hortense Rodes is the granddaughter of Maj. Gen. R. |
E. Rodes, who first organized that proud old company we
still have to-day, the Warrior Guards. This hero bravely
met his death while leading his men in the battle of Win-
chester.
Miss Sara Marr McCormick is a niece of young John Car-
son, who was severely wounded while defending the bridge
the night of Croxton's raid. The wounds he received on that
memorable night he carried all his life.
Those old veterans, the Hon. Sam Will John and the Rev.
Joseph John, were two of the cadet boys who tried to de- .
fend their Alma Mater the night of the raid.
The bowlder was placed on the campus largely through the
untiring efforts of Mrs. Ellen Peter Bryce, President of the
R. E. Rodes Chapter. It is a fitting culmination of the w-ork
that has long been done by her in the cause of patriotism.
Truly, it has been "the child of my old age," as she beauti-
fully expressed it. The bowlder was selected by a commit-
tee consisting of Dr. George H. Denny, Dr. Eugene A. Smith,
and Dr. Thomas M. Owen, with Mrs. Bryce as chairman.
Beautiful in many ways is this gift, for as it stands serene
and stately it tells the story of sublime heroism, not for
to-day alone, but for all times; not to the people of this land
alone, but to the people of all lands. It does not bring to
our minds the picture of the god of war crying, "To arms !
To arms !" but that of the angel of peace breathing eternal
love and benediction on her valiant heroes who lived and
fought and died for home and principle.
Not to the dead alone is this monument erected ; for though
with each succeeding year many of these faithful warriors
have passed into the valley and shadow of the dead, there are
still a few of Alabama's valiant cadet corps who were given
the privilege of viewing with tear-stained eyes this gift of
loyalty and love erected to them. And now, when the last
shadow of bitterness and regret has passed away, leaving
only tender memories of other days and times, the old war-
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
riors bow their heads and thank the Father, who in infinite
wisdom and love has spared them that their last days might
be crowned with such priceless laurels. This truly is the
golden link between their yesterday and to-day, between the
living and the dead.
A beautiful significance can be found in this symbol by the
students of to-day, fur was it not their fathers whose names
arc here perpetuated? Their fathers, the flower of the South-
land's heart and home, fought the good fight and lay down
side by side in the last long sol Hers' sleep, leaving their ex-
ample as a constant reminder to those who live in days of
peace and prospi I it
In this spirit have these faithful women, whom we all de-
light to honor and whose names shall be held in increasing
regard as the generations comi caused this splendid
monument to spring into being, and in the fullest sympatln
with the words of the poet have thi
" \ monument I" i!
And what shall j OU build it
i hi you build it of marble or brass ot
Outlasting a soldier's lo
Can you glorify it with legends
As grand as their blood has writ,
From the inmost shrine of this land of thine
To the outmost verge of it?
A monument for the soldiers —
Built of a people's love
And blazoned and (hiked and panoplied
With the hearts ye build it of.
And see that you build it stately
In pillar and niche and gate
And high in pose as the souls ol those
It would commemorate."
And so we leave it with this prayei : "May the blessed sun-
shiuc bathe it until all bloodstains are washed away, and
may God's approval rest 'upon it now and forever!''
THE NORTHM R.X CONFEDERACY.
ISY TAYLOR THOMP 0 riN, TEX.
It is well known thai prior to and during the War bi
the States there were a great main people in the St.
Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Missouri, and even in Pennsylvania,
whose sympathies were with the Smith and who bitterly op-
posed tlic war waged bj the North, or hy the United States
government, to coerce the seceding Southern Stairs These
people were generally designated as "Copperheads"; hut it is
not generally known that, so great was in the
States named to the policy of the United States government,
at one time a conspiracy existed to form another government
to be compos, .I of the States of Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, and
Missouri, with possibly Iowa added, which was to have been
called the Northwestern Confedi . It was intended that
this Confederacy should enter into an alliance with the South-
ern Confederacy and make common cause against the Northern
and Eastern States. There arc men still living who knew of
the existence of this conspiracy, and from one of them I have
the information given herewith.
The principal leaders of this movement lived in Ohio
Indiana. Congressman Vallandingham, of Ohio, will be re-
membered as having made himself so obnoxiot
in power that at one time he was compelled to leave his home
and go South. There lived in Indiana, about seventeen miles
from Indianapolis, a Col. E. E. Bowles, who during thi
with Mexico commanded a regiment from Indiana, and at the
battle of Buena Vista this regiment became dcmorali7<d and
would have been annihilated but for the Mississippi Rifles,
commanded by JefT Davis. After that incident Col-
and Colonel Davis became warm friends and remained
long as they lived. Colonel Bowles owned a health resort
known as French Lick, where he had a large hotel, and i
a man of wealth and consequence. Next to Vallandingham,
Colonel Bowles was the foremost figure in the conspiracy. In
addition to the two gentlemen named, there was a Mr
a Mr. Urapl id a Mr Greathouse, wl ived in
Indiana, and Charles Walsh, a wealthy Irish contractor, who
I in Giicago.
I he Copperhei rganized
cret society known as the "Sons of Liberty." the members of
that society being organized into companies, regiments, and
brigades: and Colonel Bowles had under his command live
ind men. while in other parts of Indiana the-
haps double that number of men enrolled who were under the
command of Ml Id. I'mphreys. and Greathouse. It
is even known that a certain man who held a position in one
of the departments at Washington had gone into the mining
districts of Pennsylvania and enrolled about two thousand
■\ ho had become members of the Sons of Liberty.
John Morgan, the clashing Confederate leader of Ken-
tucky, was well acquainted with the facts concerning the great
conspiracy, and ; ptain Hines. a warm friend and one
of his most tru d Indianapolis and Chicago to
i and advise with the leaders of the movement. Bi sides
Captain Him-. General Morgan sent a number of his
trusted officers into the ■ tintry with orders to re-
i Captain Hines and ■ mselves subject to his or-
der. One of these officers was Captain Freeman, the friend
and comrade who gave me this inform. is a Ken-
tion and
gallant a soldier as ever to battle. There «
that time between thirty and thirty-five thousand
derate pri- in the prisons at Camp Chase,
Camp Douglas, Camp Morton, and Johnson's Island, the lat-
ter prison being in which all commissioned officers
among the Confederate prisoners wet \ plan was
formed to make a concerted attack on these varii
e the Confederate soldiers therein confined, arm
and they were to form the nucleus of an army to which were
added all the members f Liberty in the
different States It was estimated that the army thus t
would numh<r one hundred thousand men. Captain Hines
had i on suit i d with the vai formu-
Eor a simultaneous . when-
leaders were ready. Captain Freeman found
n Hines in Indianapolis and was sent by him I
i.irters of Colonel B I lie formula for the manu-
facture of Greek tire had been - to be used
when the attack on the prisons was made. Colonel I
was ready to move at a moment's notice with five tho
men and two pieces of artillery. Dodd and I'mphreys were
supposed to have nearly an ee|ual number of men each, and
Walsh, who was said to control nearly all the Irishmen in
o. had a large number of new rifles and an immense
amount of ammunition secretly stored in that city. The
88
Qorjfederat^ l/eterai).
Presidential convention met in Chicago in 1864, and it was
believed, or at least hoped, by many that Gen. < i. B. McClel-
lan would be the nominee of that convention for President.
After much consultation it was decided to make the attack
on the prisons on the night following the announcement of
McClellan's nomination.
In the meantime the United States government had gotten
wind of the affair, detectives and spies had been active, si \ -
eral arrests had been made, and it was finally decided to post-
pone the attack until the night of the Presidential election in
November, 1864. During all this time Captain Hines, Captain
Freeman, and the other officers of Morgan's command had
been very active in going back and forth between Chicago and
Indianapolis and various other points, arranging plans for the
great blow which was to be struck in November. Captain
Hines and Captain Freeman spent two weeks in the city of
Chicago, where they were concealed in the house of a Mrs.
Morris.
Finally the time appointed, for which Morgan's officers had
wailed so impatiently, arrived; but another postponement was
insisted upon by Messrs. Dood and Umphreys, much against
the wish of Colonel Bowles. After this had been done, Cap-
tain Freeman asked Captain Hines to order him back to the
army in the South, as he had despaired of ever accomplishing
anything and wanted to get back into active service. Captain
Hines complied with his request, and he returned to his com-
mand in the South.
A little later traitors in the ranks of the Sons of Liberty
divulged the whole plot, and Colonel Bowles, Messrs. Dodd
and Umphreys, and Mr. Walsh in Chicago were arrested,
tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. Captain Hines and
the rest of Morgan's officers, or most of them, succeeded in
escaping to the South. I might mention that Captain Hines
was one of those who escaped from the Ohio penitentiary at
Columbus with General Morgan, and he (Hines) was to have
commanded the army that was to be formed after the Con-
federate prisoners had been released from the various prisons.
Mr. Dodd succeeded in making his escape from prison and
fled to Canada. In the meantime President Lincoln had been
assassinated, and Andrew Johnson became President. The
day before the other leaders, Colonel Bowles, Umphreys, and
Walsh, were to be executed they were reprieved by President
Johnson, and six months later, after the war had closed, they
were all paroled by the President. Many other prisoners had
been arrested as parties to the conspiracy, but they were all
released after the war, and it appears to have been the policy
of the government to give the affair as little publicity as pos-
sible.
STAMPEDING THE BLOODY EAST TENNESSEE
CAVALRY.
BV T. It. STRINCFIELD. BOISE, 0KLA.
One morning during the last eighteen months of the War
between the States I was on my way to school (I taught the
primary classes as assistant to the young lady teacher, to
whom I also recited) when I met a Confederate scouting
party of about fifty men commanded by Capt. John Ball. I
had known him when he was a pupil of the Strawberry Plains
College, East Tennessee, and recognized him at once, though
I had not seen him for nearly four years. I called out to
him: "Hello. John. Where are you going? Better look out,
or the Yanks will nab you. Lots of 'em over on the
New Market road." He replied: "Hello. Tommie. What are
you doing in this valley?" I told him that I lived with the
Harper family, that I didn't go to Virginia with the rest of the
family, and asked him where he was going. Captain Ball then
told me that they were going over to the New Market road to
ambush the bloody 13th East Tennessee Cavalry, which was
on its way to Knoxville, and he suggested that if I wanted to
see some fun to go over to Hodge's Ridge, find a good place
where the road leading west to the plains could be seen, and
in about an hour I'd see something lively. He cautioned me
not to say anything about it, as everybody they had met
thought they were Yankees. I told him 1 wanted my two
chums to go with me and got his permission.
Captain Ball and his scouts then passed on over the ridge
to the road leading west toward Knoxville, while I passed on
to a crossroad not far from the schoolhouse, where I sat
down on a large rock to wait for Johnnie and Florence Braz-
zleton, nephew and niece of Col. William Brazzleton, and my
chums. I told them what was going to happen. They wanted
to see the fun too. so we hurried up ; and about twenty min-
utes after we had found a place affording a splendid view of
the road for two miles east and west we heard the report of a
gun; then a volley was fired. After that there was silence
for a few moments, then all at once the usual Rebel Veil. Then
we knew that the fun had begun. The Confederate scouts
had waited until the main body of the troops passed their
hiding place, and then with a whoop, yell, shot, and scramble
they stampeded the pack mules bringing up the rear with the
troopers' camp outfit. The rattling of pots, kettles, pans, etc.,
sounded even to us watchers as though there were ten times
the number of troops and pack mules.
We had not long to wait until that gallant, bloody 13th East
Tennessee Regiment strung out on the road below us. From
our position we could see the scouts run in, cut out, and cut
loose packs from some of the mules, which we learned after-
wards were the officers' packs. Johnnie and I each had a
gun, and we fired once on the fleeing Yankees ; but as our
guns were loaded only with slugs beaten out of musket balls
(the only shot obtainable by us boys), we did no harm. There
was plenty of fun in it for us, though, for nearly everybody
hated beyond measure that regiment of Yankee soldiers. We
had always counted them cowards, made up of the worst
bushwhacking elements, and of course the easy stampede of
a thousand men by only fifty Confederate scouts proved be-
yond a doubt that we were correct in our estimate of their
bravery. Boylike, we did not stop to think that perhaps their
mounts were badly frightened by the helter-skelter noise and
hullabaloo coming on so suddenly in the rear. Anyway, the
flying Yankees did not stop until they reached the river and
were under the protection of the fort at Strawberry Plains.
After the fleeing Yankees had passed out of sight, Captain
Ball, with ten or fifteen men, came down the road and stopped
just opposite us. We asked him how many there were killed
and wounded. We had expected from the noise and con-
fusion to hear of at least one hundred casualties, but he re-
plied, laughing : "None, not even a wounded man ; but we got
what we were after — officers' baggage." Captain Ball and his
Confederate scouts turned east and, as if almost by magic,
disappeared.
The next day at school we heard all about the stampede,
more minutely described than we could have done it, and in
these descriptions there were from fifty to one hundred killed
and wounded. We, of course, kept mum. In fact, it would
not have been safe for us to admit a knowledge of the stam-
pede.
Qopfedcrat^ l/eterar).
89
The next Saturday several of us boys made a trip from
Rocky Valley to Strawberry Plains and there learned that
the "Bloody 13th" had one of the most desperate encounters
of the war. holding the road against overwhelming numbers
of Rebels led by General Wheeler. Of course Johnnie Braz-
zleton and 1 knew differently, but did ii"t dare to say so.
However, when we knew it to be perfectly safe, we told our
friends all about the stampede and put them on to asking
through other troopers what was done with the dead and
wounded. Then it gradually leaked out just what did hap-
pen. And this is how the bloody East I ennessee Yankee
cavalry was stampeded.
CONFEDERATE MOTHERS— A CENTENARIAN.
This picture of "our dear old Confederate mother" was
sent by a friend at Omaha, Ga., who is proud to claim for
that State and community the very oldest living mother of a
Confederate soldier. On January 4 Mrs. Louise Mesner
Singer celebrated her one hundredth birthday, which was
made a happj 1 »< 1 asi< m bj thi g 1 « ishes and
tions of friends and
the receipt of
messages from far
and near, with gifts
of flowers and other
remembrances. I he
day was closed with
an auto ride and a
"picture-taking" with
her loved ones about
her.
Mrs. Singer was
born in Germany, bul
came to this coun-
try as a child and
grew to young wom-
anhood in Baltimoi 1 .
Md. She was mar-
ried in 1838 and is
the mother of eleven children. She has one son left who was
a Confederate soldier. John Singer was a member of Com-
pany E, 31SI Georgia Regiment, who., colonel was
Clement A. Evans until his promotion to brigadiei general,
Mrs. Singer has always been an active and busy woman,
fond of doing beautiful needlework until her fingers si
to lose their cunning during tin pas) year; but she is blessed
with good sight and enjoys reading. She is still alert and
Interested in what affects the welfare of the family and com-
munity.
Mr-. Man Barrow, of Rogillioville, West Feliciana Parish.
La., who was the wifi Robert Barrow, commanding
the nth Louisiana Volunteers, is one of the active Confed-
erate mothers, though she passed her ninetieth milestoni
July. She was born in Halifax County. X. C. went to Louisi-
ana as a child, and there grew up. married, and reared her
family of nine children. Her son. Charles M. Barrow, of
Rogillio\ ille. served in a regiment of Louisiana cavalry.
Mrs. Barrow spends her winters in New Orleans, keeps in-
terested in current events, and enjoys the memories of her
long life and its varied > xperiences.
MRS. LOUIS1 M. SINGER.
Mrs. Mariah M. Pitts, living near Water Valley, Miss., is
another Confederate mother who celebrated her ninetieth
birthday on October 13, 1915. She is the mother of J. M.
Pitts, of Redlands, Cal., who served as a private in Company
I, 1st Regiment of Mississippi Cavalry. Armstrong's Brigade.
Mrs. Amanda Bl d ninety-two on September 10. 1915.
living at Cornie. Union County, \rk., the oldest white person
in the county, is the mot],, 1 l rles G. Britt, aged seventy
years, of Cornie. Ark., who served in the (' army
from Arkansas, and 'I homas Britt, deceased.
The mother of Capt. Frank Anderson, of Nashville, Tenn.,
is still living at the age of ninety-three years. Captain Ander-
son is in command of droop A. a noted Confederate veteran
cavalry company of Nashville.
Mrs. E. S. Daniel, who lives near Bogart, Ga., and is now
in her eighties, had sons in the Confederate army: also Mrs.
Berry Gordon, living near Comanche, Ga.. who was born in
1824.
//". W. CASTS ARTICLE COMMENDED.
BY T. S. COLLINS, COFFEFVII.il. Vi-
lli this I simply desire to commend you for giving pub-
licity to the letter of W \Y. Gist, of Cedar Falls, la., touch-
ing Hood's campaign to Nashville. Tenn., in the last months
of 1864. Veteran ' i deral soldier, and in his
statement relate Is advance from Columbia to Nash-
ville he brings out his failure to accomplish at Spring Hill
that which would have made his name in history famous and
which lay so easily in his grasp, yet at Franklin's disastrous
killed the chivalrous spirit of as brave and patriotic
-oldicr as ever fought for libi I
Although half a century has passed since they occurred.
the incidents of that advance are as fresh in my mind as if
they had recently taken place. The 29th of November was
my birthday, and, riding out of Columbia at daylight that
morning as aid-de-camp to that martyr. Brig. Gen. John
Adams, understanding Hood's design of circumventing
cral Schofield and capturing hi 11 during the day as
we pressed forward, much of the time at a double-quick
pace through fields and byways and without hindrance or in-
terference, we looked forward with great hop* reach-
ing the goal of nur expect
thus inspired. 1
Our dr Corps. 1 ,
ike near Spring Hill in ample time to hav<
t battle across the pike to cheek Schofield's retreat.
But just at this juncture, all being halt'
iry firing of musketry ; rd Spring
Hill, there arose quite a ripp1'
and fro aimlessly, giving irmation to brigadier
commanders :>cad of their j: <ps, which made
conditions .ill the more excit'i There we
.,t rest for thirty or forty minutes, until, being i:
the boys began to stir about CO! to keep up
blood circulation, eager i" 1 or anywhere.
About twilight the ord. t came for our b to fall back
several hundred m the pike and go 1
the night. Thus relief came to the situation, I remember well.
We moved out and up a little dry cob', nook. and.
being tired and worn down from the day's forced march, we
ion wrapped in slumber, while the enemy passed by
po
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
and escaped the wise, successful, and strategic move of the
well-known fighting general, John B. Hood. Failing to ob-
serve the tide of opportunity at the critical moment, every-
thing was lost of a well-planned movement, and thus it was
that fortune smiled upon the much-frightened Schofield and
his army. Whose fault? Why, it seems clear to my mind
that the statement of W. W. Gist, of Company D, 26th Ohio
Regiment, in the Veteran for January, 1916, gives a correct
solution without any invidious feeling for either army.
Let every old soldier on both sides read it carefully, make
an honest deduction of all that transpired on the 29th and
30th of November, 1864, and decide for himself in the same
spirit. Mr. Gist has endeavored to get history correct. From
the way he presents conditions it appears that the Federal
generals were equally as culpable as some of our own in the
mysteries which have never been explained.
proval of the Secretary of War and shall be available from
the taking effect of this act.
Sec. 5. That the home hereby created and the managers
thereof shall be independent of the managers of the National
Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers of the United States,
but in all other respects shall be subject to the laws and regu-
lations that govern the National Home for Disabled Volun-
teer Soldiers of the United States.
Sec. 6. That the title to all property that may be acquired
under this act shall be vested in the United States.
Sec. 7. That the sum of $50,000, or as much thereof as may
be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of
any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated to meet
the preliminary expenses necessary to carry out the above
enactments and shall be available from the taking effect of
this act.
FOR THE BENEFIT OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS.
In the Senate of the United States on December 7, 1915.
Mr. Works introduced the following bill, which was read
twice and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs :
A Bill to Provide Homes for Confederate Veterans of
the Civil War.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled.
That the managers of the National Home for Disabled Vol-
unteer Soldiers of the United States shall, as early as pos-
sible, select and designate one of such homes to be used as
hereinafter provided and shall distribute the inmates now at
such home among other branches of the national home, and
such home shall be turned over by or before July 1, 1916,
to a board of five managers, to be chosen by Congress, to be
used as a home for disabled ex-Confederate soldiers, their
wives and widows; and that the sum of $400,000, or as much
thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, ap-
propriated out of any money in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated for this purpose.
Sec. 2. That a branch home be established at Washington,
District of Columbia, for disabled ex-Confederate soldiers,
their wives and widows, residing in the District of Columbia
and for the same class of persons living in States where there
are no Confederate homes ; and that the sum of $50,000, or as
much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby,
appropriated out of any money in the treasury, not otherwise
appropriated for this purpose and shall be available from the
taking effect of this act.
Sec. 3. That the' sum of $270,000, or as much thereof as
may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated
out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated
to aid the Confederate homes of the South, extending the
same aid per capita as is now extended to the State and ter-
ritorial homes of the North.
Sec. 4. That the managers chosen under this act shall pro-
ceed as soon as possible to frame such laws and regulations
for the government of said homes and shall appoint such of-
ficials and employ such persons as they may deem necessary
at a reasonable compensation, in the aggregate not to exceed
$30,000 per annum, all of which shall be subject to the ap-
STATE MONUMENTS. MARKERS. TABLETS. AND .
BATTERIES.
The following table shows the number of memorial monu-
ments and markers of marble, granite, and bronze erected in
the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park.
Guns mounted on carriages in battery in Chickamauga Park :
Forty-four Union batteries 109
Twenty Confederate batteries 96
In Chattanooga. Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and
Orchard Knob :
Ten Union batteries 20
Ten Confederate batteries 20
Bronze historical tablets. Chattanooga 61
Army and corps headquarters shell monuments 14
Memorial shell monuments, brigade commanders killed :
Five Union, four Confederate '. 9
Historical tablets 638
Distance and locality tablets 360
* Chzckamai -. \
Park.
Mnnu- Mark
merits, ers.
Chattanooga
and Vicinity.
Monti* Mark-
inrnh. ers.
Alabama I
Connecticut
Florida 1
Georgia 1
Illinois 37
Indiana 39
Iowa
Kansas 1
Kentucky 1
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan 10
Minnesota 4
Missouri 1
New Jersey
New York
Ohio 55
Pennsylvania 7
South Carolina I
Tennessee 4
Wisconsin 9
55
33
75
2
23
Total
.172
53
10
47
5
319
18
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
7
II
9
1
60
19
14
70
(^opfederat^ l/eterai}.
91
Granite monuments to United States regular troops o
Shell monuments to United States regular troops 23
Iron observation towers, 70 feet high to observatory 5
Wilder's monument observation tower, 85 feet high I
Mile- "i boulevards and avenues completed 105
Number of acres in park 6,965
Monuments were erected to batteries commanded by Lan-
drum and by Carnes.
The Carnes monument was erected by the Ladies' Memorial
Association, Montgomery, Ala., and dedicated during the Con-
federate Reunion in May, 1913, as was also the Florida
monument.
The Dead at Chattanooga.
In round numbers the total casualties in the battles around
Chattanooga were 47,000. These casualties include the bat-
hies of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, and Chickamauga.
Of the total casualties, a little more than 33.000 belong to
the bloody field of Chickamauga. Historians figure that the
battle of Chickamauga has to its credit the highest per cent
of casualties in the great battles of Chickamauga — greater than
Waterloo, which holds the title in European battles. The
iname "River of Death" is certanly not inapplicable to Chicka-
' 1 Creek, the liiilc stream along which the battle raged.
JEFFERSON DAVIS HOME ASSOCIATh
Contributions Received Sinci December i, 1915.
B. B. Paddock. Fort Worth, Tex $ 5 00
C. B. Vance, Batcsville, Miss 5 00
Charles E. Claggett, Louisville. Ky to 00
Mrs. F. C. Fox, Amarillo, Tex 2 50
Mrs. 11. Y. Rugeley, Bay City, \ < < 2 00
Mrs. Minnie L. Rosentrec, Treasurer U. D. C, Quit-
man, Ga 5 00
Legh R. Watts, Portsmouth, Va 5 00
J. W. Myers, Memphis, Tenn 5 20
James P. Coffin, Batesville, Ark 500
Mrs. James B. Hewitt, St. Paul, Minn I 00
Mrs. L Palmer, Corresponding Secretary Cleburne
Guard Chapter, U. D. C, Homer, La 1 00
H. C. Rodes, Louisville, Ky 5 00
W. B. Mallory, Memphis. Tenn 5 00
G W. B. Hale, Rocky Mount, Va n 00
Mrs. T. M Jones, Treasurer Maury Chapter, U. D. C,
Columbia. Tenn 5 00
Miss Minnie Harris. Treasurer Lansar Chapter, U. D.
C, Paris. Tex 5 00
Mrs. F. M. Cunegus. Treasurer U. D. C, Shawnee,
Okla 1 00
Mrs. W. Henry Hensley, Treasurer T. LT. Mane Chap-
ter, U. D. G, Hearne, Tex 1 00
Lewis R. Atwood, Louisville. Ky 10 00
E. S. Rugeley Camp, No. 1428. U. G V, Bay City, Tex. 5 00
M. D. Herring, Byhalia, Miss I 00
Mrs. John E. Wood, Scarsdale, N. Y 1 50
Mrs. A. N. Martin, Treasurer Lebanon (Tenn.) Chap-
ter, U. D. C 1500
Mrs. Florida Norwood, Treasurer U. D. G, Navasota,
Tex 2 00
V. Y. Cook, Batesville, Ark 25 00
J. B. Levert, New Orleans, La 10 00
W. A. Clark, Columbia, S. C 5 00
A. W. Macklin, Frankfort, Ky 1000
Henry Moore. Texarkana, Tex $ 5 00
J. W. Burke, Atlanta, Ga 5 00
K. V. Sneed, Sulphur, Okla 5 00
W. H. Scanland, Shreveport, La 10 00
George Smartt, Chattanooga, Tenn 5 00
Mrs. T. C. Munn, Treasurer L. S. Ross Chapter. I
G, Bryan, Tex 5 00
T. C. Jasper, Piano, Tex 5 00
John G Griffiss, Chattanooga, Tenn 5 00
1 . YV. Cunningham, Joplin, Mo 5 00
W. S. Davidson, Beaumont, Tex 10 00
J. Q. Dickinson, Charleston, W. Va 10 00
Dr. S. E. Lewis, Washington. D. C 10 00
George G. Crawford. New York. X. Y 1000
B. F. Ellis, Orville, Ala 5 00
E. J. Fry, Marshall. Tex 5 00
THE SPIRIT OF TRUE SOLDIERS.
BY H. T. STRAWN, ALBION, Ill-
More than half a century has passed since the close of the
War between thi the people of this great nation
have learned that the bit tor struggle fought between the brave
men of the North and South only tended to cement the ties
of our great republic. There was no bitterness or animosity
between the men who fought so bravely, and only the stay-at-
homes and fire eaters have tried to stir up sectional feeling.
As an illustration of the good fellowship between the John-
nies and Yanks. T wish to record an incident. I was a mem-
ber of the 85th Pennsylvania Infantry, and for some time
during the summer of 1864 the picket pits of the two lines
were not over a hundred feet apart. A North Carolina regi-
ment (I believe it was the 13th) and my regiment were fac-
ing each other on the line. Our videttes sat side by side on a
log about halfway between the pits. We talked the matter
over and could have settled the war in thirty minutes had it
been left to us.
r the war I drifted into the Northwest, and in 1868 I
was returning to my native State when I was unfortunate
enough to have my pocket picked. On the seat next to me
was a young man whom I soon found to be an ex-Confederate
on his way home to North Carolina. I told him my hard-
luck story, and he tendered me half the money he had, but on
putting it in my pocket 1 found fractional currency enough to
pay my way to a station where I had a friend ; so I returned
the Confederate's money to him with thanks. I lost his ad-
dress, but hope I may be able to hear of or from him at this
late day.
Go on with your good work and teach the rising generation
that the men who engaged in the great conflict were moved
by motives of patriotism as it was given them to see the
right, and as a result of the sufferings and privations of these
brave men we have left to posterity a Union indivisible.
TO GEORGIA SOLDIERS AND THEIR DE-
SCENDANTS.
We are organizing a Confederate museum at Atlanta and
wish to hear from any of the above who care to participate
in this work. We will purchase Confederate relics, espe-
cially pictures, uniforms, arms, etc.
Address Dr. George Brown, President of the Georgia
Museum and Memorial Association, Atlanta, Ga.
92
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
LONG-XEGLECTED GRAVES.
When in the midst of mighty conflicts, when men go down
like chaff before the wind beneath the volley of contending
armies, when regiments and "thousands bleed to lift one hero
into fame," we are disposed to lose sight of battles of minor
magnitude, although the results of the lesser engagements
may be infinitely more far-reaching and important.
Such seems to be the case in the battle of Harrisburg,
near Tupelo, Miss. Generals Foust and Stephen D. Lee led
the boys of the South in that battle, on the 14th of July, 1864.
The charge was made, the onslaught was terrible, and our
men went down to death by the hundreds. Yes, we won the
victory, but at a cost of the lives of many a father, brother,
son, and sweetheart.
It seems to me when I write about this that I can hear the
clatter of small arms and the boom of cannon as I did on
that day. The din of battle and scenes of war were indeli-
bly written on the walls of memory that day and the next day
and night, for the Federals retreated eighteen miles north to
where I lived, in the little town of Ellistown, and camped a
day and a night. And the graves that were made after the
battle on the hill at Harrisburg are not marked, save by an
old oak tree with a hole through it that was made by a can-
non ball that day, and it is fast decaying. The Tupelo Chap-
ter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy have started
a fund to put a monument on the ground in memory of the
brave heroes who were in that battle. We have it fenced in
and thought we would send this letter to the Veteran ; and if
any of those who read it wish to help, it will be gladly re-
ceived.
I think we ought to mark the graves of the men who were
in the small battles as well as the larger ones. We want to
erect this monument this year if possible. Any donations may
be sent to Mrs. Carrie Yates, Chairman Harrisburg Battle
Field Committee. 634 Main Street, Tupelo, Miss.
WAR HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
The special committee of the North Carolina Division, U.
C. V., has perfected plans to raise funds for having an authen-
tic history of North Carolina's part in the War between the
States written. The committee is planning to raise from
$25,000 to $30,000, the fund already being practically assured.
The committee consists of R. H. Hicks, Rocky Mount; A.
H. Boyden, Salisbury ; James I. Metts, Wilmington ; W. L.
London, Pittsboro ; and Col. J. Bryan Grimes, Secretary of
State.
The State Historical Commission was empowered to con-
tract with President D. H. Hill, of the Agricultural and Me-
chanical College, for this work. He will accept, and this will
necessitate his retirement from the presidency of the college.
— Ri chin ond Tiiiics-Dispatch.
OFFICERS OF THE MISSOURI DIVISION.
At the meeting in Springfield, Mo., in September. 1915, the
following officers were elected by the Missouri Division, U.
C. V.:
Commander, Thomas C. Love, Springfield.
Commander Western Brigade, W. P. Bronough, Clinton.
Commander Eastern Brigade, L. S. Flateau, St. Louis.
Under the rules of this Division, officers are changed yearly.
War's Fascination. — General Lee at Fredericksburg is
credited with the remark as he saw the Federal regiments
break themselves against his lines: "It is well war is so terri-
ble, or we would grow too fond of it." This reminds me of a
conversation I had in 1899 with the Rev. Dr. Lafferty, editor
of a Richmond Methodist paper. The Doctor had been on the
staff of Gen. A. P. Hill and was present at the battle of Get-
tysburg and witnessed Pickett's charge on the third day. He
said General Lee sat in front of a tent fly on a camp chair,
with General Hill standing by him, watching the charge.
General Lee was outwardly calm, twirling his spectacles in his
hand. But the Doctor said the light of battle was in his eyes,
and it was plain that he longed to be with the charging col-
I'tnn. "He loved to fight," said the Doctor. When the charg-
ing column was repulsed and streamed back from the enemy's
works, General Hill rushed to the rear of the little tent and,
putting his hands over his face, burst into tears. But General
Lee was perfectly calm. With steady nerve and quiet voice
he ordered his horse and rode forward to meet the retreating
divisions and spoke words of praise and encouragement.
J. H. McNeilly.
Seeks His Sword. — Capt. W. R. Adams, of Lamed, Kans.,
is very anxious to find the sword which he lost when cap-
tured at Chickamauga and sent to Libby Prison. He writes :
"I was a captain in the 89th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry and, with the 22d Michigan as Le Favour's Brigade,
was thrown in upon the right wing of General Thomas's corps
about noon September 20, 1863. We fought until after dark,
when we were completely surrounded, captured, and sent to
Libby Prison. On the next morning our swords were de-
livered to an officer whose name, rank, and regiment I took
with an agreement that I could redeem my sword. In my
escape from Libby via the tunnel I lost the paper and have
forgotten the contents, but it is my impression that the of-
ficer was a lieutenant in the 54th Georgia or the 54th Vir-
ginia. My sword was a present from my friends of Chillo-
cothe, Ohio, and there was inscribed on the upper part of the
scabbard the following, as nearly as I can remember : 'Pre-
sented to Wesley R. Adams, Captain of Company K, 89th O.
V. I., by his friends.' Whoever can help me secure my sword
will be held in grateful remembrance."
Buried among Strangers. — Scott D. Davis writes from
Lewisburg, Tenn., of two soldiers who were wounded in
the battle of Farmington, October 7, 1863, and are buried in
Marshall County, Tenn. Jim Kesterson, who lived at May-
field. Ky.. died at the home of Needham Wiggs and was buried
at Berthbirei. Jesse Harrison, shot in the leg, died at Mr.
John Ray's home, near Lewisburg, and is buried at the Tal-
ley graveyard, on the Mooresville Pike. This information is
given for the benefit of friends or relatives who may never
have known their fate. He also wants to know of the
place in Kentucky where an engagement took place between a
squad of Confederate bushwhackers, under command of
Champ Ferguson, and a regiment of Federals. It occurred in
September, 1862, at some place in Kentucky after crossing the
river between Lebanon and Sparta, Tenn. The Confederates
were on the mountain, the Federals below at the foot of the
mountain. The Confederates hurled down immense stones,
rlestroving men, horses, and wagons.
Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
93
THE BEAUREGARD MONUMENT.
The handsome picture of the Beauregard monument in New
Orleans which appeared in the Veteran for January, page
6, was used by courtesy of F. II. Maybury, photographic ex-
pert of that city (2627 Ursuline Avenue). The photograph
showed to good advantage the location of the monument, with
its handsome surroundings of trees and shrubs, but all this
could not be shown in the engraving without reducing the
picture of the monument. Copies of the photograph may b
procured from the photographer.
OLD FIDDLERS' COM PS I DURING REUXIOX.
Dr. L. 11. Hill. wl).> was surgeon "f the 53d Xorth Carolina
Regiment, writer from Germantown, linn.:
"I wish to invite all old veterans who play the fiddle to
join me in an old-time fiddlers* convention during the Re-
union in Birmingham. May 16-18; so don't fail to come pre-
pared to contest for the championship of old-time fiddlers.
I Come prepared to do your best, and then if you don't mind
I these old 1 arheels will show yon how they play and put 'the
I tar on you '
"I will say, lastly, that when allowed to play I have won
the In si pn/i I lid is or their children can contest. Those
wishing to join in this contest may address me as above."
THE VETERAN'S TRAVELING AGENT.
For many years thi representativi of the Yvteran.
Miss F. E. Bligh, has been making annual trips over the
Southern States, winning for the publica-
tion. Many look forward to her yearly visit and hold their
subscript 11 111 payments until she comes. The Veteran appre-
ciates their loyalty and asks for her a continuance of their
favors. The work is hard, and there is loss in the long dis-
tances to be covered and when patrons are not ready to pay ;
so every one can forward her work by being ready for her
\1s1i and by doing all possible to interest others. All of which
is to the benefit of the Veteran as well. Miss Bligh is now
in Texas, the Stair of big things, and it is her ambition to
help make this the biggest year for the Veteran. Friends,
will you do your part too?
Bulloch County Chapter, U. D. C. Statesboro, Ga., is try-
ing to secure a pension for Mrs. J. A. Hale, widow of Capt.
W. F. L. Hale, who during 1863 was stationed at Charleston.
S. C, as aid-de-camp to General Beauregard in the Confed-
erate army. Captain Hale had come to General Beauregard
in a badly wounded condition, unfit for service in the field.
He established a lookout from the steeple of St. Michael's
Church, and just before the attacks on Battery Wagner, on
Morros Island, he translated a flag signal dispatch from
General Gilmore, U. S. A., to Admiral Dahlgreen. United
States naval commander, reading : "Cease firing at six o'clock,
when I make the assault.'" Any one who knew Captain Hale
as a Confederate soldier and is interested in securing a pen-
sion for his aged wife will please write to the Chapter men-
tioned above.
TO HEIRS OF NAVAL OFFICERS WHO SERIED IN
THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
:he undersigned, you will hear of some-
thing which may be to your pecuniary advantage.
M. DeLeon.
1229 Fifteenth N. W., Washington, D. C.
Whai \\ mmunication from I
Sorrell, assistant adjutant general to Gen. H. L. Bcnning,
dated April Suffolk, Va.. reads as follows: "The
commanding general directs thai I'uffalo
w and all other undoubted buffaloes or their aids and
abettors to be a d sent back for further disposal."
I should be glad if any veteran can enlighten me on the sub-
ject, n C. Stii.es. Brunswick, Ga.
"f the most active friends in behalf of the Veteran
is Comrade William L. Cameron, of Galveston, Tex., whose
new suli nring the
past year. This was accomplished without any special can-
mbership of Camp Ma-
grudcr through publicat officer? and mem-
bers. This is splendid publicity for a Camp, as it brings out
the names of many who served in other State troops, and
<\vn their
whereabouts for manv vears.
NEALE'S
Confederate Books
Pllppnpr- 1-
■
■
■
■
in a r< in the
BIrmtnghan
■
■
quently being added.
Keale hou nearly
onp hundred
era. The N
■
and drama. In-
deed, tl any brani
! '>mas
■
publisher whose publications Infr whosa
num-
of."
Send at once for our cats id bulletins, free, and
. postpaid on ap]
NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
440 Fourth Avenue, New York
I
94
Qopf edera t^ l/eteran.
Bronze
Vlemcrial Tablets
« f h*. Highest Standard
• i e. penehce of 27 years
. >iir «uar;intee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
Illustrated booklet sent on request.
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Or invisible Empire
"K. K.
K. Banner"
Just Oat WW?*
— Most W|
■V leading
a^W educators,
Fatcinat- HC
ing Book ^
oE the Day. WB£
Profusely il- wj
mm historians,
m theU.D.c.
W andS.C.V.,
Yj9 who will co-
lust rat ed . wj
WW operate in
Letters from Wj
TJM placing the
charter mem- »:
bersof theKlan, ■
f book in schools
'W and libraries.
b i o g r a ph ical 1
HV Interesting from
sketch of its great i
leader. Gen. Na-
than Bedford For-
rest. Indorsed by
IV start to finish.
w^ Price, 75 cents;
W/ postage, 10 cents.
" Order from author.
Mrs. S. E. F. Rose,
West Point. Mississippi
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
ot all kinds
Silk Banners, S<
and all kinds of IV
Society
Joel Flag L Regal
Send for Price Lis
►vords, Belts, Caps
illtary Equipment and
Goods is at
a Co., 57 E. 96th St.
f New York City
CONFEDERATE
BATTLE OR NATIONAL
FLAGS ON STICKS
PRINTED MUSLIN
3 inches long-. -SO. 11 doz.
6 " " ... .25 "
10 " " ... .29 "
18 " " ... .68 "
27 " " ... 1.30 "
36 " " ... 1.85 "
Paper PinFlags... .60 gross
POSTPAID— Special Prices on Larger Quantities
Write to-day for illustrated Catalogue
of Pins, Charms, Novelties, and Gifts.
Bunting and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1327 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.
J. O. Kincannon, of Booneville, Ark.,
is trying to help Henry Baker get a
pension and would like to hear from
comrade who was a member of
Company A. ist Louisiana Infantry.
John C. McGrew, of Gainesville, Fla.,
writes that he was a member of Seng-
stack's Battery, for whom D. R. Klin-
ger, of Jackson, Ala., made inquiry.
He had written to Mr. Klinger, but
received no answer.
W. F. Ross, of Pecan Gap, Tex., wants
to correspond with some one who knew
and can testify to the service of Perry
Cardens, who belonged to Company A,
ioth Alabama Infantry, and was pa-
roled at Appomattox Courthouse.
D. S. Lane, of Latta, S. C, wants to
communicate with some comrade who
served with him in Company C. 1st
Regiment of South Carolina Regulars,
commanded by Colonel Dunnavant. The
first lieutenant was Burnett. Mr. Lane
was badly wounded at Johns Island, S.
C. Please write him in care of W. B.
Allen, Commander of the Camp.
John Higgins, a resident of Mary-
land or Louisiana, served in the Con-
federate navy during the War between
the States. Can any one give informa-
tion of his service that will enable his
daughter to join the U. D. C? He was
living in Louisiana at the time of his
death, many years ago. Address Miss
Alice Lamkin, Vice President McComb
Chapter, U. D. C, McComb, Miss.
Miss S. Stephens Stone, 202 North
Thirty-Second Street, Louisville, Ky.,
in order to help Mrs. Eugene Pritchard
get a pension, wants some information
of her husband, who was known as
James Eugene Hughes. He was cap-
tured with Morgan in Ohio and im-
prisoned at Camp Douglas. He was
from Louisville, Ky., but enlisted from
Memphis.
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class bv itself.
Tile cheapest known means of
pumping water.
Can rain on as lillle as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Kuns automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free Look of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Tenn.
Airs. S. A. Anderson, Route 3, Oke-
mah, Okla., wants to hear from some
one who can testify to the service of
Samuel A. Anderson, who enlisted in
Company B. 32d Texas Cavalry, Bee's
Division.
D. T. Bartlett, of Blue Mountain,
Miss., writes of the capture of four
Federal officers belonging to a dispatch
boat named John Quill near the Cooper
River, in South Carolina, in 1865, and
would like to know if they are still liv-
ing-. He wants to hear from them.
John T. Brown, of Newtown, Mo.,
wants to learn something of his brother,
James M. Brown, of Linneus, M">., who
enlisted in 1862 under Gen. Sterling
Price. He doesn't know the name of
the company or regiment, but the cap
tain's name was William Sandusky, of
Linneus, Mo., and the first lieutenant
was Taylor Richardson.
Mrs. H. B. Thompson, of Kewanee,)
111., makes inquiry for some surviving I
comrade of her uncle, Tilburn A. Coch-1
ran, of Marion County, Mo., who en-'
listed in August, 1862, in Company B
ist Missouri Cavalry, Shelby's Brigade
He served under Capt. B. McNeves anc
General Gordon ; was captured at Lit-
tle Rock and taken to Alton, 111., when |
he was a prisoner for several month:
before being sent to Richmond for ex-
change.
Woodland Bronze Works
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL & SONS COMPANY
Bronze Memorial and Inscription
ESTIMATES AND
DESIGNS FURNISHED
UPON REQUEST
TABLETS
IOS Merrlmac St.
Newburyport, Mass.
Qorjfederat^ V/eterai>.
95
Head Noises and Other Ear
and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who were
formerly deaf, nowhe&i
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
Often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears*'
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds,
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums,
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
orhowlongstandingit is.testimonialsreceivedshow
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
Successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer ,
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousandsof otherswill helpyou.
Don't delay. Write today for
Our FREE 168 page Boole on Deaf-
•ess- giving vou full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
4*6 Inter-Southern Bfdg. LOUISVILLE, ICY
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin ::
No. tS?0.
Cold-Plaled SO. 26
Soiled Cold .60
Solid Gold 1.00
Solid Gold, Heavy Weight 2.00
14 Kt. Gold, Heavy Welghl 3.00
POSTPAID
Special prices on half dozen or more. Illustrated
price list of Flags and Confederate Novelties sent
on request.
Catalogues of Medals, Class Pins, Rings, Tro*
phles. Loving Cups, and Banners now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPAGE
1327 F SI. N. W., Washington. O. C.
Psati owr I ""/ Boo
CONFEDERATE VETERAN
U N I FOR M S
Highest Quality Lowest Prices
Tailor-Made to Your Measure
Send for Catalogue No. 341 and
cloth samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Ct.
CINCINNATI
WantnH Confederate money, State scrip.
VwdlliCU Must be in good condition and
genuine. O. T. Nicholson, Shamrock, Texas.
Mrs. W. J. Staton. of Ada, Okla., de-
sires information of her husband, who
enlisted at Lcwisburg. Tenn., and later
was located in Atlanta, Ga., to make
saddles for the Confederacy.
Mrs. George C. Stone, 272 Carr Ave-
nue. Clarksburg, W. Va., wants infor-
mation of Andrew Littleton Cline, com-
monly called "Liu" Cline, who enlisted
in the Confederate army from
ginia.
Mr. W. M. Wright, of Pike City, Ark.,
is seeking proof of his service and would
like to hear from some surviving com-
rade. He served in Company B, 39th
Georgia Regiment, under Capt. Howard
Pitner, Col. Joe McConncll, and Gen-
eral Ledbetter. He was in the siege of
Vicksburg.
Mrs. Lela Randolph, 2089 Peabody
Avenue, Memphis, Tenn., wants to es-
tablish the record of her husband,
George W. Randolph, who enlisted near
Houston. Miss., in Xovember, 1862. in
Company D, Ballcntine's Regiment. He
was provost marshal at West Point,
Miss., part of the time and also a scout
for General Forrest. If Lieutenant
Horton, who lived near Winona, Miss.
is still living, she would like to hear
from him.
ExPLOSn 1 1 -. — D r . G e '
Ga. : "The
so-called poisonous and explosive bullets
have been heard of and shown all over
the South since the war. In order to
set the matter right. I submitted samples
of them t<> Mi 1 rancis Bannerman, a
military expert of New York, and sub-
mit his reply : 'Your letter and bi
bullets to hand Before answering T
ci nsulted Brig. Gen. John Pitman
tired). United States Ordnance Depart-
ment, who is an authority on cartridges.
He confirms my belief that the bullet is
what is called the Williams patent and
was made for and used in the Civil
Springfield 58-caliber rifle. The zinc
plug, being harder metal than the lead,
was intended by the gas of the propelling
charge to drive forward into the hollow
"f the lead ball in order to expand the
lead bullet into taking the spiral rifle
grooves of the barrel. General Pitman
has weighed the bullet, 457.32 grains;
the zinc expander, 100 grains; the pre-
cise caliber is 574.' After the close of
the war the United States government
broke up a lot of Williams cartridges
and spoiled a quantity of lead in melting
the lead and zinc together."
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
Thn Direct Line
to Antietam, Md.. Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. Bull Run .and oth-
er famous battle fields In the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga. Tenn.
W. C. SAUNL CRS. General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
GREAT SEAL OF
CONFEDERATE STATES
Magnificent, beatrh'fnlly colored reprodoc-
tion of the Great Seal of the Coal* derate
Slates, eighteen inches io diameter, suitable
tor Iram.ng. $1 00.
History of fhe Great Seai Bad Manifesto of
fbe Confederate Congress declaring disposi-
tion., principles, and purposes of the Confed-
erate States in relatioo Io war with the United
States. 50 cents.
ANNIE PAYNE PILLOW
2424 Pa. Ave. Washington, D. C.
INFORMATION Regarding
GRAVES of CONFEDERATE
PRISONERS OF WAR
who died in the hands of the Union
forces is requested by the War De-
partment in orderthat these graves
shall receive national attention.
Please write, giving name of the
soMieror sailor and burial place, to
Dr. Samuel E. Lewis, Commissioner
Army Medical Library Building
Washington, D. C.
STAMPS WANTED
Cash paid for postage stamps from
letters mailed before 1870. Any kind
except three-cent United States. A. B.
Paine, 1353 Beacon St., Brookline, Mass.
96
Qoi?federat^ l/eterai)
TENNESSEE'S UP-TO-DATE FRATERNAL
INSURANCE ORDER
SIX FORMS TO CHOOSE FROM
THREE OF THESE FORMS WRITTEN BY THE SAILORS ONLY
TWO NEW FORMS, EITHER OF WHICH
PAYS IF YOU DIB
PAYS IF YOU LIVE
$500 JOINT DISTRIBUTION RANK
In a class of thirty tke beneficiary of the mem-
ber who dies receives $500, and the person holding
the earliest number in good standing in the class re-
ceives $500, thus using the proceeds of a $1,000 cer-
tificate. As these two drop out, or as lapses occur,
others in the class take earlier positions and get
nearer the goal, new members being added at the
foot of the class. Some one of 29 is sure to receive
the living benefit of $500. It may be you.
$50 JOINT DISTRIBUTION RANK
In a class of eleven the beneficiary of the mem-
ber who dies receives $500, and the remaining
members of the class in good standing receive
$50 each, thus using the proceeds of a $1,000
certificate. Every member of the class shares
in the joint distribution and may receive his
entire $500 in this way, the ten who do not
die remaining in the class and awaiting another
distribution.
THE MAN WHO LAPSES IS THE ONLY ONE WHO CAN LOSE
OIN ALL CERTIFICATES
Col V Y Cook Dec 16
€[[ Old-age benefit at seventy.
•H Advance payment on account of disability, broken arm or leg, or loss of an eye.
€f A monument of $100 value, selected by the beneficiary.
THE SIX FORMS
All as good as those written by other orders; some better
STEP RATE JOINT ON HUSBAND AND WIFE
LEVEL PREMIUM $500 JOINT DISTRIBUTION
DECREASING PAYMENT $50 JOINT DISTRIBUTION
WRITE FOR CIRCULAR GIVING RATES AND FULLER EXPLANATION. STATE TOUR AGE
THE SAILORS, 8o8?ebprt6acd^ay, Nashville, Tenn.
4
'A
GEN. FRANCIS M. COCKREU
Born October 1, 1834; Died December 13, 1915
98
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
Facts about
PRINTING
(fj To obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printe. r.ay be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best— HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING. This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment. €]j We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carry out your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING GO.
Nashville, - ♦ Tenn.
Woodland Bronze Works
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL & SONS COMPANY
Bronze Memorial and Inscription
ESTIMATES AND
DESIGNS FURNISHED
UPON REQUEST
TABLETS
lOS Mcrrimac St.
Newburyport. Mass.
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. Page
General Orders No. 35, U. C. V 99
Multiplying Confederate Troops 100
Confederate Generals Born in the North 100
Lee's Return to Gettysburg (poem). By Cassie Moneure Lyne 100
Gen. Francis Marion Cockrell 101
Missourians in Battle of Franklin. By Capt. Joseph Boyce 103
The Failure of the Confederacy. By J. H. McNeilly, D.D 112
Unique Historical Records. By John C. Stiles 117
Gen. D. H. Hill at Chickamauga. By George R. Ratchford 120
The Indian Battle of Chaustinolla. By Capt. H. L. Taylor 122
Captured at Trevilian Station. By D. M. Deck 123
"Old Jerry." By Annie Laurie Sharkey 125
At Spring Hill and Franklin Again. By E. Shapard 138
Government Relief for Confederates. By Perry M. de Leon 140
Monument to Carnes's Battery 140
What a "Buffalo" Was 140
The Southland (poem). By Grace Imogen Gish 141
The Birth of a Nation. By Dr. E. M. Emerson 141
Departments: U. D. C 104
Confederated Southern Memorial Association 1 1 1
The Last Roll 120
Sons of Confederate Veternns 1^4
"LIFE OF GEX. STAND WATIE."
Mrs. Mabel W. Anderson, of Pryor.
Okla., has written a book on the life of
General Watie, the only Indian briga-
dier general in the Confederate army,
which also gives all the Confederate his-
tory of the Indian Territory. The book
should be of great interest to all South-
erners and to the lovers of history as
well. Price, 55 cents, postpaid. Semi
all orders to the author.
PAY FOR CONFEDERATES.
The Confederate veterans will be pan!
off in good old Confederate money at
the Birmingham Reunion, provided the
Paymaster-General, J. M Williams, of
Memphis, Tenn., can secure these old
bills. It is earnestly urged that our peo-
ple all over the Southland get busy at
once and semi all the Confederate money
they can find to Gen. J. M. Williams.
400 Bank of Commerce Building, Mem-
phis, Tenn. It is further requested that
all newspapers, magazines, etc.. that arc-
in sympathy with this unique feature of
the Reunion give it wide publicity. It
will be highly appreciated by all the
veterans and their friends.
FIRS! I ROOFS THROUGH TIIOR-
FARE GAF.
In your February number you were
kind enough to print my article on the
first troops through Thoroughfare Gap.
where I claimed that honor for Georgia
instead of Texas. Since that article-
was printed I have received a letter
from Col. George H. Carmical, of New-
nan, Ga., which makes me hasten to "eat
my words" and make profuse apologies
to the Texans. The Colonel has made
it very clear that the Texans were
through first, as the Georgians, not hav-
ing time to follow the road, went over
the mountain right behind the Yankees
and thus cleared the situation.
John C. Stiles.
"AN EDUCATIONAL AND PATRIOTIC TREASURE"
Grandmother Stories
from the Land of Used-to-Be
By
HOWARD MERIWETHER LOVETT
32 Beautiful Illustrations. Price, S 1 .50, Postpaid
SPECIAL OFFER.— An introductory copy
of Grandmother Stories will be furnished
any school library in th'< United States at
$1.00 net. Postage, 10 cents. Address
COLUMBIAN BOOKSTORE
81-83 Whitehall Street Atlanta, Ga.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Catered at the post office at Nash ville, Term., as second-class matter.
9»te given to subscription is the month of expiration.
*J1 remittances should he made to the Cuvfioemtk Veteran,
and all communications ^ •
Published by tile Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Teiuu
OFFICIALLY REPRLSFXTS:
United Co.vfedh ss,
Cnith. I) M ..M- 1 Rfl . r -r || ,CYf
Sons or V, -\ ■ urs *vn Otiieh OHrit.vtr.ATioK*,
CONFEHKRATKD SOUTHERN MEMORIAL AsSOCtATIO
Though men deserve, they may not win, success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
Price «1.(»i per Year, i
Single Copy. Hi Cents. [
Vol. XXIV
XASHYTELE, I I \\\. MARCH.
Xo. 3.
IS. A. C< NNINGHAM,
} I OCNDER.
Headquarters United Confederate Veterans
New Orleans, La., January 24, [1
Genes .1 1 Irdi rs No. 35.
1. \t the Richmond Reunion in 1015 Birmingham, Ala.
was chosen lor the twenty-sixth annual gathering of the Con-
federate veterans. This hospitable city has three times en-
joyed the distinguished privilege of entertaining the men w
wore the gray. In 1894 Birmingham secured this great honor.
In 1908 this splendid city again achieved reputation in tei
ing its hospitality to those who followed the Stars and Bai
and now, eight years afterwards, in 1916, the survivors of the
armies that made history for the t will
again assemble in tin- metropolis of Alabama. No city, -
Richmond and Nashville, has had the distinction of three times
entertaining these Confederate guests, whom every place in
the South is glad to have within it
Great in peace and great in war. this renowned common-
wealth gladly has undertaken to s >
with her sons, made famous the Confederate name I he num-
ber of those who won immortality for the Southland is
rapidly decreasing, but years cannot dim their loyalty and
fealty to the great principles for which the South 1
in its mighty struggle. It will be cheering and helpful to tin
Confederates to meet in that State where tin Confederacy was
organized and where, at Montgomery, Alabama's capital. Ji
ferson Davis took the oath of office as the Chief Executive
of the young nation, and the spot where hi did this will 1
remain a consecrated place in the hearts ( and
their descendants.
The names which compose the rolls of the Confederate
erals from Alabama shine with resplendent brilliancy on
pages of Anglo-Saxon history. The mention of Wheeler. Pel-
ham, Kellcy. Gregg. Semmcs, Allen. Baker. Battle. Bov
Bulger, Cantey, Clanton, Clayton, Deas, Dcshler, Forney, Fry,
Garrott, Gorgas, Gracie, Hagan, Holtzclaw, Johnston, I
Leadbcttcr, Moody. Morgan, O'Neal, Perry, Pettus, Roddey,
Rodes, Sanders, Shelley, Tracy, Withers, and Wood is an in-
spiration to courage and valor in every land and country.
Great as the renown and achievements of these generals
appear, they deserve no more gratitude or admiration than the
humble men in the ranks who stood behind the earns and bv
their cheerful sacrifices, unflinching courage, immeasui
patriotism, and heroic suffering amid great privations elev;
in all lands the character and glorv of volunteer soldiery.
Xo State which entered the Confederacy more promptly
sent her sons to the front, and no men ever exhibited higher
age or displayed loftier regiments of in-
ry and thirteen regiments of cavalry, six battalions and
ty batteries gave to Alabama among the States just repu-
tation for loyalty to the cause of the South. Whether on foot
or mounted or behind artillery, those w cr name c
a splendid account of themsri-
Her sons participated in all the great campaigns "f the Con-
federacy. In the Army of Northern Virginia, ii
I < nnessec the men from Alabama were engaged in fifteen
hundred battles or skirmishes, and there were no important
m which the men fl
Alabama did not sustain a hi She gave as her con-
tribution more than forty generals, and the names of her i
called to high command re! < on her hi
thrilling pages in the narrative of Southern
With 1 . hundred and twenty-six thousand
white people. than sixty-live thous
Hers to thi did her part gloriously
in all that required sacrifice, suffering, and loss for the Con-
federate cause; an t man can read the accounts of
the deeds of Alabama Confederates and fail to say that they
won imperishable renown.
Of the seventy regiments in the I • army with the
highest percentage of mortality, Alabama had twelve of these
distinctions to her credit, and in this matter she takes very
high rank amongst her sister States. Of the eighteen brigades
which met the greatest decimation in battle, three were from
Alabama. These two facts alone would justify the esteem in
which Alabamians were held by all their Confederate com-
rades.
After hearing from the people of Birmingham and consult-
ing with the Commanders of Department s, the 16th, 17th, and
18th of May have been designated for the 1916 Reunion of the
United Confederate Veterans. _ The I Southern
Memorial Association and the Sons of Confederate Vetei
aiII hold their conventions at the same 1
That Birmingham will do all that can be done to make this
Reunion delightful and successful goes without saving.
By command of Bennett H. Young,
General Commanding
William E. Micki.f,
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff.
IOO
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai}
MULTIPLYING CONFEDERATE TROOPS.
BY MRS. THOMAS R. HARDAWAY, AMELIA C. II.. VA.
i was glad to see the article on "Strength of the Confed-
eracy," by Thomas G. Fulkerson, in the February Veteran.
1 brought this same question before two meetings of the Vir-
ginia Division. U. D. C. in 1914. and I urged several vet-
erans at the Reunion in Richmond last June to bring it be-
fore the convention then in session. In collecting the rosters
of my own county (Amelia, Ya.) I was confronted by the
same conditions, one soldier's name appearing upon two or
three different rosters, he having entered one company and
after serving awhile for some cause enlisting in another.
I also found another cause that is multiplying the number
of our Confederate soldiers greatly, this arising from the
different methods that are being used to collect these rosters.
Some counties collect and record the names of the soldiers
who went from their own county; another, and perhaps it
may be an adjoining county, will collect by companies. In
my county, for instance, there were men from eight different
counties enlisted: in one company there were five Mary-
landers. One man of Caroline County, Va., living in Colorado
when war was declared, came back and joined the Amelia
Troop with his brother, who was then teaching in Amelia.
Colorado is now claiming this soldier as enlisting from that
State: while I have his name in his company roster, and
Caroline County may have him enlisted in her county list.
Thus he would be recorded three times.
Again, there are counties collecting both the company ros-
ters and also the names of county men who served in com-
panies formed in other counties. There are numbers of men
from my county who are known to have been in the service,
and yet I can find no one who knows to what company they
belonged. They must be recorded somewhere. Fearing they
will be overlooked by the county or town in whose com-
panies they enlisted, I make of these names a separate list
Tinder the head of "Companies Unknown."
I trust the Confederate Veterans will take this matter up
at Birmingham in May and adopt one common method of
recording our soldiers and urge all Camps and Chapters to
Follow the prescribed way.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS BORN IN THE NORTH.
COMPILED BY JOHN l. STILES
Of the four hundred and seventy-five general officers of the
Confederate States army, one hundred and sixty-one had been
in the United States army ; but sixty had resigned from that
service previous to i860, and among them were Gens. T, J.
Jackson and Leonidas Polk.
Of these one hundred and sixty-one old army men, ninetei n
were born in the North; and while eight had resigned pre\ ious
to i860, eleven went right out of the old into the new.
Gens. Samuel Cooper, Franklin Gardner, M. L. Smith. D.
M Frost, Archibald Gracie, Jr., W. M. Steele, and W. H.
Stevens were born in New York; Gens. J. C. Pemberton.
Josiah Gorgas, W. S. Walker, and J. K. Duncan, in Pennsyl-
vania ; Bushrod Johnson and R. S. Ripley, in Ohio ; L. L.
Tximax, in Rhode Island; S. G. French and J. A. De Lagnel,
in New Jersey: Daniel Ruggles and C. W. Sears, in Massa-
chusetts: Francis Shoup. in Indiana.
Some of these, who had resigned previous to i860, were
living in the South, and of course their interest was there.
Others were of Southern parentage and for that reason heard
the call. Still others had married Southern women and pre-
ferred facing known, rather than unknown, terrors and there-
fore cast their lot with the Confederacy.
With the exception of Pemberton, who was wrongly ac-
cused of treason, and some hot talk about Cooper from John
Tyler, Jr., there is nothing in history to show that these nine-
teen men did not do their duty as loyally, if not as ably, as
any other generals in the Confederate army.
LEE'S RETURN TO GETTYSBURG.
BY CASSIE MONCURE LYNE.
1 lurs is a land at peace. Thank God ! May it ever continue !
Yet Virginia forgets not her dead, whom love bids us re-
member.
They gave their lives for our State, fell in the thick of the
fray
When Armistead went over the wall and Pickett led bravely
the way.
What were the names of these men? Onlj Fame and Honor
can tell
Who charged up Seminary Ridge and near Little Round Top
fell.
They need no paean of praise save "Virginia's Gettysburg
Dead" ;
That tells the world who they were. No epitaph ever more
said.
For if the shadowy host who sleep in uniforms gray and old
Could arise at the bugle note and this monument now behold,
A Rebel yell would start that mountain would echo to se 1.
For Virginia as sentinel sends the majestic presence of Lee.
■^ w
W. ,^JAl ^W -' 4T
wkw
" i
A,,
L
E\ 1
ftSIjt
\\
■ \ 1
K«9 '
ml
^ni
■
H
■
*m
— ^1
EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF GENERAL LEE FOR THE VIRGINIA
MONUMENT AT GETTYSBURG.
Confederate l/eteran.
lOl
GEN. FRANCIS MARIOS COCKRELL.
When the Senate of the United States adjourned on the
morning of December 13, 1915, in respect to the memory of
Ex-Senator Francis M Cockrell, of Missouri, whose death
had just been announced, it was said to have been the second
time only that that august body had so honored the memory
of one not then a member of it. The first instance of the
kind was after Senator Vest, of Missouri, had delivered a
brief speech on the death of Gen. Wade Hampton, which is
still spoken of bj tho» who heard it a- the most
affecting euloi r heard in the Senate of the United
States. Thus when Senator Reed, of Missouri, briefly
sketched the life and career of his distinguished fellow citizen
and moved thai the Senati adjourn in honor to nory,
this great deliberativi ;ain went on record as thus
honoring another Southerner's faithfu
ment
For thirty years General < ockrell represented his St
the Upper House of Congress, serving continually from [875
i" [905. lie was tin n ' ommerce t
missioner and served six years In tot 1 "ted
Commissioner for the United S tablish thi
between rexas and New Mexico. \t the time of his death
he was civilian member of the I I Irdnance, War
partment. He died at his home, in the Buckingham H
Washington, D. C. and his funi
at the Confederate Vi idquarters in that city.
Francis M. Cockrell was born in Johnson County, Mo.,
October 1. [834. Hi received his education from thi
• if his county and at Chapel Hill I 1 ege, from which he
graduated in [853. He Hun studied law
liar in 1855, and was practicing his when, at the
call of the Governor in May, [861 ted in the Miss
State Guard and was mad. firsl lieutenant and then
When the six months' period of enlistment had exp
ini/r.l a company for the 2d Missouri Infantry, I
which was mustered in as Company II. V
of this command, in 1862, he «as promoted to li
colonel and a few weeks later to colonel In July, 1863, hi
was commissioned as brigadier general. He was an excellent
officer, noted for his courage and siriet discipline, and he
idolized l>> his soldiers for his devotion to their comfort and
wclf.ua II. led his command in 111:1m batl
part in thi siege <<i Vicksburg \t'ter th< 1 this his-
toric siege, made memorable by the hi I the
garrison, he was on parole until September, 1863, when
ua» exchanged. \s a bt general, still holding with him
Ins faithful Missourians, hi entered the \nm of Mississippi.
then under the command of Johnston. Liter of Folk, his bri-
gade forming a part of French' 1 In March, 1864
all Missourians east of the Mississippi not in
were ordered to report to him for assignment to duty. At
this juncture, when all the resources of the Confederacy in
the Department of thi West were being drawn upon to ex-
haustion to till up the armies of Polk and Johnston, '..nera'
Cockrell displayed such stanch allegiance to the cause as to
merit the extraordinary honor of the thanks of Congress.
By a joint resolution, approved May 23, 1X04. it was resolved
"That the thanks of Congress are eminently due and are
hereby tendered to Brig. Gen. F. M. Cockrell and the officers
and soldiers composing the tst, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Ri
ments of Missouri Infantry, tst, 2d, and 3d Regiments of
Missouri Cavalry, the batteries of Bledsoe, I.andis. Guibor,
Walsh. Dawson, and Barrett, and Woodson's detached corn-
all in the service of the Confederacy ia-t of the Mis
sissippi River, for the prompt renewal of their pled^
fidelity to the cause of Southern independence for
pendence and peace, without curtailment of bound-
ured." With these troop-
he moved with Polk's army to the support of Johnston against
Sherman, reaching Kingston, Ga„ May 17, after which Fri
Division was under lire even- day, with one exception, until
the fall of Atlanta. At Lost Mountain Gen nch re-
ported his than'. rell, his officers, and men
for their gallant conduct in repulsing the enemy. S
Cockrell was again wounded, but resumed his
nd in August and was in constant skirmishing
Atlanta lines until the evacuation. In the following winter
-I the Tent
until the fatal field of Franklin, where he received th-
is, incapacitating him Kir duty until the spi 1
\pril o. sent t
May 14. 1-
. :1 resumed tin
li [874, when defeat..! for tin
ratic nonn ivernor by the I rles T.
gates, he accepted his defeat
gracefully a lis re-
ward came in the fo January (1875), wl
■ lected United r to mh
Schurz. and he erms. As a
it he won sues by
his industry and patient attention ti an he
• voted to the best interests of the whole country and
1 friend 1
and true. I he father daugh-
Wirrensburg
WIS INS /V !
BV
I. M. Cockrell commanding, was a p V P.
Stewai Samuel I 1 after
5herman's King-
ston until 1
and Tilton. General Hood decided to
his army toward Nashvi
- distant.
We left I ition about thi ember,
and during October the nights were cold and frosts very
It was a >ur clothing was not suit-
able for the severe weather: we were without overcoats, and
shoes were scarce. We were obliged to leavi I Tus-
cumbia and many men who were so badly shod and
1 that they could not make the march toward Nashville.
We were bivouacked at Tuscumbia from N until
the 20th. awaiting the arrival of pontoon boats and supplies
so that we could cross the Tennessee River, which was out
of hanks owing to the heavy and almost incessant rains. De-
spite the dreary march through cold and rainy weather, ex-
hausting and depressing on troops not prepared for such trials
and not enthused by past victories in Georgia, they wen
anxious to push on to the end to accomplish the defeat of th
enemy at all hazards.
On the 20th of November we crossed the Tennessee Riv r
102
Qopfederat:^ l/eterap.
on pontoons and marched through Florence on a cold, rainy
day. The mud was thinned by the rain and snow to the con-
sistency of gruel. The roadbed was macadam and our foot-
ing sure, but we waded through this awful mess for several
miles before reaching the point where we were to bivouac.
It took the best part of the night to clean up and make our-
selves comfortable. We were much cheered at this place by
meeting Forrest and his cavalry. They had just returned
from Johnsonville and other points on the Tennessee River
after a grand and victorious campaign. Among his troopers
we saw our old friends of the famous 2d Missouri Cavalry,
Col. Bob McCollough, and King's 2d Missouri Battery. This
was a superb company of Hying artillery, well equipped and
drilled to perfection, commanded by Captain Faris and J. Rus-
sell Dougherty. Most of its members were from St. Charles,
Mo. These two commands represented Missouri with For-
rest's Cavalry during most of the war and always bore Mis-
souri's banner in the front of the conflict with the enemy.
After a few days at Florence we started north with the
army for Middle Tennessee. The morning we moved out
on the road was gloomy and cloudy. Presently a snowstorm
set in, the Art heavy snow of the season. The men set up a
shout and hurrahed for Missouri. "This is the kind of
weather we want, regular old Missouri weather. This is none
of your Southern rains; this is something decent. Hurrah
for old Missouri ! We are on our way home." After several
hours the sun came out. We had by this time reached the
pike road, and from that time on we had delightful weather
and most excellent roads — very little rain, the nights cool and
slightly frosty, the days warm and pleasant. This march was
kept up for several days. We were received everywhere with
great enthusiasm and kindness by the people along our route.
We passed through the finest farming country we ever saw,
and, to the enemy's credit, there were no signs of destruction
to private property such as we saw in Georgia and Alabama.
We had several brushes with the enemy during our ad-
vance, but they were only skirmishes and did not give us any
concern until the morning of the 30th of November, when a
heavy skirmish line was thrown out from our brigade on the
left of us. We marched in parallel lines and with the main
body mostly on the road or pike passing through Spring
Hill. I believe we were the advance infantry of Hood's army
that day. Forrest was in our front with his cavalry, and he
crowded the enemy fiercely at every point. This was very
evident to us by the abandoned wagons of commissary stores.
The enemy was too hotly pressed to have time to unhitch
the mules. We found the poor creatures dead in their har-
ness, having been shot through the head by the drivers or
rear guard. Their bodies were still warm and smoking from
the great exertion made to escape our advance. Forrest was
certainly the "Wizard of the Saddle," and he must have
traveled like the wind, for on the road near Franklin we saw-
two locomotives which he had captured steam up and blow
off seemingly with indignation at their bad luck.
The citizens, nearly all old people or boys too young for
military service, and any number of enthusiastic young ladies
lined the fences, cheering us and crying out : "Push on, boys ;
you will capture all of the Yanks soon. They have just
passed here on the dead run." We received the news with
joyous cheers and kept our double-quick step along the road
for several hours. About noon we reached a point near
Franklin, a range of hills, and after passing over them came
out in full view of the Federal position.
The ground appeared to us as level as a floor. The main
army came on the field, and the divisions of Loring and Wal-
thall, of our corps (Stewart's), took positions tor the battle.
In the rear of Cheatham's and Cleburne's Divisions our divi-
sion (French's) was the reserve. It consisted of Cockrell's
and Sears's Brigades. Our other brigade (Ector's Texans)
was not with us that day, having been left behind at Florence
on guard duty. After considerable delay the Army of Ten-
nessee was in position. It was a beautiful sight. As far as
the eye could see it beheld troops moving into line for the at-
tack. The troops were placed in echelon, and while moving
to other places, except for the shells rushing over us, we
might have been thought to be getting ready for inspection.
While we were in line of battle some one in the company,
impressed with the scene, quoted Nelson's famous order at
Trafalgar: "England expects every man to do his duty."
Sergt. Denny Callahan took it up at once, saying : "It's d —
little duty England would get out of this Irish crowd."
Nearly all the company and regiment were composed of
Irishmen or their descendants. The laugh Denny raised on
this was long and hearty. They were noble fellows, indeed,
laughing in the face of death. Four years of war hardens
. men, and yet there were few in the command over twenty-
two years of age.
About four o'clock the corps of Lee and Cheatham were
ready for the grand assault. The sun was going down behind
a bank of dark clouds, as if to hide from sight the impending
slaughter. His slanting rays threw a crimson light over the
field and intrenchments in front, prophetic of our fate. Our
brigade was in the rear, formed in the same order as at Alla-
toona's bloody field, recollections of which were so many
thrilling reminders that it was no boy's play to charge this
veteran Western infantry when well intrenched. General
Cockrell gave orders to march straight for the position in
quick time and not to fire a shot until we gained the top of
the works; then when the decisive moment arrived, in clear,
ringing tones came the final commands ; "Shoulder arms !
Right shoulder shift arms ! Brigade forward ! Guide center !
Music! Quick time! March!" And this array of hardened
veterans, every eye straight to the front, in actual perfection
of drill and discipline, moved forward to our last and blood-
iest charge. Our brass band, one of the finest in the army,
went up with us, starting with "The Bonnie Blue Flag."
changing to "Dixie" as we reached the deadly point.
The enemy instantly opened heavily with musketry and
artillery in front and an enfilading fire from a battery on our
right, on the far side of the Harpeth River, which was de-
liberate and deadly, as we fired not a shot in return. Men
commenced dropping fast from the start. The distance we
marched from our position where we first formed line of bat-
tle to the enemy's works was, I remember, about nine hundred
yards. In that space our flag fell three times. Joseph T.
Donavan, ensign, of St. Louis, was the first to fall, badly hurt
by a fragment of shell. Two other members of the regiment,
John S. Harris and Robert Bently, were killed a few moments
later while carrying it. Sergt. Denny Callahan was the last
bearer, and this brave Irish boy carried it successfully to the
works, where he planted it, and was wounded and captured,
the flag falling into the hands of the Federals when we were
forced from the position.
Advancing in echelon (stair step) order, our long, swing-
ing step soon brought us abreast of Cleburne's Division, just
to (he right of the Franklin Pike, and with that superb com-
mand we crossed the enemy's advance line of rifle pits, raised
the glorious old yell, and rushed upon the main works a fran-
tic, maddened body with overpowering impulse to reach the
(^orjfederat^ l/eterai).
103
enemy and kill, murder, destroy. On and on we went right
up to the murderous parapet, delivered one smashing volley
as General Cockrell had directed, and the line rolled over the
works with empty guns, the bayonet now their only trust. I
should have said what was left of the line, for the ground in
the rear was all too thickly covered with the bodies of our
comrades. Our colonel, Garland, of St. Louis was killed
soon after we started, and as senior captain the command of
the regiment devolved upon me.
As we crossed the rifle pits our line was delayed a moment.
when, finding myself alone, I cried out: "Who is going to
stay with me?" Lieut. A. B. Barnett, Dick Saulsbery, Robert
Bonner, and Denny Callahan dashed up, flag in hand, and we
led the regiment up on the Federal works, where we all went
down together. I made a stroke at a bluecoat, felt my lee
give way, and fell on top of the works. He was too quick
for me. my sword flying from my hand. In another second
our men were on top of the p .rapet. The enemy's fire ceased
abruptly, and I crawled forward and picked up my sword .
then, rinding that I could walk a little. 1 started back to hunt
for a surgeon: but my wound was too severe, and I fell
Two slightly wounded men of the 5th Missouri assisted me
off the field and plared me in an ambulance of Gi
Quarles.
The enemy gai 1 ind we made another succes'f-
vault. It may ound b astful, but it is true, that never during
the entire war did out Mi mmand fail to carry a line
we were ordered to take, and never did the enemy succeed in
breaking our line. This can be said few commands
in all the history of war, but the offii ial 1 h sides
agree in confirming the statement.
But our triumph was very short With empl without
officers, out of breath, our thin line rested a few seconds,
when it was assailed by the enemy line. Th(
inside the fatal fortifications of Corinth was repeat'
solid wall of blue infantry advanced at the double-quick and
poured in a volley, It was too much. Our brave t
Came oul of the works as quickly as they had entered them
• iii.l sought refuge behind the rifle pits a short distance back.
\s we moved forward to the charge two guns of Guibor's
Si. Louis Battery, under command of Lieuts. A. W.
and Sam Kennard, advanced with us and opened fire at close
\s I limped back I saw the cannoneers pushing their
guns by hand to the front, right up to the rifle pits, where
the infantry rallied upon them, and all opened fire. Night
put a stop to the slaughter. During this last firing nearly all
our wounded lying in front were killed by the enemy's fire.
Poor fellows! their cries for help and for water could occa-
sionally be heard; but m 1 1 mid reach them, and thej
were gradually silenced by the tire from that awful parapet.
After midnight the enemy withdrew, leaving his dead and
severely wounded in our possession. Following the custom
of Federal authorities in similar battles, this might be claimed
as a Confederate victory. I can safely say that just two such
victories will wipe out any army the power of man can organ-
ize. Surely "the path of glory leads but to the grave."
Our appalling loss was not generally realized until next
morning, when a ghastly sight was revealed to those still
living. Among the dead of our regiment were Col. Hugh A.
Garland, brave and daring in battle, in camp as gentle as a
child, and always in a good humor, Capt. Cadmus Bray. Lieuts.
A. B. Barnett and Cannon, and Sergt. William Hopkins.
Of the wounded, 1 remember Lieut. Harry Thompson and
Sergeant Jones
The heroic bravery and thorough discipline of our brigade
on the field of Franklin almost lost them their organization
as Missourians. Those remaining did not make a good-sized
regiment, while the regiments looked like companies. Our
regiment had but three officers left for duty, Capt. James
YYickersham and Lieuts. James Kennedy and Patrick Collins.
This loss was proportionate throughout the brigade.
As it was rather an unusual thing for the "footers" to go up
in a charge with the "shooters," I think it but justice to give
the names of the veterans composing our band. Every mem-
ber had carried his musket in the ranks for two years and
through many battles, and I believe all of them would 1
ianged their instruments for muskets if ordered to
main in the rear. They were: Prof. John O'Neil (lead.
ii and Chris O'Neil. James and Thai Charles
Ketchum, Sam Lyon, James Young. Shelby Jones, James
Robinet, and Simeon Phillips
Our army was a wreck. Our comrades were lying in the
embrace of death. So many young hearts were stilled for.
which a few hours ago beat high in the prospect of soon hi
uri ' Tin reached
people, and many, many families uri friends bowed
their heads h f >r the poor boys laid low on th«
fated field of Franklin.
ite this he led his brigade to the wot I lijah
Gates was severely wounded in both arms, losing one by
1. Loughborough, of St. Louis.
ind dashed his 1 rks, wav
ing his hat and cheering us on. Strange that those who appear
the most danger escap. injury. Such wa^
Loughborough's case I think hi • of Gen-
eral staff unhurt.
It i- a well-known fact that in behind a well-in-
trenched line is equal to five men in front '1 bus we wen
Franklin. The "War R. 'iat Scho-
ficld had 25.400 and Hood had 21.874 men. without artillery.
•is brought with him. Gui
The task of burying the dead was commenced and continued
through the day until finished. The wound sent into
Franklin and made as comfortable as possible. Among the
killed was General Cleburne, the model soldier. We felt his
- as deeply as the men of his own division. Men would
to one another. "Why. Cleburne is killed!" and appeared
to doubt it, as if such a calamity could not befall the army.
Then the death of Capt. Patrick Canniff, commanding the
5th Missouri, caused us great grief. He was also a m
Ut.r passing through so many battles, he was killed
when needed most. He was wounded near the works and
was too badly hurt to crawl away to a place of safety and
received his death wound later on. Also among the killed
were Lieut. William A Crow. Patrick Marnell, and Thomas
igan, all from St. Louis.
The day after burying the dead the command took up the
line of march toward Nashville, passing to the right of the
town of Franklin. After arriving at Nashville, the brigade.
under command of Col. Peter F. Flournoy, of Linneus, Mo.,
was sent to the mouth of Duck River on outpost duty, passing
through Franklin on its way. It did not remain long at this
point, as news of the overwhelming disaster to our army at
Nashville was brought by couriers to the brigade, and it was
hurried off to join the retreating forces of Hood near Colum-
bia.
On iliat dreadful retreat in the midst of winter, the weather
i 1 ',".
io4 Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
TUniteb Daughters of tbe Confederacy
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President General.
Mrs. Lulu A. Lovell, Third Vice President General.
Mss. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General.
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General.
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton. Registrar General.
Miss Mildred Rutherford. Historian General.
Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor.
Mrs. W. K. Beard. Custodian Flags and Pennants.
'■Lave Makes Memory Eternal."
FROM THE. PRESIDENT GENERAL.
My Dear Daughters: Letters received by me from different
sections of the country show a misconception of the Works
bill and the Stone Mountain Memorial. Regarding my men-
tion in the Veteran of the Works bill, a lady writes : "I
see in the January Veteran that you ask your Daughters to
urge their Senators and Representatives to support the bill
offered by Senator Works in aid of indigent and afflicted
Confederate men and women in the way of erecting a home
for them." The other letters express the same impression.
The United States government has ten national homes.
Death has been so busy that there is now room for about
six thousand more inmates than they contain. The inspector
general of the United States army recommends their consoli-
dation, leaving two homes unoccupied. Senator Works's bill
proposes to turn over one of these homes left vacant "as a
home for disabled ex-Confederate soldiers, their wives and
widows, and that the sum of $400,000, or as much as may be
necessary, be appropriated and used for this purpose." There
never has been a word used asking any one to raise one
penny toward this home. The Daughters have been asked to
urge their Senators and Representatives to vote for the pas-
sage of the bill. If it passes, the United States government
furnishes the home and maintenance for same.
Stone Mountain Memorial.
So many inquiries have reached me in regard to the pro-
posed Stone Mountain Memorial, of which a detailed account
appeared in the November Veteran, that I deem it proper to
state that no action whatever has been taken by the United
Daughters of the Confederacy upon the plans submitted by
the eminent sculptor, Mr. Borglum, nor has any been re-
quested by the Stone Mountain Memorial Association, which
is composed of members of the Georgia Division, U. D. C.
Whether we as an organization shall assume any part of the
liability for this vast undertaking is a subject to be seriously
considered and will be fully discussed in convention before
official action is taken. The fact that we have been ten years
trying to raise fifty thousand dollars for Shiloh and almost
as long trying to raise sixty-four thousand dollars for Arling-
ton does not encourage the hope that the general organization
will be in position to cooperate in an enterprise requiring two
million dollars.
.Mrs. Katie Childress Schnabel has been working indefati-
gably compiling a record file of our U. D. C. Realizing
what it will mean to us and those who follow us to have a
complete file, I urge the Chapters to assist by responding
promptly to her requests for data.
Shiloh Monument.
April will soon be here. What are you going to do for
Shiloh monument? Upward of fourteen thousand dollars
still remains to be raised. Why doesn't each Chapter have a
great big Shiloh Rally Day? If you do, I believe we shall
have every cent ready to pay for the monument by next fall.
Last April I visited the Ridgely Brown Chapter, then of
sixty-five members, at Rockville, Md., on its Shiloh Rally
Day. I learned more in two hours from the excellent papers
then read upon the battle of Shiloh than I had through my
entire life. There were a few veterans and several children
present. When the meeting was over, a collection was taken,
which, with the children's pennies and the grown people's
silver coins, amounted to $10.66 for Shiloh.
Turn your thoughts to that 6th and 7th of April when the
great battle was fought; to the valiant Albert Sidney John-
ston, who gave up his life there; to the long trench where
three thousand of the flower of Southern manhood lie buried.
Nothing is there to tell those who pass how we of the South
cherish the memory of the heroism of these men. Every
Southern woman and child should consider it a privilege and
an honor to help build this monument.
All money collected for the following causes are to be sent
to the Treasurer General, Airs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va. :
General relief fund, general education, Red Cross window.
Cunningham monument, chair of Southern history in Peabody
College, Nashville, Tenn., Mrs. E. K. Trader.
Daughters, let us work and strive to pay off every cent we
owe on monuments this year and, when this loving task is
finished, turn our attention to the living. Here is an extract
from a letter written by a North Carolina lady to one in New-
York, who in turn forwarded it to me : "The case is this : the
lady of whom I write a few days after Christmas became
paralyzed in her throat and right arm. She is now in the
free ward of the Mercy Hospital, in Baltimore, in a pitiable
condition. She seems to be absolutely without means, and
what is to become of her unless some one comes to her as-
sistance I do not know. Her room rent and other expenses •
before she was taken to the hospital were paid from charity.
The hospital is not supposed to take incurable cases, and it is
a question how long they will keep her there." Her father
organized a company, and four brothers were in the war.
Many of the Confederate men and women need our aid,
and some of their grandchildren require our assistance in
obtaining an education. What would those loved heroes who
have passed over think if they could see their comrades and
the women who suffered patiently with them in want while
monuments were being erected with inscriptions to their valor
that a number of their descendants could not read?
Faithfully yours, Cordelia Powell Odenheimer,
President General U. D. C.
Qor?federat^ l/eterap.
105
THE SHILOH MONUMENT
Dear Daughters: Half of the stonework for the Shiloh
monument will be completed in another month, one group of
figures has been cast in bronze, and the other work is pro-
gressing rapidly; for Mr. Hibbard expects to have the monu-
ment ready to turn over to the U. D. C. next fall. If he is
ready, we must not fail to be ready to accept it and pay for
it. To do this the U. D. C. must line up together and send
in the required amount of money. So let us make the anni-
versary of the battle our rally day for Shiloh and raise by
then and send in on that day all the money we possibly can
Send it to your State Shiloh director or direct to the Treas-
urer, Mrs. Roy W. McKinney. Paducah, Ky. Due credit will
be given the Chapter and Division, no matter to whom the
money is sent.
As the work on the monument proceeds, payments must
be made to the sculptor. Two payments of four thousand
dollars each will be due this spring; and I want you to send
in the money for them, as none of our interest-bearing notes
are due until June, and I want to keep them drawing inl
so as to swell the fund.
Therefore please respond to Shiloh? immediate needs with
liberal donations from every Chapter and friend of the U.
D. C.
Faithfully yours, Mrs. Alexander B. White.
Director General Shiloh Monument Committee U. D. C
THE IDEAL OFFICER AND CHAPTER MEMB
BY MRS. CARROU. Im STEWART, FIRST VI< ! f GENERAL.
"He who does a good deed is instantly ennobled." (Enter-
■-nn. I
The United Daughters of the Confederacy stand for en-
nobling things, the word "service" typifying all for which we
hope — service to the memory of those who are gone through
having sacrificed their lives for a principle, service to the liv-
ing Confederate soldier, and service to each other.
The strength of the General Association depends upon that
of the State Division, and a State Division is only as strong
as her Chapters are strong. To convey the thought still
further, a Chapter can he efficient only through its members:
and so the most important factor in our magnificent organiza-
tion is the individual member of a Chapter of the Daughters
of the Confederacy. So many of us fail to realize our own
importance that we do not recognize the fact that by our
own actions we are either hampering or building our Chapter,
our State Division, and the general organization.
An ideal Chapter member can be presented, of course, only
from a personal standpoint, and there is room for many ideas
and ideals. However, there are certain qualities which we
■can all agree upon. No organization can prosper or give the
very best results, however efficient its officers, unless it has
the hearty cooperation of the majority of its members. The
•officers may be the head ; but the entire membership is the
heart and life and soul, that force, if there be cooperation,
which carries anything to a successful culmination. Unity of
thought makes us great, and this we have; for our one com-
mon interest is love of the cause for which our order had its
"birth, that principle of States' rights which brought our fair
land into the worst war which had ever been, staining our
soil with the chivalrous blood of our hero ancestors. We
must continue to work together to obtain the best results.
The ideal Chapter member is, above all else, interested in
•our work. She can tell you why she joined, what we are
•doing and why : she loves her South supremely and still is
.1*
a patriotic citizen of the United States. Randolph H. Mc-
Kim says ; "We must for evermore consecrate in our hearts
our battle flag of the Southern Cross, not now as a political
symbol, but as the consecrated emblem of a heroic epoch.
The people that forgets its heroic dead is already dying at
the heart, and we believe we shall be truer and better citizens
of the United States if we are true to our past." The ideal
Daughter does not stir up sectional strife, but calmly presents
to the world the cause of the War between the States. She
is punctual in attendance, and she accepts the responsibility of
office or committee work whenever she is called. She is un-
selfish, working for the good of the Chapter rather than for
personal advancement. She is an ideal wife, mother, and
friend : for this work brings out the best there is in any
woman. She is tolerant of others' frailties She, in her
Chapter experience, is kind and loving to all. recognizing no
distinction between the rich and the poor member, the latter
many times carrying the burden for the other. It is capa-
and willingness that ire necessary- than dollars.
She suspends judgment. . >dy the benefit of all
doubt whenever any ^he does not gossip,
being as merciful as she would wish others to be to her under
the same circumstances She recognizes the obligations and
glory of being < \ orking to the same end.
The attitude of the ideal member toward the officers is one
of helpfulness and loyalty . loyalty not so much to the person
holding the office as to the office itself, for that position is
r than any woman who ran hold it, since it embodies
the ideal of the organization. The SUO 1 nr Chapter
depends upon loyalty. One of the greatest rules for Chap-
ter harmony is the willingness of every member to "let the
y rule." Work hard for v right and.
i\ hen the Chapter ha- , magnanimous win-
r a good loser. Inform yourselves concerning our
work Read the Confederate Veteran, thereby keeping in
touch with everything connected with us Teach your chil-
dren of their forbears' heroic past. Pay your due? and other
obligations promptly 'ling can succeed, especially an
organization doing so much benevolence, unless money is
given.
\n ideal officer is naturally made to follow
'ice the officer is subservient to the member. The of-
ficer administers the desire of the members; and while being
•1 by the confidence and love of the members by oc-
upying a position of trust, she must never for one instant for-
get that she is to be true and just to the total membership.
The ideal officer is a woman of supreme tact and mercy.
being a fair parliamentarian, so that the affairs of her Chap-
ter can be administered with dignity and dispatch. She loves
every member of her organization, seeking at all times to
understand the individual better by keeping in close touch
with each one. She hears all things from all people and re
peats nothing, in this way gaining the confidence of all and
thereby being able more perfectly to administer your affairs
The ideal officer recognizes ability wherever she sees it,
whether that individual is a personal friend of hers or not.
She does not further the ambition of a friend, unless that
member merit? the honor. The officer keeps herself in-
formed concerning her Chapter, her State Division, and the
General Association, advising her membership as to all U. D.
C. activities, holding aloft high U. D. C. ideals. She promotes
everywhere a feeling of love and confidence in her Chapter.
She is, above all else, prompt and courteous in correspond-
ence ; she enters the homes of her members in hours of re-
io6
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
joicing and also during the trying hour of sorrow; she
consoles as a ministering angel unto that household. It is a
blessed privilege to be an officer who knows the hearts of peo-
ple, thus entering into their joys and sorrows. If the officer
grasps the chance, she grows mentally and spiritually ; for
contact with our Daughters causes us to understand many-
things. Every experience is not pleasant, for oftentimes
motives are misunderstood, and sometimes the correct way
seems obscure and difficult ; but the consistent officer through
her love of cause and member is always doubly repaid for
her time and energy expended.
The ideal officer is not ambitious for herself; her ambition
is for her organization, for the ideals which it embodies.
She does not attempt anywhere, any time to show any re-
markable personal brilliance, but quietly and consistently
works to assist in bringing about the greatest amount of
good to every member. The chairman does not ever favor
any side of the question, but presents both the majority and
minority arguments, believing that through honest differ-
ences charitably presented the life of her organization is pro-
longed. She has confidence in the judgment of her members ;
she does not ever surprise her membership by suddenly pre-
senting any important proposition, but gives everybody time
to consider and discuss any momentous question. All of-
ficers fulfill their duties as laid down by the constitution and
by-laws pleasantly and consistently ; also they point out to
the membership patiently and pleasantly the duties which by
law they must perform.
In dealing with the ideal we generally place it beyond
the reach of mortals. The object of this paper has been to
avoid this and to present an ideal member and officer which
it is not only possible to be, but that is being lived up to.
sometimes only partially, but many, many times wholly
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. TAYLOR O. TIMBERLAKE, STONEWALL JACKSON CHAPTER.
NO. 20.
Our great organization has suffered irreparable loss in the
death, on November 8, 1915, of our dear leader, Mrs. Magnus
S. Thompson (Mary Taliaferro Thompson). I say "leader"
wisely; for she was truly a leader not only in the activities
and interest of the Confederacy and its Daughters and Sons,
but verily a leader of all who came within the inspiring
radius of her personality. By her high ideals, her integrity
and steadfastness of motives, her beautiful moral character
and Christianity, and by her sweet, sunny disposition she
taught many lessons of life, endearing herself and her memory
to all who knew her.
Mrs. Thompson was born near Winchester, in Frederick
County, Va., and lived in Virginia during the entire war.
She married Magnus S. Thompson, a Confederate soldier,
November 7, 1865, at Frankfort, Ky. They celebrated to-
gether their fiftieth anniversary November 7, 1915, at Sibley
Hospital, where Mrs. Thompson had lain for several weeks,
and the following morning at one o'clock she quietly slipped
into eternal life. She sleeps now in the Confederate plot at
Arlington National Cemetery in the shadow of the beautiful
monument to the Confederate dead, the monument which was
the desire of her heart for many years and for which she
labored so untiringly and devotedly. In fact, -it may truly be
said that she deserves all glory and thanks as the originator
of the idea of a Confederate monument in the Arlington
National Cemetery. When Mrs Thompson attended the con-
vention in Charleston in November. 1903, she said in her
report : "There is one special work this Chapter has in view,
one which, if left to us, would require years of labor and
patient waiting, the erection of a monument to 'our dead' at
Arlington. But need I remind you that 'our dead' means
'your dead' ? Can it be that I am asking of you other than
your duty when I ask of every Chapter some aid in raising
this national reminder of the valor and heroism of our fallen
braves who sleep within the shadows of the victor's home
at such a time as may be decided upon by this convention ?"
With this purpose in mind she asked John Sharp Williams
.■» c
*,*
k J
MRS. MAGNUS S. THOMPSON.
to secure from the War Department permission for us to
erect a monument at Arlington. This was granted by the then
Secretary of War, William Howard Taft, President of the
United States at the time of the laying of the corner stone,
November, 1912. It was Mrs. Thompson who, on November
6, 1906, called a meeting of all the Southern organizations and
formed a Monument Association to carry on the work of rais-
ing funds for this memorial. This work was later taken. over
by the Daughters of the Confederacy in accordance with her
request.
Mrs. Thompson was one of the best-known Daughters of
the Confederacy. She was Life President of Stonewall Jack-
son Chapter, No. 20, which she founded November 7, 1895,
in the District of Columbia many years before any other
Chapter in this Division. In 1903 the Robert E. Lee Chapter
was founded and a little later the Southern Cross. In 1904
the District of Columbia gave to the United Daughters of the
Confederacy another Division, of which Mrs. Thompson was
President for two years, and was then made Honorary Presi-
dent. Several years ago the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy elected her an Honorary President of the organiza-
tion.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
107
I On Sunda> evening, Decembei 5. 1915. the District of Co-
lumbia Division held memorial services for our dear "mother
of the Confederacy" (for as such she was known and loved),
when resolutions were prepared by a committee (of which
Mrs. Wallace Streater was chairman) expressing the great
loss to the Division in her death and grateful appreciation of
the wonderful work she had accomplished and "that her many
virtues, her uniform courtesy, her refined gentleness, her
loyal patriotism, and her broad charity for all humanity dis-
tinguished her as well worthy of our loving memory and as
1 tit example for our emulation."
//•' Dill Si •
II MISS MARGARET BOYLES, FAYETTEVII
The Tennessee Division has walked with heavy heart in the
valley of the shadow during the prolonged and serious illness
of our beloved President, Mrs. J. Norment Powell. The
cheering news now comes that she is steadily, though slowly,
improving — news which, through the magic touch of the di-
vine Alchemist, transforms shadow into sunshine and dark
sorrow into glad rejoicing.
During a long period of illness the editor unavoidably lost
letters from several Chapters without even knowing from
whom they came. She trusts that these Chapters will send
» other reports for the Tennessee page
In the work of the United Daughters of the Confederacy
that of organizing auxiliaries stands second to none; for as
the organization hopes for continuing life through successive
generations, those generations must be bound by systematic
knowledge and thorough training to the Daughters of the
Confederacy, the principles for which it stands, and the ob-
jects for which it lives. The following report from the
Catherine Mitchell Auxiliary, of Murfrecsboro, will be strong-
ly inspirational both to auxiliaries and to Chapter* wishing to
form auxiliaries :
"The Catherine Mitchell Auxiliary to the Murfrecsboro
Chapter was organized in April, 1015. and now has a mem-
bership of between fifty and sixty, all of whom have most
excellent papers. With a few exceptions, their ancestors were
from Murfrccsboro and Rutherford County, and their records
as Confederate soldiers are vouched for by veterans who
knew them. Most of the members are lineal descendants, and
a number of them had both grandfathers in the Confederate
army. One of the girls has mentioned in her paper a great-
grandfather, grandfather, and nine uncles This data, while
not at all necessary, will be much appreciated when these
veterans who can give information of their comrades have
passed away.
"Much interest is shown in the work; and if the Division
could stand by and hear one dear little tot of six sing 'Dixie.'
it would find the children's work north while. 'Dixie,'
printed in the responsive service, is used at every mc<
The programs have been on Confederate heroes, Southern
writers, and Southern history, with papers on Sam Davis.
Raphael Semmes, Father Ryan, and Irwin Russell A splen-
did T.ee program was given on January to.
"Mrs S. H. Mitchell. Tennessee's First Vice President and
Director of the Catherine Mitchell Auxiliary, states that, in
her judgment, the future strength of the U. D. C. lies in the
auxiliaries, from which the present Chapters will later be
filled with interested and purposeful women who know
Southern history."
From its inception the Tennessee Division has labored faith-
fully to build monuments to departed Confederate heroes.
•\n interesting account 1 I thi beginning of the Shiloh monu-
ment conies h 1 hapler, 01 Savannah. In March,
1900, Shiloh Chapter was organized with twenty-six members
for the prime object of erecting a monument to Confederate
soldiers on the battle field of Shiloh, on which there were
many monuments in honor of the Northern dead, but not
one to the Southern heroes who fell on that bloody field.
Shiloh Chapter by consistent effort secured aid from Chap-
ters in other States, and twenty-five dollars a year, later in-
creased to fifty dollars, was given by the Tennessee Division.
Five years elapsed before the matter was placed before the
general organization. At the San Francisco convention of
1905 the U. D. C. voted to take up the work, which it has
carried forward with complete success. Shiloh Chapter has
contributed to the monument over nineteen hundred dollars.
John W. Thomas Chapter, of Monteagle, has undertaken
the very' interesting work of marking the detour road of
Bragg's army by Monteagle, known for years as Bragg's
road. One of the MonteaRle veterans, Mr. S B. Foster, who
was General Bragg's drummer boy, stood near him when he
to view the beautiful landscape This point will be
marked. Dates and appropriate bits of history will be cut
upon huge bowlders lying along the trail.
\ splendid bit of news from the Forrest Chapter, of
Brownsville, tells of the recent sending of eight subscriptions
FEDERATE VETERAN.
Among the Chapters reporting the public observance of
Gen. Robert E. Lee's birthday are the following: John W.
Thomas, of Monteagle; Forrest, of Rrownsvlile; Russell-Hill,
of Trenton; Johnson City Chapter; Abner Baker, of Knox
ville; Kirby Smith, of Sewanee . and Zollicoffer-Fulton, of
Fayetteville.
Zollicoffer-Fulton Chapter, of Fayetteville. has gotten out
an attractive Chapter Yearbook, based both upon the State
Yearbook and Miss Rutherford's Savannah address
COLORADO DIVISION
BY MRS A. H MARTIN, DENVER
Out of the sunshine and shadow of the year that is gone
Colorado Division sends loving greetings to all the Daughters
of the Confederacy and wishes for each Chapter a most pros
perous year
Each year sees the ties of mutual interest grow stronger
among our organizations here in Colorado, and the spirit of
"ready to serve" is universal among the Chapters and Camps
This means more to us, so far away from Southern environ-
than many can realize and brings us nearer together in
furthering our interests and in standing for the truth of our
organizations. These earnest men and women wield a great
influence in whatever community there is a Chapter or Camp.
It was our great pleasure last October to entertain our
President General, members of the Executive Board, and
delegates to the convention at San Francisco. The State
Division gave them a luncheon at the Metropole Hotel after
1 delightful auto ride over the city conducted by Dr. J.
M Norman, Commander of the Beauregard Camp, U. C. V
There is only a small Camp of veterans here; but their in-
tn all our work is unwavering, and their aid in what
ever we undertake can always be counted upon. Dr. Norman
did much to make the day enjoyable for our distinguished
guests by the delightful ride, by his beautiful welcome to
them, and by his courteous attention.
After the luncheon the two Chapters of Denver, the Mar-
garet Davis Hayes and Robert E. Lee, gave a reception for
our visitors, to which the presidents and executive boards of
all the local representative organizations were invited It
io8
Qoqfederat^ l/eterap,
was indeed a pleasant occasion for renewing our acquaintance
and friendship with those coming from the sunny South. At
Pueblo the visitors were again cordially welcomed by the
Nathan B. Forrest Chapter, whose President, Mrs. Rayner,
presented roses to the President General with the love and
good wishes of her Chapter, and the delegates received sou-
venirs of that progressive city.
Colorado received inspiration from this visit of the Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy from every part of our dear South-
land ; and, more than ever, we are proud to be counted as
members of the great organization and to further every ob-
ject for which it was organized. The four Chapters in our
State are accomplishing much along all lines under the able
leadership of their presidents.
There is a Camp of Sons of Veterans at Denver, the Ster-
ling Price, of which A. D. Marshall is Commandant and A.
L. Dodd Adjutant, and it is with pride that we watch its
growth. We were invited to observe Shiloh Day with them
last April, when a delightful program was followed with a
very pleasant social hour.
The State was greatly honored by having our President.
Mrs. Lulu Kingoun Lovell, elected Third Vice President
General at the San Francisco convention. Her devotion to
the organization has long been known, and we appreciate the
honor to our Division in having a member on the General
Executive Board.
Our Division convention was held October 14. with the
Margaret Davis Hayes Chapter, of Denver, as hostess, when
a pleasant and harmonious session was held, great interest
being shown in all the business transacted. A relief fund
was started at the convention, as we have many calls for help
from needy veterans and Confederate women. The Presi-
dent commended most highly the work accomplished during
the year, and especially the loyal support of the officers and
committees, which made every undertaking a success. The
outlook for splendid work during 1916 is bright; and we hope
from time to time to send a word from our Western Division,
of which we are so proud and which tries so earnestly to be
thought worthy.
SOUTH CAROLINA DIVISION.
BY MRS. LOUISE AYER VAND1VER, ANDERSON.
South Carolina Chapters were busy at Christmas time.
Some report having sent Christmas cheer to poor veterans,
to needy mill operatives, and to inmates of county poorhouses.
The happiness given at so little cost of time and money to
the friendless and almost forgotten in many communities
places the Daughters of the Confederacy high in the ranks
of organizations worth while.
The report of Miss Pemberton at the State convention at
Aiken on the work done by children's Chapters shows that
every Chapter and every member is paid up. Three prizes
offered for essays were won by children, their work being
highly creditable. These prizes were: (1) A gold watch,
won by Eloise McLucas, of the J. E. B. Stuart Chapter.
Marion ; (2) "Dixie Book of Days," won by Frances Turner,
of the Angeline Bacon Chapter, Johnson; (3) "Dixie Calen-
dar," won by Williamette Smoak, of W. L. Pou Chapter, St.
Matthews. The children's Chapters have contributed to Ar-
lington, Shiloh, and Cunningham monuments, to scholarships,
and to veterans' relief. The Mary Anna Jackson Chapter,
organized last August, has a six-year-old member. This little
girl, upon being told that she could not join because she could
not write, immediately set herself to learn and signed her
application blanks herself Miss DuRant suggests that the
little boys be organized into Camps, as it is thought that their
interest may be more aroused if they belong to an organiza-
tion that is "like father's." Miss Pemberton suggests that
the time has now come when the children should have a spe-
cial object to work for, and she thinks that a monument to
the boy soldiers of the Confederacy would enlist their interest.
The State Historian, Mrs. C. McC. Patrick, has appointed
four District Historians to work especially in their own sec-
tions, each to report to the State Historian and to be under
her direction. Those appointed are : Mrs. W. R. Brooks,
Ridge District ; Mrs. D. C. Scott, Peedee District ; Mrs. R D.
Wright, Piedmont District; Mrs. Norman Blitch, Edisto Dis-
trict.
The anniversary of General Lee's birth was observed large-
ly by the Chapters of South Carolina — some by special Chap-
ter meetings, some by public exercises in conjunction with the
schools, others by orations in public places or by dinners given
10 the veterans of the community.
THE NEW YORK STATE DIVISION.
BY MRS. JESSE DREW BEALE, HISTORIAN NEW YORK CHAPTER.
The New York State Division comprises three Chapters,
U. D. C. : the New York Chapter (organized in 1897), Mary
Mildred Sullivan Chapter, and the James Henry Parker Chap-
ter (organized by Mrs. Parker in June, 1915, assisted by Mrs.
Alfred Cochran). According to the U. D. C. constitution,
when there are three Chapters in a State a call must be
sent by the parent Chapter to organize a Division. Pursuant
10 a call by Mrs. James A. Parker. President of the New York
Chapter, a meeting was held at the Hotel Astor on January
13, 1916, at which there were twenty-one delegates from the
New York Chapter, three from the Mary Mildred Sullivan
Chapter, and two from the James Henry Parker Chapter, mak-
ing twenty-six delegates and as many alternates. This was a
goodly gathering of earnest, splendid women. Mrs. Parker
as President of the oldest Chapter called the meeting to or-
der. Mrs. Beale, as chairman, read the constitution and by-
laws that had been prepared by the committee, which was
duly considered and adopted. Nothing was contrary to the
general U. D. C. constitution, though one or two changes
were necessary to meet conditions in New York City.
Nominations were made for officers, resulting in the elec-
tion of Mrs. James Henry Parker, President; Mrs. Alfred
Cochran, First Vice President ; Mrs. LeRoy Brown. Second
Vice President ; Mrs. Charles B. Goldsborough, Third Vice
President; Mrs. S. F. Catchings, Recording Secretary; Mrs.
Henry McCorkle, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. James
Harvey Dew, Registrar; Mrs. Jesse Drew Beale, Historian;
Mrs. John S. Wise and Mrs. Cantley, Directors for two years ;
Mrs. L. D. Alexander, Director for one year.
The splendid New York Chapter, No. 103, has been a won-
derful one, really doing the work of a Division, with regular
meetings represented by every State, every woman being
loyal to the State whence she came, always trying to bring
her State to the front in charity and patriotism and even in
marking historic spots. It may be a surprise to learn that
we have some historic Confederate spots in New York. The
New York Chapter gives soon a series of card parties for
the Shiloh monument. The first will be at the lovely home
of the Treasurer, Mrs. F. G. Burke. Our regular meetings
are so filled with work that there is little time for friendly
greetings. We had recently a conversation party, with a large
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
109
attendance, which was greatly enjoyed by all, and we are to
have these teas every third Tuesday afternoon.
The New York State Division was launched with flying
colors, and with 500,000 Southerners in New York City there
will probably be many Chapters organized, and there should
be. Our Division meetings will be held annually on the first
Thursday in October.
THE VIRGINIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. GLASSELL FITZHUGH, CH ARL0TTESV1LLL.
It is a genuine pleasure to report the wonderfully good
work our Division is doing. Albemarle Chapter, No. 1, has
been very busy the past two months. At Christmas small
checks were sent to each of the Albemarle veterans at the
Soldiers' Home. Large baskets laden with the delicacies of
the season were also sent to our town and county veterans.
A bountiful luncheon was served to the veterans on Lee's
birthday. The address by Prof. A. M. Dobie, of the Uni-
versity of Virginia, was the feature of the program for this
occasion, which also included music and recitations.
C. R. Mason Chapter, Stuarts Draft, one of our infant
Chapters, has lately given a delightful banquet for the vet-
erans of its vicinity, at which Capt. James Bumgardner made
a beautiful address. This Chapter is very enthusiastic and
has already ordered minutes of the State convention for each
member.
J. E. B. Stuart Chapter, of Staunton, shows great activity
in the different relief departments, sending $10 toward the
Christinas dinner at the Soldiers' Home, $5 to the Home for
Needy Confederate Women, and $5 to the general relief work.
Besides, baskets were sent to the veterans in the Chap-
ter's own community. This Chapter has also offered to the
pupils of the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind a gold
medal for the best essay on "Matthew Fontaine Maury."
On January 19 the Welby Carter Chapter presented to Mrs.
J. E. Alexander a gold cross, similar to the cross of honor,
with love and appreciation from the Division for the faithful
labors for the men who wore the gray and the women who
honor their memory.
The Smyth County Chapter, as an expression of their ap-
preciation of the honor that had conic to one of their mem-
bers in her election to the presidency of the Virginia Di-
vision, presented Miss N'ecly Preston with the beautiful gold
badge of the U. D. C.
The Amelia Chapter has not been idle. At the State Fair
an attractive booth was fitted up for the veterans as a place
of rest, and refreshments were served to them at all hours.
Baskets were sent by this Chapter to all the veterans and their
families at Christmas. This Chapter is the proud possessor of
a book containing the general orders of Generals Lee, Jack-
son, and Beauregard, and it also contains Lee's first special
order after being appointed commander in chief, presented by
Mr. Chappell, an old soldier.
The President of the Virginia Division has been appointed
by the President General as a member of the Committee on
Indorsement of Books. She has done splendid work along
this line.
Mildred Lee Chapter gave a most interesting entertainment
on Lee's birthday, at which an instructive paper was read on
"Inherited Characteristics of Lee." The program included
the presentation by the Chapter to their efficient Secretary
of a Virginia Division badge in honor of twenty years of
faithful service.
Lee Chapter, of Richmond, gave a pound party in Januar\
at the Home for Needy Confederate Women. This is a cause
which has always had the support not only of Richmond, but
of the entire State.
Hanover Chapter, Ashland, held a joint celebration on Jan-
uary 19 in honor of Lee and Jackson. A beautiful program
was rendered. Dr. R. E. Blackwell, President of Randolph-
Macon College, was the speaker. A touching feature of the
evening was a memorial service to the veteran members who
had passed away since last January. As each name was
called a member of the Junior Chapter placed a red and
white carnation in a vase, and after it was full they sang
very sweetly.
Turner Ashby Chapter commemorated the one hundred
and ninth anniversary of Lee's birthday, assisted by the S. B.
Gibbs Camp and the Sons. A pleasing feature was the sing-
ing of a number of old selections by one hundred girls from
the State Normal School.
Wade Chapter served dinner to two hundred veterans on
Lee's birthday, after which singing and speaking were in-
dulged in. Dr. Henry Battle made a most eloquent address
before a large audience.
THE OFFICIAL BAD
My Dear Chapter President.': and Daughters: As Second
Vice President General l" D. C. and Custodian of tin
C. Official Badge, 1 would very much appreciate your effort
and influence in urging members of your Chapter and other
1'. D C. friends to secure these badges
It seems to me that every Daughter would feel that she
must avail herself of the privilege that is hers and wear our
V. D. C. badge of honor, recognized wherever seen as a sym-
bol of the valor, loyalty, self-sacrifice, and dauntless courage
of our Confederate ancestry.
It is my earnest wish to make this a record-breaking year
in the sale of badges. Will not von and your members help
make this wish come true?
I have a full supply of badge permits, which I shall be glad
to send upon request ; and orders for badges, with and with-
out the bar. will be filled by return mail
Yours sincerely, Elizabeth B Bashinsky, lr<>\. Ma
FROM THE OFFICIAL EDITOR.
Mrs. Dunbar Rowland, former Historian of the Mississippi
Division, with a most able committee composed of former
Ifnt General Mrs. Daisy McLaurin Stevens. State Di-
vision President Mrs. Virginia R. Price, President of the
Jackson Chapter Mrs. W. H. Waddell, former State Presi-
dent Mrs. Rose. Mrs C. M. Williamson, ami others (including
the U. D. C. Editor), has been using heroic efforts with the
legislature now in session to secure an appropriation to re-
store the old State capitol. which is fast falling into ruins
This historic old building, which has echoed the voices of
Jefferson Davis, Prentiss, and Lamar, should be made a shrine
for future generations, as well as this, and be an object of
love and pride, as the people venerate the homes of Washing-
ton, Lee, and Jefferson, and as the Texans love the Alamo
The general sentiment, including that of Gov. Theodore Bil-
bo, is for the restoration of this handsome old Statehouse.
[Mrs. L C. Perkins, Official Editor, is now located perma
nently at 202 North Street, Jackson, Miss.]
I 10
^oijfederat^ l/eteraij.
Ibistoiian General's IPaoe
BV MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD. ATHENS. GA
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR APRIL, 1916
Memorial Day in the South
Ritual.
1. Who first suggested Memorial Day? Relate the incident.
2. Why were Memorial Associations formed in the South?
Why were Ladies' Aid Societies organized during the War
between the States?
J. In what respect does the work of the U. D. C. differ from
that of the Memorial Association?
4. What monuments in your town or city were erected by
the Ladies' Memorial Association, and what by the U. D. C. ?
5. Why was April 26 chosen for Memorial Day? Why
changed in some States?
6. What should be done for the veterans on Memorial Day?
What does your Chapter do?
7. Who has the right to bestow crosses of honor, the Me-
morial Association or Daughters of the Confederacy? Why?
8. Who first suggested the cross of honor? Where does
she live?
9. Do the veterans prize this cross? Give instances showing
that they do.
Reading: "Cover Them Over with Beautiful Flowers."
(Will Carleton.)
"Cover them over with beautiful flowers ;
Deck them with garlands, these brothers of ours.
Lying so silent by night and by day.
Sleeping the years of their manhood away ;
Cover them over — yes, cover them over — '
Parent and husband and brother and lover.
Crown in your heart these dead heroes of ours
And cover them over with beautiful flowers."
C. OF. C. PROGRAM FOR APRIL. 1916.
Memorial Day, April 26.
Ritual.
1. Why do we observe Memorial Day? By whom sug-
gested?
2. Is it right to make it a day of pleasure?
3. Let each child tell of the grandfather that was a Con-
federate soldier. If killed in battle, name and describe.
4. What do the Children of the Confederacy do for the
veterans on Memorial Day?
5. Urge every child to have a Confederate flag to plape on
some soldier's grave that day.
WHY THE LADIES' AID SOCIETIES, LADIES' ME-
MORIAL ASSOCIATIONS, DAUGHTERS OF
THE CONFEDERACY?
The Ladies' Aid Societies were organized all over the
South when the War between the States became a certainty.
Patriotic women began to buy material to make clothing for
the soldiers, then to knit socks and to cut up carpets for im-
provised covering in the camps, and this work continued until
the surrender. The best in the homes went to the front for
the brave soldier boys; not only the best to wear, but the best
to eat. When the surrender was forced and the troops came
marching home, they found homes depleted or burned or de-
stroyed ; and but for the note of cheer sounded by the women
of the South, these things would have been gloomy indeed.
They put their loving arms about those dear ones and said :
"We think it is better for you to have fought and failed
rather than not to have fought at all."
Ladies' Memorial Associations were then organized to take
the place of the Ladies' Aid Societies, and these were for the
purpose of collecting the bodies of the fallen heroes buried on
the battle fields and placing them on lots near by, so that the
graves should be kept green and flowers lovingly placed upon
them. Several States contend for the honor of first placing
the flowers upon the heroes' graves and first organizing Me-
morial Associations. These claims are being kept and placed
side by side in Volume XV. of "Disputed Points in Confed-
erate History."
Very soon monuments were erected over these buried braves,
and there are in the South to-day more monuments to the
Confederate soldiers than have been erected to any other sol-
diers who fought in any other war. Romney, W. Va., has the
honor of erecting the first monument in 1866.
The 26th of April, the day Gen. Joseph E. Johnston sur-
rendered, was chosen and set apart by the action of the legis-
lature of Georgia as Memorial Day. This day was chosen
because throughout the South the wild flowers are then in
perfection and the roses and snowballs are in full bloom.
The States farther north of Georgia were obliged later to
choose a day in May or June because of the dearth of flowers
with them. But one day in the year is chosen all over the
Southland. On this Memorial Day the heroic deeds of the
Confederate soldier are held up before the youth of the land,
for admiration and emulation, by some great orator selected
for that occasion. Then a procession is formed, and all lov-
ingly march to the graves to place thereon the floral tributes.
This work belongs especially to the Memorial Associations,
but they are always aided by the Veterans and Daughters of
the Confederacy. Usually the Daughters prepare a dinner
for the veterans, as on that day some come great distances
to attend these exercises. Many are now too feeble to join in
the "line of march" on foot to the cemetery, so the members
of the Memorial Associations arrange for them to ride in
carriages or automobiles.
A broader work came for the women of our Southland,
and the vision was caught, and the association of Daughters
of the Confederacy was formed. This body of women was
organized in 1894, and their work became educational, for the
children and grandchildren of Confederate lineage must be
educated ; historical, for the true history of the causes that
led to the War between the States must be written so that
the world shall know that, while overpowered, we were never
defeated ; benevolent, for many of our veterans lost all their
living by the results of war, so their widows must be cared
for, and homes for the veterans must be provided ; social, so
that annually the Daughters should meet in convention, not
only to discuss the problems presented, but also to renew
associations with others in pleasant intercourse.
Then came the thought of the cross of honor, and it became
the privilege of the Daughters to bestow these crosses of
honor upon the worthy Confederate heroes. The Ladies'
Memorial Associations have no right to bestow the cross of
honor save by courtesy from the Daughters of the Confederacy.
The veterans show their appreciation of this cross of honor
by grieving greatly if it is ever their misfortune to lose it.
No one but the veteran upon whom it is bestowed has the
right to wear this cross ; and if a widow, son, or daughter
ever wears it, the sacred pledge taken when it was received
is violated, and the right to retain it is forfeited.
Qonfederat^ l/eterai).
in
Confeberateb Southern Memorial association
Mr
Mr
Miss
Miss
Mks.
Mrs.
, President
W. J. BEH AN
New Orleans, La.
John E. M ajcweli Treasurer
. AU.
Daisy M. L, Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
MarV \. H m.i Historian
j 137 Greene Street, A igusta, <-a.
]. Kn-pkhs KniiiwN Carretfton ling Secretary
113 Third Street South, 1. l< n ond, Va.
Virginia Frazeh Boyli Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham, Ala,
VICE PRESIDENTS
AA — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas — Favetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pei Mrs 1 Lorace L. Simpson
i \— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Orleans Mrs. James Pin kins
Mississippi — Vicksb rg Mrs. K. C. Carroll
Miss.n ki — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. YV:irner
North C utoi in 1— Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Janes
1 Carolina— Charleston Mr ckwlth
Tens ! Mm. Charles W. Fra/er
Virgini k— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davi
THE CONFEDERATE SOUTHERN MEMORIAL
ASSOCIATION OF MISSOURI.
BY MRS. G K. WARNER. VICE PRESIDENT C. S. M. A. FOR MISSOURI.
In the spring of 1900 the Confederate Southern Memorial
Association of Missouri came into being. Mrs. Leroy B.
Valliant, of St. Louis, attending as a guest the general con-
vention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association
held in Louisville at the Gait House, was so impressed by the
reports of the different Associations at this convention that
she determined on her return home to organize a Confederate
Southern Memorial Association in Missouri, which she did
on May 30, 1900, of which she, Mrs. Jennie Edwards, Mrs
Celeste Pine, Mrs. Kate Walker, and many other prominent
women of St. Louis were charter members. The name of
the "Confederate Southern Memorial and Literary S
of Missouri" was bestowed upon the organization. Its ob-
jects were historical, memorial, and benevolent. The or-
ganization grew rapidly in numbers and did splendid work.
Mrs Valliant was much encouraged by this success and
decided to organize such Associations in other towns in Mis
souri, which she did at Springfield, Nevada, Alton, Cape
Girardeau, and several other places. I In v all succeeded in
their work for years. Finally the Daughters of the Confed-
eracy came into existence in Missouri, and many of the
tin mbers of the C. S. M. A. became members of this organi-
zation, the Daughters of the Confederacy having the same
objects for their organization, which grew in numbers and in-
creased strength throughout the State. After a few years of
membership in both organizations, it was decided that, as
the objects and work of both were the same, there was no
necessity for the existence of both organizations. So finally,
one by one, the Confederate Southern Memorial Associa-
tions passed out of existence, leaving but one association in
the State, the Samuel S. Harris Memorial Association, of
Cape Girardeau. This Association remains loyal, loving, and
faithful to the principles of the Confederated Southern Me-
morial Association Although few in numbers, its members
are as many in the performance of their duties and are ac-
complishing much good along the lines of memorial, benevo-
lent, historical, and educational work. They have organized
a Confederate Memorial Junior Society, which is also pros-
pering. They are vigilant regarding the true history of the
South as to its position, not only in regard to the War be-
tween the States, but in every matter pertaining to its pres-
ent, past, and future in the United States of America.
They see that correct histories of the South are selected and
used with the other textbooks of their schools, and they ob-
serve with suitable ceremonies all days of importance to
the South in memory of the heroes who wore the gray and
are ever busv in kindlv deeds
ALABAMA'S MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS.
BY MRS. MARV GRAVES LEE. VICE PRESIDENT
Alabama is not living up to the generally accepted mean-
ing of her name, "Here we rest"; for we fully realize that in
June all trains bearing veterans will lead to Birmingham.
So the twelve Memorial Associations of the State, like the
twelve apostles of old, are up and about their work
As State Vice President I have full confidence in the co-
operation and loyalty of my various Associations. They ever
stand for peace and harmony and to grow and to strengthen
the cause for which they organized. "The mystic chain from
grave to grave binds our hearts for evermore."
Camden, with her faithful band of loyal women, will greet
her beloved President, Mrs. Behan. "lest they forget" that
gave their lives for us, and the measure of their death
rowning glory of their lives."
Boligee will come to renew her pledge : "While life lasts
we will be true to the memory of our Confederate dead, who
sacrificed their all in
Florence Association comes extending the right hand of
love in sincere greeting, thinking of her beautiful monument
of Carrara marble and the statue sta
is over" and "Glory stands beside our grief."
Gainesville, with her determined, loyal, and devoted women,
will come to the Birmingham Reunion with her torches
burning as brightly a= when first lighted in the sixties. They
will thrill our Junior Memorials as they tell of the brave
young hero Sam Davi^
Union Springs Association still numbers among its mem-
bers some of the grand dames of the sixties. These mothers,
wives, and daughters of those who fought for "the storm-
cradled nation that fell" still care for the living veterans, and
the graves of these are zealously watched over Memorial
Day is always observed.
Marion, like General Marion— "her band is few, but true
and tried" ; her cause is good and grand ; the graves of her
soldiers are carefully preserved ; and their monument, erected
to "The Unreturned Dead." is beautifully garlanded each
26th.
The First White House Association 1- a grand orgamza-
md should be Alabama's pride. As a Confederate
museum and library its worth to the South is beyond price.
The Association owns many valuable relics given by Mrs
Davis.
The Ladies' Memorial Association of Montgomery, of which
I had the honor of being elected Honory Life President upon
resigning as its President, is the oldest organized patriotic
association in the South This honor comes to us as a legal
right, for it was born in the "Cradle of the Confederacy"
Our members never falter for want of interest How could
1 iiiM'-l ,,t. |i;il-<
112
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
THE FAILURE OF THE CONFEDERACY-HAS IT A
BLESSING*
BY JAMES H. M'NEILLY, D.D., NASHVILLE, TF.NN.
(Conlinnt'i) from February number.)
What Has Emancipation Done iok the Negro?
Nearly half a century has passed since Mr. Lincoln issued
the Emancipation Proclamation, which was welcomed by the
abolitionists as a long-delayed act of justice to a downtrodden
and cruelly oppressed race. The result of the war confirmed
the Proclamation and placed in the South four millions of
citizens whose only means of support was their daily labor,
and the only constraint that had required and directed that
labor was removed. The freedman was at liberty to work or
not at his own sweet will; and, like children, their will was
oftener to play than to work. Their condition, of course, ap-
pealed to the heart of philanthropy, and throughout the North
there was a sincere desire to help and an honest effort to fit
the new citizens for citizenship.
Unfortunately, the prevailing type of philanthropy sought
to compensate the negro for his long years of "unrequited
toil," and so made him feel that, as his labor had made the
wealth of the South, he was entitled to possess it without
further "toil." There was much of this philanthropy that
had ears only for the extravagant falsehoods about the hor-
rors of slavery, but had no eyes to see nor tears to shed
over the injustice and oppression in the mines and mills of
the North, making white women and children more abject and
miserable slaves than negroes had ever been. And as a con-
sequence the Southern people, who were best fitted to help
the freedman, were treated as enemies to him, and they also
came to look on all Northern philanthropy as only hypocrisy
Under these conditions let us note what has been done.
The political benefactors of the negro gave him the ballot
and secured for him theoretical equality and civil rights under
the laws. This has been supplemented by large and much-
heralded gifts in money by Northern men for educational pur-
poses. They have also taught him that they are the saints
and his best friends and that he is their equal socially. They
for a long time from a distance coddled him with their tender
solicitude for his rights. Some even went so far as to hope
for the day when "black heels should trample on the necks
of haughty Southern white people." In a word, the victorious
North, trying for years to compensate the negro for imaginary
wrongs, would bestow on him, even force on him, without re-
gard to his fitness or capacity, every right and privilege which
the white man enjoys.
On the other hand, the Southern States have shown them-
selves real friends by expending over one hundred and
twenty-five millions of dollars on the education of the negro,
and that money was raised by taxes freely levied on themselves
by an impoverished people. While they have resisted with
indignation any assertion of social equality or intermingling
of races and are determined that the political control of the
government shall be in the hands of white men, yet they have
given the negroes every facility for work and for gaining
property.
Results.
What have been the results on the condition and character
of the negroes as a race? Has their physical and moral im-
provement been commensurate with the vast sums spent on
them by philanthropy and by legal enactment? The half cen-
tury of freedom has been a period of wonderful advance-
ment, of achievements in the arts and sciences, in discoveries
and inventions, of marvelous progress in wealth and material
prosperity. This is very marked in the South, and it is largely
attributed to the deliverance of white and black from the
"curse" of negro slavery. It is assumed that it could never
have come to us if the Confederacy had succeeded.
Far be it from me to minimize what many negroes have ac-
complished or to question the sincerity of the efforts made
by Northern people in their behalf. I can rejoice in the edu-
cational facilities that have been provided, and I can honor
the work of such leaders of their people as Booker Washing-
ton and W. H. Councill. But the question is, Are they as a
race as well off physically, morally, and spiritually as they
were in slavery? And would the actual benefits that have
come to individuals not have come to the race under the con-
ditions established by the success of the Confederacy? It
seems to me that the vast majority have not shared the ma-
terial advantages of the new order and are not as comfortable
physically as they were under the old system of "unrequited
toil."
It cannot be truthfully charged that this backwardness is
due to the Southern white man's unfair dealing with or op-
pression of the negro ; for it is notorious that the doors of
opportunity to make a living are more open to the negro in
the South than they are in the North, and there has been no
bar to any decent, industrious negro gaining and owning as
much property as he can honestly gain. Moreover, the dis-
position of our people to help the weaker and backward race
has been shown in their refusal to cut down the appropria-
tions for negro schools to the amount of taxes paid by the
negroes themselves.
Legal Rights.
Much is made of the fact that certain rights are guaran-
teed now to the negro by the law of the land. Civil rights
bills, constitutional amendments, are emphasized as evidences
of race progress. But it is true everywhere, North as well
as South, that when two widely different races live under the
same laws, whatever rights the law may accord the weaker,
it can actually exercise these rights only as the stronger will
allow, and in any case of conflict the weaker is helpless. The
dealings of the white man of the United States with the In-
dians is a case in point. No treaty nor legal enactment has
prevented the paleface from appropriating the red man's
lands on his own terms. I do not say it is right; but it is a
fact.
Now in the case of the negro the law of the land has sup-
planted the old relations ; and the fact that he stands as an
equal before the law seems to release the white man from the
higher law of noblesse oblige, which was largely recognized
by the slaveholder in the former days. Then cruelty to help-
less and- dependent negroes was counted dishonorable and
cowardly, and public opinion condemned it. Moreover, the
higher law that exacted kindness to the weak was reenforced
by the sentiments of affection subsisting between master and
servant.
Now the tendency of the present generation of negroes is
to look upon the Southern white man as an enemy and to
assert their rights aggressively, if not insolently, being too
often put up to it by politicians or pseudo-philanthropists.
One must recognize the danger when race prejudice is ag-
gravated by contempt on one side and hatred on the other.
Spiritual Conditions.
But whatever may be the material results of emancipation,
a more important question is, What has been its effect on the
Qor?federat^ 1/eteraQ.
113
character and spiritual condition of the race? I believe that,
however great may be the evils of man's earthly condition,
whether as slave or as freedman, there is a remedy in the
application of the principles of the gospel of our Lord Jesus
Christ. If his Spirit control, whether white man or black, it
is the power to solve difficulties and bring harmony between
the races.
But here the difficulties are multiplied and the questions
complicated by the defects of the religious teachings and in-
fluences which direct the spiritual life of the negro. Believ-
ing that spiritual interests are of chief importance to the real
welfare of any race or people, we inquire whether the negro
has been helped or harmed spiritually by emancipation. Has
his character in the sight of God been elevated or depressed
by the religious instruction and training he has received as a
freeman? Is he a higher type of man now than he was as
a slave? It is true that probably one-third of the race are
members of their own Churches : and as a rule, and naturally,
they prefer the ministrations of their own preachers, how-
ever ignorant, to the service of Southern white ministers.
I recognize with thankfulness that many of their religious
leaders are men of piety and learning, and I believe that we,
the Southern whites, should do all we can for the spiritual
progress of the mass of the negroes. But the question wo
are considering is, Was emancipation best for their spiritual
interests? And if the Confederacy had succeeded, would not
those interests have been better cared for? While there are
many sincere Christians among them whose lives are con-
sistent, yet generally the profession of religion with them has
small influence on their lives and characters. The tendency
to return to the dark superstitions and the strange rites of
their barbarous ancestors seems to be marked where they are
left to their own exercise of their religious ideals and are
separated most from the influence and contact with the white
people.
The Old-Time Religion.
In the thirty or forty years just before the war the negroes
had the ministrations of able white ministers on the great
plantations and in the families of their masters. The South-
ern Churches of all denominations recognized their responsi-
bility for the spiritual instruction and training of the slaves,
and as a consequence the system of plantation missions of the
Methodist Church from 1829 to 1865 led probably a million
slaves to Christ as a Saviour. Other Churches were diligent
in the same work, the Baptist Church and the Methodist
Church at the close of the war having each about a quarter of
a million communicants. The amount expended by the white
people of the South in this period for negro evangelization
was about four millions of dollars. The present generation
of the South seem ignorant of what was done by their
fathers for the bringing of the slaves to Christianity. It is
probable that the real spiritual condition of the half a mil-
lion slave communicants was superior to that of the three mil-
lions of freedmen Church members of to-day, with the wild
orgies and superstitious rites of so many of them.
There is no doubt in the mind of the Southerner who knew
the old order that in the elements that go to make high and
true character the present generation of negroes, with their
pertness, conceit, idleness, shirking of responsibility, lack of
trustworthiness, is distinctly inferior to the old-time slave,
with his affection for his "white folks," his pride in the family
of which he was a part, his faithfulness to a trust, his loyalty
and devotion to the interests of the family, his instinctive
sense of propriety, and his fine manners The "mammies"
3**
and "daddies," the "uncles" and "aunties" of those days de-
served all the confidence and affection given them by every
member of the household.
As a general rule, the slavery of the South was a life of
patriarchal simplicity, with contentment and peace, free from
the sharp competitions of trade and the struggle for a living
I seriously doubt if any advantage of freedom as now exer-
cised, with its anxiety for food and raiment and shelter, can
compensate for the loss of the old-time relationship. Now it
is jealousy and suspicion, breaking out in frequent conflicts
with assassinations and lynchings.
Present Conditions
Emancipation is an accomplished fact, and there is no de-
sire on the part of the Southern people to reduce the negroes
to bondage again even if such a thing were possible. The
theory of liberty or of human rights which the abolitionists
asserted as a ground for emancipation triumphed. That
triumph forced on the country the most difficult and danger-
ous of all political and social questions, the adjustment of
the relations of two races as widely different in physical
mental, and moral characteristics as it is possible for human
persons to be.
After all the years of endeavor and the trying of all kinds
of nostrums, constitutional amendments, military interference,
educational foundations. Church amalgamation, the Northern
people, who are honest and who assumed to be the divinely
appointed guardians of the negro, are beginning to realize
their failure; and after having forced the issue on the South.
after deceiving the negro with their false professions of love
for him, after filling his mind with false ideas of his rights,
after teaching him that as the ward of the nation he was en-
titled to a support, after destroying his confidence in the
Southern white man, they now complacently announce that
it is the South's problem, and it is magnanimously turned
over to her to settle.
We should be glad to have the intermeddling cease and to
address ourselves to the question. But there are two in-
fluences that refuse to keep their hands off. One is the Puri-
tan conscience that insists on its theory of liberty and human
rights being preserved intact; the other is the Northern poli-
tician to whom the negro vote is a political asset that must
under no circumstances be eliminated; and to both the Fif-
th Amendment is the sum of righteous philosophy and the
palladium of political liberty. Between them they have taught
the masses a theory of liberty which is the source of the an-
archy that is growing all over our land.
Surely we have no reason to rejoice that the triumph of the
Union armies freed the negroes and laid upon us these dan-
gerous and difficult questions to settle.
Destruction of State Sovereignty.
A second result of the war for which we are expected to
be thankful was the destruction of the sovereignty of the
States, with its necessary consequence, the right of a State to
secede from the Union when she judged that to be the only
remedy for the violation of her rights. This right of seces-
sion had been time and again asserted and threatened by New
England before the war. and it was claimed as a protection
against alleged Southern aggressions. Yet when the war came
on and ever since the action of the Southern States in seced-
ing has been denounced in unmeasured terms of abuse by all
classes in the North, from politicians to preachers, by teach-
ers, poets, historians, essayists, editors, orators, as a wicked
H4
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
and causeless rebellion, an attempt on "the life of the nation,"
an effort to destroy "the best government the world ever
saw," and to cause "government of the people, by the people,
and for the people to perish from the earth."
Unquestionably the triumph of the Union forces and the
overthrow of the Confederacy established the Federal gov-
ernment as the ultimate authority in any controversy as to the
rights of the States against the central government or against
each other. And in accepting the arbitrament of war the
South surrendered the right of secession. She bowed to
superior force and became part of a nation rather than of
a federated republic. And we are told that this victory of
centralization is a blessing to the South as well as to the
whole country.
The Original Plan of the Union.
It is said that the war settled the interpretation of the Con-
stitution on a point that had been in dispute since the founda-
tion of the government — that is, whether a State was to be
the ultimate judge of the remedy for a violation of its rights
by either the central or the other State governments or that
the central government must decide whether rights have been
violated and what is the remedy. Now, as a fact, that point
was never in dispute until long after the adoption of the Con-
stitution, when certain sectional interests found that they
could best promote their power by insisting on the cen-
tralizing theory, which was always repudiated by the South.
If there is any historical statement true beyond question, it
is that the fathers and founders of the republic and the
framers of its Constitution intended strictly to limit the
sphere and powers of the central government and to guard
most carefully the rights of the States. The Federal govern-
ment was the agent of the States for the purpose of carrying
out the terms of the compact which constituted tjiem a Union.
The Constitution was the bond of union, and it defined the
powers granted to the agent with the express stipulation that
all powers not granted were reserved to the States. In the
convention that framed the Constitution the debates turned
largely on the relations of the Federal to the State govern-
ment, and the fear was great of a centralized authority that
should ultimately encroach on the rights of the States and
deprive them of their autonomy. This fear caused several
of the States to hesitate long before adopting the Constitu-
tion. New York and Virginia made it a condition of enter-
ing the Union that they could secede if they found that their
interests demanded it, and North Carolina and Rhode Island
remained out of the Union for a considerable time afler its
establishment between the other States.
It is true that Daniel Webster in his great debates with
Hayne and Calhoun in 1832-33 denied that the Union was a
compact, and he was by the North acclaimed the victor in
those great debates and dubbed "Expounder of the Consti-
tution." Yet nearly twenty years after he acknowledged his
error, and his latest biographer, Senator Lodge, of Massa-
chusetts, declares that the force of the argument was with his
great opponents, thus confessing that each State adopted the
Constitution as a distinct, separate sovereign party to a com-
pact between the States which granted the Federal govern-
ment as their agent certain portions of their sovereignty. And
it could only exercise sovereignty in the limited sphere which
they granted it. But lo. the change! As a result of the war
and of a long series of encroachments the Federal govern-
ment has become supreme, and the States can only exercise
such sovereign powers as it may allow to them.
The South resisted these encroachments, and she fought
for the Constitution as it was originally adopted and for the
rights of all the States. She was defeated, and her defeat
meant a radical revolution in the nature of our government
from a Federal republic to a centralized nation. And this
fact is recognized by the Northern speakers and writers gen-
erally, who emphasize and glory in the fact that this is a
nation. It reminds one of the demand of the children of
Israel three thousand years ago for a king that their distinct
tribes might be "like all the nations." (1 Samuel viii.) And
it may profit us to read the warning of the ancient prophet
who foretold the oppressions to which the centralized power
would subject the people.
Before we boast of the change that has been accomplished
with us, we should remember that the history of liberty shows
it in constant conflict with centralized power. When our
armies surrendered, we accepted in good faith the new gov-
ernment that was forced upon us, and we have been and are
loyal to it as that which in the providence of God is now the
established civil and lawful government, and it is our duty
to labor for its peace and prosperity. But when the Confed-
erate flag was furled in defeat it was the winding sheet of
the republic of the fathers.
A Rope of Sand.
It has been objected to the theory of State sovereignty and
the right of secession that it makes the government a rope of
sand; that if each State has the right to determine for itself
what are radical and fundamental violations of the compact
and also what is the only remedy even to the point of seced-
ing, then the Union would be dissolved at the whim or caprice
of any State which imagined it had a grievance. But what
we are asserting is not that there was no danger of friction;
only this was the theory or the plan that was actually adopted,
and on the faith of this theory of State sovereignty the States
entered the Union. If they exercised the right and did secede,
(here was no authority to coerce them to remain in the Union.
And while encroachments by the Federal government or vio-
lations of the compact by the States justified secession, the
attempt to coerce was a deliberate trampling underfoot of
the Constitution.
Yet as an actual fact the prosperity of the country in every
line until the war was the wonder of the world, and the gov-
ernment was controlled by States' rights men. The denial of
the original theory of the Constitution as a compact between
sovereign States has been the fruitful source of aggressions
on the rights of the States. If the general government and
the States had thoroughly recognized that violations of the
sovereign rights of any State would result in the withdrawal
of that State from the Union and that each State was the
ultimate judge to determine when secession would be justi-
fied, then there would have been greater care to avoid even
the semblance of violations. And, on the other hand, in the
very nature of the case, secession would be the last remedy
resorted to. Only when its grievances became unbearable,
its rights persistently denied, and the advantages of Union
nullified by injustice would any State withdraw, and that
because there was no other way to preserve its honor and its
rights — indeed, its life.
This was the point to which the Southern people had come.
They had submitted to aggressions of the central govern-
ment, to flagrant denial of their constitutional rights by the
Northern States, to abuse, misrepresentation, and denuncia-
tion by a large number of the Northern people. They had
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
"5
seen a sectional party organized on the platform of opposi-
tion to their social and domestic life and system of labor and
pledged to deny them equal rights in the territories gained
largely by their valor and statesmanship. They saw that
party grow in power until it controlled the Northern States
and under forms of law gained control of the central govern-
ment by the election of a sectional President. They felt that
submission had reached the limit, and the only remedy was to
withdraw from a Union which had become a menace to their
dearest rights.
That they did not misunderstand the purpose of the party
in power is evident from the honors paid to the memory of
John Brown, who was hanged for invading the State of Vir-
ginia and striving to arouse the slaves to insurrection. There
was mourning, with draped churches, in many Northern com-
munities the day he was hanged. His execution was com-
pared to Christ's crucifixion. During the war the Union sol-
diers chanted his dirge as they marched through the South.
pillaging and burning as they marched. After the war the
bodies of his associates were disinterred and buried with
the honors of war by United States soldiers by order of Mr.
Root, Secretary of War in Mr. McKinley's Cabinet. John
Brown's home was made by the State of New York a shrine
of patriotism, and President McKinley was present at the
l( dication. The State of Kansas dedicated a park to his
memory at Osawatomie, the scene of some of his abolition
outrages. Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt was the orator
of the occasion and glorified the murderer and assassin as a
hero entitled to the nation's gratitude.
Under all the circun (o ask the Southern people to
rejoice in the dishonor done to their States is to ask them
to stultify themselves and to acknowledge that the fathers
of the republic were lacking in wisdom and patriotism in re-
serving sovereignty to the States. It is asking us to confess
that the abolitionists were right in refusing to be bound by
the Constitution and in denying the equality of the Southern
States.
The Courts as Arbitrators.
It is claimed that State sovereignty was not abolished by
the war; but only the Supreme Court of the United States
was made the final judge of the complaint of any State
against the general government and of the remedy instead
of the State itself being the judge. And so it is held that
sovereignty remains to the States in the sphere reserved to
them originally — that is, in all local matters. But the ques-
tion comes at once, when a controversy arises as to what in-
terests are purely local, Who is to settle it ? The answer is,
The United States Supreme Court. But that is simply a
branch of the Federal government, and it thus turns out that
one of the parties to a compact is the sole final judge of the
terms, meaning, and application of the compact. Thus by
a decree of a Federal court the Federal government can inter-
fere in a State's local affairs As a fact, the machinery' of a
State government has been stayed or suspended by the man-
date of a Federal judge, and the United States Supreme Court
can set aside the decree of a State Supreme Court on a claim
of Federal jurisdiction. It is idle to talk of State sovereignty
when then is above it a power which can determine when or
whether that sovereignty shall be exercised.
But there are cases wherein great injustice may be done to
certain States or sections by the action of the Federal govern-
ment, and yet the Supreme Court cannot interfere or act in
the premises. A territory may have every qualification for
Statehood, and yet a partisan majority in Congress may re-
fuse to grant it for political or partisan reasons. Or a terri-
tory may lack every qualification for admission as a State, and
yet Congress my grant Statehood to meet some partisan
exigency. This state of things has occurred. The celebrated
Missouri Compromise was the unconstitutional condition on
which that great State could enter the Union as a slave
State; and Nevada, a mining camp, a mere pocket borough,
was admitted in 1864 to all the privileges of Statehood with
a population less than forty thousand. Yet what power could
force Congress to do justice in either case?
Mr. Jefferson's Fears.
Thomas Jefferson was. among the fathers of the republic,
the great apostle of States' rights. He expressed the gravest
apprehension of danger to our form of government from the
encroachments of the Federal judiciary as the most insidious
peril to which it would be exposed. It is a matter of histi
that the centralizing theories of Jefferson's brilliant rival.
Alexander Hamilton, received their most effective support
from the decisions of our greatest chief justice, John Mar-
shall, who was a Federalist.
Indeed, it has been freely charged that the party of cen-
tralization, which has been in power most of the time since
the war. has been greatly aided in its efforts by Supreme
Court decisions which were secured by executive appointment
of judges known bo favor the largest extension of Federal
authority. In recent times President Roosevelt and his able
Secretary of State. Mr. Root, have intimated in public
1 lies that State opposition to any policy contrary to its
rights can be set aside by means of the Supreme Court's in-
terpretation of the Constitution. This means that the court
makes the law.
It is said that the supreme nidges, as they are appointed
for life and are independent of political changes, arc impar-
tial and would hold the balance fairly between conflicting
claims of Federal and State jurisdiction. But history ct
judiciary both in England and in the United States shows
that where political questions are at issue the judges are
apt to be influenced by the interests of the political party ap-
pointing them. In the disgraceful rape of the Presidency in
1877, which trampled on the rights of 1 -hern States-
Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida — the electoral com-
mission which seated Mr. Hayes was composed of members
of the Senate, of the House of Represcir nd of the
Supreme Court, and in every case each question that came
up was decided by a strictly partisan vote, and the jud
went with their party associates.
Devotion to States' Rights Not Ennui ion.
The most devoted advocates of States' rights were not ene-
mies of the Union. On the other hand, they believed that a
strict observance of the limits of the Federal authority as
prescribed by the Constitution and insistence on the reserved
rights of the States was the only effective way to preserve a
Union worth having — a Union adapted to the administration
of government over such wide and diversified territory, such
varied interests, and such differing populations as the United
States; a Union that would secure equality of political rights
for the States against the irresponsible tyranny of a fanatical
popular majority which might seek to oppress any State or
section.
It has been the fashion with writers of the New England
school to characterize the great South Carolina statesman,
n6
^ogfederat^ l/eterap.
John C. Calhoun, as the archenemy of the Union, and some
even charge him with conspiring for its overthrow even while
they admit his honesty and personal purity. Yet his assertion
of State sovereignty was inspired by love for the Union as
much as by his desire to protect his State from unjust legis-
lation by a factional majority in Congress.
New England's Dislovaltv.
It is one of the ironies of history that the section which has
been in recent years loudest in its boast of loyalty to the
Union and in its denunciation of States' rights was the first
to assert the doctrine and invoke its protection when it be-
lieved its material interests were imperiled by the acts of the
Federal government. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 was
opposed with the threat of secession by the New England
States. The War of 1812 with England, called our second
war of independence, aroused such feeling against the gen-
eral government that not only did New England governors
refuse to furnish their quota of troops, but the notorious
Hartford Convention, which, according to the testimony of
John Quincy Adams, was planning a dissolution of the Union,
failed of its further sitting only because of the close of the
war. Again, when war with Mexico was declared, the same
John Quincy Adams wrote that it was just ground for a dis-
solution of the Union; and in 1845 the legislature of Massa-
chusetts indorsed his position by official action, asserting her
sovereignty.
Yet when South Carolina interposed her authority as a
sovereign State to protect her people against the unjust and
oppressive tariff measures of 1832, she was denounced by the
New England States as guilty of treason. President Jack-
son's intense love for the Union was used to advance New-
England's interests against the South with threats of force
to coerce a sovereign State, and war was averted only by a
modification of the objectionable measures. To this day
Northern writers and speakers tell of South Carolina's back-
down and glorify Jackson's patriotism, although the truth is
that there was no backdown, and the President trampled on
the principles of his own party.
Surely it comes with poor grace from Northern people to
condemn South Carolina as the enemy of the Union when
many of their States, especially those of New England origin,
passed personal liberty bills intended to nullify not merely an
act of Congress, but one of the plainest provisions of the Con-
stitution. Yet by a perversion of history and deliberate con-
cealment of facts New England is held up as the pattern of
loyalty to our "glorious Union."
Consent of the Governed.
The defeat of the Confederate States and their enforced
submission to the government of the United States was the
setting aside and subversion of one of the foundation prin-
ciples on which the Union was originally constructed. That
principle was distinctly announced in the Declaration of In-
dependence as a justification of the secession of the colonies
from the mother country. It is thus expressed : "All men are
endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
To secure these rights governments are instituted among men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of
these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish
it and to institute a new government, laying its foundations
on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as
to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and
happiness."
Now, there is no fact more certain than that the secession
of the Southern States was the free act of the vast majority
of their citizens, who had become satisfied that their most
sacred rights were imperiled and would be denied by the
Federal government administered by a party which was put
in power by the votes of a section of the country and that
party avowedly hostile to the institutions and the real in-
terests of the South. They solemnly and formally withdrew
their consent to the Federal compact and repudiated the au-
thority of the United States government, and they in the same
open and formal manner instituted another government which
would protect them in all their rights.
Yet by brute force of overwhelming numbers and resources,
in direct violation of the Constitution, the United States gov-
ernment compelled them, after the most heroic resistance, to
submit to an authority which they felt to be tyrannical, un-
just, and oppressive. Then came the period of Reconstruc-
tion, which denied any right to the Southern States to a
voice in government, a despotism as cruel as that of Russia
over Poland, and to-day the States originally sovereign have
only such rights as the Federal government allows them.
Nation versus Federation.
The controversy between the sections was as to the nature
of the government established by the Constitution. The one
contended for a consolidated nation with centralized power
supreme in authority over the whole country; the other
claimed a federated republic of sovereign States with a cen-
tral government of strictly limited authority and power.
The national idea conquered, and we are told that we
should be thankful that we are a nation in the fullest sense,
not only as distinct from other nations, but in the concentra-
tion of supreme power in the central government. And we
are told that this is best for the protection and development
of our people, as we can bring all the resources of the nation
to bear on the great enterprises which modern life and prog-
ress demand. We are told that this is the unifying of the
people, whereas State sovereignty tended to separate them.
Without going into a discussion of the merits of the two
systems, we may note the fact that unchecked power always
tends to oppression; that it is easy to get the aid of a con-
solidated power for the unjust advancement of individual
interests ; that instead of unifying, this concentration tends
to divide the people into classes, each of which seeks the con-
trol of government ; that, therefore, its tendency is to foster
graft and corruption. We have only to look at the facts to
see these tendencies illustrated and realized. We have a
tariff dictated by the commercial or manufacturing interests
and working for the benefit of the few who have by means of
it accumulated vast wealth. We have a pension system which
makes Congress bow to the demands of the old soldier vote
and which has since the war taken nearly four thousand mil-
lions of dollars from the people and which is a promoter of
gigantic frauds. We have the camps of capital and labor ar-
rayed against each other and an economic tyranny thr.t makes
slaves of multitudes of laborers, their wives and children. We
see an army of tramps in a land where before the war a
tramp was a curiosity. We see the unequal and unjust distri-
bution of our national wealth. All of which may well make us
ask, Is the unchecked power of a centralized nation a blessing?
{Continued in April number.)
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
117
UNIQUE HISTORICAL RECORDS.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
I shall venture to state that in all the annals of warfare
never before or since has such a report of a battle been made
except by the author of this, Gen. Joseph O. Shelby, C. S. A.
The report reads like a tale of old, and the General actually
makes you see the Missourians more in the light of the
knights of King Arthur than in that of ragged Rebels. His
bursts of poetry also lend enchantment to the article. I shall
leave it to any reader of this to confirm my statement ("Of-
ficial Records," Series I., Volume XXII., Part I., page 199).
"General: On the last day of December. 1862, when the old
year was dying in the lap of the new and January had sent
its moaning winds to wail the requiem of the past, my bri-
gade was on the march for foray on the border side. The
day was auspicious; a bright red sun had tempered the keen
air to pleasantness and cheered the soldiers with the hopes of
a gay and gallant trip. The first two days' march was long
and comfortable. On the third the rain commenced, cold and
chilling, and continued without intermission for three days.
the grand old mountains standing bare against the dull and
somber sky, their heads heavy with the storms of centuries
The men suffered much, but. keeping the bright goal of Mis-
souri constantly in sight, spurred on and on quite merrily.
For two days all went well. Then the rain commenced in
earnest, and for three days its cold, merciless peltings were
endured by the men without a murmur, although the sky was
as dark and barren as a rainy sea, and the keen northeast wind
pierced the thin clothing of the men with its icy breath.
"Upon arriving in close proximity to Ozark, and not being
satisfied as to its evacuation, I soon found that the nest was
there, and it was warm; but the birds had flown, and nothing
remained to do but apply the torch to f'<rt and barracks.
Soon the red glare of flames burst out upon the midnight
sky, and t he cold, calm stars looked down upon the scene.
It was an intensely cold night, and the frost hung heavy and
chill on the garments of my devoted brigade, marching on
with determination in their hearts rarely surpassed. The
sun came up on the morning of the 8th like a ball of fire,
and the day was gloomy and chill ; but Springfield loomed
up before us in the distance like a beautiful panorama, and
the men were eager for the rough red fray. With flaunting
banners and all the pomp and circumstance of war. the Fed-
erals had marched out gayly to meet us. 'Twas a bright and
beautiful scene. There lay the quiet town, robed in the dull
gray hue of the winter, its domes and spires stretching their
skeleton hands to heaven as if in prayer against the coming
strife; and. drawing nearer and nearer, long black lines came
gleaming on, while the sun shone out like a golden bar, un-
curling its yellow hair on earth and sky, stream and moun-
tain, and lent the thrilling picture a sterner and finer light.
I saw the crisis and ordered a charge. At the command a
thousand warriors sprang to their feet, and with one wild
Missouri yell they burst upon the foe. Officers mix with the
men in the mad melee and fight side by side. The storm in-
creases, and the combatants get closer and closer.
"I heard the cannons' shivering crash.
As when the whirlwind rends the ash ;
I heard the muskets' deadly clang.
As if a thousand anvils rang.
"The battle thickens, blow falls on blow, shot follows shot,
the contest rages, and the wild death dance goes merrily on.
"Still Collins plies Ins lurid torch
Where balls will rend and powder scorch ;
Still Shanks and Gordon, side by side,
Like veteran heroes stem the tide.
"Night came down with weary brooding wings, laid her
dark brow across the cloudy sky, and threw her sable mantle
river fort and wall and house and men, checking the bloody
strife and calming the furious passions that had been at war
all day. My brigade suffered seriously, but covered itself all
over with glory and won imperishable laurels. The heroic
John W. Bufnngton. ahead of his best and bravest, fell.
"O, smooth the damp hair over his brow.
It is pale and white and ghastly now.
And hide his wounds in his gory breast.
For his soul has fled to its final rest.
The South had no nobler champion, our cause no braver
defender, and he and Major R-owman and Captain Titsworth
formed an illustrious trio— three of the grand, immortal names
that never die. Pea When the warfare
of the world is over, when time strikes record with eternity
and mortality is paling beyond the sunset shore and the bil-
lows of dissolution are white with the wrecks of the universe.
these deathless spirits will rise from their urns of death and
chambers of decay and join the noble band of Southern mar-
tyrs that have fallen with their backs to the field and their
feet to the foe.
"The mission had been accomplished. Two forts had been
raptured, a piece of artillery taken, several hundred prisoners
paroled, and wr. after making a circuit of the town with
floating banners and waving pennons, left it alone in its glory,
because all had been done that could be done."
M.\j. John Tyler. C. S. A.
In the January Veteran there is an account of the unveil-
ing of the monument erected in memory of President Tyler
and also a very interesting sketch of his life. I find that his
son John, major and assistant adjutant general. C. S. A., was
also quite a genius and absolutely fearless as far as express-
ing his opinion was concerned The following extracts from
letters written by him to Gen. Sterling Price, taken from the
"Official Records," Series I.. Volume LI., will carry out my
statement :
Opinion of General Grant : "From first to last, Grant has
shown great skill and prudence combined with persistency
and brutality. He is a scientific Goth, resembling Alaric. de-
stroying the country as he goes and delivering the people
over to starvation. Nor doc he bury his dead, but leaves
them to rot on the battle field."
Of Lee and Grant: "The game upon the military chess-
board between Lee and Grant has been striking and grand,
surpassing anything I have heretofore witnessed and con-
ducted on both sides with consummate mastery of the art of
war. It is admitted that Lee has at last met with a foeman
who watches his steel, although he may not be worthy of it.
Each guards himself perfectly and gives his blow with a pre-
cise eye and cool and sanguinary nerve."
Of General Lee : "In Lee's army everything is reduced to
the smallest compass, and the discipline is perfect. He rides
with only three members of his staff and is usually upon the
lines from daybreak to dark. He is almost unapproachable,
and yet no man is more simple or less ostentatious, hating
all pretension. It would be impossible for an officer to be
nS
Qotyfederat^ l/eterap.
more reverenced, admired, and respected. He eats the ration
of the soldiers and quarters alone in his tent. Without parade,
haughtiness, or assumption, he is elevated in his thought and
feeling and is worthy of the cause he represents and the army
he commands."
Of several West Pointers in the C. S. A. : "With one West
Point fool as commissary general and with another West
Point fool and knave as adjutant general and senior general
of the army, neither of whom ever commanded a company or
saw a musket fired in the field and the last of whom is a
Yankee by birth, by blood, by parentage, and by education,
and another West Point pigmy now commander of all the
artillery of the Richmond defenses, remarkable only for hav-
ing the ability to complete at Vicksburg that which his co-
adjutor notoriously initiated in Kentucky and Tennessee, and
this notorious coadjutator, another West Pointer of known
dishonorable origin, malignant heart, and incompetent head,
who, by his stupendous military blunders, has done more than
any and all others to place the country beneath the heel of
the enemy, foisted by favoritism, against the wishes of the
country and the soldiery, into the chief command of the
armies, I do not see what can extricate us but God. I am
willing to perish ; but this last West Pointer must perish with
me, since he has led me to the grave. I will never consent
that he shall be left to make terms with the enemy and to
enter the enemy's service should we fall and perish through
his lead."
It is a very easy matter to pick out these West Pointers
to whom he pays his respects, consequently I shall not men-
tion the names of those that the cap seems to fit.
General Hill's Opinion of "Exempts."
Following the above candid expressions of opinion regard-
ing some general officers, this proclamation issued by Gen. D.
H. Hill is now given as an example that, for bitter sarcasm
and invective against "exempts," has no equal in the "Official
Records." It will be noted that he touches up members of
the medical profession who. I suppose, were exempted on ac-
count of their calling. This paper was published on April
24, 1862, when the General was in command of the Depart-
ment of North Carolina :
"The department commander returns heartfelt thanks to
the troops under his command for their courage in battle,
patient endurance on long, fatiguing marches in cold and wet.
for their vigilance on duty and uniform good behavior
everywhere. Unlike the rascally Yankees, you have pro-
tected private property, and no depredations have been com-
mitted except in a few instances by the . It is to be
hoped that this brave regiment will leave off this low Yan-
kee practice and will behave as well on the march as it has
always done on the battle field. All the rest of the troops
behaved handsomely.
"Soldiers, with forces inferior to the Yankees you drove
them into their rat holes in Xew Bern and Washington. You
held the latter place in close siege for sixteen days. With
light field guns you whipped their four gunboats in the har-
bor, disabling two of them and driving the poor poltroon
Renshaw, United States navy, under the shelter of an island.
With some half a dozen field pieces you kept back nine gun-
boats from coming to the relief of their afflicted consorts.
The relieving force of seven thousand men you whipped so
easily as to think the battle was but a skirmish and were pre-
paring for the real contest when you heard that the foe had
slipped off in the darkness of the night, blockading the road
behind him, so that a dog or a sneaking exempt could not
crawl through.
"If you failed to accomplish greater things, the fault was
not yours. How much better it is thus to deserve the thanks
of the country by your courage and patience than to skulk at
home, as the cowardly exempts do ! Some of these poor dogs
have hired substitutes, as though money could pay the service
every man owes his country. Others claim to own twenty
negroes and with justice might claim to be masters of an
infinite amount of cowardice. Others are stuffy squires
(bless their dignified souls!). Others are warlike militia
officers, and their regiments cannot dispense with such models
of military skill and valor. And such noble regiments they
have — three field officers, four staff officers, ten captains,
thirty lieutenants, and one private with a misery in his bowels !
Some are pill-and-syringe gentlemen and have done their
share of killing at home. Some are kindly making shoes for
the army and generously giving them to the poor soldiers,
only asking for them two months' pay. Some are too sweet
and delicate for anything but fancy duty. The sight of blood
is unpleasant, and the roar of cannon shocks their sensibili-
ties.
"When our independence is won, the most trifling soldier
in the ranks will be more respected,, as he is now more re-
spectable, than an army of these skulking exempts."
Hot Talk in 1861.
The following extracts from an editorial in the Columbus
Crescent, written by the editor, Col. L. G. Faxon, of the Ten-
nessee Tigers, C. S. A., give a good idea of the extreme bit-
terness injected into the war in the year 1861, and espe-
cially in the border States. The article is taken from W. H.
Russell's book, "My Diary, North and South." "Bull Run"
Russell was a famous English war correspondent, who de-
scribed the battle of First Manassas so accurately that the
United States authorities asked for his recall ; hence his nick-
name :
"The Irish are for us, and they will knock Bologna sau-
sages out of the Dutch, and we will knock wooden nutmegs
out of the Yankees. The mosquitoes of Cairo have been
sucking the lager beer out of the dirty soldiers there so long
that they are bloated and swelled up as large as a spring pos-
sum. An assortment of Columbus mosquitoes went up there
the other day ; but as they have not returned, the probability
is that they went off with delirium tremens. In fact, the blood
of those Hessians would poison the most degraded creature
in creation.
"When the bow-legged, wooden-shoed, sauerkraut-and-
Bologna-sausage-eating, henroost-robbing Dutch had accom-
plished the brilliant feat of taking down the secession flag on
the river bank, they were pointed to another of the same
sort, which their guns did not cover, flying gloriously and
defiantly, and dared — yea, double-big-black-dog-dared — to take
that flag down. The cowardly pups, the thieving sheep dogs,
the sneaking skunks dared not do so.
"As to the qualification of this man Prentiss for the com-
mand of such a squad of villains and cutthroats as they
are, he is a miserable hound, a dirty dog, a treacherous vil-
lain, a notorious thief, a lying blackguard, who has served
his time in the penitentiary and keeps his hide continually
full of Cincinnati whisky, which he buys by the barrel to
save money. In him are embodied the leprous rascalities of
the world, and in this living sore the gallows is cheated.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
1 [Q
"Prentiss wants our scalp. We propose a plan by which
he may get that valuable article : Let him select one hundred
and fifty of his best fighting men, or two hundred and fifty
of his lager beer Dutchmen. We will select one hundred
Then let both parties meet where there will be no interrup-
tion at the scalping business, and the longest pole will get the
persimmon. If he does not accept this proposal, he is a
coward. We think this is a gentlemanly proposition and
quite fair and equal to both sidi -."
i 's Eastern Campaign.
When General Lee. with 86.000 men. had forced "Little
Mac." with 105.000. to make a masterly change of base, there
came out of the West a star of the iir^t magnitude in thi
son of John Pope, major general of volunteers, who, in con-
junction with General Hallcck. was going to Richmond in-
stanter. While the first proclamation issued by the aforesaid
general showed him to be something of a "wind blower." in
justice to him it is only fair to state that he did not divide
the blame for the it" him) disastrous campaign and would
have done much better l.\ using In* own judgment and not de-
ferring to Hallcck. who was not on the spot.
General Pope's Eastern campaign was divided into two
parts; and as "everything that goes up mwl come down." and
"the higher the) il\. the hardei thej tall." the
should he called
Going I 'p
July 14. 1862. — "To the officers and soldiers of the Army of
Virginia: By special assignment of the President I have as-
sumed command of this army. I have spent two weeks in
learning your whereabouts. \ < >n r condition, and your wants,
in preparing you for active operations, and in placing you in
positions from which you ran act prompt!} and t" the pt
These labors are about completed, and I am about to join you
in the field. Let us understand each other. 1 have come to
yn from the West, where we have always seen the backs of
our enemy: from an annv whose business it has been 1
the adversary and to heat him when he was found: whose
policy has been attack and not defense. 1 presume that I
have been called here to pursue the same system and to lead
you against the enemy. It is my purposi t.. do so, am
speedily. I am sure that you long for an opportunity to win
the distinction yon are capable of achieving That chance I
shall endeavor to give you. Meantime 1 desire you to dis-
miss from your minds certain phrases which I am sorry to
find so much in vogue amongst you. 1 hear constant talk of
'taking strong positions and holding them,' of 'lines of 1
and 'bases of supply.' let us discard such ideas. The
Strongest position a soldier should desire to occupy is one
from which he can easily advance against the enemy. Let us
study the probable lines of retreat of our opponents and leave
our own to take care of themselves. Let us look before and
not behind us. Success and glory are in the advance; disaster
and shame lurk in the rear. Let us act on this understanding,
and it is safe to predict that your banners will be inscribed
with many a glorious deed and that your names will be dear
to your countrymen forever."
July 16. — "I do not like the idea of an infantry regiment of
this army retreating without more loss and better reasons."
July 18. — "It is better to lose your whole force than to make
a hasty or discreditable retreat."
July 19. — "I have heard so much talk of retreating since I
took command of this army that I hardly know what to be-
lieve"
August 5. — "With the large force of cavalry at my disposal
I can make the position at Gordonsville untenable."
August II. ~ P.M. — "Please make McClellan do something
to prevent reinforcements being sent here. I am able to get
along with those that are here now "
Gov
August 11. 11 P.M. — "I think it almost certain that we shall
tacked in the morning, anil we will make the best fight
we can."
August IJ. — "Our position is strong, and it will be very dif-
ficult to drive us from it."
August 18. — "My whole command will commence to fall
back to the Rappahannock to-night "
[ugust ZO. — "You may rely on us making a very hard fight
in case the enemy attacks."
August _>;. — "I must abandon the railroad and fight a battle
lower down the river I think no impression can be made on
Jackson's move to the east, which is re-
ported, is not definitely ascertained. * * * We are all ready
ami shall make the best fight we can."
ust 22. — "The enemy has succeeded, with greatly su-
perior numbers, in turning our left."
August 25. — "McDowell's Corps is the only reliable one I
nduct to-day has occasioned me much dis-
satisfaction. Banks's Corps is verv weak and much demoral-
ized."
August -V — "My position at Warrcnton is no longer tenable.
Whether the enemy means to attack us or not, I consider
I ful."
August -7 P.M.- "If you are prompt and expeditious, we
will bag the whole crowd."
August 28. — "Heintzelmans's Corps will move on him at
daylight, and I do not see how he is to escape without heavy
August 20. — "I am following the enemy down the Warren-
ton Turnpike, Be expeditious, or we will lose much."
August 30.— "We fought a terrific battle yesterday, and the
enemy was Id, which we now occupy. The
news reaches me that the enemy is retreating toward the
mountains "
September ?.—"\ will give battle when I can. but as soon
as the enemy brings up his force he w:ill again turn me.
* * * "Sou should come out and see the troops. * * *
were badly demoralized when they joined me, both of-
mtl men. * * * There is an intense idea among them
that they must get behind intrenchments. * * * You had
better decide at once what is best to be done. 1 would at-
tack to-day. but the I re absolutely unable."
Down and Out
Hallcck to Pope, September 5, 1862— "We think that you
did the best you could."
The Si I 1 MPAK.N
1 >i .ill the campaigns of the War between the States, that
ond Manassas was. without a doubt, planned and car-
ried out more ably on our side and less ably on the Northern
than any other of the entire conflict. Although repeatedly
warned by General Hallcck, the Federal commander, General
Pope deliberately walked into a trap, and after doing so he
deluded himself with the idea that he had won a glorious
victory and reported it as such to his government.
120
^opfederat^ l/eterap.
To prove my statement as to Halleck's warnings, I shall
quote a few extracts from his correspondence with Pope.
Halleck : "The evacuation may be merely a trick. Take
care not to be caught in the trap. Do not advance so as to
expose yourself to any disaster. Guard well against a flank
movement by the enemy. We must run no risks now. Be
very careful that they do not outflank you. It is quite pos-
sible that the enemy, while making a demonstration, may at-
tempt to turn your flank. Do not let him separate you from
Alexandria."
And all of this happened. Everybody, of course, has heard
of the man that went into a hollow log to catch a bear cat,
and when it was caught the man had to have help to turn him
loose. This campaign was very much on that order. I shall
endeavor to show it in that light, at any rate.
Catching the Bear Cat.
Pope : "The enemy was driven from the field which we
now occupy. The news just reaches me from the front that
the enemy is retreating toward the mountains."
Halleck: "I am glad to hear that affairs are progressing so
well. Push the enemy as much as possible. Pope's success
will probably render your presence unnecessary. He has
fought a great battle and so far successful."
Stanton : "General Pope has fought a great battle on the
very ground of last year's fight, and the enemy was driven
at all points."
Banks : "I am informed that the battle was the most de-
cisive and brilliant victory of the war. In the night Jackson
retreated toward the mountains, and he is beaten to-day."
Burnside: "Our troops are driving the Rebels before them.
We are jubilant over Pope's victory and hope to hear that
he has completely routed the enemy."
McClellan : "I heard that our people had been driving the
enemy all day."
Haupt : "We have captured one thousand prisoners, many
arms, and one piece of artillery. General Pope seems to be
in good spirits. Hooker is driving the enemy; McDowell
and Sigel are cutting him off. I am of the opinion that by
this time Jackson has surrendered."
Turning the Cat Loose.
Haupt: "This morning the direction of the firing seems to
be changing, and it is possible the enemy is trying to escape
toward Fredericksburg."
Halleck: "You have done nobly. Don't yield another inch
if you can avoid it. Can't you renew the attack? All will
be right soon, even if you should be forced to fall back.
Sumner's whole force will march to your relief."
Colburn : "Pope fought all day yesterday. I fear he did
not gain a victory."
McClellan : "The only information I get from Pope is from
a cloud of his stragglers. Reports are that our army is
badly beaten."
Porter : "Jackson, who had been supposedly anxious to re-
treat and for whom the road had been left open, had not re-
treated. I advanced in pursuit of the enemy and was whipped
badly, as the rest of the army was."
Sykes : "The attack was based on the supposition that the
enemy were retreating and so announced in orders from Gen-
eral Pope. I found them, but they were not retreating."
Reynolds : "I soon became convinced that the enemy were
not in retreat."
McCoy : "It was pretty soon evident that, instead of falling
back, leaving us the victory, as supposed, they had received
reinforcements and were making desperate efforts to drive
us from the field, which they did."
Cat Turned Loose.
Halleck: "General Pope's army is falling back to the line
of fortifications and has been moving in this direction all day."
GEN. D. H. HILL AT CHICKAMAUGA.
BY GEORGE RATCHFORD, MADISON, FI.A.
I was very much interested in the article in the Veteran
for January entitled "Gen. Leonidas Polk at Chickamauga,"
and especially as Generals Polk and Hill were rather closely
associated in this battle, General Polk being in command of
the part of the army which included General Hill's corps.
My father, Maj. J. W. Ratchford, was a member of the staff
of General Hill.
General Hill was ordered by the Secretary of War, Hon.
J. A. Seddon, to report to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at Jack-
son, Miss., for duty with the Army of Mississippi. This order
is dated July 13, 1863. The order which changed this so as
to cause General Hill, with his staff, to report for duty with
General Bragg has not been found — at least I have been
unable to find it — but it is known to be a fact from personal
knowledge in my possession. General Hill never reached his
destination in Mississippi.
Hill's command consisted at first of the corps formerly com-
manded by General Hardee, being composed of Cleburne's
and Stewart's Divisions. A short time after that, however,
Breckinridge's Division came to the Army of Tennessee and
was assigned to Hill's Corps, and Stewart's Division was
sent up toward Knoxville to join General Buckner. This
left Cleburne's and Breckinridge's Divisions to constitute Hill's
Corps. There is also mention made of the fact that General
Walker's division was included in Hill's command. This
division, however, was soon afterwards transferred to Gen-
eral Longstreet's command, and Hill's Corps consisted of
Cleburne's and Breckinridge's Divisions until General Hill
left the Army of Tennessee.
In the article referred to it seems that an unintentional in-
justice is done to General Hill by reason of the fact that he
was not found by the officers sent to find him and conduct
him to the headquarters of General Polk, who was his im-
mediate superior, and by reason of the fact that he stopped
before the ordered attack long enough to allow his men to
eat their rations. The statement is also made in the article in
the Veteran that General Polk, when he came to General
Hill and the orders for attack had been delivered to General
Hill, asked him about the attack and why he had not attacked.
General Hill answered: "General, my men are drawing ra-
tions." "Sir," said General Polk, "this is not the time for
eating; this is the time for fighting. Attack immediately;
attack immediately." And without waiting for an answer
from General Hill, General Polk whirled his horse around
and, galloping along his line, to every major general said:
"General, attack immediately."
Evidently there is an error somewhere. General Hill says
in his report of the battle of Chickamauga, made on the
ground soon after its occurrence :
"About midnight, September 19, Lieutenant Colonel Ander-
son, adjutant general, reported that my corps had been placed
^opfederat^ Ueterai}.
121
under command of Lieutenant General Polk as wing com-
mander and that the Genera! wished to see me that night at
Alexander's Bridge, three miles distant. I was much ex-
hausted, having been in the saddle from dawn till midnight,
and therefore resolved to rest until three o'clock. At that
hour I went to Alexander's Bridge ; but failing to lind the
courier that General Polk had placed there to conduct me to
his tent, I rode forward to the line of battle, which I reached
a little after daylight. General Breckinridge had not yet got
into position, as General Polk had permitted him to rest the
night before on account of the wearied condition of the men.
Repeated and urgent orders had been issued from corps
headquarters m regard to keeping rations for three days con-
stantly on hand; but owing to difficulties and possibly to want
of attention some of them had been without food the day
before, and a division had its rations for the day urn
but cooked and on hand Orders were given for their prompt
issuance.
"At 7.25 a.m. hi ordei was shown me (just i
Lieutenant General Polk, and addressed to my division com-
manders, directing them to advance at once upon the enemy.
The reason given for the issuance of the order directly
to them was that he [General Polkl had not been able to find
the corps commander. I immediately replied to the note, say-
ing thai Brigadier General Jackson's brigade of his corps
was at right angles to my line, that my men were gi
their rations, and that thej could finish eating while we were
adjusting the line of battle. General Polk soon came on the
field and made no objection to this delay. At eight o'clock
General Bragg himself came on the field, and T then learned
for the first time that an attack had been ordered al daylight.
"However, the essential preparations for battle had not
been made at that time and. in fart, could not have been made
without the presence of the commander in chief"
No objection was made to any of these statements in the
report of General Hill except in a general waj by General
Bragg, in which he makes the sweeping assertion that the
reports of General Polk's subordinates are entirely unsatis-
factory; but he does not specify what parts are unsatis-
factory, nor in what way General Polk makes no criticism
of General Hill, which he undoubtedly would have done if
it had been erroneous It would have been his duty to do
so, and no one who ever knew Gen. Leonidas Polk will ever
believe that he intentionally failed to do his full duty. The
relations between General Polk and General Hill wen always
cordial and pleasant.
General Hill is not likely to have erred in saying that he
heard from General Bragg for the first time that an attack
was ordered for daylight, since he mentions the fact of Gen-
eral Polk's coming on the field soon after the officers had
delivered their orders to his division commanders, and the
orders themselves delivered by Capt. J. Frank Wheeless and
others were shown to him. He says these were to advance
at once upon the enemy. Nothing was said about any orders
to attack at daylight. Nobody who knows anything of Gen-
eral Hill would believe for a moment that he would leave out
anything so vital as that if the orders had contained anything
of that sort.
As to General Bragg's statement that he found General
Polk after sunrise at Alexander's Bridge reading a news-
paper, it certainly cannot be a fact, for General Hill says
he rested until three o'clock and at that hour rode to Alexan-
der's Bridge, but found no one there. Then he rode forward
to the line of battle, which he reached a little after daylight.
\t 7 .'5 In was shown the order to his division commanders.
to which he replied immediately ; then General Polk came
up, and the talk between Hill and Polk took place. General
Polk could hardly have been at Alexander's Bridge after
sunrise reading a newspaper and then have gone to the line
of battle and met and conferred with General Hill, as stated
in his report.
I can also testify personally that the conversation took
is mentioned in the letter from Longstreet to D. H. Hill,
referred to in your article. 1 remember very distinctly hear-
ing my father say (and he was a member of Hill's staff)
thai General Bragg did say that if anything happened his
headquarters would be at Reed's Bridge and to communicate
with him there.
The trouble is very clearly shown in the letter from Gen-
eral Longstreet to the Secretary of War. published in the
War Records." Speaking of General Bragg, he said: "It
seems that he cannot adopt and adhere to any plan or course,
whether his own . >r some one else's."
All the military men acquainted with the facts and who
served in the \rmy of Tennessee under Bragg agree in the
statement that he was a splendid engineer-officer and had
some high qualities a r, but that he was incompetent
for the high position of the commander of an army He did
distinguished servii ' ico in a subordinate posi-
iility did the command of a
ile army
The charges against the generals whom he suspended from
their commands were never pressed, and in the case of Gen-
eral Polk the whole affair was dismissed by the President.
In the case of General Hill General Bragg never could be
made to specify what was the matter, though he was asked
foi it several times, and finally it simmered down I
statement (made in the presence of General Hill's staff) that
Bragg) did not possess the confidertce of his subordi-
and he thought a commander ought to have that in
order to work harmoniously General Hill then asked for a
statement of this in writing and pushed the writing materials
the table to General Bragg, who excused himself with
some matter and did not » neral Hill then on at least
three Major Ratchford to General Bragg to
ask for the statement he had promised and Col. Archer
Anderson once or oftener fur the same thing, but was al-
i .lit .iff Finally General Bragg said he did not con-
sider it either expedient or necessary to give any sucji state-
ment, and with that the matter endi
Knew His Own. — About seven years before the great
American conflict Charles Sumner was visiting at a private
home near Gallatin, Tcnn. Here there was a shrewd old
house servant, a great favorite with his master's family. He
was known as "Old Virginia Jeff," and after Senator Sum-
ner's departure Jeff told the following story of a conversation
between the Senator and himself. Senator Sumner "Jeff, I
hear you call all the white folks down here 'Marse' — 'Marse
Henry.' Marse John.' or what not. Isn't that true?'" Jeff:
"Yas, suh." Senator Sumner : "And you always call me
Mister Sumner.' Now. Jeff, here's a quarter. During the
rest of my visit call me Marse Charles, you hear?" The old-
time negroes intuitively knew who belonged to them and who
didn't. Senator Sumner was accorded different treatment and
felt like an outsider Hence his bribe to Jeff. (Told b\ Mai
John C. Wrenshall. of the engineering staff of General Bragg.')
— Dixie Book of Days.
122
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
THE INDIAN BATTLE OF CHAUST1N0LLA.
BY THE LATE CAl'T. II. L. TAYLOR, IN THE YAZOO CITY (MISS.1
SENTINEL.
On December 25, 1861, the Indian battle of Chaustinolla
was fought just north of Bird's Creek, in the Creek Nation,
two hundred and fifty miles west of Fort Sims, Ark. The
Indians consisted of a large force of Creeks. Choctaws, and
about one hundred and fifty Seminole warriors, under the
command of Opathlahia, the chief of the Creeks. The Con-
federates consisted of one battalion each of the 3d, 6th, and
9th Texas Regiments, part of the 2d and 4th Arkansas Regi-
ments, and Stoneweight's Cherokee Indians, all under the
command of the splendid soldier, General Mcintosh, after-
wards killed at Elkhorn Tavern.
We had camped on the night of the 24th sixteen miles from
Bird's Creek in a strip of woods surrounded by a prairie.
The Indians, about four hundred strong, made their appear-
ance on the open prairie north of us late in the evening of
the 24th. They turned out to be a hunting party securing
beef for their consumption. They will kill and dress a beef,
removing all flesh from the bones and leaving bones and hide
when dressed. These evidences of the hunting party were dis-
covered by the following morning as we approached the battle
field, about sixteen miles distant.
About eleven o'clock on Christmas Day we came in con-
tact with the outpost, just south of Bird's Creek. They were
quickly dispersed — in fact, leaving their post before we got in
shooting distance. Crossing Bird's Creek, they joined their
main fighting force, then occupied the mountain peak and
cedar brakes, about four hundred miles north of Bird's Creek
and running parallel with the creek. They were formed along
the ledges of rocks and cedar brakes with their war paint and
costumes on. Making all sorts of noises, such as crowing,
cackling, and yells of all sorts, they began firing on us as
we were moving in line north of the creek. General Mc-
intosh was away to the right of my battalion and lining up
with a view to dislodging them by attack on foot. But while
awaiting the arrival of his entire force Col. Walter P. Lane,
lieutenant colonel of the 3d Texas Regiment and commander
of the 3d Texas Battalion and one of the oldest and best
Indian fighters on earth, without waiting for orders to ad-
vance, had his gallant little bugler, Charlie Watts, to sound
the charge; and as one man Colonel Lane led our boys to
the assault, and the fight was one of the hardest in military
annals.
The rough and terribly rocky cedar brakes as they appeared
to the average young soldier were practically impenetrable,
especially on horseback ; but being led by Colonel Lane in
person, in whom we had the utmost confidence, we rushed to
the assault and in a few moments had carried the position.
The Indians were scattered in full retreat. We followed them
in the running fight and would, I suppose, have killed most
of them (as they never surrender) had it not been for the
splendid tactics practiced by them.
These mountain spurs, covered with huge rocks and cedar
brakes, were interspersed with narrow gorges, covered with
broom sedge almost as high as a man on horseback and gen-
erally about three hundred yards wide. The Indians would
retreat across the gorges and line up and prepare to fire the
sedge at a given signal. All along our front at some time the
flames would sweep rapidly over the gorges, and we were in
the midst of it. We would then have to retreat as
rapidly as possible to prevent men and horses from being
consumed by the flames, and there we would have to wait
for the fire to cool down before we could advance. These de-
lays, being repeated one after another, kept us off of
them, and when night came we had made but unsatisfactory
headway.
We had about fifty men killed and wounded. Among the
wounded was Maj. George W. Clinton, a very gallant and
able officer, who was afterwards in Congress from Texas.
We had captured between three and four hundred women and
children and one wounded warrior, and we would not have
captured him had he not been wounded. It was estimated that
they left from two hundred and seventy-five to three hundred
dead on the field. The rout of the Indians was complete, and
they packed their belongings on their pack ponies and moved
that night and early morning in the direction of Fort Scott,
Kans.
Early in the morning of the 26th of December our com-
mand followed up the Indians. The progress was slow, as
there was nothing but an Indian trail, which only admits of
single file along a rocky trail. The poor old pack ponies fol-
lowed along and always with the pack down grade. My
boyhood playmate and chum, W. 'J. Sedberry, and I began
to cut the packs on the helpless ponies and continued to do
so for some time. When we began, as we thought, to return
to the trail and to our command, we soon discovered that we
were lost in a strange and hostile country. There was so
much sameness about the country that we were lost indeed.
We wandered over the rocky cedar brakes all day without
seeing a living being. We occasionally passed a dead Indian
of the battle of the day before. We carried our guns ready
for immediate action. We were both good shots, but did not
expect the privilege of an opportunity to show it, but expected
to be shot down without a word or sign of warning.
About an hour before sundown we came out on a long
plateau, extending in a southwesterly direction, covered with
broom sedge and an occasional scrubby oak tree. About
three-fourths of a mile down the plateau we beheld two In-
dian warriors with their guns, looking intently in our direc-
tion. Well do I remember the expression on the face of my
comrade as he turned to me and said: "Now, boy, what are
we to do?" There was no tremor in his voice, but the stern
look of his penetrating eyes spoke as plainly as his tongue : "I
am ready to die with you."
Our expectancy on life was limited as we decided to ad-
vance upon the two warriors with our guns properly adjusted
for instant action. They were standing a few feet apart.
My comrade was to shoot the one on his side, and I was to
shoot the one on my side. When we reached a point about
one hundred yards distant from the warriors, they laid down
their guns, took off their hats, and stood gazing at us as we
approached them. When within a few paces of them, we
began to talk, but found they could not understand one word
from us, and we could not understand one word from them.
My comrade and I had gone to school with some Cherokees
and Choctaws, but these were of another nation ; hence the
dilemma. After waiting a few minutes in terrible suspense.
I said to them. "Bird's Creek camp," to which they nodded
assent and beckoned to us to follow, pointing the direction
and saying: "Bird's Creek camp." We pursued the trail as
indicated and arrived in camp early in the night and were
welcomed by our comrades, many of whom had learned of
our absence.
General Cooper, who had resigned a position with the In-
dian agency of the United States government to accept the
same position with the Confederate government, had arrived
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
i -'3
with fifteen thousand Indian cavalry on the morning of the
26th, and the warriors mentioned were his friendly Indians,
which fact we did not know. My comrade and I were the
happiest soldiers in that camp and had to relate our experi-
ence to our comrades.
CAPTURED .11 TREVILIAN STATION.
BY l>. M. hick. MARTINSBURG, W. v\
The nth of June, 1864, will be remembered as the day on
which the battle of Trevilian Station took place. It was
clear and hot, without a cloud to be seen save that made by
the batteries of the Stuart Horse Artillery as they belched
forth their missiles of destruction into the ranks of the
Union cavalry, advancing on our lines. Early in the morn-
big we were ready for business and on the road leading from
the west toward Trevilian Station and awaiting orders. We
had not long to wait. Captain Thompson soon recch'
ders to move his battery forward in the direction of the sta-
tion, and from the tiring which we heard a few minutes later
I judged that they had taken position on the left of the road.
The firing had not continued long, hardly more than a half
hour; but we who had been left in the road with the cais-
sons when the guns were ordered forward received orders
to turn our teams as though we were preparing to fall back,
which events later seemed to provi While sitting on our
horses with our backs to the enemy, patiently waiting for or-
ders to fall back to take up another line, as we thought, a
noise in our rear attracted our attention, and, looking back,
we saw the Federal cavalry within fifty yards of us The
road at this part of the field passed through the woods, while
a small hill close in our rear prevented our seeing them,
and doubtless tin- roar of the artillery, mingled with the
small .mus. prevented our hearing the sound of the approach-
nig enemy. So they were upon us. firing at us. and there was
nothing for us to do but surrender.
My attention had first been drawn to some of our men with
teams ahead of us running across the field to our left ; then
on looking back I saw the Yankees, but it was too late to
run. The first Federals passing paid little attention to us.
but seemed to be looking for something farther on, which
they found about half a mile farther up the road, as I shall
endeavor to show. As they were passing us the colonel
waved his sword above his head and shouted: "Come on.
Brother Bowers."
I must not fail to give a little incident at this point. Two
men came riding up after the column had passed and de-
manded the surrender of my brother. J W, Deck, and my-
self. Neither of us bavins any arms, we fell an easy prey
to these "braves " The one in advance attacked my brother
with his saber, bruising his arm as he threw it up to protect
his head. The other drew on me what I took to be an old-
time horse pistol, judging from the size of the muzzle which
it was my painful duty to look into for about half a minute.
I told that German gentleman that I had surrendered once.
I was a little scared, I'll admit: but 1 kept my eye on him,
looking him squarely in the face until he slowly dropped his
pistol and returned it to the holster. I did not feel safe while
I was looking into the bad end of that pistol with a green
Dutchman holding the other end. Guards were soon placed
o\>i men, horses, ambulances, wagons, etc., and we were or-
dered to march in the direction their regiment had gone.
While these events were transpiring our troops in other
parts of the field were not idle. Chew's Battery had fallen
back and taken position on a hill in a small field some two
hundred and fifty yards from the road over which the Fed-
erals were marching us, and as we came in sight of the bat-
tery we were halted. At this point there was a curve in the
road and a cut about eight feet deep. This made a shelter for
some of our wounded and prisoners as well as the Federals ;
but it was no protection to those of us on our horses. Our
guns were on this hill at a point, I think, forty feet above the
level of the road. Two of the guns were pointed in the di-
rection of Trevilian Station. A twelve-pound howitzer was
placed at right angle to the other guns, getting ready to fire
Rebels as well as Yankees. It seemed to be aimed at
me, and I thought my time had come: but the shell went
higher than my head, if my prayer did not, and I had another
chance.
Then we were ordered to move on again, which we did
without urging, as the shells began to come in from the rear,
one of which struck in the bank by the roadside about one
foot from the surface and, as well as I could judge, about
two feet in advance of my brother's horse. We stopped our
horses at once, and my brother said: "Let us jump and run."
But, looking back, I saw a Federal soldier a short distance
in the rear and knew we would be running a great risk in
trying to escape at that time. So we waited until that fellow-
went by. But we had hardly left our horses when the
howitzer sent another shell after us, and we fell flat to the
earth, the shell bursting and cutting the bushes over our
heads. Then we jumped to our feet again, and I think we
made the fastest time we ever made during the war. Several
times we repeated these tactics until we got out of range.
We came to a little stream of pure water running through
the bushes, which was cool and refreshing to our thirsty lips,
and then we walked on slowly ami cautiously until we reached
the open country again. Seeing no one about, we got up on
an old rail fence in order to get the benefit of the little air
stirring at that time and wondered as we looked out over
the fields what would be the next act on the program. But
in the play that day it seemed that there was no regular pro-
gram made out for the occasion But we had not long to
wait. The firing in the direction of Gordonsville was heavy
at this time, and in a few minutes we observed a great cloud
of dust in that direction and not more than a quarter of a
mile from where we were resting on the fence. We realized
at once that the boys in blue had run up against something a
mile or two west of us and were getting back to their own
lines for safety, being hurried a little by a regiment of South-
ern cavalry in their rear. We decided to sit on the fence and
see them go by. This point was about three hundred yards
from the road and at right angle to it ; but we had made an
error in our calculation, for scarcely had the Federals emerged
from the woods when about forty-five of them jumped their
horses over the fence, gave a yell, and charged us. We had
but a slim chance to save ourselves from capture, and we
made use of it.
A little incident took place at this time which may be hard
for people to believe, but it is true all the same. There were
six of us together at this time — three Virginians, one South
Carolinian, a Georgian, and one man from Western Virginia
Just as we jumped off the fence my brother saw a large viper
coiled beneath him, and on the side the Yankees were coming
up. I called to him to come on, but he answered : "I'll break
the back of this snake first." Then he leaped over the fence,
joined the other men, and ran into the bushes a short dis-
124
(^oi)federat^ l/efcerai).
tance and lay down, thinking the enemy might not see us
and thus pass by. But we were doomed to disappointment.
They did pass us, and in a few minutes we got on our feet
again and were walking back to the fence when a noise in
the leaves behind us attracted our attention to a soldier not
more than three rods away with his pistol drawn. He called
to us to surrender and give up our arms. I replied that we
belonged to the artillery and had no arms. "Well," said he,
"get on these horses," which we did very quickly. Being cap-
tured and held about half an hour, running away under shot
and shell, and being recaptured in about twenty minutes was
pretty lively work, I thought, and I wondered where all this
would end. Indeed, I felt that I was on the road to Fort
Delaware or some other "Confederate soldiers' home," to be
kept safely until the end of the war.
We soon moved on, but the Federals did not know the
country and seemed to have lost the points of the compass.
While in this confused state they found an old negro man in
the woods, of whom they made inquiries ; but he could tell
them very little, and we, being strangers in that part of the
State, could tell them nothing. But, of course, our interests
and theirs ran in opposite directions; and had we helped
them to regain their own lines, we would have increased our
chances of going to prison, which we had no idea of doing.
So we moved on, but soon came to a halt at the foot of a
hill where there was a ditch about eight feet wide and ten
feet deep. An officer came back and told the men that they
must make their horses jump the ditch. Those in front of
us cleared the ditch very nicely ; but when my brother's horse
made the attempt he failed to leap far enough, and the bank
gave way with him. But neither horse nor rider was much
hurt, and we were soon on our way again. Soon after this
we found that we were near the Confederate lines. Our
captors realized at once that this was their chance to get
back to their own lines. So they resolved to charge through
the Confederate line, if possible, and thus get in front. The
column was then formed with about twenty-five men in front,
led by the lieutenant colonel and major of the regiment. The
six prisoners were next, followed by twenty men in the rear,
with an orderly sergeant in command. The prisoners were
ordered to keep up with the men, and we said, "All right."
But my brother whispered to me that if it got "hot" to watch
him, and we would set our horses down right there in the
bushes. Orders were given to charge, which we did in fine
style. As we got near the line the firing began and soon got
"hot." This was our opportunity, and we stopped our horses
so suddenly that those in the rear almost ran over us. Be-
fore they could see the cause of the trouble, those in front
had passed through the line of Confederates, and we saw
them no more. Our little trick still left twenty Yanks with
us ; but, strange to say, not a word was said to us about
stopping the rear of the column. Thus ended the first day,
June 12, 1864.
The boys in blue kept a sharp lookout from early morning
until late in the evening of the next day, spending most of
their time watching their enemies, who seemed to be on all
sides. During the afternoon a Confederate soldier was seen
coming along the edge of the woods and in our direction. Not
having time to retreat into the bushes, orders were given to
the men to shoot him if he discovered them. I felt relieved
as I saw the man pass on without seeming to notice any one ;
but had they shot that man, there would have been a hot time
in Dixie, for the 6th Virginia Cavalry were only about two
hundred yards from us, as I learned a few hours later.
Shortly after this we noticed our captors in very earnest
conversation some distance away, and of course this excited
our curiosity not a little. We had not long to wait, for
several of the men came to us directly and said to the
prisoners : "Boys, we have tried hard to get out of this coun-
try on horseback. Now we are going to try it afoot; and if
you boys will lie right here until morning and not tell any-
body which way we have gone, you may have your liberty
and the horses and whatever we leave behind us." We an-
swered : "All right ; we will do it."
We had been with them about thirty-six hours, and all
were very tired. I was sick and hardly able to keep up, and
freedom did not come too soon for me. A number of them
came to take us by the hand and say "Good-by." The last
who came to me was a man thirty or thirty-five years of
age with sandy hair and mustache and nearly six feet in
height. I had noticed the previous evening as he lay near
me that he did not lay aside his canteen, but kept it on all
night. So I thought he had something stronger than water
in it. I was right, for the first words he said were : "Take a
drink of this; it will do you good." It did make me feel
better. It was good old peach brandy. They left us as the
sun was setting behind the beautiful blue ridge, and we saw
them no more. I went to the reunion at Gettysburg, hoping
to see this man and others of Company B, 5th Michigan Cav-
alry, but learned that the command was not on the ground.
We kept faith with the boys in blue and slept sweetly that
night. Next morning we were up early, and one of our men
volunteered to go on a little scout to learn something about
the movements of the troops. In a short time he returned
with the news that the Federals were falling back, closely
followed by our troops, and that the 6th Regiment of Virginia
Cavalry was in camp two hundred yards away. Then we
understood fully what the Federals had meant by asking us
not to tell any one which way they had gone. They knew the
6th Regiment was in sight, while we did not. On both sides
of the ravine in which we slept that night were small hills
divided by other ravines running at right angles, and on one
of these hills the Yankees had hidden the horses before leav-
ing us. But in the excitement that evening we had forgotten
on which hill they were, and, after looking about for some
time and not finding them, we resolved to return to camp
and divide our little squad into several parties so we might
the more easily find the horses. Each party was to take a
hill and make a thorough search, and the one that succeeded
in finding them was to call to the others. This plan worked
well, but the man who found the horses heard men talking in
the bushes and thought they were Yankees ; so he cut all the
horses loose except one of the best, which he mounted, and
was on his way to camp when our party fell in with him.
The fellow was pretty badly scared, but we knew there were
no Yankees in that neighborhood. He got the best horse in
the twenty-six that were in the bunch. After he had told us
where they were, we moved on and got some of them.
After leaving the camp of the 6th Regiment, we got on the
road leading to the Gordonsville road and saw our own bat-
tery just passing. The men were seemingly half asleep, not
looking to the right or left, and did not notice us until we
rode right in among them. They were worn out for want
of rest, having had but little sleep or rest for two days. They
soon informed us that we had been reported captured and
did not expect to see us again. The others of our battery
captured at the same time were recaptured, and, not finding
us with them, we had been given up as lost.
Qorjfederat^ l/eterap.
125
■old JERRY.
BY ANNIE LAURIE SHARKEY, ST. LOUIS, MO.
The love, or rather the feeling, not known or not named
by philosophers, of the negro slaves of the South for their
masters was exemplified fully by "Old Jerry" and his young
master of Company C, 3d Mississippi Regiment, C. S. A.
Jerry was very proud of his company, as lie called Company
C, and was very fond of its officers ; but when punishment
fell on his young master, Jerry expressed his dissent in no
uncertain terms. As the officers all knew Jerry and his at-
tachment for the company, and especially for his young mas-
ter, they laughed off any of Jerry's harsh words or muttered
disapprovals. The officers were always joking Jerry and.
therefore, took from him what they would resent from others.
In the cold winter of 1863 the brigade to which Company
C was attached was placed in camp several miles from the
firing line. As the regiment was without tents or other
means of protection from the inclement weather, Jerry con-
Ifcived the idea of making a shed for his mess, or, in other
words, the mess to which his master belonged. Poles wen-
cut about sixteen feet long. A frow was borrowed from a
farm near by to rive boards from trees. Then a pen was
built with the poles sixteen feet square, with one end left
open for the camp fire. One side was higher than the other
to give pitch to the roof, and the boards were held in place
by logs on each course, as no nails could be had. Others did
not build any cover as homelike as Jerry's, and his mess was
the envy of all. When the house was finished and the cracks
between the logs were daubed with mud, Jerry was given a
pass by his master for a three days' foraging trip, which time
would take him several miles from the range of the twelve-
hour passes of the soldiers. Canteens and haversacks were
given him in which to bring any eatables or drinknblcs he
might find. All the mess contributed to the fund.
Jerry stayed the allotted time, and on the evening of the
third day he came into camp well ladened with filled haver-
sacks and canteens. A slight snow had fallen, and the wind
1 was cold and strong. As Jerry appeared at the camp fire
he was warmly greeted by the soldiers standing around the
blazing logs at the opening of the pen. Jerry looked in the
pen for his master, and. not seeing him at his accustomed
plnee on a blanket playing cards (there was the old crowd at
the game known now as poker, but then as "the life of
. camp," and the captain of the company was intensely inter-
ested as one of the players), he supposed that his master wa^
on guard or on picket duty. Addressing the captain in a
surly voice, he said : "Captain, you sho'ly hain't sent Marse
> C. out in this cold and snow, and he nothing but a po', weakly
boy!" As the captain was drawing to a pair of kings and
skinning his draw for another king to meet a two-card draw,
he paid little attention to Jerry. Jerry said again : "Captain,
heah you is settin' round a good fire and a good roof over
your head playing them sinful cards and that boy out in the
cold keeping the Yankees offen you. Why don't you answer
ime and tell me where Marse C. is?"
I As no king appeared in the draw, the captain threw down
[his hand and said : "Jerry, the general had C. up at his head-
I 'quarters the day you left, and 1 expect you had better go
there and inquire for him."
Aha ! I have been expecting the general would hear
Df Marse C. down here acting a common soldier, and p'inted-
ly knew he would send for him when he heard wtio his folks
■ was back in Mississippi." Picking up his haversacks and
smteens, he started to headquarters.
One of the soldiers on the outside of the tent said: "Jerry,
I expect you had better look in as you go by the 'bull pen'
and see if C. is not in there, as he has contracted a habit of
staying in the bull pen."
Jerry looked at him and, with scorn in voice and eyes, said :
"If I was you and had been put in the bull pen as often as
you has, I wouldn't look a calf in the face and would run
from a mulley cow." Laughing at his own wit. Jerry started
again to the headquarters.
"Hold on, Jerry," said another soldier. "You can't take all
these things you brought to C, as we all paid in for them."
Jerry stopped and looked at this soldier and said: "Heah is
all your money. I didn't have to pay out a cent for what I
got. I just told the good white ladies who I belonged to, and
they knowed what kind of folks my folks was. and they gin
me what I got."
"Now, Jerry." said the soldier, "you know that the ladies
here don't know anything about your folks "
"Aha ! They don't ? Don't you know that folks can read
here as well as in Mississippi, and our folks is writ about in
every book 'cept the Bible? I told a lady 'way up in Ken-
tucky who I b'longed to and what smart folks they was, and
she said she expected everybody knew of our folks but
Davis, w-ho didn't know that Marse C was a private, or he
would have made him a general "
Jerry was left to go out to headquarters and there found
out that C, with several others, had stolen out of camp and
gone to a dance in the near-by village, where they had been
caught by the provost guard and marched to headquarters.
The general had sent them to the captain for punishment,
and C. had been put in the bull pen. Jerry hastened back,
as mad as the noted "wet hen." He appeared again at the fire
before the pen and said : "Captain, here you is settin' here
playin' cards in the boss's house as warm as a cat and that
poor boy freezin' in that dratted old bull pen. Come right
on and turn the boss right out."
The captain, still more interested in his hand at poker than
he was in C.'s troubles, delayed.
One of the soldiers said : "Jerry, you have some pine top
whisky in those canteens, and I know no ladies gave you
whisky for your boss."
"No, they didn't: but I helped a man with his still, and he
gin me a canteen full."
"Yes, and you stole the other," said the soldier.
"Stole — yus, stole — you sho'ly talks like a conscrip'. Sol-
diers don't steal ; they furrage."
As the captain had not moved, Jerry began again : "Cap-
tain, come on ; that boy is going to freeze. You lay down
that old deck of sin and come wid me."
The captain rose, saying : "Well, I will have to go or kill
that old black devil, and we have no time to haul off his old
black carcass."
Jerry walked off by the side of the captain to the pull pen.
When he came back with the young soldier, some of the
boys said: "Jerry, did you beg the captain very hard?"
"Me beg? Xo, Ise got sense. I just unstopped that can-
teen of whisky and had it on my shoulder next to the cap-
tain, and I said right straight out : 'Captain, ain't you goin'
to turn the boss out of that old cold bull pen ? You know
'tain't no harm for young men to dance with nice ladies.' He
sorter sniffed his nose next to the canteen and said, 'Jerry,
I reckon C.'s already punished sufficiently,' and ordered the
guard to turn Private C, of Company C, out of the pen. The
smell of good whisky will move folks better'n beggin' will."
126
(^oi)federat^ l/eterai).
THE PASSING OF THE GRAY.
BY LULA TIMMONS.
(Dedicated tojiuigej. P. Thompson.]
The drum's last note has sounded,
The bugle call is stilled,
For one who wore the gray to-day
A soldier's grave has filled.
The battle field is silent,
No sound of cannon's roar ;
The flags are all at half mast,
And their folds unfurl no more.
The marching hosts are silent ;
There's no sound of martial tread.
For lo ! the moving line denotes
The cortege of the dead.
The earth her snowy mantle wraps
Around the cold, still form,
As though in sympathy she tries
To make the cold cell warm.
Sleep on, thou brave and gallant dead—
The men who wore the gray.
Sleep on, and may thy rest be sweet
Till the final reveille!
Judge J. P. Thompson.
Judge J. P. Thompson, one of the oldest and best-known
citizens of Lebanon, Ky., died at his home there on January
14 after a long illness. Few men in Marion County were
more generally known and esteemed than Judge Thompson.
Big in body and brain, kind in disposition, with a pleasant
greeting for all, with a record of personal valor proved on
the field of battle, with a capacity demonstrated during a long
and successful legal career and in the conduct of various
responsible positions with which he was honored, he possessed
the respect and hearty good will of his neighbors to an extent
seldom enjoyed by any citizen.
Joseph Pinkney Thompson was a member of one of the
pioneer families of the county. He was born near Raywick
August 15, 1838. After graduating at St. Mary's College, he
became a member of its faculty and was teaching school there
when the war broke out He went to Tennessee and enlisted
with some schoolmates at Red Springs in October, 1861, as
a private in the 13th Regiment, Tennessee Infantry. On
September 22, 1862, he was commissioned first lieutenant of
Company C; and in April, 1865, when the Tennessee regiments
consolidated in North Carolina, he was made captain of
Company I, 4th Tennessee Regiment, his company including
what remained of the old 2d and 13th Regiments.
He was surrendered at Fort Donelson and held as a pris-
oner at Camp Butler, 111., lor seven months. He was ex-
changed at Vicksburg, took part in Sherman's defeat at Chick-
asaw Bayou, Miss., in December, 1862, and with Gregg's Bri-
gade won fame in the spirited battle of Raymond in May,
1863. He was with Johnston's army at Rocky Face, New
Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Decatur,
and Atlanta. After suffering a long sickness in a hospital at
Macon, he rejoined the army at Duck River, Tenn., and ac-
companied it to the Carolina?, fighting at Bentonville and
surrendering at Greensboro.
At the close of the war Judge Thompson taught school and
studied law at Elizabethtown. In 1867 he was admitted to
the Lebanon bar. having formed a partnership with Judge
Kavanaugh. From 1869 to 1878 he was County Judge of
Marion County, and from 1876 to 1880 he was Master Com-
missioner of the Marion Circuit Court. In 1881 he was elected
to the legislature, and for four years he was Chairman of
the Kentucky Railroad Commission.
Judge Thompson is survived by his wife, who was Miss
Eliza Lancaster, to whom he was married on February 4,
1868, and five children, three sons and two daughters.
Maj. Robert Randolph Henry.
Maj. Robert R. Henry, Past Commander of Brown-Harman
Camp, U. C. V., died at his home, in Tazewell, Va., October 7,
1915. He was born at
Chester, S. C, April 26,
1845, the son of Wil-
liam Dickinson Henry,
a planter and cotton
merchant of Chester,
and Julia Hall, a native
of Fredericksburg, Va.
His great-grandfather
came to America from
County Tyrone, Ireland,
in the year 1725 and
settled near Harrisburg,
Pa. The early life of
Robert Henry was
spent in Chester, until
the death of his father,
in 1856, when he went
with his mother to Vir-
ginia and spent the re-
mainder of his boyhood
days in Fredericksburg
and Petersburg. Just
before the breaking out of the War between the States he
entered Bloomfield Academy, a famous school in Albemarle
County, Va. ; and from Bloomfield, at the age of sixteen years,
he entered the Confederate army and served throughout the
war. He enlisted in Company E, 12th Virginia Infantry; but
during the last two years of the war he was on staff duty,
first with Gen. R. H. Anderson and then with Gen. William
Mahone. Major Henry was three times wounded and had
five horses killed under him in action.
After the war he studied law privately and settled at Wise
Courthouse in 1872 and there filled the position of common-
wealth's attorney for three years. He then removed to Taze-
well, Va., and practiced his profession until his death. He
was associated with Judge S. C. Graham as early as 1873, and
this law firm was thought to be the oldest practicing in Vir-
ginia. On December 19, 1869, Major Henry was married to
Miss Lucy Strother Ashby, of Culpepper, Va. : and of this
MAJ. ROBERT R. HENRY.
Qoofederat^ 1/eterai).
i-7
marriage were born seven children, all of whom survive him
with their mother. Major Henry was an affectionate husband
and father. The ample competence left to his family was
gained in a life of honest toil and close application to his
profession. As a member and commander of Brown-Harman
Camp lie was always interested in its progress and welfare,
and no needy comrade ever applied to him in vain. At the
State reunion held in Norfolk in 1910 he was elected Com-
mander of the 2d Brigade, Virginia Division, U. D. C, a
recognition of his faithful service to his country.
[From tribute prepared by James P. Whitman, Horsepen.
Va.]
I lR F» >■' < : I Galt.
1)i Francis I Gait, who was surj onfederati
cruiser Alabama during the War between the States, died at
his home. Woodside, near Uppen ille, \ .1.. on November 17.
1915, aged eighty-three years. Di Gall was also a member
of Admiral Tucker's party which first explored the head-
waters of the \mazon River for the Peruvian government.
Francis L, Gall was the son of Maj. John M. Calt, of the
United States army and later of the Confederate army. He
was born at Norfolk. Va., attended the schools of his native
city, and graduated in medicim at thn 1 ges. finishing up
in New York City .'it the age of eighteen. He was a surgeon
in the United Stati - navy, bul at the commencement of the
war he offered his services to his native State and was as-
signed first to the Confederate ship St. Lawrence and later
to the Alabama, on which ship he remained until she was
sunk in the famous duel with her powerful antagonist, the
United States ship Kcarsargc. off Cherbourg. France.
Dr. Gait drifted back to Norfolk, taking with him, among
other relics, a small pie< e of the Alabama. He engaged for
a while in the practice of his profession and in business in
Norfolk. When a French ship, Versailles, came into Hamp-
ton Roads with its crew terribly afflicted with yellow fever and
without medical aid, 1 '1 Gait, who had had much expet
with the di 1 ase in different parts of the globe, at once offered
his services and remained aboard the ship until the epidemic-
was conquered. For this heroic service he was well rewarded
by the French government and was presented a beautiful gold
watch, suitably engraved, by Emperor Louis Napoleon. Soon
after this he wenl to Uppervilli and settled down to the life
of a "countrj doctot
Dr. Gait was cultured and intelligent, but very modest and
retiring In his practice, extending over a long period of
Li he did much charitable work, and much of the good he
did will never be known, Dr. Gait married Miss Lucy Ran-
dolph, of Loudoun County. He is survived by his widow, one
son. and one daughter
Jefferson Cot \iv Camp, No. 132, U. ( \
fefferson County Camp, of Charlestown, W. Va., reports the
death of the following comrades since Memorial Day. 1015:
< i. W, Armentrout, tst Missouri Regiment, Cochrane's Bri-
gade,
William Bragg, Staunton Home Guards.
( '. F Gallaher, Company A. 2d Virginia Infantry
I. T. Littleton. Moshy's Battalion.
Titstin Starry. Company B, 1 2th Virginia Cavalry.
Campbell Janney, Moore's 2d Virginia Infantry.
Isaac Strider, Company B. 12th Virginia Cavalry.
Rr\. J. T. Williams, Mosbv's Battalion.
John Quick. Company A, White's Battalion.
James McGarry, Company D, 12th Virginia Cavalry.
Joseph Painter, toth Virginia Infantry.
ii ikin \N[i
Capt. William O. Gordon.
Capt. William Osceola Gordon died suddenly at his home,
in Trenton, Tenn., on December 8, 1915. He was born at
Jackson, La., July 13, 1843, and his early life was spent on
the farm and at school. When the first call for troops to
defend the South was made in Louisiana, he entered the Con-
federate army as a private soldier ; and from the day he en-
tered the service to the time of his surrender at Demopolis,
Ala., his life was that of a brave and gallant soldier, loving
the cause for which he fought and fearlessly leading in the
forefront of many
hard-fought battles.
Belmont, Murfrces-
boro. Missionary
Ridge, Chickamauga.
Pcrryville, and Shi-
loh were some of the
hotly contested fields
upon which his cour-
age was tried. From
a private he ri
the rank of captain
and ever held the
love and confidence
his comrades.
After the war Cap-
tain Gordon returned
to Louisiana and be-
gan his life work
under the trying or-
deals of the days of
Recoils- In 1867 he was married to Miss Emma
Faulkner, a fair-faced Southern girl who was connected with a
romantic epi In the midst of a running
fight she had waved him a cheering salute from the window
of her father's home, and he never forgot the vision. For
nearly fifty years they journeyed together, exemplifying in
its fullness the highest type of married life. In 1872 he re-
1 County. Tenn., and became one of the most
successful farmers in the county. His home, near Trenton,
was one of happiness and hospitality. His comrades gathered
there m reunion, and the young people met there in social
gatherings, all enjoying the entertainment that such a home
can give. On every recurring 14th of February the wedded
vows of this devoted pair were renewed in the presence of
friends invited to partake of the good cheer of these occasions.
iin Gordon was one of the organizers of Camp Rus-
sell. No. oe>(p. U. C. V., at Trenton, and to this organization
he gave his time, his means, and his love. He especially
forward to the reunions t bis comrades. In 1910 he
was made brigadier general commanding the Third Brigade,
Tennessee Division. U. C. V., which he held to the time of his
death. A few years ago, when age came on and strength be-
gan to fail, he gave up his farm life and purchased a beautiful
home in Trenton. His beloved wife, a son. and two daugh-
ters survive him.
In his suit of Confederate gray and with the Stars and
Bars draped about his casket he was borne to his last resting
place. Confederate veterans were his pallbearers, a company
of veterans timed his guard of honor, and the members of
Russell-Hill Chapter, I". D. C. were an escort of honor.
With the touching service of the Confederate Veterans this
gallant soldier was laid away to await the call that shall mar-
the faithful on the fields of paradise.
128
^op federate l/eterap,
George T. McLaurine.
George Taylor McLaurine was born near Pulaski, 1 enn.,
May 29, 1837, and died at Birmingham, Ala., July 16, 1915.
He was the eldest son of Franklin T. and Ann Laird Mc-
Laurine. There were four brothers of this family in the
Confederate service and two brothers-in-law, Capt. W. D.
Heflin, of Mississippi, and Col. T. M. Gordon, of Tennessee.
The latter was an adjutant under Gen. B. F. Cheatham in
Mexico and later a colonel of Confederate cavalry.
Mr. McLaurine was of Scotch-Irish descent, of a large and
exceptionally fine family, a great-grandson of the Rev. Robert
McLaurine, an Episcopal bishop, born in Scotland, who came
to Virginia in 1751 and preached to the colonies. Since
colonial times his descendants have been making history for
our country, many of them having attained to positions of
eminence in political and military circles, among them Colonel
Mosby, of Confederate fame.
In April, 1861, George McLaurine enlisted in the 3d Ten-
nessee Regiment, Company B, with John C. Brown as colonel
and T. M. Gordon as lieutenant colonel. Among the engage-
ments in which he participated were those of Springdale,
Chickasaw Bayou, and Port Hudson, La., previous to his cap-
ture in the battle of Raymond, Miss. As a prisoner for a
period of twenty-two months he ran the gamut of human suf-
fering in four Northern prisons — Camp Morton, Ind., El-
mira, N. Y., Fort Delaware, and Point Lookout, Md.— dis-
daining to compromise his honor by taking the oath of al-
legiance as the price of liberty. He was paroled after Lee's
surrender at Richmond and returned home to find it in ashes
from the invader's torch.
Mr. McLaurine was endowed with the highest sense of
honor, and naught could swerve him from the path of right
as he saw it. He was a Mason of more than fifty years'
standing and a Christian gentleman. In 1872 he married Miss
Eddie Hewlett, daughter of Col. T. H. Hewlett, of Hunts-
ville, Ala., where he resided for many years, engaging in the
cotton business. His widow and three children, two sons and
a daughter, survive him — all of Birmingham.
Mrs. S. W. B. Morris.
Mrs. Sallie Withers Bruce Morris was born in Lynchburg,
Va., March 25, 1835, and died in Covington, Ky., December
18, 1915, in her eighty-first year. She was a Virginia Colonial
Dame, having joined many years before there was a
Kentucky society. She was a charter member of the Colonial
Daughters, Honorary President of the E. M. Bruce Chapter,
U. D. C, and received the cross of honor through the record
of her distinguished husband, the late Hon. E. M. Bruce,
a member of the Confederate Congress from Kentucky. She
had charge of a hospital ward during those trying years of
1861-65 and stood close to her husband in all his good work,
visiting battle fields, distributing Bibles, and knitting socks
for the soldiers. Lynchburg was named for her mother's
family, who originated the real Lynch Law, not as it is used
to-day, but a very necessary law during Judge Lynch's life.
Her life was true and beautiful. Coming generations of
Americans will honor and love her memory and will remem-
ber with pride that she was truly a most devoted mother of
the Confederacy, beautiful in feature, an accomplished musi-
cian, and a sweet singer. How often when entertaining the
United Daughters of the Confederacy and veterans at her
beautiful and hospitable home has she charmed them by sing-
ing sweet Southern songs ! Often she would ask : "What is
stronger in the undying past than my association with the
true and brave in Richmond, Va., from 1861 to 1865?"
This noble woman, one of the choicest of all God's creation,
has passed beyond the flowing river and has become there,
as here, an angel and will be waiting and watching with the
Master to welcome those who have known and loved her and
mourn her so sincerely.
To those who were so fortunate as to know her no eulogy
is necessary. Words are too feeble to portray the worth of
so rare and beautiful a character.
[J. M. Arnold, Covington, Ky.]
John Bonner Stuart.
Another gap has been made in the fast-fading gray line, an-
other patriot "has crossed over the river and is resting under
the shade of the trees" with the host of comrades who have
preceded him. John Bonner Stuart was born in Dallas County,
Ala., October 23, 1842, and died at his home, in Sumter
County, in December 26, 1915. He enlisted in the Jeff Davis
Artillery at Selma, Ala., July 15, 1861, and was mustered into
the service as a Confederate soldier at Montgomery, Ala., on
the 27th of the same month. Soon afterwards he went with
his company to the
front at Fairfax C.
H., Va., where he
became an individual
and powerful part of
that incomparable
body of soldiers which
will ever live in his-
tory, the Army of
Northern Virginia.
With the exception
of a short absence
while in the hospital
in Richmond, Va.,
during October, 1861,
he was present and
participated in every
campaign and battle
of his command until
wounded and cap-
TOHN B. STUART. , . ,,..,, .
tured at Middletown,
Va., October 19, 1864, the battle which put Sheridan's famous
ride into poetry. Thus he was a brave and active partici-
pant in almost every great battle and many of the smaller
ones fought by the Army of Northern Virginia to the time
of his capture and imprisonment. He was imprisoned at Point
Lookout. Md. ; and notwithstanding the cruel treatment re-
ceived from his brutal negro guards and those in authority at
the prison and the repeated suave offers by captors to re-
lease him from his torture if he would desert the government
he had sworn to defend, he remained firm and faithful to the
cause he so dearly loved. He was not released until the 16th
of June, 1865.
With his comrades he sadly returned to his native Alabama,
and as faithfully and bravely as he had served as a Confed-
erate soldier he exerted himself during the remaining half
century of his life to rebuild its waste places and rehabilitate
its former grand prestige.
In all the relations of life John Bonner Stuart was true,
clearly demonstrating that faithfulness can feed on suffering
and know no disappointment. His was a courage that scorned
to bend to mean devices for sordid purposes.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
129
Capt. J. C. Waren.
Jacob Cathey Waren was born December 25, 1842, in Roane
(now Loudon) County, Tenn., and died at his home, near
Sweetwater, Tenn., May II, 1915. His father, Jacob Waren.
was born in Virginia, but came to Tennessee as one of the
pioneers of Loudon County. His mother was Mary Cathey,
daughter of George Cathey, a scout in the Revolutionary War.
and she had five uncles with Jackson in the War of 1812.
When the call for volunteers was sounded throughout our
beloved Southland in 1861, among the first names enrolled was
that of Jacob Cathey Waren, who enlisted July 27 in Capt
John A. Rowan's Cavalry company, which was afterwards
known as Company G, 2d Tennessee Cavalry, Ashby's Brigade.
Hume's Division, Wheeler's Corps. Army of Tennessee.
Captain Waren was never captured, was nc\cr wounded
enough to be kept out of battle, and was never absent without
leave. He was perhaps in as many battles and skirmishes as
any soldier in the army, having served under General Caswell,
later under General Zollicoffcr in Ea I rennessee and Ken-
picky, under General Smith in Bragg*! campaign in Kentucky,
with General Ledbetter on Ins raid into Morgan and Scott
Counties in 1862, with General Pegram on his raid into Ken-
tucky in 1863, followed General Sander's Federal raid through
East Tennessee, with General Wheeler on his famous raid
around Rosecrans's rear, with General Longstrcet at I
ville, then down into Georgia Ringgold, Tunnel Hill, Buzzard
Roost, Rocky Face, Dalton, Resaca, Calhoun, Cassville, King-
ston, Lost Mountain, New Hope Church, near Marietta.
He went on secret service into East Tennessee F01 General
Wheeler; next down into Alabama, near Gadsden; then to
Aiken, S. C, Allston, and Lancaster; charged the Yankees
with Warren's Scouts at White's Store, X. C, and Horns-
boro, S. C. ; on to Fayetteville and Bentonville, N. C. ; and
at Goldsboro he charged with his scouts and other troops
placed under his command.
The most important part <>l t aptain Warm's service to the
Confederacy was rendered as a scout, in which capacity he
served the greater part of the time during the war. He was
recommended by Colonel Kulin to the commanding general
as the best scout 111 his regiment General Humes recom-
mended him for promotion and asked thai he he appointed as
chief of scouts on his staff for his important service as a
scout and in securing important information in regard to the
movement of the Federal army. In a council of war held a
short time before the surrender General Wheeler Stat
several of the leading ..Hirers then with the Army of Tennes-
see (including General Allen and several other generals) that
Waren was the best scout in the army and the best woods-
man in the world. General Wheeler appointed him chief of
scouts just a short time before the surrender. On account of
the nature of his servia as SCOUt, etc., General Sherman would
not allow him the terms of surrender granted other Confed-
erate soldiers, so he was never paroled. General Wheeler
gave him a "pass at will," which pass, dated April 20, 1865.
was perhaps the last ever issued to a Confederate soldier.
After the fall of the Confederacy Captain Waren accepted
the changed conditions and set about to help build up his
country and in his citizenship reflected honor, as did his
soldiership for the Confederacy. For a number of years he
was sheriff of Monroe County and served with fidelity. In
1882 he was elected trustee, and he represented his county in
the legislature in 1002.
His love for the Confederacy and his belief in its principles
were strong to the last. He was always deeply interested in
anything that pertained to the Confederate cause, and to him
the annual reunions were love feasts. Loving the Stars and
Bars as he did. he was true to the Stars and Stripes as the
flag of his reunited country. "His courage knew no bounds,
his heart no fear."
The Gen. J. C. Vaughn Chapter. I D. C, of Sweetwater,
passed resolutions in honor of "one dear to us by all the ties
of paternal love and whom we revered — as gallant a soldier
as ever wore the gray."
fFrom a tribute by Mira Love Lowry.]
Deaths in Camp Lomax, U. C. V.
\t the annual meeting of Camp Lomax, No. 151, U. C. V.,
■ t Montgomery, Ala., on January 19 the Memorial Committee
reported the death of six members during the past year. A
-pecial tribute was paid to their memory in the following:
we can say in truth and in just pride that our dead are
among the heroic dead; that their deeds and services, like
those of all the heroic dead of every age, become the priceless
heritage of the human race; that their influence and example
are like the benedictions of an enduring priesthood and an in-
spiration for the betterment of mankind Thus, while we
their death and feel keenly the pang of the severed tie
which in true comradeship bound them to us. still we rejoice
that they did in life so well every duty; that now they sweetly
sleep, each in his silent tent spread on I am. s eternal camping
ground'; and that 'Glory guards with solemn round the bivouac
of our dead.'
"Committee As. I . Stratton, K Semnies "
Following are the names of those dead, with their respective
commands ;
J. A. Kirkpatrick, Walton's Battery. Died January 24. 1915.
W. M Tcague. Company I. .id Alabama Infantry Died
March 18. 1915
R. E. Fannin. Company K. 33d Alabama Infantry Died
April 3, 1915-
Teyton Bibb, Alabama Cadet Corps. Died August 29. 1915.
II. C. Smilei, Company B. 51st Alabama Cavalry. Died
August 16, 1915.
V 1! Garland. Company B. 44th Virginia Infantrv Died
October 3,
John T. Roberts.
John I Roberts, born in Goldsboro, N ' tier 1,
1842, died at his home, in Tampa, Fla., on October 24, 1915,
having reached the age of seventy-three years. He grew up
at Goldsboro ; and when the w-ar came on he and two younger
brothers ran away from college to join the Confederate army,
enlisting in the same company. They entered the service on
April 1, 18(11 at Macon, N. C, as privates in Company K,
27th North Carolina Infantry, and served faithfully to the
end. John T. Roberts was detailed as a courier for General
Cook. He took part in many battles and was wounded three
times. He was on crutches for nine months with a Minie
ball in his ankle He was paroled at Appomattox.
After the surrender Comrade Roberts returned to his home,
in North Carolina, and went to work as a farmer and car-
penter, doing his part manfully in rebuilding his State. Some
years ago he removed to Florida and made his home in that
State for the rest of his life. He was married in 1865 and
is survived by his wife and seven children, five daughters and
two sons.
13°
Qopfederat^ l/eterai)
Confederate Veterans' Association of Savannah, Ga
The following deaths have occurred in the membership of
the Confederate Veterans' Association of Savannah, Ga.
(Camp 756, U. C. V.), during the past months:
James Manning, who died at Jacksonville, Fla., December
•7. 'O-'S, entered the service of the Confederate States in
August, 1861, at Savannah, Ga., as a private of Company D,
22d Georgia Battalion, and served to 1865, attaining the rank
of captain of Company B, Oglethorpe Light Artillery. In the
battle of Averyboro, N. C, March 14, 1865, he was captured
and sent to prison at New Bern, N. C, thence to Point Look-
out, Md., Old Capitol Prison, Washington, D. C. and then
to Johnson's Island until June 17, 1865, when he returned to
Savannah.
L. A. McCarthy died at Savannah, Ga., January 8, 1916.
He entered the service at Fort Pulaski in 1861 as a member
of Company B, Oglethorpe Light Artillery, 1st Volunteer
Regiment of Georgia, and attained the rank of sergeant and
assistant engineer of the Confederate steamship Resolute. He
was in prison at Hilton Head, Old Capitol, Washington, D.
G, Point Lookout, and Fort Delaware. He was paroled at
Fort Delaware and Augusta, Ga.
R. H. Wylly died December 7, 19 15. He entered the serv-
ice in May, 1861, as a private in the Republican Blues, Com-
pany C, 1st Independent Volunteer Regiment of Georgia.
He was afterwards transferred to the Oglethorpe Light Ar-
tillery, Company H, same regiment, then to Troop D, 7th
Georgia Regiment of Cavalry, and attained the rank of cap-
tain, commanding the 2d Squadron.
W. B. Metzger, who died on November 1, 1915, entered the
service in the fall of 1861 in the Effingham Hussars, Company
I, 5th Georgia Cavalry. Col. Robert H. Anderson command-
ing, and surrendered near Hillsboro, N. C, in April, 1865.
H C. Harden.
H. C. Harden, a veteran of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway,
having given fifty years of service to that road, died at his
home, in Savannah, Ga., on December 21, 1915, at the age of
seventy-one years. He was born in that city, and his life was
spent there, with the exception of the years given to service
in the Confederate army. The following is taken from his
military record as written by himself:
"In May, 1861, the Governor of Georgia called for sixty-
day volunteers. H. C. Harden, when a boy sixteen years old
at school, secured permission from Capt. G. A. Gordon to
drill with the Phcenix Riflemen at night and about the 29th
of May mustered in for sixty days and went to Fort Pulaski.
On August 10 they returned to Savannah and mustered out
of service, but then reenlisted for six months and returned
to Fort Pulaski In September this company was sent to
Thunderbolt to build breastworks Comrade Harden was
one of ten selected by Major Gordon to scout the island.
There were then three companies — A, B, and C, 13th Georgia
Battalion. He belonged to Company C. Other companies
joined in and formed the 63d Georgia Regiment, Col. G. A.
Gordon commanding.
"About July I, 1863, Companies C and K were ordered to
Charleston, S. C, and saw service on James Island, at Seces-
sionville, and then on Morris Island, being in charge of the
heavy guns in Battery Wagner. H. C. Harden was gunner of
the eight-inch gun during the assault on the 18th of July, 1863,
and his company had five killed and nine badly wounded. In
August, 1863, the company returned to Savannah for recruits ;
and ill April, 1804. the regiment was ordered to join the
Western Army at Dalton, Ga., leaving Savannah with fourteen
hundred men. The first fight was at Rocky Face, on Dug
Gap, May 5, 1S64; and then there were fighting and marching
• lay and night until about June 26, when they arrived at
Kennesaw Mountain. Comrade Harden was wounded in the
head on June 24. He ran away from the hospital July 19
and returned to his company just in time to go in the battle
of Peachtree Creek on the 20th. His wound had not healed,
and his imprudence caused him a great deal of pain, as his
skull had been fractured.
"He was captured on April 13, 1865, and paroled thirteen
days later. He was in Gen. W. H. T. Walker's division until
the latter was killed in the battle of Atlanta, July 2, 1864
Then this brigade was put in Gen. Pat Cleburne's division
until General Cleburne was killed at Franklin, Tenn., Novem-
ber 30, 1864. Then, until the close of the war, April 26, 1865.
Gen. W. H. Smith commanded the division.
Miss Maggie Stuart Campbell
On the 17th of January, 1916. Miss Maggie Stuart Camp-
bell passed from earth to that land "where beyond these voices
there is peace." And so passed an earnest Christian woman
who ministered faithfully to Confederate soldiers during the
war and was devoted to the memory of the cause for which
they fought. She was born August 19, 1837, at the family
seat. Drumaboden House. County Donegal, Ireland, the oldest
of the seven children of John Campbell and his wife, Eliza-
beth Lytle. The family is a branch of the Scottish family
. Campbell, of which the Duke of Argyle is the head.
John Campbell and his family came from Ireland to Frank-
lin, Tenn., in 1851. When the War between the States came
on, he espoused the cause of the Confederacy enthusiastically.
Two brothers who were old enough entered the army. Joseph
Lytle was killed at Chickamauga, and William served in an
Alabama cavalry regiment to the end of the war.
I first met Miss Maggie the day after the battle of Franklin.
She was ministering to our wounded. She and her young
sister had spent the whole night before in cooking for and
feeding Confederate soldiers. She was untiring in her efforts
to serve our cause, and she was ever the intelligent, devoted
champion of the Confederacy. To her the words "Presby-
terian and Confederate" won her confidence. She was a
woman of tender heart and high principle. Children loved
her.
(Tribute by James H McNeilly, D.D., Nashville, Tenn.]
W. A. Benham.
Comrade W. A. Benham died at his home, in Wills Poini,
Tex., February 24, 1915. He was born in Florence, Ala..
February 13. 1846, and there reared and educated. He joined
the Confederate army in January, 1862, as a member of Com-
pany E, 27th Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. James
Jackson. He was captured at Fort Donelson in February.
1862, and taken to Camp Douglas, Chicago. He was after-
wards exchanged at Vicksburg, Miss. He reenlisted and was
again taken prisoner and sent to Rock Island Prison. He
was married to Miss Mattie Marks, of Lauderdale County,
Ala., in 1867. They moved to Texas in 1869. He was a
Mason for thirty-five years and a consistent member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He had been a member
of the Wills Point Camp, No. 302, U. C. V., since its or-
ganization. His cheerful disposition made him a welcome
visitor anvwhere.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
•3'
' I MOMU!
George J Morhison
George J. Morrison was born July 24, 1836. at Smithfield,
Isle of Wight County, Va., but shortly before the War be-
tween the States he moved to Petersburg and lived an hon-
ored citizen of that city until his death, June 3, 1915. He is
buried in historic old Blandford Cemetery, at Petersburg.
Others may have performed more distinguished service for
the Confederacy and risen higher in rank and thereby at-
tracted more attention to
their deeds, but none ever
entered the armies of the
Confederacy from higher
and purer motives of patri-
otism than Sergt. George J
Morrison, Company A, 12th
Virginia Infantry. This
was Mahone's old regiment,
and to those who are con-
versant with the history of
the battles of the war it
will ho apparent that Ser-
geant Morrison experienced
a full share of tin- vicissi-
tudes of that war
He was a man of re-
markable philosophic cheerfulness, and on the march, in the
bivouac, in battle, nr amid any and all of the untoward events
of life he was a regular "Mark Taplcy," always jolly, taking
an optimistic view of things that would have depressed others
When shot through the body, apparently where his heart ought
to have been, and his life was saved almost, as it were, by a
■tirade, his comment was: "It surely would have been worse
had not my heart been in my boots or throat."
He was a deeply religious man and turned his faith to more
practical account than most men : and it mattered not what
unaccountable misfortunes befell him, in them by his unswerv-
ing faith he could see the "finger of God" and accept the re-
sults with a cheerful trust in a good and a merciful God.
In all of the relations of life he was good and true — to his
country, his family, and his friends — and despised meanness
and hypocrisy either in high or low places. And when such
• a good, true, and honorable soldier wraps the "drapery of his
couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams," his
virtues should be perpetuated.
[E. M. Morrison, colonel 15th Virginia Infantry'. Pickett's
Division.]
Theodore Marquis
Theodore Marquis, who died January 13, 1916. at Fari-
bault, Minn., was born February 2, 1835, in Jefferson County.
Ind. In 1855 he went to Minnesota and from there in i860
to the South, where on March 13, 1862, he enlisted in Com-
pany 1, 28th Mississippi Cavalry', and served during the en-
tire war, with the exception of the time he was wounded and
in the hospital. He was in Vicksburg during the sice and
was taken prisoner at Franklin, Tenn., where he was wounded
He was released from Point Lookout Prison June 6. [865
After the war Mr. Marquis returned to the North, and in
1869 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Jane Cowan, who died
in 191 1. Almost totally deaf and with poor eyesight, he
spent his declining years at the home of his daughter He
always kept in touch with his old comrades and was a faith-
ful reader of the Veteran In 1000 he was presented with
the Southern cross of honor
Capt. James Newton Frazier
Alter many weeks of suffering. Capt. James N. Frazier died
at Harrison Hospital, Cynthiana, Ky., on December 31, 1915
As the old year was chiming its farewells our comrade heard
the "bugle call" across the mystic tide and answered to bivouac
on the camp ground beyond the river
Captain Frazier was born in Pendleton County, near Fal-
mouth, in July, 1832, and was a son of John and Sarah
Montjoy Frazier. He was married to Miss Lizzie Keller in
1861. He served during the War between the States in Com-
pany K, 9th Kentucky Cavalry. Col. W. C. P. Breckinridge's
regiment. He entered the service under Capt. John Shawlan,
but went to Chattanooga, Tenn., and formed Company K, of
the 9th Cavalry, in which he saw distinguished service in
Kentucky, North Carolina, Georgia. Tennessee, and Alabama.
Colonel Breckinridge held him in highest esteem as captain
His liravery and gallantry were noteworthy. Of his old com-
pany, only six are now living. He also saw service under
Gen. John H. Morgan and was in all of Morgan's celebrated
raids At the death of the General Captain Frazier was trans-
ferred to Gen. Joe Wheeler's command, with which he served
to the end of the war. When General Lee evacuated Rich-
mond, Captain Frazier was among the special escort that
guarded his train. There was not a braver man in the Con-
federate army nor one who was more considerate of his men
At Cynthiana and in Harrison County Captain FYazier was
regarded as one of the "grand old men.'' He was as gentle
and lovable as he was brave and gallant. Of a pleasant per-
sonality, fine address, and good mixing qualities, he held the
esteem of all men. He had served as sheriff of Harrison
County. Two daughters sur
L C. Pri
L. C. Price, the master of Penmoken Stock Fat
ington, Ky.. died suddenly on the night of December 14. 1915.
at the age of sixty-five years. He was born in Jessamine
County, but was engaged in business in Lexington for many
years. After retiring from active business, in 1899. he de-
voted his attention to his stock farm, which he made famous
for its Shetland ponies. They were exhibited throughout the
State, winning many prizes, and sold in all sections of the
I 'nited States.
His wife, who was Miss Mary Mason, of Mississippi, sur-
vives him with a son, L. C. Price, Jr. Mr. Price was a
member of the Christian Church and was universallv es
teemed.
Of his father's service as a soldier of the Confederacy, the
son writes : "My father said very little of his career in the
war; and I do not think he was a regularly enlisted soldier,
being only eleven years old when the war broke out I
think that he ran away several times with General Morgan's
command, but was always sent back on account of his youth
He was a captain of guards after the war and was active in
suppressing negro riots. On one occasion he faced a mob of
about two hundred of them single-handed and cut his way
through with his saber to join his command."
Iswc H. Strider.
Died at Rose Hill, Jefferson County, W. Va., on the evening
of Christmas Day, 1915, Isaac H. Strider. aged seventy-five
years He served in the Confederate army as a member of
Company B. Baylor's Light Horse. 12th Virginia Cavaln
132
Sjoqfederat^ l/eterai).
C. G. Boles.
C. G. Boles, a member of Camp J. J. A. Barber, No. 1555,
U. C. V., died suddenly at his home, in Jacksonville, Tex.,
December 15, 1915, at the age of seventy-six years. He was
born in Calhoun County, Ala., in 1839 and there grew to
manhood. He was among the first to respond to the call to
arms in 1861, enlisting in Captain Savage's company, 19th
Alabama Infantry, and followed the fortunes of this command
in the Army of Tennessee until severely wounded in the bat-
tle of Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. His wound was so
severe as to render him unable to perform the duty of a sol-
dier for the remainder of the war, and he continued to suf-
fer from it until the day of his death. In 1865 he was mar-
ried to Miss Frances Elizabeth Andrews, of a prominent
family of Alabama, who preceded him to the grave more than
a year. Four children survive him, a daughter and three
sons, and his only brother, Capt. J. C. Boles, of Birmingham.
Ala., now eighty-one years of age.
Comrade Boles removed to Texas in the winter of 1873
and had been an honored and exemplary citizen of Jackson-
ville and vicinity since that time. He was a member of the
Masonic order, the First Baptist Church of Jacksonville, and
a member of our Camp since it was organized, in 1904, always
attending its meetings and reunions when able to be there.
He was perhaps the last survivor of the Confederate sol-
diers who witnessed the flight of the Andrews Raiders
when making their escape with the engine General at King-
ston, Ga., in the spring of 1862.
[Committee: Albert Casey, T. T. Martin, E. S. McCall.]
John M. Cotten.
John Mercer Cotten was born in La Grange, Tenn., Feb-
ruary 2, 1842, and enlisted in August, 1861, as a private in
Company G, 7th Tennessee Regiment of Infantry. Just be-
fore the battle of Belmont he was discharged at Madrid, Tenn.,
on account of being sick with pneumonia. Upon his re-
covery he went to Jackson, Miss., and joined Company K,
7th Tennessee Cavalry, known as Jackson's Cavalry. He
aided in covering the retreat of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston
from Jackson to Atlanta. He was in the Dallas charge, the
battle of Adairsville, New Hope Church, Morris Bridge, and
in a number of smaller engagements up to the end. He sur-
rendered at Gainesville, Ala., May 11, 1865, to Major General
Canby, U. S. A., and his parole he had framed, and it hung
on the wall of his room always.
Comrade Cotten was a member of Camp Wilcox, No. 1782,
U. C. V., of Birmingham, Ala., where he died after a long and
painful illness on December 31, 1915, and was laid to rest at
Sewanee, Tenn., beside three children who had died some
years before. He leaves a widow, a daughter, and a son. He
was never seen without his cross of honor, which he valued
beyond everything, and it was buried with him.
P. V. Mayes.
P. V. Mayes, of Company I (Lovell's company), 30th Ten-
nessee Infantry, Head's Regiment, departed this life January
II, 1916. Our comrade was a good and true soldier, a Chris-
tian gentleman, and led a quiet and peaceful life after the
war, accepting all the conditions of the surrender; but he was
a gray to the backbone. He was Adjutant of Camp D. C.
Walker, No. 640, U. C. V., of Franklin, Ky., and was buried
there.
[J. L. Rogers, Commander; A. W. Hamill, Adjutant.]
Joseph G. Mason.
Joseph Gamble Mason, who died at Clarksburg, W. Va., on
January 3, 1916, at the age of seventy-four years, was a mem-
ber of the Mason family of Virginia. He was a son of
James William Mason and a grandson of Maj. Seth Mason;
and he was born and lived at Wheatland, the old family estate,
near White Post, Clarke County, Va. At the beginning of
the War between the States he was preparing to enter a
medical college, but responded to the call of the South for
volunteers. Being already a member of the Clarke Cavalry,
he was one of the first to enter the army at Harper's Ferry
in the spring of 1861 and thereafter performed the most
arduous service in that company until the close of the war.
He was a courier for Stonewall Jackson and carried the first
dispatch from Gen. J. E. B. Stuart to General Jackson.
For many years Mr. Mason was an official of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad and lived near Washington. His wife
was Miss Gertrude Carr, daughter of Dr. Joseph Longacre
Carr, of Clarksburg, W. Va., and she survives him, with their
three daughters. After the funeral services of the Episcopal
Church he was buried in the Masonic Cemetery at Clarksburg
with the ritual of the Masonic order, of which he was a mem-
ber in high standing.
D. F. LOLLAR.
On the 26th of October, 1915, there was laid to rest in the
cemetery at Blair, Okla., the soldier, patriot, and Christian
gentleman, D. F. Lollar. He was born in Kentucky August
31, 1841, and when hut an infant went with his parents to
Dade County, Mo. At the breaking out of the War between
the States young Lollar cast his lot with the then organizing
cavalry troop known as Forrest's Cavalry, afterwards so
famous. It is needless to say that many fine steeds fell under
his saddle during that eventful period.
Comrade Lollar had married Mary C. Albert before the
war, their two families then living north of the historic
Mason and Dixon Line. When excitement began to run so
high, the Alberts decided to leave that country. So, leaving
most of their possessions behind, they went through Arkansas
and Indian Territory to Texas and there remained till the
close of the war and the return to wife and child of the brave
and devoted soldier husband. Some years later Comrade
Lollar located at the thrifty little village of Blair and carried
on a successful mercantile business at that place and at War-
ren, on the Red River, until he sold out the business, a few
weeks before his death. To him and his devoted wife were
born three sons and five daughters, all surviving him. He
was a member of the Church of Christ for over forty years.
fFrom tribute by F. M. Leatherman, Blair, Okla.]
Moses H. Rutland.
M. H. Rutland was born March 2, 1845, and died at his
home, in Franklin County, Tex., on December 30, 1915. He
was a member and an officer of Ben McCulloch Camp, No.
300, U. C. V., at Mt. Vernon, Tex. He entered the Confed-
erate service at Clayton, Ala., on April 7, 1863, and served
to the close of the war as a member of Company B, 57th Ala-
bama Infantry, and was paroled at Macon, Ga. He took part
in the battles of Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, New Hope
Church, and Peach Tree Creek, besides many skirmishes, and
was wounded in the battle of Peach Tree Creek on July 20,
1864. He was married in 1866 to Miss Eliza Jones, of Barber
County, Ala. In his death the Camp loses a zealous member,
the county a good citizen, the Church one of its prominent
members, the familv a devoted husband and father.
Qoijfederat^ l/eteraij.
133
MAJ. S. A. JONAS.
I The following sketch was embodied in the resolutions
passed by Camp 171, U. C. V., of Washington, D. C, in honor
of Maj. S. A. Jonas, a former member, who died at his home,
in Aberdeen, Miss., on September 13, 1915. The memorial
committee was composed of Marion B. Richmond, S. W B.
Pegues, John W. Fite.)
Maj. S. A. Jonas was born in Williamstown. Ky., in the early
forties, and at the age of sixteen he entered upon the career
of a civil engineer. His first work was on railroad surveys
in Mexico and afterwards on the New Orleans, Jackson, and
Great Northern Railroad in Mississippi, which carried him to
Aberdeen, Miss., during the winter of i860 and 1861. In the
spring of 1861, at the outbreak of war, he there joined a
military company, the Van Dorn Reserves, which bi
Company I of the
famous nth Missis-
sippi Volunteers. In
the organization of
the regiment at
Corinth, Miss.. Capt.
W. H. Moore, of
this company, was
elected colonel, and
he appointed S. A.
Jonas his adjutant.
He afterwards
served on the staffs
of Gens. W. II. C.
Whiting, John B.
Hood, and Stephen
D. Lee. At Seven
Pines, when Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston
was wounded, he
was sent across an
open bullet - swept
battle field by Gen-
eral Whiting to notify the ranking general, Gustavus W.
Smith, that lie was now in command of the Confederate army
before Richmond. He was at the side of General Whiting at
Malvern Hill when the head of the General's horse was shot
off by a cannon ball.
Major Jonas served all through the war, first in the Army
of Northern Virginia, and afterwards he went with General
Hood to Georgia and Tennessee, taking part in the battle of
Chickamauga and many other engagements. He remained
with the Western Army, serving first on the staff of General
Hood. \\ lien Hood was placed in command of the Western
Army, Gen. Stephen D. Lee was promoted to the command of
Hood's old corps, and Major Jonas then served on his staff
until the surrender.
At the close of the war, in 1865, Maj. S. A. Jonas returned
to Aberdeen and embarked in journalism. He founded and
established the Aberdeen Examiner, which he owned and
edited until the day of his death, more than fifty years later
Since the death of Col. J. L. Power, of the Clarion-Ledger,
the title of "Nestor of the Mississippi Press" had belonged
to Major Jonas, and he worthily won that honor. He was a
strong and vigorous writer, and his editorials were noted for
their dignity and force. Wielding a powerful pen, possessed
of encyclopedic information, he was a match for any of the
molders of opinion throughout this great land and un-
doubtedly rould have discharged with eminent distinction and
MAT. S. A. JONAS.
-atisfaction the duties of any editorial tripod in any of its
sreat cities. Dedicating the magnificent powers of his royal
manhood to the service of his adopted State, he wrought his
brain and heart and soul into the fibers of her civic life.
Major Jonas was widely known as the author of that beauti-
ful poem written on the back of a $500 Confederate bill, which
was written at the Powhatan Hotel, Richmond, Va., a few
days after having been paroled as a member of the staff of
Lieut. Gen. Stephen D. Lee with Johnston's army at High
Point, near Greensboro, N. C. and first published shortly
after the war over the author's signature in the New York
Metropolitan Record, headed "Something Too Good to Be
Lost." This poem has been published in the Veteran several
times, but is given aeain as something that cannot be too well
known :
Representing nothing on God's earth now
And naught in the waters below it.
As the pledge of a nation that's dead and gone
Keep it. dear friend, and show it.
Show it to those who will lend an ear
To the tale that this paper can tell.
Of liberty born of the patriot's dream.
Of a storm-cradled nation that fell.
I'oo poor
And too much of a stranger to borrow.
We issued to-day our promise to pay
And hoped to redeem on the morrow.
I he days rolled by, and the weeks became years.
But our coffers were empty still ;
Coin was so rare that the treasury 'd quake
If a dollar should drop in the till.
Hut the faith that was 111 us was strong indeed,
And our poverty well we discerned.
\nd this little check represented the pay-
That our suffering veterans earned.
We knew it had hardly a value in gold.
Yet as gold each soldier received it.
It gazed in our eyes with a promise to pay.
And each Southern patriot believed it.
Hut our boys thought litth of price or of pay
Or of bills that were overdue ;
\\ e knew if it bought us our bread to-day
Twas the best our poor country could do
Keep it; it tells all our history o'er.
From the birth of the dream to its last
Modest and born of the angel Hope.
Like our hope of success, it passed "
When Col. L. Q. C. Lamar was made Chairman of the
Senate Committee on the Mississippi River and Tributaries,
he appointed Major Jonas clerk of the committee and sec-
retary to Colonel Lamar, in which position he served during
the incumbency of the committee. He was then called home
by Gov. Robert Lowry to fill the position of State Commis-
sioner for Mississippi at the New Orleans Exhibition, and
he got together and installed that exhibit. This position he
resigned after Cleveland's election to accept the appointment
of private secretary to Colonel Muldrow, First Assistant Secre-
tary of the Interior, and during the four years' term he
served, by assignment of Secretary Lamar, for about seven
months as chief clerk of the Interior Department
'34
Qoijfederat^ l/eteran,
SONS OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized in July, 1S06, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, 1915-16.
Commander in Chief, W. X. Brandon, Little Rock, Ark.
Adjutant in Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
STAFF.
Inspector in Chief, A.J. Wilson, Little Rock, Ark.
Quartermaster in Chief, Edwin A.Taylor, Memphis, Tenn.
Commissary in Chief, Ben Watts, Cave Spring, Ga.
Judge Advocate in Chief, M. E. Dunnawav, Little Rock, Ark.
Surgeon in Chief, Dr. J. Garnett King, Fredericksburg, Va.
Chaplain in Chief, Rev. J. Cleveland Hall, Danville, Va.
Historian in Chief, Dr. Thomas M. Owen, Montgomery, Ala.
DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS.
Army of Northern Virginia Department, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Army of Tennessee Department, John S. Cleghorn, Summer vi lie, Ga.
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Department, Creed Caldwell, Pine Bluff, Ark.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
W. N. Brandon, Little Rock, Ark., Chairman.
C. Seton Fleming, Jacksonville, Fla., Secretary.
P. J. Mullen, Rome, Ga.
Edgar Scurry, Wichita Falls, Tex.
F. R. Fravel, Ballston, Va.
Seymour Stewart, St. Louis, Mo.
COMMITTEES.
Relief Committee: A. D. Smith, Jr., Chairman, Fayetteville, W. Va.
Monument Committee : R. B. Haughton, Chairman, St. Louis, Mo.
Finance Committee .* W. McDonald Lee, Chairman, Irvington, Va.
DIVISION COMMANDERS.
Alabama, Adolph D. Bloch, Mobile.
Arkansas, A. W. Parke, Little Rock.
California, H. P. Watkins, Los Angeles.
Colorado, A. D. Marshall, Denver.
District of Columbia, Charles H. Keel, Washington.
Eastern, Percy C. Magnus, New York, N. V.
Florida, W. W. Harriss, Ocala.
Georgia, J. S. Palmer, Macon.
Kentucky, Logan N. Rock, Louisville.
Louisiana, J. W. McWilliams, Monroe.
Maryland,
Mississippi, George C. Myers, Jackson.
Missouri, Colin M\ Selnh, St. Louis.
North Carolina, Dr. J. M. Northington, Boardman.
Oklahoma, MerriltJ. Glass, Tulsa.
Pacific, Merritt F. Gilmer, Seattle. Wash.
South Carolina, "Weller Rothrock, Aiken.
Southwest, Carl Hinton, Silver City, N. Mex.
Tennessee, W, C. Chandler, Memphis.
Texas, W. R. Blain. Beaumont.
"Virginia, Dr. J. C. King, Fredericksburg.
West Virginia, E. R. Garland, Huntington.
[This department is conducted by-N. B. Forrest, Adjutant in Chief S. C. V.t
Biloxi, Miss., to whom all communications and inquiries should be addressed.]
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS SONS OF CONFED-
ERATE VETERANS, MEMPHIS, TENN.
Special Orders No. 15. January 28, 1916.
1. The term of office of George C. Myers, Commander of
the Mississippi Division, having expired, a vacancy is deemed
to exist in the position of commanding officer of the said
Division.
2. Upon suitable recommendation and in obedience to and
by and under 'the authority vested in the Commander in Chief
by Section 19, Article V., of the Constitution, Comrade E. N.
Scudder, of Mayersville, Miss., is hereby appointed Com-
mander of the said Division for the year ending June 1, 1916.
He will at once appoint his official staff and inaugurate a
campaign for the reorganization of his Division and make re-
port thereof to general headquarters.
By order of W. N. Brandon, Commander in Chief.
Official :
N. B. Forrest, Adjutant in Chief and Chief of Staff.
Special Orders No. 16. January 28, 1916.
1. Logan N. Rock, Commander of the Kentucky Division,
having resigned, a vacancy is deemed to exist in the position
of commanding officer of the said Division.
2. Upon suitable recommendation and in obedience to and
by and under the authority vested in the Commander in Chief
by Section 19, Article V., of the Constitution, Comrade J. W.
Blackburn, Jr., of Frankfort, Ky., is hereby appointed Com-
mander of the said Division for the year ending June 1, 19 16
He will at once appoint his official staff and inaugurate a
campaign for the reorganization of his Division and make re-
port thereof to general headquarters.
By order of W. N. Brandon, Commander in Chief.
Official :
N. B. Forrest. Adjutant in Chief and Chief of Staff
Army of Northern Virginia Department,
S. C. V., Roanoke. Va.
General Orders No. i.
The Commander of this Department has sought to appoint
as members of his official family only those who are inter-
ested, to whose hearts the object and purposes of the or-
ganization are dear and a live issue, each one willing to de-
vote time and attention to making this the banner year of the
Sons of Veterans. Therefore by virtue of his office he ap-
points :
Department Adjutant and Chief of Staff, S. W. Hairston.
Roanoke, Va.
Department Inspector, Garland P. Peed, Norfolk, Va.
Department Quartermaster, M. G. Willis, Jr., Fredericks-
burg, Va.
Department Commissary, W. Rothrock, Aiken, S. C.
Department Judge Advocate, Edwin P. Cox, Richmond, Va
Department Surgeon, Dr. A. M. Brailsford, Mullins, S. C.
Department Chaplain, Rev. J. W. C. Johnson, Roanoke, Va.
Department Historian, J. R. Price, Washington, D. C.
Assistant Adjutants : James W. Hatcher, Roanoke, Va. ; C.
W. Kimberlin, Owensboro, Ky. ; J. M. Garnett, Baltimore,
Md. ; W. F. Lee.
Fayetteville, W. Va. ;
J. C. Wise, Hay-
market, Va.
Assistant Inspec-
tors : S. W. Rogers,
Petersburg, Va. ; R.
C. Powell, Whiteville,
N. C; John D.
Bower, New York;
R. B. Wiltberger, Co-
lumbus, Ohio; B. F.
Richard. Strasburg,
Va.
Assistant Quarter-
masters: John Fields,
Owensboro, Ky. ;
Ralph Reamer, Co-
lumbus, Ohio; Mar-
shall D. Haywood,
Raleigh, N. C. ; G. A.
Matthews, Bluefield,
W. Va. ; L. L. Rogers,
Mullins, S. C. ERNEST C. BALDWIN.
(Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va., Commander Army Northern
Virginia Department, elected at Richmond Reunion, 1915, was
Adjutant of Albert Sidney Johnston Camp of Roanoke and took
an active part in the work of the Southern Confederate Veterans'
organization for a number of years. He is the grandson of Capt.
D. B. Baldwin, who served four years in the Confederate army
and was Captain of Company D. 23d Virginia Battalion Infantry.)
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai).
'35
Assistant Commissaries: H. R. Furr, Norfolk, Va. , G. H
Van Ness, Charlottt. N. C. : Charles H. Kell. Washington.
D. C. ; R. L. Ott, Richmond. Va ; L S. Davis, Roanoke. Va
Assistant Judge
Advocates: Harry 0
Nichols, Norfolk.
Va. ; Don P. Halsey.
Lynchburg, Va. ; N
H. Caldwell, Concord,
N. C; Ashley A
Hodge, Union, W.
Va. : T. M. Darnall.
Roanoke, Va.
Assistant Sur^1
Dr. L. H. Keller.
Hagerstown, Md. ;
Dr. C. M. Brown,
Mount Hope. \V
Va. ; Dr. James M
Northington, Board
man, N. C. ; Dr ^B ^m
Clarence P. Jones.
Newport News.
Va.; Dr. J. E. Off-
ner, Fairmont, W
Va.
Assistant Chaplains: Rev, E S McTier, Union, W. Va. ;
Rev. N. J. Demit. Carrollton, Ky . Re\ \ B Byrd, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Assistant Historians: S. P. Figgat. Roanoke, Va. ; V. P.
Paulette, Farmville, Va. ; D. A. Spivey. Conway. N. C. ; A.
W. Booker, Bhiefield. W. Va. ; A. W. Cox, Carrollton, Ky
By order of Ernfst G Baldwin.
Commander Army of Northern Virginia Department
S. W. Hairston. Department Adjutant and Chief of Staff
M. D. CARY.
General Orders No. a
1. The Commander of this Department appointed as mem-
bers of his staff only those who he believed would be willing
to do their part for the "cause." and he therefore directs you
to report to him at once.
2. What you are doing foi thi Confederate soldier and
their widows in your community.
3. Whether you have written to your Congressman and
Senator asking them to support the Works and the Tillman
hills which would admit veterans and their widows to be-
come inmates of national homes and to receive national pen-
sions, respectiv! lj
4. What steps have been taken by you ami the Camp in
your vicinity toward obtaining a true history of the South.
5. The condition of your local Camp, whether you have
tried to arouse anj interest in the organization.
Prompt compliance with this order will be appreciated.
By order of Ernest G. Baldwin
Commander Army of Northern Virginia Department.
S. W. Hairston, Department Adjutant and Chief of Staff.
•M. D. Cary. Clifton Forge. Va.. Commander Camp Carpen-
ter's Battery. S. C V.. was elected Commander 4th Virginia
Brigade at Division Reunion, Fredericksburg. Va., October, 191 5.
II, was the first Adjutant of the P. C. V. Camp at Pulaski.
Va.. and has been a loyal worker for many years. He is also
Assi-tant Commissary in Chief on the staff of the Commander
'In Chief. He is the son of A. R. Cary. of Richmond, who served
four years as a member of Crenshaw's Battery A P. Hill's
Division. Army of Northern Virginia
lo
The Reunion in Birmingham. Ala . will be held May 16, 17,
18 next, for which reason the Commander of this Department
directs that all Camp Commanders and comrades report to
him :
t. Date of last meeting of Camp and number present.
2. Number of comrades on roll and number in good stand-
ing.
.?. What efforts are being made to reorganize and to stimu-
late interest in your Camp.
A prompt compliance with this order is urged.
Ry order of Ernfst G Baldwin,
Commander Army of Northern lirginio Department
5. W Hairston. I^epartment Adjutant and Chief of Staff
4DDRESS M MAJ I 11 f< fill 1
The second in the scries of historical addresses before the
Washington Camp was delivered by Maj E W. R. Ewing
on the subject. "An Experimental League : Nature and Status
of the Federal Government under the New Constitution of
1787-89," in which he brought out the relation of the several
States to the Federal government. Some extracts from his
address, with a brief resume, are here p
ry well-informed person knows that the government in
America under which the thirteen States, late British colonics,
began business as the United States and under which govern-
ment, surprisingly expanded in territory, those States yet do a
thriving business is different from that which previously had
ever existed in any other part of the world Yet it is strange
how many writers who have attempted to expound the na-
ture of this government resort to definitions evolved long
before the being of this peculiar and unlike government. The
manner in which the people permit themselves to be governed
determines the nature or kind or even the definition of that
• rnment.
What Is Sovereign [noepeni
In America we hold it one of the fundamentals that sov
ereignty emanates from the people. But we forget sometime*
that with us government means two things : that it is dual ir>
its nature; that our government is composed of units called"
States, and over all these in territorial reach is a wider gov-
ernment operating called the Federal government, or govern-
ment of the L'nited States. But some people think of the re-
lation of the States to this government as being much the
same as that of the county to the State. Others think of the
Sute as sovereign and independent and as the original sov-
n of this great country
"But this question can be determined only by a careful
study of the colonial period under the British and local gov-
ernments. The various colonies, acting jointly and severally
by and through 'committees,' etc., swung into the final con
flict whereby the colonies (now States) obtained their several
independence as indicated in the treaty signed with Great
Britain in 1782 and 1783, in which each colony was recognized
separately by name and not otherwise. The same treaty stipu-
lated for the Continental Congress that it would recommend
(note the language of sovereignty) on behalf of such Con-
s a certain course of conduct by the several Slates toward
the American Tories within their respective boundaries ."
136
(^oijfederat^ Veteraq
After referring most informingly to the "committees" and
other organizations formed within and by the various colonies
and which led up to the revolutionary Continental Congress
and the adoption of, first, the Articles of Confederation and
then of the present Constitution by the various United States,
Mr. Ewing called attention to the manner of the adoption of
the Federal Constitution by the States and to the fact that
some of them would not consent to its adoption until guaran-
teed that amendments were to be adopted positively and ex-
plicitly setting forth that each State had full power of sov-
ereignty except only those certain powers that were delegated
by the States to the central government.
Mr. Ewing said, further, that if it were not pathetic it
would be amusing that so many otherwise clear-thinking peo-
ple have let the first words of the Constitution, "We, the peo-
ple of the United States." mislead them into believing that
those words describe one great republic. People who thus
believe forget one of the most fundamental and longest recog-
nized rules for interpreting all human documents, and that
is that all which was said and done at the time such docu-
ments or contracts or compacts or agreements or constitu-
tions were being formulated and sanctioned must be taken
into consideration. Article VII. of the Federal Constitu-
tion permits nine States to ratify the Constitution, but so as
to be binding only upon such nine, unless and until other
States should likewise ratify, each for itself. There was no
effort anywhere to force any State to ratify. Nine States
did ratify it, thereby seceding from the older confederacy,
or federation, before the others later also seceded. The
Tenth Amendment to the Constitution sets forth clearly that
the powers not delegated to the United States are reserved
to the States respectively or to the people, meaning the people
of the several States, as is made clear from all the conditions
and discussions of that period.
The Tribunal of Last Resort under the Constitution.
"The powers of the legislature [Congress] are defined and
limited, and that those limits might not be mistaken or for-
gotten the Constitution is written." said the Supreme Court
of the United States in 1803. In 1832 this court again said:
"The powers exclusively given to this Federal government
are limitations upon the State authorities. But, with the ex-
ception of these limitations, the States are supreme." Again
in 1900: "The government of the United States was born of
the Constitution, and all powers which it enjoys or may ex-
ercise must be derived either expressly or by implication from
that instrument."
Therefore, having been the original, independent sovereigns,
having created the United States government, having in-
trusted to it well-defined powers or functions, and never hav-
ing parted with their sovereign right to determine the time
and conditions which require the resumption of the trust,
secession remained one of the undelegated rights of the
States, of each of said States, as was expressly affirmed in
the ratifications by several of them. Having no right under
the Constitution (the only source of its powers). as we well
know, to use force to prevent secession or withdrawal of the
delegated powers by any State, the use of such force by the
central, created government constituted rebellion.
One of the other speakers of the evening pointed out that
the Southern States in 1860-61 resorted to secession only
when this "unlike government" 'or "experimental league" was
found, as to those States, no longer to subserve its declared
purpose to "insure domestic tranquillity" and to "secure the
blessings of liberty to * * * posterity."
Mai E. W. R. Ewing.
Elbert VV. R. Ewing, A.M., D.O., LL.B., was born in Vir-
ginia. He graduated at Cumberland College and took cer-
tificates in eight courses at the University of Virginia, later
taking his LL.B. at the Chicago Law School. He began the
practice of law in Virginia, and about fifteen years ago he
moved to Washing-
ton and entered upon
its practice in that
city. His father was
an officer in the Con-
federate army from
start to finish, serv-
ing with much dis-
tinction. Mr. Ewing
volunteered in the
war with Spain and
was shortly thereafter
commissioned major
in the National Guard
of Missouri, in which
State he resided for
a few years. He is
the author of several
successful books, most
of which interest par-
ticularly the South-
ern people. They are :
"Northern Rebellion and Southern Secession," "The Legal
and Historical Status of the Dred Scott Decision," "The
Hayes-Tilden Contest," "The Pioneer Gateway of the Cum-
berlands" (in press).
BROAD-MINDED PATRIOTISM.
The beautiful tribute to General Lee by a "Northerner" in
the ode published as a frontispiece to the February Veteran is
reechoed in his views respecting the action of General Lee in
following his State out of the Union and in upholding her
rights under the Constitution. Dr. Littlefield sets forth these
views in the following letter :
"History, even now, I believe, holds that General Lee was
doing battle, not to 'divide the Union,' as was so erroneously
held by the unthinking among us, but to perpetuate that spirit
of self-government which is the only safeguard against fed-
eralism becoming autocratic civilization. And I am sure that
the time will come when many others will hold, as I certainly
do with all my heart, that of the three issues up in the War
between the States — African slavery, secession, and State
autonomy, the latter very much obscured by the first two
issues — the war decided but the first two, slavery and seces-
sion. Really, as I look at it, the great question of State
autonomy — in other words, the correlation of local self-
government and central Federal authority — was given by the
issue of the war its first real chance for consideration by the
American people. It is because of General Lee's — and, in
general, the Southern people's— contribution to that mighty
issue in the arm of human government that I hold in such
high esteem both Lee and the Southern people. And I lose
no opportunity to bear witness to my feelings in the matter.
In my judgment, the only reason — strange as it may sound
from a Northerner and a Massachusetts man — why this na-
tion is not held in the tyrannical grip of centralized imperial-
ism, as is Germany to-day, for instance, is because of this
^oi?federat^ l/eterai).
137
same War between the States, of which General Lee was so
conspicuous among its leaders. If it had not been over
slavery, it would have come up over some other question
sooner or later. The 'correlation of the individual and the
group' is a world-old question, and it is not by any ■
as yet settled.
"I never look upon a soldier's monument, Xorth it South,
that these things do not come over me with irresistible force.
When, after many years intending to do so, I first visited
General Lee's mausoleum and stood in reverence by the side
of that marvelous recumbent marble in the memorial chapel
at Lexington, Va., I offered up grateful thanks to God Al-
mighty that such as Washington and Lee had lived and
fought for the great charter of human liberty, the right of
self-government. It was not by accident, either, that I
timed my visit that it should fall upon April 19, the anniver-
sary amongst us of the North of the armed resistance to
centralized tyranny out on Lexington (Mass.) Green; nor
was it by accident that last year I timed my second visit to
the shrine at Lexington, Va., to fall on April 9, the fiftieth
anniversary of Lee's surrender. Very likely I was the only
Northern man in that chapel that day; but I shall always be
glad to recall that I could pay my reverence there on that
fiftieth anniversary nol only to General Lee's memory, but
to the great cause of human liberty (self-government 1 for
which he fought so nobly and really successfully. Despite
Bur difference upon the questions of slavery and secession,
from the depths of my heart I say; All honor to General Lee
and his soldiers and the Southern people for what they did
in the cause of representative self-government, bom with
Magna Charta and never to become a 'lost cause' SO long as
the spirit of Washington and Lee in all patriotic American
souls shall last !"
// /
(Suggested by sonnet in February's Confederati Veteran
contributed by Rev. \. W. Littlefield, Needham,
which he has every Southron's heartfelt than1
As long as nun love godlike deeds
And crown the hero with love's V
And sing his plaudits after death,
It matters not their race or creeds,
What songs they sing, what languagi 1
No matter what high goal they seek.
The name of Lee they'll voice with pride.
Recalling how he wrought and died.
A benedii ti< in to all men
Who love then count!} and their kind
Our paladin of sword and pen
Will prove to nerve both arm and mind.
— Hugh G. Barclay, in Mobile Register.
Mrs. George T. Fuller, Mayfield, Ky., would like to hear
from any survivor of the following regiments who were at
Camp Beauregard, near Water Valley, Ky., during the winter
of 1861-62: 1st Missouri Infantry (John S. Bowen, CO
later brigadier general) ; 22d Tennessee Infantry (Thomas J.
Freeman, colonel) ; 27th Tennessee Infantry (Christopher H.
Williams, colonel) ; 22d Mississippi ( D. W. C. Bonham, colo-
nel) ; 25th Mississippi Infantry (later 2d Confederate Infan-
try, John D. Martin, colonel) ; 9th Arkansas Infantry (John
M. Bradley, colonel) ; toth Arkansas Infantry (T. D. Mer-
rick, colonel) ; King's Battalion, Kentucky Cavalry, Compa-
nies A, B, C, and D (captains, King. Pell. Swan, and Guthrie).
ALABAMA'S MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS.
(Continued from page 111. 1
they, living under the shadow of the historic Statehousc. the
first capitol of the Confederacy, dailing seeing the star that
marks the spot where our only President stood while taking
the oath of office, therein creating the Confederate St
To the north of the capitol is our S- lument At the
last Chickamauga Reunion we placed a monument in the
park to Alabama's dead. It is the only marker from Ala-
bama. We meet monthly, and the thousands that take part
on Memorial Day prove that the cause is living and growing.
The Juniors lend willing hands and loving hearts in placing
our decorations.
The Mary Graves Lee Junior Memorial, my namesake.
children of my heart, with their zeal and interest, as we older
ones retire, will be able to take up our work. Their monthly
meetings are at; ith intcn - pleasure, and all
patriotic calls at I heir delegate to
Birmingham hopes to meet many Junior Memorials.
1.1, Talladega, Mountain Creek, and Holland Me I
Junior Memorial Associations, we sadly missed you at the
last Reunion. Now, come to Birmingham, This Reunion is
■ate. Let ide make us all rally. If
your torch of enthusiasm and interest is burning low, come
and relight it at this sacred shrine. I want to clasp in fra-
ternal love your hand. Meet with us m Birmingham; we
. nd you need us. Come and let us pay our tribute
of love and honor to those who wear the gt
SHILOH MO
Kiroki 01 Mrs Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
January 17, tot'', ro Febri uo to. 1916.
Vlabama: Union Springs Chapter. $3; S. D. Lee Chapter,
$2; Father Ryan Chapter. $5; Tuscumhia Chapter, $10; W.
II. Forney Chapter. $2.50; Bessemer Chapter, $5; Asheville
Chapter, $t ; Selma Chapter, $2 Pinkney D. Bowls Chapter,
$1; J. P. Oden Chapter, $1; Gen. J. H. Forney Chapter, $3;
Vvondale Chapter. $2; Selma Chapter, $3; commission on
Id by Mrs. Charles D. Martin, $60 cents.
I, $41.
Calif n. Sterling Price Chapter, No. 1343. $
I I ee Chapter. 1 • $45. Total. $30.
Georgia: Quitman Cha| Richland Chapter, $1;
Charles I. Zachry Chap' nough, $1 ; Chickamauga
Chapter, Lafayette, $15.
Mai I hapter, $50.
Mississippi: William Fitzgerald Chapter. Webb. $5; H. D.
Money Chapter, Cat I I Fairley Chapter, Mt.
Olive, $5: W. D Holder Chapter, Jackson, $5; Tupelo Chap-
ter. $5; S. D. Lee Chapter, Laui lifferson County-
Chapter, Fayette, $2.50. Total. $32.50.
New York: James Henry Pa- New York City,
$50.
Oklahoma: Oklahoma Citj Chapter. $5; Alius C!
I otal, $10.
Texas; Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter. Austin, $10.
Total collections since last report, $265.60.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report, $24.40676.
Total in hands of Treasurer to date. $24,672.36
i3«
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
MISSOURIANS IN BATTLE OF FRANKLY
IContinueil from page 103.)
turning suddenly and intensely cold, we were followed by a
victorious foe, who showed no signs of fatigue or desire to
let us rest. Our rear guard was engaged all the time and met
him with the same unflinching courage shown in attacking
him at Franklin. The men were distressed by hunger and
exhaustion. Bloody foot tracks in the frozen snow and upon
the icy roads were to be seen in many places. Yet, like Na-
poleon's Old Guard on the retreat from Moscow, they pre-
sented a front for fight at all times. The weather was not as
severe as a Russian winter, it is true, but the hardships our
poor fellows had to endure were similar, because they were
so poorly clad and fed. The patriotism of the Confederate
soldier can never be doubted by any one familiar with the
horrors of that retreat. All his troubles would end if he
were to fall out of the ranks and allow himself to be taken.
The Federals would clothe him, feed him, administer the oath
of loyalty (or royalty, as we used to call it), and send him
to his home. In fact, many a man marched wearily along
within sight of his home. No ; he would rather die of ex-
posure than desert his flag. Those who were taken fell over-
come by fatigue and hunger. After many days of hardships
and nights of suffering, the command reached Bainbridge and
recrossed the Tennessee River. At this point the enemy
abandoned the pursuit, and Hood and his suffering men pro-
ceeded on their way unmolested.
The Missouri troops took a prominent part in the rear
guard under Generals Forrest and Walthall. Col. Bob Mc-
Collough and his 2d Missouri Cavalry were always on the alert,
while Bledsoe and his noble battery thundered defiance at the
enemy almost continuously during the retreat. All the at-
tempts of the enemy to break the line of the rear guard were
in vain. The most remarkable fact in connection with the
veterans composing this heroic body of men was that when
the retreat ended they had as trophies more Federal prison-
ers than their entire number and about twelve more pieces of
artillery than when they began to fall back from Nashville.
Gen. S. G. French, our division commander, says in his
account of Franklin: "It was a terrible battle. One of my
brigades, the ist Missouri (Gen. F. M. Cockrell), made the
assault with six hundred and ninety-six officers and men, and
when it was over he had two hundred and seventy-seven men
in his brigade. His loss was: Killed, nineteen officers and
seventy-nine men ; wounded, thirty-one officers and one hun-
dred and ninety-eight men ; missing, thirteen officers and
seventy-nine men ; total, four hundred and nineteen, which
was over sixty per cent. The missing were captured inside
the works, as stated by some who escaped. The battle raged
furiously at intervals till near midnight, especially on the
west side of the pike, mainly between our troops in the ditch
and on the captured parapet, with the enemy on inside lines ;
and the bright glare of musketry, with the flashes of artillery,
lit up the surroundings with seeming fitful volcanic fires, pre-
senting a night scene frightfully wild and weird."
AT SPRING HILL AND FRANKLIN AGAIN.
BY E. SHAPARD, SHELBYVILLE, TENN.
The article in the January Veteran, "The Other Side at
Franklin," by W. W. Gist, of the 26th Ohio Regiment, was
read with interest. Yet while interesting and imparting val-
uable information, it is not altogether free from error. Evi-
dently much of his information as to movements was de-
rived from hearsay, and his relation of conditions at Spring
Hill and at Franklin does not entirely comport with my actual
observation of them.
General Hood thoroughly comprehended the situation at
Columbia, and his flank movement to his right was eminently
successful, but was immediately followed by a mistake at
Spring Hill that officers of the line and privates recognized
and spoke of as a blunder at the time — a blunder that wholly
defeated the object of the flank movement and that, too, when
that object was so clearly within reach.
I was only a sergeant major in a consolidated regiment
composed of the 19th, 24th, and 41st Tennessee Regiments,
and my view of movements was confined within narrow limits :
but to the extent of these limits, where the facts here related
do not conform to Mr. Gist's statements, my insistence is
that he is in error and his information incorrect, for what I
saw was impressed upon me so that I have not forgotten it.
The enthusiasm upon the part of the Confederates was great,
and they were intent upon driving the Federals from the bor-
ders of Tennessee. When my regiment reached the vicinity
of the Columbia and Franklin Turnpike at Spring Hill, it was
at once hastened forward to within two hundred and fifty
yards of the pike on the east side and there halted. This
was, as I remember, about sundown. There was not even a
skirmish line between us and the fleeing Federals on the pike,
who were plainly visible. No part of "the skirmish line east
of the village" or of the command "spread out in the form
of a semicircle on the east side of the town." of which Mr.
Gist speaks, could be anywhere seen.
Our command was surprised at being halted, believed it to
be only temporary, and was eager, impatient to make a
charge. Whose fault it was that there was no charge it is not
my purpose to inquire. The men in the line needed no com-
mand to make a charge. They only wanted permission to
do so. The result could not have been in doubt. The flight
of the Federals indicated that there was no fight in them, not
more than there was in the Confederates at Missionary Ridge.
The men in the ranks saw this and knew that the object of
the flank movement was within their grasp. Mr. Gist con-
firms this statement and says that when he was ordered by
an officer to help form a line for the defense of the artillery
"there were not more than a dozen of us, and our resistance
would have been feeble indeed. Fortunately, darkness came
to our relief, and we did not fire a shot." And this was no
part of hearsay, but what he saw and knew.
We stood there in line until night came and darkness shut
from our sight the fleeing Federals, but did not then despair
of an order to charge. And when at last we knew there was
to be none, the deep mortification and shame for the blunder
could be seen in the bowed head of every one, for this is
the only instance coming under my observation in the war
where a false movement was so apparent as to be recognized
by very soldier of the line, from private up, and that at the
very instant. That in all these years no one has appeared that
would assume the responsibility for this blunder is not sur-
prising, for the consequence of it was the bloody battle of
Franklin, so unnecessary.
The Confederates resumed their march toward Franklin
early the next morning, and evidences of the hasty flight of
the Federals were observable all along the way. This inspired
the pursuers with renewed confidence, so that they expected
upon overtaking the Federals a quick assault, a speedy re-
treat, and a decisive victory.
There was no more magnificent sight ever seen on any bat-
^or?federat^ Ueterai).
139
tie field than the movement ot the Army of Tennessee undei
General Hood from the base of the hill south of Franklin to
the second line of Federal works. No army was ever more-
determined that victory should perch upon its banners.
Strain's Brigade, of which our consolidated regiment was a
part, was immediately on the left, or west side, of the pike.
And we were thus afforded the most favorable opportunity for
observing the army from one wing to the other, as in
semicircular line it advanced so grandly to the charge.
"Nearer and nearer the Confederates appi
precision of dress parade," says Mr. Gist. Then was no
halt, no hesitation; but on we went and still on until we
reached the first line of the works, consisting of rails and
Other material hastily thrown 1- nd behind which the
Federals remained so long that in their retreat they were a
protection to us and prevented our being fired upon in our
advance to the second and more formidable line of woi
["here was no >m the second line as we advanced
from the first until we had aboul reached the chevaur-de-
Use, probably thirty paces from the second line. By this time
Be Fed i eating from the irsl
tered tin I hen tin firing upon us was heavy, and
:h. trth was more nearly covered with our dead and
wounded even than at Snodgrass Hill, at Chickama
there was no halt, and on we charged to the second line and
took it as the Federals in our immediate front abandoned it.
Tin* a.iv immediately west of the Columbia Pike. How far
west this abandonment of the works extended I do not know,
probably, as I now remember, but little beyond the locust
thicket. Neither do 1 know whether the Federals were driven
from any other part of this line 1 have always been under
the impression they were not.
Mr. Gist says: "Our line was carried back a few rods, and
I went to the rear of the Carter house. This was doubtless
about the time Opdyke made his famous charge to restore
the line. 1 saw nothing that looked like a charge, as those
advancing had to divide in two parts to pass the Carter
house. The line that 1 was in seemed to surge as those at
the pike gave way and then to move forward to what must
have been the second line of works. The line was now
stored, and there was no break in it again." This is in-
definite and slightly confusing; he went to the rear of the
Carter house. Then this, he says, was doubtless about the
time Opdyke made his famous charge to restore the line. But
he saw nothing that looked like a charge. Now, after the
^■federates had taken the works immediately south of the
Carter house and west of the pike there was no charge at
that place by Opdyke or by any one else or any serious ef-
fort to retake the works. The works were not retaken, and
Mr Gist 's statement that "the line was not restored, and there
I.vas no break in it again" is not true with reference to the
|ine at this point. Neither were there numerous charges made
■tere by the Confederates, nor any asking by the Confederates
o be permitted to come over and surrender. If there had
leen any disposition upon the part of the Confederates there
!<o surrender, there were no Federals to say to them: "Drop
■'•our guns and climb over." After the Federals had left that
>lacc, they did not return to it. There were, as Mr. Gist says,
mmerous charges by the Confederates, in every one of which
hey bore themselves with such splendid courage as to com-
nand the admiration of the world. It may be that there were
is many as thirteen charges, as he had heard, but they were
>n the east side of the pike, where Granbury and Adams were
ulled and so many of their brave men lay dead and wounded
"i the field.
1 he heavy tiring by the Federals was not from the rear of
the works at the Carter house, but from the east of the pike
The body of the Confederates stopped in the trench on the
outer side of the breastwork. Some of us got upon the em-
bankment, where guns were rapidly passed to us, and these,
being fired, were passed back to be reloaded. Others went
over the w-orks, expecting a continuation of the advance.
This is certainly the time when Mr. Gist turned his "eyes in
that direction and saw the line giving way and the Confeder-
ates pouring over the works." Of those going over, I re-
member W. J. Reagor and Cyrus Moorman, both of the 41st
Tennessee. And all those I over the works remained
on the inner side until morning. They captured several
prisoners, who when the Federals retreated had taken refuge
under the floor of a crib, the upper part of which had been
removed when the works were thrown up. None of these
men who went over the works here were killed or wounded,
thus evidencing the fact that there was very little firing from
the direction of the Carter house. It is true that the floor of
the trench on the outer side of the embankment was so corn-
covered with our dead and wounded that there was
tiding room for the living. But this was the effect of
the intermittent firing from the old gin east of the pike from
this trench was enfiladed. 1 speak of it as intermittent
firing, for it was not continuous, but very effective, and at
each volley several of our men were killed and wounded.
Among others, 1 remember that Lieut. Henry B. Morgan,
now of Lynchburg, and Col. Horace Rice were wounded here.
It was at this place that General Strahl was first wounded
and then a little later killed. My opinion is that the reason
le irregularity of the firing from the gin was that it was
directed at the Confederates on the east of the pike when
nade their charges and only at those on the west side of
it in the intervals between the charges. Those on th
• e there all the time to be fired at.
These statements will be corroborated by every living Con-
federate who participated in that memorable charge
afternoon of November 30. 1864, and are sustained by the
faithful and accurate account from the pen of our dear de-
parted comrade, S. A. Cunningham, wherein he relates his
personal experiences at Franklin, occurring just here south
of the Carter house and west of the pike. But, in addition
to all this, there are mute witnesses, not capable of contradic-
tion, that the Confederates were in possession of this point
in the works throughout the night. The numerous marks of
Minie balls in the walls of the Carter house were not made
in our afternoon charge ; for, as before stated, we did little
firing then. They could not have been made at the time of
any alleged famous charge by Opdyke; for if there was any
foundation in truth for that and Opdyke did retake the works,
then the Confederates would be retreating and could not have
left the marks on those walls. But to make it appear that
the works were retaken and the line restored at this point, it
is said, or statements made from which the inference may be
drawn that there were several charges made by the Confed-
erates on the west of the pike and the bullet marks on these
made then. That is demonstrably disproved by
let that the fatalities among the Confederates on the
west side of the pike were practically all between the chevaux-
de-frise and the second line of works for the reason herein-
before stated. This would certainly not have been so if there
had been more than one charge. These bullet marks were
made by the Confederates firing throughout the night from
the works directly south of the Carter house, nearest to it.
and west of the pike
I-IO
Qor>federat^ l/eterai).
G0VERNMEN1 RELIEF FOR CONFEDERATES.
To Confederate Veterans of the South: I have been active
in aiding Senator Works in preparing and otherwise assist-
ing to pass the bill to provide homes for disabled Confed-
erate veterans, their wives and widows, which I hope will
soon be reported and passed unanimously or at least by a
large majority.
Representative Tillman, of Arkansas, premises his bill with
the statement that about one hundred million dollars was
taken from the South by the unconstitutional cotton tax. sale
of abandoned propery. and so forth. The honorable gentleman
is an orator, a patriot, and a man of culture and has framed
his bill on a misapprehension of facts from data given him
by parties who admit that it was guesswork when stating
the number of surviving veterans, in their belief, to be forty-
five or fifty thousand, instead of which the reports of the
various pension commissioners (see page 255. Confederate
Veteran for June. 1915) show that on January 1. 1915. there
were 86,005 men and 43,359 widows drawing pensions from
the Southern States and 2,376 men and women in the State
homes (very few women, as only Mississippi, Oklahoma, Mis-
souri, and perhaps Kentucky admit women). 131,740 in all
drawing pensions and in homes. Supposing that ten per
cent died during 191 5. we would have 118,574 left on January
1. 1016. There must be at least 150,000 men and women whom
the States do not pension ; but we shall, for the sake of argu-
ment, say that there are only 200,000 in all who are to receive
$500 each as a bonus and $40 per month pension from the gov-
ernment of the United States. The bonus alone would amount
to $100,000,000, the amount Mr. Tillman claims should be re-
funded, and $72,000,000 more for pensions for one year only.
Does any sane man believe such a bill will ever be reported
out of the committee? I do not. Again, the bill provides
that the United States should pay the bonus and pensions.
No, fellow comrades; we want no such bill. Representative
Confederates will never approve of asking pensions from the
United States. What country ever paid a reward to those
who fought against her?
What we do want is to have the money due the South from
the illegal cotton tax at least refunded to the States of the
South and pensions paid out of it by the States to those who
are under the scowl of fortune and need it. No veteran or
widow having the means to live decently should draw one
cent. We soldiers of the South did not fight for pay, nor did
we fight to dissolve the Union or to perpetuate slavery. We
fought because our States were invaded anil to defend our
homes and firesides.
Were all Union veterans like the distinguished, philanthropic
Senator Works, a man of brains and broad sympathy, not one
vestige of bitterness would be left in the breast of any survivor
of the war. His bill to aid our unfortunates will, I believe,
pass by a large majority: but the bill as framed by Congress-
man Tillman will never pass and never ought to pass. The
bill to refund the cotton tax may pass and ought to pass.
I hope this letter may cause you to pause and realize thai
you who are urging the passage of the Tillman bill are en-
gaged in a work as futile as chasing a rainbow and endanger-
ing the passage of the Works bill. Mr. Tillman's bill should
be materially changed. Refund to the South what is justly
due her and let her provide for the needy out of the fund.
We want no pension from the United States government,
much less a bonus of $500. Perry M. i>e Leon,
Ex-Confederate Naval Officer.
Washington. D. C.
MONUMENT TO CAR.XES'S BATTERY.
Capt. W. W. Carnes writes from Bradentown, Fla. :
"In the Confederate Veteran for February, page 90, then
is published a table showing the memorial monuments and
markers erected in Chickamauga and Chattanooga National
Park. After showing the number of these for the various
States and for United States regular troops, a paragraph
states that 'monuments were erected to batteries commanded
by Landrum and by Carnes.' Following this is the statement
that the Carnes monument was erected by the Ladies' Me-
morial Association of Montgomery, Ala., and dedicated dur-
ing the Confederate Reunion in May, 1913.
"As that battery was not from Alabama, it seems odd that
the above information should have been obtained from any
authoritative source ; and as it is entirely wrong, I write to
give the facts.
"Carnes's Battery was from Tennessee, and the inscription
on the monument shows that it belonged to Wright's Brigade,
of Cheatham's Division, in Polk's Corps. The monument was
placed there in 1901, and in the Veteran for January, 1902,
page 16, there was published a picture of the monument with
the statement that it was erected by private subscription. I
made the contract for the monument with Morriss Bros., of
Memphis, Tenn.. who received payment from me, and I can
certify that not a cent was contributed toward it outside of
the battery membership."
.
WHAT A "BUFFALO" WAS.
The inquiry by John C. Stiles in the February Vetera*
as to "What Was a Buffalo?" has brought him various r»-
sponses, which are here given for the benefit of those who
would like to get a description of the "animal."
Dr. M. S. Browne, 6th North Carolina Cavalry, at Win-
chester, Ky. : "A deserter from our service or a shirker from
conscription."
D. B. Easley, 14th Virginia Infantry, at Scottsburg, Va.
"A Confederate deserter who had joined the Yankees."
J. F. Howell, 24th Virginia Cavalry, at Bristol, Va.-Tenn.
"They were men that led a free and easy life, taking fron
defenseless people what they wanted."
Robert A. Ware, 15th Georgia Infantry, at Lincolnton, Ga.
"They were Quakers, opposed to war, and asked to be lei
alone by both sides."
Maj. J. N. Stubbs, signal service, C. S. A., Woods Cross
roads, Va. : "They were men disloyal to the Confederacy, a:
what was left of them appeared after the war and accept
office under the carpet-bag rule."
Rev. E. A. Wright. Birmingham, Ala. : "A 'buffalo,' in Fast
ern North Carolina, was a man who was disloyal to the Sout!
em Confederacy, very similar to the copperheads of O
and Indiana, who were disloyal to the so-called principl
for which the Northern section of our country fought."
Colonel Stiles adds : "I judge from the above that the 'b
falo' was opposed to legitimate fighting, not from conscientio
scruples, but more in the way of saving his hide than his so:
He seems to have played no favorites and plundered bo
sides indiscriminately when the opportunity offered. Picket
got among them, however, and put the fear of God into thei
hearts by hanging twelve at one time, which pretty well pu
an end to the band, as the remnants left the country. H
seems to have been peculiar only to the seacoast section o
Virginia and North Carolina, as all of the above gentleme
saw service in many other parts besides this and saw hin
nowhere else."
ste
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
'4'
THE SOUTH LAM'
BY GRACE IMOGEN CISU
1 love the Southland, where the roses grow.
Where in each dewy wind fair lilies blow;
Under a hlne and ever-tender sky,
Its pleasant vales, its rivers drifting by.
I love the Southland, where the brave have died,
Loved, lived, and struggled ever side by side;
Fond in the brotherhood that comes to man
Through common fortune since the world began.
I love the Southland, with its shadowed ways,
Sweii, quiet spots that breathe <>f other days;
Its hills forever resting in the sun,
lis loving hearts, its many glories won.
Dear Southland, where each grassy, flowered plain
That wakes to brightness and to life again,
lias seen perhaps the hurrying foe come down
\ml war's dark face and misery's deep frown.
Oui Southland! May the years but bring to thee
A nobler grace, a braver chivalry,
Abundance, and. like to the western sun,
A glory that increases as 'tis won!
■THE BIRTH OF A NATION..
in Rl \ \ I, I \ll RSON I'l'.. DEN1 ii COLl
1) \\ Griffith's great photo play, "Th< Birth of a Nation,"
s teaching history in a grand, new way. It is showing how
much ih.it has been passing for history. It shows that
he United States was not at firs! a nation in the accepted
ensc of thai word, but was a union of little republics, living
Bfether under a written constitution, a m of govern-
lent, the incarnation of demoi ratii prim ipli not indissoluble,
ut intended lo be perpetual through the good conduct of its
■mbcrs I hi- noble experiment in free government, inti
■be a model foi all mankind, was wrecked by internal dis-
Isions. \\ .11 destroyed the beautiful stun lure foundei
consent ot the go\.crned" and by force welded reluctant peo-
Its into an indivisible nation.
The pla\ shows \hr.ih.ini Lincoln signing the call on the
totes for Miluniiiis to march across State lines to ■
ertain other States into submission. This was the beginning
if the end of the old form of government and the substitu
on of the new form of government, "the nation." But the
ition was not horn in Lincoln's day. Ilis call for volunteers
leVcly broke down and battered to pieces th< Constitution
f Washington and Jefferson to make way for war. Against
Itcse unconstitutional and unlawful troops the Southern ,
[e fought for four years, Lincoln's call for troops was
'.ith knell oi tin old I nion,
[After four years ol conflict General Lee surrender!
ppomattox, and the war was over. But the new nation was
it born at Appomattox. The Southern people and many,
'rhaps a majority, in the North were still dreaming of lln
I nion.
pThe Radical Congress, .ill-powerful, made a demand foi a
•w surrender. The surrender of Lee and his army was not
■OUgh. The whole Southern people must surrender. They
'ust give up their States. State lines were wiped out. They
:re put out of the Union and must consent to come bai k
tider State governments dominated by carpetbaggers and
groes. The negro race was to be put over the whit.
The Southern people refused to surrender on these terms,
and there was another four years' war. from 1868 to 1872. It
is known as the War of Reconstruction. The Southern army
was composed of four hundred thousand men known as the
Great White Legion, or Ku-Klux Klan.
this war was fought is shown in Griffith's wonderful
photo play. While there was not so much fighting as in the
of 'it to '65, there was really more distress in the
during the War of Reconstruction than in the Civil War.
The Ku-Klux Klan carried their poil I ["hi \ upheld the
Southern people in their n surrender to the demand
of the Radical 1 'hey submit to negro domina-
tion. They fought until the last v< ination
had disappeared. Thi ition. Thej addi
unwritten amendment to stitution of the United
I bat amendment I hi \mcrican
natiot bite man's go\
I his is the new nation whose birth is celebra iriffith's
11 iti ' play. It was . en this was a
i-hed. the Ku-Klux Klan disbanded It was one of the
most remarkable and successful armies that ever campaigned
in any age or nation. Thc> w
NAVAL OFFICERS WHO SERVED IN
UNITED SI
THE CO \VY.
the undersigned, you will learn some-
thing which ma\ dui to re
ition \<l M. de I
Ex-X; V. W . Washington, D C
NEALE'S
Confederate Books
•on ennlcl view the World War I
real Wai is un-
1 many volumes that the N". ale Publl
ias ISSUI it dui ll
. Northei m rs, and dlslnti
rid i" Ami 1 Ii ans theli gi
to I"- read and
. In thi 1 .
1 of "The I.
ii thousand words, published
"But tn retui n to thi Ni ale
- brief lifi
nations." To this large library Important winks ai
quenl iv being added
publications
tiny, biography, reminisce! -. polities.
trai • I, fiction, poi ille, urn] drama. In-
ii. . .1. tin 1 . thai Is not
• "'.'I by thi Writing of them. Tl
Nelson Page, thi Southern novelist, says: "Tl
publisher whose publication mi more and whose
In the last few 1 num-
!.. ■>■ Of."
Send at once for our catalogues anil bulletins, free, and
sent postpaid on application.
NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
440 Fourth Avenue, New York
142
^oQj-'ederat^ l/eteran.
from All Causes. Head Noises and Other Ear
Troubles Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who were
formerly deaf, now hear
distinctly every sound —
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
^ ear drums have been
^ reinforced by simple
•» little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
» that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds.
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums,
Discharge frum Ears, etc. No matter what the case
or how longstanding it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength-
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousandsof others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for Drum ° '
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf- in Position . |
■ess^riving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
598 Inter-Southern Bldg.
LOUISVILLE, KY
CONFEDERATE VETERAN
UNIFORMS
Highest Quality Lowest Prices
Tailor-Made to Your Measure
Send for Catalogue No. 341 and
cloth samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI
ORDER Your :j:
C. S. A. Grave |
Markers Now |
So you will have ***
them on Decora- *t*
tion Day. Price, •?*
25 cents each, in ♦*♦
lots of 50 or more. V
.=.
William H. Birge f
FRANKLIN, PA. V
Mrs. R. C. Wier, of Wynne Wood,
Okla., wants to hear from some one who
remembers Champ Wier. of Company
K, 3d Mississippi Regiment, under Cap-
tain Turner and Colonel Barksdale.
Rufus Taylor, of Burlington, W. Va.,
who is seventy-three years old and a
veteran of the sixties, would be glad to
hear from some of the "old boys."
R. D. Steuart, 1103 Edmondson Ave-
nue, Baltimore, Md., wants some infor-
mation of Lieut. Col. Samuel T. Hari-
son (or Harrison). He wants to know
his command and something about him.
Mrs. James A. Vernon, of New
Haven, Ky., wants to secure a pension
and would like to hear from some sur-
viving member of Company D, 6th
Arkansas Regiment, who remembers her
husband.
L. D. Harper, of Ladonia, Tex., wants
to hear from some member of his old
company, E, 16th Georgia Regiment, or
any one who fought in the following
battles: Yorktown Campaign, Seven
Days around Richmond, Malvern Hill.
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and
Gettysburg.
Mrs. R. L. Lindsay, of Atascadero,
Cal., would like to hear from some com-
rade who remembers her husband, Wil-
liam H. H. Lindsay, who enlisted from
West Virginia with six brothers. He
and his brother Paul were the first to
cross the rock fence in Pickett's charge.
She has forgotten the company and regi-
ment.
Mrs. Bettie L. Covington, of Char-
lottesville, Va„ writes: "During the war
a young soldier from one of the South-
ern States (Louisiana, I think), Perry
Humphries, about sixteen or eighteen
years old, died at my house and was
buried in our church cemetery. I have
wished all these years that I might hear
of some of his friends who would be
glad to know what became of this pro
cious boy."
INFORMATION Regarding
GRAVES of CONFEDERATE
PRISONERS OF WAR
who died in the hands of the Union
forces is requested by the War De-
partment in orderthat these graves
shall receive national attention.
Please write, giving name of the
soldierorsailorand burial place, to
Dr. Samuel E. Lewis, Commissioner
Army Medical Library Building
Washington. D. C.
3ronze
i memorial Tablets
at the Highest Standard
I nr experience of 27 years
.• ou' guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Or invisible Empire
Just Out
— Most
Fascinat-
ing Book
of the Day
Profusely i
lust rat ed .
Letters fron
charter mem-
bersof theKlan,
bio g raphical
sketch of its great
leader. Gen. Na-
than Bedford For-
rest. Indorsed by
Mrs. S. E. F. Rose,
"K. K. K. Banner"
lea ding
educators,
historians,
theU.D.C.
andS.C.V..
who will co*
operate in
placing the
book in schools
and libraries.
Interesting from
start to finish.
Price, 75 cents;
postage, 10 cents.
Order from author.
West Point, Mississippi
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all-wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
ot all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds of Military Equipment and
Society Goods Is at
Joel Flag L Regalia Co., 57 E 96th St
Send tor Price List New York City
GREAT SEAL OF
CONFEDERATE STATES
Magnificent, beautifully colored reproduc-
tion of (he Great Seal of the Confederate
States, eighteen inches in diameter, suitable
for framing. $1.00.
History of the Great Seal and Manifesto of
the Confederate Congress declaring disposi-
tions, principles, and purposes of the Confed-
erate States in relation to war with the United
States. SO cents.
ANNIE PAYNE PILLOW
2424 Pa. Ave. Washington, D. C.
Confederate l/eteran.
143
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md . Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. I Bull Run , and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Depanment. Chattanooga. Tenn.
W. C. SAUNLCRS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
CONFEDERATE
Battle Flags
on Sticks
PRINTED MUSLIN
SO It dm
. .25
. .29
66
. I 30
. 1.B5
. .60 gross
POSTPAID — Special Price* on Larger Quantities
Write to-day for Illustrated Catalogue
ol Pins, Charms, Novelties, and Gmts.
Bunting and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1327 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class bv itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
aj Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water,
Kuns automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed,
Send for free book "t information.
I CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Tann.
OLD FIDDLERS' CONTEST.
Dr. L. H. Hill, who was surgeon of
the 53d North Carolina Regiment, writes
from Germanton, N. C. : "I wish to in-
vite all old veterans who play the
to join me in an old-time fiddlers' con-
vention during the Reunion in Birming-
ham, May 16-18; so don't fail to
prepared I ntest for the champion-
ship of old-time fiddlers. Come pre-
r<l then if you
don'l mind heels will
you how they play and put 'the tar on
STAMPS WANTED
Cash paid for postage stamps from
letters mailed before 1870. Any kind
excettt three-cent United States. A. B.
Paine, 1353 Beacon St., Brookline. Mass.
I homas R. Ford, of Altamont.
hear from some one who was
I mber of Company I or D, I2th
Tennessee Infantry, Preston Smith's
brigade, Cheaiham's old division.
Mi- .1. V Girdner, 1310 Nashville
Avenue, X'" Orleans, La., is trying to
S to hear from
surviving comrade nf her hu!
fy to his record. J. A.
Girdner served under Gen. S. G. French.
IU- went out with the Columbus Gti
of Columbus, Ga.. his old home
Miss S. Stephens Stone, 202 North
Thirty-Second Street, Louisville, Ky.,
w.mts to know where she can obtain a
t the members of the famous 9th
Tennessee, which accompanied G'
Morgan through the Ohio raid. She
also wants to get some informal
J. E. Hughes. Eugene Hughes, and
Jami - 1 ugene I [ughes.
Mr-. \Y. J. Behan, 1207 Jackson
tine. Xew Orleans, La., wants the fol-
lowing back numbers of the Veteran:
January, February, June, and Decem-
ber. 1804; July, August, and Deo 1
March, 1 1 uary, Si
ber, November, and December, 1897;
January, February, and May, 1898
uary, February, and November,
the full volume for iqoo; the full volume
for tool ; May. nmi. September
1 Ictober, 1005 . January, 100;.
WANTED
Twelve Southern ladies of education
and refinement to travel as field secre-
taries for "The Mildred Rutherford
Historical Circle." Must be energetic
and over 25 years old. Excellent open-
ing. Apply J. STANDISH CLARK,
Business Manager, 1824 Jefferson Bank
Bids.. Birmingham, Ala.
New Uniforms
FOR THE
REUNION
$9.50
We make to order, out of our fa-
mous "Potomac Gray** cloth woven
specially for us s first-class uni-
form, which we call
Levy's
Special
coat and trousers; well tailored and
guaranteed to fit; regulation V. C. V.
buttons. This price is possible only
because of the large number of these
uniforms which we make every sea-
son, supplying veterans all over the
country. « Finer uniforms at the
right prices. Special terms for out-
fitting whole camps. *' Hats, caps.
wreaths, cords, buttons, stars, leg-
gings, and insignia of rank. Write
for catalog and samples, mention-
ing the VETERAN.
LEVY'S
Third & Market, Louisville, Ky.
S. M. Hearn, of Chatham, La., R. F.
D. I, Box 63, in order to secure a pen-
sion for his widow is trying to establish
the record of Corp. J. F. Taylor, of
Company A, 1st Georgia Battalion of
Sharpshooters, and would like to hear
from some surviving comrade.
144
Qoi?federat^ l/eterai)
K
RISE AND FALL OF THE
Confederate Government
The Masterpiece of Confederate Historical Works
HE NEW edition of
this splendid work by
President Davis, the
crowning effort of his life,
was republished from the
original plates and has been
offered at a much lower price
than formerly, and it is com-
mended to all who are inter-
ested in Confederate history.
No other work on the sub-
ject can equal it. This edi-
tion is printed on fine paper,
with the same illustrations as
the original, and handsomely
bound in cloth. Issued in
two volumes. Price, $7.50.
Special Premium Offer
For a limited,. 'be this valuable set of books will be given as a
premium for 20 n.-?> ascriptions to the Veteran, or it will be
sent with the Veteran "orte 7 ^Jor only $8, postpaid.
Remember this when sending7our renewal, or get a new sub-
scriber and have the books sent to yourself. Address
THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN
NASHVILLE, TENN.
!X
X
DIXIE
Created by a nation's glee,
With jest ana song ana revelry,
We sang it in our early pride
Throughout our Southern borders wide;
While from ten thousand throats rang out
A promise in one glorious shout,
'To live or die for Dixie!"
Beloved land! beloved song!
Tour thrilling power shall last as long —
Enshrined within each Southern soul —
As Time's eternal ages roll;
Made holier by the test of years,
Baptised with our country's tears —
God and the right for Dixie!
— Fannie Downing.
NO. 4
r^.~r*??:"''r?Tzz;
146
Qoi}federat^ Ueterai).
Facts about
PRINTING
^fl To obtain efiiciency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Lithe-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer may be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best — HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING. This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment. €|J We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carryout your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING Gl.
Nashville, - - Tenn.
By
l •
omwirr
cuss
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
J5SS. BR0NZE MEMORIAL AND Merrirna°c5street
Furnished Upon ASCRIPTION TABLETS "ewburyport
Request ^n^M^^^^^Ha^ManM^^^ Mass.
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. Page
Birmingham Reunion Committees 147
Hymn at Bermuda Hundred (poem). Mrs. M. E. Drew 148
Cunningham Memorial Fund 148
The Stone Mountain Memorial 149
Treasurer of the Confederate Government. Maj. H. D. Capers 15°
The Ku-Klux Klan and "The Birth of a Nation." Mrs. S. E. F. Rose 157
The Old-Time Nigger (poem). R. W. Webb 159
The Failure of the Confederacy. J. H. McNeilly 160
The Evacuation of Richmond. Mrs. A. M. Houston 165
Chester Hospital, on the Delaware. C. C. Cummings 166
Pot Shot. C. Y. Ford 167
Little Things in Historv. John C. Stiles 168
The Laurel Hill Retreat. Lieut. P. S. Hagy 182
In Memory of My Brother (poem) . Father Ryan 182
Camp Beauregard. Mrs. George T. Fuller 183
A Big-Hearted Priest. Col. W. D. Pickett 182
Captured Guns at Lone Jack, Mo. John S. Kritser 184
Eighth Texas Cavalry at Bentonville. M. J. Davis 184
Departments : U. D. C 152
Confederated Southern Memorial Association 156
The Last Roll 174
Sons of Confederate Veterans 186
W. D. Adams, of Terrell, Tex., is in
need of a pension and wants to hear
from some member of Company B, 46th
Georgia Regiment. Colonel Colquitt
was in command of this regiment until
he was killed.
H. D. Patterson, 8 North Sixth Street,
Temple, Tex., is trying to help J. S.
Newman get a pension and wants to
hear from any member of Forrest's
provost guard, which was commanded
by Captain Gilbert and Lieutenant Cald-
well. This command was made up in
Alabama.
Mrs. Josephine Lovell, of Temple,
Ga., is seeking a pension and wants to
hear from some surviving comrade of
her husband, Jasper Lovell, who was in
Company D, 20th Georgia Infantry. He
was captured April 12, 1865, at Salis-
bury, N. C, and went to Camp Chase
Prison, from which he was released on
June 13, 1865.
W. L. Kincannon, of Booneville, Ark.,
would like to know the addresses of the
following: Jim Adair, John Adair, John
Tedford, John Oeff, Alex Oeff, Bone
Shaddock, Marion Shaddock, or any one
who knew P. M. Taylor. Mr. Taylor
was first in a battalion organized at
Bellefonte, Ark., under Captain Cissell,
and later joined the cavalry. He is now
trying to get a pension.
J. C. Jones, Commissioner of Pen-
sions, Austin, Tex., asks for informa-
tion of a man by the name of Ruffan
Workman, from North Carolina, whom
he nursed while suffering from a broken
leg and afterwards typhoid fever in the
winter of 1862-63 in Caroline County,
Va. He surrendered at Appomattox on
the 9th of April. He was blacksmith for
the regiment. Any information of him
or his family will be gladly received.
William N. Bradberry, 1015 Booker
Street, Little Rock, Ark., is trying to
secure a pension and would like to hear
from some surviving comrade. He en-
listed in May, 1862, from Butler, Ga., in
Company G (Butler Vanguards), 6th
Volunteer Infantry, then at Yorktown,
Va. He was later detailed as carpenter
for duty at Fort Sumter, again joining
his regiment in Virginia in January,
1865. At the end of a furlough, being
cut off from his command, he reported
to Captain Parker, provost marshal, at
Augusta, Ga., and was paroled in May,
1865.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDKED TOPICS.
Entered :it the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter*
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should he math* to the CONKEDE i< \ i ■ Vi raw u*fa
and all commanlcationa s<> addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Teno.
OFFICIALLT REPRESENTS:
I ■ Cl «1 BD1 R \iv Vl 1 I R \\s,
I'mti i> Daughters of thb Confxdeb icy,
r Veterans um Other Orgactzations,
CONFEDERATED - MEMORIAL AsSOCl ITTON.
Though men deserve, thev may not win, success;
The brave will honor I - anquished none the less.
Prick, $1.00 per Year- i V/\i YVTV
Single Copy, 10 Cents. \ vou AAiV
NASHVILLE. TEW.. APRIL, 1916.
No. 4- •!
S. A. Cl NNINGHAM,
1 OITK
BIRMINGHAM REUNION COMMITTI
With the appointment of the various committees for the
Birmingham Reunion, U. C. V., Maj [6 [8, active work
wax begun to make this one of the mosl noted Reunions ever
held by this great organization. Gen. John G. Smith, com-
manding tile Fourth Brigade, Alabama Division, U. C. V.,
writes that everything will be done to make all visitors enjoy
the occasion as never before. This will be the third time that
the hospitality of this progressive young city of the South has
been extended to the veterans in gray, and those who partook
of it on former occasions will not hud it lacking now in
heartiness and liberality.
In the following list of committees, which are made up of
the leading business men of the city, known for their public
spirit and interest in such occasions, the names of the chair-
man and vice chairman are given, cither of whom may be ad-
dressed for information to be given out by that committee:
Executive Committee: F. M. Jackson, Chairman; Tom O.
Smith, Vice Chairman; William C, Radcliffe, General Sec-
retary.
Publicity Committee. John S Sparrow, Chairman. I. \\
Friedman, Vice Chairman.
Finance Committee: F. M. Jackson, Chairman; John 11
Fry, Vice Chairman.
Entertainment Committee : Richard W. Massey, Chairman .
Sidney Lazarus, Vice Chairman.
Hotel Committee: E. L. Brown, Chairman. This commit-
tee has established general U. C. V. headquarters at the Tut-
wiler Hotel, which is one of the best in the Southern States,
and accommodations will be at reasonable rates. Arrange-
ments will be made with all hotels of the city for no increase
in rates on account of the Reunion, while no extortion of
any kind is to be tolerated.
Commissary Committee: J. P. Phillips. Chairman; E. W.
Beavers, Vice Chairman. This committee will make ample
arrangements to feed all needy veterans, who will be given
meal tickets good at all restaurants in the city.
Housing Committee: F. W. Dixon, Chairman; E. W. Bran-
don, Vice Chairman. This committee will try to house all
veterans in the hotels and residences of the city; but what
may be lacking has been provided for by an act of Congress
in giving tents and cots for the purpose.
Parade Committee: Mat. L. S. Dorrance. Chairman; E. J.
R. L.
H. J.
McCrossin, Vice Chairman. It is the intention of this com-
mittee to provide automobiles so that every veteran can ride.
I he parade of the local military and the military schools of
the State will doubtless put a thousand men in line.
Relief Committee: Dr. J. D Heacock, Chairman;
Ezelle, Vice Chairman.
Transportation Committee: Henry Hiden, Chairman.
Invitation Committee: Thomas Bowron, Chairman;
Porter, Vice Chairman.
Reception Committee: Culpeper Exum, Chairman; George
Knox, Vice Chairman.
Ball Committee: H. G. Stibels. Chairman; John T. Veat-
man. Vice Chairman.
Sponsors Committee : Oscar Underwood, Jr.. Chairman ; W.
L Brown. Vice Chairman.
Music Committee : Frederick Gunster, Chairman ; William
Ryan, Vice Chairman.
Horses and Automobiles Committee: Hubert Drennen,
Chairman; Rafe Fies. Vice Chairman.
Badge Committee: 1 W I .wing, Chairman; John C. Hen-
ley. Vice Chairman.
Decoration Committee : George McOeery, Chairman ; Sol
Caheen, Vice Chairman.
U DC. Committee: Mrs. R. H. Pearson, Chairman; Mrs
C. G. Brown, Vice Chairman; Mrs. Chappell Cory, Secretary.
is of Veterans Committee: R. H. Thatch. Jr.. Chairman;
Lonnie Munger, Vice Chairman.
Boy Scouts Committee : Borden Burr, Chairman ; Colman
Blach, Vice Chairman. Several hundred Boy Scouts will be
on hand to aid and direct veterans to places assigned them
and to assist in giving them a good time.
SEMIANNUAL STATEMENT OF THE VETERAN.
The Confederate Veteran, incorporated as a company
under the title of Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, is the
property of the Confederate organizations of the South — the
United Confederate Veterans, the United Daughters of the
Confederacy, the Confederated Southern Memorial Associa-
tion, and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. It is published
monthly at Nashville, Tenn. No bonds nor mortgages are is-
sued by the company.
1 4S
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
THE HYMN AT BERMUDA HUNDRED.
BY MRS. M. E. DREW,
Poet Laureate Martha lteid Chapter, Florida Division, U. D. C.
Two armies stretched their sullen length,
Awaiting each the blue or gray,
To test their light or mighty strength
Before the dawning of the day.
For Pickett watched for starless night
To press the foe so big, so near,
And planned his grim assault aright
To fill that foe with death and fear.
The night descended — night as black
As shrouding palls of velvet fall,
As thick as thickest fog can track,
As Erebus when devils call.
The Ninth Virginia bore its crush
Upon the tongue, the chest, the back,
And strained the sight within the hush.
Where the whitest white were black.
While thus their silent hearts were tried,
With fingers on their triggers bent,
A voice rose from the other side
In depth and charm and volume blent.
As "Jesus, Lover of my soul"
Surged over them and, thrilling, passed,
A gentler human spirit stole
Where Pickett's gallant men were massed.
Then "Cover my defenseless head,"
And sharp the colonel's signal came.
"Fire and to the left !" he said.
"I'll dare the shame, assume the blame."
And as the shifted rifles sped
With sudden dash and roar and sting.
Safe lifted one defenseless head
Beneath the shadow of His wing.
KEEP THE RECORD STRAIGHT.
BY COL. G. N. SAUSSY, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
The great war of the States of 1861-65 developed some in-
congruities. Comrade John C. Stiles, of Brunswick, Ga., in
the Veteran for March, page 100, gives the names of nine-
teen general officers of the Confederate army who were of
Northern birth. His article gives only a partial list. Gen.
Marcus J. Wright, one of the few surviving general officers
of the Confederacy, in 1911 issued a statistical work embracing
a brief biography of the "General Officers of the Confederate
Army." General Wright is in charge of the Confederate
archives and records now in possession of the United States
War Department at Washington, D. C. His facilities and
opportunities, therefore, are not excelled by any one. The
writer has carefully canvassed the list of general officers there
mentioned and whose place of nativity is given and finds
twenty-six born in the North instead of nineteen.
Beginning at the extreme northeastern corner of the repub-
lic, these are as follows : Daniel Leadbetter, Maine ; Daniel
Ruggles, Albert Pike, A. G. Blanchard, E. A. Perry, Massa-
chusetts ; L. L. Lomax, Rhode Island : C. H. Stevens, Con-
necticut ; Frank Gardner, William Steele, Daniel M. Frost,
Archibald Gracie, W. H. Stevens, M. L. Smith, New York-
Samuel Cooper, S. G. French, New Jersey; J. C. Pemberton,
William McComb, Josiah Gorgas, J. K. Duncan, Pennsyl-
vania; Otho F Strahl, D. R. Reynolds, Bushrod R. Johnson,
Ohio ; Frank A. Shoup, Indiana ; L. S. Ross, Iowa ; J. M.
Withers, Wisconsin.
Of these, one received the rank of general ; one, lieutenant
general; six, major general; and eighteen, brigadier general.
Two were killed in battle.
Of the four hundred and fifty mentioned by Mr. Stiles,
General Wright in his book fails to give the nativity of
ninety-nine others. Those of Northern birth (twenty-six)
constitute 5.77 per cent of the total of the four hundred and
fifty. It is a reasonable assumption that the same ratio exists
of those whose birth location is not given, and we can add
for that percentage six more and assume that the Northern
States contributed thirty-two generals to the Confederacy.
Now observe the converse of the proposition. The South
gave the North its President, Abraham Lincoln, its ablest
general officer, George H. Thomas, of Virginia, and the head
of its navy in Admiral Farragut. Many of the officers of the
navy who remained in the Federal service were of Southern
birth and lineage. The writer has no authentic list of general
officers of Southern birth who served in the Federal cause,
but doubtless there were many, especially from Kentucky,
Missouri, and other Southern States.
Ireland gave the South three, England two, and France two
general officers. I have not discovered other foreign nations
contributing. Germany was lavish in her gifts to the Federal
cause. The statement above can be verified from General
Wright's book, which ought to be authentic.
THE CUNNINGHAM MEMORIAL FUND.
Previously reported $3,080 75
Hiram Sample, San Francisco, Cal 1 00
E. S. Rugely Camp, Bay City, Tex _■ 50
S. H. Lusk, Savage, Miss 2 00
Mrs. G. K. Warner, St. Louis, Mo 1 00
Bowie Pelham Camp, No. 572, U. C. V., Bowie, Tex. 13 85
Geo. E. Pickett Chapter, U. D. C, Kansas City, Mo. . 5 00
W. R. Stevenson, Winsboro, Tex 1 00
T. C. Lownsbrough Woodland Mills, Tenn 1 00
William Hentz, Bristol, Fla I 00
J. D. Fravel, Centralia, Mo 1 00
Mrs. W. W. Wheeler, Sallisaw, Okla 5 00
W. D. Holder Chapter, U. D. C, Jackson, Miss 3 00
Calvin B. Vance, Jackson, Miss 5 00
B. J. Wood, Washington, Va 1 50
R. A. Walker Chapter, U. D. C, Greenwood, S. C... 5 00
G. W. Lankford, Marshall, Mo 2 00
Mrs. Theo. Woods, Columbia, Mo 1 00
Portsmouth Chapter, U. D. C, Portsmouth, Va 3 00
Camp William Lee, U. C. V., Evergreen, Ala 4 75
C. G. Hooker Chapter, U. D. C, Hazlehurst, Miss.. 5 00
John Lauderdale Chapter, U. D. C, Dyersburg,
Tenn. (additional) 5 00
Mary Frances Hughes Chapter, U. D. C, Nashville,
Tenn. (additional) 5 00
U. D. C. Chapter, Middleburg, Va 1 00
J. T. Crawford, Pampa, Tex 1 00
W. C. Gorgas, Washington. D. C 2 00
Miss Ida Hart, Comanche, Tex 1 00
Micah Jenkins Chapter. U. D. C, Covington, Va.... 3 00
Alleghany Chapter, U. D. C, Covington, Va 1 00
Holston Chapter, U. C. C, Marion, Va 2 50
Total $3,166 85
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
149
THE STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL.
"For the purpose of perpetuating the memory of American
valor, fortitude, and patriotism by the creation at and adjoin-
ing the great Stone Mountain, in DeKalb County, Ga., of a
memorial to the soldiers and sailors of the Southern Con-
federacy and to the women of the South of that period, to
serve as an inspiration not alone to the South, but to the re-
united country" —
. Thus is stated the reason for the incorporation of the Stone
Mountain Confederate Monumental Association, which lias
been formed of prominent men and women of the State of
Georgia, largely residents of the city of Atlanta. A stupen-
dous undertaking has thus been launched that will require
years of effort to complete, but when completed there will be
nothing equal to it in all the world. The wonders of the Old
World, embodying the effort of man, will be but pigmy crea-
tions in comparison with this marvelous work of art which is
to be chiseled in the side of Stone Mountain.
Stone Mountain is in itself a wondel ii natun 1 solid
granite from base to summit, it stretches its h'ujckuxth for
more than a mile, white it ^ long 1 u^r ttW^VW^Tiril'lit nt
more than two thousand feet ; its base is seven miles in cir-
cumference. It is located some sixteen miles from the city of
Atlanta, on the Georgia Railroad, and is an object of interest
for many sight-seers. From it has been quarried some
finest graniti in the South. It is the property of the Yenablc
family, of Georgia, who have donated a part «.f it for this
Confederate memorial, and they are rep among tin-
charter members. The smooth wall of rock ('•inning the
north side will he the field of operations for the noted sculp-
tor, Gutzon Borglum, and his assistants; and they will work,
suspended in steel baskets, through the months and yean
the vast panoramic bas relief is unrolled in its grandeur and
beauty. The plans for this, as set forth by Mr. Borglum
template a large central group located about midway toward
the top of the mountain and include ti\e to seven equ
statues representing Lee, Davis, Jackson, and such oth
the commanding officers of the Confederate army as may be
designated by the committee. Back of tins group, ab ut two
hundred feet, will appear a larger group of mounted general
officers, representing other commanders. To the east and on
the face of the mountain, slightly above and to the right of
General Lee, will appear a section of the army coming down
over the mountain, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery."
At the base of the mountain, directly under the central
group, he has planned to create within the mountain side a
memorial hall dedicated to the mothers and women of the
Confederacy. This hall will be lighted by windows to the
number of the Confederate States, with columns in front of
it. When completed, it will be a meeting place and a shrine
for the Daughters of the Confederacy and will be placed in
their custody forever. The gift of the property arranges for
the final possession of the memorial by the State of Georgia.
Mr. Borglum thinks he can begin the work within a few
months and that the main central group of figures and the
memorial hall can be completed within the next three years.
\ studio will be built directly opposite the mountain and in
front of the work, where all the models for the work will be
made. The work will be done from scaffolding suspended
from the top of the mountain.
The charter issued to the Stone Mountain Confederate
Monumental Association gives the right to carry on the work
and take title to that part of the mountain included in the
proposed memorial. The list of charter members shows the
names of many people known for their public spirit and devo-
tion to Confederate ideals. It is as follows: Mrs. C. Helen
Plane, Mrs. Hugh M. Willet, Mrs. S. M. Inman, Mrs. I. O. A.
Wynne. Mi^s Alice Baxter, Miss Isma Dooly, Mrs. R. G.
Stevens, Mrs. William L. Percy, Mrs. I". L. Connally, Mrs.
K. D. Spalding, Mrs. Cornelia H. Venable, Mrs. James N.
Ellis, Mrs. Frank T. Mason, Mrs. Arthur Kellogg, Mrs. Gor-
don Roper, Mrs. W. S. Coleman, Mrs. Isaac S. Boyd, Mrs. J.
K. Mobley, Mrs. Spencer K. Atkinson, Mrs. Frank M. Inman,
Mrs. James L. Dickey, Mrs. R. B. Blackburn, Mrs. Williams
McCarthy, Mrs. James W. Bedell, Mrs. T. T. Stevens, Mrs.
A. McD. Wilson. Mrs. E, C. Peters, Mrs. Lewis H. Beck,
Mrs. Floyd W. McKae. Miss Sally Malonc, Mrs. Lollie Belle
Wylie. Miss Mildred Rutherford, Mrs. /. '1. Rtzpatrick, Miss
STONE MOUNTAIN. THE LARGEST SOLIM STONE IN THE WORLD
ISO
Qoqfederat^ l/eterarj
Lucy Lester, Miss Anna Benning, Mrs. W. C. Verean, Mrs.
Sanford Gardner, Mrs. Herbert M. Franklin, Mrs. Hallie C.
Rounsaville, Mrs. Zebulon Walker, Mrs. A. B. Hull, Mrs.
Joe Davis, Mrs. Frank Harrold, Mrs. J. A. Selden, Mrs. T.
C. Parker, Mrs. John M. Graham, Mrs. Trox Bankston, S.
H. Venable, Andrew J. West, N. E. Harris, John Temple
Graves, James R. Gray, Clark Howell, Lucien Knight, Hugh
M. Willet, W. H. Terrell, Charles J. Haden, James W. Eng-
lish, William F. Plane, Joseph H. McCord, Mell R. Wilkin-
son, Hooper Alexander, Alex C. King, L Z. Rosser, Robert
C. Alston, Harrison Jones, Charles D. McKinney, and Hollins
Randolph.
In a lecture on the subject of this great memorial before
the people of Decatur, Ga., recently Mr. Borglum paid some
fine tributes to the South and her people, in which he said :
"In creating a monument upon Stone Mountain you are
undertaking something so natural, so obvious, bearing in
mind your life and your history, that I should, were I not
aware of the reason, be surprised that the work had not long
since been done. You are a great people, or you could not
have held out as you did so long in that great war with your
brothers of the North. You are a great people, or you could
not have sacrificed as you did. You are a great people, or
you could not have endured, as you did, the misfortunes fol-
lowing the war. Were this not so, you could not have re-
covered with the buoyant sweetness and true American hos-
pitality that prevails everywhere among you. These are some
of the thoughts that come to me as I measure the forces which
must lie back of any production of this sort and which must
have the soundest human reason for being, or the work can-
not be completed.
"This is not a monument to secession. This is not a monu-
ment even to a single battle, if I may presume to interpret
your profoundest emotion. This is and will be a memorial
dedicated to your children's children and to America, that
they and she may see and in seeing understand that these
Southerners were of us and all true Americans, and that in
their sincerity and their faith in the services they rendered
their homes and their States they secured for themselves a
place in the Hall of Fame as such."
TREASURER OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERN-
MENT.
BY THE LATE COL. HENRY D. CAPERS, IN ATLANTA (GA.) NEWS.
The Treasurer of the Confederate States was in every
sense of the term a representative business man and typical
gentleman of the old school. How readily I can recall his
handsome face, in which were the expressions of resolution
and the calm, quiet repose of perfect self-possession, of a
high order of intelligence and character!
Mr. Elmore had been well trained in the best schools of his
day for the banking business, in which to personal integrity
and scrupulous exactions in details were added the graces and
the accomplishments of a culture more general in its acquire-
ments than the one single thought, the one engrossing purpose,
of a money changer. The genius of the civilization in the
period of our social and commercial history, in which Mr.
Elmore was an active exponent, lived in a higher and purer
atmosphere than the murky fogs of mere trade and traffic,
where money-getting forms the one purpose of life, where the
shrine of the dollar is the only altar and sensualism the only
worshiper.
Political economy was taught in our colleges and univer-
sities as a science, and Edward C. Elmore was a close stu-
dent of the science. Because of his high personal character,
his known integrity, and his acquirements, he was a repre-
sentative among the financiers of the good old city of Mont-
gomery, Ala., receiving the ready indorsement of the best
business men of this typical Southern city when suggested as
a proper custodian of the money and the securities of the
Confederacy.
EDWARD C. ELMORE, TREASURER C. S. A.
Without hesitation Mr. Davis, on the approval of Secre-
tary Memminger, sent in the name of Mr. Elmore to the
Provisional Congress as Treasurer, and he was at once con-
firmed. His was the first appointment made among those hav-
ing charge of the several subdivisions, or "bureaus," of the
Treasury Department.
When I met him at the executive building, the large vault
in the office assigned to him (on the first floor of the present
Clancy Hotel) was empty, without a dollar in its keeping,
and its massive doors swinging wide open to invite the in-
spection of the curious. When I left the Treasury Depart-
ment to enter the army, millions in sterling exchanges had
passed through American banks on his signature as Treasurer
of the Confederate States.
It is an error to suppose that in his official capacity Mr.
Elmore had only to receive, count, keep, and pay out the
money of the government he had, and most religiously, pre-
served. As Treasurer he must have a perfect knowledge of
the legislation of Congress, especially of the appropriations of
the public funds made by the enactments of that body. All
requisitions made upon the treasury had first to pass his in-
spection before they could assume the form of executive war-
rants, and under our system even a warrant approved by the
Comptroller and sanctioned by the Secretary of the Treasury
was subject to his review before being paid. When one thinks
of the enormous sums necessary to maintain our armies and
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
151
to construct a navy, to provide for the civil branch of the
government service, of the urgent necessity of keeping our
purchasing agents and diplomatic representatives in Europe
supplied with current funds, it will be readily seen that the
tax on the mental and physical energies of the Treasurer
were such as to have tried his capacities to their utmost ex-
tent. It is true that he was in constant and easy communi-
cation with Secretary Memmingcr, who had for the Treas-
urer a very high regard ; but resourceful as the Secretary
undoubtedly was, he could not relieve the ever-increasing
burdens and responsibilities of the Treasurer.
Environed, as Mr. Elmore was. with many perplexing dif-
ficulties, annoyed by a large number of quartermasters, com-
missaries, disbursing officers, and politicians, who were clamor-
ing for money, I never heard of his losing his self-control
or by word or act evidencing the slightest passion. In his
office he was under all circumstances the same self-poised,
calm, and deliberate gentleman ; courteous to all, but obse-
quious to none. Affable in manner, without a particle of
smirking palaver, in clear, direct terms and few in number
he would express the decision of his mind so decidedly that
but little time was lost by either the visitor or the public
servant. He was frequently called to the Secretary's office to
confer with his chief, who had for his opinions a very high
estimate.
Indeed, there was much in the character of these two men
that made them congenial. Both had been trained in the same
school of legitimate financial methods, the one at Charles-
ton, S. C, the other at Montgomery, Ala., two cities that in
social ethics rind commercial methods were at the time, and
are yet, much alike; both possessed a high sense of personal
honor, and neither would condescend to "tricks of trade" or
to the level of an unscrupulous manipulator of artificial
values. The conservative spirit of these financial representa-
tives of the Confederate government is plainly evidenced in
the supplemental recommendation* of the Secretary and Mr
Elmore's exhibits accompanying the messages of the President
to Congress.
In the fall of 1861 Karon Erlanger, our financial agent
at Paris, paid a visit to Richmond to confer with Secretary
Memminger and through him with President Davis with re
gard to the negotiation of our bonds in the financial centers
of Europe. The Baron made a minute inspection of the
Treasurer's office, examined into his system of checks and
balances, and at the conclusion expressed to the Secretarj his
highest commendations Before leaving Richmond to return
to his banking office in Paris, he addressed a note to Ml
Elmore through Secretary Memminger in which he offered
to him the position of cashier in his Paris office with a salary
in gold more than three times the amount he was receiving
in Confederate notes as our Treasurer. The note of Baron
Erlinger was returned to my office, where all communications
of an official character were answered and filed. After a care-
ful consideration of the Baron's tempting offer, Mr. Elmore
declined it, stating in his letter to the Secretary that if his
services were as valuable as the Baron was pleased to esti-
mate them he considered it his duty to render them to his
struggling country. On the back of Mr. Elmore's letter the
Secretary wrote: "A true patriot." And with this truthful
indorsement, expressed in the characteristic handwriting of
the great Secretary, Mr. Elmore's letter was to be seen a few-
years ago among the records of the Confederate government
in the "Captured and Abandoned Property" rooms of the
United States Treasury Department at Washington City.
No man ever lived who placed a higher estimate on per-
sonal honor than Edward C Elmore, and no one was ever
readier to defend this honor when assailed. Many now living
can recall the severe and envenomed criticisms of the ad-
ministration of Mr. Davis by Mr. Daniels, editor of the
Richmond Examiner. As long as these did not assume the
form of personal attacks, they were suffered from the of-
ficials of the government. Either encouraged by this great
forbearance or by an enemy of the Confederate cause, Mr.
Daniels at last singled out Mr. Benjamin, the influential and
trusted cabinet adviser of Mr. Davis, as a target for his
sharpest arrow. In an editorial he charged that the Secre-
tary, calling him by name, was in the habit of gambling at
Worsham's clubrooms, where he would lose large sums of
money. Unhappily for the editorial archer, he coupled the
name of Mr. Elmore, the Treasurer, with that of Mr. Benja-
min in this charge. On the morning that this editorial ap-
peared Mr. Elmore entered the office of the Secretary of the
Treasury with a copy of the newspaper in his hand Calling
Mr Memminger's attention to it, he asked that his books of
account and vouchers be examined at once by the Auditor of
the Treasury and the cash balances ascertained. Mr. Mem-
minger was not disposed to take a serious view of the matter
until he ascertained that Mr. Elmore was determined to call
the editor to the forum where gentlemen in those days ad-
justed their grievances. In a short time, owing to the thor-
ough system of the Treasurer, his accounts had been carefully
examined and the report of Judge Boiling Baker, auditor for
the Treasurer, rendered, showing that every cent of the pub-
lic money was accounted for.
< In the day that this report was filed in the Secretary's of-
' ■ Mr. Elmore sent a note to Editor Daniels demanding a
public retraction of his slanderous charge. As no answer was
returned that was satisfactory to him, Mr. Elmore sent a
challenge under the code duello, which Mr. Daniels accepted.
The duel was fought on Belle Isle, in the James River, just
out of the corporate limits of Richmond. With his usual
coolness Mr Elmore faced his antagonist, and at the first
lire the hand and right arm that had given so many Joab
wounds to the Confederate cause was shattered and the
editor's envenomed pen silenced forever. The result of this
duel occasioned as many hearty congratulations among the
true Confederates in Richmond as if it had been the an-
nouncement of a victory by General Lee over the Federal
army.
The engrossing care of his responsible office and the con-
stant exercise of his mind in revolving the material affairs
of life, inseparably connected with money exchanges, was
well calculated to dwarf the finer sensibilities of a nature not
so well balanced as was that of Mr. Elmore. Away from
his office, at his delightful home, where the graces of a noble,
womanly wife made his hearthstone a sweet resting place,
Mr. Elmore was the cultivated gentleman whose hospitality
was dispensed with the easy grace of one who never allowed
the spirit of a parvenue to chill the glow of genial compan-
ionship.
In fact. Edward Elmore was a character whom Thackeray
would have enjoyed and who would have embellished his
ideals of the Virginians.
[Note. — Edward C. Elmore was a native of Columbia, S.
C, and received his education at the South Carolina College.
A short time prior to the War between the States he moved
to Montgomery, Ala . and became a citizen of that State ]
15-
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
XDlniteb ©augbters of tbe Confederacy
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinskv, Second Vice President General.
Mrs. Lulu A. Lovell, Third Vice President General.
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General.
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General.
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Registrar General.
Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian General.
Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor.
Mrs. W. K. Beard, Custodian Flags and Pennants.
'■'■Love Makes Memory Eternal"
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
Dear Daughters:
"We know He will but keep
Our own and His until we fall asleep."
In February there passed into eternal rest a beautiful char-
acter, Virginia Faulkner McSherry, a typical daughter of the
South, courteous and cultured.
Mrs. McSherry was elected President General of the United
Daughters of the Confederacy at Little Rock, Ark., in 1910.
During her administration she showed unbounded enthusiasm,
marked executive ability, strength and stamina, and un-
flagging interest and determination. In all the really great
work she did during the long, useful years of her life she did
not know the meaning of the word "failure." A Daughter
of the Confederacy in very truth, she worked and strove for
the memories she loved. Let her example inspire us all to
renewed efforts for the good and promotion of the cause we
hold so dear. We, Daughters of the Confederacy, bow in
tender memory to one who was our friend and coworker ; and
as we think of her let there drift into our hearts the promise,
"At eventide it shall be light."
Daughters, many of you, I know, were at the St. Louis
convention, and I am quite sure you will recall the graphic
story of Camp Chase Cemetery, Ohio, told by Colonel Knauss.
The Robert E. Lee Chapter of Columbus, Ohio, tenderly
looks after these graves and strews them with flowers on
Memorial Day. The soldiers buried there are from every
Southern State, and this little band of women are asking you
this year to help them with flowers for June 9. The leading
address on that day will be delivered by Gen. Bennett Young.
I expect to attend. We of the Southland must realize how
necessary it is to carry our flowers and their fragrance to
transplanted gardens.
The accounts of the Arlington Monument Association are
now being audited. In my next letter I hope to state the
exact amount due Sir Moses Ezekiel, and I am looking to you,
Daughters, to help me wipe this debt off our slate at once.
I have every faith in our splendid committee to collect
funds for the window to be placed in the Red Cross building
to the memory of the women of the sixties ; but this commit-
tee needs your cooperation, and I trust that each one of you
is doing her share toward this end.
Mrs. Bashinsky, of Troy, Ala., our Third Vice President
General and Custodian of Badges, writes me that she is much
encouraged by the interest the Daughters are showing in or-
dering badges, and I am greatly pleased by the number of
old members who see the importance of having a membership
certificate. I have signed over fifteen hundred of them since
my election. Daughters, these certificates and badges will
be highly prized by the generation that follows you.
Through the many letters that reach me I see that Daugh-
ters are realizing the importance of subscribing to and read-
ing the Veteran. It behooves us to see that there is a copy
of it in every library and home. We should do all we can to
keep it alive, not only because it is our official organ, but
also because it was left in trust to us.
When I attended the St. Louis convention in 1914, I was
just building my U. D. C. foundation, which I have always
considered was made more durable by the counsel of Mrs.
Augustine Smythe, and it was there that I took South Caro-
lina's motto for my personal one : "Lest we forget." Daugh-
ters, when strife arises in Divisions and Chapters, close your
eyes until you can picture the thin gray line, fast vanishing,
and remember that our organization was formed to honor its
courage, heroism, and suffering, not to glorify ourselves.
Cordelia Powell Odenheimer,
President General U. D. C.
MRS. VIRGINIA FAULKNER M SHERRY.
Mrs. McSherry died at her home, in Martinsburg, W.Va., on February 26,
1916. She was a daughter of Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, member of Congress
and Minister to France during the sixties, and a sister of U. S. Senator Faulk-
ner, of West Virginia. Her husband was a prominent physician of Martins-
burg, Her rich natural gifts were enhanced by education at home and abroad,
and as President of the great organization of United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy she filled the office capably and with credit.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
[53
THE GEORGIA DiriSIOX.
BY MRS. WALTER D. LAMAR, MACON.
To the Daughters of the Confederacy: It gives me great
pleasure as State Editor for Georgia to continue in close con-
nection with the Chapters all over the country through the
medium of the Veteran. It will also be my special effort to
secure throughout Georgia a larger number of subscribers
to our invaluable magazine.
The Georgia Division held its twenty-first annual conven-
tion at Thomasville on November 16, 1916. At this time the
election of officers occurred, as follows: President, Mrs. Her-
bert M. Franklm, Tennille; Vice Presidents, Mrs V McD.
Wilson, Atlanta, Mrs. Frank Harrold, Americus, Mrs. James
Watt, Thomasville; Recording Secretary, Mrs. J. Hays.
Montezuma; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs A, 1 Gilmore,
Tennille; Treasurer, Mrs R V Grady. Savannah; Registrar.
Mi-- Mary Edwards, Eastman; Historian, Miss Mildred
Rutherford, Athens; Auditor. Mrs. Zebulon Walker, Canton;
Recorder of Cross -. Mis- Rebecca Black Dupont, Savannah;
Chairman Georgia Room al Confederal Museum, Richmond.
Mrs R. L. N( sbitt, Atlanta.
The usual harmony that has cha • the u..rk of
Georgia Daughters prevailed, and those honored with offices
are patriotic and well qualified for the work assigned to them.
I he neu President is full of zeal and has done much for
Georgia through various avenues. She is talented as a writer
and speaker and is fitted by birth and education for the duties
that come with her well-deserved honors. She will be a
valued addition to the annual I1 I). C. assemblies.
A number of very important constitutional changes were
made, among which were the increase in membership of the
Executive Board and the making of the office of Historian
and of Recorder of Crosses of Honor of life tenure for the
present incumbents.
The Georgia Division is delighted to be at woik, under the
excellent direction of Mrs. J. A. Sclden, of Macon, in behalf
of the Red Cross Memorial Window at Washington. In the
hope that her method may be helpful to other States in this
campaign for funds. I append hereto her recently issued cir-
cular letter that is bringing good fruitage alp
the Georgia Daughters of the Confederacy: All funds
for the memorial window to the women of the Confederacj
must be gotten together within the next two months. Having
been appointed chairman for Georgia by our new President.
I write to ask that you send me, as soon as you have placed
the matter before your Chapter, either the amount you can
give or a pledge to be redeemed within the two months. This
window is to cost $5,000, is to be made at Tiffany's, am
companion of one to the women of the North. The special
feature I would ask you to bear in mind is: That at the base
of the window will be placed a book for lists of those who
desire to memorialize by a gift, however small, some loved
woman of the Confederacy. Many are gladly availing them-
selves of this opportunity for lovc*s modest offering. The
of color and design will have a fit setting in tin nob 1
structure to be built by the United States government as
headquarters for the American Red Cross Society. A list
will be opened through the U. D. C. column, and it is hoped
that you will shortly have your name written there by the
side of a good-sized contribution.
"Upon receipt of this please appoint a member of your
Chapter to canvass your membership thoroughly with this
proposition, especially giving the opportunity to those who
have not time to come to the meetings. Please insert this in
4*
your local papers and ask all good citizens to help. I suggest,
furthermore, that it would be well to send copies of this let-
ter to your members before the next meeting, asking help
through the Chapter as such, or from 'Mrs. as a memorial
to her mother or her grandmother. , $1, more or li
An appeal to all United Daughters of the Confederacy and
all Children of the Confederacy to use their influence for an
increase in pensions for Georgia veterans is being vigorously
pushed. Only lack of funds in the treasury can withstand
this appeal.
THE ILLINOIS DIVISION.
BY MRS. JOHN C. JACOBS. HISTORIAN.
Our interest in the articles on what other Divisions and
Chapters, U. D. C, are doing induces the belief that we of
the Illinois Division mi{ ncthing of our achieve-
ments and our purpose of interest to others.
Our Division offers several lief of which is the
hundred dollars to man or woman for the best doctor's
thesis on Southern history, this !■ n through Chicago
University. Of two other prizes offered by our Division
President, Mrs. I.. II. Manson, one is for essay on
"The Confederate Soldier," open to men and women. The
other is a banner to the Chapter in the Division securing the
st number of new members during the year 1916.
Chicago Chapter and veterans were entertained on the
Lee anniversary at the home of Mrs Blackley, and Stone-
wall Chapter celebrated the day by an entertainment at the
Great Northern Hotel. Through the assistance of Stonewall
Chapter the third young woman will be graduated from the
Alabama Girls' Technical Institute.
ALL THE U OLULU
Mis. James Britton Gantt. after her interesting work at the
Panama Exposition, has been spending the winter in the
Hawaiian Islands, and her address until May 1 will be Hono-
lulu, Hawaiian Territory. In a recent letter she writes :
"After the glorious on at San Francisco, where 1
touched hands with so many Daughters of the Confed-
1 racy in convention assembled, I came to this interesting and
delightful tropical land to spend the winter months amidst
sunshine and flowers, where the air is soft and balmy, the sea
breeze refreshing, and 'every prospect pleases.' Even in this
island in the mid-Pacific the Daughters of the Con-
federacy are known, though there is no Chapter yet. During
my stay I shall endeavor to get those who are eligible suf-
ficiently interested to organize a Chapter. The Daughters of
the American Revolution have a flourishing Chapter here.
The women who live in this romantic tropical clime have just
enough sentiment to make loyal daughters of the men who
wore the gray.
"I was pleased to find the Daughters in California so en-
thusiastic and accomplishing so much, though so far from
the center of our work. The convention held in San Fran-
cisco last October was one of the best of the twelve conven-
tions that it has been my good fortune to attend and showed
what the Daughters of California could do.
"Although I am far from home and separated from my
own Division and Chapter in Missouri, I read the Veteran
and thereby keep in touch with the work of the organization.
I shall be glad to write for the Veteran something of this
wonderful territory in the sea. which Mark Twain described
as 'the loveliest fleet of islands anchored in any ocean.' "
154
Qoijfederat^ Ueterai).
THREE GRA.XD PRIZES EOR SII1L0H WORKERS.
Dear Daughters of the Confederacy and Friends: I have
just returned from a visit to Mr. Hibbard's studio in Chicago,
and I must tell you that the wonderful Shiloh monument is
coming on rapidly and without doubt will be ready to be un-
veiled in the fall. Every time I see the monument the grander
it seems, the more anxious I am to let you and the world en-
joy it. I visited the foundry and saw the group that has been
cast in bronze. It is inspiring. The figures, so virile, are
nine feet tall. The other group, still in wax, is equally im-
pressive. Just beneath the central group, representing Night
and Death snatching from the Confederacy the victor's wreath,
will be in high relief the head of Gen. Albert Sidney John-
ston. This relief will be two and one-half feet wide and two
feet high. How can I make you realize the beatity, the gran-
deur, the force of this face and head?
Mr. Hibbard will have two reliefs cast for the foundry and
his studio. He said that at little extra expense he could have
cast two more as prizes for work done for Shiloh. Therefore
Three Grand Prizes.
Besides the thousand-dollar bust as a prize to the Chapter
raising the most money for Shiloh, I offer as a prize one re-
lief to that Division raising the most money for Shiloh, and
one relief I will give to that Division raising the most money
for Shiloh in proportion to its membership.
Who will appreciate this great liberality of Mr. Hibbard
and win one of these prizes?
This will give a chance to the small as well as to the large
Divisions to win one of these wonderful prizes and get a re-
ward for its work. This relief will be a part of the monu-
ment and will be a great trophy for the winning Divisions.
Don't let the Chapters forget that in winning or trying to win
the bust they will help their Division win one of the other
prizes.
Contest Closes.
This contest closes October I, 1916. All money must reach
the Shiloh Treasurer by October 10, 1916. The small Divi-
sions must send the number of their membership to the Di-
rector General by October 10. These prizes will be awarded
at the Dallas convention in November, 1916.
Think of all the work necessary to make the unveiling a
success, a grand ceremonial for the United Daughters of the
Confederacy and the South, and how important for the Di-
rector General to know in time if the monument is to be un-
veiled next fall.
.Momentous Question.
Are the U. D. C. going to be ready with the money? That
is the momentous question now. I believe they will be ready.
We must be ready, we can be ready if every Daughter and
the friends of the U. D. C. will do their part. The U. D. C.
are pledged to raise $50,000. This was the original sum, and
this amount will cover everything. Of this sum, we still need
$12,000. Raise this, and we will ask no more. The original
sum of $50,000 is all we need, but we must have that and have
it by November, 1916.
The Committee.
For the committee let me say that it has been a most har-
monious one, a most interested one, a most economical one,
and the work has been carried on at but little expense to the
U. D. C. or to the fund. From the beginning of the work
for Shiloh the directors have conserved every dollar of the
fund. They have not indulged in expensive committee sta-
tionery. Each and every director has borne the expense of
her office, and in the large Divisions her stamp bill alone has
been no small item. In addition to the above, the Treasurer,
Mrs. McKinney, "t" Kentucky, sends receipts for money at
her own expense ; the Secretary, Mrs. Hall, of Arkansas, has
printed and sends out each year to the entire directory at her
personal expense the minutes of Shiloh Committee meetings;
and the Director General has all the typewriting and other
work of her office done at her own expense. Calculate how
much all this has saved the U. D. C. I tell you this that you
may know that in all things you may have confidence in the
Shiloh Committee, that you may know they will always con-
sider the interests of the Shiloh work as they have in the
past, and that you will indulge in no extravagant or unneces-
sary expense.
If these thirty directors can give personally, as they have
done for ten years, from $5 to $25 every year as the expenses
of their office to help on the Shiloh fund, surely the U. D. C.
will show appreciation by coming to their assistance with the
money to complete this work. Surely the smallest Chapter
can send at least $5 and every member give something this
year to this fund. Realize the importance of doing this now.
The committee has worked hard and will be ready to un-
veil your monument next fall. Whether it will be unveiled
rests with you and the people of the South. Raise the money
needed, and the monument will be unveiled and in all its
beauty and grandeur will tell the "story of the glory of the
men who wore the gray."
In my report at the San Francisco convention, in the esti-
mate of total contributions to Shiloh from the various Di-
visions, as compiled by Miss Poppenheim. of South Carolina,
Arkansas was inadvertently omitted. This Division has con-
tributed $779.95.
In justice to Arkansas and Alabama it should be remem-
bered that each Division has erected at Shiloh a $3,000 State
monument.
Faithfully yours,
Mrs. Alexander B. White, Director Genera).
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Rov W. McKinney. Treasurer, from
February 19 to March 9, 1916.
Arkansas: C. A. Royston Chapter, Fulton, $1.
Colorado: Mrs. James C. Stovall (personal), Denver, $1;
Nathan Gregg (personal), Denver, $1. Total, $2.
Florida: Mrs. Warren (personal), Jacksonville, $1; Letitia
Ashmore Nutt Chapter, Fort Meyers, $4; Dixie Chapter, St.
Petersburg, $3; Annie E. Lee Chapter, C. of C, Tampa, $2;
Confederate Gray Chapter, Leesburg, $5 : Tampa Chapter,
$10. Total, $25.
Mississippi: Public school children. Summit. $2.30; public
school children, Gloster, $4; Convent School, Chataw, $8;
St. Alphonso Academy, McComb, $1.10; public school chil-
dren, Robinson, 48 cents; public school children. Knoxville,
80 cents ; a donation from Nebraska, $1 ; Natchez Chapter,
$3 ; Julia Jackson Chapter. Crystal Springs, $5. Total, $25.82.
New York: Proceeds from Shiloh entertainment, from Mrs.
Read, $31.
Oklahoma: Chustenahlah Chapter, Stigler, $1.
Tennessee : Maury County Chapter, Columbia, $25 ; 5th Ten-
nessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $35.15. Total. $60.15.
Total collections since last report, $145.97.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report, $24,672.36.
Total in hands of Treasurer to date. $24,818.33.
(^otyfederat^ l/eterai).
155
Ibistorian General's pa$e
BV MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, CA.
Only a small number of "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission" remain, and large orders can no longer be
filled. Chapters having extra copies on hand will please notify
the Historian General at once. She needs them.
Some of the money secured from the sale of Mrs. Day's
booklet has been used to have printed one thousand copies
each of the Washington and New Orleans speeches, as the
demand has almost necessitated this. These copies will be
sold for ten cents each, to go back into the fund for future use.
As all Chapters have not sent for their share of the his-
torical programs, the Chapters doing such tine work may have
a few extra copies as needed.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR MAY, 1916.
Hampton Roads Conference.
(Answers to be found in "HistoricaJ Sins of ' Imission and
Commission," pages 15-17.1
Ritual.
1 Why was the Hampton Km. ids Conference called and
when ?
2. Who were appointed commissionei
3. Did President Lincoln intend to be present at the con-
ference?
4. Why did he change his mmd, and why did the commis-
sioners not go to Washington City?
5. Where did they meet, and who came with President Lin-
coln?
6. What was the result of the conference?
7. How misrepresented in history? How did this occur?1
8. Give testimonies to disprove the statement attributed to
Stephens.
9. What did Pollard ascribe as President Davis's n
for granting this conference?
10. Why unjust to President Davis?
Reading: "Hampton Roads Conference." Co
Veteran.
Reading: "Hampton Roads Conferei "Memoirs of
John Reagan."
C OF C. PROGRAM FOR MAY, 1016.
Southern Poets.
Ritual.
1. Do you know who wrote "Why the Robin's Breast ts
Red"?
2. Where was he born, and what else did he write?
3. What Chapter U. 1'. C. is erecting a monument to him?
Where?
4. How many Southern poets have written poems about
the mocking bird ?
5. Tell what you know of Sidney Lanier, Henry Timrod,
Richard Henry Wilde, Albert Pike, and Paul Hamilton
Hayne.
6. Do you know who wrote "The Sword of Robert Lee"'
Where was he born and where buried?
OR 01 K SOUTHERS POi
It is delightful to see that the birthdays of our Southern
poets are being observed by the Children of the Conn - i
If this continues, it will not be long before thej become fa-
miliar with their lives and their poems. Frank Stanton's
birthday was celebrated by the Children of the Confedera
in Atlanta last month, and it was very gratifying to have
these roses of appreciation thrown during his life.
There is a movement in Augusta, Ga., the home oi J;
R. Randall for many years prior to his death, to mi-
ineiit to mis Maryland poet, whose "J Maryland,"
has aroused the tires of patriotism in ever) Southern breast.
li is hoped that the Childrei I
and Mar) land « ill un
.lames Ryder Randall, born ii re, Md., in 1839. was
the author of "Maryland, Mj Maryland," that thrilling war
lyric, one of the master works that is destined never to die.
"In its life Mr. Randall lues, and he will continue to live as
long as literature has a place among the inhabitants of the
globe." Oliver Wendell Holmes said thai it was thi
11 produced on either side during the War between the
is. Its author was try, "with
a dash of Irish." His father was John K. Randall. Janus
was educated at the Roman Cath wn,
D. C, and received the degree of 1 1 I1 al None Dame, Ind,
In i860 he went to New Orleans, the most picturesque cit>
the South, to engage in journalistic work and ap-
nted to a professorship at Poydras College, Pointe Coupee.
La. While there one night he arose from a feverish dream
and wrote the words of "Maryland, My Maryland " The po
was sent to the New Orleans Delta, and, liki Ran-
dall awoke one morning to find himself famous. The follow-
lowing is the story of its being set to music: Frederic Berat
chose the tune "Ma Norma) later the lovely German
"Tannebaum, O Tannebaum" was si being more
spirited.
After the battle of Manassas, when an extra session of the
Maryland Legislature was called with a view to secession,
Randall wrote his second war song, "Tin re's Life in the Old
Land Yet." When !'■ lham was killed, Randall sang his "In
Memoriam," so full of beauty and pathos. After this "Arling-
ton" followed, and the quartet of war songs was complete.
Mr. Randall's beautiful devotional poems have never been
published, but his friends trust that they may be soon.
thought of writing "Why the Robin's Breast U Red"
came to him one night at the theater. I he poem i^ founded
upon the supposition that a robin on crucifixion day, in
trying to take one of the thorns from the Saviour's croi
pierced his silver breast and dyed it crimson with the blood.
Two other poems must be mentioned, "Young Marcellus"
and "Eidolon." In 1880 Mr. Randall was invited to deliver an
original poem before his Alma Mater on the occasion ot
centennial, but ill health prevented his acceptance.
He has been called the Tyrtseus of the late war. Like
the Greek poet, he not only inspired the soldiers with his war
songs, but by his elegiac exhortations he revived their con-
stancy and courage.
EDGAR A LI. AX POE.
Dreaming along the haunted shores of time
And mad that sea's ^olian song to sing,
He found the shell of beauty, rhythmic rhyme.
And fondly deemed its sheen a living thing
— Clifford Lanier.
156
Confederate l/eteran
Confeberateb Southern Memorial association
Mrs. \V. J. Beii an President
New Orleans, La.
MRS. JOHN E. Maxwei.I Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Mis-. Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
MlSS Mary A. Halt Historian
'.:■■:.■■.■ Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J- Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
113 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 L'nion Avenue, Memphis, Term.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs Horace L. Simpson
Geokci \— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
LOUXSI \N\ — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vickshurg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
North Caroun \ — Raleigh. . Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolin \ — Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beck with
TENNESSEE — Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Frazer
Virgin] t— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham. Ala.
ANNUAL CONVENTION C. S. M. A.
The seventeenth annual convention of the Confederated
Southern Memorial Association will be held in the city of
Birmingham, Ala., May 15-18, 1916. For the second time
this metropolis of the State has thrown wide its gates, ex-
tending hospitality to the men who wore the gray and to the
women of the sixties who shared with them the trials and
vicissitudes of war from 1861 to 1865.
No definite information has been received in regard to a
meeting place for the welcome meeting and the daily business
sessions. These details will be included in the convention
call, which will be issued later. It is our custom to hold the
opening meeting the day previous to the opening of the U. C.
V. Reunion. This is done in order that speeches and ad-
dresses of welcome will not interfere with the regular order
of business. The President General desires a large attendance
at this convention in the State where the Confederacy was
organized. Presidents of Associations are earnestly requested
to attend or, if that is not possible, that a report be sent
(typewritten) for publication in the minutes.
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association makes a
special feature of the memorial service, which is held at
twelve o'clock on the second day of the Reunion, Wednesday,
May 17, in the U. C. V. auditorium. This service is under
the auspices of the U. C. V. and the C. S. M. A.
The Recording Secretary General requests the Secretaries
of Associations to forward to her at the earliest possible time
the names of such members as have departed this life since the
last convention. These names will be read during the me-
morial service. Do not forget to send annual dues ($2) to
the Treasurer General on or before May I, 1916. See her
address on letterhead. The Treasurer General requests that
dues be sent by money order. If a check is sent, add ten
cents for exchange.
Did you receive a circular letter from Mrs. J. Enders
Robinson, the chairman of the Red Cross Memorial Build-
ing? Has your Association considered the urgent appeal?
Do not fail in your duty. The memorial women of the six-
ties cry out to you to answer this call.
Special Message to State Vice Presidents.
Do not fail to write to your Representative in Congress to
support the bill (H. R. 478) introduced by Hon. John N.
Tillman, of Arkansas. This bill corresponds in many par-
ticulars with the cotton tax resolution offered by your Presi-
dent General at Chattanooga in 1913, which was unanimously
adopted by the convention. Circulars have been mailed to
you by our Corresponding Secretary General, Mrs. J. Enders
Robinson ; and the chairman of the Cotton Tax Committee.
Mrs. Robert H. Jones, of Raleigh, N. C, is at present in
Washington, giving her personal attention to this measure
now before Congress.
To quote from the magnificent speech delivered in the
House of Representatives by Mr. Tillman in explanation of
his bill, we read the following stirring words : "'It is not a
pension that I am asking ; it is a payment. It is not a charity,
but justice. It is not a gift, but a reparation. It is not an
advance; it is a return. It is not largess; it is conscience
money.''
Memorial women, remember that Arkansas is the birthplace
of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association. It is
our duty to give our best efforts in support of the bill intro-
duced by the honorable gentleman from Arkansas in this the
first serious effort that has been made to have the cotton tax,
which was illegally collected in 1863-65, returned to the South-
ern States to be devoted to the needy, aged, and disabled
Confederate soldiers and their widows.
In order that all may have an opportunity of meeting and
hearing the Hon. John N. Tillman, an effort will be made
to have him accept an invitation to address the memorial
women at their convention in Birmingham. Remember the
men who went forth to battle for your homes and firesides
and the widows who were left to struggle through life alone.
State Vice Presidents are earnestly requested to send this
message to their State Associations.
Meet me in Birmingham.
Yours fraternally, Mrs. W. J. Beha.n.
President General.
OFFICIAL PIN.
Being custodian of the official pin of the C. S. M. A., it
will give me pleasure to forward an application to any mem-
ber for said pin. The emblem is a Confederate battle flag
on which rests an iron crown encircled by a wreath of cypress
tied with a bowknot of ribbon, on which the letters "C. S.
M. A." appear. The flag and crown are enameled in colors
and make a most symbolic and appropriate pin for the women
of the sixties to wear. I trust that this notice in the official
column will reach the eye of every member and that all wish-
ing the pin before the convention to be held in Birmingham
will send for an application promptly to insure the receipt of
the pin on time.
Fraternally yours, Daisy M. L. Hodgson,
Recording Secretary General.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
157
THE KU-KLUX KLAN AND "THE BIR1H OF A
NATION."
BY MRS. S. E. F. ROSE, WEST POINT, MISS.
I In- wonderful photo play entitled "The Birth of a Nation,"
which portrays so vividly the Ku-Klux Klan, has done more
in a few months' time to arouse interest in that organization
than all the articles written on the subject during the last
forty years. We have been told that "the pen is mightier than
the sword"; but it seems that the silent language of the
photo drama has proved more powerful than all else in bring-
ing about a realization of "things as they were" during Re-
construction in the South, the era immediately following the
War between the States. Those pictured scenes in "The
Birth of a Nation" have, like a flame of tire, burned into the
hearts of men and women and left an impression stamped too
"deep ever to be eradicated. \ii'l so the presentation
great play has accomplished untold good, for people are now
beginning to understand the terrible conditions existing in
the South during Reconstruction which made the Ku-Klux
Klan a necessity. People everywhere are now seeking the
true history of the Klan, its origin, objects, and mission, and
the South should be prepared to furnish these facts while the
information is being so eagerly sought.
The question has been asked 1 i he Birth of a
Nation' exaggerate? Does it present conditions as they
really were?" Only those who lived through Reconstruction
days can answer thai question, and thi
THE BANNER OF THE KU-KLUX.
given by a devoted woman of the Confederacy who, after
seeing the play, remarked : "It does not tell half enough of
the horrors of those dark days." Reconstruction is a word
that can hardly be spoken even yet without a thrill of terror
by those who were witnesses of those scenes and came under
the dark cloud that enveloped the Southland during "recon-
struction," or, rather, "destruction," which has been suggested
by an eminent Southern writer as a more appropriate term.
All seemed blackness and despair until the Ku-Klux Klan
appeared upon the scene, bringing a ray of hope and affording
relief from a situation which threatened greater horrors than
the war itself. Does not the Southland owe a debt of grati-
tude to the brave men who composed that organization and
who rode side by side with death during the darkest hour in
the South's history to redeem the land from carpetbag and
negro rule? The only way to pay that debt is to vindicate
completely those heroes before the world by producing the
facts and placing them before our boys and girls of to-day.
who will be our citizens of to-morrow and at the head of
State and national affairs.
The Ku-Klux Klan was a creation born of necessitous
times, and it was a most potent factor in bringing help to the
South in her hour of dire distress and furnishing relief that
could have come in no other way. And yet no organization
has been so grossly maligned, misjudged, and misunderstood.
The Ku-Klux Klan has also been called The Invisible Em-
pire." and so effectively did it carry out its purposes that it
might also have appropriately been called "The Invincible
Empire." In order to have a proper appreciation of this great
itent. there are some fundamental and vital prn
upon which the Klan was founded that should be carefully
<onsidered in order that the deep significance of the Klan
may be revealed. .
Foundation Principles.
Patriotism, justice, humanity, protection, preservation of
real law and good government, and the establishment of
white supremacy forever. While the charge has been made
that the Klan was unlawful — and, in one sense of the word,
this is true — in a higher sense it was lawful, fnr the laws
of the land had been diverted from their original purpose;
and trampled underfoot by ignorant and vicious negroes and
adventurers who were unable properly to interpret the laws
and unfit to enforce them. The Ku-Klux Klan was organized
to meet these conditions, to resi't lawlessness, to defend jus-
tice, to preserve the integrity of the white race, and to en-
force civil and racial law No braver men were ever banded
together, no grander brotherhood ever existed, than the orig-
inal Ku-Klux Klan. These men were true patriots animated
by a noble spirit and possessing ideals as high as ever en-
tered into the mind of man to conceive.
Birthplace of the Klan.
Pulaski, Giles County, Tenn., was the birthplace of the Ku-
Klux Klan, which came into being and was perfected during
the winter and spring of 1866. This town was noted for the
culture and refinement of its people, a town of schools and
colleges and churches, of the most elevating social, religious,
and educational influences, and not a community that would
likely produce cutthroats or desperadoes or engender an or-
ganization with low, ignoble, or evil purposes. Amid these
environments, all elevating and refining, the Ku-Klux Klan
originated and was started on its great mission to protect the
Southland, rescue it from its enemies, and place it on the
158
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
highest plane of Caucasian civilization. Pulaski always re-
mained in a way headquarters for the Klan, as many of its
prominent officers and members and all of its originators
lived there. Pulaski has always felt the greatest pride that
it was the birthplace of the Klan, which was destined to play
such a prominent and valuable part in Southern history.
Charter Members.
There were six charter members of the Ku-Klux Klan, as
follows : John C. Lester, Richard R. Reed, John Booker Ken-
nedy, Frank O. McCord. Calvin Jones, James R. Crowe.
Their names should be written in letters of light on Fame's
immortal scroll. They were all men of education, of culture,
refined taste, and good ancestry ; men of moral and social
standing, of intelligence and sterling character, and all had
served their country during the four years of war and had
honorable records as Confederate soldiers. They first organ-
ized as a social club to hold meetings for recreation and social
intercourse, to relieve the tedium and monotony following the
stirring scenes and activities of war. However, they soon
directed their object into more useful channels. They were
confronted with the fact that the newly acquired freedom of
the negro, this sudden elevation to power, and the bad advice
given him by carpetbaggers and scalawags were making of
the negro a very undesirable and dangerous citizen. These
men knew perfectly the characteristics of the negro; they
knew that superstition entered largely into his make-up and
that through that dominating element in his nature they
would be able to eontrol him. They knew that the mere
mention of "ghosts" and "graveyards" would have a very
salutary effect in keeping the negro in his proper place.
So the Ku-Klux Klan made the negroes believe that they
were the spirits of their dead masters and had come direct
from the spirit world to admonish them for their wrong-
doings and to punish them if they refused to obey. The ef-
fect was wonderful — indeed, almost miraculous — and the an-
ticipation of a visit from these "ghosts" would subdue even
the most maliciously inclined. All that was weird, mysterious,
and awe-inspiring in costumes, conversations, signs, and pass-
words was used by these midnight riders to hold the negroes
in abeyance and thus counteract the evil influence^ of the
carpetbagger and low politicians who were using the negro
as a tool for their evil purposes and to get the reins of gov-
ernment in their own hands.
Origin of the Name.
The significant name "Ku-Klux" was really coined by
the charter members. It was suggested that the Greek word
"KuKlos," meaning a circle, be given the organization. This
finally was called "Ku-Klux," and later Klan was added, mak-
ing the three K's, or "Ku-Klux Klan," which became so his-
toric and significant. "The Invisible Empire," another name
for the Klan, was given because of the sudden mariner in
which the Klan appeared and disappeared, leaving the impres-
sion, as expressed by the negroes, that "the Ku-Klux riz from
the ground"; disappearing with equal suddenness, it appeared
as if the ground had openeuteind swallowed them. Many ruses
were adopted by the Ku-Klux. .to scare the negroes into sub-
mission, and they always had thedesired effect. For instance,
such as asking for a drink of wafer and disposing quickly of
several bucketfuls at a time, the Klansman remarking that it
was the first drink he had had "since the battle of Manassas"
or Shiloh or some other famous battle, when in reality the
water went into a rubber bag concealed beneath the costume.
MISSISSIPPI KU-KLUX.
They would also remove their heads and hand them to the
negroes to hold while they were drinking water. This was
done by having a skull on top of the head, which was covered
by a sheet. Then oftentimes they would offer to shake hands
and ride off, leaving a skeleton hand with the negroes as a
pleasing souvenir of their visits. These and many other de-
vices that only a Ku-Klux could conceive of aroused such
terror among the negroes that they would flee to the woods,
only the whites of their eyes being visible.
The titles of the officers of the organization were all weird
and uncanny, such as Grand Wizard, Grand Dragon, Grand
Giant, Grand Cyclops, and many others, and the private mem-
bers were called "Ghouls." The
banner of the Ku-Klux Klan, of
triangular shape, yellow with
red border, carrying a fierce black
dragon with fiery tongue and
the inscription, "Quod semper,
quod ubique, et quod ab omini-
bus," was another symbol of
terror. The costumes were
weird and fantastic. No uni-
form color was used, and so
they varied in the different
States. All white was a favorite,
as it carried out the "ghost"
idea; but red, yellow, and even
black were used, according to
the taste of the individual or the
"Den," as the meeting place of each Klan was called. The
costumes were made by the devoted women of the South-
land— the wives, mothers, and sweethearts — who were always
in the confidence of the Ku-Klux Klan. They were made
with their own fingers and concealed in some specified place,
and the Ku-Klux knew just where to find them after nightfall.
Leaders or the Klan.
Gen. George W. Gordon, of Confederate fame, was one of
the Klan's early and wise leaders. He prepared the oath and
ritual for the Klan and furnished a safe chart for them to
follow in their dangerous work. In the fall of 1866 the Klan
had spread with amazing rapidity, covering nearly all the
Southern States ; and Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the great
Confederate cavalry leader, was made "Grand Wizard of the
Invisible Empire." The oath was administered to him by
Capt. John W. Morton, afterwards Secretary of State of
Tennessee, in Room No. 10 of the Maxwell House, Nash-
ville, Tenn., and the Klan moved forward in its great work of
rescue and protection. In 1869 General Forrest gave the or-
der for disbandment, believing that the mission of the Klan
had been accomplished, and the mighty Invisible Empire, not
by force, but voluntarily, disbanded. The Klansmen folded
their tents like the Arabs and silently passed from view. Their
great mission of protection for the homes and women of the
Southland had been accomplished, and these uncrowned
heroes of the Southland desired no other reward.
Wrong Impressions.
The Ku-Klux have been called cowards because they acted
under disguise. Existing conditions must again be considered
to explain this. Ex-Confederates were denied the right of the
ballot, of testifying in court, and of carrying firearms. There
*Only picture extant of Ku-Klux taken from life. Used by courtesy of Dr.
C. Kendrick, of Mississippi, an ex-Klansinan.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
159
were negro soldiers, legislators, and magistrates. Carpetbaggers
held the reins of government, and to have acted in the open
would have been equivalent 10 offering their arms f<>r hand-
cuffs and being sent to some Northern prison, there to lan-
guish and die, leaving loved ones at home at the mercy of
despots and ruffians. The secrecy they were compelled to
use also made it possible for evil men to assume the disguise
of the Ku-Klux and to perpetrate wicked deeds that the real
Ku-Klu.x did not permit. The real Ku-Klux were opposed to
taking human life and never did so except as a last resort.
The Ku-Klux have also been compared to the "night riders."
This is entirely wrong, for the latter di -troyed lives and
property a out private vengeance and hatreds; but
the Ku-Klux protected lives and property whenever it was
pi issible to do so.
SONS TaUCH I BV I HE Kl \\
Several 1 night by the Klan which •
that "he that run- m 13 read"
1. 'The inevitability of Anglo-Saxon supremacy I his was
firmly established for all time by these brave men when every
attempt was being made to trample white civilization under-
foot.
2. The courage and patriotism of the Confederate soldier,
tried on hundreds of battle fields. Returning home to deso-
lation ,ind poverty, he rose to meet an cm luring
Reconstruction that called for most heroic act
3. That truth will at last prevail. The Ku-Klux Klan was
founded on truth and honor; and now. after more than half a
century has passed, the complete vindication of the Klan is
being witnessed, bringing to mind the words of the poet ;
"Truth crushed to earth shall rise again.
The eternal years of God are hers ;
I'.nt Error, wounded, writhes in pain
And dies among his worshipers "
The Ku-Klux Klan was born in mystery, lived in mystery,
and mystery will ever enshroud its grave
As Minerva sprang from the brain of Jupiter clad in com-
plete armor, so from the bosom of the Southland in a night,
as it were, sprang this vast invisible, invincible arm;
posed of the brave men of the South, fully armed and
equipped, to redeem the land from oppression and destruc-
tion. Let parents see to it that respect for the Ku-Klux Klan
is impressed upon the minds and diearts of their children,
and thus will a monument be erected to ; ■■■-■ - nthern
heroes more enduring than marble or bronze.
[Note. — This article was written for tl • by special
request. Original letters of charter members, documents, and
affidavits now in the possession of the writer verify all the
ments made. — F.mtor.1
MOUNTED KU-KLUX IN FULL REGALIA.
THE OLD-TIME '
BV R. W. W
(Dedicated i<> "the Colonel" ;*n i the old-lime nigger, wh tul even
to the crave.)
'Tis ah-plowin' an' ah-hoein' an' ah-hillin' ob de corn —
le hard lot ob dis nigger in de place whar I was born.
De home an old log cabin wid de chimblej rumblin' down.
\n' de grub it am de razorback wid hoe< nd t>rown
- wanee Ribbcr. but 'tis on de Ribber .Teems,
At de foot ..I, de ole plantation whar I was born, it seems,
Whar de Colonel own my daddy, and Miss Mary owned my
ma
In de happiest days of ah nigger's life on de .Teems before
de war.
:mes is changed. Di 's dead: Miss Ma-
alone ;
De Yankee- de war time's come and
gone ;
De mansion whar my white folks libed am falling to decay;
De gals dey all done married ; Marse John done moved away.
But de old home place am jest de same; gits dearer day by
day.
An' I hain't gwine to perambulate, but here Ise gwine ter
stay,
Ah-plowin' an' ah-hoein' an' ah-hillin' ob de corn,
I'ntil T finds ah resting place by de Jeems whar I was born.
Yes. Ise an old-time nigger, and Ise not ashamed to say
Dat Ise jest as trite to my white folks as in de slab'ry day.
I followered de Colonel to de war. and I fotched him home
ag'in.
And for every wound in his brave breast 'twas me dat felt
de pain.
I helped to shovel up de clay at de feet ob his ma and his pa,
And I wrapped him around in de ole gray coat dat he wore
'way to de war.
So I jest keep on ah-plowin' an' ah-hoein' till Gabriel blows
his horn,
An' de Colonel he'll welcome me jest as sure as you is born.
i6o
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?
THE FAILURE OF THE CONFEDERACY— WAS IT A
BLESSING?
BV JAMES H. M'NEILLY, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN.
(Continued from March number )
The South's Material Progress.
A third ground on which we are asked to rejoice in the de-
feat of the Confederacy is the wonderful development of the
South's material resources since the war and the consequent
great increase in wealth. It is claimed that this, progress is
the result of the substitution of free for slave labor and the
establishment of the supremacy of the central government un-
hindered by interference of the State authority.
There has been no doubt a vast increase of wealth attend-
ing the revolution in our economic system and the introduc-
tion of commerce and manufacture instead of the old, almost
exclusive, devotion to agriculture, and of course there has
been also large increase in the appliances for comfortable liv-
ing. But we may well doubt that this has been brought about
by emancipation and centralization rather than by the action
of world-wide forces acting in all civilized countries and
which would have brought about the same results under the
old order in the South.
No one will deny that temporal and material prosperity is a
legitimate object of pursuit. The eagerness with which men
universally seek after wealth is a natural desire, indicating
that it may be a great blessing in adding to human happiness
and increasing man's effectiveness for good. But the earnest-
ness and frequency of our Saviour's warnings against the
perils of riches show that they may become a curse both to
the individual and to society. They may be won at the sac-
rifice of far higher interests, and they may foster evils far
worse than poverty. Xot vain is the solemn question: "What
shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and
lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for
his soul?" Rome was greater in the days of her poverty,
struggling for her right to be a nation, than when the nations
poured their treasures into her lap as mistress of all the
world. Little Holland's tragic conflict for existence against
the mightiest empire of the world has stirred the admiration
and inspired the emulation of men for three centuries. She
had the same problems after gaining her independence that
our own country had — a contest between centralized power
and States' rights. Centralization won. But who would honor
her in the luxury of her wealth rather than in the days of
her poverty and sacrifice, when her treasures were men rather
than gold and silver and costly merchandise?
History emphasizes the teaching of Revelation that there
are higher values for a people than earthly possessions and
that abundant riches may be the ruin of a nation. That
which makes a State great is not the magnificence of luxury,
not splendid cities nor mighty armaments, "but men who their
duties know, but know their rights and, knowing, dare main-
tain." It is folly and affectation to profess contempt for
wealth. Yet when it is gained or used to the sacrifice of
manhood, then it is contemptible.
"Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay."
Mere material prosperity is no proof that a cause is just
or that its triumph is a blessing. Some of the most despotic
and tyrannical governments have shone with all the splendors
that vast wealth, elegant culture, treasures of art could be-
stow. Before we can determine whether wealth is a blessing.
there arc certain questions to bo answered. By what means
was that wealth gained? What was the cost of it in human
toil, sacrifice, life? To what uses is it applied — to whom
does it minister? What is its influence on the life and char-
acter of the mass of the people? What is its effect on the
social and political order, on government and society? How
distributed? In estimating the real benefit that has come to
the South and, indeed, to the whole country by the immense
and rapid development of our material economic resources
these questions must be met and answered; and we are to
consider not the immediate effect only, hut the tendencies and
whither they lead.
Changed Conditions.
There can be no question that the conditions of life and
labor have been radically changed, not only in the South, but
in the whole country, and more completely in the South than
in any other section as a result of the war; and the immense
accumulation of wealth has largely affected the character of
the people. To realize the greatness of the change it is
needful to be reminded of the conditions in the South before
the war, when the labor system embraced not only white men,
but also four millions of slaves of the black race.
Before the great revolution the South was almost exclusively
devoted to agriculture. In the farming States the slave popu-
lation was scattered on farms of a few hundred acres and
cultivated by comparatively few slaves, from five to fifty. In
the planting States the plantations of cotton, tobacco, rice,
and sugar covered a thousand acres or more, and the slaves
were numbered often by hundreds.
REV. JAMES H. M XF.ILLV.
Dr. McNeilly was appointed chaplain of the 49th Tennessee Infantry,
Quarles's Brigade, anil really served as chaplain of the brigade. He was in
e\erv battle of that command, going into the charges with the boys until they
began dropping about him, when he took charge of the litter corps and ga\e
attention to the wounded anil dying.
Qoijfederat^ l/eterar?.
161
It was the effort of every family claiming respectability,
whether slaveholders or not, to own its own home in the
land. The old Bible idea prevailed : "The profit of the earth
is for all: the king himself is served by the field." (Eccles.
v. 9.) The peculiar institution of domestic slavery was es-
pecially adapted to an agricultural life. There was a patri-
archal flavor and simplicity about the institution that waited
on the process of the seasons and that looked to and was de-
pendent on the providential coming of the sunshine and tin
rain, which put that life out of touch with the rush and eager
competition of the other portions of the country. There was
a fine leisureliness that was mistaken for indolence. The
conditions of comfort and happiness were very general among
people of all classes. It was a life of industry, yet free
from the strenuous striving of other sections ; and it yielded
a competency, but no great material profits. There were few
great fortunes, and the returns from the large plantations
were hardly more than sufficient to feed and clothe the work
ers. There was never a more contented and care-free bod) 0
laborers thin the slaves, as a general rule.
The condition of the South was constantly by Northern
writers contrasted with that of the North, much to our <
advantage and to the condemnation of slavery as an economic
hindrance to our progress. New England was held up to us
as a shining example of what free labor, with commerce and
manufactures, could do for a community With complai
egotism they boasted of their superior culture and sneered
at our backwardness, and since the war with condescending
approval they take tn themselves the chief credit for our
prosperity. We arc urged by these orators, who rejoice in
our defeat, to follow the pattern set for us by New England
that we may reach the fullness of material success. Of course
wo recognize, without envy or jealousy, whatever is good or
great in the history of the people of that section, who have
triumphed over unfavorable conditions and have made the
most of commerce and manufactures, to which they were
driven by the necessities of adverse soil and climate. We
recognize, too. the value and importance of the mining and
manufacturing industries to the whole country for its de-
velopment. We see the broadening influence of mingling
with other sections and peoples in the exchange of com-
merce. No one would be so foolish as to deny that wealth
brings comforts and opportunity for larger culture, and so
may be a great blessing.
Undi \ 1 1 opi dRi .1
It is true that the development of the economic resources
of a country is a great benefit to its people and to the world ;
and this development includes not only the discovery and use
of its materials of wealth, its products of field and mine and
stream, but also the training of the people themselves in
various lines of industry to work up these resources most
effectively for the comfort and progress of all.
It is true also that immense sources of wealth in the South
lay undeveloped, even untouched, because of our system of
labor. That system was a fact which came to us from the
action of former generations. North and South. Four mil-
lions of negroes were among us; people of a race not only
different from us in native and acquired character, but also
inferior in every quality of effective manhood. They were
to be fed, clothed, housed, directed in labor, cared for in
sickness. The primal law applied to them, as to every race
of men : "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread."
The negro must work for his living or become a burden and
a menace to the land He was peculiarly adapted to agricul-
ture, especially in a climate like ours. In the existing condi-
tions the only way to make him an effective member of the
community was by a system of slavery In other words, it was
a question whether at that time the negro could earn his
living in any other way than by agriculture, under the au-
thority, control, and direction of a master. And, in spite of
the constant charge of "unrequited toil," no laboring class
was ever more liberally paid, as far as material wages are
considered. While many negroes since emancipation have
secured property, the race as a whole has not made a com-
fortable living for itself, and it has had the help and encour-
nent of Hie best white people of the South, as well as the
gifts of the North.
If the South had been left to deal with the system un-
hindered by Northern interference, it might have trained the
race to diversified industries and to become skilled laborers
in the mechanical arts : for numbers of slaves were good
carpenters, blacksmiths, bricklayers, masons, etc. Still, after
nearly fifty years of freedom, comparatively few are employed
in the great manufactories, and they are confined mostly to
digging in the field or in the mine. But before the war the
pressing need was to make a living for this vast mass *f un-
skilled laborers, and agriculture was the easiest, if not the
only, way
The Independent Life.
Another reason for the neglect of manufactures and com-
merce was that the Southern people by generations of ex-
perience preferred the freedom and independence of out-
door life. The farm would always give a living, and there
was in the life relief from the care and anxiety which so
largely attend the life that depends on one's own skill or
craft. The people of the South lived much in the open air
Their climate invited to that. They hunted and fished. Even
the work of the slaves was light compared with that exacted
from the white laborer of the North. So it came that the
South preferred this liberty with far less wealth rather than
the toil that strives for wealth by exploiting natural resources.
Now, the results of the war have changed all this. Labor is
free. Manufactures flourish in the South. Our people are
active in commerce. The treasures of the hills, the forests,
the fields, and the streams are discovered and utilized as
never before. The question comes. Are we a better and a
happier people? Are these advantages in any measure offset
by disadvantages which are also the results of the war?
Have we purchased these great benefits at too great a price5
I lid the manner of this development of material resources
also introduce evils that in the long run will nullify the
benefits? To many it appears as if emancipation and the
removal of the checks on centralized power will ultimatelj
bring; a slavery of the masses more despotic than any African
slavery ever was in the South, a slavery whose yoke can be
thrown off and its fetters broken by some such terrible tragedy
as the French Revolution at the close of the eighteenth cen-
tury.
Centra] [zed Wi ai.th.
The real prosperity of a country is not so much in the ac-
cumulation of stores of wealth and in the development of its
varied resources as in the equitable distribution of the means
of comfortable and worthy living among the masses of the
people. But as the result of the war we see vast aggrega-
tions of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few men. By
their combinations they control the industries of the countn
1 62
(^oi}federat^ l/eterar?
They largely own the sources of wealth and the means or
tools for their development. They own the mines, the fac-
tories, the railroads. The banking capital of the whole coun-
try is in the hands of a few; so that the census of 1800 shows
that nine per cent of the population owned seventy-one per cent
of the wealth, and sixty-three per cent of the population owned
nine per cent of the wealth. It is probable that the dispro-
portion is greater now. These few can dictate the wages of
labor and also fix the prices of the necessities of life and
so determine the cost of living. And there is to-day in various
lines of industry a white slavery more grinding than the
domestic slavery of the South could ever have shown. So
we have the cruelties of child labor in the mills and the
white slave traffic in young girls to minister to the lust of
the idle rich.
To protect themselves against the combinations of wealth
the toilers have organized the labor union ; and while it has
done much to check the despotism of capital and is a necessity
for the securing of any fair wage for labor, yet its tendency
is to hold its members to a slavery as tyrannical as that of
its opponent, and its attitude to those who will not join it
is intolerant and persecuting. Thus we are confronted with
a war between capital and labor, and so the country is over-
run with an army of tramps who do not work and, on the
other hand, a swarm of idlers whose chief thought is how to
waste the money they have not earned. When honest work-
men cannot earn enough to support their families by their
wages and a gathering of millionaires sit together in a palatial
hotel at a $15,000 banquet to consider how they can reduce
wages so as to pay dividends on watered stock, as occurred
a few years ago in New York City, surely there is something
radically wrong with present conditions which foster such
tyranny and oppression.
When a dudish scion of wealth gives a $500 dinner for his
poodle and its associate dogs, while children in the city are
starving, surely we face a condition where wealth is a curse
rather than a blessing. And when it is replied that these
are exceptions, yet they indicate tendencies that threaten ruin.
The claim is sometimes made that this immense wealth in
the hands of a few men is used in large charities and in
building up the industries of the country and giving employ-
ment to labor and that the few can use it better for the gen-
eral welfare. Still it is in their power at any time to op-
press the masses, and the history of the world shows that
unlimited power in the hands of one man or a set of men is
certain to be abused. The check on the master in the days
of slavery in the South was the fact that the slaves were
members of the family. The institution was patriarchal, and
sentiment rather than legislation was the slave's protection.
But when greed for gain is the controlling motive, as it is in
a commercial commonwealth, then there is no limit to the
oppression that men will inflict for money. "The love of
money is the root of all evil."
The Government a Prize.
One of the evils of this unequal distribution of wealth is
the separation of men into the two camps of those who con-
trol it and those who create it — capitalist and laborer — as I
have mentioned, and each class looks upon the government
as a prize to be won and used for its own special advantage.
Politics becomes a conflict of opposing interests in which the
varied divisions of each general class, as well as the classes
themselves, are warring to secure control of government and
direct legislation. Capital would use the power of the gov-
ernment to increase its profits and to make human life and
comfort subservient to its rights of property ; labor not only
tries to secure protection, but to obtain more than it has justly
earned. In either case we are threatened with a government
controlled by the dollar or the demagogue. Capital by
bribery and corruption would win unfair privileges and evade
its just share of the burdens of taxation; labor by violence or
by intimidation seeks to elect its legislators. And so the
lawmaking bodies are apt to become mere registrars of the
decrees of the plutocrat or the proletariat. Capital buys legis-
latures; labor bulldozes.
By the tariff the trusts are built up and are able to levy on
the whole nation tribute on every article of use and to swell
continually their enormous fortunes. On the other hand, by
unjust taxation and restrictions on enterprise and by unfair
limitations on hours of labor it is possible to deprive capital
of its legitimate profit and thrift, industry, and economy of
their proper fruits.
This lawlessness of rich and poor has been wonderfully in-
creased since the war, and it generates contempt for govern-
ment, not only in matters of property, but of life. Men buy
their seats in official positions or are elected by fraud and in-
timidation, and office is used to make fortunes by selling
legislation. The defaulters in business are multiplied enor-
mously. We are becoming a nation of homicides — ten thou-
sand in one year. No murderer is brought to the penalty of
his crimes by the courts, and he escapes by bribery or by
technicalities or by bullying witnesses, unless outraged justice
is vindicated by lynch law. Even the courts, the last bul-
warks of righteous law, are too often blind where weakness
seeks redress against power.
These conditions are in large measure consequences of that
spirit that saved the Union by overriding the Constitution,
that made the government the instrument of a fanatical party,
that plundered the South by armies of looters, that brought
on her the horrors of Reconstruction, that taught that a Rebel
had no right that a Unionist was bound to respect. In short,
we are asked to rejoice in a material prosperity that was
built on an utterly lawless destruction of our constitutional
rights and is attended now by a disregard of law and justice
for the sake of wealth.
Social Effect of Centralized Wealth.
One of the evils of the concentration of wealth in the hands
of a few is to make the distinctions of society depend on
merely material differences and to destroy that brotherhood
of men founded on human sympathy. Its tendency is to make
a man's social position, the estimation in which he is held
and the influence he exercises in the community, depend on
the amount of his property rather than on his character. The
separation into rich and poor will always exist ; but the dis-
tinction, especially in a republic, ought not to prevent the
freest social intercourse. The establishment of an aristocracy
founded on riioney is not only contrary to republican ideals.
but it is the lowest form of aristocracy. Although the South
was accused of fostering an aristocracy, there was no section
where money had less to do in determining social position.
Indeed, the institution of negro slavery made every white man
jealous of his race privileges and gave to every white man a
certain pride of social standing. During the Civil War the
Confederate armies illustrated the mingling of rich and poor
together on terms of social equality, and in our churches the
same intermingling of all was seen, the official members of
C^or>federat^ l/eterat).
163
the Church being chosen for their piety and wisdom and not
tor their wealth.
But since the war, not only in the South, but over the whole
country, the tendency of the unequal distribution of wealth is
to emphasize social distinctions; and men and women whose
grandfathers were honest laborers, now having accumulated
great riches, are very exclusive in their associations, rejecting
the poor from their "set." There is as a result a growing
chasm between the classes, a lack of sympathy that bodes no
good. The rich expend their wealth in luxurious living.
while the poor sink into hopeless and helpless misery. The
statistics of poverty in the United States reveal a terrible
contrast between the luxury of the few and the narrow and
distressing condition of great masses of the people. When
the bond of sympathy between the various classes of society
is broken, it is dangerous to the continuance of the republic.
The poor who have to struggle for a bare living see the
largest portion of the wealth of the country appropria
the few, who escape the burdens of the government that pro-
tects them and who gain possession of the very means of
making a living, while the} satisf) I nines 1.
of charity. The living wage is calculated to keep the poor in
poverty and so to perpetuate the si paration from the rich.
When the separation has reachi when sym-
pathy has become dead, then the victims of social injustice will
us, 10 destroy their oppressors, and their blind rage will be
as unjust and cruel as was the heartless luxury of their op-
pressors. When the gulf between the rich and the poor
reaches that stage, the 'loom of the nation is sealed.
It is true that we have not reached that point yet in our
national life. Hut the social unrest indicates that this gather-
ing of the wealth of the country into the hands of a few
men, this forcing the masses to minister to the greed and
luxury of the privileged classes, this lordly contempt for the
poor, 1- having its effect in alienating the mass of the people
who are poor from those who control the means of living,
and they will arise in their desperation and destroj the social
order which fosters such injustice
1 ON I'l RSON \I. Cmab VI
The congestion of wealth, the result of the war, which we
are asked to rejoice in not only uses the government as its
servant and breaks society into classes separated by mere
material lines, but its influence on individual character has
been injurious. The debasing of character is seen in the
sharpness in business which condones successful dishonesty,
in the disregard of plighted word, in the lax sense of honor,
in the looseness of the marriage bond and the sexual im-
moralities of the social leaders, in the lack of reverence for
the most sacred relations as parental, divine, patriotic Among
the rich this lowered character is shown in the loathsome reve-
lations of the divorce courts, in the gigantic frauds and de-
falcations, and in the bribery ami corruption of those in official
positions. Among the poor, the injustice they have suffered
has led to the shameless impurities of the slums, to the drunk
enness and thievery which are the outcome of masses of peo-
ple herded together like swine.
In the old days ,11 (lie South a man defended the good name
of the women of his family with his life, and any aspersion
on his honor was resented on the instant. His word was his
bond. To his mind the tricks of trade were thievery. How-
ever poor he might be, his vote was not for sale. As to his
scrupulous integrity in official life. Hon. James G. Blaine, no
friend of the South, has testified that, however extravagant
in spending his own money, he guarded the public treasury
with absolute fidelity. But the tendency of enormous wealth
is to make virtue in woman and honor in man commoditie-
to be bought and sold in the market, and the tendency
hopeless poverty is itself tor mere carnal a
and to become brutalized. In the South before the war leg
lators were not bought, and lion. »t povertj voted its situ
I ietions.
Effect on the Church and Religion.
Once more the glorification of our immense earthly posses-
sions tends to dissolve the holy sanctions of religion and to
cause the serv ice and worship of the Church to become merely
formal, without the power of deep and vital piety. The
Church of our Lord Jesus Christ is in the midst of a moral
and spiritual crisis. She is more and more counting on num-
bers and material resources and is in danger of pandering
to those who have the money to support her There 1- much
talk of "running the Church on business principles." which
too often means conformity to the standards of this world
and concession to this world's ideals.
We bewail the fart that the Church is losing her hold on the
laboring masses and fails to reach the poor. Vet it is true
that a large proportion of the wealthy classes have ceased to
attend her set It is true that immense sums of money
are given for religion and philanthropy, but a small part oi
this, comparatively, is given distinctly to further the preach-
ing and extension of tl and it is understood by the
givers that the Ch tivities must not il with
business or pleasure. The holy Sabbath has become a day of
worldly recreation and amusement, and the Sunda) railroad
excursion and the Sunday theater take the place of the service
of the house of God; and those who own the railroad and the
tliiater are Church members! The magnificent sanctuaries,
displaying the extravagance and the ostentation of vast
wealth, are too often clubhouses, where the pulpit discus
the political, social, economic, scientific subjects of the day ;
and the minister is tOO often silent as to tin crying sins of the
rich who support him. while he denounces the sins of th<
who are provoked to sin by the oppressions of his supporters.
These are the evils of the period since the war. Before the
war in the South education and religion were in closi allianci
now the idea is to banish the Bible and ignore religion in the
State schools. The teacher who is 10 exercise so powerful
an influence on the rising generation may be an atheist: and
if we object to him on that score, we are branded as illiberal
fanatics, old fogies.
The very rich seem to feel that they do not need the gospel
and are not subject to its restraints: and if their methods of
saining and using riches should expose them to God's wrath,
they seem to think that they can bribe the Almighty to let.
them off by some large benefaction out of their ill-gotten
sains.
On the other hand, the poor seem to feel that the Church
has no message of help for them in their struggle, and they
unwilling to endure wrong and injustice here in the hope
of a far-off heaven in the distant future. Too often they
think that the wrongs they suffer justify them in violating the
law of God and rejecting the gospel of his Son.
There is great outward activity of the Church. But is she
as effective in character-building as she once was? It is an
age of organization ; and when men are incorporated in a body
they are apt to lose their sense of personal responsibility,
which is the foundation of real hierh character.
164
Qoijfederat^ l/eterag.
These four evil tendencies of the congestion of our great
wealth are economic, political, social, and religious. They
may well cause hesitation in believing that this immense ma-
terial development is recompense sufficient to repay the fear-
ful cost of preserving a Union that had become unsatisfactory
and repugnant to the great majority of the people of the States
composing it. I confess that to my mind no amount of ma-
terial prosperity can justify the method of forcing freedom
on a race utterly unfit for it, of depriving the States of that
sovereignty which was guaranteed to them as a condition of
entrance into the Union, of changing the nature of the gov-
ernment from a federated republic to a centralized nation, a
prize for contending factions. I cannot think that the evils
which have come with our defeat are light and only tem-
porary or that they have reached their full measure. Neither
do I by any means say that the evils are incurable. The
main body of our people, rich and poor, North and South, are
honest in their purposes and are honestly seeking to make the
United States under the new order a great, free, prosperous
nation, a blessing to the world, the abode not only of large
material prosperity, but of justice, mercy, and peace. I am
pointing out dangers which threaten to defeat this noble en-
deavor— dangers which I believe are the legitimate outcome
of a war which violated the fundamental principles on which
our government was founded, a victory which was the con-
quest of brute force over right and justice and over which I
am not called to rejoice and be glad.
At the same time, having yielded to the superior force and
honestly accepted the new order of things, I believe it is our
solemn duty as patriots and Christians to strive in good faith
in every legitimate way to correct the evils and avert the
dangers that threaten us. We should seek to make the new
nation a blessing to all of its citizens and to all the world.
While I believe that the success of the Confederacy would
in the end have secured all the benefits for which the Union
forces fought and that without the evils which now beset us.
yet the providence of God had some wise and holy and merci-
ful purpose in permitting the wrath of man to work so ter-
ribly ; for he can make the very wrath of man to praise him.
and the residue of wrath he can restrain.
Results of Confederate Independence.
It is legitimate to inquire, in view of all the facts discussed,
what would have been the effect on our condition, our in-
stitutions, and our future relations if the Confederate States
had established their independence. I can, of course, only
give my opinion, founded on certain physical features of the
country, on certain racial characteristics of the people North
and South, and on the sentiments of other nations, as well as
on the fundamental principles for which we contended.
. 1. Emancipation. — There would have been certainly the
gradual emancipation of the slaves on the following grounds :
(1) The sentiment of the civilized world was opposed to
slavery; and though our system was misunderstood and mis-
judged, yet no nation can hold out against a universal moral
sentiment. (2) There was a feeling throughout the South
from the beginning of the republic favorable to emancipation
as soon as it could be done without danger to all concerned.
If the abolition propaganda had not aroused opposition by its
unjust misrepresentations and denunciations of slaveholders,
the border States would have brought it about several years
before the war. As it was, throughout the South there was
a growing effort to correct the confessed evils of the system.
The example of the border States would have necessitated
some form of emancipation, some modification of the system
in the States farther south that would still have preserved
the white man's control, while giving the negro freedom
(.3) The conduct of the slaves during the war while left in
charge of the master's family and interests was without a
parallel in history; and this not only deserved freedom, but
it called forth the sentiment of the Southern people favoring
it. Gen. R. E. Lee freed his slaves in 1863. Conscientious
masters so felt the burden of responsibility for the religious
condition of their slaves that a great multitude of them had
been brought into the Churches as fellow communicants with
their masters. At the end of the war there were half a mil-
lion of them members of the Church, and in the twenty-five
years just before the war more than a million of them had
been gathered into the Church. I believe that emancipation
would have come in such a way as to avoid the dangers of
race conflict, of social equality, and 'A giving the negro a
political franchise for which he was not fitted. The South
would have given him his liberty and every right necessary to
the development of his manhood, and it would have secured
to him the hearty interest and help of the white man. No
doubt political rights would have been granted gradually as
the negroes became prepared for their exercise. But the
supremacy of the white man in the government would have
been preserved and the distinction of the races maintained.
2. An Alliance. — There would have been a treaty of amity,
an alliance offensive and defensive, between the sections. This
kind of treaty would have been necessitated in spite of the
bitterness engendered by the war. They being of the same
racial stock, the interests in common as against any other
aation, the great Mississippi River running through both sec-
tions, the dependence of each on the other — the corn of the
West and Middle North needed in the South, the cotton of
the South needed at the North — this would have prevented
any need for a line of forts on the long-extended frontier,
just as now no such line of forts is needed between the United
States and Canada.
3. A Restored Union.— There would have been ultimately
a restoration of the Union on terms that would leave no
ground of misunderstanding as to the several spheres of Fed-
eral and State sovereignty. The rights of the States would
have been thoroughly and clearly guarded. The rights of the
central government would have been definitely marked and
limited. Thus the efficiency and perpetuity of the republic,
covering so wide and varied a territory and over a people of
so many and such diverse interests, would have been secured —
a federated republic of sovereign States. And so the ques-
tion which is even yet constantly recurring as to the limits
of the two sovereignties would have been put to rest. Instead
of State sovereignty being a disintegrating factor, it would
have been the strongest safeguard of liberty and of union, as
Mr. Calhoun insisted. For the tendency to usurpation by the
central government would have been at once checked by the
clear understanding that a State could withdraw from the
Union. But this would have been the last resort, only after
everything else had failed and liberty itself was imperiled.
This would have been the old Union as originally intended by
the fathers. The Constitution could not have been set aside by
the interpretation of a majority of a Supreme Court appointed
by a partisan executive.
4. The Taxing Pozver Guarded.— The Constitution of the
new Union would have so guarded the taxing powers of the
central government that it would not have been possible for it
by its tariffs to build up one section of the country at the ex-
Qoi)federat^ l/eterap.
165
pense 01 the others, nor to build up great trusts to levy tribute
on the whole country for the benefit of the few. There could
not have been the concentration of enormous wealth in a few
hands, nor corporations strong enough to defy the government
and trample on the law. The Confederate Constitution was
simply the revision of the old, or rather the clear statement
of the real meaning of the old.
I believe that if the Confederacy had succeeded some of
the most difficult and dangerous problems now confronting
us would have been settled right. The race problem ; the
problems of capital and labor; the distribution of w-ealth ;
the social relations, involving marriage, woman's rights, etc. ;
the question of public education, with its moral relations — in
a word, the question of government of the people, by the
people, and for the people would have been settled for all
time.
THE EVACUATION OF RICHMOND.
BY MRS. A. M. HOUSTON. MERIDIAN, MISS.. SF.CKI
DAVIS HIGHWAY COMMITTEE. MISSISSIPPI DIVISION. U. D. C.
Regarding the recently published confidential letters of
eral Lee to President Davis during the Virginia campaigns, it
has been cogently observed that a notable feature of the let-
ters is the evident confidence of the General in the President.
Rev. J. H. McNeilly in the December Veteran writes: "These
letters indirectly show the high character, exalted ideals, and
devoted patriotism of the President, to whom they were ad-
dressed."
It has long been the desire of the writer to call attention to
some of the circumstances attending the evacuation of Rich-
mond. On page 668, Volume II., of "The Rise and Fall of
the Confederate Government," we read the following: "In a
previous chapter I promised to expose the fiction which im-
puted to me the removal of supplies intended for Lee's army
.it Amelia Courthouse. Though manufactured without one
fiber of truth, it has been copied into so many books, formed
the staple of so many jeremiads, and pointed so many malig-
nant reflections that I deem it proper for myself and others
concerned now to present facts that will overthrow this base-
less fabric."
Mr. Davis quotes from Gen. 1. M. St. John, commissary
general of the Confederate army, who says that in February.
[865, "n account of the military status, he found that the
Army of Northern Virginia was with difficulty supplied day
by day with reduced rations, and he at once proceeded to or-
ganize a system of appeal and of private contribution as
auxiliary to the regular operations of the commissary service.
With the earnest and very active aid of leading citizens of
Virginia and Xorth Carolina, this effort was attended with
results exceeding expectations.
On or before March 15, 1865, the commissary general was
able to report to the Secretary of War that, in addition to
the daily issue of rations to the Army of Northern Virginia,
there lay in depot, along the railroad between Greensboro.
N. C, Lynchburg, Staunton, and Richmond, at least ten days'
rations of bread and meat, collected especially for that army and
subject to the requisition of its chief commissary officer; also
that considerably over three hundred thousand rations were
held in Richmond as a special reserve. There was collected
by April 1 in depot subsistence stated in detail as follows :
"At Richmond, Va., 300.000 rations, bread and meat; at Dan-
ville. 500.000 rations, bread; at Danville. 1.500,000 rations,
meat; at Lynchburg, 180,000 rations, bread and meat; at
Greensboro. X. C, 1,500,000 rations, bread and meat. In ad-
dition, there were considerable supplies of tea, coffee, and
sugar carefully reserved for hospital uses chiefly. These re-
turns did not include the subsistence collections by the field
trains of the Army of Northern Virginia under orders from
its own headquarters, nor the depot collections at Chat 1
ville, Staunton, and other points on the Virginia Central Rail-
road to meet requisitions from the Confederates operating in
the Valley and Western Virginia."
General St. John further states that to an inquiry b\
eral Lee he replied : "That a daily delivery by cars and canal
boats at or near Richmond of about five hundred tons of com-
missary stores was essential to provide for the Richmond
siege reserve and other accumulations desired by the general
commanding; thai the depot collections were already sni
to assure the meeting of these requisitions; and if the then
existing military lines could be held, the commissary general
felt encouraged as to the future of his own immediate de-
partment."
Mr. Davis here writes: "The procuring of supplies was only
one of the difficulties by which we were beset. The deterio-
rated condition of the railroads and the deficiency of rolling
stock embarrassed transportation, and there was yet another
the cavalry raids of the enemy frequently broke the rail)
and destroyed trains."
General Lawton with great ene^ igment im-
proved the railroad transportation.
I quote again from the report of General St. John :
the earliest information of the approaching evacuation in-
structions were asked from the War Department and the gen
eral commanding for the final disposition of the subsistence
■ ' in Richmond, then reported by Major Claiborne, past
commissary, to exceed in quantity 350.000 rations. The reply.
'Send up Danville Railroad if Richmond is not safe.' «
eeived from army headquarters too late for action, as a'1
transportation had been taken up b
the archives, bullion, and ernment servici All thai
lied to he d ■ essible army »
this was done and the tn i ■nthward."
General St. John says further that h 31 or April I
telegrams were received in Richmond requesting breadstuffs
sent to Petersburg, which was done, and shipments "..
to the extreme limit." etc. Xo calls by letter or requisition
lie general commanding or from any other
ticial or unofficial, had been received either by the commissary
general or the as general, nor was an-
munication transmitted through the department channels to
the bureau of subsistence for the collection of SUpplii
Amelia Courthouse. Had any requisition or communication
been received at the bureau as late as April 1. it could have
been met from the Richmond reserve with transportation on
-"nth-bound trains.
Hen. John C Breckinridge ii 871, wrote as follows
to General St. John : "A few days before the evacuation of
Richmond you reported to me that you had ten days' rations
accessible by rail to General Lee and subject to the orders
of his chief commissary. I have no recollection of any com-
munication from General Lee in regard to the accumulation
of rations at Amelia Courthouse. The second or third day
after the evacuation I recollect you said to General Lee in
my presence that you had a large number of rations at a con-
venient point on the railroad and desired to know where y"ii
should place them. The General replied that the military
situation made it impossible t" answer."
1 66
^opfederat^ l/eteraij.
Col. Thomas G. Williams, assistant commissary general.
v rote General St. John: "In reply to your question with re-
gard to the establishment of a depot of supplies at Amelia
Courthouse. 1 have to say that I had no information of any
such demand on the bureau."
Maj. J. H. Claiborne, assistant commissary general, wrote
also : "Xo order was received by me, and, with full oppor-
tunities for information, 1 had no knowledge of any plan to
send supplies to Amelia Courthouse."
Air. Lewis E. Harvie, President of the Richmond and Dan-
ville and Piedmont Railroads, writes that special appeals were
made to the people and contributions received until there were
ample supplies for the army. "If its numbers had been double
what they were," he further says. "I have never believed that
any orders to place supplies of food at Amelia Courthouse
were received by the commissary department," declaring that
they could and would have been sent if the need had been
known.
The quotations have been abridged as far as practicable.
Mr. Davis writes on his own account: "It may perhaps be
thought that the amount of evidence adduced is greater than
necessary to disprove the very improbable assertion that in-
stead of burden cars a passenger train had been loaded with
provisions for Lee's army at Amelia Courthouse and that
these passenger cars, without being permitted to unload the
freight, had, in reckless disregard of the wants of our worn
and hard-pressed defenders, been ordered to proceed immedi-
ately to Richmond, thus leaving them to starvation and the
necessity to surrender in order to enable the executive de-
partment to escape ; but, as I had no personal knowledge of
the matter, it was necessary to quote those whose functions
brought them into closer communication with the subject to
which the calumny related. * * * In the night of the 22d,
the same on which General Ewell evacuated the defenses of
the capital and General Lee withdrew from Petersburg, I left
Richmond and reached Danville on the next morning. Neither
the president of the railroad, who was traveling with me,
nor I knew that there was anything which required attention
-it Amelia Courthouse or other stations on the route. Had
General Lee's letter to me, written on the afternoon of the
2d, been received at Richmond — and I think it was not — the
fact that he proposed to march to Amelia Courthouse would
have been known; but it would have been unjust to the of-
ficers of the commissary department to doubt that any requisi-
tion made or to be made for supplies had received or would
receive the most prompt and efficient attention. If, however,
I had known that General Lee wanted supplies placed at
Amelia Courthouse, I would certainly have inquired as to the
time of reaching that station and would have asked to have
the train stopped so as to enable me to learn whether the sup-
plies were in depot or not."
One reason for the high position occupied by the Confed-
eracy in the world's estimation is found in the orderly and
law-abiding manner of its organization and the fact that all
its affairs were, so far as possible, conducted according to
sane and proper regulations. Thus the struggle for inde-
pendence was saved from going down in history as a disreputa-
ble insurrection rather than, as it will be. glorified for all time
une.
Swing, Rebel blade, through the halls of fame.
Where courage and justice left your name;
By the torches of glory your deeds shall flame
With the reckoning of time.
— Virginia Frazer Boyle.
CHESTER HOSPITAL, OX THE DELAWARE.
BY C. C. CUMMINGS, KOKT WORTH. TKX.
There were two thousand Confederate prisoners from the
battle field of Gettysburg gathered in this old town on the
Delaware River. It was not a prison, though we were prison-
ers, but a hospital. It was about the middle of August. 1863.
after the battle in July, that we were landed from the scows
which brought US up the river through the canal from Balti-
more, where we were concentrated for a time after being re-
moved from the battle licld. We passed Fort Delaware in
the middle of this river a short while before landing at the
wharf at Chester, the oldest town in the State of Pennsyl-
vania, and you may be sure that we were rejoiced to escape
a place with such a horrid reputation as this black spot in
the river. I was among the first to debark from the scows
and climbed up by the driver of an ambulance, when I began
to question my blue-coated Jehu as to our destination and
the kind of reception we were to meet with in our new quar-
ters. I learned that a mile or so out of town was the high
school building, in which the officers were quartered, and that
the private soldiers were in wards of sixty men each, three
wards in a row, making a division. These wards were con-
structed of box pine Set upright, but were well fitted up with
waterworks, which pumped from the river, and with every
convenience of a regular hospital. "But." he said, looking at
my uniform, "I see you are an officer and will go to the high
school building, where you will receive more attention than
the soldiery in the wards."
I held the rank of sergeant major, the highest noncommis-
sioned officer; and as the adjutant had been killed on the
field, Col. W. D. Holder, who started with me off the field,
had promised me the promotion to his place, so I could very
well have answered to the roll call of commissioned officers.
My companion in blue was young and impulsive, like my-
self, and, being inclined to assist me, urged me to go into the
high school building, where the ladies would visit me every
day with many attentions that I would not get in the wards.
I was strongly tempted when I arrived at the parting of the
ways — to go above in the large building or below in the hum-
ble wards — to seek promotion at the expense of a stretch
of the facts ; but my mentor, or, as Socrates would call it, my
genius, said: "No; go into the wards." So I took the other
way down into the wards.
In a month we were on our way back to Dixie's Land as of
the rank and file among the exchanged ; but those officers
were sent to Johnson's Island, and many of them spent a
dreadful winter there. Some of them never survived it, but
•are at rest there in unknown graves.
As I walked down the aisle of the first ward the thirty men
who lay on each side in patent iron bedsteads, covered with
sheets of snowy whiteness and pillows to match and each piece
of linen branded "Chester Hospital," it seemed like a fairy
scene compared to the rough barn where I lay at Cashtown.
eight miles from the Gettysburg battle field, awaiting my turn
to be cared for. So I stopped and exclaimed : "Boys, are you
all Rebels in here?" The answer came back: "Yes, we are all
Rebels." As I passed into the next ward a similar sight
greeted me, and a similar question was answered with a
similar reply ; and it was so in the third and last ward of the
division, where I had been assigned and where I found a
single iron bedstead between a Georgian, Roby Wood, of
Macon (now an M.D. in New York), and a dark-eyed, black-
haired Floridian, from the classic St. John's River, named
Livingston. When I took up quarters with these worthies,
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
167
I found them as full as ever of grit and pluck. We formed
<t 11 alliance, offensive and defensive, to the effect that we
would take no "sass from any Yankee, hig or little, old or
young."
On looking around for arms and weapons of war in cast
we should bring on a general engagement with the enemy,
we found our equipments mustered about as follows: Wood,
wounded in both thighs, had a pair of crutches; Livingston,
wounded in the hip, had a big black hickory stick as his sup-
port; I. with my right hand left on the battle field, had only
a black bottle filled with milk punch and a left hand not very
much experienced in wielding so queer an implement of war.
But soon the occasion developed itself for a skirmish. The
lighting man will tell you he is never to blame ; that the other
fellow insulted him. and he was bound to light. So I thought
when, on going to supper at the foot of the division and carry-
ing in my good arm my suffering remnant of a limb, I passed
a son of the Emerald Isle in blue who had a huge basket
tilled with black bottles of milk punch to distribute among
US, hiking up in turn the empty bottles used. As I passed him
he could not resist the Irish impulse to exclaim in Irish irony
and humor: "Och. Johnnie, ye have a baby, 1 see." This
angered me. and before I reflected a moment on the conse-
quences my carpet-slippered foot found lodgment against
the rear of this son of "Erin Go Bragh." 1 then turned and
fled to my fortifications. Wood raised his crutches .it the
irate Irishman, who followed after, and Livingston brandished
his Mick in midair and I my black bottle with my left hand.
and a general insurrection was on the hands of "Old Ned "
the clubfooted Irish ward master, who hobbled down the
aisle, shouting: "Maje" — as he called me F01 shorl "what in
the Hades are ye doing? Don't \e know ye ain't among yer
niggers here?" The old man in our short acquaintance had
impressed me favorablj .is being kind-hearted, and at □
told him that I had ailed without thought. He called the sur-
geon and gave it out thai I was to be sent to the dungeon, but
I was not all the same. I was removed outside the buildings
to a lent on the river's side with a Texan who had lost his leg.
and we had a royal time out tin r< . fn oil come at will
Bui 'or a long time it was given out 111 the wards that I had
been sent to the dungeon to keep down like insurrections
I here was a bit of romance going on at this place worthy
of brief mention. Before the war Fannie Kemble. celebrated
as mi actress, had married a Georgian, Pierce Butler, he of
the famous family of that time in South Carolina. \
ter was born to them and was named Fannie Butler. The
father and daughter took sides with the South, while the
mother look the Northern side, and a divorce was the resull
The father and daughter were constant in their visits to us
here, bringing words and deeds of cheer; while the mother
was writing books on the Union and for her side of the case.
1 he daughter was a fair-haired Saxon in her appearance and
charmed the hearts of those voting surgeons so successfully
with her natural graces and added wealth as an heiress that
she had carte blanche to bring anything that stopped short
of treason to the suffering soldiers of the South. Hence
you may be prepared to learn that we fared sumptuously
every day, and when the time came to say good-by we felt
that we owed much to the Butlers for our good cheer in the
classic old town near the Brandywine, where Lafayette was
quartered when wounded. After the war a titled English-
man, visiting the rice fields of Southern Georgia or maybe
South Carolina, met this fair rice bird, and they flitted across
the waters so blue, where it is hoped they yet live in peace
and happiness.
POl SHOT.
FV C. V. FORD. ODESS \ MO
In the spring of [86 I Grant, commanding the Fed-
eral forces operating against the Confederate stronghold,
Vicksburg, conceived the plan of striking the fortified city in
the rear by way of the Yazoo River. The Tallahatchie and
Coldwater Rivers form the Yazoo in their conflux at Green-
wood, Miss. Grant cut the levee on the Mississippi River,
letting the water of the great river across this broad and ler-
illey into the Tallah 1 etting his nun
fleet of gunboats and transports into the latter stream.
Colonel McCulloch, commanding the 2d Missouri Cavalry,
took eight soldiers, including himself. Lieutenant Colonel
Major, and my captain. George B. Harper, all of the same
regiment, to scout over to the Tallahatchie River and learn of
the movements of the enemy's fleet. In a few hours we had
secured as main pirogues and skiffs to transport us over this
vast sea of water as were necessary.
We awaited the coming of dawn by dancing nearly all night
with a be\ - fair 9ex assembled at a typical South-
ern home. Two hours before it was light orders were issued
by the colonel to prepare for our expedition. Little caring
for the danger w< knew was ahead of us. we debarked near
the hospitable and beautiful home of Mrs Sherman, the ladies
ipanying us down to the water's edge, bidding us fare-
rig us all the success we were anticipating.
Thinking little of the hazardous dangers our expedition was
fraught with, we soon launched our craft to make our wax to
the bank of the Tallahatchie River, miles away.
We knew the enemy's small craft were constant!} patrolling
the wide area adjacent to the rivers over which they were
transporting their troops. These streams parallel each other
for a long distance, and the countr; irely flooded ex-
- pi it a few oasis now and then of unsubmerged plats of
land. As we passed these islands we saw many deer, wild
turkeys, and other natural denizens of this region drivi
ge on these high pon
On reaching the hank of the river wh< a log cabin,
the only building left of an old Southern home, occupied by
■ f slaves, the old darky warned us of the fre-
quent visits of the Yankees from their fleet in small boats.
The old woman cooked us some bacon and corn bread from
their meager supply, for which we compensated them liberally
with some silver coin. While we were hastily discussing
plain but well-relished viands, the old man, stationed outside on
picket, hurriedly reported the smoke of a steamer above the
bend,
Colonel McCulloch bad secured from a planter a large shot-
gun and loaded it heavily with buckshot, a very formidable
cartridge at point-blank range. Standing on the bank of the
river was a large weeping willow, and, getting perm
from the colonel, I hastily climbed into this densely foliaged
tree, onto a limb projecting well out over the water, from
which I watched the coming of the boat, not knowing wdiether
- a gunboat or steamboat. In a few- minutes it hove in
sight and proved to be the Dakota, a large Missouri River
stern-wdieel boat, heavily loaded with infantry. The soldiers
seemed to be engaged in the then popular game of draw-
poker. Being somewhat familiar with the sport and of a social
turn, I concluded to take a hand in lln game 1 drew only
two cards, and these from the holsters in my belt, and opened
fire with each pistol at about a thirty-foot range on that dense
mass of blue. They were as thick as could well be packed
on the hurricane deck of the boat. They rushed pell-mell
1 68
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
down the gangways leading to the cabin deck, many sliding
down the pillars on the starboard side. "It looked like meetin'
had broke." Before I had fired a few rounds Colonel Mc-
Culloch with his little force opened from a log crib which
stood at the water's edge a murderous fire of buckshot at
point-blank range. The confusion on the steamer was wild,
the officer shouting commands not to be listened to.
The enemy were ready for. and doubtless expecting, emer-
gencies. Their guards on the boiler deck stood with ready
guns and opened a heavy fire on us, which made our little
force seem insignificant. Seeing the smoke from my perch,
they riddled the foliage of the tree, the fire becoming so hot
that I let all holds loose and dropped to the ground, evacuat-
ing my position without orders. We knew the boat would
have to land with the bow upstream, giving us ample time to
make good our get-away in our boats moored near by.
On being sent back five days afterwards to the little battle
ground, I found the crib riddled with musket balls and the
dear old willow tree almost denuded of its foliage. The old
negro reported that the boat was landed below and that four-
teen dead were buried on some high ground.
LITTLE THINGS IN HISTORY.
compiled by john c. stiles, brunswick, ga
Wanted to Arbitrate.
The Governor of Maryland to Abraham Lincoln, April 22,
1861 : "I respectfully suggest that Lord Lyons be requested
to act as mediator between the contending parties of our
country."
Changed Their Disposition.
From a Northerner, April 27: "This war can be brought to
a close in ninety days if pushed with the vigor with which the
people now seem disposed to sustain it."
of the enemy. Four men against five thousand constituted
such great odds as to have justified the retreat of the picket
even without orders. Had Private Carter been awake, per-
haps a retreat would have not been necessary."
"Brer Rabbit He Lay Low."
Northern report, June 18: "The enemy had a body of one
hundred and fifty armed, picked negroes who were posted
near us in a grainfield, but not observed by us. They lay
flat in the grain and did not fire a gun."
Headings of Correspondence from the "Young Napoleon"
to Confederate Officer.
"July 13th and 15th. — John Pegram. Esq., styling himself
Lt. Colonel, P. A. C. S."
"To the officer commanding the forces commanded by the
late Robt. S. Garnett, Esq., styling himself Brigadier General.
C. S. A."
Bravely Got Over Their Horror Later.
Northern report, July 18: "Hardly had we arrived at this
place when, to the horror of every right-minded person, sev-
eral houses were broken open and others were in flames by
the act of some of those who, it had been the boast of the
loyal, came here to protect the oppressed and free the country
from the domination of a hated party."
Awfully Awful.
Northern report. July 19: "Our skirmishers in falling back
had several of their wounded bayoneted by order of one of
the enemy's officers."
Very Common at This Time.
Confederate report, July 23 : "A murderous shower of shot
and shell was poured upon us from a masked battery."
What Butler Found in Baltimorf..
May 15: "I inclose a specimen of an explosive bullet, and
the manufacturer, I am ashamed to say, is a man from Massa-
chusetts."
Spoiled Their Fun.
From a Confederate, June 1 : "The vindictiveness of the
enemy is shown by the quickness with which they throw their
shells at any body of men who may appear on the heights to
view the engagement. One of our companies was fired at
the moment they emerged from the woods to obtain a more
satisfactory view of the fight."
The Pleasantries of War.
Butler to Magruder, June 13: "You have done me the
honor to inform me that the vidette Carter is not a prisoner
of war taken in battle. That is quite true. He was asleep on
post, and he informs me that his three companies left in such
haste that they neglected to wake him up; and they being
mounted and my men on foot, the race was a difficult one."
Magruder to Butler, June 15: "In respect to the vidette
Carter. I desire to inform you that when a picket is placed for
twenty-four hours, as in this case, at least one is allowed to
sleep. This picket had orders to retreat before a large force
Wanted to Share the Glory
Confederate report, July 24 : "We took as prisoner Mr. Ely,
a member of Congress from New York. The gentleman was
armed with a revolver and had come upon the field to enjoy
the pleasure of witnessing our defeat."
Confidence Jarred Loose by Bull Run.
Northern report, July 26: "It will take some time to bring
this regiment up to that state of confidence in the managers
of this war that it had prior to Sunday's affair "
SOUTH CAROLINA.
My motherland ! Thou wert the first to fling
Thy virgin flag of freedom to the breeze,
The first to front along the neighboring seas
The imperious foeman's power;
But long before that hour.
While yet in false and vain imagining,
Thy sister nations would not own their foe
And turned to jest thy warnings.
— Paul Hamilton Hayne.
Qopfederat^ Ueteraij.
1 • K .)
THE LAUREL HILL RETREAT IN 1861.
BY LIEUT. P. S. HAGV, *ABINGDON, VA.
We shall follow in this article more especially the career
of the Glade Spring Rifle Company during its first five month*
of service in the Confederate army after the company's or-
ganization ; and as it was a unit of the regiment to which it
was attached, the history of the two bodies became blended.
The Glade Spring Rifle Company was brought into ex-
istence at a great rally of the people of Washington County,
Va., at Abingdon on April 16, 1861, and the cause of the great
gathering was the firing 011 Fort Sumter, at Charleston, S. C.
The company consisted of ninety men, rank and file, who
associated themselves together that day as twelve-month vol-
unteers to serve in the embryo Confederate army. They se-
lected Glade Spring as their camp and drill ground and the
following Monday (o meet there and form themselves into a
military company, properly officered, and undergo a season
of company drill. The day appointed for the assembling at
Glade Spring found all who had enlisted present and ready
to carry out the purpose for which they had come together.
Each carpet sack contained a perfect medley of things for
physical comfort : a "biled" shirt or two, towels, looking-
glass, toothbrush, shaving utensils, and billets-doux from his
best girl carefully incased and laid away in a secret place in
his sack Many of them brought trunks with stock enough
to set up housekeeping, and. like old Mrs. Stations, some. I
have no doubt, left their homes provided with feather beds,
but became more considerate and arrived with onlj
two quilts and plenty of blankets.
On our arrival we found that the citizens of the town and
surrounding country had joined together and prepared us com-
fortable barracks on the ground that is now the bufine-
ter of that thriving little city.
The company organized by first electing Robert P. Carson
captain, lie being the only one of us who had a military edu-
cation, and he was also to be our drillmaster. George
Graham was chosen as our first lieutenant, James L. Cole sec-
ond lieutenant, and Benjamin Snodgrass third lieutenant.
P. S. Hagy was chosen first sergeant, William Allison second.
Andrew Kellcy third, and William K. Miller fourth sergeant;
Michael Duff. John B Allison. Benjamin Reed, and Samuel
P. Edmonson, corporals. Under this organization we began
to think that the safety of our infant Confederacy was well-
nigh assured, for was not the very elite of V\
County's citizenship ready to uphold it?
Besides satisfactory progress in learning the art of war.
we progressed equally well in verse and song; and, indeed, we
soon became adepts in the eccentricities of the soldier mind
that went far to keep him in heart and brush away the torpi-
tude that gathered around him when left to a listless, weari-
some life. Soon "Maryland, My Maryland," "Dixie." "O
Deni Golden Slippers'" "My Old Kentucky Home." "The
Old Folks at Home." "The Girl I Left Behind Me." and many
of those old songs sung fifty years ago were familiar to us
all and sung with that ecstasy that can be reached only by
the soldier away from his home and childhood friends.
We soon became proficient in company drill and attracted
such attention among the ladies that one more beautiful than
the rest bethought herself to supply the company with a flag
which she (Miss Doranl made and presented. She may feel
honor and pride yet. if living, to know that the flag she pre-
sented was carried by the company through all its battles
and not surrendered at Appomattox.
By the time we were drilled and flagged we felt ready for
the call to Richmond, then the capital of the Confederacy
Like Delgardo, we had the art of war in our belts, and the
country would be safe with the Glade Spring Rifle Company
in the vortex that separated Old Abe and Jeff Davis, Our
name and fame had gone abroad, and we had been heard of
as far away as Abingdon. A good old lady of that town,
Mrs. Sallie Floyd, wife of Gen. John B. Floyd, had prepared
us another flag and presented it to us in person. It was ac-
cepted by our captain with all the promises for its protection
and defense that the language afforded. But yet there was no
call from Richmond. In fact, it began to be whispered along
the line that the war would be over before we could have
an opportunity to pre Confederacy that we were the
worthy descendants of our King's Mountain ancestors. At
last we got the call, but it came the wrong way. On the
25th of May Capt. V Jones came up from Abing
don. mustered the company into the service of the Confed-
and ordered that the CO tie at Abingdon
the next week and go into camp. Every man of us «a-
thinking that our place was at Richmond. W'e were drilled
and ready for the fray, and what was the use of retrograding
instead of advancing? To go the wrong way was gall and
bitterness.
When we arrived it n, we found already assembled
there the Washington Mounted Rifles. Capt. William E. Jones;
the Bristol compam Rifles. Capt. John F. Terry;
Washington Indi Capt. James L. White; and
. Virginia Mounts William White. The first
mentioned was a mounted \gain we set into drill-
ing. We drilled and waited and with avidity digested the
from the seat of war We had quite a nucleus on which
ild a regiment, and all were anxious to be brought into
\t last we were ordered to Richmond under
the lead of Judge Samuel V. Fulkerson. This turn of for-
tune produced within us an ebullition of spirits, and -
gan at once to make pr> 1 for the start; delay might
prove fatal to our aspirations to be present when the quarry
a- taken. The C eminent had been
lished at Richmond some little time, just long enough for
the people of the South to be in t mind
throughout the land in expectancj of what I hap-
pen : but as for us warriors, the fence around the field of
glorj had all been removed, leaving the way wide open I
to load ourselves with the plaudits of our countrymen.
The day and hour came for our di A large num-
ber of box cars were waiting at the di ur entrain-
ment. It had been well "norated" through the country as to
the time of our leaving, bringing a mixed multit
denizens of that section to si it of war. also
some fathers, mothei brothers, and other relatives;
and we went aboard through the fluttering and waving of
handkerchiefs and. it may be. a few tablecloths in addition to
7est to our departi
Thus we passed out under the leadership of Judge Fulker-
son into that unknown bourne from which many of those dear
boys never returned and whose remains now
honor in distant lands. Judge Fulkerson was one of the most
lovable of men. He was strictly just and democratic in de-
meanor and a careful guardian of his men. looking well after
their interest and comfort. He could not strictly be called a
military man, for he was not so trained ; but he had valua-
ble experience acquired in the Mexican War. That was great-
I/O
(^opfederat^ l/eterai).
ly to In- advantage when called to the position of colonel.
Withal he was as brave a man as the bravest.
Our journey to the seat of government was in hilarity
ami cheer from start to finish. At that early period of the
war the movement of troops electrified the people along the
traveled highways. They gathered in the towns and cities
and on the roadside to bid us good cheer, and where oppor-
tunity permitted food and delicacies were offered us in great
abundance. Many of the boys appeared to consider our
going to Richmond as a holiday excursion and kept up a
jollification all the way except in their hours of sleep. My
little war experience a year or two before on the border of
Texas was just enough to bring my thoughts into a channel
of partial meditation.
We were favored in our journey, and in due time we ar-
rived at Richmond and were directed to the Fair Grounds,
where we were domiciled in barracks prepared for the re-
ception of arriving troops. The good people of Richmond
could now feel at ease; and if the tocsin of war should
sound, their hopes of safety lay in the invincibility of the
Glade Spring Rifle Company. We found quite a number of
troops assembled there from all parts of the Confederacy —
regiments, battalions, and companies — busy drilling and pre-
paring themselves to prove efficient in the field. Mere we
were brought under some semblance of military discipline.
When we rambled into the city, we required a pass from the
provost, lights had to disappear at taps, reveille was respected,
and we were required to deport ourselves as soldiers.
I do not think I overestimate the Confederate soldier or do
injustice to any others whose history I am acquainted with
when the former is placed above all others as true, self-
relian, versatile, full of fun and fun-making, and wihtal an
intensely patriotic being, alone or collectively, in camp or else-
where. He was the cavalier of them all. In camp he was
ever merry, expressing or exciting mirth. In the presence of
ladies he was gallant and considerate, assuming his duty
thereto as natural and becoming. The atmosphere and coun-
try in which he was born and reared had not yet become
crowded in population, though it had enough for a healthful
companionship. And thus he grew up under influences that
developed his intellect and made him the superior individual
that he was.
Judge Fulkerson had been appointed a colonel with instruc-
tions to form a regiment, using the companies he brought with
him as a nucleus for its formation. The field officers were
completed by the appointment of R. P. Carson, of the Glade
Spring Rifles, as lieutenant colonel; Joseph T. Campbell, of
the Independents, adjutant; and James L. Cole, of our com-
pany, regimental quartermaster. The regiment was designat-
ed as the 37th Virginia Infantry. To this organization were
soon added four companies from the counties of Lee, Scott,
and Russell ; and one company from Washington County,
under the captaincy of Robert Grant, completed the ten
companies of the regiment. The last two companies named
joined after the retreat, and Russell County later furnished
another company for this regiment. This disorganized to
some extent the Glade Spring Rifle Company, as it took from
us to the regiment our captain, whose place was filled by the
advancement of our first lieutenant, George Graham; and the
place of James L. Cole, second lieutenant, was taken by the
writer of this article.
General Robert Garnett, who was stationed at Laurel Hill
with a small command to cope with a force of Federals under
the command of Gen. George B. McClellan, then gathering at
Philippi, in Barbour County. Northwest Virginia, for the
purpose of making a descent on Laurel Hill and Rich Moun-
tain, was calling lustily on the authorities at Richmond far
soldiers, real soldiers, to be sent to his assistance. The
authorities rightfully concluded that we were the boys for
the occasion. The regiment was largely composed of the
Glade Spring Rifle Company, and that was an assurance that
General Garnett's call for real soldiers would be strictly
complied with by sending us. So we left Richmond for the
front, going by rail to Staunton, that being the end of the
railroad at that time. From there began our foot experience,
in which we became so proficient. The course to. our desti-
nation was northwest through a mountainous country and
up what was known as the Northwestern Turnpike, extending
through McDowell and Monterey, in Highland County, over
the Allegheny Mountains to Beverly, in Randolph County,
on to Laurel Hill, a distance we had to march of about one
hundred miles. The view at times along the route was
charming. The troops had been armed at Richmond with
Fnfield rifles with bayonets; and as the column passed along
the road through the valley, at other times winding up and
then moving along the side of the mountain, the sun gleam-
ing down on their arms and lighting their serpentine course
with a glittering brilliancy made a lasting impression on the
mind. That and the natural scenery of those grand elevations
impressed us with a sense of the beautiful and created within
us feelings of awe at nature's grandeur.
General Garnett was relieved by our coming, and we were
pleased at the prospect of a rest from our long march. We
found there a line of breastworks already prepared that we
thought entirely useless, for was not the Glade Spring Rifle
Company on the ground ? We were located in camp along
and behind the breastworks, and soon we were snugly settled,
we supposed, for the summer. We (my mess) supplied our-
selves while at Richmond with a colored gentleman from
Farmville to do our cooking, washing, and foraging. He was
to act the Samaritan in case any or all of us became sick or
wounded. He was of African descent and in color resembled
a coal bin — Samuel by name. We were well pleased with him
on the trip, for he kept us supplied with chickens, butter,
and milk ; but we frequently suspected that the money we
gave him to buy chickens failed of its purpose. It was only
a short time after our advent to Laurel Hill that, through
Sam's manipulations, we appeared spick and span, clothes
washed, boots shined, uniforms and hats brushed up, and so
little of our wearisome march left visible that we might have
easily been mistaken for country gentlemen. The boys all
through the command regained their equanimity. There was
life in the camp, and soon the surrounding neighborhood be-
gan to realize their presence. Spring houses unsecured failed
to retain their milk and butter, and poultry began mysteriously
to disappear, even the ducks and geese. On one occasion a
member of the Glade Spring Rifle Company, a descendant of
a King's Mountain ancestor and the owner of two one-gallon
jugs, decided to go foraging. He was successful in his get-
away, but on his return encountered the officer of the day,
who accosted him with inquiry as to the contents of his jugs.
There being a strick embargo on the introduction of "O-be-
joyful" into the camp, the officer thought he had a case to
report. But our member with honored ancestors was no
fledgling. He handed the officer one of the jugs to examine,
which he found to contain buttermilk. The other jug was
then presented to him, but had previously been well smeared
around the bung with milk ; and, on seeing its condition, he
let our strategist pass on. As a result we had spirits in
camp for some time. What a Confederate soldier, from his
Qo^federat:^ l/eterai).
71
very initiation into the life of a soldier, could not think of
and would not do, save a dishonorable act, was not worth
the doing.
But those merry days were interrupted by rumors of war.
Our friend McCIellan was some twenty-five miles away, with
a goodly number at his bidding. Several meetings had already
taken place on the intermediate ground and salutations ex-
changed. Each party had tried to extend hospitality in taking
the other party home with them. Indeed, we had not got
straightened in our quarters and rested before it began to be
told through camp that the general and his friends up at Phi-
lippi were planning to make us a real visit and extend a press-
ing invitation to return with them.
The Glade Spring Rifle Company, which had been christened
Company F in the formation of the regiment, was located on
the side of the road where it pierced the breastworks. One
morning, about ten days after our arrival, a column of men
came marching up the road and halted when the head of the
column reached the breastworks to await the designation of
their camp ground. They were a fine body of men, well
drilled, and of fine appearance. Of course it was a point of
interest to us to know who they were ; and it was not long
before we found out that they were the 1st Georgia Regiment,
sent up by the authorities at Richmond to the help of the
Macedonians. They began to guy us for stopping in such a
place as the country there presented. Why did we not go
on and seek better ground? If they went to sleep there.
they would roll off their pallets down the hill and break
their necks They were not going to stop here, but farther
on, and invited us to pull up and go with them. We advised
them that they would do well to stop awhile with us and
consider the matter. We knew that they would run without
rolling off their pallet-- Wi also 'old them that we had some
dear friends up the road whom we thought of visiting soon
and that if they were aiming to do the same it would he best
for us all to go together What a different stale of mind
this fine regiment of men were in a week later! While we
were thus passing compliments a courier came down from the
gap of the mountain in our front under whip and spur, passed
through the opening of the breastworks at the road, and went
rapidly up to our general's headquarters. A courier was seen
to go from headquarters on a bee line to the colonel of the
tit yet formed in thi nil immediately 11 went off
in a double-quick toward the gap of the mountain whence
the courier had come. About this time a shell or two landed
in our camp from over the mountain as a kind of "Howdy-
do" to us; and we began to move, especially Sam. Before
we got things fixed around and hid, there came a peremptory
order to our colonel to follow after the 1 st Georgia, even
Overtake them if we could. We hurriedly gave Sam a few-
orders to cook and told him to follow us up with a good warm
dinner, we did not know exactly where, and we felt a!
that he did not want lo know. To our credit, we formed
quickly and commenced the search for our friends who had
gone before, whom we found holding in abeyance our friends
from Philippi, who had conceived thi idea of giving us a sur-
prise party There i-- little doubt of the surprise; but
the hesitation of our visitors gave us a favorable oppor-
tunity to form a line of battle and prepare otherwise to im-
press them that we were at home. Two or three shells were
thrown by Shumaker's Battery from our side at a house
Handing off to our left in which a few of the enemy had
taken lodgment and were sending their compliments in the
shape of Minie balls When we began to acknowledge com-
pliments, they skedaddled There was quiet now ^n both
sides. One was forming a line of battle, while we were cor-
recting any error in our line, lor some reason 1 was in
command of the company on that occasion and was ordered
by Colonel Fulkerson to take position behind a large log il
was lying parallel with, and thirty or thirty-five yards in front
of, the battle line formed along the top of the mountain.
This log was four feet or more in diameter and made a
splendid breastwjjrk, and the hill had a decline of something
near forty-five degrees. After the boys were stationed 1 took
position at the root, where the tree in falling had made an
excavation, so that any one in it would be fairly well screened
from the enemy's fire. I took off my canteen, hung it on
a root, drew the ramrod from the gun, and stood it up against
the root, so as to have it convenient when wai
In the meantime the enemy had employed their tin
forming for the fray and soon appeared through the turnpike,
advancing on our position. They came up 111 line order and
were drawing so near that I concluded it was time for the
entertainment to begin. Feeling some natural nci
such an occasion, I concluded to step around and jolly the
boys along the log. Finding that the log had lost its charms
and not a man was to be seen near it, 1 looked up the hill
and saw the company, each man seemingly striving to be the
first up and out of danger, lor a moment the high opinion
of the bravery of the men composing the Glade Spring Rifle
Company, descendants of the heroes of King's Mountain, had
taken a sickening thud. My first thought was of the Indianians
il P.ucna Vista. In my distress my - ted Colonel
Fulkerson. who beckoned me to fall back I started at once
to ascend the hill and had gi \ hen I be-
thought myself of my ramrod. I did not think it would look
well to go into battle with a gun and no ramrod ; so I went
back, put on my canteen and the ramrod in its place, then
turned to take a look at the advancing lines below, now con-
siderably closer and in full view through the beach timber
below. Everything had become quiet in expectancy.
luding that the chance was too inviting to let it pass, I deter-
mined to send them my salutation. Colonel fulkerson de-
tected my intention and watched the effect of the shot As
soon as the report of the gun took place 1 wheeled and
started to climb the hill, but had gone only a short distance
before I was given more zest in the climb by the balls that in
number seemed to be one for every leaf on the hill. Our boys
had adopted the idea of safety and were lying llat on the
ground, sending their respects down to their visitors in a
somewhat promiscuous manner. The smoke from their guns
was ebbing up through the leaves thai lie ground,
and I feared I might purloin a billet-doux that they had
started for their guest ; but through smoke and bin
landed safely behind the line. Our valor convinced the visit-
ing party that we were at home; and that being all they were
seeking for, they yielded the honor of victory to us and
gracefully retired from the field.
We had saved to the Confederacy the whole of Northwest
Virginia, had shaken the grip they had on Maryland, had
strengthened the backbone of the "copperheads" of the North :
and but for the glory that perched on our arms the Confed-
eracy would have gone to the bowwows. The part played
by the Glade Spring Rifle Company was on a par with the
achievement of their noble ancestors at King's Mountain
They did not dishonor themselves in leaving the log, but our
leaders up the hill concluded to change the line. But little time
intervened until our spies reported that the enemy was jn full
retreat.
We now had another enemy doubling up on us — hunger.
l72
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Sam had failed to gladden us with a good warm dinner, and
it was getting late in the day. It was not long until we were
permitted to return to camp, assemble together the broken
threads of our serenity, and feel the weight of the glory we
had achieved. The alacrity with which this permit was exe-
cuted showed that the boys had no cooked provisions on hand
when we received the order to follow the Georgians; or if
they had, they failed to supply their haversacks. We antici-
pated that on our return there would be an abundance of
good things ready to cheer the inner man and profuse apolo-
gies from Sam. But, alas ! Sam had fled. He had thrown
up his commission and disappeared from further history. The
next day we spent telling how it all happened. On our arms
and flag, the latter upheld and defended by Jabez Tomlinson,
the spirit of our forefathers of the Revolution had settled, and
we would meet with such laudation by the folks at home and
our countrymen at large that monuments outrivaling those
of Egypt would be erected to our memory. The camp was
in an exuberant state of hilarity for at least twenty-four
hours.
"What is that, Colonel? What did you say?" "Rich Moun-
tain has been captured and Colonel Pegram and his regiment
made prisoners. The enemy is in our rear." "How can that
be?" General McClellan only wanted to know if we were
all at home when he paid us a friendly visit while he was at
Rich Mountain, persuading his many friends there to go to
Philippi and partake of his hospitality. His invitation was so
pressing that they went, and in so doing they forsook our
back door and made it possible for him to enter in and per-
suade us to go also. This brought a change in our affairs.
At dark our tents were struck and our wagons loaded and
pointed down the road, moving in a funeral-like manner, no
whips cracking, no swearing, and some even thought that the
wheels of the wagons ought to be muffled. We had been out-
generaled, even placed in a good situation for all to be
captured. Rich Mountain was in possession of the enemy,
who had a force much superior to ours.
About midnight on July II the 37th Virginia Regiment, left
to man the breastworks, quietly withdrew to follow after the
train that had already gone, even taking the Glade Spring
Rifle company with them. Our point was Beverly, some ten
miles down the turnpike, which, if we could reach and pass,
would help us to avoid the toils McClellan was aiming to
throw around us. The 1st Georgia Regiment had been out
on duty the previous day, so it fell to its lot to bring up the
rear of the retreating forces; but it was disconnected, and our
part, through insufficient knowledge of its guide, became lost
and tried to direct its course through the mountains. Reach-
ing the vicinity of Beverly about daylight the next morning,
the unwelcome word reached us that the way ahead was
blockaded. Strange to say, it was done by a Confederate
regiment escaping from Rich Mountain. Colonel Scott and
his regiment, the 44th Virginia, had come down to the bridge
spanning Shaver's Fork, in the vicinity of Beverly, and, fear-
ing his command would meet with disaster, retreated, block-
ading the way behind him so thoroughly that when General
Garnett and his command came to it it was found that they
would not have time to remove the barriers before the enemy
would be upon them. This left General Garnett two alterna-
tives, to surrender his forces or take a northern course out
of Virginia into Maryland and then back into Virginia. He
took the latter course, and the very audacity of the move to a
great extent proved its success, although he lost his life in
the enterprise.
We arrived in the vicinity of Beverly the morning of the
12th, expecting to come up with our commissary wagons;
but we were disappointed, as they had been turned in the
direction of the retreat north down Shaver's Fork. We were
halted for a little rest 'and partook of the little food we had
in our haversacks. Here our real soldiering began. We
entered into a road but little traveled, rocky, hilly, and moun-
tainous. It was so different from the smooth turnpike over
which all our foot movements heretofore had been that a
telling effect both on the men and on the horses was soon
felt. Measles had broken out through the different com-
mands in a virulent form, and the suffering of the sick was
intense. The worst cases had been provided for and were
in wagons, but many cases were in the ranks and forded
the creeks and rivers with the other troops. The section of
country through which our road lay was destitute of com-
forts for the sick, could not supply us with provisions or forage
for our horses, and want soon began to oppress us. All our
transportation had disappeared. The only semblance of it
left was Shumaker's Battery, which only proved to be our
Nemesis. It was placed at the head of the column, and the
enfeebled horses in ascending even a small grade in the road
could go but a short distance without a halt, which made it
very oppressive to the column following.
After an unbroken march night and day since leaving
Laurel Hill, Saturday, the 13th, found us at Carrick's Ford,
on Cheat River. The 37th Virginia was the last regiment to
cross over. After it had passed to the high ground from the
gorge, the enemy attacked and captured one section of the isi
Georgia Regiment that was bringing up the rear of the re-
treat. General Garnett was stationed with about two hundred
men to defend our rear. In the conflict that ensued General
Garnett was killed at the ford, but had inflicted a setback
to the pursuit that gave us considerable relief. About this
time our baggage wagons took fright and discarded our cook-
ing utensils, trunks, clothing, and everything that they thought
encumbered them in their flight. The wagons and transpor-
tation disappeared as a myth, and we never saw them again.
Soon after the transaction at Carrick's Ford we began to
come up with the discarded plunder. Here and there were
wagons with horses and drivers gone. Colonel Carson, one
of the former heroes of the Glade Spring Rifle Company,
found his trunk by the roadside broken open and all his
possessions gone except his razor.
We had passed out of Randolph County and nearly through
Tucker and were now approaching Maryland, but we had
to surround the north point of Great Backbone Mountain
before any change of course could be taken. There was the
enemy behind ; and it was our great fear that we would en-
counter an overwhelming force when we reached the end of
the mountain, as we would be within a mile of Red House
Station, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, that enabled
the enemy to concentrate a force in a few hours. The doors
of Northern prisons seemed to be standing wide open for us.
It will be remembered that Jabez Tomlinson, our color
bearer, was the custodian of two flags — one waving above the
braves of the elite of Washington County, while the other
was in security on his person. He was troubled. These
tokens of love and affection confided to his care were pressing
heavily on his mind when he espied a hole in a near-by cliff.
He conceived the idea of saving one dear emblem; so he put
one therein, hoping his peregrinations would bring him that
way again (most likely on his return from prison), when he
would resurrect it. Thus he buried the proof of the high
esteem Mrs. Sallie Floyd had manifested. Suffice it to say,
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
173
our color bearer was not taken prisoner, and he never again
passed that way.
On Sunday, the 14th, in fear and trembling we approached
the end of the mountain, and a view of Red House Station
revealed no stir of unusual importance ; in fact, it appeared
to be in peaceful sleep in its cozy valley. This was a relief.
Could we but reach the point ahead and find no foe awaiting
us. our escape would be almost assured. The watchword
was, "Onward, press forward I" The grim piles of earth that
had so persistently obstructed our view on our right began
to yield, and the blue southern sky took its place. The point
of the mountain was at last reached, the turn made, and no
enemy was visible by the scouts ahead. Dixie, fair Dixie,
that had so long forsaken us, arose from the mist of distance
with a smiling face, bidding us good cheer, extending to our
tired ranks a welcome. We breathed freer. Now new life
was substituted for doubt. Even the Glade Spring Rifle
Company livened up to the occasion.
The extremity to which the tt horsi
army were reduced was one of much suffering. Many of
the men fell short of a mouthful to break their fast until
they got to the south branch of the Potomac River, forty
miles farther. From the north point of the Great
Mountain we changed our course to southeast, crossed the
north branch of the Potomac, and entered what is now Grant
County, in Northwest Virginia. The spirit of the troops re-
turned. Even in their hungry, weary, sleepy condition there
was merriment in the ranks. A country citizen, in the rear of
the < "himn and wishing to pass it. started along the side to
head it. His horse's tail was tied up, and when he had gotten
partly along the line the I him Mister,
mister, your horse's tail is tied up." By the time he passed
the column he knew something of the perversity of the
Confederate soldier. The people gathered hj the roadside to
see us pass. On one occasion there was a negro boy among
the spectators, and one of the boys in the line thus addressed
him : "Hello, Sambo. How came your eye out?" "Got it
knocked out wid a lump o' sugar, boss." was the reply, which
turned the brunt of that joke.
I luring our night marches it became necessary to k. 1 p a
watch over one another during the frequent stops caused by
the artillery ahead. It permitted to lie down, the boys would
be asleep by the time they touched the ground. One of the
Glade Spring Rifle Company, Minna- J B Wright
down and went to ship and was left when the column moved
on. The enemy came upon him, shot him in the leg, cut his
leg off, and took him to the jail at Romney, where we found
him when General Jackson made his winter campaign there
in [862. Men on that retreat walked the road as sound asleep
as they ever were in their lives. I have done so myself.
On Monday, the 15th, after crossing the north branch of the
Potomac, we crossed the Allegheny Mountains; and on Tues-
day morning about ten o'clock we reached Petersburg, in
Hardy County, a little town ..n the north bank of the south
■ranch of the Potomac River. Here we made our first halt
after leaving Laurel Hill, and corn meal and a little beef
were issued to the troops. As we had no cooking utensils.
the problem with us was to get the little we had cooked. Pro-
curing some dry wood, most likely rails from a near-by
fence, I built a fire on a flat rock, made my meal into dough
on a corner of my blanket, removed the fire from the rock.
[ and spread the dough thereon. The beef 1 cooked on a stick
over the fire, and by the time the bread was partially cooked
1 commenced enjoying a delicious meal. Others were as
inventive of ways and means as myself. In a word, our food
was quickly prepared and eaten in the similitude of the Is-
raelites at the institution of the Passover, with our loins
girded, our shoes on our feet, and our staffs in our hands,
and eaten in haste. After this we passed over the river and
pointed our course to Franklin, in Pendleton County. Finding
that we had eluded them, the enemy gave up the chase when
they arrived at Petersburg. We went on by easy stages, car-
ing for our sick the best we could, the country through which
we passed furnishing food and comforts we now had time
and opportunity to gather in. We reached Monterey, in
Highland County, July 20, 1861. Monterey! What sad rec-
ollections cluster around the name ! For a time the entire
town was a hospital. We deposited our sick to the best
advantage. Measles appeared to redouble on us and to
add to our distress. Typhoid fever broke out virulently in
camp and town, taking heavy toll. The town could render
but little assistance. Ten of thi Spring Rifle Company
"passed over the river" inside of five weeks after our arrival,
aused by a complication of the two diseases, of whom were
Nathaniel Haden, William A. Clark. William C. Houston.
Hugh C. Hawthorn, James I! Nye, Thomas Reed, P. B.
Thurman, James Vanderpool. and James White. It is not
possible to portray in words the distress that ruled the hour.
Notwithstanding our efforts to care for them, some of these
poor boys went out of the world lacking the comforts that
the living are so glad to provide for a dying comrade. It
taxed the living night and day to care for the sick and dying.
We had not been in Monterey long when the remnant of
the 1st Georgia Regiment began to arrive in squads of two.
three, and half a dozen at a time and at different times.
When they took to the mountains they had become entangled
in their meshes, but remained together until hunger dictated
that they separate and seek food where best they could find it
and to assemble at the rendezvous that would be pointed out
to them by the mountaineers with whom they came in contact.
The regimenl was never reorganized, but passed out of his-
tory.
When our pickets came in off duty the next day. Sunday,
they reported having heard cannonading during the entire
day, and they felt sure that a battle had been fought at some
in the east. The next day news came to us of the first
Manassas battle and the great victory to the Confederate arms.
This victory so electrified the country that the defeat and
retreat from Laurel Hill was passed over as a mere incident
and soon forgotten, and its importance was never understood
or appreciated by the mass of the people.
Thus ended one of the most remarkable war incidents in
our history — the audacity in daring to pass outside of a supe-
rior victorious foe and over a rough mountainous country
road but little traveled; the tenacity with which the retreat
was conducted, without food or rest for man or beast for
four and one-half days and five nights, cumbered with a
large number of sick; and the distance over which we trav-
eled close to one hundred and fifty miles, closely pursued by
an enemy two-thirds of the way. with seemingly unsurpass-
able danger ahead as well as in the rear. Its successful issue
makes it equal to anything of the kind that has ever occurred.
In all our associations, in all our agreements, let us never
lose sight of this fundamental maxim : That all power was
originally lodged in, and consequently derived from, the peo-
ple. We should wear it as a breastplate and buckle it
armor.' — George Mason (i77f}.
174
Qoi>federat^ l/eterai?
■i!W.iy.iwi»»«iy.»»i!Wii!w.i»iy.i»i»i»:iwi!wiw»wiwf
"When you think of us, think not of the tomb
Where you laid us down in sorrow ;
But look aloft and beyond earth's gloom
And wait for the great to-morrow."
Col. Walter H. Taylor.
Col. Walter H. Taylor, one of the most prominent citizens
of Norfolk, Va., died there on the night of March I, 1916.
aged seventy-four years. He had been President of the Bank
of Norfolk since 1877.
Colonel Taylor was born in Norfolk June 13, 1838, the son
of Walter H. Taylor and Cornelia W. Cowdery, and had
lived there continuously with the exception of four years in
the War between the States, during which he served as a Con-
federate staff officer of Gen. R. E. Lee and was known as
Lee's trusted adjutant. He was educated at the old Norfolk
Academy, later spending three years at the Virginia Military
Institute, which he left at the death of his father, during the
yellow fever epidemic of 1855. He served with General Lee
during the entire war in the West Virginia campaign, in
South Carolina and Georgia, and finally in Northern Vir-
ginia, and he was with General Lee in every engagement in
which that commander participated.
At the close of the war he returned to the city of his birth
and entered the hardware business, in which he continued
until 1877, when he accepted the presidency of the Marine
Bank, to which office he was elected upon the death of his
cousin, Richard Taylor, and he remained as president of this
bank until his death. Colonel Taylor was especially inter-
ested in the Norfolk and Western Railway, and in point of
service he was the oldest directer of that company, having
held a place on the board since 1885.
Because of his intimate association with General Lee, Colonel
Taylor's book on "General Lee, 1861-65" is regarded as the
most authentic dealing with the campaigns of Lee and gives
many personal reminiscences of the Southern leader. This
was published in 1906. His first book, covering the opera-
tions of the Army of Northern Virginia and entitled "Four
Years under Lee," was published soon after the war.
Mat. Catlett Conway Taliaferro.
Mai. Catlett Conway Taliaferro, of Roanoke, Va., died
suddenly on March 2, 1916, while on a business trip to New
York City in the interest of the Norfolk and Western Rail-
way Company, by which he was employed as a real estate
agent.
Major Taliaferro was sixty-nine years old. He w'as one of
the most prominent men of Virginia and was widely known
throughout the South in his Confederate affiliations. At the
age of fourteen years he ran away from his home, in Orange
County, Va., and enlisted in Stonewall Jackson's brigade,
serving under that great commander until the tragedy at
Chancellorsville which cost the South so heavily in the death
of Jackson. Major Taliaferro was detailed as one of the
guards who accompanied the Southern leader's body to its
resting place in Lexington. Va. He later joined General Lee's
command and was said t" have been the General's truce
bearer at the surrender at Appomattox. He was badly
wounded in the fighting near Spottsylvania Courthouse and
was given meritorious mention for gallantry as a courier and
scout. He was buried at Hampden-Sidney, Va.
Mrs. Ruth M. C. Hall.
Mrs. Ruth M. Carr Hall, widow of the late Col. Winchester
Hall, who commanded the 26th Louisiana Infantry, was born
in Oldham County, Ky. After her marriage she lived in
Louisiana for many years. Her declining days were quietly
spent in Pocomoke City, Md., where ?he passed away March
31, 1915, aged ninety-two years. Mrs. Hall was loyal to the
traditions of the past and rejoiced to see the younger genera-
tion coming to the front in loving service for the veteran of
"the Confederacy and all he represents. She was an honored
member of Ye Olde Arlington Chapter, United Daughters of
the Confederacy.
B. F. KiNC.
B. F. King, a gallant Confederate soldier, of Kemper Coun-
ty, Miss., is resting from all the cares of life. Death came
to him suddenly on October 23, 1915. He was born in Kem-
per County March 12, 1845. and enlisted in the Confederate
army when eighteen years old as a member of Company C,
2d Mississippi Regiment, serving under Captain Rogers in
Armstrong's Brigade,
Forrest's Cavalry.
He was with John-
ston from Resaca to
Atlanta and with
Hood from Atlanta
to Jonesboro, to
Nashville, and then
by way of Columbus.
Miss., to Selma, Ala.,
where he was in his
last battle. In all the
trying ordeals of that
arduous service he
never failed to an-
swer roll call or to
perform faithfully any
duty assigned to him.
He was a devoted
member of the Bap-
tist Church and a
Democrat of the old
school; but it was in
his home and community that his life shone brightest. He
was a kind husband and devoted father, an example for any
one to follow. As a citizen he was modest and retiring; a
safe counselor for those who came to him for advice. He
was as loyal to friends as he was to principles.
He was twice married and is survived by his second wife,
with her two daughters, Misses Alma Kate and Eileen King,
and son, Lamar King, all of Battlefield, Miss., and by the
children of his first marriage, who are : R. C. King, of Green-
wood, Miss.; M. D. King, of Hattiesburg, Miss.; Mrs. Mag-
gie Hester, of Lytle, Tex. ; and Miss Vestry King, of Green-
wood, Miss. A brother and sister, of Burley, Miss., also sur-
vive him.
He was tenderly laid to rest near his old home in Zion
Cemetery, Kemper County, surrounded by many sorrowing
friends and relatives.
R F. KING.
Qoijfederat^ Ueterai).
'75
Col. J.wit.- Blackburn.
After a long illness Col. J;imes Blackburn died in Buffalo.
X. V., on December 14, 1915. He was born in Woodford
County, Ky., April 30, 1834, and was a graduate of Center
College, at Danville. At the beginning of the War between
the States he was practicing law at Helena, Ark. He
lawyer of attainments, able and eloquent in debate. Joining
a company of which that iron soldier, Patrick R. Cleburne,
was captain, he was elected a lieutenant at its organization.
This company was a part of the 1st Arkansas Infantry, State
Troops. Cleburne was colonel after the transfer of the regi-
ment to the Confederate service, and it was then known as
the 15th Arkansas Infantry.
Before the transfer of his regiment to the Confei
service Lieutenant Blackburn was elected captain of a com-
pany in another regiment. All of his service was in the
Trans-Mississippi Department. He rose to the rank of lieu-
tenant colonel and distinguished himself in the bar
Helena." Ark. After the war he resumed the practice of his
profession at Helena, but later returned to Kentucky and was
a farmer in Woodford County. He had every attribute of a
nobleman. His soul was imbued with justice, and his heart
was attuned with that broad humanitj that could say. "Our
country." His patriotism nerved his arm and steeled his
heart to battle for the cause that he knew to be right. He-
had five brothers in the Confederate army, one of whom was
the Hon. J. C S Blackburn, long a Congressman and United
States Senator from Kentucky, and the only one now living
Another brother. Dr. Luke P. Blackburn, the philanthropist
and noted specialist in treating yellow fever, was Governor
of Kentucky after the war. He himself long represented his
district ni 1I1. Senate of Kentucky and was a member of the
convention that framed the present Constitution. H< w
appointed United States marshal for Kentucky by President
Develand His wife, two sons, and a daughter survive him.
Capt. Thom is G Ei \m.
Thomas Gordon Flam, seventy-one years old, a prominent
citizen and Confederate veteran, died at the home of his
daughter in Salem. Va., after a brief illness.
Captain Elam, who was one of the best-known and bi st
loved veterans of Roanoke, was born in Campbell County.
Va., Xovember 8, 1844. In 1801, at the age of sixteen, he-
enlisted in the Clarksville Blues. Company E. 14th Virginia
Regiment, and served four years, part of which time he was
attached to Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's staff as field telegrapher lit
learned the use of the telegraph while stationed at Drewry's
Bluff. At the end of the war he held the rank of captain.
His home was in Suffolk for several years after the war.
and there he was married t" Mi-s Emily S. Arnold in 1870.
For twenty years he was editor and owner of the Suffolk
Herald and later editor of the Danville Register. He then
went into the insurance business, in which he continued until
his death He had lived in Roanoke for eleven years
Captain Elam was known wherever Confederate veterans
congregate and was serving his second term as Commander
of \\ illiam Watts Camp. Confederate Veterans, of Roanoke.
He was also First Lieutenant Grand Commander of the Vir-
ginia Confederate Veterans. His kindly greetings will be
missed by his comrades at the Confederate reunions, which
he so enjoyed.
Captain Elam is survived by his wife and three children.
two daughters and a son.
Veterans of the Hupp-Deyerlc and William Watts Camps.
Confederate Veterans, of Salem and Roanuke. were tii>
urary pallbearers at his funeral ; while the active pallbearers
were from the Albert Sidney Johnston Camp of Sons of
- rans.
I h \ths \ 1 \ 1 hkns. Tex.
Commander L. A. Powers reports the loss of the follow-
ing members of Howdy Martin Camp. Xo. 65. Athens, I ex.,
^ince last report :
G. R. Evans, Company D. 13th Alabama: T. C. Copi
any C. 5th Arkansas; B. B. Brannon, Company E, 6th
Texas; B. F. Smith. Company K. 12th Alabama; W A Mc-
Cloud, Company A. 39th Alabama; A. Mobley. Company H.
40th Alabama; J. K. Simmons. Company H. i-t Alabama
Cavalry: J. C. Shelton. Willi-'- Texas Battalion; Hugh 1
Company H, 4th Texas; C. W. Hanscomb. Companv K. 41I1
Georgia Infantry; F. G Poston, Company F. 21st 1
airy; W. A Richardson, Mannion Horn. Guards; I \Y
Frezell, Company G. Kentucky Infantry; Dr. 1. M. Mat-
thews, surgeon 12th Texas. W. H Hatcher. Company I . 4th
Tennessee Cavalry; Capt. J H Watford, Compam K
\rkansas Infantry.
Cat- L. Wirt.
1. Wirt, who died in Dardanelle. Ark.. July
14, 1915, was born in Bibbs County. Ala.. Xovember 21. 1S44
While yet in his teens he enlisted 111 the Confederate service.
going out and serving until the list battle was fought in the
nth Alabama Regi-
ment of Infantry.
Sometime after the
war he was happily
married to Miss
Sanford, who sur-
vives him with one
who has taken
his father's pi v
manager of the credit
-ales department in
the large mercantile
business of J 1 1
Goldman & Co.
In 1877 Captain
Wir: removed his
family to Yell Coun-
ty, Ark Fir some
years he farmed and
carried on a count rv
CAPT. G. L. wmv , ,
mercantile business.
He was then elected count) and probate judge and served
very efficiently for four years \fter his official career, he
was again interested in the mercantile business until the
Great Commander of the universe called him hence. He was
laid to rest in the Brealey Cemetery under the auspices of the
Masonic fraternity, of which he had been a member for
more than thirty years, serving the last eighteen v
retary of his lodge
Captain Wirt was one of the most active charter members
of Mcintosh Camp. No. 531. I'. C. V., and was its Com-
mander until his death. This devoted husband, affectionate
father, faithful veteran, zealous Mason, and accommodating
neighbor leaves the world poorer in his death.
[From his friend and comrade, 1 J Jackson ]
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
William C. Van Meter.
After a prolonged illness, William C. Van. Meter, Christian
gentleman and Confederate soldier, on January 31, 1916, heard
"the one clear call" and went home "to the Master of all
good workmen" with a record for brave and fruitful service
both in peace and war. On his father's side he sprang from
a sturdy, substantial pioneer stock which had much to do
with the settling of the South Branch Valley of the Potomac
and which grew into a large and influential family that sent
many sons into the Confederate army. On December 22,
1838, very near the site of Old Fort Pleasants, William Van-
Meter was born and grew to manhood. He never lost his
intense love for this spot ; and though after the war he lived
for some years in Illinois, he returned to this valley and
lived again amid the scenes of his boyhood. His last years
were spent near Petersburg, Grant County, W. Va., farther
up in the same valley.
When the men of Virginia were called to arms, William
VanMeter first joined the "Hardy Blues." All but twelve
of this company were captured at Rich Mountain in the
spring of 1861, paroled, and disbanded. He, though wounded,
escaped and soon after joined Company E, 25th Virginia
Infantry, in which he served till the close of the war. This
company was first organized with the men who escaped cap-
ture at Rich Mountain, the membership coming from the
Franklin Guards, Pendleton Rifles, South Branch Rifles, and
Hardy Blues, and belonged to the 4th Brigade, Ewell's Di-
vision, Jackson's Corps, Army of Northern Virginia.
William VanMeter was not of that type of soldier that does
brilliant, daring deeds, but of that type that presses steadily
forward in the face of privation, and doubtless no better sol-
dier followed the immortal Jackson. He was a man singu-
larly free from "envy, malice, and all uncharitableness" ;
kind, gentle, generous, lovable, always respecting the rights
and privileges of others ; a man of sterling integrity and
stainless Christian character. In youth he united with the
Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in which he was for
years an honored officer and worker. In 1868 he was mar-
ried to Miss Margaret Chambers, and he is survived by five
children, two sons and three daughters. Of his four brothers,
three were also brave Confederate soldiers. He was buried
in his Confederate uniform by his special request.
[From tribute by Mrs. Page Walton, Assistant Historian
Winnie Davis Chapter, U. D. C, Moorefield, W. Va.]
John Henry Eiffert.
The oldest Confederate veteran known has joined the silent
majority. John Henry Eiffert, of whom a sketch was given
in the Veteran for May, 1915, as a veteran of the Confederacy
who had passed the century mark, died on October 20, 1915,
at Webber's Falls, Okla., at the age of one hundred and one
years and twenty days. Mr. Eiffert was born in Lexington,
S. C, October 1. 1814, and went to East Tennessee in 1830.
There in 1848 he married the widow of Dr. R. T. Hanks,
who was Margaret Ann Ward Morgan. When the war came
on, he joined the second company raised in his town, which
was under command of his son-in-law, Capt. Wellington W.
McClelland, and served during the entire war. After the
war he went with his family to the Cherokee Nation (now
Oklahoma) and settled at Webber's Falls, where he lived to
the time of his death, loved and respected by all who knew
him. Even when near his hundredth year he was as active
as many men in the eighties and read a great deal, taking
great interest in what was going on in the outside world.
Lieut. E. M. Anderson.
Lieut. Ephraim McDowell Anderson was born in Knox-
ville, Tenn., June .29, 1843, but in his youth the family re-
moved to Missouri and settled in Monroe County. In 1861
he became a member of the Missouri State Guards and served
under Gen. Sterling Price in all the campaigns and battles
of that service, including Carthage, Springfield, and Lexing-
ton. Early in 1862, while in winter quarters at Springfield,
Mo., the first Confederate brigade was formed under com-
mand of Gen. Henry Little, who was later killed at Iuka,
Miss. Lieutenant Anderson became a member of Company
G, 2d Confederate Regiment, under Capt. F. M. Cockrell,
later a brigadier general.
Soon after the close of the struggle between the States E.
M. Anderson wrote the first history of Missouri comrades in
the Confederate service; but when less than a hundred copies
were ready for delivery the house of publication was de-
stroyed by fire, and his labor of year- was lost. He had been
importuned in late years to republish this history, and it was
his intention to do so had his health improved. He had been
ailing for many years, and in the hope of benefit he went to
the Confederate Home at Higginsville for a short while in the
latter part of 1915, leaving a home of opulence and plenty to
mingle again with old comrades. On January 10, 1916, he
quietly passed away. His funeral was attended by more than
one hundred veterans, and the officiating minister was a mem-
ber of his company during all the days of trial.
[From tribute by W. J. Erwin, Company E, 3d Missouri
Regiment, 1st Brigade.]
James A. Chandler.
James Anderson Chandler was born January 30, 1842, and
died November 28, 1915. He was mustered into the Confed-
erate service on July 11, 1861, and proceeded to Richmond,
Va., where a regiment was organized. His service was as a
member of Company A, 16th Georgia Regiment, of Cobb's,
Wofford's, and, lastly, Dubose's Brigade, Kershaw's Division,
Longstreet's Corps, A. N. V., and he gave faithful and hon-
orable service during the entire conflict. He was twice made
prisoner, first at South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862,
when he was detailed as a nurse for wounded comrades until
exchanged. He was again captured at Knoxville, Tenn., No-
vember 29, 1864, and again detailed as a nurse for wounded
comrades, and he was finally sent to prison at Rock Island.
111., where he remained until paroled and sent home in 1865.
In September, 1865, he was married to Miss Nancy Catharine
McGinnis, from which union there were born eleven children.
six sons and five daughters. Forty-six grandchildren (thirty-
eight now living) and nine great-grandchildren make the
number of his descendants. Our comrade was born in a
family of fifteen children, thirteen sons and two daughters.
He had seven brothers in the Confederate service, three of
whom survive him. He was a charter member of Camp John
H. Morgan, No. 1330, U. C. V., of Commerce, Ga.. of which
he was Ensign till his death.
[Tribute by his comrade and lifelong friend, G. W. O'Kelley,
lieutenant Company A, 16th Georgia Regiment ]
William J. Durbin
At his home, in Norfolk. Va.. on June 2, 1915, there passed
to his reward William J. Durbin, a brave and gallant soldier.
Though a mere boy, he enlisted at the first call of the South
and was in many of the hardest-fought battles of the Army
of Tennessee until desperately wounded on June 16, 1864. He
was never again able for service.
Qor?federat^ l/eterar).
i/7
! - IHi! -I
Always more thoughtful of others than of himself, his good
influence still lives and manifests itself in the lives and serv-
ice of those who were so fortunate as to know him.
Josiah Stkwart House.
J. S. House was born January n, 1843, and died December
17. 1915, after a brief illness. Enlisting in the Confederate
army, he served as a member of Hill's 47th Tennessee Regi-
ment. Army of Tennessee, taking part in the battles of Shiloh,
Richmond, Perryville. Murfreesboro, Missionary Rid
amauga. New Hope
Church, Peach Tree
Creek, Atlanta, Co-
lumbia. Spring Hill.
Franklin, Nashville,
and others in which
his command partici-
pated. He was cm 1
true to the principles
for which he fought.
The Confederate
cause was sacred to
him. As a citizen he
was modest and retir-
ing and had the es-
teem of his fellow
men. He took greal
interest in the wel-
fare of young men,
and it was his natui 1
tn look on the bright
side of life. He was a good husband and a loving father.
For several years his home was with bis son Enoch, in Gib-
son County, Term., where he died. He was foi man}
a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Baptist CI
From the fire of battle of four long years J. S. House re-
turned to his home and was one of the brave men
judgment in Reconstruction days helped to curb the r
ment of impetuous Southerners when sorely tried by tin
eral authorities and changed conditions in the South.
With sincere appreciation of the friendship thai existed
between us. it is in sadness that I place this humble tribute to
his memory. \Y. F. Pi
J M. Gill.
James M. Gill, born in Greene County, Ala., June 18. [842,
Has a son of Nathan Gill, a native of South Carolina. The
family removed from Alabama to Arkansas, and there James
M. Gill grew to manhood. At eighteen he enlisted in the
Confederate service in Company G. 12th Arkansas Regiment,
and his service was mainly east of the Mississippi River. He
was taken prisoner at Island No. 10 and sent to Camp Douglas,
Chicago, where he remained five months before being sent to
yicksburg and exchanged. He was captured again at Port
Hudson, but was soon paroled and suit home. After four
months he was again exchanged and saw service on the west
side of the Mississippi. His command looked after General
Steele and kept him back until after Banks's defeat on Red
River, then went to Marshall, Tex.
Mr. Gill went to Arkansas after the surrender, but in [869
he removed to Texas and located in Ellis County. Here he
was married to Miss Texas Wright, and to this union was
born one son. Wife and son survive him. For some fifteen
years the family have lived in Coleman County. Sur-
viving comrades of Mr. Gill are asked to write to his son,
E. W. Gill. Santa Anna. Tex.
Frank Makkee Kidu.
Frank Markce Kidd was born at Lexington, Ky.. October
24. 1841. and died at his home, near Marshall, Mo., June 12.
1915. He was married on the 30th of July. 1879, to Mrs.
Sarah Allison Stewart, widow of Edward George Stewart,
of Dumfries. Scotland. To this marriage were born eight
children, of whom two sons and one daughter survive.
Mr. Kidd was a Confederate soldier, enlisting in the year
1861 at Camp Trousdale. Tenn.. in Woodward's Squadron,
Company B. afterwards consolidated into Helm's Regiment,
Gen. A. S Johnston in command. Mustered out at Chatta-
nooga, Tenn.. he reenlisted the same year at Lexington. Ky.,
in Company D, 8th Kentucky, under Colonel Cluke. General
Morgan's command. He was captured at SalinevilU. Ohio,
the same day General Morgan was captured and sent to
Camp Chase, near Columbus. Ohio, and afterwards to Camp
Douglas, where he was imprisoned for eighteen months. His
company was with President Davi^ the da his cap-
ture.
Comrade Kidd was paroled at Athens. Ga.. May 7. 1865. He
an enthusiastic worker and member of Gen. John S
Marmaduke Camp. No. 554, U. C V., hall, Mo., and
was highly revered by his comrades and host of friends.
Km
Robert Newton Guyn, member of the 8th Kentucky Cav-
alry with Col. R - died at Lee's Summit, Mo., on
the 10th of January. 1916. Mr. Guyn was born in Wood-
d County. Ky.. on April 29, 1839 ll
volunteered in Company B. 8th Kentucky Cavalry, and was a
faithful, earnest, conscientious, and brave soldier. He saw
• with Gen. John H. nth that gal-
lant soldier wherever duty called He was in the engage-
ts which made Morgan's command famous. At Ilarts-
tield and on the Christmas raid in 186.2 and in all the engage-
its in Middle Tennessee during the sprine and summer of
that year he acquitted himself as a brave and gallant soldier
He was captured on the Highway and remained in prison
until near the close of the war. when he was exchanc
H< married Miss Drake and moved I iri, and at
the tune of his death he was engaged in the grocery business
at l.ee's Summit. He is survived by his wife and two chil-
dren. Modest, reserved, loyal, true, honest, and kind in all
the relations of life, he passed away respected red
by all who knew him.
C. J. DUTART.
On February 5. igi<>. at his home, in La Ward. Tex.. Charles
John Dutart passed away after a protracted illness The
burial was at Edna.
Charh"- Dutart was bom February 23, 1840. in St. Th
Parish, near Charleston. S. C His parents were descendants
of the Huguenots who came from France The family moved
in Jackson County, Tex., when he was only ten years of
and he had been a resident there since that time.
When eighteen years of age Mr. Dutart enlisted in the Con-
federate army, and he served in the 2d Texas Infantry until
the close of the struggle. He made a gallant and true soldier,
and he had ample opportunity to prove his valor upon the
fields of battle. After the war he went back to Texas and
Jackson County. In 1893 he was united in marriage to Miss
Nellie McChesney, who. with three children, two sons and a
daughter, survives him.
1 78
^opfederat^ l/eterat),
MAJ. R. P. PADDISON.
Maj. R. P. Paddison.
After many weeks of suffering, Maj. R. P. Paddison passed
away, in his seventy-sixth year, at his home, in Point Caswell,
Pender County, N. C, on November 23. 1915. He was a loyal
Confederate veteran. His last public act was in raising funds
for the erection of the Confederate monument at Burgaw, in
his home county, and his last public appearance was as master
of ceremonies when the monument was unveiled last May.
With his younger brother, J. R. Paddison, he enlisted in
the service of the
Confederacy in April,
[861, at Clinton, N.
C, and served
throughout the war in
Company A, 61st
X'orth Carolina Regi-
ment, Hoke's Divi-
sion. He served first
as a noncommissioned
officer in a company
called the "Sampson
Rangers," the first
company organized in
the county, with
which he was sent to
Fort Johnson. He
was later appointed
hospital steward and
remained at Fort
Johnson during an
epidemic of yellow
fever in 1862 and of
smallpox during the winter of the same year. After that he
was transferred to Wilmington Hospital Xo. 4, where he re-
mained till the close of the war.
Major Paddison was a son of George Paddison, a very
scholarly gentleman, a graduate of Oxford University, Eng-
land, who came to Virginia just after his marriage in England.
In 1856 the family went to North Carolina, the parents dying
in 1866. Of Major Paddison's four brothers, there are only
two survivors, Maj. J. R. Paddison. of Mount Airy, N. C,
and A. H. Paddison, of Burgaw. N. C. He is survived by two
sons and three daughters. He was a member of Surrey
County Camp, No. 797, U. C. V., at Mount Airy, N. C, also
an aid on the staff of the Commander of North Carolina
Division. U. C. V. The funeral was held with the honors of
the Masonic fraternity, of which he had been a member for
many years, and he was laid away in his Confederate uniform.
W. D. McI.vtosh.
The summons so anxiously awaited came to one of God's
noblemen at the close of January 23 when the gentle spirit
of W. D. Mcintosh passed into the great beyond. His earthly
pilgrimage was over fourscore years. He died at the home
of his son in Hereford, Tex., and was buried at Rosebud on
the 26th.
W. D. Mcintosh was born July 18, 1843, in Darlington, S.
C, but moved to Mississippi, and from that State he en-
listed in the 20th Mississippi Regiment under General For-
rest and did gallant service throughout the War between the
States, receiving a wound in the battle of Corinth.
In October, 1865, he was married to Miss Marian Hardy,
of Hardyville. near Newton, Miss., and twelve years later
they went to Texas, locating in Robertson County, later liv-
ing in Milam and Falls Counties. He united with the Bap-
tist Church in [866 ;>nd lived a loyal, consistent Christian life.
His chief characteristics were honesty, truthfulness, loyalty
to his friends and to his convictions. He is survived by four
sons.
Dr. A. L. Elcan.
Dr. Archibald Liebig Elcan, a former prominent practicing
physician of Memphis and who was also well known through-
out West Tennessee, died at his home, in Los Angeles, Cal., in
February, 1916. He went to California about ten years ago on
account of the poor health of himself and a daughter, leaving
one of the foremost practices in Memphis.
Dr. Elcan was born October 20, 1844, in Fayette County,
near Belmont, now known as Mason. He joined the Confed-
erate army in 1862 before he was eighteen years of age, serv-
ing first with Capt. Sam T. Taylor's company and later with
Major General Loring in a secretarial and aid-de-camp ca-
pacity until February 24, 1864, when he joined Company B,
7th Tennessee Cavalry, of Forrest's command. He was
wounded while charging beside General Forrest at Prairie
Mound, Miss., where Forrest led on foot, his horse having
been shot from under him. He was again wounded in the
retreat from Nashville near Richland Creek. At the close of
the war he was first sergeant in Company B. Dr. Elcan was
an honorary member of Company A, the crack Confederate
company of Memphis.
After the war Dr. Elcan read medicine, took a full college
course, and practiced medicine in Tipton County. He also
served as a member of the legislature and as a justice of the
peace in that county. He was well known as a writer for
several leading medical journals and as a contributor to the
daily and weekly press of this section. He moved to Memphis
in 1888 and devoted himself exclusively to his practice. He
was married on November 4, 1869, to Miss Bettie Taylor,
daughter of Dr. Joshua Swayne, of Carroll County. Tenn.
Three daughters and a son survive him.
Capt. Oliver Frazer Redd.
Capt. Oliver Frazer Redd, than whom a soldier more loyal
to the South never lived, ripe in years and full of the affec-
tions of his friends, sleeps the last sleep under the sod of his
beloved Kentucky. Death came to him at his home, in Lex-
ington, Ky., and on the 22d of February he was laid to rest,
attended by comrades and friends, who loved him for his
many sterling traits and devotion to high ideals. He loved
everything connected with the Confederacy and was for many
years Secretary of the Confederate Veterans' Association of
Lexington, and he took great pride and pleasure in the work.
Joining a Missouri regiment at the beginning of the war,
Captain Redd was several times promoted for gallantry and
finally appointed aid on the staff of Gen. Joseph Shelby. He
was severely wounded in the battle of Wilson's Creek, from
which he never fully recovered; but his sufferings through
many years never caused him to repine or lose his cheerful-
ness. At the close of the war he went with his commander to
Mexico, where they remained till peace was restored. On his
return he declined to take the oath of allegiance and remained
to the last an uncompromising, unreconstructed Rebel. Until
his health rendered it impossible. Captain Redd was an active
worker in the First Presbyterian Church, of which he had
been a member for many years. He is survived by his wife,
who was Miss Kate Frazer. and children, three daughters
and a son, the latter a resident of Birmingham, Ala. He has
left them the rich iegacy of a good name and an example of
Christian faith and fortitude.
Qor?federat^ l/eterag.
179
James Dickson Pollock.
James Dickson Pollock was born August 27. i5.ii. near
Cumberland, Md., on the west bend of the Potomac River,
and died near Barton, Md.. on January 27. 19,16, in his
seventy-fifth year. He served four years in Company F, 7th
Virginia Cavalry,
and for his faithful
service he had re-
ccivid the Confeder-
ate cross of honor
through the Daugh-
ters of the Confeder-
acy of Maryland.
After the war closed
he returned to his
home, near Cumber-
land, and there his
life was spent on his
farm until March,
1915, when he re-
moved to a farm near
Barton. He was
married in 1806 to
Miss Nellie Morris,
who, with their chil-
dren, two sons and
four daughters, lives to mourn the loss of this kind and loving
husband and father. Hi* eldest child was named Winnie
Davis Pollock, in memory of the cause he loved.
Comrade Pollock was a member of the James Breathed
Camp, U. C. V., of Cumberland, as long as it was kept up
There are few of the veteran* there now. Although never a
member of the Church, he held to the faith of his parents.
who were Presbyterians.
Dr. H. V. Collins.
The Mortuary Committee of Barker Camp. No, 1555. U.
C. V., Jacksonville, Tex., composed of E. S. McCall, W. J.
Pearce, and Jerome Hall, reports the death of another mem-
ber.
Dr. H. V. Collins was horn June 27. 1S44. in \Y
County. Ga.. and died at hi* home, in Jacksonville. Tex., Feb-
ruary ii, 1916. He was a faithful member of the Camp since
its organization, in 1004. and filled the position of Camp Sur-
geon until the day of his death, lie enlisted a* a private
soldier in the Confederate army in Vugust, [86l, serving in
Captain Pruden's company. 32d Georgia Infantry. He
served on the coast of Georgia until Sherman's army reached
Savannah and then went to Hardee's Corps, in Joe John-
ston's army, and served there until mustered out at Golds-
boro, N. C, reaching home in May. 1865.
By his own exertions he became a doctor after the war.
taking a course of lectures at Jefferson College, Philadelphia,
and graduating at the Medical College in Savannah, Ga., in
i&w. He was married to Miss O. J. Floyd, a daughter of
T. S. Floyd, of Columbia, Ala., at which place he practiced
medicine one year. He then went to Texas and located at
Beaumont, going from there to Old Town Bluff, in Tyler
County, Tex. From this place he moved to Jacksonville in
1883 and made his home there until his death. His wife and
three daughters and an only brother survive him, all living
at Jacksonville. More than thirty-three years of his life were
spent in this community, and Ins sterling qualities as a man
and neighbor were often manifest in his work among all
classes. He had been a member of the First Baptist Church
for more than thirty years. He was also a member of the
Masonic Lodge of Jacksonville and was buried by that order.
Thomas Nath Elder.
"Un< Elder, as he was affectionately called by all
who knew him, passed away in December, 1915, at the ripe
age of ninety-two years. He was born in 1824. making his
home always in the rural district in what i* known as the
"Big Spring Settlement." of Oconee County, Ga. A son of
the soil, "Mother Earth" had peculiarly endowed him with a
gift of wonderful endurance. Just a few years prior to his
death he could with ease walk a distance of six miles without
apparent fatigue. He possessed a sweet Christian spirit, and
this venerable patriarch was esteemed highly by his friends
and acquaintances. He was a devoted member of the Chris-
tian Church and held the office of elder at the time of his
death. Enlisting in the Confederate army in July, 1863. as a
member of Company A, 4th Georgia Militia. General Phillips's
brigade. General Smith'* command, Mr. Fldcr served hon-
orably as a private until the surrender, engaging in the battles
of Atlanta and vinicity. He was twice married, first to Miss
Lucy Brown, to whom were born five children. His second
wife was Miss Xancy A. Elder, and of that union there were
three children, several of whom survive him.
Thomas Uhl.
At his home, in Dallas County, near Wheatland, Tex.,
Thomas Uhl died on February 15. 1916. He was born in
\llegany County, Md . February 24. 1840, and thus lacked
but a few days of having completed his seventy-sixth year.
He was left an orphan at the age of six years and went to
Texas in 1858 with a herd of sheep. Enlisting in the Con-
federate army in Septem-
ber, 1861, as a member of
Company F. 6th Texas
Cavalry, Sul Ross's regi-
ment, he served with this
command until the close
of the war. Hi* comrades
honored him many years
with the position of Presi-
dent of the Ross Brigade
Association. When it was
consolidated with Gran-
bury's and Ector's Bri-
gades at Funis last Au-
gust, he was elected First
Vice President of the new
organization. He was a
recognized leader in all
the annual meetings.
Comrade Uhl married
Miss Emily Branson in 1867: and of their three children, a
son survives, with the mother.
He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
South. At his burial twenty-six Confederate veterans acted
as honorary pallbearers. In his death Dallas County has lost
one of its oldest and most highly honored citizens and his
family a devoted husband and father; his comrades, one whom
thev will sadlv miss.
THOMAS UHL.
i So
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Rev. Patrick F. Branman.
The life of Rev. Father Patrick Francis Brannan, who was
laid to rest at Weatherford, Tex., on February i, 1916, was
an interesting and unsual one. As a citizen, soldier, lawyer,
public official, and missionary priest his experiences were
many and varied.
Patrick Brannan was born November 30. 1848, at Colum-
bus, Ga. He was a mere lad when the war broke out ; but,
imbued with love for the Southland, he went into service as
a drummer boy at the age of fourteen, serving with the 15th
Alabama, Company K. During a part of his service Colonel
Oats (later Governor of Alabama) was in command of his
regiment, and he took a great interest in young Brannan be-
cause of his enthusiasm and diminutive size. The colonel
reprimanded the impulsive drummer boy several times for get-
ting into the firing line, but he would get back into the thick
of the fray at every opportunity. He often alluded to the
tender solicitude of his colonel during his boyish patriotic
outbreaks. They were always warm friends.
When the war was over, Patrick Brannan took up the study
of law at Louisville, Ky., was admitted to the bar, and began
his practice in that city. Removing to Texas, he settled at
Weatherford and practiced his profession there. During the
trial of a case in Cleburne he met Miss Mary Powers, to
whom he was later married. A son and a daughter were
born to them and survive him.
He became a great friend and protege of Governor Lan-
ham and was a frequent and welcome visitor at the Lanham
households in Weatherford, in Washington, and in Austin.
In 1882 he brcame mayor of Weatherford, being the first
Democrat to hold the office, and he filled it efficiently.
In the very zenith of his career as a lawyer his wife
died, and he determined to devote his life to the Church.
Entering the Catholic seminary in Baltimore, he completed
an eight-year course in three years, and after his ordination
he began his service as a missionary priest, which he con-
tinued until death, his missions extending over the United
States.
William G. DeLashmutt.
William G. DeLashmutt, aged seventy-seven years, died De-
cember 16, 1915, at his home, in Martinsville, 111. He was a
son of Judge Elias DeLashmutt. He was a native of Fred-
erick County, Md.. and married a daughter of Philip Reich.
She survives him. with four children.
At the outbreak of the War between the States Mr. De-
Lashmutt cast his lot with the South, enlisting in Company
D, 1st Maryland Cavalry, lie was badly wounded in the
battle at Pollard's Farm. Company D was raised in Frederick
County, and Mr. DeLashmutt was a member of Alexander
Young Camp, U. C. V., of Frederick. His last visit east
was when he attended the reunion of Confederate and Union
veterans at Gettysburg in July. 1913.
Charles B. Fields.
Charles B. Fields, aged seventy-five, who died at his home,
in Castlewood, Russell County, Va., on February 22 and was
buried with Masonic honors in Sinking Spring Cemetery, at
Abingdon, was a veteran of the Confederacy, having served
throughout the War between the States as a member of Com-
pany D, 1st Virginia Cavalry. At the close of the war he
moved to California, where he was a successful building con-
tractor, retiring from business several years ago and returning
to Virginia on account of ill health. He is survived by two
daughters, who reside in California.
W. B. Langeord.
On the night of November 27 the soul of W. Bed. Langford
peacefully and quietly "crossed the bar and put out to sea,"
having abiding faith in the Master's care. Mr. Langford was
born April 14, 1848, in Oconee County, Ga. As a lad of six-
teen in July, 1863, he enlisted in the Confederate army, Com-
pany A, 4th Georgia Militia, General Phillips's brigade, Gen-
eral Smith's command, to battle for the beloved cause. He
received his baptism of fire in the battles of Atlanta, Gris-
woldville, and vicinity, serving gallantly until the surrender,
when he returned to his home. He resumed his trade of
wheelwright and carriage maker and also engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits and merchandising, in which he was success-
ful and accumulated some property. Always evincing an
active interest in affairs of his town and Church, he was a man
esteemed by his fellow citizens for the many honorable trails
of his sturdy, self-reliant character. On November 29, 1867.
he was married to Miss Ellen Elder, and to them were born
six daughters, three of whom, with their mother, the com-
panion of his youth and age, survive him.
Robert O'Brien.
Robert O'Brien, a highly respected citizen of Jackson County,
Tex., died on January 29, 1916, at the home of his brother,
near Edna, and he was laid to rest in the old family burial
ground, near Ganado.
Robert O'Brien was born May 26, 1835, in Bedford, Trimble
County, Ky. He went to Texas in 1859 and later settled in
Jackson County. At the outbreak of the War between the
States he enlisted for the Confederacy, becoming one of
Terry's Texas Rangers, 8th Texas, Company H, and serving
to the end of the war. The first' two years of service were
under General Forrest, and later he was under General
Wheeler. He was a gallant and fearless soldier, and such
men made Terry's Texas Rangers famous. When the Texas
Rangers were breaking rank to return home to peaceful pur-
suits, General Wheeler in an address paid a high tribute to
them, which every Ranger treasured highly.
On February 21, 1866, Mr. O'Brien was united in marriage
to Miss Fredrica Elliott. Their only child died at the age
of nine years.
Isaac H. Strider.
Isaac H. Strider, seventy-five years old, died December 20.
1915, near Leetown, W. Va. He was for years President of
the Bank of Charlestown and also a member of the Jefferson
County Court. He served in the Confederate army as a
member of the late Capt. George Baylor's company, B, 12th
Virginia Cavalry. Mr. Strider married Miss Sarah Reich,
daughter of the late Philip Reich, of Frederick, Md., who,
with four children, survives him.
Mr. DeLashmutt and Mr. Strider married sisters. They
were devoted comrades, and the death of one hastened that
of the other. A few weeks previous to their death their only
sister, Mrs. Phoebe Reich, passed away.
William H. McLean.
William Hewlett McLean, a native of Winston County,
Ala., was at LaGrange in 1860-61 as a State cadet. From
1862 to the close of the war he served in Company A, nth
Alabama Cavalry, under Forrest. He was wounded at Har-
risburg, Miss., in July, 1864, and again in Hood's Tennessee
campaign in December of the same year. He died in Ala-
bama on the 6th of August, 1915, in his seventy-second year.
Qor^federat^ l/eterar?.
181
William Fletcher Takpley.
W. F. TARIM K1
William Fletcher Tarpley was born in the eighth district of
Giles County, Tenn., in May, 1835, and died February 14. 1916.
within one mile of his birthplace, having lived his whole life
in the same section, except the four years he served in the
Confederate army. In the early part of 1861 he responded to
the call of his country and enlisted in the first company that
left Pulaski, which was Company K, Fields's 1st Tennessee
Regiment. He served
throughout the entire
war. surrendering
with Gen. Joe John-
ston in North Caro-
lina. He was ia every
battle in which his
command took part.
No soldier answered
more roll calls than
he. At the time of his
death he was the only
member of his com-
pany that surrendered
with his regiment and
the only one living in
Giles County out of
one hundred and
thirty. A few of his
comrades were in
prison at the time of
surrender, and a few
had joined other commands lie was plain, unassuming, one
of God's noblemen, honest, truthful, moral in the fullest sense,
and tried to practice the golden rule. He •■
accepted office. A tine tribute was paid by a friend when he
said that it would take a great deal of adverse testimony to
convince him that Fletcher was ever in the wrong. A com-
rade who was reared with him and served in the. same com-
pany during the war said ho never knew of his doing wrong
or saying a mean or ugly thing about any one He now sleeps
in Pulaski Cemetery with comrades, awaiting the
reveille.
Judge Jami s W, McBroom.
Judge James W. McBroom. soldier, lawyer, and jurist, a
prominent citizen of Abingdon. Va.. died there on January
12, 1916. He was born April 10, 1835, in Prince George
County, Va. He attended the University of Virginia and
afterwards graduated from the Law School of Cumberland
University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1858. Volunteering in the
State troops May 6, 1861, he was commissioned by Governor
Letcher as first lieutenant in the Prince George Rifles, which
afterwards became Company C, 6th Virginia Battalion, C. S.
A. He served with this company until January, 1862, when
he was elected captain of a battery of artillery and stationed
on James River, where his command was engaged in planting
torpedoes in the river to prevent the enemy's gunboats from
coming up to Richmond. He was in this branch of the serv-
ice until 1804, by which time General Grant had flanked his
way around General Lee's little squad of dauntless heroes,
crossed to the south side of James River, and laid siege to
Petersburg. He was appointed captain of scouts by Gen.
Henry A. Wise, as he was familiar with all the roads and
bypaths in the swamps in that region, and by his fine judg-
ment, cool and deliberate courage he kept General Lee posted
on every move the enemy made, for which he was highly com-
mended by his chief.
On one of his scouts he came upon a squad of Yankee
marauders who were annoying a family in Sussex County. Va
As he approached from the rear of the house, the enemy
being in front, a young lady stepped out on the back porch
and warned him of the presence of the enemy. He was in
no way discouraged, but opened fire on them, and, being
taken by surprise, they were soon routed. This young lady
was Miss Henrietta Jackson ; and the family records show that
on the 12th of April, 1865, she became the bride of Captain
McBroom, and from that time she was the sharer of his joys
and sorrows. Six children blessed their union, three sons
and three daughters. Besides his widow and children, he is
survived by an aged sister.
[From a tribute by his friend and comrade, Thomas \\
ley, Commander of William E. Jones Camp, I'. C V .
don, Va.]
J VMES CnhsNUT, SR.
James Chesnut, Sr., died at the home of his daughter in
Gainesville, Fla., on February 15, 1916, at the age of eighty-
one years. He was one of the first settlers of Alachua County
and one of the most esteemed citizens of the State. He was
born at Camden, S. C, a son of John and Ellen W Chesnut
In 1856 he was married to Amelia M McCaa. of Camden, and
they removed to Florida in 1861. settling on a large plantation
near Alachua, and there they lived until a few years ago. when
they moved to Gaines\ille. When the War between the States
came on. Captain Chesnut entered the service of the Confed-
eracy and served throughout the four years of conflict as a
member of Company C. 2d Florida Cavalry. His death re-
moves the last of that company, which was under Capt. Wil-
liam Chambers. Returning home after the surrender, for
marly half a century he devoted his attention to his planta-
tion and became one of the most successful planters in the
State of Florida. For some years he was President of the
Bank of Alachua, resigning on account of advanced years.
He was highly regarded by people in all walks of life.
Deaths in Camp Stuart.
\ ic Reinhardt, Adjutant, reports losses in J. E. B. Stuart
Camp. Xo. 45. U. C. V. Terrell. Tex., for 1915:
W. C. Dennis, private. Company G. 12th Texas Cavalry
E. C. Perry, second lieutenant. Company K, 17th Texas In-
fantry.
W. N. Laney, private, Hoskins's Battery, Mississippi Artil-
lery.
J. S. Wall, private. 8th Tennessee Cavalry.
O. C. Phillips, private, Company D, 20th Texas Cavalry.
Members of the 41st Tennessee Infantry will be sorry to
learn of the death of Comrade J. T. Rowell. He belonged to
Company D and was a gallant, brave soldier, a good citizen,
and a Christian gentleman. He died in Terrell. Tex.. Feb-
ruary 20, 1916.
Deaih.-. in McElhaney Camp.
J. W. Bausell, Commander, reports the following deaths in
McElhaney Camp, U. C. V., Pulaski. Va. :
J. E. Boardman, 22d Virginia Cavalry.
H. W. Martin, first sergeant. Company C, 20th Virginia
Regiment.
Abel Smith, 21st Virginia Cavalry.
James Bartel, 37th Virginia Infantry.
These comrades were true and loyal soldiers and model
citizens.
1 82
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
IN MEMORY OF MY BROTHER.
(Published by request.)
Young as the youngest who donned the gray,
True as the truest that wore it,
Brave as the bravest he marched away
(Hot tears on the cheeks of his mother lay),
Triumphant waved our flag one day —
He fell in the front before it.
Firm as the firmest, w-here duty led
He hurried without a falter;
Bold as the boldest he fought and bled,
And the day was won — but the field was red —
And the blood of his fresh young heart was shed
On his country's hallowed altar.
On the trampled breast of the battle plain
Where the foremost ranks had wrestled,
On his pale, pure face not a mark of pain
(His mother dreams they will meet again),
The fairest form amid all the slain,
Like a child asleep he nestled.
In the solemn shades of the wood that swept
The field where his comrades found him,
They buried him there — and the big tears crept
Into strong men's eyes that had seldom wept.
(His mother — God pity her!— smiled and slept,
Dreaming her arms were around him.)
A grave in the woods with the grass o'ergrown,
A grave in the heart of his mother—
His clay in the one lies lifeless and lone;
There is not a name, there is not a stone,
And only the voice of the winds maketh moan
O'er the grave where never a flower is strewn,
But — his memory lives in the other.
— Father Ryan.
A BIG-HEARTED PRIEST.
BY COL. W. D. PICKETT, LEXINGTON, KV.
Recent circumstances have recalled to my mind certain in-
cidents of the early months of 1863 which, of no importance
in a military sense, prove that even when the dark clouds of
war envelop the land there will occasionally shine forth
bright spots to cheer and for the time dispel the clouds of
gloom.
The battle of Murfreesboro had been fought. On its blood-
stained fields there had fallen in killed and wounded about
twenty-five thousand gallant men. The two armies, as if ex-
hausted by their labors, appeared to have mutually agreed to
separate, the one going into winter quarters around Murfrees-
boro, the other around Tullahoma and Shelbyville. The smoke
of the battle field had scarcely raised, the sufferings of the
wounded had not ceased, when there came through the lines
to Tullahoma under a flag of truce a priest or bishop of the
Catholic Church from Nashville. On some mission of his
Church he was going as far south as Augusta and Savannah,
Ga. His arrival would not have attracted attention but for
the fact that before proceeding farther south he was allowed
to visit the different camps of the army and to deliver letters
that he had brought with him from Nashville. Before leav-
ing Nashville these letters had been collected from the families
and friends of soldiers of the Confederate army "on honor"
that they should contain no information of a military character
and that the seals should not be broken in passing the lines.
This stipulation was made with the consent of General Rose-
crans, commanding the Federal army, who was himself a de-
vout Roman Catholic. In delivering these letters the kindly
priest gave notice that he would return in a short time and
carry back through the lines all letters intrusted to him for
their relatives and friends in Nashville or elsewhere. At the
same time they were told that the letters might be sealed with
the permission of both army headquarters. "But remember,
boys, on your honor there must be no military information in
the letters."
I recall distinctly the appearance of this kindly priest, broad-
shouldered, slightly above medium height, rather portly in
appearance, and made the more so by his overcoat pockets
being stuffed full of letters. His countenance beamed with
bonhomie and good fellowship.
In due time he returned, collected the letters with the re-
newed injunction, "Now, on your honor, boys," and passed
back through the lines, his pockets more distended with let-
ters, if possible, than on his first appearance. Those letters
doubtless gave joy and gladness to the heart of many a
mother and wife and sweetheart of those gallant soldiers,
from whom the fortunes of war had so long separated them.
I was so impressed at the time that I have never forgotten
this big-hearted priest and grieve that his name has passed
from memory. It was an Irish name, and on glancing over
a sketch of Bishop Feehan he appeared to fit into the inci-
dent; but he did not reside in Nashville in 1S63. Perhaps
the records of his Church in Nashville would reveal the name
of this priest, who was then a resident of that city. His name
and this incident are worthy of being preserved in the records
of the war.
Willie Hardee.
The article in the January Veteran on "General Hardee's
Son" recalls to me one of the most deplorable incidents of
that bloody struggle. I was a member of General Hardee's
staff for the last three and a half years of the war and was
paroled at Greensboro, N. C, with the rank of colonel and
assistant inspector of General Hardee's corps, C. S. A. ; so 1
am familiar with the facts in relation to the death of Willie
Hardee. The statement in regard to his death is substan-
tially correct. He was never published as a member of the
staff, as he was too young. His father was very devoted to
his only son, and under the circumstances he naturally came
to his father for about two years before the end. I think,
however, it is a mistake to say that he had even enlisted in
any regiment. It was said that on his eighteenth birthday
he enlisted as a private in the 8th Texas Cavalry, one of the
most distinguished cavalry regiments of the Confederate
army. A few days after his enlistment the battle of Benton-
ville, N. C, was fought for the possession of an important
bridge, in which the Confederates were successful. In the
charge of his regiment, General Hardee leading it, Willie
Hardee was killed. It was sad, indeed, that in this last battle
of the war fought east of the Mississippi father and son were
forever separated by the enemy's bullets.
Willie Hardee was a noble boy. I was much attached to
him. as were all who knew him, and his death was deeply re-
gretted.
Qoijfedera
CAMP BEAUREGARD.
BY MRS. GEOKCE T. FULLER, MAYFIELD, KY.
Camp Beauregard is located one mile northeast of Water
valley, Ky., which is on the Louisville Division of the Illi-
nois Central Railroad, about midway between Louisville, Ky.,
and Memphis, Tenn. It was named in honor of General
Beauregard, who was at that- time in command of the W< 51
em division of the Confederate forces.
The loss of life while in camp was very heavy, caused by
camp diseases, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and cerebrospinal
meningitis. Dr. George C. Phillips, of Lexington, Miss., sur-
geon of the 22d Mississippi Infantry, who is now Holmes
County's health officer, says in a letter of recent date : "At
one time it looked as if every one was going to get sick. 1
renumber reporting seventy-five cases of typhoid fever and
typhoid pneumonia on one day. We were camped about a
mile from the other regiments of the brigade. I had no
communication with them, but learned from Dr. Mears that
their sick list and death rale were heavy. I had more than
I could attend to In the meantime cerebrospinal meningitis
attacked the troops, the 22>\ Mississippi firs*, the first man
dying in six hours. Two men came in from drill at noon
and while waiting for dinner were attacked, one falling over
in violent convulsions; the other began to roll his eyes, twist
his head, and then fell like one shot. Neither ever spoke again,
and before sundown both were dead. The men became de-
pressed and gloomj ! d come out to freht the enemies
A
THE PROPOSED CAMP BEAUREGARD MONUMENT.
t^ Vetera^). ,g3
■ t -heir country in human shape, but not in the form of fever
and pestilence."
The regiments stationed there the longest that suffered
with diseases and among which the loss was greatest were
the 1st Missouri Infantry, 25th or 1st Mississippi, 9th and 10th
Arkansas Infantry, and the 22d Mississippi. These regiments
were there most of the time the camp was occupied, which
was from September. 1861, to March, 1862. All the troops
stationed at Camp Beauregard were transient except these.
It is said that the 10th Arkansas lost over four hundred men.
Camp Beauregard was considered a very important fort on
account of its being so near the middle of the dividing line
between the Northern and Southern troops, this line of bat-
tle running from Columbus, Ky.. to Fort Donelson, Tenn.
There are six of our Southern - Alabama. Irkam
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee — whose sons
lie there in unmarked and unkept graves. The greater num-
ber of these graves are on a high hill : and if we had a mo
ment en e, say at least twenty-five feet high, it
be seeen from the surrounding country for miles
around. And. too. by erecting a monument there we would
preserve a Confederate historic point for future generations
which otherwise will eventually be forgotten. Here rest gal-
lant and brave sons of our Southland.
The generals under General Beauregard were General Al-
rn, who had mixed troops from Tennessee and Mississippi;
■ 11. in command of two Arkansas regiments; Gen-
Bifflc. in command of troops from Mississippi. Col. Clay
King was commander of the Kcntuckians, commonly known as
"Clay King's Hell Hounds." King's Battalion of Kentucky
Cavalry was con 1 i ell's, and Swan's com-
panies.
The following mp at Camp Beauregard
froi [86l, to March, 1862: 1st Missouri Infantry,
nmanded by Colonel Rich; 1st, 22d, and 25th Mississippi
Infantry. Hudson's Mississippi Battery, 9th Arkansas, com-
lel Dunlap; 101I1 Arkansas Infantry, com-
manded by Colonel Merrick ; 22d and 27th Tennessee In-
fantry. Neely's and Haywood's companies. Tennessee Cav-
alry, afterwards assigned to the 7th Tennessee Cavalry, and
William>'s Tennessei Battery; Beltzhoover's Louisiana Bat-
tery, three Alabama troops, which were afterwards merged
into the 1st Confederate Cavalry ; a Mississippi company,
commanded bj Colonel Bonham, who died there, but his body
was carried to his home; a Mississippi Valley regiment, com-
manded by Colonel Martin ; Colonel Logwood's battalion of
Tennessee cavalry. Col. Burrell Williams was in command
of a Mississippi regime el Russell, of the 12th Ten-
nessee; Captain Holt, of Murray, Ky., and Captain Outlaw,
of Moscow, Ky., in command of two Kentucky companies
Ex-Senator Mike Taylor, of Fulton, Ky., says: "There were
one or two companies from Florida there."
Camp Beauregard has been so long neglected that it has
been with much difficulty that this meager history of it has
been collected.
Camp Beauregard Mont mint Fund.
Amount previously reported $485 57
W. F. Spurlin. Camden. Ala. (souvenir blanket) 12 00
Robert Tyler Chapter, U. D. C. Hickman, Ky 10 00
New Orleans Chapter. U. D. C 10 00
J. P. May. Quitman. Mi-s t 00
Total contributions to January 28. 1916 $518 57
i84
Qopfederat^ 1/eterar)
CAPTURED GUNS AT LOSE JACK, MO.
BY JOHN S. KBITSER, TAYLOR, TEX.
I enlisted in Independence, Mo., in Capt. Upton Hays's com-
pany, which at the time belonged to Capt. W. C. Quantrill's
command and was with him in the battle of Lone Jack, Mo.
For the numbers engaged, that was as hard-fought a battle
as any during the war. Colonel Cockrell, of Johnson County,
Mo., commanded the raw volunteers on the Confederate side,
all untrained to the rattle of musketry and the shriek of
shells — all good farm boys, but Southern "until further or-
ders" and stayers from start to finish.
Colonel Smart, I think, was in command of the Federals.
We brought on the attack just as the first streaks of dawn
showed in the calm eastern skies. This was on the 16th of
August, 1862. The Federals had two pieces of artillery, and
the first time we charged them we were driven back to a
hedge fence of bois d'arc. We were armed with muzzle-load-
ing shotguns and old brindle-stock squirrel rifles and scant
ammunition at that. But those old shotguns, properly loaded
with buckshot, about twenty blue whistlers in each barrel, were
certainly angel makers; and when one of those old-time squir-
rel, deer, and turkey killers dropped on one knee as though
about to offer up supplications to the throne of divine grace,
threw his well-trained eye along the octagonal barrel of his
trusty "Betsy," eye well down in back and front sights on
that old fowling piece, and put his index finger on that old
and faithful hair trigger, there was sure to be meat in the pot
— in other words, a dead Yankee near the cannon.
We charged the guns and took them again, but again had
to fall back before the deadly fire of those improved guns
and six-shooters. But we again loaded our old-timers and
went at them like a biting sow, took the guns, and turned
them on the former owners and began to kill their horses to
keep those that were alive from making their everlasting es-
cape. Only a part of them got away and went like the devil
to Lexington, Mo., in Lafayette County. We buried the dead
next day and started south. We named our captured guns
the "Lone Jack" pieces, and General Shelby kept them in our
old brigade almost all the time until the close of hostilities.
Our gallant Hays was fated not to stay with us long, as he
was killed at Newtonia the day after we elected him colonel.
Our regiment lost four colonels during the war. When it was
over, I went with General Shelby and others to Old Mexico.
where Emperor Maximilian gave us land on which to start a
colony down at Cordova, in the coffee country. But when he
was killed by the Mexicans, or the Liberal party, as it was
called, that was the death knell to the coffee-raising into
which we intended to embark. We named our colony "Car-
lotta," after the empress. I then went to Havana with my old
captain, M. M. Langhorne, my brother Martin, Tom Collins.
Holbert Cole, and Henry Chiles, and from there to New York
and back to our old Independence home.
A large number, if not quite all, of the dear old boys who
in the long ago answered to the roll when their names were
called have long since answered to the last roll call. We are
all old now, those who are living, and in a few years more
we will join our old comrades and answer "Present" when
the roll is called up yonder. I was seventy-three years old
on the nth of last July. I wrote out the muster roll of old
Company E, 2d Missouri Cavalry, General Shelby's brigade
and division, from memory after fifty years. I have been a
subscriber to the Veteran for a long time and always read
everything in it.
EIGHTH 'IEXAS CAVALRY AT BENTONVILLE.
BY M. J. DAVIS. GAINESVILLE, TEX.
The January number of the Veteran gives an account of
the death of General Hardee's son at Bentonville, N. C. I
was in that engagement and, I suppose, near him when he
received his death wound. I was a member of Cummings's
Georgia Brigade. More than -half of our command were
captured at Nashville, and we had only one hundred and
fifty-two in the brigade at Bentonville. When we moved
from Mississippi to South Carolina, at Orangeburg, we were
separated from the division and joined Hardee's troops on
their retreat from Charleston. We were sent as a guard for
a train of artillery to Smithfield, N. C, and were there when
the fight of the 19th of March took place. On the 20th we
went down to Bentonville and lay in reserve until about four
o'clock in the afternoon of the 21st, when a courier dashed
up to Colonel Henderson, and we were ordered into line at
once, double-quicked back to a point near Bentonville, and
then faced east. We soon met a few cavalry and then struck
a line of infantry that had just begun to intrench. They fled
back to their second line, leaving a line of ditching tools and
knapsacks as far as we could see in the open piny woods. We
had passed this line some thirty or forty yards when they
began to pepper us at a lively rate. We halted some eighty
yards away, and all that could got behind trees. We were
giving them the best that we had in our shop, when we heard
a yell to our right, and the 8th Texas Cavalry, some twenty-
five or thirty strong, dashed by us at breakneck speed right
into the line of infantry, but few of them got back.
Gen. J. E. Johnston says in his "Narrative" that General
Hardee's only son, a noble youth of sixteen years, was at-
tached to the 8th Texas Cavalry and was mortally wounded
there. The Federals began to close in on us from both sides,
and we had to get out in a hurry. We fell back to the edge
of a field, where we met Generals Johnston, Hardee, and
Wade Hampton. It was the first time we had seen "Old Joe"
since he was relieved of his command at Atlanta. We gave
him three cheers. He raised his hat and spoke some words
that I failed to catch, but some that were nearer him said
he told Colonel Henderson to compliment that brigade for
him; that they had saved the army. That set us on fire again,
and we would have charged Old Nick himself if Joe Johnston
had ordered us to.
About that time a battery dashed up, and an officer called
for twelve volunteers from our ranks to support the battery
that was preparing to advance. I lined up with the guard ;
but a cousin, who was wounded in the leg, saw me and hob-
bled around to beg me not to go with the guard, as he was
wounded and had to go to the rear, and his brother Willis
and I were all of our kindred left. I broke down and told
him I could not go with the guard, but would stay with his
brother. Cheatham's Division soon got there and went for-
ward. It began to rain, and there was only heavy skirmish-
firing that evening. That night Johnston withdrew his forces
from Bentonville.
Reconstruction. — The "Reconstruction of the South" was,
on the part of the people of the North at large, simply that
which in national life is more than a crime, a blunder. On the
part of the leaders who planned it and carried it through it
was a cool, deliberate, calculated act, violative of the terms
on which the South had surrendered and disbanded her broken
armies. — Thomas Nelson Page.
^oipfederat^ l/eterar?.
185
ACTIVE SERVICE AND PRISO.X.
Lewis E. Simpson, of Alexandria, Tenn., who has been an
interested patron of the Veteran from its beginning, entered
the Confederate service in his nineteenth year, in February.
1861, becoming a member of Company F, 24th Tennessee In-
fantry. This regiment was formed at Murfreesboro and wen)
from that place to Bowling Green, Ky., then to Corinth, Miss..
in 1862. After taking part in the battle of Shiloh, it went back
to Corinth and was in the battle there, going thence to Tupel"
for a while and then on a raid with General Bragg by Atlanta,
Birmingham, and Nashville, into Kentucky, taking part in the
LEWIS E. SIMPSON
battle of Perryville. It was then sent to Camp Hick Robin-
son and from there, bj way of Cumberland (lap. back to Ten-
nessee and was in the fight at Murfreesboro. Going next to
Chattanooga, the regiment took part in the battle of CI
mauga and was then al Missionary Ridge, where Comrade
Simpson was taken prisoner in front of Bragg'1- headquarters.
He was sent to Nashville and placed in the Zollicoffer Bar-
racks; from there he was sent to Rock Island, where he
stayed for fifteen months. During the time he was so afflicted
with rheumatism that his release was at last obtained by spe-
cial petition to President Lincoln, and he returned home in
March. [865 He was slightly wounded by a shell during his
service.
EXPLOSIVE BULLETS:
BY JAMES A. 1-VONS. GLADE SPRING, VA.
Members of Strahl's and Maney's Brigades will have no
difficulty in recalling our rear guard engagement with Scho-
Itcld's advance at the Octagon house, near Adairsville. Ga..
in May. 1804. In the race for a rail fence about midway be-
tween the opposing forces we reached it first and drove the
enemy back to the shelter of the woods. Our line was stub-
bornly held in the face of a galling fire until nightfall. Or-
ders to retire were received about ten or eleven o'clock.
Three of our regiment, 19th Tennessee, were killed and num-
bers wounded.
While under orders to reserve our fire in anticipation of a
charge by the enemy 1 distinctly heard several times over-
head snaps from passing bullets much like the bursting of a
musket cap. Suspecting explosive bullets, I gave the matter
close attention. Immediately following the sound indicated
in one instance. I saw where something from the bullet mak-
ing it struck the ground, shaking blades of wheat there about
six inches high. At imminent risk of being shot I crawled
back and searched for the fragment of what I was sure was
an exploded bullet, but failed to locate it. Later observation
of Federal ammunition convinced me that it must have been
the Williams patent bullet, referred to on page 95 of the Feb-
ruary Veteran.
Mr. Ranncrman's description of it is so clearly at fault as
to indicate his misunderstanding of Brig. Gen. John Pitman,
of the United States Ordnance Department. With one of
these bullets before me as I write, 1 am prepared to say that
the "plug" was of lead, not zinc ; that the object of the plug
was not "to expand the lead bullet into taking the spiral rifle
grooves of the barrel," but primarily at least to expand the
zinc disk between the plug and the bullet so that it scraped
the bore clean in its passage through the barrel. My recol-
lection is that there was one Williams bullet in each package
of rifle cartridges, as shown in captured ammunition.
Such bullets were more dangerous than the ordinary pat-
tern in that the two lead parts were capable of inflicting
wounds by separation before striking, also by complicating a
wound by separation after striking, and especially from lia-
bility of poisoning from the zinc disk if overlooked in prob-
ing the wound. I saw: these three pieces drawn one at a
time from wounds inflicted by the Williams bullet. As il-
lustrative of the tendency suggested, at Shy's Hill. Nashville,
Tenn., the plug of one of those bullets was left in my neck
handkerchief after the passage of the ball just under my chin.
SONS OF MARYLAND
EASTON. '
Talbot County. Md., has a just pride in her contribution of
men to the Confederate cause. Of the eighty-six men that
left this county and devoted their services to the Confed-
eracy, we gave Admiral Franklin Buchanan, chief of the
Confederate navy: Dr. Edward Napoleon Covey, surgeon
general of the cavalry; Gen. Charles Sydney Winder, killed
at Cedar Mountain ; Gen. Lloyd Tilghman, killed at Baker's
Crossing, near Vicksburg; Col. A. B. Hardcastle. who com-
manded a Mississippi regiment; Col. CI ^ear-. who
commanded a North Carolina regiment ; Mai. A. C. C.
Thompson, of the 3d Georgia Regiment; Cap) John W. Ben-
nett, who commanded a gunboat in the battle of Mobile and
made a desperate fight, finally sinking his boat to prevent her
capture; Capt. Oswald Tilghman. who was in Fort Edward
at the time of its surrender ; Lieut. John Leeds Tilghman,
Lieut. Robert H. Goldsborough, and Lieut. William Byus.
This was a percentage of prominent commissioned officers
that didn't often fall to such a small number of men.
The schoolmates of many of these boys have had a granite
monument erected on the public square of Easton in their
honor, and the names of those young men are .ill carved on
the monument. A bronze statue will be placed on it in May.
This will be modeled on Longfellow's "Excelsior," a youth
bearing a banner, symbolic of youthful enthusiasm and cour-
age. A few of our Confederates still survive.
1 86
(^o^federat^ Veterai}.
80N3 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized in July, iSofi, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, iqts-ib.
Commander in Cliief, W. X. Brandon, Little Rock, Ark.
Adjutant In Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
STAFF.
Inspector in Cliief, A.J. "Wilson, Little Rock, Ark.
Quartermaster in Chief, Edwin A. Taylor, Memphis, Tenn.
Commissary in Chief, Ben Watts, Cave Spring, Ga.
Judge Advocate in Chief, M. E. Dunnawav, Little Kock, Ark.
Surgeon in Chief, Dr. J. Garnett King, Fredericksburg, Va.
J. Cleveland Hall, Danville, Va
Chaplain in Chief, Re
Historian in Cliief, Dr.
['nomas M. Owen, Montgomery, Ala,
DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS.
Armv of Northern Virginia Department, Rmest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Army of Tennessee Department, John S. Cleghorn, Summerville, Ga.
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Department, Creed Caldwell, Pine Bluff, Ark,
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
W. N. Brandon, Little Rock, Ark., Chairman.
C. Seton Fleming, Jacksonville, Fla., Secretary.
P. J. Mullen, Rome, Ga.
Edgar Scurrv, Wichita Falls, Tex.
F. R. Fravel, Ballston, Va.
Seymour Stewart, St. Louis, Mo.
COMMITTEES.
Relic) Committee: A. D. Smith, Jr., Chairman, FayetteviUe, W. Va.
Monument Committee : R. B. Haughton, Chairman, St. Louis, Mo,
Finance Committee : W. McDonald Lee, Chairman, Irvington, Va,
DIVISION COMMANDERS.
Alabama, Adolph D. Bloch, Mobile.
Arkansas, A. W. Parke, Little Rock.
California, H. P. Watkins, Los Angeles.
Colorado, A. D. Marshall, Denver.
District of Columbia, Charles 11. Keel, Washington.
Eastern, Percy C. Magnus, New York, N. V.
Florida, W. W. Harriss, Ocala.
Georgia, J. S. Palmer, Macon.
Kentucky, Logan N. Rock, Louisville.
Louisiana, J. W. McWilliams, Monroe.
Maryland, ■— —
Mississippi, George C. Mvers, Jackson.
Missouri, Colin M. Selph, St. Louis.
North Carolina, Dr. J. M. Northington, Boardman.
Oklahoma, Merritt J. Glass, Tulsa.
Pacific, Merritt F. Gilmer, Seattle, Wash.
South Carolina, Weller Rothrock, Aiken.
Southwest, Carl Hinton, Silver City, N. Mex.
Tennessee, W. C. Chandler, Memphis.
Texas, W. R. Blain. Beaumont.
Virginia, Dr. J. C. King, Fredericksburg.
West Virginia, E. R. Garland, Huntington.
[This department is conducted by N. B. Forrest, Adjutant in Chief S. C. V.,
Biloxi, Miss., to whom all communications and inquiries should be addressed.]
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.
Adjutant in Chief Forrest is busily engaged preparing for
the coming Reunion. Muster rolls for the return of the
per capita tax have been forwarded to all the Camps, and the
officers of the Camps are urged to see that these rolls are
tilled out and returned to headquarters without delay.
A special appeal has been made to the Alabama Sons to
organize, and efforts are being made to reinstate every dead
Camp in that Division. Organization papers have been for-
warded to every Veteran Camp and every U. D. C. Chapter
in the State with the request that they aid in forming Camps.
Several amendments to the constitution have been for-
warded to headquarters and will be sent to all the Camps
thirty days prior to the Reunion, as required by the constitu-
tion. All comrades or Camps having amendments that they
desire to present to the convention are requested to send them
to Adjutant Forrest without delay, or they will not be con-
sidered.
The Committee on Marking the Battle Fields is now being
appointed, and as soon as completed notice of same will be
forwarded to all the Camps in the Confederation. This is
one of the most important committees ever recommended by
the organization, as upon it will devolve the work of raising
the funds to mark the battle fields and historical points of
the South. Special care is being exercised in the selection
of this committee, as it will be permanent and will have to
solicit the support of all sections. Dr. Clarence Julian Owens,
of Washington, D. C, has been appointed General Chair-
man. Dr. Owens was Commander in Chief of the S. C. V.
for two terms and is now Managing Director of the South-
ern Commercial Congress.
An important resolution will be introduced at the Birming-
ham convention by Adjutant Forrest providing for the ap-
pointment of a committee whose duty it shall be to prepare
a pamphlet on the histories now in use in the schools and col-
leges. This pamphlet will take up all the histories by name,
outlining clearly and concisely any objections to them, so that
all objectionable and sectional histories may be eliminated.
It is proposed to have thousands of copies of this pamphlet
printed for distribution throughout the South, and the or-
ganization' is pledged to aid in removing all histories that do
not tell the truth. A fight will be made upon all partisan
and sectional histories, as the Confederation realizes that no
real progress can be made until a fair and impartial history
is introduced. Prominent historians and writers from all
sections are invited and urged to attend the convention and
aid in the movement,
A special invitation has been given the Past Commanders
in Chief of the S. C. V. to attend the Birmingham Reunion.
These officers are as follows : J. E. B. Stuart, Newport News,
Va. ; Robert A. Smythe and Walter Colquitt, Atlanta, Ga. ;
Biscoe Hindman, Chicago, 111. ; R. B. Haughton, St. Louis,
Mo. ; Thomas P. Stone, Waco, Tex. ; W. McL. Fayssoux,
New Orleans, La. ; N. R. Tisdal, Tyler, Tex. ; Thomas M.
Owen, Montgomery, Ala. ; J. W. Apperson, Biloxi, Miss. ;
Clarence J. Owens, Washington, D. C. ; J. P. Norfieet, Mem-
phis, Tenn. ; W. W. Old, Jr., Norfolk, Va. ; Seymour Stewart,
St. Louis, Mo.
It is proposed to organize the Past Commanders into a
board of directors, so that they may aid in the work of the
organization.
The constitution requires that all Department, Division,
Brigade, and Staff officers send in a written report thirty
days prior to the Reunion. The attention of all officers is
called to this provision, and they are requested to comply
with same and forward their reports to Adjutant Forrest.
Special attention is called to the prize offer of Mrs. T. J.
Latham, of Memphis, in which a cash prize is to be given to
the member submitting the best essay on "The Causes That
Led to the War between the States," as outlined in General
Order No. 3, copies of which were mailed to all Camps and
officers. All members of the Confederation are urged to
compete for this prize, all papers to be mailed to Adjutant
Forrest by April 15. Papers must be accompanied by a cer-
tificate signed by the Commander or Adjutant of an active
Camp stating that the comrade is a member in good standing.
Army of Northern Virginia Department.
Department Commander Baldwin is working hard to get
his department in shape. He is keeping in close touch with
his Division and Brigade Commanders and rendering them all |
the assistance possible. Special attention is called to his
General Order No. 4, giving the amount of pensions paid the
Confederate soldiers in that section.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
187
Army of Tennessee Department.
Comrade John S. Cleghorn, recently appointed Commander
of the Tennessee Department, is reorganizing that depart-
ment. He is in daily touch with his Division Commanders
and has been of great assistance to them in their work. He
has written personal letters to every Camp in Alabama and
Georgia urging them to send delegates to Birmingham.
CONFEDERATION NOTES.
Alabama Division.
Division Commander Block is actively at work reorganizing
the Alabama Division. Brigade Commanders R. E. L. Niel,
of Montgomery, and R. F. McConnell, of Attalla, are giving
him loyal support and advise that they are organizing sev-
eral new Camps in their department. Special efforts are
being made to reinstate all of the dead Camps in Alabama, so
that they may be prepared to take part in the Reunion.
Arkansas Division.
Division Commander A. W. Parke, of Little Rock, has
promised a live Camp of Sons for every county in that State.
He has recently written several hundred letters to points in
the State offering to visit any town that would call a meeting
for the purpose of forming a Camp. The Little Rock Camp
expects to report fully five hundred members at Birmingham
District of Columbia Division.
The most active Camp in the Confederation is the Washing-
ton Camp at Washington, D. C. This Camp holds regular
monthly meetings that are attended by many of the most
prominent men in Washington. At these meetings historical
papers are read by the members and the subjects discussed.
Every meeting of the Camp results in adding new members.
They also take an active part in the social life of the capital,
the annual ball given by the Camp being one of the season's
most brilliant affairs and is largely attended by representa-
tive Southerners.
Georgia Division.
Commander Palmer, of the Georgia Division, is making a
determined effort to bring his Division to the front and is
receiving the support of Department Commander Cleghorn
and Comrade Mullen, a member of the Executive Council.
He has enlisted the aid of his friends among the National
Guard throughout the State and expects to show a decided in-
crease in the number of Camps.
Louisiana Division.
Division Commander McWilliams reports the appointment
of the following officers : S. B. Kennedy, Lake Providence.
Commander First Brigade; Lauren Dickson, New Orleans,
Commander Second Brigade ; W. M. Barrow, Baton Rouge,
Commander Third Brigade ; Samuel Levy, Lake Charles.
Commander Fourth Brigade; Edmund Maurin, Donaldson-
ville, Commander Fifth Brigade. Efforts are being made fo
reinstate a number of the inactive Camps, and a large at-
tendance from this Division is expected at Birmingham.
Mississippi Division.
Comrade E. N. Scudder, of Mayersville, formerly a mem-
ber of the Executive Council, has been appointed Commander
of the Mississippi Division. Mississippi ranked second in
number of Camps at the Richmond Reunion, and Commander
Scudder intends to capture first honors this year. Both the
Veterans and the U. D. C. have promised their support in
organizing Camps all over the State.
North Carolina Division.
Commander Northington, of the North Carolina Division,
has aroused more interest in the work of the Sons than has
been manifested in his State in many years. New Camps are
now being organized at several points. The Daughters,
through their President, Mrs. Little, are rendering assistance
in the work and are now organizing half a dozen new Camps.
Oklahoma Division.
Merritt J. Glass, of Tulsa, Okla., Commander of the Okla-
homa Division, has appointed William Hailey, of McAlester,
as Commander of the Eastern Brigade and Tate Brady, of
Tulsa, Commander of the Indian Brigade. All of these of-
ficers are actively at work reorganizing their departments,
and Oklahoma expects to report fifty Camps at the Birming-
ham Reunion. Tulsa, Okla., will invite the Veterans and
Sons to meet in that city in 1917.
The Stand Watie Camp at Tulsa has elected Comrade R.
A. Josey as Commander and expects to have fully three hun-
dred members by May 1. Comrade Josey is a Texan and had
seven uncles, both grandfathers, and his father in the Con-
federate service.
Virginia Division.
Dr. J. Garnett King, Commander of the Virginia Division,
expects a large representation from his State at the Reunion.
He has been ably supported by Comrade Cary, Commander
of the Fourth Brigade, who is now organizing a number of
new Camps in his Brigade. The Fredericksburg Camp ex-
pects to have fully one hundred men in uniform at Birming-
ham.
WASHINGTON CAMP.
Washington Camp, No. 305, is manifesting much interest in
the coming Reunion to be held in Birmingham, Ala., next
May. The Camp will be represented by a large delegation,
including many prominent men in official life.
Washington Camp has had a splendid opportunity this year
"f keeping in very
close touch with the
officers of the general
organization through
two very active men
who are members of
the Camp and also on
the staff of N. B.
Forrest. Adjutant in
Chief — namely, Com-
rade Frank Russell
Fravel, member of the
Executive Council,
and Comrade James
Roy Price, Assistant
Adjutant in Chief
and Chairman of the
Confederate Vet-
eran Subscription
Committee. These
men have been the
instigators of many
good moves that this
Camp has taken up
f. r fravel. and pushed forward.
i88
Qo^federat^ l/eterai).
OUR •'DIXIE LAND."
BY JAMES T. HARRISON, COLUMBUS, MISS.
In the past few months many favorable comments have
come through our great official organ, the Confederate Vet-
eran, in reference to Dr. M. B. Wharton's words sung to the
tune of "Dixie." The first time these beautiful words were
ever rendered on an official occasion was in Birmingham.
Ala., in 1908, during the Confederate Reunion there. Mrs.
J. Griff Edwards, of Portsmouth, Va. (now Mrs. Hampden
Osborne), leader and organizer of the Confederate Choirs,
rendered the song at the afternoon session of the first great
meeting of the U. C. V. Mrs. Osborne says :
"For many years I had tried to find appropriate words
which the Confederate Choir might sing to the tune of 'Dixie.'
'Dixie' was immortal, but how could the senseless doggerel
be immortalized as written by Emmett? Many poems were
sent me from North, South, East, and West. After carefully
studying each one and weighing well its merit, I finally de-
cided on the now famous poem as written by Dr. M. B.
Wharton. When I first read the stanza,
' 'Tis the land where rules the Anglo-Saxon,
The land of Davis, Lee, and Jackson,'
I felt that the goal of my ambition had been reached. How
grand it would be to further glorify these beloved heroes
through the immortal strain of 'Dixie' ! 'Song forbids glori-
ous deeds to die.' As a leader of the Confederate Choirs I
accepted these words. With a heart filled with anxiety as to
how they would be received, I appeared before the enormous
throng which filled the auditorium in Birmingham and gave
to the world these beautiful words to the tune of 'Dixie.'
When I stepped to the front of the great platform, every
nerve in my frail body quivered, and a wretched feeling of
nervous dread took hold of me. I sang the first stanza, and
a great applause greeted my ears. Could it be true? I tried
the second verse as best I could. The applause grew greater;
and when I reached the glorious part where the tribute of
homage and love was paid to our great heroes, Davis, Lee,
and Jackson, the audience burst forth in a tumultuous voice
of acceptance and appreciation. With tear-dimmed eyes and
trembling form I simply stood amazed. Hundreds and hun-
dreds of dear old veterans rushed to the platform and ex-
pressed their approval and appreciation1 of the song. My ef-
fort had been crowned with success. 'Dixie Land' should
live on and on in the future through these immortal words.
At each session during the great gatherings in Birmingham
I was requested to sing that same 'Dixie Land.' How my
heart, which had so ached with painful anxiety, swelled with
pride when I realized that the victory was won ! Ever since
then the Confederate Choirs have sung those same words to
the tune of 'Dixie' and have always been received with the
greatest enthusiasm.
"Thus began the use of Dr. Wharton's now famous poem,
which he gave to the Confederate Choirs and which I have
been singing ever since. I'm glad I live in Dixie."
Edward Fontaine, of Charlottesville, Va., asks that any one
who has a copy of the poem, "All Quiet Along the Potomac
To-Night," with date of its earliest issue, will kindly com-
municate with him. The authorship of this poem has long
been in dispute, the claim of Maj. Lamar Fontaine, of Missis-
sippi, being credited by the South, while Northern publications
give the credit to Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers, of Massachusetts.
MISS FANNIE MARR, POET.
BY J. E. COPELAND, M.D., ROUND HILL, VA.
The poem, "My Suit of Confederate Gray," published
anonymously on page 489 of the Veteran for November,
was written years ago by Miss Fannie H. Marr, of Warren-
ton, Fauquier County, Va. The poem was originally pub-
lished in the Baltimore Sun and duly accredited to its author,
and it was then copied by a number of newspapers in the
South, as its sentiment struck a responsive chord in the
hearts of those who sympathized with the Confederate cause.
Miss Marr has written a number of other poems, some of
which were published in the Baltimore Sun. Of one of them,
"Memorial Flowers," the editor of the paper in which it was
published wrote : "It glows with poetic fire." On February
4, 1907, the poem on "My Suit of Confederate Gray" was
again published in the Sun, this time being signed by a citi-
zen of Baltimore. The plagiarism was promptly exposed.
Miss Fannie H. Marr is a sister of the John Quincy Marr
who was a member of the Secession Convention of Virginia
and captain of the Warrenton Rifles. He was killed in an
engagement with a detachment of fifty or sixty men of the
2d United States Cavalry, commanded by Lieut. Charles H.
Tompkins, at Fairfax Courthouse, Va., on June I, 1861, being
the first Confederate soldier killed in an engagement with
the enemy in the War between the States. For an account of
this engagement see reports of Lieutenant Tompkins, U. S.
A., Brig. Gen. M. L. Bonham, C. S. A., and Lieut. Col.
(afterwards Lieut. Gen.) Richard S. Ewell, C. S. A., in com-
mand of the post at Fairfax Courthouse, in "Official Records
of the Union and Confederate Armies," Series I., Volume II.,
page 59, et seq.
A GREAT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
One of the great needs of the South has been a thorough
single-volume history of the United States. Some of the
requisites of such a history are absolute fairness to all sec-
tions, due proportion in setting forth events, a clear state-
ment of the principles, political and social, involved in th
progress of the republic, and all put in an interesting, reai
able style, so arranged as to make it easy to refer to an;
particular event.
These important qualities are met and satisfied in a "History
of the United States," by Matthew Page Andrews, of Balti-
more. It is in one volume, i2mo, and has three hundred am
seventy-eight pages, with forty-eight pages of Appendix. It
published by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. Th
author is a Southern man, a Virginian, with New Englan
ancestors, and he does justice to the South and her part ii
the formation and establishment of the republic and in her
great fight for the Constitution in 1861-65. He also does
justice to the sturdy virtues of the Northern States and to
the courage and devotion of their soldiers who fought for the
Union. There are elaborate histories of our country in many
volumes, which few have time to read. There are smaller
histories written mainly from a partisan standpoint, which
give perverted views of our history. This is the fairest that I
have seen. It is commended by prominent men North and
South. Gen. Horatio King and Charles Francis Adams, as
well as Southerners, have commended it.
J. H. McNeilly, D.D.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
189
HISTORY OF THE KU-KLUX KLAN.
The article on the Ku-Klux Klan appearing in this num-
ber of the Veteran will be especially appreciated at this time,
when so much interest in that mysterious organization has
been aroused by the presentation of that wonderful photo play.
"The Birth of a Nation," which is founded on the operations
of the Klan in South Carolina. The writer of the article,
Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, ex-President of the Mississippi Division,
U. D. C, is widely known for her historical work and espe-
cially for her history of the Ku-Klux Klan, which has been
issued in book form for use in our schools so the coming
generations of the South may be properly informed of the pur-
poses of such an organization, heretofore so little understood
even by many who were benefited by its existence. The book
has been unanimously indorsed by Confederate organizations
and adopted as supplementary reading in some of our schools.
The many favorable comments on and indorsements of the
work show that its need has been felt.
Mrs. Rose very kindly prepared this article by special re-
quest of the Veteran, that the general search for information
on the subject now could be met largely in tins way Her
book gives this history more in detail, includes letters from
the charter members, a sketch of Gen. X. B. Forrest, leader
of the Klan, and is attractively illustrated. It is Jity-
five cents, postpaid. Send orders to Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, \\ < si
Point, Miss.
"GRANDMOTHER STORIES FROM THE LAND OF
USED-TO-BE."
A book that has elicited much favorable comment is this
collection of stories of American valor and heroism from the
War of the Revolution to the War between the States which
is published under the title of "Grandmother Stories from the
Land of Used-to-Bc." The author, Howard Meriwether
Lovett, is due much credit for the pleasing style of these
stories, which makes them enjoyable as reading while being
instinctive on certain historical lines. 1 >eeds of valor long lost
sight of and the inventions and discoveries of certain of our
men of genius are thus preserved for the present and future
generations. As the book becomes more widely known it is
the more highly appreciated. The author is having some
trouble arising from misquotation of the title and infringe-
ment of her copyright, and she asks that it be referred to as
"Grandmother Stories" when it is necessary to .shorten the
(title rather than to use the latter part of it, as that does not
[identify it. The book is handled exclusively by the Columbian
I Book Store, Publishers. 81-83 Whitehall Street. Atlanta, Ga.,
|:he only distributing point. The price is $1.50. postpaid.
CONFEDERATE MONEY.
Don't fail to respond to the request of Paymaster-General
'■ M. Williams, of Memphis. Tenn., for Confederate money
vith which to settle the "back pay" of Confederates during
he Reunion in Birmingham. This is a unique and popular
•eature of the Reunion, and all who have these old bills are
kSrnestly urged to donate them for this purpose. These bills
re highly appreciated souvenirs of the Reunion.
THE OFFICIAL BADGE.
The official badge for the Birmingham Reunion consists of
a medallion representing a bale of cotton, Alabama's great
staple, and on this are printed the place and time of the Re-
union. On the red and white ribbon pendant arc printed the
name of the wearer's Division, place, name, and number of
his Camp. It is neat and comprehensive and will make a most
desirable souvenir of the Reunion. Send your order to Gen.
William E. Micklc, Adjutant General U. C. V., New Orleans,
La., at the following prices : Single badge, 50 cents ; three to
five, 35 cents each ; in lots of six to fifty, 25 cents each ; fifty
to one hundred, 22 cents each ; more than one hundred, 20
cents each.
THE REUNION NUMBER.
The Veteran for May will be the special Reunion number
and will be devoted largely to Alabama history, in honor of the
State where the Reunion is to be held. The part taken by the
State in the stirring days of 1861-65, the loyalty of her people,
their stern courage and patriotism, will be recorded in this
number by some of the best writers of the State, whose gifted
pens could find no more congenial subject. This history, with
appropriate and attractive illustrations, will make the number
an interesting souvenir of the Birmingham Reunion of 1916.
To Widows of United Slates Officers Who Entered the Con-
federate Serz-icc: Write me and hear of something that may
be of pecuniary advantage. Pesky M. de Leon,
The Toronto, Washington, D. C.
60 Candle Power
MAZDAS
— best for reading
These new lamps give over
tkree times the light of old-
style 16-candle-power lamps
— but cost no more to burn
36c. at All Dealers
190
^o^federat^ l/eterai}.
^?«fS#jr
BgBMh Eai Srittj aad CHhcr Eg
gg En^fly an J Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who wen
formerly deaf, now hear
distinctly every sound —
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
; little devices, scientific
r cally constructed for
_J that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
•ft en called little Wireless Phones far the Ears**
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective bearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums,
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds.
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums,
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength-
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer |
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousands of others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 163 page Book on Deaf.
■•at— giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
738 Inter-Southern Bldg. LOUISVILLE, KY.
INFORMATION Regarding
GRAVES of CONFEDERATE
PRISONERS OF WAR
who died in the hands af the Union
forces is requested by the War De-
partment in orderthat these graves
shall receive national attention.
Please write, giving name of the
soldier or sailor and burial place, to
Dr. Samuel E. Lewis, Commissioner
Army Medical Library Building
Washington, D. C.
OFFICIAL U. C.V.
SOCIETY BUTTON
For camp members, their wives
and daughters only. Price, gold, $1; plated,
50 cents each. Address
J. F. SHIPP, Q. M. Gen., U. C. V.
Chattanooga, Tennessee
"LIFE OF GEN. STAND WAT IE."
Mrs. Mabel W. Anderson, of Pryor,
Okla., has written a book on the life of
General Watie, the only Indian briga-
dier general in the Confederate army,
which also gives all the Confederate his-
tory of the Indian Territory. The book
should be of great interest to all South-
erners and to the lovers of history as
well. Price, 55 cents, postpaid. Send
all orders to the author.
Mrs. S. L. Love, R. R. No. 1, Box
io-A, Chattanooga, Tenn., would like to
hear from any surviving comrade or
friend of Fount P. Hurvey, who served
in the 3d Arkansas Cavalry and who
was stationed for a while at the begin-
ning of the war near Kingston, Tenn.
Mrs. Robert J. Baldridge 67 West
Oak Street, Denton, Tex., wishes to cor-
respond with some veteran who remem-
bers her husband, who enlisted at Mur-
freesboro, Tenn. She does not know
his command, but thinks he was in the
infantry. He was a prisoner at Camp
Chase for many months.
R G. King, of Bailey, Miss., writes
that in September, 1864, four Johnnies
charged a picket post of four Yanks on
the east side of the Chattahoochee River.
One was killed and the others captured.
They were then fired on by other Yan-
kee pickets and retreated with their
prisoners. He wants to know if any of
these men are still living.
S. G. Frazier, of Sale Creek, Tenn.,
in order to help J. W. Gentry get a
pension, wants information concerning
the whereabouts of Jerre Connaway or
his family. The last heard of him he
was living in Murray County, Ga., near
Springplace. He would also like to hear
from any member of Company A, 8th
Battalion of Georgia Infantry.
Mrs. Ella Gibbons Rowland, 1109
Lindsay Avenue, Gainesville, Tex.,
wants to hear from some comrade who
remembers her father, W. T. Gibbons,
first lieutenant 14th Texas Regiment.
He was wounded in the battle of Nash-
ville and died in the Federal hospital.
She has a letter to her father signed by
Margaret Chaffin, Columbia, Tenn.
Dr. George B. Howard, of Mound
City, 111., in order to get a pension for
the widow of Sergt. A. J. Simmons,
wants to communicate with any of the
following: Lieutenant Hale, of Com-
pany F; Lieutenant Yarbrough, of Com-
pany C; Lieutenant Owens, of Company
G; Sergeant Harding, of Company H;
Sergeant Barnes, of Company E — all de-
tailed in 1864 from the 3d Regiment of
Kentucky Mounted Infantry, with other
officers from the Army of Tennessee and
Mississippi, to see that the conscript law
was enforced in the mountains of Ala-
bama, Tennessee, Georgia, and Ken-
tucky. Information is wanted as to
whether they were captured, discharged,
or what became of them.
->ronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
I //it. sir sited booklet sent on request.
CtNFElERATE VETERA*
UNIFORMS
Highest Quality Lowest Price*
Tailor-Made to Your Measure
Send tor Catalogue No. 341 and
cloth samples.
The Pettitone Ins. Mfg. C«.
CI N CI N N ATI
S§^/^"
THB BEST PLACE
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
of all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
ana* all kinds of Military Equipment and
Society Goads la at
Joel Flag £. Regalia Co., 57 E 96th St
Send tor Price List New York City
GREAT SEAL OF
CONFEDERATE STATES
Maftnificeot, beautifully colored reproduc-
tion of the Great Seal of the Confederate
States, eighteen inches in diameter, suitable
for framing. $1.00.
History of (he Great Seal and Manifesto of
the Confederate Congress declaring disposi*
tioos, principles, and purposes of the Confed-
erate States in relation to war with the United
States. 50 cents.
ANNIE PAYNE PILLOW
2424 Pa. Ave. Washington, D. C.
Qopfederat^ l/eteran.
191
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest Is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antletam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. 1 Bull Run , and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va,
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin :: :: :: ::
No. 2270.
Cold-Plated $0.2 S
■tolled Cold SO
Solid Gold 1.00
Solid Gold, Heavy Weigh! COO
14 Kt. Gold, Heavy Weight 3.00
POSTPAID
Special prlcee on half doten or more. Illuatreted
price Hal of Flage and Confederate Noveltlea aent
on requeet.
Catalogue* of Medals, Class Pins, Rings, Tro-
phies, Loving Cups, and Banners now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPAGE
1327 F St. N. W.t Washington, D. C.
Vi«1t our Camp lloom irhrn in Washington
Fester Hi{a Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is In a class »t Itself.
The cheapest known means ef
pumping water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring
water by meaas of
a branch or creek
water.
It mis automatically and continuously.
Every one al>solutelv ruaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEV C. FOSTER, Nashville, Taam.
STAMPS WANTED
Cash paid for postage stamps from
etters mailed before 1870. Any kind
'icept three-cent United States. A. B.
"alne, 1363 Beacon St., Brookllne, Mass.
Miss M. W. Freeman, Librarian of
Goodwyn Institute, Memphis, Tenn.,
wants copies of the Veteran from Jan-
uary to October, 1893, and for Novem-
ber, 1897.
Mrs. S. W. Bourquin, of Barney, Ga.,
wants to hear from some one who can
give her information of her husband's
record. She thinks he enlisted from
Chatham County in the 25th Georgia.
J. B. Floyd, of Summers, Ark., wants
to establish the record of his father,
Will II. Floyd, who was in the Confed-
erate army and was wounded at Tine
Bluff, Ark. He would like to henr
from some of his old comrades.
J. M. Lynn, of Rreckinridgc, Tex ,
wants to hear from all members of the
loth Kentucky Cavalry. Gen. John
gan's division, A. R. Johnson's brigade,
who were in the battles of Snow Hill
and Milton, Tenn., and who will a1
the Birmingham Reunion in May.
Mrs. S. W. Purcell, 119 South May-
belle Street. Tulsa. Okla., wants to know
the company and regiment to which
William Quinn Purcell belonged. He
enlisted at Memphis, Tenn., and served
four years, most of the time as scout.
She thinks he was with Forrest and
Morgan.
Robert D. Wilson, of Manchester,
Tenn., has old copies of the Veteran
for sale from 1894 to date. Some of
these volumes are complete; others are
odd numbers. Any one wishing to fill
out volumes can communicate with
him. Mr. Wilson also has belt buckles,
both C. S. and U. S., a snap that was
used by soldiers in carrying their blan-
kets, Minie balls, several little war relics,
etc., which he would like to dispose of.
J. W. Bolen, 438 West Beardsley Ave-
nue, Elkhart, Ind., enlisted at the age
of thirteen in Captain Casey's company
at Liberty, Va., in the fall of 1861. He
has forgotten his company and number
of regiment, but remembers they were
mustered into service in December at
Staunton, Va. After that he was sick in
a hospital for two months. He was with
Stonewall Jackson's corps. He would
like to hear from some of his comrades
and also from Captain Casey's son, who,
he thinks, is located in Chicago with
some railroad.
New Uniforms
FOR THE
REUNION
$9.50
We make to order, out of our fa-
mous "Potomac Gray*' cloth -woven
specially for us s firs. -class uni-
form, which we csll
Levy's
Special
coat and trousers; well tailored and
guaranteed to fit; regulation V. C. V.
buttons. This price is possible only
because of the Urjic number of these
uniforms which we make every sea-
son, supplying vetersns all over Ike
country. *, Finer uniforms at the
right prices. Special terms for out-
fitting whole camps. * Hats, caps,
wreaths, cords, buttons, stars, leg-
gings, and insignia of rank. Write
for catalog and samples, mention-
ing the VETERAN.
LEVY'S
Third & Market, Louisville, Ky.
A. E. Carnahan, of Cane Hill, Ark.,
in order to get a pension for the widow
of Marshall Wilson Howell, of Company
D, 31st West Virginia Infantry, under
Captain Berry, asks for response from
any surviving comrades.
Qopfederat^ tfeterai).
JEFFERSON
THEATER
Birmingham
ONE WEEK
STARTING
SUNDAY
MATINEE
MayH
TWICE DAILY .*. MATINEES at 2:15, PLIGHTS at 8:1S
A SPEGIAL ENGAGEMENT FOR THE VETERANS' REUNION
, OF1 — — — — ^— ^— — — ■ — -— —
D. W. GRIFFITH'S
Epoch-Creating Spectacle
18,000
PEOPLE
3,000
HORSES
COST
$500,000
TOOK
EIGHT MONTHS
TO PRODUCE
FOUNDED IN PART ON THOMAS DIXON'S "THE CLANSMAN "
A NEW FORM OF ART THAT HAS MADE THE MOST PROFOUND IM-
PRESSION EVER KNOWN TO THE AMERICAN STAGE
WILL THRILL THE SURVIVORS OF THOSE STIRRING YEARS OF OUR NA-
TIONAL DEVELOPMENT LIKE A MESSAGE FROM THE OLD
CAMP FIRES WHEN HISTORY WAS BEING MADE
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter.
Date given to subscription Is the month of explrall
All remittances should he made to the CoNPEDl H VTK Vl
and all communications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nairn ill.-, T,.nru
OFFICIALS REPRESENTS:
United Coi ins,
United Daugkti < \t
>v ViTimvsAMi Othkh Organizations,
COXFEDLKATMI S MSMORl M. ASSOCI Ul.i.V.
Though men deserve, they may not win. sua
The brave v> ill honor the bravi , vanquished i
Pru k. HOD per Tear. I
Single Copy, 1U Cents. )
Vol. XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN* MAY, 1916.
No. s-
I S. A. < 1 NNINI .1
"VETERANS FIRS I
(From Reunion Headquarters.)
The slogan of "Veterans First I" lias been adopted as the
official watchword during preparations for the Birmingham
Reunion, and it is being lived up to in every detail of the ar-
rangements that are almost completed for the entertainment
of the Confederate Veterans, May 16-18. Every citizen of
Birmingham serving on
the various committees
has in mind, first and
last, the comfort and
welfare of the old sol-
diers who will honor
Birmingham by their
presence, and nothing
will be left undone to
make this Reunion the
•jnost enjoyable, from
every point of view, in
i the history of Reunions
of the United Confed-
erate Veterans. Roberi
A. Brown, formerly of
South Carolina, who \-
Chairman of the Ex-
ecutive Committee, is
the son of a Confeder-
ate veteran ; and when
he decided to take the
chairmanship of the
general committee he
made it plain and
without qualification
that he was for the
old soldiers first, last.
and all the time. His
position is reflected by
every one connected
with the organization
THE HEART OF THE CITY.
Birmingham's "Grand Canyon," showing First Avenue at Twentieth Street,
the most highly developed corner in any Southern city.
and is reechoed by the entire citizenship of Birmingham. So
it is a promise Birmingham makes on her honor that when
the old vanguard comes within her gates it will receive the
most glorious welcome that the Southland has ever witnessed.
The general camp for perhaps five thousand veterans who
will be the special guests of Birmingham will be maintained
at the State Fair Grounds. The government of the United
States has loaned (he committee five thousand cots, which
will be placed in fine,
clean buildings and in
company formation, so
that members of cer-
tain companies may
again woo slumber side
by side as they did in
the sixties. At the Fair
Grounds a commissary
department will serve
meals every hour of the
day. There will also
be a concert at the Fair
inds every day dur-
ing the Reunion, and
several vaudeville acts
will be given for the
old soldiers if our plane
are successful. In
other words. Chairman
Brown wants it made
known that the vet-
erans who stay at the
Fair Grounds will have
the cream of entertain-
ment. A sham battle
between a company of
veterans from Fort
Worth, Tex., and a
body of the Alabama
National Guard will be
one of the star attrac-
IQ2
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
of the entire Reunion, and there are other plans under
way for the entertainment of all visitors.
The parade, which will be under the command of Gen. C.
W. Hooper, commanding the Alabama Division, U. C. V.,
will be short, as the plan is to relieve the veterans of a tire-
some march. The city wanted to furnish automobiles for
them, but these hardy veterans sent word to the Reunion
Committee that they preferred to walk in the parade, as they
did in the war, and General Young himself announced that
he would walk rather than use an automobile. In this parade,
which will be on Thursday, May iS, there will be over five
thousand school children singing patriotic songs and waving
Confederate flags. There will also be fifteen bands in the
parade, which is expected
to be one of the most inter-
esting and attractive in the
history of these Reunions.
Birmingham confidently
looks forward to the big-
gest crowd at the Reunion
that has ever been in the
city, and plans are being
made to take care of every
one. There are three new
hotels of large size built
since the 1908 Reunion,
while the entire city is
peppered with smaller hos-
telries of the most attractive
character, which will help to
carry the burden of the
huge attendance. In addi-
tion, the city promises with-
out reservation that the
homes of all the people of
Birmingham will be opened
wide to receive the vet-
erans and their friends
who will flock here from
every portion of the coun-
try to do honor to the for-
mer Confederate soldiers.
There will be no lack of
hospitality on the part of
Birmingham citizens in
handling the Reunion.
Every one will be made to
feel at home.
One of the special attrac-
tions of the convention will
be the address by Irvin
Cobb, the famous corre-
spondent and wit, who has promised to deliver the principal
address to the veterans. Mr. Cobb is a nephew of the com-
mander of the famous Cobb's Battery and also the son of a
Confederate soldier. A most interesting address is antici-
pated, of which he says: "I can only tell the Confederate vet-
erans what it is to be an American and the son of a Confed-
erate soldier."
Reunion headquarters will be located at the Chamber of
Commerce Building. The registration offices will be at the
corner of Nineteenth Street and First Avenue, and the State
headquarters will be located at the same point. The head-
quarters of General Young will be at the Tutwiler Hotel,
while other commanders U. C. V. will be located at the vari-
ous hotels in the city. The sessions of the convention will be
held in the Bijou Theater.
The Chamber of Commerce of Birmingham and the hotel
men of the city, without exception, promise that there will be
no inflation in prices either for rooms or for meals during .
the Reunion. A committee in charge of this work will make
a close inspection daily of restaurants and will see that the
promise is strictly kept.
The welfare of the veterans extends also to their comfort
in case of indisposition while attending the Reunion. Two
hospitals will be operated, one at the State Fair Grounds,
where the permanent camp will be located, and the other in
the building on the corner of
Nineteenth Street and First
Avenue, where the State
headquarters are located.
This is accessible to every
part of the downtown dis-
trict. The city will also
have a large force of out-
side detectives here to main-
tain a close scrutiny of the
crowds, so that no pick-
pockets or other crooks may
take advantage of the
crowded conditions and em-
barrass the veterans by lift-
ing their purses or watches.
(It would be well for every
one to be careful that no
valuables are carried in
outside pockets.)
Every detail of the Re-
union is being rapidly ad-
justed, and Birmingham
awaits the coming of the
veterans with the calm as-
surance that they will be
made happy in the experi-
ences and associations of a
most wonderful gathering.
Birmingham.
Birmingham is not yet
fifty years old, but has be-
come one of the most pro-
gressive cities of the South.
The first sale of city lots
took place in June, 1871.
Its first newspaper was
established there in 1872.
manufactured in 1874, Birming-
SPONSOR FOR THE SOUTH.
Miss Gladys Kernan, of New Orleans, has been appointed Spon-
sor for the South at the Birmingham Reunion. Miss Kernan is a
granddaughter of Gen. A. B. Booth. Commander of the Louisiana
I >i vision. TJ. C. V.
Since its first coke iron was
ham has become a manufacturing center because of the cheap-
ness of fuel and the abundance of its raw material.
Birmingham is the center of the cotton belt and of the most
wonderful mineral region of the world. It handles 125,000
bales of cotton annually, is a clay-working center, and has in-
exhaustible cement resources. It mines 13,000,000 tons of
coal annually and has the largest supply of iron ore in the
world. It fixes the price of iron for the world and makes
the best steel rails.
It is a great railroad center, no less than a dozen railway-
systems making connections here.
Qoijfederat^ l/eterat).
193
ALABAMA TROOPS FIRST TO RE-ENLIST.
("Official War Records," Volume LX., 1 149.)
Joint resolution of thanks to the Alabama troops who have
reenlisted for the war :
"Whereas the Alabama troops, composing the brigade com-
manded by Brig. Gen. Cullen A. Battle, in the Army of
Northern Virginia, volunteered in the service of the Confed-
erate States in the early part of the year 1861 upon the first
call for troops for the defense of Virginia, have participated
in every battle fought by that army from the battle of Seven
Pines to that of Gettysburg, always winning by their gal-
lantry and devotion deserved praise and honor, and now,
after enduring for nearly three years the hardships and dan-
gers of active military service, have reenlisted for the war;
therefore
"Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of
America, That the thanks of Congress are due and are hi
cordially tendered to the Alabama troops, who by rem
Hie iter of their services to the country for the war in ad-
hnce Of any legislative action have shown a spirit undaunted,
a heroic determination to battle ever until the independei
ill' ir country is established, and a consecration to the cause
of liberty worthy of imitation by their comrades.
"Resolved, That the President be requested to communicate
a copy of these resolutions to the commander of the troops of
said brigade as an evidence of the grateful appreciation of
SS of their fortitude and heroism during the trials and
dangers of past services and of their late act of patriotism,
confirming the faith and reassuring the hope of the patriot.
"Approved February 6, 1863."
LIEUT. WILLIAM T. GLASSELL, OF ALABAMA.
BY JOHN WITHERSFOON DUBOSE.
Among heroic Alabamians upon the seas, we should reckon
this one and rescue his name. The government keeps at
Washington the office of naval records and library. Some
research by the Department of Archives and History, dis-
tinguished for exhaustive work, has failed thus far to trace
the genealogy of the name or to place the honor upon the
country which gave nativity to our hero. The government
records introduce the name of W. T. Glassell to American
history. In this is one example only among many where the
political emergency of the era is left to interpret the conduct
of public servants.
The library and naval war records show that W. T. Glassell
was "dismissed" from the United States navy on December
6, 1861. We shall pursue the authenticity of the government
narrative in this instance.
W. T. Glassell entered the navy from Alabama as midship-
man on March 15, 1848. He was honorably promoted in suc-
ceeding years of continuous service. On June 15, 1854, he
was advanced to past midshipman. On September 15, 1855,
he was advanced to master, and on the next day he was
advanced to lieutenant.
Lieutenant Glassell was ordered to duty in the East In-
dian waters. In 1861, late in the year, it is assumed, his ves-
sel reached Xcw York upon return. War between the United
States and the Confederate States raged. Lieutenant Glas-
sell was invited to take the new oath prescribed by the United
States government. He refused. His name was dropped from
the roll, and he was committed to prison without trial on
November 5. 1861. at Port Warren, at the port of Boston.
He applied for parole, as he was charged with no crime, but
was refused. The Secretary of War for the Confederacy,
CS CIOLF AND C0ONTRV CLUB, BIRMIM.II \M
194
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
MA J. GEN. CHARLES W. HOOPER.
General Hooper is commander of the Alabama Division, U. C. V., and
will be chief marshal of the Reunion parade. A picture is also given of
him as the young Confederate private of Company E, 8th Georgia Regi-
ment, taken on the day he enlisted at Rome, Ga., May 10, JS61.
Mr. Benjamin, to relieve the situation, proposed to advance
Glassell and De Bree to the rank of captain and to offer
prisoners of the same rank in exchange; but the enemy re-
jected the proposal.
The Confederate commanding general, Huger, then at Nor-
folk, sought an inter-
view with General
Wood, in command at
Fort Monroe, to effect
the exchange of Glas-
sell and De Bree and
Julius Myers, of the
navy, for army officers,
but failed.
The government at
Washington continued
obdurate, and the
prisoners remained at
Fort Warren until the
last week of the next
July.
On July 28, 1862.
Colonel Dimick, com-
manding the fort, tele-
graphed to his supe-
rior: "Shall send also
two lieutenants of the
navy, De Bree and
Glassell. Some eight
or nine of the prison-
ers say they will be
hanged if they go
South. Some have
taken the oath of allegiance." There was no explanation of
the alleged peril to freed prisoners who might return South.
After seven months of political imprisonment at Fort War-
ren, Lieutenants Glassell and De Bree were exchanged as mili-
tary prisoners on July 31. We hear of the former promptly
in the Confederate navy at Charleston. His direct com-
mander was Commodore Ingraham, while General Beaure-
gard commanded the department on land and adjacent waters.
Under orders of Beauregard, Capt. Francis D. Lee, of the
engineers, fitted up ten boats belonging to the navy to do
torpedo work on the blockading fleet of the invader. On the
night of March 10, Commodore Ingraham yielding to the
urgency of Lieutenant Glassell, that young officer attempted
by one of these boats, with a crew of seven or eight men, to
find such work as he might. The boat got aground in Drunken
Dick Shoal. His enterprise failed, therefore, before it made
progress. He cut away the gearing and succeeded in bring-
ing back the torpedo with all attachments. The mode of at-
tack was the invention of Captain Lee, who complained that
Glassell's failure was unjust to the mode. Glassell should
not have been permitted to go out with a single boat and one
torpedo to strike the hostile fleet.
The following month Glassell was more successful. On the
week following the memorable attack by the fleet on Sumter,
heretofore described, General Beauregard sent Glassell with
a small boat and a small crew to board the partly submerged
and abandoned monitor, the Keokuk, that had foundered in
battle. Lieutenant Glassell made this report April 13:
"General: Having made a visit to the Keokuk this morning
with a view of obtaining the effect of your batteries upon her
iron turrets, I succeeded in procuring the trophies which it
affords me much pleasure to forward to you — viz., two United
States flags, two pennants, and three signal flags. Several
other articles were also obtained — a hammock, springs, lan-
terns, etc. — which are on board the Chicoa."
Later in the same year (1863), on the night of October 5,
Lieutenant Glassell,
then perhaps thirty
years old, undertook an
enterprise that left a
parallel to the next
generation of Alabam-
ians in the Santiago
Bay by Lieut. R. P.
Hobson. General
Beauregard made this
brief official report the
next day by telegram :
"Charleston,
October 6, 1863,
7:12 P.M.
"Last night Lieu-
tenant Glassell, Confed-
erate States navy, gal-
lantly attempted to
blow up the Ironsides
with the small cigar
torpedo boat David.
Explosion occurred at
the proper time, but
either charge was too
small or torpedo boat
too near surface of
water. Damage thus far not apparent. Lieutenant Glassell
and one man were captured ; other two returned safely with
boat. Commotion on board the Ironsides reported very great."
The commanding general, with characteristic anxiety for
accuracy in a soldier, reported "thus far damage not appar-
ent" to the enemy. Time justified a very different report.
The little Confederate steam launch, not costing in the build-
ing more than a few hundred dollars, with a crew of four
resolute and intelligent Confederate sailors, at a single blow
disabled for all time the pride of the United States navy,
fully manned and equipped for war.
We extract from Colonel Roman's monumental work,
"Military Campaigns of General Beauregard" : "The Iron-
sides never fired another shot (on the coast of South Caro-
lina) after this attack upon her. She remained some time at
her anchorage off Morris Island, evidently undergoing repair-
ing. She was then sent to Port Royal, probably to fit her for
her voyage to Philadelphia, where she remained until de-
stroyed by fire after the war."
The humiliation inflicted by Glassell on Admiral Dahlgren
explained the revenge of that high officer, which we shall see.
President Davis ("Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov-
ernment," Volume II, page 208) gives the following luminous
account of Glassell's expedition: "There were one hundred
and twenty-three of these torpedoes placed in Charleston
Harbor and Stones River. It was blockaded by thirteen large
ships and ironclads, with six or seven store ships and some
twenty other vessels. The position of each one was known,
and they could be approached within half a mile, which made
it easy to attack, destroy, or disperse them at night by floating
Qor^federat^ l/eterai).
195
torpedoes connected together by twos by a rope one hundred
and thirty yards long buoyed up and stretched across the cur-
rent by two boats which were to be dropped in ebbing tide,
to float down among the vessels. * * * An act of devoted
daring was here performed by Commander (?) W. T. Glas-
sell, Confederate States navy, which claims more than passing
notice. * * * The new Ironsides, the pride of their fleet,
lay on Morris Island. This Glassell resolved to attack with
a steam launch (the David) carrying a torpedo spur at the
bow. With an engineer, pilot, and fireman he stirred for the
Ironsides under cover of hazy night. As he approached he
was hailed by the lookout, and the next moment he struck the
Ironsides and exploded the torpedo about fifteen feet from
the keel. An immense volume of water was thrown up,
covering the little boat, and, pieces of timber falling in the
engine of the David, it was rendered entirely unmanageable.
So as to deprive Commander (?) Glassell of the means of
escape on which he had relied, a rapid fire was concentrated
upon him from the decks of the ships."
President Davis recites, as above quoted, that the steam
launch David, which attacked the Ironsides, was disabled by
"pieces of timber falling in the engine, so that it was entirely
unmanageable," and therefore Lieutenant Glassell and James
Sullivan, second fireman, were thrown into the sea.
We have a record which is more in detail and abounding in
tragic incident. The flag officer, John Randolph, reported to
General Beauregard the day after the attack that the report of
the acting engineer, James H. Toombs, who accompanied
the David and was one of the two who escaped with the
launch, was "entirely correct and reliable." Engineer Toombs
wrote :
"I have the honor to report that on Monday evening,
5th inst., Lieut. W. T. Glassell, Confederate navy, in charge
of the propeller David, a small submerged steamer, with the
following crew — viz.: James H. Toombs, acting first assistant
engineer; Walker Cannon, pilot; James Sullivan, second fire-
man— started to the city and proceeded down the main ship
channel, passing through the entire enemy's vessels and barges
until we arrived abreast of the United States frigate Iron-
sides at 8:30 p.m. We then stood off and on for thirty min-
utes waiting for the flood tide to make.
"At 9 p.m., everything being favorable and every one in
favor of the attack, we headed for the Ironsides. When with-
in fifty yards of her, we were hailed, which was answered by
a shot from a double-barreled gun in the hands of Lieutenant
Glassell. In two minutes we struck the ship (we going at
full speed) under the starboard quarter about fifteen feet
from her stern post, exploding our torpedo about six and a
half feet under her bottom. The enemy fired rapidly with small
arms, riddling the vessel, but doing us no harm. The col-
umn of water thrown up was so great that it recoiled upon
our frail bark in such a force as to put the fires out and lead
us to suppose that the vessel would sink. The engine was
reversed for backing, but the shock occasioned by the jar
had been so great as to throw the iron ballast among the
machinery, which prevented the working. During the delay
the vessel, owing to the tide and wind, hung under the quar-
ter of the Ironsides, the fire upon us being kept up the whole
time.
"Finding ourselves in this critical position and believing
our vessel to be in a sinking condition, we concluded that the
only means of saving our lives was to jump overboard, trust-
ing that we would be picked up by the boats of the enemy.
Lieutenant Glassell and the fireman, James Sullivan, swam
off in the direction of the enemy's vessel, each being provided
with a life preserver, and were not seen afterwards. The
pilot stuck to the vessel, and I, being overboard at the time
and finding that no quarter would be shown, as we called out
that we surrendered, concluded that it was best to make one
more effort to save the vessel. Accordingly. I returned to her
and rebuilt my fires and after some delay got up steam enough
to man the machinery. The pilot then took the wheel, and
we steamed up the channel, passing once more through the
fleet and within three feet of the Monitor, being subjected
the whole time to the continuous fire of small arms, the Iron-
sides firing two eleven-inch shots at us.
"The pilot, Mr. Cannon, has won for himself a reputation
that time cannot efface and deserves well of his country, as
without his valuable aid I could not have reached the city.
"The conduct of Lieutenant Glassell was as cool and col-
lected as if he had been on an excursion of pleasure, and the
hope of all is that he may yet be in safety. The fireman,
James Sullivan, acted in a manner that reflected credit upon
himself, having remained at his post until relieved by me."
It will be not unimportant to note that the attack of the
David was delivered from the seaside and not from the land-
side, whence it had commenced. So the two of the crew and
the two on the boat had to pass through the line of the fleet
after attack was given.
The work. "The Military Operations of General Beaure-
gard," by one of his staff, Colonel Roman, of Louisiana, gives
this account :
"He [Glassell] was picked up by the boat of a Federal
transport schooner, whence it was transferred to the guard
ship Ottawa, lying outside of the rest of the fleet. He was or-
dered at first by Admiral Dahlgren to be ironed and in case
of resistance to be double-ironed; but through the interces-
sion of his friend, Capt. W. D. Whiting, commanding the
Ottawa, he was released on giving his parole not to escape
from the ship.
"The fireman. Sullivan, had taken refuge on the rudder of
the new Ironsides, where he was discovered, put in irons, and
kept in a dark cell until sent with Glassell to New York to
be tried and hanged, as reported by New York papers, for
using an engine of war not recognized by civilized nations."
A profound and painful anxiety possessed the government
at Richmond when news that the two captives were threatened
with ignominious death. The Confederate commissioner for
exchange of prisoners made indignant protest to the authori-
ties at Washington. The report of the intended execution of
the two prisoners was denied there. They were finally ex-
changed.
Lieutenant General Hardee was detached from the Army
of Tennessee to displace General Beauregard at Charleston,
who was ordered to another field, supposed to be more im-
portant We find that on November 7, 1864, Hardee applied
for Commander Glassell, who had been reported commander
lor the attack on the Ironsides, to be among others for spe-
cial assignment in torpedo application.
When Charleston was evacuated in the winter of 1865,
Glassell was ordered to Richmond and there placed in the
"Webfoot" Sailors' Brigade, commanded by Admiral Raphael
Semmes.
Swing, rustless blade, in the dauntless hand ;
Ride, soul of a god, through the deathless band.
Through the low green mounds or the breadth of the land,
Wherever your legions dwell. — Virginia Fraser Bnyk.
196
^oi)federat^ l/eterap.
FLAGS OF THE CONFEDERACY.
BY JUDGE WALTER A. MONTGOMERY, RALEIGH, N. C.
There were three flags of the Confederate States in suc-
cessive use during the short life of a little more than four
years of that government. The first flag, generally known
as the Stars and Bars, was adopted by the Provisional Con-
gress at Montgomery, Ala., on March 4, 1861 ; the second
one, at Richmond, Va., on May 1, 1863 ; and the third, at Rich-
mond on February 4, 1865, at regular sessions of the Con-
gress.
It appears from contemporaneous accounts — the Journal
of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States and
prominent newspapers published in the South — that the mat-
ter of adopting a flag for the Confederate States by the Pro-
visional Congress at Montgomery excited much public in-
terest throughout the South and was attended with heated
discussion both in and out of the Congress. Numerous and
variegated were the designs and models submitted to the
Congress for adoption, most of them modifications or varia-
tions of the Stars and Stripes. It seemed that by far the
greater weight of public sentiment favored a flag that should
"differ from the Stars and Stripes only enough to make it
easily distinguishable," and that was the prevailing judgment
of the members of the Congress. A leading Southern news-
paper in an article on the subject declared that "there was a
general desire to depart as little as possible from the old flag."
The Stars and Bars.
Mr. Porcher Miles, of South Carolina, chairman of the
•committee selected to consider the adoption of a flag, recom-
mended one entirely different from the Stars and Stripes, but
it appears from the report of the committee that concessions
were made to the popular demand. The language of the re-
port in that respect was : "It must be admitted, however, that
something was conceded to what seemed so strong and earnest
a desire to retain at least a suggestion of the old Stars and
Stripes." The committee, as appears from their report, did
not adopt either or any of the designs or models of flags sub-
mitted to them and recommended one of their own designing,
which was the one that was adopted by the Congress. The
committee had been authorized to procure the services of a
draftsman. It appears also from the Journal of the Con-
gress that after the adoption of the flag recommended by the
•committee all the models of flags which had been submitted
for consideration were by resolution of the Congress ordered
•into the hands of the clerk of that body to be returned to the
authors upon their being called for.
The flag which was adopted did not give general satisfac-
tion. Neither those who desired to retain the flag of the
United States or one closely resembling it, nor those who
thought the new flag resembled too nearly the Stars and
Stripes, nor those who were desirous of having every trace of
the Stars and Stripes omitted were pleased with the Stars
and Bars. It was raised for the first time over the Capitol at
Montgomery by the granddaughter of former President John
Tyler on March 4, 1861. It had seven stars in a circle in the
■blue union, one representing Texas, although that State had
not on that day ratified the Provisional Constitution of the
•Confederate States. Her seven delegates had been present,
however, for several days in anticipation of the adoption of
ithrit constitution bv that State.
Adoption of the First Confederate Flag.
The records of the Provisional Congress of the Confed-
erate States, preserved in the Journal of that body, show that
on the 9th of February, 1861, a committee of six — one from
each of the seceded States (Mr. Miles, chairman, of South
Carolina; Burton, of Georgia; Shorter, of Alabama; Harris,
of Mississippi; Sparrow, of Louisiana; and Morton, of
Florida; the Texas delegation not having arrived) — was ap-
pointed to consider the adoption of a flag; that on the same
day Mr. Memminger presented a model for the flag designed
by the ladies of South Carolina and another model offered by
a gentleman of the city of Charleston accompanying the same
with explanatory remarks ; that on the 12th of February Mr.
THE STARS AND BARS.
Thomas R. R. Cobb presented a design for a flag, seal, and
coat of arms forwarded by Mr. Edwin V. Sharp, of Augusta,
Ga., which, on motion of Mr. Cobb, was referred to the select
committee on the flag ; that on the next day Mr. Alexander H.
Stephens presented a flag which was referred to the commit-
tee, and on the same day Mr. Robert Toombs presented a
model for a flag, accompanied by a communication from
Mr. J. M. Spelman, which was referred to the special commit-
tee on flags and seals; that on the 16th of February designs
for flags were presented by Messrs. Barton, Cobb, and Mem-
minger and referred to the committee ; and that on the 22d,
23d, 26th, 27th, and 28th of February designs for a flag were
respectively presented by Mr. Hale, Mr. Wright, Mr. Hale,
Mr. Wright, and Mr. Curry, and all were referred to the
special committee.
Qopfederat^ l/eterag.
'97
It is also shown by the Journal that on the 4th of March,
1861, Mr. Miles, for the Committee on Flag and Seal, made
a report to the Congress and that the report was adopted on
the same day and an order made that the whole of the report
on the flag be entered on the Journal.
In the 7th of March it further appears from the Journal
that a resolution was passed directing that "all models for
flags be placed in the custody of the clerk of Congress, who
shall return them to their authors when called for."
The report of the committee was, according to the order,
entered in full on the Journal (Volume I., pages 101 and 102),
and it will be found interesting, especially as indicative of
the motives which inspired the creators of the flag and also
as showing that the Stars and Bars was not a design of any
individual, but was the work and design of the committee.
Mr. Miles, for the Committee on the Flag and Seal of the
Confederacy, made the following report :
"The committee appointed to select a proper flag for the
Confederate States of America beg leave to report that they
have given this subject due consideration and carefully in-
spected all of the designs and models submitted to them. The
number of these has been immense, but they all may be di-
vided into two great classes :
"1. Those which copy and preserve the principal features
of the United States flag, with slight and unimportant modi-
fications.
"2. Those which are very elaborate, complicated, or fan-
tastical. The objection to the first class is that some of them
at any considerable distance could readily be distinguished
from the one which they imitate. Whatever attachment may
be felt from association for the Stars and Stripes (an at-
tachment which your committee may be permitted to say they
do not all share), it is manifest that in inaugurating a new-
government we cannot with any propriety or without en-
countering very obvious practical difficulties retain the flag
of the government from which we have withdrawn. There
is no propriety in retaining the ensign of a government which,
in the opinion of the States composing this Confederacy, has
become so oppressive and injurious to their interests as tn
require their separation from it. It is idle to talk of 'keeping'
the flag of the United States when we have voluntarily se-
ceded from them. It is superfluous to dwell upon the prac-
tical difficulties which would flow from the fact of two dis-
tinct and probably hostile governments, both employing the
same or very similar flags. It would be a political and mili-
tary solecism. [It would produce endless confusion and mis-
takes. It would lead to perpetual disputes.*! As to 'the
glories of the old flag,' we must bear in mind that the bat-
tles of the Revolution, about which our fondest and proudest
memories cluster, were not fought beneath its folds. And
although in more recent times — in the War of 1812 and in the
war with Mexico — the South did win her fair share of glory
and shed a full measure of blood under its guidance and in
its defense, we think the impartial page of history will pre-
serve and commemorate the fact more imperishably than a
mere piece of striped bunting. When the colonists achieved
their independence of the 'mother country' (which up to the
last they fondly called her) they did not desire to retain the
British flag or anything at all similar to it. Yet under that
flag they had been planted and nurtured and fostered. Under
that flag they had fought in their infancy for their very ex-
istence against more than one determined foe: under it they
•Not in the Journal, but contained in original report on tile in the \Y:ir De-
partment.
had repelled and driven back the relentless savage and car-
ried it farther and farther into the decreasing wilderness as
the standard of civilization and religion ; under it the youth-
ful Washington won his spurs in the memorable and unfor-
tunate expedition of Braddock; and Americans helped to plant
it on the heights of Abraham, where the immortal Wolfe fell
covered with glory in the arms of victory. But our fore-
fathers when they separated themselves from Great Britain —
a separation not on account of their hatred of the English
constitution or of English institutions, but in consequence of
the tyrannical and unconstitutional rule of Lord North's
administration and because their destiny beckoned them on to
independent expansion and achievement — cast no lingering,
regretful looks behind. They were proud of their race and
lineage, proud of their heritage in the glories and genius and
language of Old England ; but they were influenced by the
spirit of the motto of the great Hampden. 'I'cstigia nulla
rctrorsum.' They were determined to build up a new power
among the nations of the world. They, therefore, did not
attempt 'to keep the old flag.' We think it good to imitate
them in this comparatively little matter, as well as to emulate
them in greater and more important ones.
"The committee in examining the representations of the
flags of all countries found that Liberia and the Sandwich Is-
lands had flags so similar to that of the United States that
it seemed to them an additional, if not in itself a conclusive.
reason why we should not 'keep,' copy, or imitate it. They
felt no inclination to borrow at second hand what had been
pilfered and appropriated by a free negro community and a
race of savages. It must be admitted, however, that some-
thing was conceded by the committee to what seemed so
THE FIRST BATTLE FLAG.
In 1861, after the first battle, of Manassas, this (lag with the
St. Andrew's Cross was adopted as the battle (lac of thi
ite States army. Tii< ■ 1 rey (Hettle and Con-
stance), of Virginia, made three flags ami jit •
Generals Johnston. Van Dorn, and Beauregard. Thr- 1:,
ting was sent by him to New Orleans and, upon the fall of
that city, to Havana; then it was returned to New Orleans and
placed in custody of the Washington Artillery. \vl ■
present.
I9-S
Qopfederat^ V/eterap.
strong and earnest a desire to retain at least a suggestion of
the old Stars and Stripes. So much for the mass of models
-and designs more or less copied from, or assimilated to, the
United States flag.
"With reference to the second class of designs — those of
an elaborate and complicated character, but many of them
showing considerable artistic skill and taste — the committee
will merely remark that, however pretty they may be when
made up by the cunning skill of a fair lady's fingers in silk,
satin, and embroidery, they are not appropriate as flags. A
flag should be simple, readily made, and, above all, capable of
being made up in bunting. It should be different from the
flag of any other country, place, or people. It should be sig-
nificant. It should be readily distinguishable at a distance.
The colors should be well contrasted and durable, and, lastly
and not the least important point, it should be effective and
handsome.
"The committee humbly think that the flag which they
submit combines these requisites. It is very easy to make. It
is entirely different from any national flag. The three colors
•of which it is composed — red, white, and blue — are the true
republican colors. In heraldry they are emblematic of the
three great virtues, valor, purity, and truth. Naval men
assure us that it can be recognized and distinguished at a
great distance. The colors contrast admirably and are last-
ing. In effect and appearance it must speak for itself.
"Your committee, therefore, recommend that the flag of the
•Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field
with a white space extending horizontally through the center
and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag, the red
spaces above and below to be of the same width as the white,
the union blue extending down through the white space and
stopping at the lower red space, in the center of the union
a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the
States of the Confederacy. If adopted, long may it wave over
a brave, a free, and a virtuous people ! May the career of
the Confederacy, whose duty it will then be to support and
defend it, be such as to endear it to our children's children as
the flag of a loved, because a just and benign, government
•and the cherished symbol of its valor, purity, and truth !
"Respectfully submitted.
William Porcher Miles, Chairman."
The Confederate Battle Flag.
The Stars and Bars continued to be the national flag of the
Confederate States until May i, 1863, when the second Con-
federate flag was adopted. But shortly after the first battle
of Manassas a flag for service in the field was created for
■the army around Manassas, then known as the Army of the
Potomac. It became within a year the battle flag of all the
Confederate armies and was borne by the troops throughout
"the war.
It seemed abnormal that in the civil life of the people one
•flag should be regarded as the national flag and another borne
'by the fighting men in battle ; but there was thought to be a
necessity for the creation of the battle flag at the time it
was adopted. The resemblance between the Stars and Stripes
and the Stars and Bars made it somewhat difficult to distin-
guish at a distance the two flags, and at the battle of Manas-
sas, especially on the Confederate left, where occurred the
Confederate flanking movement, some confusion ensued be-
cause of this resemblance. On account of that incident Gen-
eral Beauregard, of the Army of the Potomac, and Gen. G.
W. Smith, commanding the Army of the Shenandoah, deter-
imined to make a flag for the use of the troops under their
commands, the flag to be entirely different from any State or
Federal flag.
Many designs for the battle flag were submitted, the two
favorite ones differing only as to the shape of the cross, one
bearing the St. Andrew's and the other the Latin. Both were
oblong. But Gen. J. E. Johnston, in general command of the
forces around Manassas, preferred a square flag. In Gen-
eral Beauregard's account of the selection between the two
models he wrote: "We finally adopted in September, 1861,
the well-known battle flag of the Army of the Potomac [as
it was first' called] to which our soldiers became so devoted.
Its field was red or crimson ; its bars were blue and, running
diagnally across from one corner to the other, formed the
Greek cross; the stars on the bars were white or gold, their
number being equal to the number of States in the Confed-
eracy; the blue bars were separated from the red field by a
small white fillet. The size of the flag for infantry was fixed
at 4x4 feet, for artillery at 3x3 feet, and for cavalry 2^x2^4
feet." .
The Second and Third Confederate Flags.
The Confederate Congress on May 1, 1863, adopted an-
other national flag, the second flag of the Confederate States,
in the place of the Stars and Bars. The new flag was de-
scribed in the language of the act of Congress which created
it as follows : "The field to be white, the length double the
width of the flag, with the union (now used as the battle flag)
to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the
ground red ; thereon a broad saltier of blue bordered with
white and emblazoned with white mullets, or five-pointed
stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate
States." Objections to this flag were at once raised and con-
tinued until it was altered. The objections were that it re-
sembled closely the white ensign of Great Britain and also a
flag of truce. When hanging limp, it showed all white.
The objections were so well taken that the Congress on
February 4, 1865, adopted the third flag, which was officially
described as follows : "The width two-thirds of its length ;
the union, now used as a battle flag, to be in width three-
fifths of the width of the flag and so proportioned as to leave
the length of the field on the side of the union twice the
width below it; to have a ground of red and broad blue sal-
tier thereon bordered with white and emblazoned with mul-
lets, or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that
of the Confederate States ; the field to be white except the
outer half of the union, which shall be a red bar extending
the width of the flag." This flag was, in fact, a duplicate of
the second Confederate flag, with the addition of a broad
transverse strip of red at the end the whole width of the flag.
last flag of the conkederacv.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
199
RAISING THE FIRST CONFEDERATE FLAG.
BY MRS. MARIE BANKHEAD OWEN, MONTGOMERY. ALA.
A proud and aristocratic woman recently stood beside the
Confederate monument that glorifies Capitol Hill, in Mont-
gomery, and lifted her eyes to the flagpole that reaches up
toward the heavens from the great dome of that historic build-
ing. The interest of the visitor's gaze was altogether remi-
niscent. Fifty-five years ago she had stood at the base of
that dome and pulled the cord which unfurled to the breeze
the ensign of a new nation, the Stars and Bars of the pro-
visional government of the Confederate States of America.
This interested beholder of things present, looking back
through the mists of bygone years, was none other than Miss
Letitia Christian Tyler, granddaughter of President John
Tyler, who, when a young girl in her early teens, was invited
by President Jefferson Davis to raise the first flag of the
Confederacy. On account of this historic incident Miss Tyler
is a figure of importance in the annals of the period, and be-
cause of her association with the event her recolli
though brief, are worthy of preservation.
Miss Tyler was born in the White House, at Washington.
Her parents were Robert, eldest son of John Tyler, President
of the United States, and Priscilla, daughter of Thomas
Cooper, a distinguished English actor. She was passing the
winter of 1860-61 with the families of Mr. Frederick Raoul,
of Mount Meigs, a plantation settlement fifteen miles from
Montgomery, and Dr. Thomas Taylor, residing in the city.
She was in Montgomery on January II, 1861, when Alabama
seceded; and though in the midst of the stirring scenes of
the time, she was too youthful to fully realize their signifi-
cance. While a guest in the home of Dr. Taylor the news
came that his native State, South Carolina, had seceded from
the Union.
When it was known that the granddaughter of a former
President of the United States was in the capital city of the
new Confederacy, an invitation was extended to Miss Letitia
Tyler by President Jefferson Davis to raise the first flag.
"It has been so long ago that many of the details of the
event have faded from my memory," said Miss Tyler when
asked to give her recollections of that great day. "I know-
that great crowds of people were constantly about the State-
house and Capitol grounds, as companies of soldiers were
being mustered into service, and interested people were on
hand to watch the doings of the Provisional Congress of the
Confederacy. I cannot now recall, even if I ever had heard,
who designed the flag. I clearly remember ascending the
stairs that led to the dome of the building and that I was
escorted by Hon. Alex B. Clitherall, one of the Confederate
officials. Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Taylor and several other
persons accompanied us to the top of the Capitol. Be-
low us were vast throngs of people, who were watching
and waiting for the signal to unfurl the flag of the new na-
tion. On reaching the base of the dome I found the flag all
ready, and the cord was handed me. Then I began to pull
it, and up climbed the flag to the top of the pole and floated
out boldly on the stiff March wind. The hundreds of people
below us sent up a mighty shout. Cannon roared out a salute.
and my heart beat with wild joy and excitement. May I re-
call further," she said, "that my father, although residing in
the North, never lost one whit of his love for the South ; but
he never taught us sectional things. Because he was so much
a Southerner, his position was one of suspicion and hate on
the part of the people there; and when it became known that
his daughter had actually raised a Confederate flag, feeling
against him became very intense. It was not long before he
removed South with his family."
More than half a century has passed since that fateful
4th of March when the Confederate Stars and Bars was un-
furled before the eager throngs who stood below and shouted
their defiance to injustice and oppression. The majority of
those liberty-loving men and women have long since entered
into eternal peace. But some abide, and Miss Tyler on this
historic anniversary looked up at the great dome and recalled
the events in which she was a gracious and unique figure; but
fallible memory denied the return of the vision as of that
other day in all its fullness.
"I do not know who designed the flag. I cannot recall the
facts of its history." These words carried their measure of
regret as the fair girl of another day told the story to an
interested group of friends.
FLAG OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES.
FROM THE MONTGOMERY WEEKLY ADVERTISES, MARCH 6, lR6l.
The 4th of March was an eventful day in the provi-
capital of the Confederate States of America, as well as in
Washington. At 3:30 p.m. on yesterday the flag of the Con-
federate States of America was flung out to the breeze from
the staff on the Capitol, and as its proud folds gradually un-
closed it seemed to wave defiance to the northern wind that
came rushing down from the Potomac laden with threats of
abolition coercion. A large concourse of spectators had as-
sembled on Capitol Hill, and the number would doubtless
have been trebled had it been possible to give an earlier an-
nouncement of the ceremony
Miss L. C. T. Tyler, one of the fairest descendants of the
Old Dominion and a granddaughter of the venerable ex-
President of the late United States, had been selected to per-
form the principal part upon this occasion. When the time
had arrived for raising the banner, Miss Tyler steadily and
with heart throbbing with patriotic emotion elevated the flag
to the summit of the staff; cannon thundered forth a salute,
the vast assemblage rent the air with shouts of welcome, and
•pie of the South had for the first time a view of the
Southern flag.
Ere there was time to take one hasty glance at the national
ensign, the eyes of all were upturned to gaze at what would
perhaps at any time have attracted unusual attention, but on
this occasion seemed really a providential omen. Scarcely
had the first report from the salute died away when a large
and beautifully defined circle of blue vapor rose slowly over
the assemblage of Southern spirits there assembled to vow
allegiance to the Southern banner, rested for many seconds
on a level with the flag of the Confederate States, then grad-
ually ascended until lost to the gaze of the multitude. It was
a most beautiful and auspicious omen, and those who look
with an eye of faith to the glorious future of our Confed-.
eracy could but believe that the same God that vouchsafed to
the Christian emperor the cross in the heavens as a promise
of victory had this day given to a young nation striving for
liberty a divine augury of hope and national durability.
The flag of the Confederate States was the work of the
committee appointed by Congress, none of the designs sent
by individuals as models having been thought suitable. It
consists of three bars of red and white. The upper is red,
200
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
the middle white, and the lower red. The lower bar extends
the whole width of the flag, and just above it, next to the
staff on the upper left-hand corner of the flag, is a blue
union with the seven stars in a circle. The design is simple,
easily recognized, and sufficiently distinct from the old
"Gridiron." Long may it wave over a free, prosperous, and
united people!
[Xote. — The foregoing is a carefully compared copy from
the original in the Montgomery Weekly Advertiser of March
6, 1861, preserved in the Alabama State Department of Ar-
chives and History. The article appears to have been orig-
inally published in the Daily Advertiser of March 5, 1861, and
carried forward into the weekly issue of the next day. The
date, March 5, appears at the head of the column in which
the article is printed.]
CAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH, N. C.
BY REV. E. A. WRIGHT, BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
On the Roanoke River, in the northeast part of North Caro-
lina, is the town of Plymouth. In "Regimental Histories of
North Carolina Troops" in the War between the States it is
stated that in the capture of this strongly fortified town the
following troops were engaged: Ransom's Brigade, with the
8th North Carolina Regiment of Clingman's attached, Hoke's
North Carolina Brigade, the 43d North Carolina Regiment,
and Terry's Virginia Brigade. These were the infantry troops
assigned to Gen. Benjamin Frederick Hoke, the senior briga-
dier in command of all troops sent to capture Plymouth.
Besides these, General Hoke was ably assisted by the iron-
clad ram Albemarle, built at Halifax, in Halifax County, on
the Roanoke River, at least seventy-five miles above Plymouth.
In addition to the above, we had on this expedition Col. J. R.
Dearing's cavalry regiment and two batteries of horse artil-
lery, under Captain Star, of Wilmington, N. C, and also a
battery from Mobile, Ala.
Up to the date of this attack Plymouth had been in pos-
session of the Federals for about two years, and at this time
it was under the command of Gen. Henry W. Wessell, who
had under him about six thousand men, including two com-
panies of North Carolina deserters, under Captains Johnson
and Haggard. While the siege was going on, in the night-
time a considerable number of these deserters also deserted
Wessell, floated down the river in canoes, and took refuge
in the woods. After the war such undesirables on the Con-
federate side down in Eastern North Carolina, especially in
Washington County, of which Plymouth was the county seat,
were called "Buffaloes" and by that appellation are known to
this day.
General Hoke, with his troopers, arrived in front of Ply-
mouth on the 18th of April, 1864, and on that night I, a lieu-
tenant of Company I, 35th North Carolina Regiment, was
sent out in command of pickets to drive in the Yankee pickets.
I was out all night and had succeeded in driving all pickets
in our immediate front behind the breastworks surrounding
the town. On the 19th General Ransom moved down to the
left, and during that night he forced the passage of Coneby
Creek, a narrow but deep stream on the east of the town.
Capt. Barney Lane had gone before the brigade, crossed the
creek, and thus had gotten in between the creek and the river.
When we reached the creek, we heard Captain Lane's men
sending out the Rebel yell and driving the Yankees' pickets
pell-mell into Plymouth.
Our brigade, under Ransom, crossed Coneby Creek on a
pontoon bridge about midnight. When we had gotten fully
over, the brigade was deployed into line, arranged just as
Ransom wanted it to be, then there came to us "boys" that
most pleasant of all commands: "Stack arms; lie down and
rest until daybreak." The rest was very refreshing to me,
for I had not closed my eyes in slumber for more than twenty-
four hours. Corporal James Council and I went together, and
not far off we found a fisherman's flat-bottomed boat, about
five feet wide, in which he and I lay down to sleep. Just
before "slumber's chain had bound us" Corporal Council
said to me : "Lieutenant Wright, this will be our last sleep
together, for before to-morrow night I shall be sleeping my
eternal sleep." I said : "Jimtrry, don't talk that way. Let us
go to sleep."
On the morning of the 20th of April, 1864, Ransom's Bri-
gade took part in one of the grandest charges, heroic from
start to finish, that were made in any battle in the strenuous
War between the States. The charge commenced at early
sunrise, when the signal was sent up by the ram Albemarle,
and by 4 p.m. the town of Plymouth was ours, with General
Wessell, the commander, and about six thousand men and
officers. In this charge, for over a quarter of a mile on an
open field in front of a six-gun battery, raked with grape and
canister, we made good and captured the fort.
True to his prediction of the night before, Corporal Coun-
cil was lying in that sleep that knows no waking, together
with fifty gallant men of the 35th Regiment of North Carolina
Troops. Maj. Simon B. Taylor, of our regiment, now living
at Catherine Lake, Onslow County, N. C, in the eighty-first
year of his age, was severely wounded in his right knee. He
was the first man to mount the fort to receive the surrender
of the boys in blue, who had made such a gallant defense.
With the assistance of a comrade, I helped Major Taylor up
to the parapets of the fort, and then some one kindly helped
me up; so he and I were side by side when the white flag was
put into his hands. He waved it high, so it might be seen by
the gallant boys in gray who had made the charge, not sur-
passed by any that was made in the most heroic of wars.
KNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMELIA.
BY JOHN W. BROUGHTON, LORMAN, MISS.
The organization of the Knights of the White Camelia was
formed in New Orleans, La., in 1867 for the protection of
the whites against negro insurrection, as such was necessary
all over the South, which was then overrun by carpetbaggers
and scalawags, office seekers who were using methods of in-
citing the negroes to rise that they might hold their offices.
The plans adopted were to organize companies and, under
the name of the Crescent City White League, at different
times have large torchlight processions on the streets of
New Orleans, the idea being to let the negroes know what to
expect in case of an uprising. This organization was kept up
until the noted fight on the 14th of September, 1874, result-
ing in the overthrow of the misrule which was then in full
swing. I became a member of the Knights of the White
Camelia in the fall of 1867 and remained as such until Jan-
uary, 1869, when I moved to Rodney, Miss.
Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, U. S. A., and his oldest brother, Maj.
Orestes P. Chaffee, C. S. A., were both engaged in the battle
of Lookout Mountain, though unknown to each other; while
a younger brother was killed on the Union side.
^opfederat^ 1/eterap.
20 1
ALABAMA— THE RELATION 01 THE STATE TO
THE BIRTH OF nil SOUTHERN CONFED-
ERACY.
BY JOHN WITHERSPOON DUBOSE.
The most enduring national character belongs to that family
of men which most has loved the traditions of preceding
generations and built upon institutions and forms of govern-
ment under which it had received life. The history of the
Jews has been through the ages the depository of original
Jewish character, which, like the broken mirror, is in all its
fragments tine same.
The province of the I'nited Confederate Veterans' Asso-
ciation is to make sure the history of its country, the motives
of its ambition, the processes of its vitality, and the heroism
that immortalizes its disappointment.
The people of Alabama, with spontaneous and universal ac-
claim, with acute knowledge, with instinct of the generations,
wait to greet upon their soil the twenty-seventh annual Re-
union of the United Confederate Veterans — the unparalleled
veterans!
Alabama on this fair page would recall how t lie star did
stand where millions of great people turned their hopes of
American principles oi political government. The Reunion in
annual assemblage is not only a memorial to invite the quick
and future generations to the fallen, but it 1- an echoing of
the immortal truth that fell.
The Confederacy was not .1 revolution, was no) rebellion nor
insurrection, not « is 11 "secession." In g 1 and under
law, laid in the foundations of tin- American idea, in wisdom
accepted by our great men and approved by the people in con-
ventions, the history of the Southern Confederacj app
jf^F? WTS*
■ -*V
JOHN WITHERSPOON DUBOSE,
Author of "Life and Times of Yancey," "Gen. Joe Wheeler and
the Army of Tennessee." and other historical works.
5*
the advancing expanse of human intelligence. It was written
aforetime of the foundations .if the Southern Confederacy
that "whenever the form of government bi Instruc-
tive of these ends, it is the right of the government to alter
or abolish it and to institute a new government."
In the annals of time no nation ready-born was so enlight-
ened in the art of civil government, so resourceful in self-
defense, so rich within its possi pulous upon
call as that formed in the Senate chamber of the Capitol of
Alabama. It is not amiss to bring here to the comparative
test the physical resources of the two Confederacies, the
Xorthern and the Southern. We select seven items of national
strength common to both— to wit: (11 Cash value of farms,
(2) capital in manufactures, (3) capital in banks, (4) value
of railroad mileage and improvements constructed in the
decade i*5o-<io. 151 value of 1 value of
steamboats, (7) value of slave property, owned only in the
one, but the usufruct chiefly in the other section.
The North, with twice the aggregate population, had of
these enumerated assets \ 754 ; while the South, or
.1- of [86
A Federal organization of American States was an original
policy of Virginia. Virginia led the first Congress of this
kind in the world, which met at Philadelphia September 5,
177-1 Patrick Henry said he bad come as "an American,"
not as a Virginian. Virginia had two to three times the
wealth and population of some other States. It had a half
dozen tunes the territory of many. The Congress resolved
that the vote should bi
count one. Thus the Federal system was given birth.
Mr. Lincoln said
pendent State. History is eloquent with renunciation of the
error.
Whili I later, still at Philadelphia,
Virginia called a convention May 5, 1770. al Williamsburg.
The convention resolved to declare State independence and to
Constitution. The convention considered
whethei I ! uld be invited to pn mmon
form of State 1 I he motion
was rejected. The Constitution that prevailed for a half
century over Virginia was thus adopted June 29. th.
b e the Declaration of Independi
The grounds or data held as prime import n in-
telligent estimate of the action of the Southern State
their wisdom in the reorganization of their Federal gi
mi nt 111 iy In- recalled :
1. The memorandum bequeathed by George Mason.
2. The petition led by Dr. Franklin to the first session of
the First Congress to abolish the importation of African
slaves.
Mason's Memorani
"Gt 11.. September 30, 1;
"Ex relatione G. Mason The Constitution as agreed t<
a fortnight before the convention rose was such a one as
he would have set his band and heart to. First, the Presi-
dent was to be elected for seven years, then ineligible for
seven years more; second, rotation in the Senate; third, a
vote of two-thirds on legislation on particular subjects and
expressly that of navigation. The three New England States
were constantly with us in all questions. (Rhode Island not
there, and New York seldom.) So that it was these three
States with the five Southern ones against Pennsylvania. New
Jersey, and Delaware. With respect to the importation of
slaves, it was left to Congress. This disturbed the southern-
202
^oi^federat^ l/eteraij.
most States, which knew that Congress would immediately
suppress the importation of slaves. These two States, there-
fore, struck up a bargain with the New England States. If
they would admit slaves for some years, the two southern-
most, they would join in changing the clause which required
two-thirds of the legislature in any vote. It was done. These
articles were changed accordingly, and from that moment
the two southernmost States and the Northern ones joined
Pennsylvania, Jersey, and Delaware and made the eight to
three against us instead of eight to three for us, as it had
been through the whole convention. Under this coalition
the great principles of the Constitution were changed in the
last days of the convention. ."
The First Attack upon the Constitution.
On Thursday, February II, 1790, at the first session of the
First Congress, Mr. Thomas Fitzsimmon, of Pennsylvania,
presented from his seat in the House the address of the yearly
Quaker, or Friend, meeting of Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware, and the western parts of Maryland and Virginia,
held at Philadelphia, against the continuance of the African
slave trade and praying Congress to remove that reproach
from the land. At the same time Mr. John Lawrence, of
New York, from his seat in the House presented an address
to the same effect from the Society of Friends in New York.
The next day the memorial of the Pennsylvania society for
promoting the abolition of slavery, the relief of free negroes
unlawfully held in bondage, and the improvement of the con-
ditions of the African race was presented and read.
The memorial was signed by Benjamin Franklin, President.
A bitter debate in the House followed. The question did not
reach the Senate. The Committee on Memorials reported, and
the House accepted its action : "That Congress has no au-
thority to interfere in the emancipation of slaves or in the
treatment of them within any of the States, it remaining with
the several States alone to provide any regulations therein
which humanity and true policy may require." The report
further advised, and was accepted, that Congress had au-
thority to restrain Americans from the African slave trade
with foreign countries and had authority to provide regula-
tions for the humane treatment of African importations on
shipboard anywhere, it is supposed.
Notwithstanding, the Quakers and others persisted. Two
years later Warner Mifflin, a citizen of Delaware, presented a
petition to the House for the general emancipation of slavery.
Mr. John Steele, of North Carolina, moved that "the paper
purporting to be a petition from Warner Mifflin be returned
to him by the clerk of the House and that the entry of said
petition be expunged from the journal." The House con-
sented to the motion of Mr. Steele. ("Benton's Abridgment."
Volume I.)
The Alabama Platform
James K. Polk, of Tennessee, a slaveholder, long in high
public office, came into the Presidency by the Democratic
party at the election of 1844. The President took the duties
of his office with undisguised ambition that his administration
should acquire the beautiful Bay of San Francisco, then osten-
sibly a possession of Mexico. His policy was to follow the
example of the Louisiana Purchase. A treaty of peace with
Mexico, following our conquest, was negotiated by the Polk
administration. The treaty gave the United States the vast
magnificent wild territory, with the coveted bay included.
But before the war with Mexico — two years, indeed, prior to
the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo — President Polk sent a
special message to Congress asking for money to purchase
territory from that neighboring country.
Now, as of old, came up from Pennsylvania a plaint from
the "struck bargain" of the Constitution involving slavery.
In 1846 Mr. David Wilmot, representative from Pennsyl-
vania, classed as a Democrat, a man of mediocre standing in
his party, moved an amendment to the appropriation bill to
meet the President's call. The amendment required "that
neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in
any "part of said territory except for crime," etc. That was
the thought that a quarter of a century before alarmed Mr.
Jefferson as a "fire bell in the night."
Thus prepared, Alabama now enters sectional politics with
her potentiality. The House bill came to the Senate. Senator
Dixon Lewis, from Alabama, moved to strike off the Wilmot
proviso. Thus the red rag was waved to the "bargain-struck."
Public feeling in the South, now intensely excited, saw that
the rivalry of the sections was to take the place of "bargain-
struck" in the rule of the government.
The quadrennial convention of the Democrats of Alabama
assembled in the Capitol in February, 1848, all the counties
being represented but Covington, an inferior political factor.
The business of the convention was to publish a party platform
and select delegates to the National Democratic Convention
expected to nominate a President and Vice President at Bal-
timore later in the year and to select electors.
With the utmost enthusiasm and without a note of dissent
the State Convention passed a platform. This Alabama plat-
form became the argument upon which the Southern Con-
federacy rested. This utterance of the Democracy of Ala-
bama ripened into the birth of the Confederacy under the
same roof where the State platform was published.
The author of the Alabama platform was William Lowndes
Yancey, a lawyer of Montgomery, a young man born in Han-
cock County, Ga., of distinguished ancestry.
The proposition published by the Democratic party of Ala-
bama as aforesaid was :
"Resolved, That this convention pledge itself to the coun-
try and the members pledge themselves to each other under
no political necessity whatever to support for the offices of
President and Vice President of the United States any per-
sons who shall not be openly and unequivocally opposed to
either the forms of excluding slavery from the territories of
the United States mentioned in these resolutions as being
alike in violation of the Constitution and of the just and equal
rights of the citizens of the slaveholding States."
Eight years passed. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" planted the
bountiful seed of fanaticism on both sides of the ocean. The
various factions of the anti-Southern following were preparing
to unite to put out a Presidential ticket for 1856 to rule or
ruin. The Governor of Alabama, John Anthony Winston, in-
vited seventy citizens to unite with him in a circular to the
people. The people were called to assemble by their delegates
in the hall of the House of Representatives to determine what
to do. They came — the most remarkable political meeting of
that epoch of American history. The mass, regardless of all
political antecedents that had divided them, assembled. The
convention sat day and night on January 8, continuing
through the next day. This mass meeting by their delegates
selected a delegation to represent Alabama in the quadrennial
national convention of the Democratic party to meet at Cin-
cinnati soon to nominate 1856 candidates for President and
Vice President of the United States. The head of the dele-
gation chosen was Hon. John Forsythe, of Mobile, a famous
Qor>federat:<? l/eterai).
203
Democratic leader. The convention next in order selected
the electors, Mr. William L. Yancey being at the head. The
delegation sent to Cincinnati was instructed to insist upon
the incorporation of the principles of the Alabama platform
of 1848 in the national platform, and the Cincinnati platform
complied with the Alabama request.
Stephen A. Douglas, a candidate before that convention tor
President, was defeated, as Alabama required
Alabama alone of all the States appeared at the National
Democratic Convention at Cincinnati in 1856, as represented
by a delegation chosen by a mass meeting of the people. Ala-
bama alone sent its delegation instructed to demand of the
Cincinnati convention the acknowledgment of the equal rights
of the South in the benefit of the common domain.
Situation in 1856.
The rapid growth of the revolution of the North, urged
by the New England immigration societies, by the vigor of
the Republican party, by the free States in nullifying the
Federal Constitution, the 'bargain-struck." by the" general
approval of Northern political leaders of the incendiarism of
John Brown— these and cognate acts of sympathy in the
North had the effect of uniting the South upon the policies of
Alabama, which were tirm and intelligent.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT DAVIS AT MONTGOMERY IN l86l
-°4
Qoi>federat(^ l/eterai?.
The University of the State was changed to a military
school with design to prepare officers for the militia or vol-
unteer army. The academy at Glennville, in an extreme
eastern county, and LaGrange College, in a northwest county,
were military schools. An act to organize military companies
and arm them in the most efficient way was formed.
Alabama's First Secession Movement.
In the early weeks of the session of 1859 the Senate passed
a joint resolution unanimously and later the House with
practical unanimity. This action placed Alabama in priority
of the States which by conventional process prepared them-
selves to secede and organize the Southern Confederacy.
The joint resolution stood as impeachable testimony for all
time to the solemnity of the public mind and the courage of
the people — to wit :
"Whereas antislavery agitation, persistently continued in
the nonslaveholding States of the Union for more than a
third of a century, marked at every stage of its progress by
contempt for the obligations of law and the sanctity of com-
pacts, evincing a deadly hostility to the rights and institutions
of the Southern people and a settled purpose to effect their
overthrow even by the subversion of the Constitution and at
the hazard of violence and bloodshed ; and whereas a sec-
tional party calling itself Republican, committed alike by its
own acts and antecedents and the public avowals and secret
machinations of its leaders to the execution of these atrocious
designs, has acquired the ascendancy in nearly every Northern
State and hopes by success in the approaching Presidential
election to seize the government itself; and whereas to per-
mit those whose unmistakable aim is to pervert its whole
machinery to the destruction of a portion of its members
would be an act of suicidal folly and madness almost without
parallel in history ; and whereas the General Assembly of
Alabama, representing a people loyally devoted to the Union
of the Constitution, but scorning the Union which fanaticism
would erect upon its ruins, deem it their solemn duty to pro-
vide in advance the means by which they may escape such
peril and dishonor and devise new securities for perpetuating
the blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity."
The sovereign convention anticipated was next elected on
December 24, i860, and assembled January 8 following in the
hall of the House of Representatives.
The Charleston Convention.
The quadrennial convention of the National Democratic
party was appointed to meet at a certain political center,
Charleston, S. C. The strategical choice of the city was evi-
dent. The convention assembled with omens of distress. The
Dred Scott decree had divided the Supreme Court in inter-
pretation of the "bargain-struck" ; the national party now as-
sembled represented the dissension that rent the Union. The
majority of the delegates were free-State men from States that
had already decided the controversy to come before the con-
vention. All the free States, except California and Oregon,
had fallen into the embrace of the new Republican party. It
was not to be expected that States which had set up after
full debate Republican party governments in all departments,
Republican partisan legislatures, Republican partisan execu-
tives, Republican partisan courts would within a few months
elect Democratic electoral colleges directed by the Alabama
platform of 1848.
Alabama entered the Charleston convention known of her
pledge by her legislature and by her dominant party to resist
the election of a revolutionary or black Republican President.
The delegation sent to the National Convention by the Ala-
bama State Democratic Convention took seats instructed to
withdraw unless the Alabama platform of 1848 should be ac-
cepted by the platform of i860.
Yancey.
By common consent of both factions of the Charleston con-
vention, both North and South, Yancey should be intrusted to
argue the cause of the South. Yancey was to speak for Ala-
bama. "While others wavered, caught now at this expedient
and again at that to turn the current he was setting against
them, against the Union itself, he held steadfast, undoubting,
to his simple theme. * * * Above all, his words rang upon
every theme he touched in a voice whose slightest tone thrilled
along the blood, so rich, so flexible was it, so compact of the
quiet passion of the mind." (Wilson's "History of the Ameri-
can People," Volume IV., page 281.)
Every hotel was packed, every inn overflowed, boats at the
wharf became lodging places for visitors to the convention
and delegates. Yancey and his brother occupied jointly a com-
fortable chamber. The brother had sought an hour of repose.
The orator entered and with an amused air said : "I have
just heard news; I have received from the Douglas men an
offer of a trade. Let Douglas take the nomination now; sec-
ond place on the ticket falls to me. The Douglas men will
see to it that I shall succeed to the prize in 1864." (State-
ment made to this writer while a guest at the home of the
brother, Hon. B. C. Yancey.)
WILLIAM LOWNDES YANCEY.
Qoi>federat^ l/eteraij.
205
The afternoon appointed for Yancey's speech arrived.
"The convention adjourned to meet at four o'clock in the
afternoon. Yancey and Pugh, Senator from Ohio, would
speak for their respective section?. The President, Caleb
dishing, of Boston, resumed his seat. The floor and gal-
leries were packed and the street without with hundreds de-
barred. Mr. Alfred Huger. a distinguished Charlestonian, a
friend of the orator's youth, accosted him at the door: 'Re-
member, it is great to have a giant's strength, but greater
not to use it.' * * * In the gloaming of the May day, the
high hall ablaze with light, the most elegant society of Amer-
ica gathered there, Mr. Yancey passed from his seat to the
stage. Instantly there burst forth from floor, from lobbies,
and from galleries the most wonderful demonstration an orator
ever evoked Frenzied crowds on the streets took up the
shouts from within and sped their deep torn far away into
the homes of the citizens. On rang the plaudits within and
without. 'The ladies covered him with flowers.' (Morning
report.) 'The silenced orator brushed a tear from his 1
In sheer weariness of its own ardor the clamor ceased.
"In tone and manner, even as a guest of the drawing-room
would address the company, the orator inquired of the Presi-
dent if the rule limiting the time to the floor might be relaxed
so that the discussion of the point upon which the orator
might be engaged when called should be allowed to be con-
cluded. The answer of the chair was drowned in the cry
from the floor: 'Co cm' < io on!'
"An hour and a half, alternating between profound -
and vehement applause, a Northern dclct si d the
chair, complaining that the convention was compelled to sub-
mit t" the indignity of proceedings unsuited to the place ami
occasion. United States Marshal Rynders, .1 notable politi-
cian, a delegate from New York, called in ringing words:
'If you would slop the applause, you must tjuiel Mr. Yancey.'
\s soon as his voice could be heard, Mr. B. F. Butler, dele-
gate from Massachusetts, shouted: '1 will march a regiment
to the support of Mr Vance} '" ("Life ami limes of Yan-
cey.")
The orator had not let fall a of "regiments." His
calm was notable, his action was moderate, his utterance was
"logic on lire." Wilson's description of him in his "Historj
of the American People" carefully suppresses the feature of
the delivery that is a ki a to the truth. Yancey did not speak-
to please, but to convince. His demeanor in general while
in delivery and the general tone of his voici would have been
becoming to a gentleman in private converse with ad
friends. Mr. Wilson nevei saw the man. For want of knowl-
edge where he wrote and for want of sympatln where hi
rendered judgment the renowned authoi teaches "He was
man of no majesty of presence, no adventitious grace of
manner." The curious may compare the portrait oi Yanci
in the book where many portraits of great Americans stand.
It may be assumed that Yancey stood face to face among the
great anywhere to be recognized as of among nature's peers.
The photograph from which the picture in Mr Wilson's bo
is taken was made in New York in i860
The Leadership of Alabama
We recount somewhat of the consecutive political acts of
Alabama that were leading acts that in eleven years foretold
the erection of the Confederate States of America:
I. The State Democratic Convention of 1848 instructed its
delegates to the National Convention to meet at Baltimore.
No other State, North or South, so instructed its delegates
to that convention.
2. Alabama on January X. 1K56. convened by delegates to a
mass meeting in the Capitol, regardless of all previous, polit-
ical affiliations, to demand admission to the National Demo-
cratic Convention at Cincinnati with the principles of the
Alabama platform of 1848. No other State, North or South,
so instructed its delegates.
3. The Democracy of Alabama, preponderating the State
with overwhelming force, assembled at the Capitol on Jan-
uary' 11, i860. The people thus in convention selected eight
leading citizens to represent them in the National Democratic
Convention at Charleston — to wit. 1*. S. Lyon (by acclama-
tion), Leroy Pope Walker, William L. Yancey, A. B. Meek,
John A. Winston, Levi W. Lawler, D. W. Baine, and H. D.
Smith, selected by the convention by ballot. Nineteen other
delegates filled the State's quota, selected by the chair.
The delegation as a whole was instructed to insist upon the
incorporation of the Alabama platform of 1848 in the plat-
form of the party at Charleston. The delegation was in-
structed by the State Convention to withdraw from the Na-
tional Convention upon the refusal of the incorporation of
the Alabama platform No other State, North or
South, so instructed its deleg.'
4 Alabama led the Southern States withdrawing from the
Charleston National Democratic I n; not because of
the accidental alphabetical order on the roll, but because of
instructions where no other instructions appeared save those
of Alabama.
5. The legislature na led all the Southern States
in the matter of time in the enactment of the necessary en-
abling power of the people to convene a secession convention,
labama alone of the Southern Stales or of any of the
States did deputize one of its private citizens to canvass the
whole Union, fron I ins, to preach the
legacy to the country, the "bargain-struck." upon which the
ms were brought into one government.
Yani vass.
Mr. Yancey protested against the p( rsonal duty. His
nation was refused by his fellow citizens. His engagements
with the fall courts must >na1
and financial loss. The demand upon him now came from
the North The opening speech was delivered at Memphis in
an open lot on the night of August 14 A self-constituted
committee of gentlemen to attempt
keep his appointment because of bodily risk from a mob.
The speech was delivered without the least preliminary ar-
rangement for the orator's protection. The effect upon the
audience was wonderful.
Appointments followed and wen kept promptly at Atlanta,
Knoxville. Richmond. Va . and Staunton. He spoke at
Washington. He said "The only issue in this campaign is
the integrity of the Constitution." lie passed on to speak at
Annapolis, at Easton. and at Frederick. At every place the
orator was met witli extraordinary interest, like nothing of
political discussion e\cr before
Cooper Institute, at New York, was selected for his de-
livery. The hall was packed to its limit. Amidst cheers of
welcome, the packed audience rose as the orator was intro-
duced: shouts of derision floated through the halls, and cries
of "Order, order" mingled with hisses.
The orator, with familiar self-control, said : "Fellow citi-
zens of New York, I trust an Alabamian may yet speak to
the citizens of New York in a spirit of fellowship. * * *
I speak to you to-night for the home I love better than any
206
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai}.
other home, for the State 1 love better than any other State,
for the section I love better than any other section."
At Faneuil Hall, later returning to several places in the in-
terior of New York, he closed the canvass of the free States
in Cincinnati with a wonderful demonstration. The Pike
Theater, at Cincinnati, was the meeting place, crowded be-
yond its capacity. In the peroration of two hours' fascinating
delivery the orator said: "I am not a prophet; I make no
prophecy. It does not become me here to indulge in gas-
conade. But, my countrymen, \ uu cannot carry out the policy
of the black Republican party. You cannot carry it out and
expect the South to remain submissively bowing down to your
supremacy. We are for Union. What Union? For the
Union, gentlemen, contained between these two lids [holding
up a copy of the Constitution]. * * * May that spirit of
justice and truth which prevailed among our common an-
cestry be ours to prevail in the loyal bosoms and great hearts
of this people, and may they respect each other as our fathers
respected each other! * * * If you have power, exercise
it like men. If you have intelligence, show it in the manner
in which you administer this government. If you have jus-
tice, let it prevail though the heavens fall. But do not, do not,
my friends of the North — I say it before you in no spirit,
gentlemen, of servile submission to your power or servile
acknowledgment of that pow'er. for as God rules I have no
fear of it, much as I respect it — but do not merely because
you feel that you have the power, do not wreathe your arms
around the pillars of our liberty and, like a blinded Samson,
pull down that great temple upon your heads as well as ours."
At several places in Kentucky and at Nashville, Tenn., the
orator spoke. Arriving near New Orleans, a special commit-
tee met him for an escort of honor. Business was suspended
as for a holiday. The several gay uniformed military com-
panies, several brass bands, and a vast throng of people
awaited the train. A procession bore the orator in great state
and enthusiasm. At Mobile and at Montgomery unequaled
public demonstration received his arrival, as if to surpass the
honors their countryman had been reaping abroad.
A New Oratory.
No demonstrations of welcome of a private citizen had ever
been exhibited as in the case of this Alabamian in the United
States, North or South. The oratorical tour of this Ala-
bamian in i860, prior to the national election of November.
was the earliest of equal importance known to the United
States. It is said of the oratory in this tour that, while the
speeches in consecutive order were, laid before the world by
the daily newspapers, the changing audience heard fresh de-
liveries. The topic was one everywhere, but fresh light was
shed upon it at every place At New Orleans the orator gave
the difference he found ; between Northern and Southern
methods of practical politics in its lowersense. He had been
told that a candidate for Congress in New York had paid out
$50,000 for his success. He said: "I was twice elected to
Congress, and my outlay was only $5." He drove his horses
from home to home through nine large counties, a welcome
guest in every one.
A Fearless Governor.
Governor Moore, on his own official responsibility, acted
in anticipation of the act of secession. Even before delegates
had been chosen to the Secession Convention the Governor
appealed to the banks within the State to suspend specie pay-
ment. The Governor argued that the State would in all
probability soon need at least' one million dollars coin. Again,
THE STATE CAPITOL AT MONTGOMERY.
before the ordinance of secession passed, this Governor of
Alabama gave notice to the President of the United States,
Mr. Buchanan, that on his own responsibility he had taken
armed possession of the United States forts, Morgan and
Gaines, and arsenal near Mobile, the munitions of war found
there, and the Mount Vernon arsenals.
The Confederate Government.
It may be profitable to recall that the ordinance of seces-
sion was passed by South Carolina earlier than any State,
December 20, i860, although, as we have seen, Alabama was
the first to prepare to call its convention. I happen to hold
a personal letter addressed by Hon. Robert Barnwell Rhett,
Jr., editor of the Charleston Daily Mercury, at the time here
discussed. The editor was naturally anxious to keep in touch
with the important events transpiring about him. The letter
states that the editor's father, then the leading statesman of
South Carolina after Calhoun, used his persuasion with the
Secession Convention there to name the capital of Alabama
to which South Carolina would invite the sister Southern
States to meet to reorganize their Federal relations. The
choice of the capital was recommended because of the leader-
ship of Yancey, of Alabama, in the project.
Confederate Congress.
At the hour of noon on February 4, 1861, deputies from
six States — South Carolina. Georgia, Florida, Alabama. Mis-
sissippi, and Louisiana — met in the Senate chamber of Ala-
bama. Alabama appropriated the first purse, the sum of
$500,000, to its use as a gift. On the third day it received
from Mr. Memminger, of South Carolina, the report of the
Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States of Amer-
ica to exist for one year from the date upon which it might
be adopted by the Congress. This action, without referendum,
was final.
Deputies to the Congress were not all of one mind. Mr.
Withers, from South Carolina, omitted to kiss the Bible while
taking the oath. Hon. A. H. Stephens, of Georgia, a Whig
and Unionist of extraordinary influence, had resisted the
secession of his State. He reluctantly appeared as a deputy
in the Congress. He had consented to leave home only in the
hope that he might prevail with the Congress to set up a
duplicate of the government of the United States, amended.
(Stephens's "Pictorial United States.") There was regret
1
Qopfederat^ l/eterar).
207
later of a complex civil system. Yancey thought it was pre-
mature. He would have recommended a Congress of one
house without a President. A commanding general in the
field, with a legislature to fix taxes, should have been the
practical Federal system
The Constitution.
It was the latest refinement of the American idea. It was
the revival of the Constitution of 1787. Mr. Memminger, of
South Carolina, reported the Provisional Constitution, and
Mr. Rhett. of that State, reported the Permanent Constitu-
tion
President Dams
The President elect was found by the messenger sent in
the garden. Mr. i);m> was perhaps the most impressive in
bearing of American public men. With General Lee. he
ranked with men of importance in majesty of demeanor
Horace Greeley said upon his visit to Congress that Mr. Davis
was offensive, not so much in what he said, but in his man-
ner.
The selection of Mr Davis as President was logical and
inevitable. When he appeared on the platform of the car that
bore him forward to the capital, his presence converted to the
secession faith the waiting throng at the station. A Whig
and still a Unionist who viewed the procession passing to
inaugurate the President remained tru< to his ancestral faith
until Mr. Davis became the center of al "When I
got a full view of him. I would hav< followed him to death,"
he exclaimed. The citj government selected Yancey to de-
liver its municipal welcome al the principal hotel. The
words were so well spoken, "The man and the hour have
met." so warmed the listening hearts, that the social order,
the Cradle of the Confederacy, Vlabama Division, United
Daughters of the Confederacy, years later had them chiseled
in white marble a1 the outer door of the building.
No doubt the newly made government recommended itself
to the reputation of the President in all countries. He was
widely known as .1 Senatoi ol peculiar enlightenment. The
Southern-bred of the officers of the United States army gen-
erally came to the Confederate service; some Northern-bred
also came. The position of Mi Davis is leader of that serv-
ice had a determining effect upon perhaps all. Lincoln had
then little acquaintance of civil or military men nf his time.
Beauregard
The Beauregard family had been more than a century in
Louisiana. They were of the aristocracy. The Confederate
general had been educated with utmost care. While a lad
of eleven he was pla< ed in New York under the tutelage
of two of the great Napoleon's high officers. He was entered
at West Point in his sixteenth year lie graduated as sec-
ond in his class oi Forty-five, lie distinguished himself in
Mexico. Several \e.irs later he spoke of an inclination to
leave the army. General Scott, hearing the report, wrote
earnestly and affectionately to the young officer urging him to
abandon the thought ; "They [Beauregard's services] hind
the affections of the army to you and perhaps hind you to
us." Gen. Pcrsifer F Smith, under whom he served in
Mexico, wrote, "I assure you, dear Beauregard." that he
shouldn't think of the step. The retirement contemplated was
abandoned. Early in 1S61 Major Beauregard was made com-
mandant at West Point. The Secretary of War promptly
revoked the promotion of an officer from the far South.
Four days after President Davis had taken the oath of
office he ordered Secretary of War Walker to telegraph to
Major Beauregard for his presence in the urgency at the
executive office. On February 26 the call was obeyed. He
was then appointed brigadier general, the first commissioned
with rank so high. The General was ordered to Charleston,
where the Confederacy had not a soldier or a gun. He was
expected to get troops and arms from Governor Pickens.
The Iron Ship Episode
One of the most interesting of government incidents at
Montgomery that reached the public ear was known as the
"iron ship" purchase
Mr. Prioleau, of Charleston, a member of the John Fraser
& Co. London mercantile business, conceived a plan to obtain
ships in Europe for the Confederacy, exchanged for cotton
by the government. With this view he reached London. Most
opportunely, he found there ten iron ships in port waiting for
a purchaser. Four of the fleet were large and of capacity
for war; the six remaining were smaller, but sufficient for
use. He was to pay for the whole fleet. The total cost of
buying, arming, and fitting out the fleet of ten ships was esti-
mated on its being placed on the Confederate coast for ac-
tion. The seller was acting for a company of East India
men, who had need of money. The price agreed upon was
four thousand bales of cotton The negotiation was closed.
The offer of the ships was made to the government at Mont-
gomery, but it was not accepted. (Letter of C. K. Prioleau,
"Military Operations of General Beauregard," Volume I.,
page 59.) The same ten vessels were used by the British
government to transport troops and munitions of war to
Canada at the time of the "Trent Outrage."
Mr. Davis gave his surgeon at Fortress Monroe a very im-
pressive explanation of the main complaint against the gov-
ernment while at Montgomery, as follows: "At the time of
secession there were not less than three million bales of cot-
ton in the South — plantation bales of four hundred pounds
weight each. These the Secretary of the Treasury recom-
mended to buy from the planters at ten cents in Confederate
currency. These three million bales were to be rushed off
ope before the blockade was of any efficiency and there
held for one or two years, until the price reached not less
than seventj "id, and we al! know that
it reached much higher during the war. This would have
given a cash basis in Europe of not less than a thousand
million dollars in gold, and all securities drawn against this
balance in bank would maintain par value. Such a sum would
have more than sufficed all the needs of the Confederacy during
the war. would have sufficed with economic management for
a war of twice the actual duration, and this evidence of
Southern prosperity and stability could but have acted power-
fully on the minds, the securities, and the avarice of the
New England rulers of the North." ("Prison Life of Jef-
ferson Davis," by Dr. Cravens, page 175.)
Mr. Davis said he privately approved the plan, but had not
time to study and take the responsibility of directing until
too late. Toombs and Stephens earnestly pressed the cotton
purchase and exportation. Stephens said that it would be the
basis of "the best currency the world ever saw "
Thk Declaration of War.
This was the most impressive legislative act of the Con-
gress enacted at Montgomery. It was announced as against
the United States by the Provisional Congress in the Senate
208
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
chamber of Alabama May 4. 1861. The United States never
declared war against the Confederate States. That govern-
ment thought its policy to wage war as an insurrection.
There was but one war, and that was between the two Con-
federacies. The war thus engaged remained four years on
two thousand fields with great slaughter and devastation.
There was no "rebellion," no "civil war." no "war of seces-
sion," no "war of the States."
Alabama never vacated her elements of autonomy in singu-
lar or in concrete, nor did any States in confederation with
her. Her civil functions, from Governor down, were in full
transaction under her law at all times until invaded by arms
and conquered. The situation was American and unparalleled.
There was the pact of thirty-one States— and what? There
had been no adjudication nor even an adjudicator visible to
say what. Under the situation eleven States, unbridled, con-
federated together. The English tongue does not attempt to
produce "civil law" from the collusion of eleven States with
any number of other States upon a political theory, identity
in prosperity.
The "war of secession" degenerates to an epithet with
other epithets dangerously to befog history. The Confederacy
was in full organization at Montgomery. The President of
the United States then denied his own authority to molest its
course. Governor Moore, in perfect confidence, gave notice
to President Buchanan that he had taken armed possession
of United States property in the name of the State. No re-
venge was offered, and no remedy was proposed. A new po-
litical party came into power under Lincoln to execute new
and revolutionary purposes.
Alabama waged no war as a State against any other State.
The Constitution of the Confederacy forbade such war. The
"War of the States" is a delusion and a confession. Alabama
waged no war, offensive or defensive, against Illinois or any
other State. The States of the Confederacy renounced each the
right to make war by the specific proviso of the Constitution.
There was but one war waged in 1861-65. I' was war
under the flag of the Confederate States, the troops wearing
Confederate States uniforms, the officers bearing the com-
missions of the government of the Confederate States. When
we tell the story of our war, we should refer to the nation
which bore our flag by its true name.
JOHN PELHAM, OF ALABAMA,
Youngest colonel of artillery in the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia, of whom General Lee said: "It is glorious to see such
courage in one so young."
NORTH ALABAMA IN THE WAR.
BY MRS. J. D. WEEDEN, HISTORIAN FLORENCE CHAPTER, U. D. C.
No part of the State proved so great a battle field as North
Alabama from the constant invasion of the Federal army.
From Florence and Lauderdale Counties nine companies of
one hundred men each volunteered during 1861, besides the
many who repleted the ranks afterwards. The first company
left that place on April 1 and, with one from Huntsville,
went to Mobile, where the 7th Alabama Regiment was formed
and sent to Fort Barnacas to protect the Gulf States from
invasion. Two weeks later the second company from Flor-
ence and Huntsville was made a part of the 4th Alabama in
General Lee's army, immortalized for its bravery. Number-
less brave deeds were performed by these dauntless soldiers,
who were of the leading families of the two towns.
Captain Ray, who commanded the Patton Invincibles, was
noted for his heroic bravery. This company was equipped
with uniforms, overcoats, etc., by Governor Patton, and all
were supplied with Testaments. Gov. Robert Patton gave
three sons to the cause. Capt. John Brahan Patton was at
Fort Barnacas in the 7th Alabama and was later transferred
to the 35th Alabama. He served faithfully the four years and
was severely wounded in the battle of Franklin, Tenn., from
which he never recovered. William Patton, having had mili-
tary training, organized his own company, equipped it, and
kept it in tents several weeks in Florence, drilling the men
and preparing them for service. His company was put in
the 16th Alabama under General Zollicoffer. In the battle
of Shiloh, while leading his company in an effort to take a
battery, waving his sword and calling out, "Boys, follow me,"
a Minie ball pierced his brain. Thus one of the most promis-
ing young men of Alabama was lost to the cause. Robert
Patton, the third son, left the State University as orderly ser-
geant with the one hundred cadets which were given as an
escort to Gen. Gideon Pillow and afterwards transferred as
escort to Gen. Dan Adams. He was killed at Selma just a
week before General Lee surrendered at Appomattox.
Governor Patton, until the secession of Alabama, was a
strong Union man. He was President of the Senate when
the convention met at Montgomery January 8, 1861. When
Yancey came out of the convention and announced that the
ordinance of secession had passed, Governor Patton was
called on to speak. Standing on the Capitol steps, he spoke
to the large crowd in waiting and deplored secession; said
it would bring ruin and desolation to the South and cause
bloodshed over the land— a prophetic utterance. He was ap-
pointed Confederate commissioner and during the war raised
thousands of dollars with which to purchase supplies for the
army. He was elected Governor of Alabama in November,
1865, but was displaced in 1867 when an act of Congress
placed the State under military rule.
^oi}federat:<? l/eterap.
209
MOBILE IS THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.
BY BENJAMIN B. COX, MOBILE. ALA.
Mobile is an old Southern city which has the distinction
of having lived and thrived under five flags. It is filled with
historic places and is noted for its contributions of men and
materials of war that have made the city famous the world
over. The trials of her people in war and during visitations
of pestilence, flood, and famine have made them renowned
for their courage. Her people are hospitable, and the right
hand of fellowship is always extended to the stranger who
comes within her gates. Her geographical position, together
with her great possibilities afforded by a magnificent river
system, is attracting the attention of the government as a
most suitable site for a government dry dock for a shipbuild-
ing plant. Notwithstanding her trials and tribulations, and
they have been many, she is now forcing herself to a position
of prominence in the commercial world. It is the intention of
the writer to picture some of the scenes and incidents in and
around this old 1 ii' during the War between the Stales
1 1 it kTINi 5SION of Virginia
In the early pari of Vpril, 1861, the Alabama State Artil-
lery placed on< 0 eld pieces on the wharf at the foot
of Government Streel and with a detachment of its company
fired a salute in honor of the fact that by an act of the legis-
lature the State of Virginia had withdrawn from the I'liion.
War between (he States was then a certainty. The war god
had mounted his charger, and the word of command was,
"Follow inc." 1 til prevailed throughout the city, the
troops were made ready to move, and on the afternoon of
April 23, [86l, amid the booming of cannon and the ringing
of bells, the Mobil 1 dets left the city by boat; then fol-
lowed the Mobile Rifli 4th, the Washington Light
Infantry on the 25th, and the Gulf City Guards on the 26th.
lb. e companies were sent to Montgomery, Ala., where, with
other companies, they wire mustered into service as the 3d
Alabama Infantry and senl to Virginia.
The sights presented on the days of the departure of these
companies can never be effaced from the memory of those
who were witnesses. It w;is Mobile's first offering on the
altar of sacrifice for a cause that she held sacred. The river
steamers St. Charles, Si Nicholas, and Southern Republic had
flags flying, bands and steam calliopes playing "Dixie," while
mothers, fathers, sweethearts, and wives, 111 the midst of heart-
rending sobs and tears, bade their loved ones good
As soon as they could be made ready the German Fusileers.
the Guard Lafayette, the City Troop, and the Alabama State
Artillerj followed. From this time on warlike demonstrations
were to be seen on every hand. On May 28, 1861, thi
eral steamer Powhatan, under command 1 1 1
Porter, hove to off Mobile Bar, and the commander at once
notified the British consul that perm ,11 the
towboats to take at once all the British merchantmen I
When this had been accomplished, Mobile was blockaded and
completely closed up. except for the occasional arrival and
departure of a blockade runner.
Blockade Runners
The Cuba, Denby. Heroine. Mary, Gray Jacket, Red Gaunt-
let, and the Alice Vivian composed the fleet of daring ships
that were engaged in this trade. Cotton for Havana was their
principal cargo, where it was sold to the English people, the
principal return cargo of these ships being rum. tobacco, medi-
5**
cines, and dry goods. The Denby, the Mary, and the Heroine
were constructed of iron and were built on the Clyde, in
England. The Cuba was an old m ner between
New Orleans and Mobile The Mice Vivian was an uprivcr
steamer converted for the purpose. The Gray Jacket and the
Red Gauntlet were built by the Mealier Brothers at Magazine
Point, three miles above the city. The Cuba was blown up in
the Gulf when about to be overtaken by a Federal steamer.
All her crew, who est aped in small boats, were captured and
sent to Dry Tortugas until tin The Denby
was built and operated b
stevedore, to whom this little boat brought great wealth by
her many dangerous exploits. The Man
Henry, a very rich crockery 1 • Mobile. This boat
was also a great money-n e other boats made a trip
occasionally, but u 1
Building a X
The first actual preparation for the building of a 11a1
the defense of Mobile was commenced after the legislature
of Alabama on November passed a bill, prepared and
introduced by Mr. C. C. Langdon. the sum of
$150,000 for the con- of a navy and naming L. T.
Fleming, Palmer T. Pillii Duke W. Good-
man, and Lieutenant Johnston, C. S. X.. a commissi
supervise the construction of an iron gunboat and ram. This
commission immediately set about its work. Prior to the war
there were three large, well-built lighters used in the transpor-
tation of cotton and other to the ships in the lower
bay — the Baltic, Dick Keyes, and the K
the commission selected the steamer Baltic as e most
suitable for conversion and in time had transformed her into
a gunboat and ram. This commission also selected the mail
line steamer Florida, and she also was converted into a gun-
boat and renamed the Sclma and did splendid service in the
battle of Mobile Bay. The Baltic was placed in ct
Lieut. James D. Johnston and the Selma under Lieut. Patrick
U. Murphy. On the completion of these two boats the com-
mission had expended the appi the legisla-
ture, and after their report to that body they were discharged
with a vote of thanks.
While these boats were being made ready the government
had established a navy yard at Mobile, which was part of the
one that had been established at Selma, with Commodore
Farrand in charge at Selma and Captain Wadlington in com-
mand at Mobile.
The Gaines and the Morgan were both built on the river
front at Mobile, the former at a point between Madison and
Canal Streets, and the latter between Charleston and Texas
Streets at a point near the old dry dock in the Choctaw
2IO
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
Swamp district. The supervision of construction of the
Gaines was under William Beard, and that of the Morgan was
under Thomas Templeton, both of these men being ship-
builders and masters at their trade. After the war they lived
out their lives in Mobile.
When these boats were completed, the Morgan was placed
in command of Lieut. George W. Harrison and the Gaines
in command of Lieut. J. W. Bennett. The launching of these
vessels was made the occasion of a great celebration, and
each was attended by people of note in the State of that day.
Although a small boy at the time, the writer remembers seeing
the workmen when the word was given to knock the chocks
from under the cradles on which these boats were built and
when the great crash came saw them glide gently and beau-
tifully, with flags flying, into Mobile River, a sight which he
hopes to see some day again in Mobile.
Shortly after the building of the Gaines and Morgan the
ram Tennessee, which was partially constructed at Sehna, was
floated to Mobile to have her armament placed on her. She was
landed at the foot of Theater Street, to be in close proximity
to the foundry of I. D. Spear & Co. This firm was also the
owner of the Selma Iron Works. Between the foundries of
Spear & Co. and Park & Lyons this ship was completed and
made ready for sea. On account of the shallow water on Dog
River Bar, caissons were built and placed under the vessel
to lift her over the shoal places in the channel. On March
24, 1864, Lieutenant Commander James D. Johnston was
placed in command of the ship, and on May 16 Admiral Buch-
anan's flag was hoisted on the Tennessee. On the 18th of
May, 1864, she was towed up Mobile River and into Spanish
River and down the channel to the anchorage in Mobile Bay.
With the Baltic, Selma, Morgan, Gaines, and Tennessee, the
fleet at Mobile, under command of Admiral Buchanan, was
now complete.
The Submarine Hunley.
This little cigar-shaped craft was named for a Mr. Hunley.
a very well-to-do cotton merchant of New Orleans, who had
promoted the building of a submarine at New Orleans which,
for some reason or other, was not a success. William Mc-
Clintic prevailed upon him to come to Mobile, and, in com-
pany with Thomas Park and Thomas B. Lyons, of the firm
of Park & Lyons, and William A. Alexander, he began
at once the construction of the submarine Hunley, better
known as the cigar boat on account of its resemblance to
a cigar. This was the first submarine boat ever built that
did the work of destruction for which it was intended. The
keel of this vessel was laid in the old Bethel Church, on
Water Street, between Theater and Monroe Streets. Her
outside construction was of boiler iron riveted together, and
when this was done she was sent to the foundry of Park &
Lyons, where the mechanical part of the boat was made and
where she was finished. She was then placed in charge of
Lieut. John A. Payne, who handled the boat around Mobile
until it was decided to send her to operate around Charleston
Harbor. John Payne was sent to the gunboat Gaines, and the
Hunley was given to the command of Lieut. George E. Dixon.
Previous to the war Dixon was an upriver steamboat engi-
neer, and when the war broke out he joined the Washington
Light Infantry, Company B, under command of John F.
Cothran, and was made first lieutenant of this company.
Dixon left Mobile with seven other Mobilians, and their opera-
tions around Charleston in the sinking of the United States
steamship Hoosatonic brought fame to this little submarine,
although losing herself and those that were in her.
Some have written that Lieut. John A. Payne was with
this boat in Charleston Harbor, but such is not the fact. John
Payne was second lieutenant of the gunboat Gaines and helped
to fight that ship in the battle of Mobile Bay. There are yet
living one or two citizens who, in company with myself,
played about this boat when we were boys.
I Mini's Received by President Davis.
In the spring of 1862 the fire department brigade was or-
ganized of members of the several fire companies. This bri-
gade and the companies in Mobile from the lower coast
towns prior to their being sent to the front were reviewed
on Government Street by President Jefferson Davis and his
staff. After this they were dispatched to the front, and then
the city began to have a lonesome appearance.
On the outskirts a battery was built on every road enter-
ing the city, and quite a number were built within the cor-
porate limits, these forts being manned by the Alabama State
Artillery. '1 he ladies of .Mobile, moved by a spirit of patri-
otic pride, sold their jewelry and diamonds and paid for the
construction of a fort on the Bay Shell Road just below Choc-
taw Point, which was known as the Ladies' Battery. In
the Bay of Mobile two batteries were built, one to the east of
the channel at the entrance to Mobile Bay and known as
Battery Gladden, and the other at the mouth of Spanish
River, about two miles to the north and east, known as Bat-
tery Mcintosh. These forts were in command of Hutchi-
son's Battery.
The care of the city was left to the home guard. This
company was in command of Capt. Price Williams, Sr., and
its members were men too old for service, ranging in age
from fifty to seventy-five years of age. They were armed
with pikes and did police duty about the city.
After the expected naval engagement had taken place in
Mobile Bay, the suffering of the people of our city will never
be forgotten until death has claimed the last person who
was in Mobile at the time. The people were hungry and had
to be provided for. Soup houses were established throughout
the city, and every day those who were in need were fur-
nished bread anil soup. This means of relief was continued
until the end.
Battle at Spanish Fort.
Canby's army was now working its way up the eastern
shore of Mobile Bay to attack Spanish Fort in an effort to
take the city of Mobile. In this tight two thousand Confed-
erate soldiers in this fort held in check sixty thousand Fed-
eral troops for one week. The attack on the fort began on
Monday and continued without intermission day and night
until the following Saturday, when they were forced, on ac-
count of lack of ammuntion. to evacuate. The booming of
cannon and the rattle of musketry could be easily heard,
and at night the bursting of shells and the flashes from the
cannon could be plainly seen from the docks in Mobile.
One morning in the month of April, 1865, the mayor, Hon.
R. H. Slough, accompanied by members of the city council in
carriages, made ready to surrender the city and proceeded,
with a large white flag flying, to a point near the old Mag-
nolia Race Course, on the Bay Shell Road, where they met the
Federal troops and surrendered the city. The United States
transport General Banks landed a squad of marines in the
lower part of the city, and they at once proceeded to the
customhouse, where they hoisted the American flag.
At about three o'clock in the evening of the same day the
Federal troops entered the city, coming up Conception Street.
Qoi)federat^ l/eterar?.
21 1
S^
-Cf .
^ — ■*
rK
/WrX /MORGAN
PEN ORAWINd I8fr* BY
,- GEO. S WATERMAN c S
FORT MORGAN AND THE BLOCKAI'IM,
In a short wink- the whole cit) wis filled with Federal sol-
diers, and inside of a week there were about twenty
sand soldiers in Mobile lining was .1 yreat source
of revenue, and for a time money was plentiful. Shortly
after their arrival th< I th< surrendei oi General Lee
1 in Mobile, and the war was at an end. after four
long years ol suffering Shortly afterwards a horribli
■ li in 1 ccurred in Mobile which added more suffei
I 111 1 xpi OSION w Mobile.
Of all ilie many disastrous occurrences that it lias been the
mine of Mobile to be visited with, the in the
cotton warehouse district was the most serious. On the
afternoon of May 25, 1865, between two and three o'clock,
while our city was yet in the hands of the invading army.
through the careless handling of loaded ammunition which
was being placed in an improvised arsenal, a shell was ex-
ploded, and almost all of the buildings in the cotton district
wen destroyed, together with hundreds of lives of our citi-
7cns. On the JQth of August, 1865, a meeting of all those
whose property had been destroyed was held in the office of
the Mobile Insurance Company. Mr. Jonathan Emanuel, on
motion, nominated Mr. Nelson W. Perry as chairman and
Mr. Charles 11. Konde as secretary, and a special committee
was appointed for the purpose of arriving at the facts ;
ing the cause of the disastrous accident and the amount of
damage sustained by each individual linn or corporation, which
was intended to Serve as a basis for indemnity against the
United States government. The final report of the committee
made an estimate of tin- damage to property at $728,892.
By the courtesy of Judg< Neil McCari [obile, who
was himself a Confederate soldier, the writer came into pos-
session of ' . which is in book form.
printed in 1869, and in ex
istence. Ibis report goes ruction and
'bath whii if tins explosion and tell-
how the work of rescui wi idanger the
lives of the rescuers, many of whom ventured too far into
the burning district, led on by the groans of helpless suf-
fieck< d even b)
the 1 umoi tint there wen p del
not yet exploded. The - -lie city were -
with the debris, and mat ami dwellings were un-
rred a pond of water ten
feet deep was left.
T11 - 1 1 ; 11I: w.
This story would not h> e without mention of the
most historic naval engagement e\er recorded, and in order
accurate information the writer called on Gen. J. \Y.
Whiting, the man who fired the first gun in the battle of
Mobile Bay All through the telling of bis story the flashing
of his eyes, the tremor in his voice, and the occasional start
from his chair showed that he was fig! 1 again the
battle of that eventful day of August 5, 1864. The following
is General Whiting's own story :
"In July. 1S04, the Federal fleet was largely increased.
Toward the end of July it became evident that an attack
would be made, as the number of war ships had been in-
creased to fourteen large ships and four monitors, and
212
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
eral troops had been landed on the west end of Dauphin
Island and opened an attack on Fort Gaines, three-quarters
of a mile distant across the Bay of Mobile. Anticipating an
attack by the Federal ships, the garrison of Fort Morgan
had slept on the ramparts for several nights. On the night
of August 4, 1864, I was officer of the day and remained on
the ramparts with the troops. About 6 a.m. on the 5th I
GEN. J. W. WHITING.
noticed a movement of the Federal ships which indicated an
intention to enter the bay and run by the forts. I so noti-
fied Gen. R. L. Page (a native of Norfolk, Va.), who was in
charge. Soon all the troops were at their posts, awaiting the
approach of the fleet, which was led by the four monitors.
I had the most prominent battery on the fort, and when the
fleet got within gunshot General Page turned to me and
said, 'Open the fight, sir,' which was instantly done, my fire
being followed by all the guns of the fort that could be
brought to bear. The roar of the guns was terrific, so much
so that orders had to be screamed to the gunners who were
within three feet. The hulls of the wooden ships could not
be seen on account of the dense smoke. The Confederate
naval ships, one ironclad and three little weak wooden ves-
sels, now engaged the Federal ships, and the fighting was
fierce. The first ship in line of the Federal fleet was the
monitor Tecumseh. When nearly opposite the fort, I observed
confusion on her and reported the fact to General Page. He
said, 'Give her another shot,' which I directed myself. She
had been struck by a torpedo and turned turtle. Fourteen
men escaped, and about one hundred went down with the
ship.
"During the heavy firing from the fort and while the men
from the torpedoed monitor were in the bay one of the
Federal ships sent a yawl to pick them up. When this was
noticed by the officers on the fort, not a gun was fired at the
rescuing party, and they were landed safely aboard the ships
of their fleet.
"The Oneida, being the last ship in the line, suffered the
most. After the siege and during the ceremonies of sur-
render, a naval officer came up to me and, introducing him-
self, said : 'I understand you commanded the battery over the
lighthouse.' On my affirmative response, he then said : 'A
shell from the rifle gun struck and exploded the steam drum
of the Oneida's boiler, wounding and scalding thirty or forty
men. Where was the gun made?' I told him.
"Some extracts from the report of Lieut. John Codding-
ton Kinney, first lieutenant of the 13th Connecticut Infantry
and acting signal officer, U. S. A., who was on duty on the
flagship Hartford during the passage of the fort, will give an
idea of the carnage and wreck done during the battle. This
report says :
" 'Owing to the Hartford's position, only a few of her guns
could be used, while a deadly rain of shot and shell was
falling on her, and her men were cut down by scores, unable
to reply. The sight on deck was sickening beyond the power
of words to portray. Shot after shot came through the side,
mowing down men, deluging the decks with blood, and scat-
tering mangled fragments of humanity so thick that it was
difficult to stand on deck, so slippery it was. The old, old
expressions of the "scupper's running blood," "the slippery
deck," etc., give but the faintest idea of the spectacle on the
Hartford.
"'The bodies of the dead were placed in a long row on
the port side, while the wounded were sent below until the
surgeon's quarters would hold no more. A solid shot coming
through the bow struck a gunner on the neck, completely
severing his head from his body. One poor fellow (after-
wards an object of interest at the great sanitary commis-
sion fair in New York) lost both legs by a cannon ball. As
he fell he threw up both arms just in time to have them also
carried away by another shot. At one gun all the crew on
one side were swept down by a shot which came crashing
through the bulwarks. A shell burst between the two for-
ward guns in charge of Lieutenant Tyson, wounding fifteen
men.' "
General Whiting's narrative concludes : "The garrison at
Fort Morgan consisted of five companies of Alabama artil-
lery, one company of the 21st Alabama Infantry, and two
skeleton companies of Tennessee heavy artillery, in all about
five hundred men, from which should be deducted the sick
and extra-duty men, leaving for active service four hundred
and twenty-five men."
The battle of Mobile Bay between the ram Tennessee, the
Morgan, Gaines, and Selma and the Federal fleet took place
about eight miles up the bay from Fort Morgan. The his-
tory of the conflict has been so often told that its repetition
here would be tiresome; but I cannot close this article with-
out telling of a human incident which took place during that
battle.
Capt. Patrick U. Murphy, of the Confederate gunboat Sel-
ma, and Captain Jouette, of the United States steamship
Metocomet, previous to the war were classmates at college,
and during the war each knew of the other's whereabouts.
When the fight was at its height and the ships of the Fed-
eral fleet were fighting in formation line, Captain Jouette
knew that Captain Murphy commanded the Selma. He sig-
naled to the flagship Hartford for permission to engage the
Selma alone. Back came the signal, "Go ahead," and in a
few minutes the duel between old friends was on. For a few
Qo^federat^ l/eterai).
213
moments the fighting was fast and furious, during which
Captain Murphy v ded by a splinter and had to be
carried below deck. The Metocomet, being the better-equipped
boat, soon compelled the Selma to strike her colors. Soon
after the duel was over the gig of the Metocomet was along-
side of the Selma, and as Captain Jouette went up the com-
panionway he was seen to have something in his hand re-
sembling a leather grip. He went immediately to Captain
Murphy's quarters and took the formal surrender of the ship.
The little black leather grip was opened, and a "Here's to
you" and a "Drink hearty" were indulged in. Two old
friends had met, had fought out the fight, had performed their
duty as men, and buried their differences in that social -
change. Captain Jouette had Captain Murphy removed to
his quarters aboard the Metocomet, on which the other
wounded of the Selma neyed as prisoners of war,
and placed in the hospital at Pensacola, Fla.
After the close of the war Capt. Pat Murphy spent the
rest of his life in Mobile. His days were spent without
labor, for every door was open to him, and to take money
n Capt. Pat Murph daily refreshments was not
in keeping with the Southern spirit ; in fact, his money was
counterfeit
News of I'M
On the fall of the defenses of Mobile, Secretary of the United
States N; ig telegram to the
Washington Navy Yard :
"Navy Departmi n r, Sepl
"Commodore J. B. Montgomery. Commander of Navy Yard,
Washington. V. C: Fire a salute of one hundred guns at
twelve o'clock in honor of the capture of the defenses of
Mobile. • on Wells,
1 a?y."
ALABAMA1
Father Abram J. Ryan delivered an address before a Con-
federate Memorial Association in Wilmington, N. C, in
1879. After his address many ladies of the town went to his
hotel and asked for his autograph. Not having an autograph
album, Mrs. S. V. Darby asked Father Ryan to write in her
prayer hook, and he wrote thi
"My name is nothing,
And my songs are
The poet passes
With his songs away —
Echoes of earth
And little worth.
The priest's sw< et massi s
\nd his fervent prayer.
When all song pas-
Live fore'er and e'er.
And 1 will pray for thee.
How much more strong
Than any song
Is prayer, which moves eternity'
May God's grace
Shine o'er thy way
And guide thy heart
To heaven's eternal
—Abram J. Ryan"
2I4
Qopfederati^ l/eterap.
SELMA AXD DALLAS COUNTY, ALA.
BY D. M. SCOTT, ACTIVE ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL
ALABAMA DIVISION. U. C. V.
In 1815 a pioneer from Tennessee, Thomas Moore, located
at High Soap Stone Bluff, on the Alabama River, and estab-
lished a trading point and steamboat landing, naming it
.Moore's Bluff.
In 1817 the Selma Town Land Company was organized by
William R. King, afterwards Vice President of the United
States. Colonel King owned large bodies of land in King's
Bend and lived in royal style, owning many slaves. The com-
pany laid out streets and sold lots. On the 4th of December.
1820, an act of the legislature incorporated the town of Selma.
Colonel King was a literary character, fond of the ancient
poets, and found in the poems of Ossian, the blind poet, his
inspiration. Caledonia, father of Ossian, had his residence at
Selma. Among these poems were the "Songs of Selma," and
from this source Colonel King secured the name given to this
beautiful city, perhaps the only town of the Old South that
clings tenaciously to its traditions. Cahaba was the county
seat until after the close of the war of the sixties, when the
county courthouse was removed to Selma.
The manhood of Selma was aroused when the tocsin of
war sounded in April, 1861, and in a few months five com-
panies of gallant young men were organized. Capt. N. H. R.
Dawson raised the first company, the Magnolia Cadets, fol-
lowed by Capt. Thomas J. Goldsby and the Governor's Guards.
Then came the sober and settled men under Capt. T. C.
Daniels, of the Selma Blues, who left the Commercial Bank
as cashier to lead this company. Captain Daniels was killed
leading his company in the battle of Second Manassas. Then
followed the Phoenix Reds, under Capt. J. M. Dedman. The
fifth company was commanded by Dr. James Kent. Thus did
the little town of Selma within twelve months furnish to the
Confederate army over six hundred men, rank and file. Caha-
ba furnished one company, the Rifles, commanded by Capt.
C. C. Pegues, who fell in battle as colonel of the 5th Alabama
Infantry. This was not all, for Selma furnished many men
for other companies not raised in Selma. More than twelve
hundred men of Selma served the Confederacy.
When the war began its destruction of life and property,
the advantages given by nature to the location of Selma soon
became apparent. The Confederate government had to have
cartridges, saltpeter, powder, shot and shell, rifles and cannons,
and ironclad gunboats. For the production of all these the
facilities were greater at Selma than at any other place in the
South, save perhaps Richmond, Va. A niter-mining bureau
was established by Colonel Hunt, superintended by Jonathan
Haralson, and a naval foundry, under competent mechanics,
where the largest cannons were made of Alabama iron. Capt.
Catesby A. R. Jones, an eminent naval constructor, was in
command of the navy' yard and naval foundry. An arsenal,
within the walls of which were employed hundreds of men
and women, under command of Col. J. L. White, manufactured
cartridges, clothing, knapsacks, and other quartermaster sup-
plies. There were many privately armed ironworks, all em-
ployed by the government for various departments. Not only
was Selma the most advantageous point for manufactories,
but it was accessible and surrounded by one of the most pro-
ductive sections of the South. Corn, fodder, hay, bacon, and
beef cattle could be more easily centered at Selma than at any
other point to be distributed to all the Confederate armies.
Under Maj. S. E. Thames and Capt. John C. Graham, the sub-
sistence department distributed millions of dollars.
GEN. WILLIAM J. HARDEE.
General Hardee was a native of Georgia, but made his home in
Selma after the war and is buried there.
In the navy yard were constructed the ironclads Tennessee,
Selma, Morgan, and Gaines, all equipped to completeness, not
equaled by any in the Federal navy, and all from material
made at Selma, thus proving that as powerful and perfect
ships could be built at Selma as anywhere in the world from
Alabama materials and mounted with guns of the largest
caliber. It is not inappropriate here to quote the account of the
conspicuous part these four ironclads took in the naval battle
of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1861, given in the official report
by Commodore Farragut, commanding the Federal navy :
"At six o'clock in the morning the fleet of fourteen splendid
vessels with slow and stately pace steered toward Fort Mor-
gan. The Hartford, the flagship, with the Tecumseh in the
lead, fired the first shot. Both Forts Morgan and Gaines
opened on the fleet. The Tecumseh struck a torpedo, and
the gallant Cravens and his crew, about one hundred and
twenty soldiers, found a watery grave. Every gun that could
be brought to bear from the fleet was constantly served. In
the beginning Fort Morgan itself seemed like a wall of fire, but
in a few minutes was obscured by smoke. As the Tecumseh
sank, the Hartford rushed forward and took the lead. One
hour of intense excitement, one hour of straining toil at the
guns, and the fleet passed the fort and entered the bay. Then
the Confederate navy — the ram Tennessee, the Morgan, the
Gaines, and the Selma — opened fire. The Metocomet gave
chase to the Selma and captured her and her crew of ninety
officers and men. The Morgan escaped up the bay. The
Gaines took shelter under the guns of Fort Morgan. The
iron ram Tennessee, like a monstrous thing of life, stood up
with threatening aspect for the Hartford. Seeing this, the
commodore [Farragut] signaled the monitors and wooden
Qoi^federat^ l/eterai).
21
vessel best adapted to attack her, not only with their guns,
but bows on at full speed. For two hours the struggle was
desperate and fearful. The ironclads grappled fiercely with
their huge antagonist ; the wooden vessels with no romantic
valor bore down on her invulnerable sides. Finally the Man-
hattan with fifteen-in penetrated her armor, and a
shot from a monitor in her steering is rendered her
helpless. The white Hag appeared, and twenty ■.Hirers and
one hundred and seven tj men surrendered. Her loss wa
eight men killed and wounded, Commodore Buchanan, her
commander, being serioush wounded. The loss in the Federal
navy was fifty-two killed and one hundred and si
wounded."
Thus did a Sejma-built vessel single-handed light for two
hours at close quarters the combined struggles oi thirti
the finest-constructed vessels of the Federal navy, a contest
unexampled in the historj of naval warfare, and at a loss of
only eight killed and wounded of ' crew of one hundrei
ninety officers and men
As a matter of precaution, Si Ima was fortified Ixpcricnced
engineers planned irtifications. [These were built by
■laves impressed from the surrounding territoi istioned
line was constructed around thi citj from the mouth oi
Creek, on the southeast, to Vallej Creek, on the west, where
it empties into the Alabama River The capacities of Selma
and its importance to the Confederacy were recognized by the
Federal government as earlj as 1862, But t" reach it baffled
their commanders. General Sherman first made 1 li< .11
reach it from the west, but after reaching \l 1 • hun-
dred and seven miles west, was forced i" retreat I ■ the Mis-
sissippi River, General Grierson, from Memphis, was inter-
cepted by Forresl and
effort in 1864 and was di fi ated at Chehaw, Ala., ninety miles
east of Selma, by Lockhart's Alabama Battalion Finally, in
the winter of 1864, through th of General Thomas,
Federal, commanding the \nm oi renni 1 J. H.
Wilson was selected to raid Selma. lie was an experienced
officer, prudent and sagacious General Wilson was given
carle blanche in the selection of his command, and soon an
army of sixteen thousand men of the (lower of the Federal
army were assembled al Gt tvel Springs, on thi fei
River. The best-equipped cavalry force of the world at that
time, reenforced by splendid artillery, marched south on the
17th of March. 1X65. The Tennessee River was crossed on
the morning of March 17 in three divisions, commanded bj
Generals McCook, Long, and Upson. They moved without
Opposition almost until the 1st of April. 1865. At Eh
Church, mar Dixie Station, Ala., twenty-seven miles north-
r>pi ise the
invaders. There, it is said, I d Captain I a\
the 17th Indiana, had a running light with sabers, resulting in
the death of Taylor. Forn Selma hard pressed,
as he had a very inferior force in numbers 1 hi the '"
April 1 Wi tersville, twenty-two
if Selma Forn 1 at Selm
Gen. Dick Taylor was located at S
him that he could not hold Selm; [vised a n
Taylor insisted on holding Selma, hut '• 31 "with the
Selma on the tram west in the early
morning of April 2. Wils
. April 2. Awaiting his arm 1 men,
■
the afternoon the assault was madi I erate works
were manned by onlj a handful of men — nothing to resist an
immense army. Forresl h
men. lie . flanking Wilson, and
after inarching by a circuitous route reached Marion, \la .
Sunday night the saturnal "Burn, burn, burn," was
the order, and the ti
foundry, navy \ard. and all public works. In the destruction
most of the busi burned, and Si Im 1 is 1
nly a men 1
Old men and "1 physicians shouldered
guns and were placed in the line to iders
Several prominent citizens were killed and many wounded.
William Minter,
and Ri \ Mr. Small, a Presbyterian minister. Houses were
and robb erything valuable. With the fall of
Selma and the evacuation of Ri n the same day, \pril
j, 1865, the Confederacy fell.
after Wil - In
.
_' 1 6
(^oqfederat^ l/eterar?
less than three months the saw, hammer, and trowel were
busy, and by the fall of 1865 Selma presented a thriving ap-
pearance. The only thing to mar its prospects was the ap-
pearance of smallpox in most virulent form. It was not
confined to the poorer classes, but attacked people in all sta-
tions. The most remarkable change was in the currency. In
less than a month a thousand-dollar Confederate bill would
not buy one's breakfast. Greenbacks were almost as abun-
dant as Confederate money had been, and the change in cur-
rency was scarcely felt.
In May. 1866, the courthouse was removed to Selma from
Cahaba, and the latter was a deserted village. The Selma of
to-day is a new-made Selma. Capital, brains, and energy
have produced a city of 20,000 with unparalleled river facili-
ties and three trunk lines of railway. Selma bids fair to be
one of the South's most prominent cities.
[The following part of this article about Cahaba and Dallas
County during the war was prepared by Mrs. Anna G. Fry,
a daughter of Hon. Reese Gayle, who was a brave Confed-
erate soldier and a distinguished lawyer. Mrs. Fry's husband,
Dr. J. T. Fry, was surgeon of the 1st Texas Regiment and
later in charge of the hospital at Matagorda, Tex.:]
Life in Dallas County during the War.
In 1861 Dallas County was in the zenith of its glory
Throughout its broad domain wealth and luxury prevailed.
There were few poor people. Those who were not wealthy
were in easy, comfortable circumstances. The beautiful
homes of the wealthy planters were fitted up with every com-
fort and luxury that heart could wish. Surrounded by broad
acres of fertile plantations ; huge crops of cotton growing in
the fields ; hundreds of bales of cotton in the hands of com-
mission merchants in Mobile or piled under gin houses wait-
ing to be sold ; corncribs overflowing from last year's crops ;
smokehouses full of home-cured meats ; droves of fine stock —
horses, mules, sheep, and goats — feeding on luxuriant pastures
of Bermuda grass, blue grass, clover, and rye; the negroes,
singing and laughing in the fields, free from all care and re-
sponsibility, and, like their owners, a happy, contented people
surrounded by peace and plenty — it was an ideal pastoral life.
When Alabama seceded at the first call to arms, many of
the most prominent and wealthy men left these beautiful
homes, enlisted in the army, and went at once to the front.
Many too old to go to the war hired substitutes. Numbers
not only enlisted, but also gave large sums of money to aid
the Confederate government. Others physically unable to
enter the army made bountiful contributions in cash. Mr.
Joel E. Mathews, who resided near Cahaba, gave $15,000. be-
sides equipping several companies from his private purse.
Capt. Robert Hatcher, Col. Sam Hill, Judge John S. Hunter,
Dr. Allison Saltmarsh, Dr. T. W. Gill, James D. Craig, E. M.
Perine, Reese D. Gayle, and other wealthy men in this vicinity
and throughout the country also made generous contributions
to the government in money and negroes to work on the
breastworks at Selma and Mobile. At Portland it was said
that $150,000 was contributed in one day.
Cahaba, a place noted for its culture, wealth, and hospi-
tality, was at this time the capital city of Dallas County. As
in every other place in the county, the people were intensely
loyal to the Confederate cause. Political meetings were a
nightly occurrence. Blue cockades were on every breast ; the
greatest excitement and the wildest enthusiasm prevailed.
The Cahaba Rifles were mustered into service and went at
once' to the front. The night before the company left a per-
fect ovation was given them at Saltmarsh Hall, and a beauti-
ful silk flag was presented by Miss Anna M. Vasser, one of
Cahaba's most brilliant daughters. In an eloquent address
Capt. Christopher C. Pegues accepted the banner, and as he
ceased speaking and flung it to the breeze the house resounded
with the wildest applause.
^8 '
m
A\f
1 fljj
•j&fyC . '\ "*
* "\ >■ . >^0IMvV_ ,£.'i
■ ▼»
•
'•$-"
t*
■*
■
f
■
1
'For life was fair, ami lift was sweet,
And time sped by on flying feet."
The next morning the company held a review, and Judge
Pettus made them a parting address. They then formed
ranks, marched to the river, and went aboard the Southern
Republic, one of the largest and most beautiful steamers on
the Alabama River, and left for Montgomery and from there
to Virginia, where they were soon to be in the thickest of
the fight. Many of the Cahaba Rifles had with them their
bodyservants, who. with gray blankets, haversacks, and cedar
canteens strapped on their shoulders and wearing the
Confederate gray uniform, marched behind the company
as they all went aboard the boat. At the landing the
banks of the river were crowded with men, women, children,
and servants waiting to see them off. Every heart was filled
with grief; every eye was misty with unshed tears. From all
over the country they had come — from Selma, Pleasant Hill,
Burnsville, Summerfield, Harrells, Roads, Orrville, and Port-
land—mothers, sisters, sweethearts, and wives, to bid a last
farewell to their loved ones. As the boat floated off from the
landing the band played the "Bonnie Blue Flag." The sol-
diers shouted, handkerchiefs waved, women wept and watched
longingly until the steamer turned the bend in the river and
passed from sight.
After the departure of the Cahaba Rifles, the days sped
wearily by with us. Each heart was filled with melancholy.
We knew not how soon we would be called upon to mourn
the death of some dear ones. So many of our best young men
had gone! Only a few, besides the old men and the youths,
Qoi>federat^ tfeterai).
-17
were left at home with the women and children If the war
continued, we knew that our young boys would leave for the
army as soon as they were able to shoulder a musket. Al-
ready some had enlisted and gone to the front — John Babcock.
Tom Moss, Claude Vogelin, Walter Roarch. and many others
of our handsome, promising youths not out of their teens.
The others we knew would follow. Even now they could
scarcely be restrained. But we could not give way to dark
forebodings, nor sit down and nurse our grief. I' was time
for action; the necessities of the future were pressing upon
us.
No one could with certainty predict how long thi
would last. Some said six months; others, not so optimistic.
thought it would extend far into the .ear- and immediately
they began preparations to become self-sustaining. W<
we had enough provisions and clothing on hand for present
use, for everybody bought what was needed at the beginning
of one year to last until the next. Flour, sugai
coffee, tea, wines and liquors, brandies, spices, and condiments
all bought in wholesale quantities ind
■<•'■ spacious storeroom- everj n not to
mention the dry goods, boll
linsey and osnaburg for thi ni is and
the house servant-, and thi
medicines that were now on ' But if our ports were
blockaded, these supplies would 1. and
we would then be left entire!) dependent upon our own re-
sources. At this time nothing was made in the county
were no manufactories of any kind. Only a few old V
relics of a former age, knew how to d few had spin-
ning wheels except th( old-time flax wheels that had
kept as curiosities But, wondei em, in
a few months the bu of thi wheel and
were heard 'every win
V- the w ar » enl on, societies were formed in <
and hamlet to make clothe- foi t1 Our evening-
were spent in knitting socks, si a - to be sent
to the Army of Virginia and in making lint for the hos-
pitals. Our days were kept busy sewing and making clothes.
Every stitch we placed was a rosary of prayer for the suc-
cess of our cause. It has often been wondered how the peo-
ple of the South were able so quick pi themselves to
the great changes rendered necessa xle during
the Confederate war. But the Southerners, who were so re-
duced as the war went on and so compi I
own resources, belonged to the Anglo-Saxon race, a race
which, we all know. . -— -
despite the clamoi
of race quality, li -
civilized A m e r i e a
d will tell;"
and when it became
sary to pro\ e
what we rould do,
c I ry man, woman, W \
and child 1 a r g e
enough to understand
the situation rose to
the occasion and were
only too glad to im-
molate themselves up-
on the altar of the
Confederacy.
r
I \ \
Before the war very little besides corn and cotton had been
raised in Dallas County; but now as time passed great changes
took place, and everything necessary to sustain life was grown
in abundance, as well as many of the luxuri< - Wheat, rye.
rice. peas, and potatoes were cultivated and yielded an abun-
dant harvest. Many and various were the means employed
for threshing the wheat. Some planters arranged th
and fans to their ginhouses and portable threshers went
from pi on threshing fi
Others resorted to ruder methods and, like the people of
ancient times, placed the wdieat on a floor made of rai
frailed \ still mor< taking
a sheaf of wheat in both hands and : over a barrel or
box under which was placed sheets to catch the grains as they
fell. Then basket
and pouring it from an -moke-
there were large troughs, dug from bodies of trees
eight or ten feet long, in which meat was salted down when
freshly killed. Wheat was sometimes placed in these troughs
and thi with heavy sticks or wooden mauls
and winnowed by the wit
pay a government titl
paying the ' til the new
crop of wheat came on. I a substitute
for flour; but it was difficult to get bolting cloth, and the mills
did not like to make the bolted meal. 1
waffles could be nits and pie
and it made go - combined with sorghum mo-
1 ne of the bottom li-
as in the uplands. There were no mills to clean it with, and it
"1 to be bi at' n out in woodi I winnowed
by the wind. It was white, hut rather more broken
than if cleaned ilar mill.
Sugar was scarce and hard ' while sorghum was
grown in a ' make sugar, and only a
few were Mills were
the sorghum cane For r
wooden cylinders; for, strange as it may now appear to us
with our immense deposits of iron ore in Alabama, iron was
scarce, and things made of iron were hard to get. These
wooden cylinders did not extra i from the cane;
but that which was left was nol lo e had plenty of
hogs to which it could be fed. M
on sorghn re also
made from watermelons. - thought to be
liner than that made from
made from maple sugar and tasted especially good with our
Confederate buckwheat cakes made from meal ground out
of chicken corn, which we found a tine substitute for buck-
wheat. The watermelon sugar also made delicious candy,
combined with walnut-, hii ground peas. Many
who had maple trees on their plantation- sugar
and sirup as good as that from the North. We also found that
a good substitute for chocolate could be made cent ct peas
parched and ground and mixed into a paste with their own
oil, which was extracted for burning in our lamps and for
other uses where olive oil or sweet oil was needed
For castor oil we had the pal; v oil plant,
which ordinarily grew wild, but was now cultivated in patches
for its beans, from which castor oil as thick and clear as that
sold by druggists was extracted. Shoes and leather for mak-
ing them soon became scarce. So the planters were forced to
tan their own leather, and they produced a beautiful, soft.
pliant leather from which not only were shoes made for the
218
(^opfederat^ l/eterai?
soldiers and those at home, but it was used for harness, army
saddles, ladies' sidesaddles, ambulance traces, and for every-
thing where leather was needed. All kinds of hides were
tanned— horses, mules, cows, dogs, and, by some of the poorer
classes, hogs. But leather from hog hides did not prove
satisfactory ; the pores were too large and too wide apart,
and it stretched so that it was not desirable for many pur-
poses. There was a large public tannery in Cahaba. Some
of the most beautiful shoes seen during the war were made
from chamois skin from the Clarke County deer. They had
the appearance of suede shoes, so fashionable in late years.
Xo shoe blacking or polish could be bought during the
blockade, and it had to be made out of soot and oil of some
kind, usually that from ground peas or lard. This blacking was
applied with brushes made of hog bristles, and over this was
applied a paste made of bolted meal or starch. When dried,
it gave the shoes a very bright polish, equal to the finest
French dressing. Later on it was found that china berries
made a fine blacking when combined with soot, and in the
Confederate papers of those days may be found advertise-
ments for china berries by the bushel.
Each household became a factory within itself. On every
plantation scores of negro women were kept busy spinning
and weaving. Spinning wheels, reels, and warping frames
stood around everywhere. An old Scotchman, a Mr. Reid,
went from plantation to plantation to teach the use of the
flying shuttle and the more intricate art of weaving beauti-
ful cloth in stripes, plaids, and poplin effects, which made
lovely dresses. They also learned to weave coverlets, blan-
kets, carpets, and fancy cloth. At Orrville looms and spinning
jennies were manufactured, but the spinning machines were
not as satisfactory as the spinning by hand.
It was difficult at first to get dyes to color our thread and
cloth ; but this difficulty was soon overcome, for our near-by
woods supplied the bark, leaves, and roots that contained the
necessary coloring matter. The wild myrtle yielded a nice
gray dye for woolen goods. Sumac berries and walnut hulls
dyed a beautiful brown ; the root of the pine tree, a beautiful
garnet; the pokeberry, a dark, rich magenta; the wild indigo,
a lovely blue; hickory bark combined with alum, a brilliant
green; the rare ■queen's delight," a jet-black; while the pine
and sweet gum bark boiled together made our own beautiful
Confederate gray, to which there is no shade or color under
the sun equal and none so dear to the Southern heart. All
of these dyes had to be set with copperas, which was also
homemade by placing a small quantity of salt and vinegar
in a vessel and casting in old iron, rusty nails, etc.
Nearly all the plantations and small farms in Dallas County-
had large flocks of sheep, and out of the wool we learned to
weave our own beautiful Confederate gray cloth, which seemed
to us as soft and silky as broadcloth and which was so be-
coming to our Southern men. All kinds of cotton and woolen
goods were woven throughout Dallas County. Flannels, col-
ored and white or plaids, bright-colored balmorals, which
were so fashionable with grave or gay borders, and beautiful
blankets and coverlets were manufactured on every planta-
tion. Carpets were also made in some places. Yet a few
months before we did not know what a spinning wheel or
loom was.
In those Confederate days it was also difficult to procure
drugs. Everything of foreign manufacture was cut off by
the blockade. Quinine was so high that few could afford to
buy it, a two-ounce bottle costing from ten to thirty dollars.
The berries of the dogwood tree, which were found to con-
tain the properties of cinchona and Peruvian bark, were used
as a substitute for the much-needed quinine in our malarial
districts. Boneset grew wild abundantly. It was found to be
a fine tonic and a remedy for chills and ague. An efficacious
cordial for dysentery was made out of the blackberry root,
but ripe persimmons were found to be more drastic in effect.
Raspberry and huckleberry roots were also used for cordials
when the persimmons were not in season. An extract of the
bark of wild cherry and dogwood trees was used for chills
and fever, and roots of the mullein plant, globeflower, wild
cherry, and white ash were regarded as an infallible remedy
for coughs and all lung troubles. In many places poppies were
planted in the gardens to furnish opium, from which lauda-
num was made, so necessary in the hospitals and at home.
There were two distilleries in the county in charge of the gov-
ernment, where whisky and brandies were made for the army,
one at Cahaba and the other at the Bruce Gill plantation,
near Cahaba.
Bicarbonate of soda, so necessary in making bread, could
scarcely be obtained ; but we found that the ash from corn-
cobs made a good substitute, particularly the ash of the red
cob, which was stronger and thought to contain more soda.
Hops were scarce and hard to get. Only a few people had
hop vines growing in their gardens, and in some seasons these
did not flower at all. So fur our veast cakes we substituted
Mil
8to> \
Irani
A CONFEBERATE CANDLE.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar).
!I9
yeast made from fig or peach tree leaves. We also made
light bread from the old-fashioned milk yeast and from the
California beer seed, so much in use before and during the
war.
Occasionally we would get a few things that had run the
blockade at Memphis or New t Irleans, but we had to de-
pend on our own ingenuity to supply the neces ex-
istence. A calico dress often cost fifty or sixty dollar-.
Wi raised our own meats, had plenty of lard, poulti
eggs, butter and milk, from which we learned to make deli-
cious i hees< . as fine as the imported.
We soon became experts in knitting and crocheting
as well as fancy articles — gloves, shawls, stockings
sacks, and Vandykes, as well as beautiful lace and inser-
tion— from the homespun thread Lamb's wo ised
for knitting gloves and socks for the sol, Hers, as the wool
protected their feet better on the long marches
There were few idle moments spent b) the womei
County in Confederate times. When out foi : spend-
ing the day with a neighbor, every lady had her knitting or
sewing, and their lingers were busy every moment. Even
girls ten and twelve years old could kn
pair of steel knitting needles was regarded as a great tn
ure For heavy knitting, such as nubias and scarfs for the
soldiers, we used lai lar or white oak. fifteen
or twentj inches long, madi and polished
in their hours of idleness, when at home on furlough, or con-
valescing at the hospitals rhej also made beautiful ri
from gutta-percha buttons, inlaid with silver and gold when
they could be had. Ever} girl was of
these simple rings.
Sundaj shoes and slippers wen made .it hom
of merino, broadcloth, and othci twilled g Is by th
ladies so fortunate as to find such n in their scrap
bags or trunk- of casl off clothing, and many ladies became
expert at putting on th of homemade leather. We
also learned to spin our sewing thread almost a the
- or Clarke cotton.
At this time the old-fashioned Shaker bonnets were very
much used. They were made by some of our Dallas County
women from the tall rushes that grew on the banks of the
creeks and rivers and also from wheat and oat straw The
skirts tor these bonnets wen e-thread sley
cloth." as it was then known, dyed any selected color, but
gray was the most fashionable shade. A pretty yoi
within a Shaker bonnet was most attractivi ["he straw oi
the pine, oats, and wheat was used lor hat-, also corn shucks
and the swamp palmetto. The palmetto was boiled and
bleached, then cut into line strip- and braided. These braids
were then sewed together and pressed into any desired shape
For trimming these hats we made pinnies t> ,,r duck
feathers or robbed the game coek of it- long, beautiful plum-
age of iridescent coloring, combined with scraps of -,1k.
tarlatan, and lace, relics of a more prosperous time So
used peafowl feathers, but these were considered unluck]
Buttons for our clothes were also a great consideration.
Machines were soon invented for making them of wood,
which, dyed, sandpapered, and varnished, were quite pretty;
but buttons made of cloth or the common gourd covered with
homespun were considered more lasting, as they could be
washed and boiled without coming to pieces.
As the war progressed we were thrown more and more
upon our own resources, and it seemed that we were alw
equal to the demands upon our ingenuity, \side from having
to provide clothing for their own families and the soldiers
at the front, the Southern matrons had to see that the negroes
on the plantations and of their households were properly pro-
vided for. Every' spring and autumn two suits around were
given to each man. woman, and child; and it was no small
task to have the thread spun, the cloth woven, and the cloth-
ing cut and made under their own personal supervision and
inspection for the slaves on large plantations, in many in-
stances numbering five or six hundred, besides seeing to the
manufacture of the numerous other things needed
Id made its own soap and starch. Soap was
made from tallow or urease when it could be had; but finally
we had to substitute cotton seed and corn shucks, which w
placed in a boiling pot of lye. leeched from strong wood ashes,
and boiled until coagulated 1*0 harden and prepare this
ti for hand use salt was added, and it was perfumed with
rose leaves or the wild bergamot Starch was made fi
bran of wheat flour, gi or sweet potatoes gra
It was regardi d as quit mplishment for a matron
know how to make white starch, and we of Dallas Con
soon learned to make it as white and fine as any ever bought
and cement wi in a very simple wa
Spanish potato was roasted in hot ashes, a tablespoon fu
flour added, and then applied to whatever needed to be men
I hardened. This paste was as durable as putty. W<
ded lime for building pui huge lime kilns were
erected and the lime rocks of Dallas County burned into the
best quality of lime.
Before the war very little kerosene was used, the oil of
compressed lard being more generally preferred. Lard was
now too scarce to be used for oil, so from ground peas we
made oil to burn in our lamp- We had t to
molding tallov . an art which had 1"
lete; but it was revived, and beautiful tallow candles
were made. .1 liling the
tallow with the leaf of the prick ind also the myrtle
lurries that grew in the swamp w, like everything
became scarce wdien there was such a great demand for
it, and in otnes the candli be kept for State
occasions. Other lights were now im ■ dally in
tions when pirn knots did no( grow, and the C
federate candle came into use. This was made of strand-
thre d together to form a wick two or three yards
long. This wick was saturated il wa* and
wound round and round lb neck, el-
and evenly. When read] to light, th< coil was loosened ft
the bottle, raised an inch or so above the mouth, and pressed
with the thumb to the bottle's neck. When the wick bun
to tli mouth. 1 rocess of uncoiling was
peated. This gave a steady flame and made a cheap, im
pensive light. Th< ir also made a pretty fairy-
like light, and when saturated in oil and ignited it burned
of our most difficult tasks was to find a substitute for
coffee, something so indispensable to a good meal in our
hern life, and we had to have it three times a day. Coffee
soon rose to thirty dollars a pound and then to sixty and
seventy dollars a pound, which made it entirely beyond use,
except to, the fortunate lew who happened to have a supply
on hand when the war began or were rich enough to pay
five or six hundred dollars for a sack run through the block-
ade. A number of substitutes were tried. Okra seed nicely
parched and ground came nearer the flavor of real coffee for
some, while others preferred yam potatoes sliced, dried, and
220
Qoijfederaf:^ Ueterap,
ground. Still others liked browned wheat, parched corn, or
parched meal. While all these made a passable beverage,
they were but poor substitutes for real Rio, Java, and Mocha,
to which we were accustomed. We also had several substi-
tutes for tea, but the leaves of the black raspberry vine were
considered the best. The leaves of the huckleberry, the black-
berry, and the holly tree were also used, as well as the leaves
of the Upon plant, with which so many flower gardens were
hedged around. These leaves were gathered, dried, and
packed away carefully in bottles or jars until needed.
While many became expert in making tine pens from the
gray goose quill, which even after the war were still used
by some of the old-time people in preference to steel pens,
yet paper and ink were scarce and hard to get, a quire of let-
ter paper costing as much as $40 and envelopes in proportion.
Some of the merchants had on hand a supply of wall paper,
and this was cut into sheets of letter size and sold for writing
paper. Envelopes were also made of it. Envelopes of all
white paper that came with letters were turned inside out and
used the second time, and in many old libraries may be found
books with the flyleaves missing, on which were written love
letters to the Confederate boys in the army when some girls
wished to send especially nice epistles. For ink we used log-
wood dye, or lamp black, mixed with water.
In the early days of Dallas County, before cotton was gen-
erally introduced into Alabama, flax had been successfully
grown and spun into thread by some who understood the
process of preparing it for use. A few old ladies now had
their patches of flax, their quaint little old flax wheels were
again brought into use, and they spun and wove some pretty
linen goods, some of which was bleached as white as Irish
linen, while some was kept in the natural shade to be used
as summer suits for ladies and gentlemen. So few under-
stood this art, and it was such a tedious process, that the
growing and weaving of flax did not become common. My
grandfather had a suit of clothes made from home-woven
linen that my grandmother wove, and she also sent President
Davis enough of the material for a suit.
We took advantage of every resource. We laughed at our
privations and inconveniences. We not only fed and clothed
the people of our county, but aided and helped to feed the peo-
ple of the entire South, civil as well as military; and we felt
proud of our independence and fortitude, especially when we
remembered how utterly unprepared we were when Alabama
seceded and the war began and how little we knew of manu-
facturing anything, and the wonder is how we ever learned
to do all that we did.
Despite the hardships and anxieties of those dark days, we
still had our social gatherings, where our ladies and girls
were gowned in calico and homespun or made-over dresses
dug from the chests of long ago, the old-time dresses our
grandmothers wore.
In every household in town and country were soldiers on
furlough recuperating from sickness or wounds, nursed
back to health by the unfaltering attention of our women.
While convalescing nothing was spared that would contribute
to their amusement. Walking parties, horseback rides,
charades, and tableaux were quite the rage, especially tab-
leaux representing our secession period. Many of the sol-
diers with us on furlough were from Virginia, Missouri, and
Texas and were entirely cut off from their homes. Some of
them played beautifully on the banjo, guitar, and violin. As
nearly all Southern girls were fine musicians, music became
quite a pastime and no doubt was a great solace to many
homesick hearts beneath the gray jackets of the Confederacy.
Patriotic songs were sung everywhere, as well as those breath-
ing the sweetest sentiments of love and devotion. It was a
chivalrous age, such as might have existed in the time of
Sir Walter Scott and in the days of "Lady Rowena and Re-
becca." For refreshments at our parties we had different
kinds of cake, made occasionally from sugar and flour, but
more frequently from bolted meal and sorghum molasses. Our
Confederate fruit cake was a marvel, composed of dried
apples, peaches, figs, walnuts and hickory nuts, and flavored
with what few spices we could beg, borrow, or buy, and corn
whisky made by the government. This was also used for our
eggnog when we could get it. Then we had persimmon beer
made of molasses, and scuppernong and muscadine wine in-
stead of champagne.
In 1864 Cahaba became an army post in command of Capt.
John H. Allison, from New Orleans. Several regiments of
soldiers were stationed there. Three thousand Federal
prisoners were confined in the Babcock Warehouse, on the
banks of the Alabama River. The old Bell Tavern was
turned into a hospital, where the soldiers of both sides were
cared for. Our citizens were kind and considerate of the
Yankee prisoners, many of whom were on parole, and it
was said that for this reason Wilson and his raiders spared
Cahaba when Selma was burned. There were a number of
refugees with us from New Orleans, Memphis, and North
Mississippi. Many of their homes had been burned and
everything destroyed. As a rule, they were refined, culti-
vated people, who found a cordial welcome with us and added
greatly to our social life.
Our reading club met weekly, when Shakespeare, Byron,
Moore, and Scott were read and discussed, and occasionally
we got a copy of some recent work that had run the block-
ade, "Les Miserables" or a volume of Dickens ; but generally
only our Southern writers were cared for, and the poems of
Paul Hayne and Father Ryan were read and reread almost
until memorized, and the works of Augusta Evans were en-
joyed by all. The club also edited a paper called the Garland,
in honor of Miss Kate Garland, a young lady from Virginia,
who was its first president. In this paper were published many
brilliant essays and poetry, all breathing the utmost devotion
to the Confederate cause.
We also had our sewing society weekly to make clothes
for the army, and each month large boxes containing all the
delicacies the times afforded and packed with clothing were
forwarded to the soldiers. Each week different ladies were
delegated to nurse in the hospital, which was in charge of
the army surgeons, Drs. Hill and Whitfield.
The churches throughout Dallas County were opened every
Sunday and were filled with devout men and women praying
^
Qor} federate l/eterap.
221
for the success of the Confederacy. At Cahaba Captain Hen-
derson, chaplain of the post, frequently tilled the pulpit of the
Methodist church. At one of our weekly prayer meetings a
good, kind old lady, a perfect mother in the Church, who
always prayed in public, ended her prayer with a most earnest
appeal for the South : "O Lord God Almighty, have mercy
upon our poor country. Protect us from the Northern hordi -
who are overflowing and ravishing our land. Remove the
abolitionist and all in authority who are pressing this awful,
cruel war upon us. Take them in thy merciful hands and
convey them safely to Father Abraham's bosom, where they
will forever be at peace and free from sin and suffering.
Take them now at once, O Father, before they will have com-
mitted any more crimes to add to the long list already against
them." The entire congregation united in an earnest "Amen."
The next day, when told that she had prayed for the utter
annihilation of the United States government, she was shocked
and surprised beyond measure
Now and then the stern realn 'iced upon
us by hearing that some of our loved ones were dead,
wounded, missing, lying sick in distant hospitals, or killed m
battle and their remains sent back to us after weeks of weary
watching ami waiting, travel being so slow in those days,
who left us in the midst of a noble, useful life, a young lawyer
of Selma. whose future was bright with promise, a member of
the gallant 4th Alabama Regiment, was brought back dead,
having bi 1 alive while under the effects of a hea
narcotic administered by a Union family posing as Southern
sympathizers with whom hi "ped while sick in East
Tennessee Another, a member "i th< Rifles. 111
flush of early manhood, came h
the head and blind for life. So horrible, so heart-rending was
it all ! But we nevei despaired. Mo thought of giving up ever
entered our hearts. We were struggling hard to overcome
the difficulties by which we were surrounded. We were work-
ing, fasting, praying, day and night, that victory might Be
ours. Later on, da} !». - came of defeat after de-
feat. .Many of our brave Cahaba Rifles had been kill<
wounded, or were dead \t \ntutani only live responded to
the roll call of the company after the battle was over. Friends
and relatives in other commands were reported de.nl. wounded,
missing, or maimed for life. All our sacrifice seemed in vain.
The God of battle was against us.
In the spring oi 1865 we heard that Wilson's 1 aiders were
inarching on to Selma — German, Irish, and Hessian hirelings,
the scum of Europe imported to light our Southern chivalry,
burning and destroying everything as they came. I he prison-
ers wen 1 ived from Cahaba and the post abandoned. For
weeks we lived in constant fear and trembling of indescriba-
ble terror. All the sick soldiers at home on furlough, scarce-
ly able to walk, hurried back to the front. All the old men
and boys were armed for duty, ready to join General Forrest
when he reached our vicinity. Jewelry, silver, and valuables
of all kinds were sent to the swamps to be buried, and the
stock was hidden in the cane thickets. Finally, it was felt
no longer safe for the old men and boys to remain at home;
they might be caught and hanged. Then the women and
children collected together in different houses, pro one
by our faithful slaves, who at night slept in the halls and
on the galleries of our homes, armed to the teeth for our
use and protection. With them we felt almost as safe as
if surrounded by an army.
Finally Wilson, with his blood-drunken raiders, reached
Selma. General Taylor had ruthlessly abandoned the place
and left it to the mercy of the invading foe. For weeks he
was shipping troops, supplies, and cotton to Mobile. Three
weeks before he had urged a prominent lady, at whose house
he made his headquarters, to leave the town and seek safety
elsewhere. When General Forrest reached Selma, there was
no commander to be found, no army of defense, only a few
hundred men at the arsenal and government works. These
he at once organized and sent to the breastworks that sur-
rounded the city, reenforced by the boys and old men who
rallied at once to the defense of their homes. The battle was
bravely fought, but the victory was lost. Pitiful it was, but
still more pitiful to feel that the place had not been properly-
garrisoned.
General Forrest cut his way out of Selm ent to
Marion, where he got a message from General Wils
come back to Cahaba under a flag of truce. They met at the
old Crocheron 1 the banks of the Alabama River.
near the mouth of Cahaba. After the interview. General
Forrest and his escort dashed out of town, and we did not
hear of him again until he surrendered at Gainesville. Ga„
April 10. 1
n the surrender came, in 1865. in all the South there
could not have been found a more prosperous country or
one that was more self sus tan here in Dallas County
But the surrender was followed with colossal ruin. The
negroe- id been loyal and faithful dun ar and
to whom we ever looked for protection and trusted with our
lives while our Southern men were in the army, now, elated
w ith freedom, left their houses and flocked to the Yankee
camps to become pensioners of the government and spend
their time in idleness ; while the plantations grew up in weeds,
plows lay idle in the fields, and the stock and hogs were left
to live as best they might. On my father's plantation alone
were eight hundred hogs that went wild in the swamps. Our
soldiers were coming home ragged, weary, and footsore. Our
Confederate money was worthless. They had no gold or green-
backs. They had not even a silver dollar on which to start
life again, but they were not discouraged or downhearted.
Ml who owned land were glad to let the Confederates finish
making the crops, in many instances free of all rent, and soon
the boys in gray were as bravely plowing and hoeing in the
fields, men of culture and position, as when lighting at Manas-
sas or Seven Pines. General Morgan and his two sons, John
and George, and Mr. R. D. Houler, of Cahaba, and his two
sons rented land on my grandmother's place, the old Gill
plantation. Every Friday evening they hitched their plow
mules to Genera! Morgan's old army ambulance and returned
to their homes in
Cahaba to remain
over Sunday. Fri-
day nights were
with us the fash-
ionable evenings
for entertainments
The young men
could not leave
their held work in
the middle of the
week ; but on Fri-
day they would
"lay off" and come
from all over the
country, riding
twentv and thirtv
^opfederat^ l/eterar).
miles, to our starvation and calico parties, coming early
enough in the day to make engagements with the girls for
the evening. We would dance until the wee sma' hours,
and after escorting the girls home the young men returned
to their farms until Sunday, when they again appeared at
church, still in their Confederate gray suits, minus the brass
buttons, perfect Apollos, as gay and care-free as if they had
never known the sound of a Yankee bullet or had been re-
duced from wealthy heirs of numberless slaves to hewers
of wood and drawers of water. How proud we were of
them ! How we admired their pluck and energy ! How we
lavished attentions upon them, feeling that they were fighting
as brave a battle for independence in the fields of Dallas
County as when in the Army of Virginia.
In the fall of 1865, after the crops were gathered and the
cotton sold, the Confederate gray began to disappear. Our
young men then had some money with which to indulge their
gentlemanly tastes, and at a party given in November by Col.
and Mrs. G. W. Gayle, the first ceremonious function after
the surrender, we danced with gentlemen in citizens' clothes
for the first time in four years. How strange and unnatural
they appeared to us ! How stiff and formal the white kid
gloves and broadcloth suits! They did not seem at all them-
selves, and we now realized that our soldier boys had gone,
never to return ; and however much we might yearn for the
brass buttons and the old gray jackets of the Confederal),
they were folded away, never to be worn again.
In a short while military rule was forced upon us. Our
own old servants had to be hired through the Freedman's
Bureau; but, still more bitter, we had to renew our allegiance
to the United States and ask pardon for seceding and
fighting against the government, while in our hearts we felt
and knew we had done no wrong. We knew we had a right
to secede and fight for those rights guaranteed to us by the
Constitution of this same United States, but we had been
overpowered and had to bend our necks to the yoke of the
conqueror. In the first years of the Confederacy, at a banquet
given in Cahaba, among the speeches made and toasts drunk
was one by Col. George W. Gayle, "Death and damnation to
the whole Yankee nation," followed by a reward of a million
dollars for Abe Lincoln's head. An account of this enter-
tainment and the speeches made on the occasion, brilliant and
fired with Southern sentiment, was published throughout the
Xorth. Colonel Gayle was denounced "as a traitor, one of a
family of secession agitators that ought to be exterminated."
Noble, kind-hearted, generous, and impulsive, all acquainted
with him knew that this ardent expression was only an out-
burst of Southern enthusiasm, with no thought that it would be
taken seriously. But after Lincoln's assassination, to the con-
sternation and grief of the entire community, he was arrested
by Captain Cocheran, of the United States army, afterwards
postmaster at Selma, carried North, and imprisoned with
President Davis and Hon. C. C. Clay. Colonel Gayle had known
President Johnson as a young man when he plied his trade as
tailor. Each at that time recognized the natural intellectual
superiority of the other, and time had not obliterated the
memory of those early days. Now that Mr. Johnson was in
power, he responded to the appeals of Colonel Gayle's friends
and granted executive clemency, despite the Herculean ef-
forts of Stanton, Secretary of War, to have him condemned
as accessory to the plot to murder Lincoln.
There was much pathos connected with those trying days,
much silent tragedy, as well as romance and farce, out of
which volumes might be written. It has been claimed that
nothing is ever lost, no word spoken, but that reverberates
through eternity, no event or action that is not indelibly im-
pressed upon space. If this be true, when the great scroll of
time unrolls, what a magnificent epic there will be of the
South and her mighty effort for liberty and independence !
THE JEFF DAVIS ARTILLERY AT BLOODY ANGLE.
BY JOHN PURIFOY, SECRETARY OF STATE OF ALABAMA.
The Jeff Davis Artillery was an Alabama battery of field
artillery, composed largely of schoolboys from Central Ala-
bama. Having received its equipment, it reached the seat of
war in North Virginia, in the vicinity of Manassas and Bull
Run, during the last days of September, 1861, where it be-
came a component part of that grand body of soldiers known
to history as the Army of Northern Virginia. All its cam-
paigns were participated in by the battery, and the thunder
of its guns and the shriek of its shot, shell, and canister were
mingled with those of the other organizations of that army
in nearly all of the great battles fought by it and in many of
the smaller ones. The blood of many of its patriotic mem-
bers watered the gory fields of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
noble old Virginia. The bones of many of its heroic dead
found last resting places in the soil of those States on the
fields of glory where their lifeblood was poured out.
The incidents with which this narrative deals took place
in 1864. The campaign of that year had opened when the
Federal army, under Gen. U. S. Grant, crossed the Rapidan
River on the 4th of May, and General Lee attacked it the
next day in the Wilderness. The Federal army, moving by
the left flank, and the Confederate army, moving by the right
flank to meet it, had met on the 8th of May near Spottsyl-
vania Courthouse, Va. Considerable maneuvering and bloody
fighting took place during the following three days.
On the evening of the nth, which had been a day of com-
parative quiet, just before dark, Gen. A. L. Long, command-
er of artillery of Ewell's Confederate (2d) Corps, issued
orders for the removal of the artillery from the lines. This
was done in anticipation of another flank movement of the
Federal army, when the Confederate artillery would be pre-
pared to move promptly to meet it.
The locality in the vicinity of the lines occupied by Ewell's
Corps was covered with dense undergrowth, pine thickets,
and briar patches, interspersed with small streams and boggy
marshes, through which ran temporary, tortuous roads. It
was because of the great difficulty of moving the artillery after
night that it had been removed from the lines before dark on
the evening of the nth. Instead of moving by the left flank,
the 2d Federal Army Corps, commanded by Gen. W. S. Han-
cock, during the night of the nth was massed in front of
that part of the Confederate line occupied by the division of
Gen. Edward Johnson, of Ewell's Corps. This movement on
the part of the Federals was not discovered until about three
o'clock on the morning of the 12th. Active efforts were made
to reinstate the Confederate artillery, but the difficulties con-
fronting it were not overcome in time.
The darkness and dense fog, which prevented a prompt re-
turn of the Confederate artillery, were of great advantage to
the assaulting Federals. They were enabled to approach and
quietly capture the Confederate pickets without being dis-
covered and to reach the Confederate works without discovery.
The result was the capture of the Confederate works and the
infantry troops defending them before the greater part of the
Qor^federat^ l/eteraij.
223
returning artillery reached them and the capture of nearly
all the returning Confederate batteries before they succeeded
in reaching their assigned places. That part of the Confed-
erate line occupied by the division of Gen. Edward Johnson,
to the left of Steuart's Brigade, had been so quietly captured
that the returning batteries were not aware of it. As they
galloped in column toward their assigned positions they were
met by the exultant, victorious enemy and their guns and
men taken possession of.
JOHN PI RIFOY, JEFF DAVIS ARTILLERY.
'1 he captured batti 1 i and Cutshaw's
Battalions, the two battalions being commanded by Col.
Thomas II Carter. The Jefl Davis \1t1llcrv was one "i the
four batteries composing Page's Battalion, and i
by prompt action in reaching its position before that part of
the works was captured It-- position was the salient about
one and a half miles north of Spottsylv.ini. 1 Courthousi This
salient is known to history as "Blooi " so called
from tin- fierce and bloody fighting about il on thai
Pieces numbered one and t«o. composing the first
the battery, were located on the right side o]' the angle, near
the apex, and pieces numbered three and four, compo
second section, were located on the left side of tin
near the apex. The infantry troops occupying thai p
line were the regiments composing the brig of G
1! Steuart, of Mai. Gen. Edward Johnson's division.
The Confederate line, to the left of the battery's position,
could he seen but a short distance. The batter) went into
position shortly after dawn, after a hurried and difficult trip
over a rough and crookrd road, crossed by boggy marshes.
1 '" or iwo ofthe caissons were left sticking in one of these
marshes.
I line was but little shooting going on at this time, and
there was but little in sight to indicate the mar approach of
the furious storm which so quickly burst upon the battery.
Subsequent information showed that, to the left of the angle,
all that part of the line occupied by Johnson's Division was
in possession of the enemy b - batter] reached its
position. The capture, however, had been so quietly made
that the troops near the angle were no: . it. An oc-
casional musket shot was heard, but these were so few that
they attracted little attention. All was expectation, however,
as the men knew in reason that the hour at which they had
been called ami the ^pced at which they had been rushed
through tin dark w Is and across the treacherous marshes
meant work ahead.
Owing to the formation of the ground, whosi surface
gradually rose to the crest of the hill, about one hundred and
fifty yards in front of the guns of tin second section, an ad-
vancing column could not be seen until the 11101 composing it
bad appeared from behind the crest The batter} bad been
111 position but a sin Tt while when the assai mini of
the enemy was seen by the men of the si tion. When
-een, it was within canister rai
1 he officers and men of the infantry were quietly lounging
behind the earthworks, feelii .is the picket!
given no alarm or notic< of the approach of the enemy. The
men at the two guns, however, ware on th< lookout,
so, ,n ,,s the assaulting column was disi
advancing they began to clamor foi shoot; and
the two gun corporals actuall
tiring.
General Steuart ordered that the I pickets
were 111 front ami v tired on. Captain R«
■ ommand of thi (General Sti uai t's
But the men immedi
te pn kets in siylit. that the field was blue with the
ring enemy, an ring in s] rders to the
try General S realized that in the dark-
kets had bi en 1 apt - e they had
a gun. The canister from the two guns
vancing column to tit. It produced its
usual destructive effect. Each dis had nit a lane
through tin- ranks of the assaulting column. As the column
was several lines deep, thi eavy.
When this firing bi - had mail, name
111 front ol the first section of the battery, in
right side of tin angle Bui SOOn aftir tin ,. were
fired the men at ! , derals
ing from the left along the in n the rear of the
1 onti ,1, rate works, having
ngle. "I he head I very
lie guns before its discovery. I In two guns m
tely reversed, charged with canister, and fired inti
column, causing it to halt. About tins time Maj. K C. M.
null- 10 the fust piece and ordered it to limber up and
lie continue limber chest of the nexl
and gave tin sami inn did not go Farther, presumably
because the other two guns wire practically surrounded by
the enemy. He then rode in the opposite direction. The men
of the first gun promptly moved m concert and succeeded in
ig with it As soon as Major Pag< delivered his
tin writer, who was in charge of the limber chest, on
the drivers to mount and drive to the gun. that it might be
1 hi Iwo of the three promptly obeyed. The third
one. instead of obeying, crouched to the ground, apparently
paralyzed with fear.
\s soon as the guns ceased tiring and preparation began to
nt. the confused Federal ranks recovered their nerve.
224
QoQfederat^ 1/eterar}
and the musket lire became intense. When the column first
made its appearance in the rear of the battery, no firing was
going on. When the reversed guns opened fire, it awoke the
men of the Federal column to the fact that they had encoun-
tered opposition, and they opened fire at everything in sight.
Immediately after the artillery opened, the infantry of Steuart's
Brigade from behind the transverse, which had been con-
structed along the rear of the works on the left of the angle,
fired a volley into the advancing column.
The frightened driver crouched nearer the ground, and no
amount of coaxing or threatening inspired him to obey. When
the men attempted to draw the gun to the limber, the drivers,
seeing the approaching danger, did not wait for the gun, but
attempted to escape without it. They galloped too near the
enemy, and the horses were shot down and all three drivers
shot, two being killed and the third severely wounded. This
destroyed the hopes of the men to save the gun and put a stop
to their efforts. But the somber horrors of Federal prison
life stared them in the face. Their subsequent efforts were
given over to making their escape. In this work there was
no concert of action. Every man acted for himself. When
they left the field of strife, showers of Minie balls swarmed
after them, and the command from their friends (?) the
enemy, "Surrender, you Rebels !" was hissed from a thousand
throats.
The manner of their escape is best illustrated by the ex-
perience of the Irishman who was attached to a Federal com-
mand at Manassas July 21, 1861, when the Federal army be-
came so badly demoralized. A friend afterwards said to him :
"Pat, you didn't run, did you?" "Begorra, thim as didn't
run are there yit," said he.
Three of the four guns carried into that action, with their
limber chests and horses, several of which were killed, were
captured by the Federal army. Captain Reese and Lieutenant
Bates, the only commissioned officers with the battery, three
sergeants, two corporals, and twenty-eight privates were cap-
tured. Six of the captured privates died in a few months
from their prison privations. Four privates — William Batton,
A. J. Blanks, T. M. Bradley, and W. R. Harris— were killed.
There is no record to show the number of wounded.
The men who escaped with the gun that was saved stopped
at the first point which offered a prospect of rallying the de-
moralized troops. This gun and another which had been
abandoned were placed in position and manned by the es-
caped men of the Jeff Davis Artillery, and the thunder of
these two guns was a contribution to the din of battle that
raged that entire day.
Our great Lee, whose first information of the movement of
the Federal General Hancock was the announcement of the
disaster, immediately galloped forward in the darkness of the
morning and learned the extent of it. He and his staff were
soon busy rallying the demoralized and fleeing troops which
had escaped capture. The disaster aroused his combative
nature, and he attempted to lead more than one column of
infantry during the day toward the captured angle. Each
time he attempted to lead a column his generals earnestly
remonstrated with him, and protesting shouts of "Go back,
General Lee," and promises to do their duty, without his ex-
posure to the great danger of leading them, were heard from
the men in the ranks.
From early dawn to late at night the incessant thunder of
artillery and roll of musketry continued. The Confederate
columns drawn from the lines on each side of the angle
threw themselves into the breach and vied with each other
in their impetuous courage to stay the tide of the impending
disaster. The exultant column of Hancock's command as it
(lowed through the breach, cheered on by the hope of dire
disaster and destruction of their ever-present and undismayed
antagonist, the Army of Northern Virginia, was met by these
reenforcing columns of Confederates and hurled back to the
captured works, where bayonets and clubbed muskets were
used, and musket-shooting at close range was kept up far
into the night.
The effective work of single companies and the results
achieved by such in contests of the magnitude of the Bloody
Angle, at Spottsylvania Courthouse, on the 12th of May, 1S64,
are likely to be overshadowed by the achievements of the
greater bodies of troops. In all the accounts of 'this disaster
on the Confederate side the references to Page's Battalion
show that the guns composing it were captured in their futile
efforts to reach the lines and without being fired. This nar-
rative will record the fact that the Jeff Davis Artillery, com-
manded by Capt. William J. Reese, one of the batteries of
Page's Battalion, did go into position and made a brave re-
sistance in its efforts to stay the Federal avalanche thrown
against the Confederate salient, the Bloody Angle, that its
work was the first resistance that the triumphant Federal col-
umn met, and that it initiated the bloody and fierce battle
known as the Battle of Bloody Angle, at Spottsylvania Court-
house, May 12, 1864.
The force that first mixed with the men and guns of the
section in position on the left of the salient approached from
the rear and demanded their surrender. Almost simulta-
neously a part of the assaulting column, advancing along the
front of and nearly parallel to the Confederate works, reach-
ing the position of the guns, made the same demand. The
latter forces were a part of the column that had been repulsed
by the fire of the guns, but were so far to the Confederate
left as not to be greatly affected by the fire.
The importance and value of the brief but effective re-
sistance made by the Jeff Davis Artillery in its efforts to stay
the assaults of Hancock on the Bloody Angle cannot be esti-
mated. The line with its defending infantry to the left of
the angle had been seized before the battery reached its posi-
tion. When the victorious enemy had come within canister
range and these missiles had been thrown into its ranks with
such destruction as to cause confusion, it produced a delay
the value of every moment of which was inestimable. It gave
time to formulate plans and place reenforcing lines to meet
the dire situation and thus enabled the Confederates to re-
trieve their losses.
The fierceness of the battles which were fought in the Wil-
derness May 5 and 6, 1864, and at Spottsylvania Courthouse
May 8 and 9, inclusive, is shown by the fact that Confederate
ordnance officers gathered from them more than 120,000
pounds of lead, which was remolded into bullets and used
again before the close of the campaign of 1S64.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
225
THE WOMEN OF ALABAMA IN THE WAR
BY MARY PHELAN WATT, MONTGOMERY, ALA.
In attempting an article on the women of Alabama 'luring
the War between the States, 1861-65, I hesitati 1 the
recollections of one then in early teens is limited in regard to
the people and events of that wonderful period in our beloved
South. Many have helped me in recalling incidents and deeds
of the time, but so many cannot "remember." I believe a few
of Alabama's notable women are foremosl in the historj of
that time.
Mrs. Virginia Tunstall Clay-CIopton, Mr<. Judge Hopkins.
■ Mrs. Clayton (mother of Judge limn I), Clayton), Mrs
General Gorgas (mother of our most distinguished Dr. Wil
Ham Gorgas), Mrs. Augusta Evans Wilson, Madam LeVert,
and scores of others of more retired lives worked and prayed
for our dear .Southern Confederac) These were of the best
of Alabama.
It must be remembered that in thos< days a woman's name
rarely appeared in print. In fact, it was considered bad
form." and the men of her famih would have resented il
a personal offense; hence the urea' deeds of those grand worn
en were not chronicled.
Mrs. Virginia Clay Clopton. while not a native Alabamian,
lived from childhood in Vlabama Hei historj is almost inter-
national, certainly national The part d in the Con-
federacy is well known. Possi ssing that charm born of a great
mind, combined with the biggest and hat evei
woman had, made her a power in large as well as in small
affairs.
Mrs. Arthur F. Hopkins, who was Juliet Opie, ol Virginia,
was another adopted daughter of \lab.inu. Her ,-,.i\ and
ability were so great in the hospitals of Mobile in the begin-
ning of the war that
the authorities at
Richmond. Va.. the
capital, requested her
to come there and
take charge of all
hospitals. She diil
such noble work that
Congress, to make
acknowledgment, had
her picture placed
upon thi- twenty-five-
cent shinplaster and
lii' 1 upon the fifty
dollar bill. In her
large1 correspondence
was a letter from
General Lee, saying
"You have done more
for the South than all
the women." The
State of Alabama sent
official thanks to Mi s,
Hopkins for her de-
votion to the sick and
wounded. During tin
battle of Seven Pines
she was twice wound-
ed m discharging her
duties, once so se-
verely that a broken
bone in her leg had
MRS. JULIA JACKSON CHRISTIAN PRESTON AND CHILDREN.
The Matron of Honor for North Carolina at the Birmingham Reunion 1-
the granddaughter of Stonewall Jackson, whose picture i* here Riven with
her two little daughters, Anna Jackson Preston, aged four, and Julia
Cortlandl Preston, three months old
to be removed, causing a slight limp in her walk during
the remainder of her life— a long and glorious one. She
died in Washington in 1890 In her book. "White and Black
under the I 1 ton, wife of General Clay-
ton, tells most charmingly of the experiences and labors of
tins lover) woman for the Confederacy.
I knew little of Mrs hiring the war; but if her life
was as full of g then in doing every good work as
in later years, enough has been said. I once heard General
ay to her. "You are a great woman." Her very per-
sonality was inspiring, and what a power for good she was at
the University of Alabama as librarian every one who knew
fiei n testify.
Vugusta Evans Wilson, Alabama's distinguished novelist.
nong the most ardent and faithful workers in Mobile.
adored by all the young soldiers stationed there. Among
them was my brother. John Phelan. with his battery He
often told nic of her kindness to them.
In Montgomery, where possibly niorr soldiers Wer<
bili ' d and p LSSI
young and old, were as full of enthusiasm and patriotism as
anywhere. 1 here were aid societies, hospital societies. Church
aid societies, and every woman "aided."
I well remember the delight it gave us young girls after
school to go down Commerce Stn 1 society,"
wloie Mrs Eliza Mo dent was ever cuttinj
if fine gray cloth and
afterwards of homemade jeans, almost any muddy color.
With the larger "scraps" she would let us cover the bright
tin canteens, while the more efficient made haversacks of tin
largest pieces; others would make the cover, with capcv t"i
the caps of unbleached domestic as a protection from sun
and w i 11 d. M r 5.
M o o r e was Miss
beral,
ji V 1 ex an d<
Mont-
nery, and of Mr.
rge Clithcral. ol
Mobile 1 li 1 grand-
daughter, 1 .1 11. 1 Bird,
now the widow "f
Judgi I If anas 1 ,
Jones, and his sister,
Mary Jones, m 'w Mi -
William 1 lesner, win
mg the girls w
worked. On one 01
asion Mrs. Moon
I at tin
litol by the govern -
mc nt ti ' 1 ut sheets 1 d
t w enty-t'ive and sixt
cent shinplasters, and
we girls helped her
"They say" we were
paid too much for our
work
Mrs. Sophj (Aunt
Sophy) Ribb. a wom-
an of great ability,
inherited from a long
able ancestry, and of
noble character, was
226
Qogfederat^ l/eterap.
president of the hospitals, always doing deeds of mercy to
the wounded, sick, and dying.
Another faithful and untiring woman in loyalty to her
country was Mrs. W. B. Bell. In the sweet kindness of her
nature, her home, her hands, and her heart were ever full,
nursing the sick and suffering and carrying the daintiest dishes
to the convalescents. She had one son at the front. Her
daughter. Miss Bettie Bell, worked by the side of her mother,
and many a grateful soldier boy lost his heart to her. Many
letters in her possession now tell of their loving gratitude.
When Napoleon was asked, '"Who is the greatest woman in
France?" he replied: "The woman who has borne most sons
to fight for their country." My mother, Mrs. John D. Phelan.
came under this head. She gave to her country four gallant
soldiers, two being killed in battle. Her time was not only
given to supplying them with clothes, socks, and blankets,
but she worked in hospitals and aid societies, and her home
was ever open to soldiers passing through Montgomery. She
was intrepid and fearless. Upon one occasion her cool cour-
age saved the life of a Confederate soldier who was fleeing
from the Yankees just after Wilson's raid reached Mont-
gomery. He jumped the fence, ran under the house, and hid
beneath the steps. Mrs. Phelan met the Yankees calmly, let
them search every nook and corner in the house, but kept
them from under the house, and our soldier escaped.
After the war was over and all 'hearts bowed down with
the weight of woe," the realization that so many of our heroes
were buried in temporary shallow graves or their bones were
bleaching in the sun and rain caused the determination to
gather their remains together for proper burial. After a
strong appeal from my father, Judge Phelan, in the daily
papers, Mrs. Phelan, Mrs. Sophy Bibb, and Mrs. W. O. Bald-
win, whose oldest boy, only a lad, filled the grave of a gallant
soldier, called a mass meeting of the women of Montgomery,
and the Ladies' Memorial Association was formed. They
gave fitting burial to the dead and erected monuments over
them. Still in existence, this Association has recently cele-
brated its fiftieth anniversary.
Mrs. Patrick Savage, another of Napoleon's "great," gave
six sons to the Confederate service. The seventh, only a lad,
was killed by a shot from a Yankee ship at Fernandina, Fla.,
a most pathetic incident. The town was being evacuated by
the Confederates, and Michael Savage, with another lad, was
going to the train. Some indiscreet person fired a gun in the
street. The Yankees, taking it for an uprising, fired from
their ship only one cannon ball, but it reached those two boys
and killed them instantly. Professor Savage, her husband.
was an educator in Montgomery for many years.
Mrs. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, wife of the wise and true Sena-
tor from Alabama, was ever his guiding star. In Washington
her unusual beauty and lovely nature made her a general
favorite. Returning, after the State seceded, to their vast plan-
tation in Alabama, twelve miles from Montgomery, she was
ever busy with her many servants at the looms, weaving
jeans and spinning yarn for socks and blankets. The home
was an abiding place for the sick and wounded soldiers. One,
I remember, was Capt. Tom Taylor, son of the Senator from
Louisiana, their Washington friend. He was there for many
months on crutches. This incident in connection with him I
recall vividly. He, on his crutches, and a party of us young
people were waiting at the wharf for our boat, the Dixie, to
take us up the Alabama River on our way to Governor Fitz-
patrick's, when a soldier walked up, a brand-new pair of boots
thrown over his shoulder, and said : "I am trying to go to
Governor Fuzpatrick's to see Capt. Tom Taylor." He joined
our party and introduced his friend, Major Grant About
dusk our boat started up the river. When about ten miles
up, the Folly came rushing downstream after leaving her
cargo of cotton on the other side to save it from the expected
Yankees. Our boat was also loaded to the gunwales with
cotton for the same purpose. In the twinkling of an eye
the Folly had collided with the Dixie, which began to sink
rapidly. Our lives were saved by the coolness of the captain
and officers lashing together cotton bales into rafts.
No account of Montgomery women would be complete
without mention of the extensive Bellinger family. Mrs.
Carnot Bellinger was the first woman to provide a place for
the sick and needy soldiers. She fitted up an outhouse at her
home as a temporary hospital, the first here, and administered
with her own hands to their wants. Mrs. Bellinger gave two
sons to the army. Her sister, Mrs. Taylor, gave her four
sons and her services at all times to aid societies, hospitals,
etc. She was the mother of the beautiful Sallie Taylor, whose
husband. Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, was distinguished as a soldier
and citizen.
Georgia's representatives at Birmingham reunion.
Sponsor, Miss Callie Hoke Smith, daughter of Senator Hoke
Smith, of Georgia, and granddaughter of Maj. Gen. Thomas R.
R. Cobb. Maids of Honor: Miss Kate Osborne, of Savannah
(on left) ; Miss Annie Laurie Walker, of Waycross.
Qoofederat^ l/eterai).
22~
REPRESENTING TEXAS AT BIRMINGHAM REUNION.
Sponsor, Ml i Elizabeth F Crawford, ol Dallas; Maid of Honor,
Mis> Nellie Cralp, Corpus Chrletl.
Mrs. Hailes, another sister, gave hei two boys, both in their
teens, to fight for their country, and she wis also a faithful
and loyal worker. Mrs. Massalon Allen, a daughter of Mrs
Bellinger, though young, was a patriot in everj sense and is
until this day. Eighty "years young," everything Confederate
is dear to her heart.
Mrs. George Goldthwaite also gave her time and energy,
as well as three suns, to the service. Her two daughters,
Miss Anna (now Mrs. Emmet Seibels) and Miss Mollie (now
Mrs. Thomas Arrington), were always conspicuous in their
work and 1 suppose had more soldier beaux and helped to
make and present more flags than an) others.
Mrs. John A. Elmore worked unfailingly in hospitals and
at all times. She had one son in the army. It must be re-
membered thai there were no Red Cross nurses and very
few trained nurses, if any, and those nobli women nursed
the sick and wounded and comforted tin dying
Vmong them, too, was Mrs. Franklin Randolph, a real mother
in Israel. She bad the most utter contempt tor "bombproof"
positions and for those who shirked bullets. Her l\vo gallanl
sons were at the front.
Mrs. Caroline Hausman was President of the Hebrew
Women's Hospitals, and none of the community worked with
more fidelity for our Southern cause than the Hebrews. They
were in the army and in every department Mrs. Hausman's
daughter, Miss Pauline, now President of the Ladies' Me-
morial Association, tells this interesting incident as told her
by her mother. In her hospital labors Mrs. Hausman found
a poor suffering soldier whose leg was so severely wounded
that it had to be amputated. He would only consent, he said,
if Mrs. Hausman would hold his hand while the surgeon am-
putated it. With quiet courage she held his hand during the
operation. When just able to speak he looked up into her
face and whispered. "Mother." Mrs. Hausman's daughter
also tells of an amusing occurrence. Her mother went down
to the hospital one day, as usual, and told Jupiter, the faithful
slave in charge of the commissary, met her. When she or-
dered something for the sick to eat, he said : "Laws, Miss
nan, dey ain't nothing to cook. Dem young ladies come
down here and cook ev'rything for dem orfusers." The de-
voted services of faithful Jupiter and many other slaves who
worked in the hospitals will never be forgotten.
In North Alabama the women were more tried than in the
southern part. They had both armies to feed and were taxed
to their utmost. When the Yankees raided all through the
Tennessee Valley, a corps visited the home of my uncle. Dr
\ S, Harris. His wife, a frail, delicate woman, stood bravely
to defend her pantries, ordering them not to go in. "I have
only my preserves in there." With profanity they said to her:
"That's just what we are looking for." The young ladies
were indignant, and as one particularly was heaping inv<
on them a soldier said: "What's the matter with her? Is she
drunk0" She quickly replied: "I must be, as I have been
blue devils all day." The Yankees took every pi
a handsome blue Wedgewood china set of one hundred pieces
over a hundred years old. They also took every horse, mule.
and forty cows. A most pathetic scene was at nightfall when
the little calves came running home from the pasture and
there were no mothers to meet them. The commander was
so tyrannical and overbearing to my uncle that he said to him :
"Sir, you have the advantage of me now; but if I evi
meet you on equal grounds, I will hold you to account."
The greatest heroine of Alabama was Emma Sansom. Her
bravery in mounting behind General Forrest on his horse and
show'ing him where to ford Black Creek and thereby save his
army has been written in song and story. In acknowledg
ment of her heroic act the Daughters of the Confederacy had
painted a lovely portrait of her, which hangs in the State
Capitol in the History and Archives Department.
In Selma, Tuscaloosa, Tuskegee — in fact, throughout the
State, as all over the South— there were aid societies, hos-
pital societies ; and as for knitting socks and mufflers, I don't
think there was any matron or maid who didn't knit. One
sweet woman was so intent upon her soldiers' socks that she
forgot it was Sunday and was knitting for dear life when the
old servant, Uncle Stephen, came in horrified and said. "Mj
God, Miss May, don't you know hit's Sunday?" It was equal
to the fad of the present of knitting for the Belgians. Even
at the largest functions at that time the gayly dressed i or
undressed) ladies would knit between dances, much of it
being so poorly done that it had to be discarded. It was not
a fad of a season with us, but for four long years. So much
so that the Montgomery Advertiser of April, 1862. published
the following resolution passed by the Congress :
"Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of
America. That the thanks of the Confederacy are eminently
due and are hereby tendered to the patriotic women of the
Confederacy for the energy, zeal, and untiring devotion which
they have manifested in furnishing voluntary contributions to
our soldiers in the field and in the various military hospitals
throughout the country."
228 (^opfederat^ l/eterap.
{Uniteb ©augbters of tbe Confederacy.
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General.
Mas. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General. Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. L M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President General. Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Registrar General.
Lulu A. Lovell, Third Vice President General. Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian General.
F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General. Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor.
Mrs
Mrs
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General.
Mrs. W. K. Beard, Custodian Flags and Pennants.
" / nvr \fakes Memory Rternal.
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
Dear Daugliters: I have attended two meetings of the Ar-
lington Monument Association in Washington, D. C, recently,
at which the affairs of the Association have been fully dis-
cussed, and present herewith the audited account to date of
the Treasurer. I make an earnest appeal to you, Daughters,
to pay the balance due Sir Moses Ezekiel at once and sug-
gest that ten cents per capita be collected by each Chapter.
I will acknowledge in my letter in the Veteran all sums sent
by the State Directors to the Treasurer, Mr. Wallace Streater.
Treasurer's Report.
At the Norfolk convention in 1907 the United Daughters
of the Confederacy undertook the task of erecting the Arling-
ton Confederate Monument. Immediately following the con-
vention and in accordance with the plans adopted by it, the
present Arlington Confederate Monument Association was or-
ganized for the purpose of erecting a suitable Confederate
memorial in the greatest national cemetery.
In 1910 a contract was made with Sir Moses Ezekiel, the
great Virginia sculptor, to furnish a complete monument for
$35,000, of which $30,000 was to be paid directly to the sculp-
tor in stated installments, and $5,000 was to be retained and
expended by the Executive Committee of the Association as
his agents for preparing the foundation and base for the
bronze monument and for freight and erecting charges, the
balance, if any, to be paid over to him on the completion of
the contract.
At the Little Rock convention, held a short time after the
first contract was made, it was decided that the monument
should cost $50,000 at least, "with the hope of $75,000." (Lit-
tle Rock Minutes, page 86.) The contract with the sculptor
was thereupon modified to call for a $50,000 monument, the
sculptor directly to receive $40,000 in installments and also
whatever balance that might be left out of $10,000 retained by
the Executive Committee to expend as the representative of
the sculptor for the cost of foundation, granite base, freights,
and erection charges after such expenses had been paid.
The contract proceeded in due course to completion. The
cost of foundation, base, freights, and erecting amounted to
$8,229.08, leaving a balance of $1,770.92, which was turned
over to the sculptor, in addition to the $40,000 which had be
paid to him in installments according to contract. The monu-
ment was unveiled and delivered to the United States on June
4, 1914, and was accepted by the President the same day.
The somewhat indefinite resolution of the Little Rock con-
vention undoubtedly led the sculptor to believe that, even
though his contract with the Executive Committee called for
a $50,000 monument, he might be paid more than that sum if
he furnished a memorial artistically and intrinsically worth
more than that amount. And so he projected his masterpiece
on a larger scale than had been contemplated, resulting in a
work of art of a greater intrinsic value than it would have
been possible to procure at the price named in the contract.
The equities of the case appealed to the Savannah conven-
tion so strongly that it resolved to reimburse the sculptor in
the sum of $8,229, that being the amount, less eight cents,
which had been paid for him by the Executive Committee for
the purpose above indicated. The effect of the Savannah reso-
lution is to give to the sculptor $50,000 for the work actually
done by him, leaving the cost of foundation, base, freights,
and erection to be borne by the general society.
Since the Savannah convention the sculptor has been paid
$2,503.75 by the Treasurer of the Association. The general
society has assumed to pay out of its treasury $1,000 toward
redeeming the Savannah pledge, so that there remains to be
raised $4,725.25.
If every one will aid just a little, this can be done before
the next convention and the sculptor paid in full the amount
promised him by the United Daughters of the Confederacy,
at the Savannah convention. Nobly have the Daughters re-
sponded heretofore to all appeals; nobly and speedily may
they respond now to wipe out this outstanding obligation !
A word more should be added. All of the money which has
been contributed has not been given to or expended for Sir
Moses Ezekiel. We had to secure some stationery, to pay for
premiums on bonds, for the printing and distribution of r;
cular letters of appeal and reports, and to meet one or two
miscellaneous charges. In addition, it was found necessary
to change the grade of a large portion of the Confederate
section at Arlington, to close and fill in several roadways,
and construct a system of cement walks and basins. The
ceremonies incident to laying the corner stone in November,
1912, and the unveiling of the completed monument in June,
1914, necessitated the expenditure of considerable sums. All
of these expenses, aggregating $5,770.29, have been paid out of
the funds collected.
The following gives in some detail the sources of receipt
and the matters of expenditure of the funds collected by the
Association from organization to March 1, 1916 :
Receipts.
From the United Daughters of the Confederacy:
General society $ 2,950 00
Confederate Seals Committee 1,874 27
Alabama 1,172 03
Arizona 12 50
Arkansas 995 74
California 1,974 4'
Qotyfederat^ l/eterar).
Colorado $ 66 00
District of Columbia -2,66" 03
Florida 1,704 15
Georgia 2,696 51
Illinois 385 50
Indiana 41 25
Kentucky 971 10
Louisiana 44 1 25
Maryland 1,491 4"
Massachusetts 5 00
Mexico 20 00
Minnesota 50 30
Mississippi 2.424 51
Missouri 1 .020 40
Montana 100 00
Nebraska 25 75
New Mexico. . . 26 00
New York 4.405 33
North Carolina 2.549 79
Ohio 33 22
Oklahoma 162 82
Oregon 51 00
Pennsylvania 297 38
South Carolina 3,573 38
Tennessee 2, j?^ '4
Texas 1.01
Utah 12 50
Virginia 6,595 77
Washington 202 86
West Virginia 948 07-- $46,21 1 81
From the United Confederate Veterans 567 57
From the Sons of Confedi rati \ 1 terans. 75 00
From personal contributions 3.135 03
From miscellaneous sources:
Old A. C. M. A 1,593 76
Arlington Memorial Daj collections.. 4.151 35
Lectun s
Survivors 43d New Jersey Volunteers. 100 00
Southern Relief Society 25 00
Sale of "1 listories" 86 25
Unknown donors 25 00
Interest cm deposits 1,895 44 — 8,473 00
Total $58,463 31
/ disbursements.
Monument :
Sir Moses Ezekiel, direct payment . . .$44,274 67
Expenses for foundation, base, freight,
and erecting charges 8. 229 08 — $52,503 75
Office expenses :
Stationery $ 47*87
Postage and telegrams 26 73 — 74 60
Premiums on bonds 342 50
Publicity :
Printing circulars and reports $ 590 75
Postage, expressage. etc., and dis-
tributing same 182 a
Rent of theater for lecture 20000 — 973 08
Expenses incident to laying corner
stone in November. 1912 59405
Expenses incident to unveiling 2,660 30
For work done in changing grade, etc.,
of grounds 1,020 70
Miscellaneous expenses :
Refund of money erroneously turned
in by Memorial Day Committee. . . .$
Testimonial to civil engineer for sev-
eral years' work given without cost.
Total actually expended.
Balance March 1, 1916. . .
229
15 00
90 00—$ 105 00
$58,274 04
lS.j 27
A. C.
$58,463 31
Wallace Streater, Treasurer.
Muddeman, Certified Accountant.
I again call your attention to the ruling of the San Fran-
cisco convention which calls for all sums, excepting those
collected for the Arlington and Shiloh monuments, be sent to
Mrs. C. B. Tate. Treasurer General U. D. C, Pulaski, Va.
My heartfelt sympathy goes forth to those who su
through the catastrophies at Nashville, Tenn , August, Ga.,
and Paris, Tex.
Hoping to meet many of you at the Birmingham Reunion,
believe me,
ithfully yours, Cordelia Powell Odenheimer.
President (ieneral U. T
SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED BY THE UNITED
WGHTERS OF THE COX FEDERAL
I h( General Committee on Education through its chairman,
n, S. C, on March 1 issued its
eighth annual circular dealing with the awards of scholar-
ships owned by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
This circular shows forty scholarships administered by this
mmittei -namely :
1 A scholarship in full, of board and tuition, at Vassar
Colli isie, N. Y.. valued at $500 per annum.
scholarship in full, of board and tuition, at Washing-
ton and Lee University, Lexington, Va., valued at $350 per
annum.
A scholarship of free tuition at Sophie Ncwcomb Col-
lege, Tulane University, New Orleans, La., valued at $100 per
annum.
4. A scholarship in part at the Lucy Cobb Institute, Athens.
Ga., valued at $190 per annum (No. I.).
5. A scholarship in part at the Lucy Cobb Institute, Athens,
Ga., valued at $190 per annum (No. II.).
6. A scholarship of free tuition at the University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C, valued at $60 per annum.
7. A scholarship of free tuition at the Alabama Polytechnic
Institute. Auburn. Ala., valued at $50 per annum.
8. A scholarship of free tuition at the University of Ala-
bama, University, Ala., valued at $60 per annum.
1 \ scholarship of free tuition at the Alabama Polytechnic
Institute 1 No II.), valued at $50 per annum.
10. "The Alice Bristol Scholarship" (a scholarship in full,
of board and tuition) at the Bristol School, Washington, D.
C, valued at $1,000 per annum.
11. A scholarship of free tuition at the University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia. Pa„ valued at $200 per annum (aca-
demic course).
12. A scholarship in full, of board and tuition, at the Loretta
Mother House. Nerinx, Ky., valued at $250 per annum.
13. A scholarship of free tuition at the Medical College of
the State of South Carolina, Charleston, S. C, valued at $120
per annum.
?30
Qoi}federat^ l/eteraij.
14. A scholarship of free tuition at Agnes Scott College,
Decatur, Ga., valued at $75 per annum.
15-36. Twenty-two scholarships of free tuition in the aca-
demic course at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Va., valued at $95 per annum each and available in the fol-
lowing States : Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Dis-
trict of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisi-
ana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West
Virginia, and Washington. Tenure : Two years for each stu-
dent.
37. A scholarship of free tuition at St. Mary's School,
Memphis, Tenn., valued at $100 per annum. Open to girls
from six years to sixteen.
38. "The Thomas Martin Memorial Scholarship" free tui-
tion at Martin College, Pulaski, Tenn., valued at $100 per
annum.
39. A partial scholarship at Converse College, Spartanburg,
S. C, valued at $100 per annum.
40. A partial scholarship at the Fleet School, Flat Rock,
N. C, valued at $400 per annum. Open to boys of high
school age. Tenure : One year for each student.
Of these, seven are filled through September, 1916 — namely :
The Sophie Newcomb Scholarship, filled by Miss Lilian For-
tier, Louisiana.
The Loretta Mother House Scholarship, filled by Miss Ellen
Saunders, Tennessee.
The Alice Bristol Scholarship, filled by Miss Ruth B. Thomp-
son, Hot Springs, Ark.
The Medical College of the State of South Carolina Scholar-
ship, filled by Mr. J. Decherd Guess, Ehrhardt, S. C.
The Lucy Cobb Scholarship (No. II.), filled by Miss J. J.
Hutchison, Georgia.
The University of Virginia Scholarship for the District of
Columbia, filled by Alfred Rives Shands, Washington, D. C.
The University of Alabama Scholarship, filled by Miss Anne
Boulet, Alabama.
The following thirty-four scholarships are open for com-
petition September 1, 1916:
1. The Vassar Scholarship, valued at $500 per annum.
2. The University of North Carolina Scholarship, valued at
$60 per annum.
3. The Alabama Polytechnic Scholarship (No. I.), valued
at $50 per annum.
4. The Alabama Polytechnic Scholarship (No. II.), valued
at $50 per annum.
5. The Alice Bristol Scholarship, valued at $1,000 per an-
num.
6. The Washington and Lee Scholarship, valued at $350 per
annum.
7. The University of Pennsylvania Scholarship in the aca-
demic course, valued at $200 per annum.
8-28. The twenty-one vacant scholarships at the University
of Virginia in the academic course, open to Alabama, Arkan-
sas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky.
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina,
Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vrginia.
West Virginia, Washington, valued at $95 each per annum.
29. The Thomas Martin Memorial Scholarship, valued at
$100 per annum.
30. The St. Mary's School Scholarship, valued at $100 per
annum.
31. The Converse College Scholarship, valued at $100 per
annum.
32. The Fleet School Scholarship, valued at $400 per annum.
H. The Lucy Cobb Scholarship (No. I.), valued at $190 per
annum.
34. The Agnes Scott Scholarship, valued at $75 per annum.
The Washington and Lee and the Vassar Scholarships will
be awarded by competitive examination given June 19-24 in
every State where the U. D. C. have a candidate for these
scholarships. The Bristol Scholarship is open to all States
for competition except Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, and Okla-
homa, as they have already enjoyed its benefits. All applica-
tions for these scholarships must be sent to the Chairman of
Education in the State in which the applicant resides. The
following is the list of State Chairmen of Education. Each
State will apply through its own chairman, who will furnish
the necessary detailed information as to scholastic require-
ments, age, Confederate record, indorsements, etc. :
Alabama, Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Troy.
Arkansas, Mrs. J. T. Beal, 1701 Center Street, Little Rock.
California, Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Los Angeles.
District of Columbia, Mrs. F. W. H. Weeks, 1920 Sunder-
land Place. Washington.
Florida, Mrs. H. W. Tribble, 404 Marion Street, Lake City.
Georgia, Mrs. L. G. Lang, P. O. Box 6, Sandersville ; Mrs.
F. T. Walden (scholarships), Augusta.
Kentucky, Mrs. Claud E. Miller, 424 Aylesford Place, Lex-
ington.
Louisiana, Mrs. F. C. Tompkins, 1501 Sixth Street, New
Orleans.
Mississippi, Mrs. A. J. Aven, Clinton.
Missouri, Mrs. Elma Ealy, 419 Belvue Street, Cape Girar-
deau.
New York, Mrs. John A. Renahan (New York Chapter),
601 West One Hundred and Fifteenth Street, New York City;
Mrs. Francis E. Hill (M. M. Sullivan Chapter), 196 Ashland
Avenue, Bloomfield, N. J.
North Carolina, Miss Anne J. Gash, Pisgah Forest.
Ohio, Mrs. John L. Shearer, 3436 Cornell Place, Cincinnati.
South Carolina, Miss Armida Moses, Washington Street,
Sumter.
Tennessee, Mrs. W. H. Davis, 940 Russell Street, Nashville.
Texas, Mrs. Mary E. Bryan, 1619 LaBranch Street, Hous-
ton.
Virginia, Mrs. Yates McA. Wilson, 402 Court Street, Ports-
mouth.
West Virginia, Mrs. Rudd Neel, Huntington.
The summary of the report of the U. D. C. work for edu-
cation in 1915 as given at the San Francisco convention is
shown by the circular to be as follows : "Five hundred and
eighty-seven and a half scholarships, valued at $61,216, were
awarded annually by the U. D. C. Of these, forty-three are
general scholarships, valued at $6,050; five hundred and forty-
four and a half State scholarships, valued at $55,166 annually
— an increase in 1915 of one hundred and ninety-six scholar-
ships and an increased money value of $18,163."
Your Chairman of Education has just been notified by the
faculty of Vassar College that our U. D. C. scholarship girl,
Ruth Walker, of Cartersville, Ga., is graduating there this
June on the honor list and has made the highest scholastic
fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. This report should encourage us
to a new effort for securing an equally fine girl to take Miss
Walker's place at Vassar. This can be done if the individual ■
U. D. C.'s spread abroad the news of this opportunity for our
young women. Mary B. Poppenheim,
Chairman Committee on Education.
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
231
Ibistorian General's IPacje
BY MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, GA.
The need was so great that one thousand additional copies
of "Historical Sins of Omission and Commission" have been
published out of the Day Booklet Fund. The interest is so
rapidly increasing in the study of historical programs that
the following information is given for future guidance:
Publications Provided from the Day Booklet Fund
"The South in the Building of the Nation." Washington,
1912. Ten cents.
"Thirteen Periods of United Slates History." New Or-
leans, 1913. Ten cents.
"Historical Sins of Omission and Commision" (si
edition). San Francisco, 1915. Ten cents.
"Wrongs of History Righted" (two thousand copu
hand). Savannah, 1914. One cent.
Athens Banner. Ladies' Memorial Association. Ten cents
"What the South May Claim" will be from the press in two
weeks. Funds have nut been available from the general fund.
U. D, C, and the Day Booklet Fund is exhausted, so the
pamphlet has been delayed and could not be issued earlier.
Major Littlehcld and Mrs. Rosenberg, of Galveston. Tex .
have sent $110 to further this publication. It is hoped thai
sufficient advertisements may be secured to issue as many as
ten thousand copies, so thai Chapters using the programs may
have the pamphlet for only the postage. Be sure to secure
copies of this for June programs.
Some Chapters and C. of C. Auxiliaries have not asked for
their quota of programs; henci those Chapters following the
study outlined by the Historian General may have extra copies
by applying.
There are some "Open Letters" uncalled for by State His-
torians, so those desiring the 1915 "Open Letter" from the
Historian General may also secure copies upon application.
Please note in "What the South May Claim" the "Ques-
tions Answered" by the Historian General, giving her au-
thority for statements contained in her four addresses; also
note corrections in names and dates.
Urgent requests have come for the Historian General to
prepare information to be used in connection with essay
contests in schools along the following lines
"The True History of Jefferson Davis."
"The True History of Abraham Lincoln."
"The Life of Thaddeus Stevens."
"The True Story of John Brown "
"Who Were the Carpetbaggers and the Scalawags during
Reconstruction Days?"
"What Was the Freedman's Bureau? Why and When
Established?"
"The Women of the Confederacy."
These requests will be answered in the paper, "What the
South Mav Claim."
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR JUNE. 1916
Jefferson Davis, Born June 3, 1808
Ritual.
1. Describe the childhood of Jefferson Davis and anecdotes
connected with those early days.
2. Give sketches of his father and mother, brothers and
sisters. Leading characteristics of father and mother.
3 His early school days and incidents connected with his
teachers in those days.
4. Give some incidents connected with his life at West
Point.
5. What textbook used there taught him to go with his
State if she ever seceded?
6 <iive incidents connected with his military life in the
Black Hawk and Mexican Wars.
7. Read extracts from his speech as United States Senator
on the right of secession. ("Congressional Records.")
8. How was he honored when he returned to Mississippi -
Why declined?
9 Name the members of his Cabinet. Were they all true
to him?
10. Give incidents connected with his prison life.
11. Give some tributes that have been paid to him.
12. What organization is trying to buy his birthplace in
Kentucky?
Reading: "Visit to General Jackson."
I >a\i^'~ ( li.ir,
C . PROGRAM FOR JUNE, 19 16.
Jefferson Davis. Birthday June 3.
Ritual.
1 Where was Jefferson Davis born? Have you a picture
of his birthplace?
2. Who was his first teacher ? Tell about his bravery as a
child.
3. What practical joke did he play on his mother?
4. Tell how truthful he was at school when the teacher
wanted to punish him.
5. Why w as he sent so early to boarding school ?
6. How many schools did he attend? How long at West
Point?
7. Can you tell of a single instance when he was mean, un-
truthful, or dishonorable?
8. What was the name of his tirst wife? Of his second
w i f e ?
9 How many children did he have? Can you name them?
10. Why was Winnie called the "Daughter of the Con-
federacy" ?
11. What was the name of his Mississippi home? Was it
given to him?
12. What is it now used for?
13. Read the letter from the mother of a soldier boy.
14. Give instances of the innate politeness of "the gentle-
man to the manner born" when he was dying to the young
soldier.
15. Show what a Christian gentleman President Davis was.
TO MY MOTHER.
Deal gently with her, Time. These many years
1 M lite have brought more smiles with them than tears.
Lay not thy hand too harshly on her now,
But trace decline so slowly on her brow
That, like a sunset of the northern clime,
Where twilight lingers in the summertime
And fades at last into the silent night
Ere one may note the passing of the light —
So may she pass, since 'tis the common lot,
As one who. resting, sleeps and knows it not.
— John Allan Wyeth.
-'32
Qor?federat<^ l/eterap.
Confeberateb Southern /Ifcemorial Hesociation
Mrs,. W. J. Behan President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John- E. Maxwell Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Halt Historian
1 105% Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J . Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
1 13 Third Street South, Richmond, Ya.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Teim.
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham. Ala.
VICE PRESIDENTS
A 1 \n IMA — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside "Welch
Florida— Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Lorisl \na — Xew Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Miss. 11 in— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
North Carolina— Raleigh Mrs. Robert II. Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles \V. Frazer
Virginia— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
CONVENTION CALL.
The sixteenth annual convention will be held in the city
of Birmingham, Ala., May 15-18, 1916.
The Tutwiler has been designated as the official hotel and
headquarters of the Confederated Southern Memorial Asso-
ciation.
The welcome meeting will be held Monday, May 15, in
Cabel Hall.
Business sessions will be held daily at the Chapter House,
Church of the Advent: Morning sessions, 9:30 o'clock; ad-
journment, 12:30 p.m.; afternoon sessions, 2 o'clock; adjourn-
ment, 5 P.M.
Memorial Service.
The usual memorial service will take place Wednesday,
May 17, at 12 m. in the U. C. V. auditorium under the joint
auspices of the United Confederate Veterans and the Con-
federated Southern Memorial Association.
Payment of Dues.
Do not fail to forward annual dues ($2) on or before May
10 to the Treasurer General, Mrs. John E. Maxwell, Seale,
Ala., R. F. D. No. I, Box 2. Dues should be paid by post office
money order. Jf a check is sent, add ten cents for exchange.
Business Notices.
State Vice Presidents and Associations are expected to
send typewritten reports of work accomplished during the
year, particularly such items as refer to the observance of
Memorial Day. All reports should be left with the Recording
Secretary General for publication in the minutes. Reading
of reports will be limited to ten minutes.
Secretaries of Associations are requested to send the names
of deceased members for 1915 and 1916 to the Recording Sec-
retary General without delay. These names will be read at
the memorial service.
Members desiring badges may obtain same by applying to
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson, Recording Secretary General,
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La. Ribbon badge. 15
cents ; gold pin, $3.
Credential Certificates.
Inclosed are two credential blanks to be filled out and signed
by the President and Secretary of your local Association.
Return one certificate to the Recording Secretary General,
Miss D. M. L. Hodgson, 7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans,
La., on or before May 10. The duplicate certificate must be
presented to the chairman of the Credentials Committee at
the convention, from whom you will receive a delegate's
badge.
A bureau of information will be found in the convention
hall. Delegates and visitors are requested to register their
home address, also where located in Birmingham.
The order of business is subject to change, so as to con-
form to plans made by our host, the Entertainment Commit-
ttee of the U. C. V. Reunion.
By order of Mrs. W. J. Behan, President General.
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson, Corresponding Secretary General.
LADIES' CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION,
NEW ORLEANS. LA.
BY MRS. JOHN G. HARRISON, REC. SEC. L. C. M. A.
The Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association of New
Orleans is one of the twenty Memorial Associations to cele-
brate fifty years of faithful service in the year 1916. On May
10, 1916, we will observe our fiftieth anniversary. The mem-
bers are rejoicing over the fact that an endowment fund of
$1,000 has been secured for the perpetual care of the Con-
federate monument erected in 1874. True to the memory of
the men who wore the gray and with loyal devotion to the
surviving heroes, the Memorial Association of New Orleans
is devoting time and energy to the education of the young
generation in the true knowledge of Confederate history.
Through the patriotic devotion of the late S. A. Cunningham
the sacred cause has been placed in the hands of loyal co-
workers.
The Ladies' Memorial Association has been particularly
active in securing subscriptions to the Confederate Veteran
through the efforts of its President, Mrs. W. J. Behan. This
valuable and interesting publication has been introduced into
the schools, colleges, and libraries of New Orleans. The
Confederate Veteran is recognized as one of the most in-
teresting of Southern magazines, entirely devoid of sectional
prejudice. It will be found in large libraries of the North
and West, as well as in the South. The Ladies' Memorial
Association of New Orleans believes that in extending the
circulation of the Confederate Veteran it is teaching to the
youth of the land the unfailing devotion, the magnificent
courage, the great achievements of the Southern armies. Let
other Memorial Associations follow this example, and the
Confederate Veteran will be assured of a long life.
Qor?federat^ tfeterai).
233
memorial /lowers.
The Lord of light, who rules the hours,
Has scattered through our sunny land
Mementos of his love in flowers
With lavish hand.
This month they bloom in beauty rare
And more than wonted sweets display
As conscious of the part they bear
The tenth of May,
( hi which the Soutli in plaintive tone
Of pride and sorrow, mixed with bliss.
Speaks: "As a nation I can own
Xo day but this."
I give on it my glorious dead
The tribute they have earned so well
And with each bud and blossom shed
A mystic spell.
I lay the laurel wreath above
The cedar, with its sacred ties,
And place them with a mother's 1"
Where Jackson lies.
1 he lily in its loveliness,
Pure as the stream where it awoke
And spotless as his bishop's dr< ss,
I give to Polk.
To Vlbert Sidney Johnston, moss
And rosemary and balm ; to these,
Entwisted in a simple 0
1 add heartsease.
The fleur-de-lis, in song and lay
The emblem of true knighthood's pride,
I place, commixed with jessamine spray.
By Ashby's side,
Fresh morning-glory buds 1 twine,
With scarlet woodbine laid beneath.
And mingle with them eglantine
For Pelham's wreath.
The honeysuckle's rosy drift.
Whose fragrance dripping dews distill.
I offer as the proper gift
I 1 ■] Ambrose Hill.
O'er Pender's pure and sacred dust
Let bleeding hearts and bays be swept.
lie well deserved his country's trust.
So nobly kept.
Let Ramseur's native pines drop down
Their leaves and odorous gums, displa
To form with ivy flowers a crown
Where he is laid.
While orange blossoms fall like snow
And fill the air with fragrance ripe.
I hey form of Maxey Gregg, below,
The truest type.
\\rhere Doles and Bartow rest in death
Strew hyacinths and mignonette
And scatter with its balmy breath
The violet.
The fairest of the radiant dyes
Which paint in living gems her -
The Lord of flowers well supplies
To honor Ward.
The grand magnolia's blossoms fall.
Mingling with fern their snowy 1
And form a freshly fragrant pall
To cover Rodes.
Let stars of Bethlehem gleaming be
As pure as Barksdale's soul, which soars
While he exclaims: "I gladly die
In such a car
Granbury rests in dreamless sli
Ami heaped upon his grave's grei ■
I let 1 n cactus creep
Round goldenrod.
Of Zollicoffer, who went first
To plead my cause at heaven's bar.
The am'ranth's buds to glory burst
Fit emblems arc.
For Morgan let the wildwood .
Afford a dewy diadem
And with its drooping tendrils drape
The buckeye's stem.
Missouri from the fertile fields
Washed by her giant river's wave
The gorgeous rhododendron yields
ulloch's grave.
Around the stone with Cleburne's name
Wreathe daisies and the golden bell
And trumpet flowers with hearts of flame
And asphodel.
him who made all hearts his 1
The sweetest rose of love shall bloom
In buds of blushing beauty strewn
On Stuart's tomb.
Each nameless work and scattered spot
Which hides my children from my vi< w
I mark with the forget-me-not
In heaven's own blue.
Of all the varied vernal race,
I give my cherished dead a part,
Except the cypress; that I place
Upon my heart.
— Fanny Downing.
234
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
COL. W. H. TAYLOR, A. A. G. ARMY OF NORTHERN
VIRGINIA: AN APPRECIATION.
BY REV. GILES B. COOK,
One-Time A. A. and I. G. on Staff of General Lee and now Rector of All-
Saints' Church, Portsmouth, Va.
Walter Herron Taylor was born at Norfolk, Va., on the
13th of June, 1838, and died there on the 1st of March, 1916.
The funeral at his residence on the 4th of March, Bishops
Randolph and Tucker officiating, was largely attended. As a
boy Walter Taylor entered into all our sports with spirit and
zest and was among the foremost in his studies at school,
being equally popular with boys and girls. Returning home
from the Virginia Military Institute in 1855, he engaged in
merchandising until the beginning of the war, in 1861. With his
military training at the Norfolk Academy, the Virginia Mili-
tary Institute, and as an officer of a volunteer company, he
was fitted to accept a position on the staff of Gen. R. E. Lee,
commanding the Provisional Army of Virginia. He served
on the staff of General Lee from the beginning of the war,
in 1861, to the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, on the
9th of April, 1865. His intimate relations with General Lee,
resembling the friendship between General Washington and
Alexander Hamilton, for four years as his personal aid and
adjutant general had much to do with the shaping of Colonel
Taylor's after life and enabled him to write of "Four Years
with General Lee'' and "General Lee, 1S61-65." These two
books, with Gamaliel Bradford's "Lee the American," will
doubtless be the standard histories of the life of the great
American, Robert E. Lee. How great he was, let General
Wolseley, then commander in chief of the British army,
after his visit to General Lee during the War between the
States, bear witness. Said he in substance : "I have enjoyed
the companionship of kings, queens, emperors, statesmen, and
renowned military chieftains, but I never felt my insignifi-
cance as I did when in the presence of Robert E. Lee."
Colonel Taylor acted as aid to General Lee in his every
battle ; and although on several occasions in the thick of the
fight, rallying troops and leading them to the charge, he was
spared to see the end of the war. As adjutant general of the
Army of Northern Virginia his duties were onerous and dif-
ficult. How he managed to be so popular with the rank and
file of the army and also with his chief I could never under-
stand. I can only remember one instance in the execution of
his duties when there was any friction between the General
and himself. At one time, on taking a large bundle of papers
to General Lee to sign, the General said with some show of
temper: "Colonel Taylor, what made you bring me so many
papers to sign?" The Colonel (who never lacked spirit)
slammed the papers down on the General's desk and turned
to go out. As he neared the door the General said : "Colonel
Taylor, if I, with all the care of the army on my shoulders,
should forget myself, I hope you will not forget yourself."
The Colonel was melted, and the papers were duly signed.
There was no duty the General hated as he did the signing of
papers.
Colonel Taylor's influence with General Lee was so strong
that on one occasion he secured for me an interview under the
following circumstances : General Beauregard, after fighting
fiercely with his little army for about three days to keep Gen-
eral Grant out of Petersburg, sent several of his staff to Gen-
erel Lee for reenforcements ; but the General refused to see
them. About eleven o'clock at night of the third day General
Beauregard sent for me and said : "Major Cook, go at once
to General Lee, explain to him how critical my position is,
and tell him that unless he sends me reenforcements early
to-morrow morning nothing but God Almighty can save
Petersburg." Accompanied by Capt. Robert Bright, of
General Pickett's staff, I rode rapidly to General Lee's head-
quarters, near Drewry's Bluff, seventeen miles away, reaching
there by two o'clock. I explained to Colonel Taylor the situa-
tion and urged him to secure an interview for me with the
General. In a short time he conducted me to the tent of
General Lee, who greeted me kindly, sitting up in his bed,
and listened patiently to my description of the situation and
General Beauregard's inability to hold Petersburg any longer
without reenforcements. When I closed the interview by say-
ing, "General Beauregard bids me add that unless you send
him reenforcements by the break of day nothing but God Al-
mighty can save
Petersburg," he said
reverently: "I hope
God Almighty will
save Petersburg.
Major, please send
Colonel Taylor to
me." Orders were is-
sued to Gen. Dick
Anderson's division
(the troops nearest to
Petersburg) to march
at once to the relief
of General Beaure-
gard, and that divi-
sion and other troops
of General Lee's army
reached Petersburg in
time to save the city.
Why General Lee de-
layed so long in send-
ing reenforcements to
General Beauregard
has always been a
matter of conjecture,
but I have heard it
suggested that the
General credited the reports of his own scouts rather than the
reports of General Beauregard's scouts as to General Grant's
army crossing the James River.
The Sunday afternoon before our army left Petersburg
Colonel Taylor telegraphed his brother, Maj. Robinson Tay-
lor, of Mahone's staff, encamped near Richmond, to go at
once to Richmond and make all the necessary arrangements
for a very important event. The Major went at once to Rich-
mond. Colonel Taylor left us at Petersburg that afternoon
and at night was married to Miss Bettie Saunders, a daughter
of Commodore Saunders, of Norfolk. When the Colonel left
his bride to join us early next morning on our retreat to Ap-
pomattox C. H., he did not know that he would ever see his
wife again ; but he lived to celebrate their golden wedding.
His love of country and for the cause he had espoused and
fought for underwent a severe test on the awful day of sur-
render. When General Lee, after having been advised by
some of his generals to capitulate, asked him, "Well, Colonel,
what are we to do?" Colonel Taylor replied: "Well, sir, I
can only speak for myself. To me any other fate is prefer-
able." This patriotic expression deserves to live in history.
In General Orders No. 9 General Lee on Sunday after-
noon, April 9, 1865, took leave of what was left of the grand
COL. WALTER H. TAYLOR.
Picture made just after the war, at
the age of twenty-seven.
C^opfederat^ l/eterar).
235
old Army of Northern Virginia, said farewell to the men he
loved and with whom he had fought and suffered for nearly
four years, and next morning left for Richmond. All the staff
parted with the General on the way, going to what was left
of their respective homes, except Colonel Taylor, who went
with him to Richmond. While there he had the distinguished
honor of being photographed with General Lee and his son
Custis. He soon left Richmond with his wife and returned
to Norfolk, where he spent the rest of his useful life and
reared an interesting family of children, four boys and four
girls, all of whom, with their mother, survive him.
For many years Colonel Taylor occupied positions of honor
and trust in his native city and State and also in the councils
of his Church. During the dreadful days of Reconstruction
as State Senator he wielded an influence highly beneficial to
the State of Virginia. For several years he represented the
vestry of Christ Church, Norfolk, in the Diocesan Council
and the Diocesan Council in the General Convention. As a
speaker he was clear, forceful, and convincing, more logical
than rhetorical; his style as a writer was interesting and in-
structive, as evidenced in his "General Lee, 1861-65." Al-
though as he grew older he gave up many of the positions he
held in Church and State, he never lost interest in their edu-
cational and charitable institutions. Besides serving for sev-
eral years as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Vir-
ginia Military Institute, his Alma Mater, he showed his ap-
preciation of the institute by having several of his sons edu-
cated there. The progress and welfare of Norfolk, his native
city, was ever near to his heart, and lie did much as Presi-
dent of the Marine Bank and in many other ways and posi-
tions to develop her resources. It may truly be said of
Colonel Taylor that, as one of the foremost citizens of his
State and city, his long life of usefulness will ever be held in
grateful remembrance by his fellow citizens. For truthful-
ness, sincerity, honesty of purpose, and business acumen he
was doubtless the peer of any of his contemporaries. And,
best of all, as a humble-hearted Christian he walked daily in
the narrow way that leadeth to eternal life; and when the
r called him from his labors and from his loved ones
on earth, he could say with the aged apostle : "I have fought
a good fight. I have finished my course. I have kept the faith ;
henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness."
In concluding this imperfect tribute to this just man, whom
I knew intimately for sixty-three years, since we were school-
mates in 1853, let me say that he held high ideals of what
life and conluct should be. He leaves to his wife and children
the noble heritage of a good name, which is better than great
riches, and to all who knew him "the influence of a benevolent
and useful life that goes on after death and reproduces itself
in those whom it awakens to aspiration and emulation."
"Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in the dust."
Appropriately given here is the brief tribute by the Rich-
mond Times-Dispatch to "Lee's Adjutant": "Few men have
been more honored in life than was Col. Walter H. Taylor, of
Norfolk, and few are more honored in memory than he. To
have lived so that all men gave him reverence to the day of
his death is memory fine enough, but to have lived so that in
his youth he was the trusted adjutant of Robert E. Lee sets
his name apart and emblazons it. His books, his work in
later years, his service to his community will live after him.
But after those will live what may be carved on his tomb: 'He
was the adjutant of Lee.'"
PRO P ATRIA. ■
BY CASSIE MONCURE LYNE.
It is memorial month of May,
When through all this land so wide.
From where cold Massachusetts Bay
Blends with the Gulf stream tide,
There comes a hallowed day
When we from sordid gain
And marts of trade refrain
To honor those who would not yield,
But gave their lives on battle field.
Bring laurels white, strew red roses round,
For heroes sleep beneath each mound,
While broken hearts and bitter tears
Have known the balm of passing years.
Yet the principles they cherished.
The loyalty for which they perished
Will live till history is hoary
And illumine song and story
With their glorious deeds of beauty
Men who were incarnate duty.
The wind a requiem breathes to-day
From Northern pine to Southern bay
For those who wore Confederate gray ;
While verdant spring a halo paints
Around their forms like warrior saints.
Peace, rest are words most wondrous sweet.
Life's warfare o'er, old soldiers meet
Where those who dared to fend the right
Will stand as victors in God's sight.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GREAT COMMANDER.
"Skill in war is not the only thing to be sought in a con-
summate and perfect commander. There are many excellent
qualities which are directors and associates of this skill. And,
before all else, all commanders should possess stainless in-
tegrity and great self-control in all circumstances and perfect
truthfulness, genuine courtesy, natural talents, and gentle
kindliness.
"When Pompey led his legions into Asia, it was said that
neither the hands nor even the footsteps of so great an army
inflicted injury on any peaceable citizen. While his army was
in winter quarters force was never used to compel any one to
give supplies for a soldier, and even when any citfzen desired
to do so it was forbidden."
The above is the eulogy which Cicero, the great Roman
orator, pronounced on Pompey, the great Roman general.
It seems to me a correct description of the character of our
noble Confederate chieftain. Robert E. Lee, and his method of
carrying on war. J. H. McNeilly.
Beyond Price. — A very unique and valuable bracelet con-
stantly worn by Miss Mary Lee, only surviving child of Gen.
R. E. Lee, is made of Confederate buttons. The central but-
ton is from her father's coat, and on one side of that is a
button from the coat of her eldest brother, Gen. G. W. Custis
Lee ; on the other side of the central button is one from the
coat of Gen. W. H. F. Lee, another brother ; while the re-
maining buttons are from the uniforms of near relatives who
served the Confederacy. These buttons are joined together
by gold links.
22,6
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
OUR VETERAN HELPERS.
Among the many thousands of friends who have Helped to
build up the Veteran through its years of existence, it would
be difficult to name that one who has done most in its interest.
Some of these good friends have continued their work through
many years, of whom is W. C. Brown, of Gainesville, Tex.,
and his efforts this year have been so successful as to deserve
special mention. During the months of February and March
he added one hun-
dred and eighteen new
subscribers to the list
of patrons at Gaines-
ville and near-by
towns, in addition to
renewing the old sub-
scriptions at Gaines-
ville. And he is still
working.
Comrade Brown
was born in Madison
County, Ala., in 1840,
but in 1849 the family
removed to Union-
ville, Bedford County,
Tenn., and from thi'r<
he enlisted in the Con-
federate army in
April, 1861, becoming
a member of Com-
pany F, 23d Tennes-
see Infantry, Bush-
rod Johnson's bri-
gade, Cheatham's Di-
vision, Hardee's Corps. He was wounded twice in the bat-
tle of Shiloh. His command was in camp at Tupelo, Miss.,
during the summer of 1862 and took part in the battle of
Perryville, Ky., in the fall of that year. Falling back into
Tennessee, the battle of Murfreesboro was fought, and the
army then wintered at Tullahoma. In September, 1863, oc-
curred the bloody battle of Chickamauga, in which his di-
vision was engaged, and it then remained at Missionary Ridge
until November, when ordered to Knoxville to reenforce
General Longstreet.
who had General
Burnside surrounded.
The battle of Bean's
Station was fought on
December 14, 1863.
and after spending
the winter of 1863-64
in East Tennessee,
with no tents and not
much food and cloth-
ing, his division was
sent to Richmond,
Va., took part in the
battle of Drewry's
Bluff, then on to
Petersburg in time to
prevent its capture by
General Hancock, and
thus to the end at
Appomattox.
Comrade Brown william lochiel Cameron.
w. c. BROWN.
for many years has been a resident of Gainesville. Tex., where
he is known as one of the prominent Confederate veterans and
a public-spirited citizen.
Another Texas comrade in this class is William Lochiel
Cameron, of Galveston, who, during last year and this, has
built up the list there largely and continues ever interested
and active in his efforts. As a Confederate soldier he was
but one of many boys in a humble position, but he went in
at the start and came out only at the finish. He inherited his
military tastes from ancestry on both sides, as his father's
people had fought with their Highland chieftain, Lochiel,
and his mother's grandfather, Col. Alexander Fraser, as a
British officer surrendered to the American forces during the
little difficulty between England and the United States.
In June, 1861, at the age of sixteen, Comrade Cameron left
Memphis, Tenn., as a private in the Young Guard, a com-
pany of boys organized and commanded by his older brother,
Capt. John Fraser Cameron, who had been educated at a
military school. In a few months young Cameron was de-
tailed to the Confederate States arsenal at Selma, Ala., where
a part of his duties was to take charge of war materials being
sent to the front. Upon one occasion he was sent with a lot
of "lances" and other materials consigned to Gen. Jeff Thomp-
son, in command of a fleet of "cottonclad" gunboats and
rams at Fort Pillow, on the Mississippi River. Upon his
return to Selma he was appointed an officer in the Confed-
erate States navy.- to report to Commodore Page at Savannah,
Ga., where he served on board the Confederate States steam-
ship Oconee and then on the Savannah. In the fall of 1863
he was transferred to Mobile, Ala., and there attached to the
ironclad Confederate States steamship Huntsville. This ves-
sel was a flat-bottomed boat, with an iron shield similar to the
Virginia (Merrimac), and had four guns. In 1864 the Hunts-
ville was ordered to join the Selma, Gaines, and Morgan, the
wooden fleet operating about Mobile. This boat survived a
terrible storm on the night it reached Fort Morgan and the
next morning sailed up the bay, and so it was not in the fight
in the lower bay when Farragut came in.
Mr. Cameron was transferred to the flagship Nashville
after this battle and surrendered with that vessel. In the
Veteran for July, 1915, appears his graphic description of the
battle at Spanish Fort and Blakely, opposite Mobile, and the
retreat of the fleet up the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers,
with the final surrender on the 10th of May, 1865. Since the
war he has been actively engaged as a waterworks managi
constructor, and engineer. He is now Lieutenant Com-
mander of Camp Magruder, U. C. V., at Galveston.
THE OLD CITY OF MOBILE.
Mobile has "two hundred years of romantic history," ac-
cording to an entertaining writer. It was the first seat of
government for the vast territory of Louisiana. It was for-
merly called Fort Charlotte. In its cemetery, awaiting the
judgment day, are the earthly remains of Gen. Braxton
Bragg, Admiral Raphael Semmes, the beloved Father Ryan,
and many other notables of Confederate fame. Near the city,
at the Gulf of Mexico entrance to Mobile Bay, is Fort Mor-
gan, where Admirals Buchanan and Farragut fought a great
naval battle on August 5, 1864. Near it is Dauphin Island,
which was the rendezvous of Pakenham's forces of the rem-
nant of the British army after the battle of Orleans, in 1812.
Mobile has been dominated by French, British, Spanish, Con-
federate, and Federal powers.
C^opfederat^ l/eterai?.
237
■THE BIRTH OF A NATION."
Every visitor to Birmingham during the Reunion will have
an opportunity to see the wonderful picture drama, "The
Birth of a Nation," which will be shown there all during Re-
union week. None should fail to see it for its great historical
value. In its many scenes of beauty and pathos we live again
the days of the South's glory and humiliation and final resur-
rection through the strength of a manhood which would not
submit to tyranny.
This photo play is founded on Thomas Dixon's story of
"The Clansman," but it has been refined and strengthened in
the adaptation directed by David Wark Griffith, whose treat-
ment of the theme is much greater and grander than the
original. It is interesting to know that Mr. Griffith is him-
self the son of a Confederate soldier, and perhaps on that ac-
count he was able to put into its every scene that quality which
impresses with the
vividness of truth. His
father was Col. Jacob
Wark Griffith, of Ken-
tucky, lieutenant colonel
of the 1st Kentucky
Cavalry and known as
a daring commander.
There was more than
one instance where
Colonel Griffith led his
pegiment to victory
when it seemed that the
odds were too much.
Col. E. Polk Johnson,
of Louisville. Ky., who
also served with that
regiment — rather proud
of it, too, he says —
gives an incident in
Colonel Griffith's ca-
reer which demon-
strates his ability to get
out of a tight place.
In a certain engage-
ment the 1st Kentucky
Cavalry found itself
outnumbered and in
danger of being cap-
tured. Realizing the
desperate situation.
Colonel Griffith, who
,was in command, here
brought into use his
marvelous voice, which
could be heard at a great distance, and began to order imagi-
nary troops to the front, to the right and left flanks, and
wound up by ordering the 1st Kentucky to charge the enemy
in front. Hearing these orders, the Federals thought they
were about to be surrounded and began at once a retreat,
with the 1st Kentucky at their heels. While not always vic-
torious. Colonel Griffith managed to get his troops out of the
worst situations without much loss. This regiment was a
part of the escort of President Davis from Charlotte, N. C.
to Washington, Ga., where it surrendered May o, 1865, just
one month after Appomattox, and every member of it was
proml to have stayed to the end.
Like his father, David Griffith delights in overcoming dif-
HENRY B. WALTHALL, OF ALABAMA.
"If I am nol able to attend the Reunion in May," writes Mr. Walthall
from Chicago, "I'll send forth tiie Rebel yell from : ere." The two
pictui VIr. Walthall as the "Mttle Colonel" In the "Birth "f a Nation."
ficulties and has the infinite capacity of taking pains. Through
eight months he worked to perfect this production. When
we realize that there are over five thousand distinct scenes,
with eighteen thousand people and three thousand horses
figuring therein, we have some idea of the magnitude of the
undertaking. Mr. Griffith is known as a leader in the pro-
duction of picture plays, and his masterpiece, "The Birth of
a Nation," is a revelation as to what can be done in that field
of art.
While the character roles in this stirring drama are all well
sustained, there is one which stands preeminent, especially
because of the splendid work in its portrayal. As Col. Ben
Cameron, the daring soldier and leader of the Klan, Henry B.
Walthall really lives the part of the high-bred Southerner
and gallant Confederate and wins the appreciation of his
audiences everywhere. The "Little Colonel," as lie
is universally known,
is also the son of a
Confederate, a soldier
of Alabama, and was
himself a volunteer in
the war with Spain.
He was born in Shelby
County, Ala., and
studied to be a lawyer.
but found his true voca-
tion on the stage. His
work is always of a
high order, but he is
best known and appre-
ciated for his part in
"The Birth of a Na-
tion."
Not the least enjoy-
able feature of this pro-
duction is the music,
tl many sources it
was drawn, and so ap-
propriately is it adapted
to every change of
scene that subcon-
sciously the audience is
i d by its theme,
following in tender
mood the strains of an
old love song or thrill-
ing under the high
notes of patriotic airs.
The climax of enthusi-
asm is reached under
the stirring call to
arms, and as the "Little Colonel" comes riding forward under
the folds of the starry banner every heart echoes the strain
which high and clear rings out :
"I'll live or die for Dixie!"
A PORTRAIT OF HENRY TIMROD.
Vet as I view your old-time picture, all
The proud past blossoms, though your day is fled ;
Once more I hear your Stuart's battle call
And see your Stonewall rising from the dead.
— IValter Malone.
23S
Qoi>federat^ l/eterai).
OUT OF THE ASHES.
[Three cities of the South have recently suffered from dis-
astrous fires — Augusta, Ga., Nashville, Term., and Paris, Tex. —
causing not only large financial loss, but the destruction of
much of historic interest which can never be replaced. The
greatest loss financially was at Paris, Tex., where the center of
the business district was utterly wiped out. But the spirit
of Texans grows stronger under the blows of adverse fate,
and out of the ruins of the old another and a fairer city will
rise speedily. This trait of the Texas spirit is the senti-
ment of a poem sent to the Veteran by J. M. Long, of
Paris, which is most appropriately given here.]
In Memoriam : Paris, Tex., March 22, 1916.
Smoldering she lies in ashes,
Stricken, desolate, undone,
Prostrate under fell misfortune,
Her wealth and beauty gone.
Smoking ruins mark the places
Where domestic peace was found ;
Falling walls and cooling embers
Block the streets and strew the ground.
Bank and hovel, cot and mansion
Melted like a "skift" of snow
On the hills and vales of Dixie
When the Southern breezes blow ;
Houseless, homeless, frightened mothers
Call and count their precious brood
And, on finding none are missing,
Realize that God is good.
Desolated fathers gather
Like an army in defeat,
Forming to renew the battle,
Never thinking of retreat.
Onward over broken futures,
Forward with a steady tread,
Grim determination living,
Vacillation must be dead.
many poems. After the war she lived in Washington, D. C.
where she was Don Piatt's assistant on the Patriot, the
leading daily paper there at the time. She died in 1894, and
her poems are now being collected by her daughters for pub-
lication in book form. Such a volume will be a rich addition
to the literature of the South. Her poems are noted for an
exquisite sentiment. That on the death of the great War
Governor of North Carolina, Vance, is considered one of her
best, and the "Legend of Catawba" is another of special
merit. The Veteran is pleased to present her "Memorial
Flowers" as the most beautiful of that type of poetic expres-
sion.
A CONFEDERATE DRUMMER.
The picture given on the front page of this Reunion number
is that of Martin D. Luther, one of the few surviving drum-
mers of the Confederate army. He was born in Buncombe
County, N. C, and at the beginning of the war, in 1861, he
enlisted in Company I, 25th North Carolina Infantry Regi-
ment. He took part in the battles of Suffolk. Ya., and Plym-
outh, N. C, and at the latter place was left on the field for
dead, but was later taken to the hospital and in ninety days
rejoined his regiment. He was also in the battle of the Wil-
derness and the siege of Petersburg. During this siege the
drummer of his company was killed, and Comrade Luther
took his place and served as drummer to the end of the war.
He had the distinction of beating the last roll call in Lee's
army before the surrender at Appomattox. Since the war he
has been one of the prominent Confederate veterans of
Athens, Tenn., and a member of the U. C. V. Camp at that
place.
MEMORIAL EXERCISES AT CAMP CHASE.
On June 10, 1916, the annual memorial exercises will be held
at Camp Chase Cemetery. Donations of flowers should be
sent to Mrs. D. B. Ulrey, President of R. E. Lee Chapter,
U. D. C, 26 North Harris Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. Any
money contributed for flowers will be received by Mrs. Daniel
Carroll, 63 Smith Place, Columbus.
Manly courage always conquers,
Always stems Misfortune's tide;
And the world, which loves a fighter,
Only has to watch with pride.
Paris, from her blackened ruins,
Loss of wealth and mental pain,
With renewed eclipsing splendor,
Phoenix-like, will rise again.
THE POEMS OF FANNY DOWNING.
Most appropriate for this number of the Veteran is the
poem, "Memorial Flowers," which was written by a sweet
singer of the South not so well known as her ability justly
merits. The author of this poem, Fanny Downing, was a
daughter of Virgina. born in Portsmouth. Her father was
John W. Murdaugh, a noted lawyer of Virginia, and she mar-
ried Charles W. Downing, then Secretary of State for Florida.
In 1862, while refugeeing with kindred in Charlotte, N. C,
she assisted Gen. D. H. Hill in the publication of his maga-
zine, "The Land We Love," for which she wrote a novel and
Causes That Led to the War between the States. By I.
O. McGehee, 53d Virginia Regiment, A. N. V. A. B. Cald-
well Publishing Company, Atlanta, Ga.
This is a series of papers prepared by request to place in
the hands of the Daughters of the Confederacy in brief, clear
style the incontrovertible facts that led to the War between
the States and forced the South to take up arms in defense
of the rights guaranteed to her by the Constitution. It traces
the progress of the opposing ideals of New England and the
South which led the States dominated by the Puritans again
and again to threaten secession from the Union, to constant
violations of the Constitution, to increasing encroachments on
the rights and interests of the South, to the bitterest hatred
of the South, and that finally culminated in a war of devasta-
tion and ruin of our people. It contains a great mass of
authentic information in compact form and should be in the
hands of all the Daughters of the Confederacy as a vade
mecum for defending our section's course in the struggle for
a separate government. The little book has pictures of the
main leaders in these conflicting ideals of government.
Qopfederat^ l/eterarj.
239
We Are Headquarters
LEVY'S UNIFORMS
For tne coming Reunion you will probably need a new, cor-
rect uniform, for you'll want to appear at your best as a partici-
pator. If your uniform is made by LEVY BROS., of Louisville, you 11 be
clad in a garment that represents the utmost in fabric, ft and tailoring. Ask
Levy's POTOMAC $A £A
GRAY SPECIAL J/.OU
Style as illustrated; finished with regulation U. C. V. buttons. Let us
have your order at once, and we'll have your suit ready for you the minute
you want it. Any necessary alterations will be made on our own premises
by our own skilled tailors, thus avoiding delays.
lis rite for Samptes and
Cataioy of Other Styles
OF BIRMINGHAM 3RD AVE. AT 19TH ST.
VETERANS!
q WHEN YOU COME
TO BIRMINGHAM
MAKE YOUR-
SELVES AT HOME
IN OUR OFFICES
«J ALL WEARERS OF
THE GRAY ARE
WELCOME HERE
J
ENISON
Real Estate and
Insurance Co.
FIRST NATIONAL
BANK BUILDING
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
ffioyal Cup Coffee
ffioyal Cup Uea \
Y
Y
V
Y
I
I
Y
Y
Y
Y
:;:
L
HOME
PROD-
UCTS
BIIIIHIIIII OF THE
BATTERTON
Coffee Company
BIRMINGHAM
ALA.
BUT YOUR
Opring Hats
SUITS and
DRESSES
© ® ©
Burger
Dry Goods
2021-2023 Second Avenue
No.
BIRMINGHAM
ALA.
Miss Jennie Davis, Assistant Librarian
of Cossitt Library, Memphis, Tenn.,
wants the January, February, April,
May, and June numbers of the Confed-
erate Veteran for 1893.
T. B. Childress, of Fayetteville, Ark..
wants to hear from any member of
Company B, 3d Missouri Cavalry, com-
manded first by Colonel Green, then by
Captain Surridge.
T. F. O'Rouke, 550 Charleston Street,
Mobile. Ala., makes inquiry of one
Nathan Herring, who belong-ed to Com-
pany E. 37th Mississippi Volunteer In-
fantry.
240
Qoofederat^ l/eteran.
VERY LOW
Round-Trip Fares
TO
Birmingham
FOR THE
Annual Reunion
UNITED
CONFEDERATE
VETERANS
VIA
Louisville & Nashville
RAILROAD
m
FromST. LOUIS, MO S13.80
LOUISVILLE, KY 8.15
NASHVILLE, TENN 4.40
NEW ORLEANS, LA 7.35
MOBILE, ALA 5.65
MONTGOMERY, ALA 2.25
PENSACOLA, FLA 5.45
JACKSONVILLE, FLA 8.95
Correspondingly Low Fares from Other Points
Tickets on Sale May 13 to 17, inclusive
Good returning until May 23 (subject to
extension to June 14 under certain conditions).
For information or assistance in planning trip to the
Reunion, communicate with local representatives ol the
Louisville & Nashville R. R. or
R. C. WALLIS, Dist. Pass'rAgt NASHVILLE, TENN.
J. H. SETTLE, Dist. Pass'r Agt.. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
C. H. MANN, Dist. Pass'rAgt. PENSACOLA, FLA.
H. C. BRETNEY, Fla. Pass'r Agt. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
G. E. HERRING, Div. Pass'r Agt. ST. LOUIS, MO.
H. C. GERON, Pass'rAgt. MOBILE, ALA.
J. K. RIDGELY, A. G. P. A. R. D. PUSEY, G. P. A.
New Orleans, La. Louisville, Ky.
IMPORTANT TO WIDOWS OF ARMY OFFICERS.
Widows of United States army officers who resigned to
serve the Confederacy and whose husbands participated in any
of the wars with Indians will hear of something greatly to
their advantage by addressing the undersigned.
Perry M. de Leon,
The Toronto, Apartment 45, Washington, D. C.
WHERE FORREST SURRENDERED.
BY MRS. J. M. BR0WNS0X, VICTORIA, TEX.
An effort is being made to mark the place of the surrender
of General Forrest's troops in Gainesville, Ala. The impor-
tance of this is made evident by a recent article in the Bir-
mingham Ledger which speaks of the "surrender of Forrest
at Selma, Ala." B. L. Roberts, of Gainesville, says there are
five veterans living there who can locate the place of sur-
render, and they will be glad to cooperate with the Daughters
of Alabama in placing a suitable marker at the place near the
Public Square of the town. The U. D. C. Chapter at Liv-
ingston, Ala., is asked to take the initiative in this important
movement and ask Mr. B. L. Roberts to act as temporary chair-
man. Any one interested may address him, giving ideas as
to the kind of marker to be used. An old Gainesville "girl"
suggests a bowlder taken from the Tombigbee River and a
bronze tablet attached, the inscription to be decided upon by a
selected committee, the chairman of which shall be the Presi-
dent of the Alabama Division, U. D. C.
Do Others Survive? — In the early morning of March 21,
1864, a train heavily loaded with Confederate prisoners was
laboriously climbing a steep grade east of Johnstown, Pa.
These prisoners were being transferred from Camp Morton,
a Federal prison near Indianapolis, Ind., to Fort Delaware,
a water-girt and supposedly safer prison, near Philadelphia,
with the purpose of dampening their ardor for tunneling out,
a pastime in which many of them had been found exercising
their powers. The boys in gray did not, however, like the
prospect presented by Fort Delaware, and so a number of
them sawed a hole in the side of the box car in which they
were being shipped and took French leave of their guards,
stationed in the two ends of the car, by jumping from the
running train, preferring the snow-covered ground and the
wintry blasts of the Alleghanies, with freedom, to the cold
comfort of Uncle Sam's hospitality at Fort Delaware. At
least nine are known to the writer to have gotten out (there
may have been more), and of these two made their way back
to their Kentucky homes and later returned to the service of
the Confederacy, one under Gen. John H. Morgan and the
other with Bennett H. Young in the St. Alban's raid, andi
these two still survive. This notice is written in the hope that
others who escaped at that time may still survive and that they
and the friends of any who are known to have escaped then,
but who have "passed over the river," may write their experi-
ences in connection with that escape to their undersigned
comrade and may arrange for a meeting at some Confederate
Reunion. A. N. Gordon,
Box 74, Rural Route A, Lakeland, Fla.
Back Volumes of the Veteran.— Patrons of the Vet era*
who can supply the early volumes or even some of the num-
bers are asked to communicate with the Veteran office at
once, stating just what they have for sale, condition, and price.
Qopfederat^ l/efcerai}.
frem AH Cs—o». Hud Hoises and Other E«i
TreSlM Eaaitr sea1 reraiaaenlly RelievrdI
TCosssSeal who wen
former! y deaf, Bowkui
distinctly every sotind —
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired 01
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
that special purpose.
Wilton Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds.
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums,
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is. testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
■ soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousandsof others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf. In Position
Incorporated
LOUISVILLE. KV
■ess — giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO.
SS4 Inl.r-Soulh.rn Blag.
INFORMATION Regarding
GRAVES of CONFEDERATE
PRISON ERS OF WAR
who died in the hands of the Union
forces is requested by the War De-
partment in order that these graves
shall receive national attention.
Please write, giving name of the
soldier or sailor ami burial place, to
Dr. Samnel E. Lewis, Commissioner
Army Medical Library Buildio,
Washington. D. C.
Foster Higti Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping' water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of full and pump 30 feet high
for end. foot.
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Huns automatically and continuously.
Hvery one absolutely ruaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, NashvtHe, Twin.
OFFICIAL U.C.V.
SOCIETY BUTTON
For camp members, their wives
and daughters only. Price, gold, $1; plated,
60 cents each. Address
J. F. SHIPP, Q. M. Gen., U. C. V.
Chattanooga, Tonnesseo
Leslie Armstrong, of San Angclo,
Tex., wants a complete file of the Vet-
eran. Any one who can supply this
will please write to him.
J. D. Gordon, of Mize, Ga., makes in-
quiry for either Lieutenant Fowler or
Buck Athens, both of whom belonged to
his command, Company E, 3d Georgia
Regiment.
X. E. Hamilton, of Uniontown, Ark.,
would like to hear from some surviving
comrade of his father, John Hamilton,
who enlisted under General Dockcry
from Washington County, Ark.
Mack Fletcher, of Memphis, Tex.,
wants to hear from some of his com-
rades who can testify to his service. He
was in Company A, 9th Battalion, North
Carolina Junior Reserves. In Decem-
ber, 1864, this command was at Fort
Fisher. He is trying to secure a pension.
Mrs. Joe Tischmacher, 2210 Laurel
Street, Shreveport, La., wants to com-
municate with some surviving comrade
of her father, E. H. Whitbeck, who
served in the Confederate army, enlist-
ing from Jefferson, Tex. This infor-
mation is sought in the interest of her
mother.
WANTED—
Southern ladies of education and re-
finement to travel as field secretaries for
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical
Circle." Must be energetic and over 25
years old. Excellent opening. Apply
to J. STANDISH CLARK, Business
Manager, 1824 Jefferson Bank Building.
Birmingham, Ala.
J. E. Caldwell, of Fayetteville, Tenn.,
is trying to help Mrs. E. P. Solomon se-
cure a pension and wants to find out the
regiment and company to which her
husband belonged. He went from De
Soto Countv, Miss.
Robert Custar, of Karnes City, Tex.,
wants to hear from some surviving com-
rade. He belonged to the 16th Alabama
Regiment, under Captain Archer. After
the battle of Shiloh he was with Haw-
kins's Battalion of Sharpshooters until
the battle of Chickamauga, where he was
severely wounded.
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest Is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
lo Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. ' Bull Run , and oth-
er lamous battle fields In the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
ol Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department. Chattanooga. Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke. Va.
THE KU-KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
l»n ynii know the story
of the birth of a nation?
vm authen-
tic data shout the Klan
whhh brought it into
being. With inters from
I al-
tractive illustrations.
Biich u tin Mounted
Kn Klux iii I- nil Regalia"
B K K ban-
ner « 1th "tlery-tongued
.nii.irsed
ttfl organiza-
tions, historians. Bd
torn, nmi should bp in
of the « oiin*
try. Price, B5 oenta,
postpaid. Order from the
author. Mrs. S. E. F.
Rose, Wist Point, Miss.
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
Estimates
and Designs
Furnished Upon
Request
BRONZE MEMORIAL AND
105
Merrimac Street
INSCRIPTION TABLETS "ewburypor.
.aeeaaeeaeeeeeeeeseeeeeissessssassasseaeaeisssiwss! Mass.
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
The Liverpool and London and
Globe Insurance Company, Ltd*
STATEMENT OF UNITED STATES BRANCH
January 1, 1916
Total United States Branch Assets . $14,814,383.00
All Liabilities of U. S, Branch . . . 9,972,196.00
SURPLUS U. S. BRANCH . . . 4,841,887.00
All securities, together with cash in banks, are
held in trust especially for the satisfaction of
the Company's Liabilities in the United States
Head Office for the South in Company's Building
Corner Common and Carondekt Streets
NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Facts about
PRINTING
€fl To obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer may be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best— HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING. This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment. €]J We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carry out your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING GO.
Nashville, - - Tenn.
J. P. Cannon, of McKenzie, Tenn.,
wants the address of or a letter from
every survivor of Florence Wesleyan
University, term of 1860-61.
Vic Reinhardt, 301 North Ann Street,
Terrell, Tex., wants to communicate
with some one who has a second-hand
sword for sale.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
illustrated booklet sent on request.
CONFEDERATE
Battle Flags
on Sticks
PRINTED MUSLIN
3 inches long. ..$0.11 doz.
" ... .25 "
" ... .29 "
" ... .68 "
" ... 1.30 "
" ... 1.85 "
Paper Pin Flags... .60 gross
POSTPAID — Special Prices on Larger Quantities
Write to-day for illustrated Catalogue
of Pins, Charms, Novelties, and Gifts.
Bunting and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1327 F SI. N. W., Washington, D. C.
eONFEDERATE VETERAN
U N I FOR M S
Highest Quality Lowest Prices
Tailor-Made to Your Measure
Send [or Catalogue No. 341 and
cloth samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CI N CI N N ATI
THE BEST PLACB
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
of all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds of Military Equipment and
Society Geeds Is at
Joel Flag I Regalia Co, 57 E 96th St
Send lor Price List New York City
Qor)federat<? l/eterai).
Volck's Confederate Etchings. —
New edition preparing. $6. Send for
circular. Any one having any of the
original editions will oblige me by giv-
ing titles, that I may see how many
plates there were. Authorities differ.
William Abbatt,
Tarrytown, N. Y.
T. H. Blacknall, 209 East Forty-
Second Street, Chicago, 111., wishes to
hear from John G. Wallace, who was
sergeant major of Bell's 1st Arkansas
Regiment. He was living in Holly
Springs, Miss., twenty-five years ago
and is a brother-in-law of Col. Van
Manning.
Mrs. Alice Herbert, 600 Bonner Street.
Ruston, La., is trying to get a pension
and wants to bear from some comrade
who can testify to her husband's rec-
ord. O. E. Herbert enlisted September
7, 1861, as a private in Company F, Sib
Texas Cavalry, and later was with Fer-
guson's Scouts. His home was near
Columbia, Tenn.
Mrs. Flora C. Allen, of Idabcl. Okla..
would like to bear from some one who
• knew her husband, David 1.. Allen, who
enlisted at Hamburg, Ark., in the ■ n 1 1
Arkansas Regiment. He was surgeon
in the hospital at Chattanooga for
eighteen months ami helped care for the
wounded at Franklin, Tenn. He
paroled at Raleigh, N. C.
George Hydrick, care G., H. & 11. Rail-
way Company. Galveston, Tex., would
be glad to hear from any comrade oi
Peter Paul Butterfrass, who was pilot
on the gunboat I. aura Hill, which sailed
from Burwick Bay to New Orleans and
was destroyed in battle. Mr. Butter-
frass then enlisted with the Sentilenia
Rifles at Pattersonville, La. His widow
1-. trying to secure apension.
John T. Harris, formerly of Union
City, Tenn.. enlisted in June. 1X02, in
Captain Wilkins's company and served
until August or September, 1863. He
was first engaged in scout service under
General Chalmer. Mr. Harris is now
feeble and in great need, and any one
who remembers him will confer a favor
by communicating with Wallace A. Mo-
Cay, 916 Inter-Southern Building, Louis
ville. Ky.
XX
XX
^tep into th is picture sz>^j>
— -wherever you are, the same
content and the same refreshment
are yours for the ashing in a cool,
delicious glass of
cca'i
Demand the genuine by full name —
nicknames encourage substitution.
THE COCA-COLA CO., ATLANTA. GA.
Send for free booklet." The Romance of Coeo~Cola"
Ewmmmm
I KNABE
I EMERSON
1 STORY & CLARK
I LAKESIDE
1 GILBERT
our line jmmmmm
FISCHER
KIMBALL
MATHUSHEK
CABLE-NELSON
HINZE
LINDEMAN & SONS
PACKARD
LESTER
HAMPTON
PLAYER PIANOS
BY ALL MEANS. SEE OUR S EALS SPECIAL,
PHONK
206
SEALS PIANO COMPANY
Alabama* s Oldest Piano House
BIRMINGHAM. ALA.
2017 1ST
AVE.
H "
a
W. N. Day, of Lone Mountain, Tenn.,
writes that markers are being placed at
Confederate graves at Tazewell, Tenn.,
and wants to know the initials of a
Lieutenant Vaughn, who was buried
there. He belonged to a Middle Ten-
1 regiment.
Robert D. Wilson, of Manchester,
Tenn.. asks that no one else write him
in reference to his relics and old copies
of the Veteran, as his inquiry brought
him enough correspondence to keep him
busy for a long time. He closes with :
Who said the Veteran was not read?"
Qoi)federat^ l/eterap.
□ D
Wn Southern Yellow Pine
JND
"The Wood of Service "
The South's Own Building Material
MEETS EVERY REQUIREMENT OF STRENGTH
DURABILITY, AND BEAUTY
KAUL
Manufactured by I UMBER F°r Those Who Care
BIRMINGHAM-ALA-
^^iH-if^fMf>u^^-^fMifmf^^n^ in « ii n i i » m i i hi iiiii i » n ,$
J*orct Studebaker Accessories
In addition to handling the Ford and Studebaker automobiles, we have
recently established an accessory business, both wholesale and retail.
We carry the most complete stock of accessories and supplies in the State
— and the stock is all new goods — we haven't any old junk in the place.
We are especially equipped for the proper handling of business from au-
tomobile dealers, anc' c-^licit such business. Our goods are right — our
shipments prompt — our \Jt y q,J, policy right — and as for prices —
JUST TRY US AND SEE A* ,6
1 BROWKfELL AUTO COMPANY, Inc. I
■ 321-23-25 SOUTH 20TH ST. BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA ■
BRIG. GEN. GEORGE P. HARRISON. OF ALABAMA
Newly Elected Commander in Chief United Confederate Veterans
^__^
242
(^oi)federat^ l/eterap.
Facts about
PRINTING
•H To obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer may be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best — HIGH-CLASS
PRINTING. This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment. ^ We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carryout your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING GO.
Nashville, - - Tenn.
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
JSZX&* BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merrln!a0c5s,reet
Furnished Upon INSCRIPTION TABLETS Newburyport
Request ^^^^^^^^^agaHB Mass.
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. Page.
To Keep Old Memories Green (poem). By Hugh G. Barclay 243
Patriotic Resolutions at Birmingham Reunion — Message to President Wilson —
First Order of New Commander in Chief 243
The Gray Line (poem). By Calvin Stoddard Crovvder 244
The Reunion in Birmingham 244
Jefferson Davis — Patriot, Gentleman, Christian. By James H. McNeilly 248
Truth of the Hampton Roads Conference 249
Me and Mammy (poem). By Howard Weeden 256
Lieut. Gen. John B. Hood. By Capt. J. T. Hunter 257
Capture of Fort at New Creek. By R. G. Bourne 259
Facts and Fancies. By John C. Stiles 260
Was It Murder (poem) ? By Flora E. Stevens 262
This Reunited Country. By W. E. Doyle 264
Old Jerry. By Annie Laurie Sharkey 265
My Georgia (poem). Bv Willie Hubert Estabrook 266
Truth Is Mighty. By Richard D. Steuart 266
A Boy Soldier of Alabama, Dr. John A. Wyeth 267
A Noble Woman of the South 283
Confederate Memorial Day (poem). By George E. Tack 283
Departments : Last Roll 268
Lfnited Daughters of the Confederacy 276
Confederated Southern Memorial Association 282
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. I Bull Run >, and oth-
er lamous battle fields In the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
ol Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL, Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
Miss Mary Fortner, 514 West Third
Street, Little Rock, Ark., wants to cor-
respond with comrades of her father,
Charles D. Fortner, who volunteered
under Capt. Joe or Jessie Glenn, of
Dalton, Ga. He surrendered with Pem-
berton at Vicksburg, and she thinks he
was in the S2d Georgia Regiment.
Judge Robert Crenshaw, of Cadiz,
Ky., wants to secure the record of Dr.
John Leland Grace in order that his
wife may get a pension. Dr. Grace was
a son of Preston Grace, born in Ken-
tucky, graduated at a medical college in
Louisville, went to Pine Bluff, Ark., in
1861, and enlisted at Little Rock as a
private in a battery; was afterwards
transferred to the medical department.
Mrs. Mary V. Hunt, care Magnolia
House, Live Oak, Fla., would like to
hear from some surviving comrade of
her husband, Albert R. Hunt, who was
a member of the Savannah Cadets,
Company F, 54th Georgia Regiment.
He was at the home of Mr. John Hoge,
in Macon, Ga., when that city was cap-
tured, in April, 1865. Any one remem-
bering his being in Macon will please
write to her. Among other soldiers,
there were Henry Cook, Lafayette and
Virgil Hunt, of Kentucky, and Captain
and Sergeant Smith, of Tennessee.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter,
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should be made to the CONFEDERATE Vin r w,
and all communications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn*
OFF1CIALLT REPRESENTS ;
United Confederate Veterans,
United DAUGHTERS OF the CONFEDERACY,
Sons of Vi . Other Organism
Confederated Southern Memorial Asso. iatiow.
Thouph men deserve, thev may not win, buco ss :
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
Prk-e. $1.00 per Year. {
Single Copy, 10 Cents, f
Vol. XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN., JUXE, 1916.
Xo. 6.
* S. A. CI NNINGHAM,
t Founder.
TO KEEP OLD MEMORIES GREEX.
Meeting of United Confederate Veterans at Birmingham
May 16, 1916.
(Affectionately inscribed to Gen. Bennett H. Young.)
BY HUGH G. BARCLAY.
These grizzled, war-worn veterans, in conclave met to-day.
Recall once more the tragic tale of war-time's tragic fray.
They come from every Southern State, once more to meet
and dream
And tell about the vanished hopes that stemmed Fate's turgid
stream.
Each passing year has thinned their ranks till few now answer
roll;
On Fame's eternal camping ground rests many a veteran soul
Who went to join that myriad band of heroes battle-slain,
And many wdio clasp hands to-day will not come back again.
And yet, while few are left to greet old comrades with a
smile,
They'll group around the old camp fires and talk old times
awhile
To keep alive and fresh and green the memories of the past —
Mem'ries to thrill all Southern hearts as long as life shall last.
May God, who Imcs the patriot, make all your lives serene
And bring each back another year to keep old mem'ries green!
I'll RK ' I /C ACTION BY COXFEDERATE VETERAK S.
One of the most stirring features of the convention occurred
during the first session on Tuesday morning, May 16, when
our United Confederate Veterans reaffirmed their loyalty to
the government of the United States in a resolution intro-
duced by Gen. W. C. Hooper, Commander of the Alabama
Division, Army of Tennessee Department, U. C. V., and the
motion was passed that it be wired to President Wilson. The
resolution was as follows :
"To the President and Congress of the United States: We,
the United Confederate Veterans in Reunion assembled at
Birmingham, Ala., this the 16th day of May. 1916, do hereby
again renew and declare our unfaltering allegiance to the
government of the United States in this its hour of great in-
ternational difficulties.
"We took up arms against the government, not as rebels,
but to protect our homes and fircsi and main-
tain the principle of States' rights; and although the arbitra-
ment of arms was against us. we lost neither our courage,
our manhood, nor our patriotism.
"To-day the remnant of the armies of the Confederate States
of America does hereby offer itself, its sons, and its property
upon the altar of a reunited country which wc love and seek
to serve, protect, and defend.
"\\ e recommend that every male citizen over sixteen years
of age residing in the United States and its territories be re-
quired to report immediately to the probate judge of his
county or other like officer under penalty of the law andl
there swear allegiance to this government, pledging him loy-
ally to support the government against any and all foes,,
whether internal or foreign, that may attempt to hinder or
destroy the rights, property, or liberty of its people."
MESSAGE TO PRESIDENT WILSi
Birmingham, May 18. 1916.
To the President: The United Confederate Veterans in an-
nual convention by unanimous vote wish to commend and in-
dorse your conduct in keeping our country so far in honor-
able peace. At the same time they pledge you their cordial
support to maintain at all times the dignity and honor of our
government. Bennett H. Young,
Commander in Chief;
William E. Mickle,
iiiant General.
' FIRST ORDER OF NEW COMMAXDER.
Headquarters United Confederate Veterans,
Birmingham, Ala., May 18, 1916.
General Orders Xo. I.
1. In compliance with the wish of my Confederate com-
rades as expressed in convention on yesterday, the under-
signed hereby assumes command of this Association, relying
on the loyal support of his beloved associates, and. trusting in
the mercy and goodness of God, he hopes to continue the
prosperity and usefulness of the order.
2. Comrade William E. Mickle will continue as Adjutant
General and Chief of Staff, with the rank of Major General.
George P. Harrison, General Command
244
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
THE GRAY LIXE.
BY CALVIN STODDARD CROWDER.
A strong gray line — we saw them come.
Marching toward the rising sun ;
Music of fife and music of drum
And the sound of booming gun :
A strong gray line, a long gray line
To fight for right and home.
A brave gray line — we watch them go
With faces toward the setting sun ;
And though their feet more faltering grow,
We love them every one.
This brave gray line, this grave gray line
Still fights for right and home.
THE REUNION IN BIRMINGHAM.
"We have had a great time in a great city" seemed to be
the general feeling of the veterans and other visitors to Bir-
mingham during the twenty-sixth annual convention of the
U. C. V. The city was a riot of color in its lavish decora-
tions, the people were cordial and hospitable, and the many
social features in honor of the Reunion guests were evi-
dence of a special desire to make Birmingham's third enter-
tainment of the Confederate Veterans equal, if not surpass,
any previous entertainment. That it was a success may be
assumed by the general expression of satisfaction and appre-
ciation.
The Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention.
The convention opened on Tuesday morning, May 16, and
during the assembling of delegates Memoli's Band gave a
selection of Southern airs. This band was highly compli-
mented for its music during the convention, the selections
being especially appropriate for the different occasions, and
its leadership was inspiring.
After the convention was called to order, the invocation
was given by the beloved Chaplain General, Dr. J. W. Bach-
man, of Chattanooga, Tenn. Then came the welcome ad-
dresses— by Gen. John G. Smith, for the Confederate vet-
erans of Birmingham; Hon. George B. Ward, President of
the City Commission, for the city of Birmingham; M. W.
Bush, President, for the Chamber of Commerce ; J. A. Roun-
tree, for the Sons of Veterans of Birmingham ; Mrs. Chap-
pell Cory, for the U. D. C. of Birmingham ; Gov. Charles
Henderson, for the State of Alabama ; and by Gen. George
P. Harrison, for the Confederate veterans of Alabama. In
concluding his address General Harrison said :
"Our doors and arms and hearts are wide open to-day to
receive with sincere welcome the guests who have honored
us with their presence, the bravest of brave heroes, the
•noblest of gallant men, the assembled Confederate veterans.
"To the Sons of Confederate Veterans, upon whose shoul-
ders our mantles are soon to fall and unto whom we shall
bequeath as a rich legacy the perpetuation of the names and
the deeds of their fathers, I say welcome, twice welcome.
"And to the Daughters of the Confederacy, who are the
brightest jewels in Dixie's crown of glory, noble women of
the South, the fairest, the loveliest, the best of all the world,
" 'Whose hearts are on their lips and souls within their eyes,
Soft as their clime, as smiling as their skies' —
to you I say welcome, thrice welcome."
In his response Commander in Chief Bennett H. Young
paid a glowing tribute to the State of Alabama, in which he
said:
"The Alabama Confederate soldier made history and a rec-
ord for heroism and valor that is unsurpassed. These may
have been equaled, but never excelled, and their State has
made the richest contributions to the splendor and glory of
Confederate fame. I might call the names of the greatest
battles of one of the greatest wars, and there were few con-
flicts in which Alabama did not have representatives.
"We are here in the mother State of the Confederacy.
In Alabama our nation was organized and its executive of-
ficers first appointed and qualified. The city of Montgomery
is sacred ground to Confederate hearts, and we love and
cherish every incident connected with the beginning of the
life of the Confederacy.
"It is not necessary that I should make any lengthened ad-
dress. The people of Alabama love all Confederates, and all
Confederates love the people of Alabama. I voice the feeling
of those who have come to be your guests in saying that
we appreciate what you have done, for the splendid provisions
you have made for our comfort and entertainment, and, be-
yond all, for the beautiful expression, both in words and
acts, of the estimation you have so generously and kindly put
upon our manhood, courage, and valor as soldiers and of our
lives as citizens."
Following these addresses came the announcement of the
Committees on Credentials and Resolutions and the report
of the Battle Abbey Committee, which shows that this Con-
federate memorial institute is about complete. The memorial
room will be decorated with mural painting illustrative of
the different arms of military service. The artist engaged
for this work was called to the colors in France before it
was completed, and it awaits his "return from the front," if
ever. Some very valuable collections of books have been
donated to the library, of which special mention will be made
later.
At the afternoon session Judge John T. Goolrick, of Fred-
ericksburg, Va., gave his fine address on "The Confederate
Soldier." After the convention adjourned, the veterans gath-
ered in Capitol Park about the Confederate monument for an
informal get-together meeting, with music by the consolidated
bands. This feature of the Reunion was especially enjoyable,
with its slogan of, "Comrade, shake hands!" and a general ex-
change of pleasantries which broke down any barriers of
formality. No better opportunity could have been given for
veterans to meet and greet one another and swap stories of
war service.
The famous Orphan Brigade, of Kentucky, was encamped
in Capitol Park, under command of Gen. W. B. Haldeman.
of Louisville, who brought the remnant of the old brigade
there at his own expense and entertained them as his guests.
. At the evening session General Young was presented by
the United Daughters of the Confederacy with a handsome
gavel.
The first business of the morning session of Wednesday
was the committee reports, following which miscellaneous
business was taken up. This was suspended to receive a
deputation from the Sons of Veterans, then in session also,
and they were invited to come before the convention. Upon
arrival Commander Brandon and Adjutant in Chief Forrest
were invited upon the platform and made short talks. A
resolution was later introduced proposing the merging of
the two organizations, which was referred to a committee
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
^45
to be composed of the Commander in Chief U. C. V., with
the Commanders of the Departments of the Army of North-
ern Virginia, Army of Tennessee, and Trans-Mississippi,
similar appointments on the committee to be made by the
Sons. This committee will consider the proposition and
make its report to the convention in 1917.
Memorial services were held during the noon hour under
the joint auspices of the U. C. V. and C. S. M. A., in honor
of those members of both organizations who have passed
away since the last Reunion.
The afternoon session of Wednesday promised to be of
most general interest, the election of officers and the selec-
tion of the next place of meeting being the special features.
The Committee on Resolutions not being ready with their
report when it w:as in order, General Young announced that
the election of officers would be taken up and stated that
under no consideration would he stand for reelection, nor
would he accept the office again if chosen to succeed himself.
At the conclusion of his speech he was presented with a
handsome flag by Mrs. Virginia Frazcr Boyle, Poet I aureate
of the Association, who said: "In these days of uncertainty,
when the question is asked. 'Where will we find the purest
patriotism?' the answer comes ringing hack, in the hearts
of the Confederate soldiers.' When the question is asked.
'Where will we find the purest Americanism?* the answer
comes ringing back, in the hearts of the sons of Confederate
soldiers.' It is not that we love the Stars and Stripes less,
but that we love the Stars and Bars more. It is because this
flag has led into battle Forrest and Jackson and Scmmes.
li is because this flag led Morgan into battle. Our Com-
mander in Chief has been a follower of Morgan, and 50 we
present him with the flag that Morgan carried."
In a short speech Gen. W. C. Hooper, of \labama, then
expressed regret that General Young would not stand for
Commander in Chief and moved that he be named Honorary
Commander in Chief for life. The motion was carried by
acclamation.
The Committee on Resolutions being ready for a hearing,
its report was called for. Some important resolutions sub-
mitted had been referred to the History Committee, and of
those brought before the convention a number were found
to have been provided for in the constitution of the organiza-
tion. A resolution adopted provided for the amendment of
the by-laws so as to make a separate Division of the District
of Columbia, and this made possible the selection of Washing-
ton as the next convention city.
The following resolution, offered to the convention at this
afternoon session of May 17 by Rev. R. Lin Cave, a promi-
nent veteran of Tennessee, had general approval in its adop-
tion:
"Whereas statements that we are glad we were defeated
in the War between the States tend to make the impression
that we are sorry for what we did and the cause for which we
fought wrong and unjust; therefore be it
"Resolved, That we regret such statements and deny, so
far as we are concerned, that they are true and wish most
cordially we had been successful. We say this in no feeling
of bitterness and with no spirit of disloyalty, but simply to
protect ourselves from misrepresentation, and remain true
to our honest convictions, as having done our duty, what to
us was right then and right now."
The report of the Jefferson Davis Memorial Home showed
the organization without a debt, with money in the bank and
the building and grounds almost completed.
The New Commander in Chief.
Nominations for Commander in Chief were then called for,
and the name of Gen. George P. Harrison, of Alabama, was
presented by Dr. Deering J. Roberts, of Nashville, Tenn.,
promptly seconded, and the election carried by a rising vote.
General Harrison accepted the honor with emotion, saying:
"You have done me a great honor. I am not worthy of it,
but as a soldier of the Confederacy I shall attempt to become
worthy of the great trust you have placed in me. And now
I want the Chaplain to pray that I might be deserving of this
honor."
Our new Commander in Chief is one - > surviving
generals of the Confederate army. He and his father both
enlisted at the beginning of the war, and both rose to the
rank of brigadier general, the son at the age of tv
< ars. and he was doubtless the youngest general of
the Confederate army. General Harrison is a lineal de-
scendant of Benjann rginia, was born in
ia in 1841, and became an Alabamian after the war.
A full sketch of General Harrison appeared in the VETERAN
for February, page 5;.
Department Commanders were elected as follows: Army
n Northern Virginia, J. Thompson Brown; Army of Ten-
John F. Hickman; Trans-Mississippi Department. K.
M YanZandt.
The Reunion ClTV in 1917.
"On to Washington!" is the slogan for [917. Fifty years
ago it had a deeper significance in its high challenge to the
prowess of Southern arms. Now it means that the men of
ilu Southern Confederacy will be welcome guests in the place
of their fathers, those men who had a noble part in the build-
ing of the nation, and it is but a coming into their own again.
May it make stronger the tie which binds the hearts of all
!in. Americans in patriotic devotion to the land of Washing-
ton and Lee !
Col. Hilary A. Herbert, one of Alabama's grand old men.
went to Birmingham as the official representative of the
capital city to invite the veterans there in 1917. He was Sec-
of War in Cleveland's Cabinet and is still a resident
1 if Washington.
Memphis, Tenn., and Tulsa, Okla.. were also active candi-
date- for the honor of entertaining the Veterans in 1917, and
they presented their invitations most attractively: but the al-
lurements of the capital city of our country were more com-
pelling, and so it is "On to Washington!"
The Parade.
Though the skies were gray and a chill wind was blowing, the
streets of Birmingham were crowded long before the time for
the grand parade, and long after the time the crowd was still
waiting; but patience was rewarded at last by a moving specta-
cle of great magnitude, doubtless the largest parade of any
Reunion yet. Every State of the Confederacy was repre-
sented, also the District of Columbia and the States of Ohio,
Washington, California, and Oklahoma. The parade of
sponsors, etc., planned for the previous day, w^as held over
to make a part of the veterans' parade, and the long line was
difficult to move. A just criticism might be made that it
was more of everything else than a parade of Confederate
veterans, who were such a small part of it as to be over-
shadowed. Sponsors and maids and other official women,
local organizations, school children (several thousand), brass
bands, and the young military made the larger part of it.
246
C^oi>federat^ l/eterai).
It was a wonderful moving scene, this line of some twenty-
five thousand people, whose passage of any point was said to
require two hours and thirty-three minutes. A unique fea-
ture was a group of Ku-Klux in costume. The report is that
this mysterious organization is to be revived and that there
will be a large representation of the Klan in Washington next
year. As one of the staff of Chief Marshal McCrossin, in
command of the Alabama National Guard, was Henry B.
Walthall, so highly appreciated as the "Little Colonel" in
"The Birth of a Nation." He was kept busy responding to
the greetings from all sides.
Some of the most noted of the military organizations of
the South were in line — the Richmond Grays, the Richmond
Blues, the Montgomery Light Blues, etc. Forrest's Cavalry
Corps, a troop of Tennessee veterans with fixed bayonets,
several uniformed companies of Nashville and Memphis,
Tenn., the R. E. Lee Camp of Veterans, the Confederate
Grays of Texas, and other organized commands were among
the veterans in line.
We must have a real veterans' parade down Pennsylvania
Avenue in Washington next year — something distinctive. A
deeper impression will be made by having the veteran line
intact.
People of Note.
Mrs. Julia Jackson Christian Preston, of Charlotte, N. C,
granddaughter of Stonewall Jackson, was presented to the
convention at the afternoon session of Wednesday and was
enthusiastically received. At the same time the sponsor for
the South, Miss Gladys Kernan, of New Orleans, a grand-
daughter of Gen. A. B. Booth, commanding the Louisiana
Division, was also presented and made a graceful little speech
in expressing her appreciation of the honor she had received
in representing the United Confederate Veterans.
Among the distinguished guests of this Reunion were sev-
eral of Alabama's own. Gen. Thomas T. Munford, a striking
figure upon the platform, though a native of Virginia, has
made his home in Alabama since the war. After his intro-
duction to the convention, he made a little talk in tribute to
his old commander, Gen. James Longstreet. Especially nota-
ble was the presence of Mrs. E. S. Bryan, of Memphis. Tenn..
daughter of Admiral Semmes, whose fame as the greatest of
our naval commanders reflects glory upon the State of Ala-
bama. Though a Tennesseean since her marriage, "My heart
is still in Alabama," said Mrs. Bryan.
Three sons of the great Yancey were also present at this
Reunion in Birmingham. All of them were Confederate sol-
diers with fine records, and two of them bear the scars of
wounds received in desperate battles. Capt. W. E. Yancey,
a resident of Birmingham for thirty-five years, is the senior
of the brothers and now seventy-two years of age ; Capt. D.
H. Yancey, of Tampa, Fla., in which State he has lived since
1883, is seventy-one years old; while G. H. Yancey, the baby
of the family, who enlisted at the age of fifteen, is now sixty-
eight. He has been a resident of Atlanta for a quarter of a
century.
A prominent guest at this Reunion was Col. George C.
Denison, of Toronto, Canada, who received an ovation at
the convention when he was presented by General Young
as the man who had befriended him when a prisoner in
Canada after the famous St. Albans raid. The band played
"God Save the King," and it brought appreciative smiles
from Colonel Denison. General Young told how, "during the
war. many people were exiled or escaped from Northern,
prisons. To all these Colonel Denison was a friend and
helper. He entertained Jefferson Davis after his release from
Fortress Monroe when he visited Canada to recuperate. He
was a guest in Colonel Denison's home, and his gratitude was
so great that he insisted on Colonel Denison's paying him a
visit at Beauvoir. Later he visited Gen. Robert E. Lee at
Lexington. Va. Colonel Denison is the author of many
books. His history of cavalry and his 'Modern Cavalry' take
high rank in military publications. The government of Rus-
sia paid him five thousand rubles for the use of his cavalry
book. For forty years he has been a judge of the criminal
court in Toronto; but as he served in the Canadian militia,
he insists on his military title. The Southern people have
given Colonel Denison. a reception that he deserved, and he
goes home with a heart full of grateful memories of the
men and women of the Southland and great big ideas of the
splendor and hospitality of Birmingham."
Colonel Denison made a happy response, in which he re-
ferred to the veterans as his comrades, spoke of them as the
grandest army that ever lived, and expressed his everlasting
gratitude at being able to speak to a body which he held in
such reverence.
Another welcome visitor from Toronto was Thomas Hun-
ter, who was there to meet old comrades of the gray. The
cross of honor upon his breast proclaimed him a true vet-
eran of the Confederacy. Mr. Hunter told most interestingly
of coming to the South as a very young man just before the
war and how he enlisted with a Mississippi command and
served as a soldier of the South until captured and put in
prison. He went back to Canada and became one of the best
citizens of Toronto, whose handsome City Hall is a monu-
ment to his skill.
Entertainments.
Auto rides, receptions, luncheons, balls, concerts, and fire-
works were on the list of entertainments for Reunion visitors,
with a sham battle Thursday afternoon as a grand finale.
This battle came off between the Confederate Grays, veterans
of Dallas and Fort Worth, Tex., under command of Col. Vic
Reinhardt and Capts. L. F. Perkins, George B. Holland, and
T. D. Greathouse, and the Alabama National Guard, com-
manded by Maj. Carl H. Seals, with Companies B, C, D, and
K. A big audience witnessed this "scrap" at the Fair Grounds,
their sympathies largely with the veteran command, which
was wildly cheered when the National Guard was forced to
surrender. These veterans of the gray are determined to
capture Washington in 1917.
The Veteran Camp.
More than four thousand veterans were entertained by the
city of Birmingham at the Fair Grounds Camp, which was
under the special supervision of Mrs. John B. Reid. with able
assistants. The veterans were not only supplied with com-
fortable lodgings and three meals a day. but they had spe-
cial entertainment provided and were supplied with street
car tickets, so they might go into town whenever they wished.
The mess tables had a seating capacity of fifteen hundred,
and the menu was well selected and carefully prepared. One
breakfast of bacon and eggs, Irish potatoes, hot rolls, and
coffee required fifteen cases of eggs, fifty pounds of bacon,
eight hundred gallons of coffee, and approximately eight
thousand rolls. At other meals beef roast and other meats
were served and hot corn bread.
Only about twenty of these veterans of the several thou-
sand entertained needed any medical attention during their
stay in Birmingham.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
247
The Boy Scouts at Birmingham.
An account of the Birmingham Reunion would not be com-
plete without special reference to the work of the Boy Scouts.
These splendid young fellows, little and big, were spirits of
helpfulness all the while. It was inspiring to see them give
of their young strength to the feebleness of age, to feel their
anxious care of the veterans, to watch their eagerness to ren-
der service ; and it must have been an inspiration to them to
have this responsibility for the men they have revered as the
defenders of their country. That the veterans appreciated
these attentions was manifest, and their eager questions and
comments were enjoyed by the manly young caretakers.
The value of this organization of Boy Scouts will be all
the more realized some years from now in the splendid citizen-
ship secured through such training in the fine qualities of
manhood. Every mother should encourage her boy to be-
come a member and thus secure the benefit of this training.
They made a wonderful impression upon the veterans, these
Boy Scouts of Birmingham, voiced in the expression of one
old soldier: "They show all the fine qualities that go to make
a real man — unselfishness, gentleness, helpfulness, devotion.
energy, and efficiency, Young soldiers — a splendid army
which, God grant, may never face a cannon."
Irvin Cobb. Sox of a Confederate.
The feature of the evening session of Tuesday was the Re-
union address by Irvin Cobb, of Kentucky, the famous war
correspondent and leading humorist of America, who is the son
of a Confederate soldier as well as otherwise largely connected
with the veteran soldiery of the South. As he walked out
upon the stage the audience rose as one man and cheered, and
following his introduction by General Young the band softly
played "My Old Kentucky Home," while the sweet voices of
sponsors and maids took up the strain. At the conclusion of
his speech the band played "Dixie" amidst thunderous ap-
plause and the high notes of the Rebel yell, which proclaimed
the thorough appreciation of that patriotic audience Mr.
Cobb's address had the touch of humor for which he is noted.
but more largely was the strain of pathos, and his references
to the veterans of the Confederal J made each one present t , I
that he was being referred to individually. A part of his ad-
dress is here given :
"I do not remember the Confederate soldier with the gleam
of battle in his eye. I have known him as a man of peace,
and to my mind the typical picture of the Southern soldier is
not a man in soldier straps. I picture him as he is pictured
as the central character in a little story I shall now rel
"After the war this man returned to his home in a little
country town and began the practice of medicine. Because
of his unkempt and meager condition, the well-to-do's had
small need of his services. But the needy knew and loved
him because they realized that behind the gnarled hands that
fought throughout the war was ability, and that beneath the
tousled and twisted head was a skilled brain.
"This doctor, being of small means, could not afford a nice
office; so he fixed himself up a little musty stand over a
stable, and down below he placed a board on the old hitching
post, reading, 'Dr. Brown, upstairs.' But one morning his
comrades looked for him in vain. They sought him in his of-
fice, and they found that the wrinkled hands had ceased to
pick the coverlet, and the head was at rest on the pillow.
"Those wdio loved him were not wealthy people, but they
buried him with honor and searched for funds to build a
monument to him. The funds were not to be found among
them, however. And then one of them had an inspiration. It
was to take the old hitching post from the front of the stable
and put it over the grave. This was done, and until the rain
obliterated and the sun drew away the letters the monument
stood there, reading. 'Dr. Brown, upstairs." And that is the
way I think of every Confederate soldier who has gone be-
fore. They're all upstairs.
"And I want to tell you that you were not fighting for a
lost cause. When you bared your breasts and marched brave-
ly to war to fight triple and sometimes quadruple your num-
ber, were you fighting for 'a lost cause'? When you accepted
the conditions forced upon you by the might of numbers and
returned to your homes, salted by the bones of your fore-
fathers and sanctified by the tears of your women, to build
upon the charred embers a new South, were you nghtii
'a lost cause'?
"And when up yonder, where the Southern Cross blazes,
when the Confederate army files through the alabaster gates,
past the Commander in Chief of mankind, your heads held
high and bodies erect, as you marched years ago. do you think
that as long as the record of the things you did. the things
you achieved, the things you endured, and the things you con-
quered stand burned in everlasting fire on the judgment book
the Supreme Arbiter of all earthly affairs is going t
yours down as a cause that is lost, or will he write it down as
a cause that won? * * *
"The present war in Europe brought home to me what I
know must have happened in our own war. When I saw that
great German army. I thought of another army which for
four years, outnumbered and outflanked, but never, thank
(Continued on pafft
.l/l' FLAGS.
BY MAJ. T. H. BLACKNALL.
One I have sworn to defend and obey :
The other is the winding sheet of the gray.
Though the Stars and Stripes waves over land ami sea,
I will forever love the banner I followed under Lee.
Should trouble come, under the Stars and Stripes I'd take
my stand.
With the Stars and Bars embalmed in the heart of Dixie Land.
?48
^oi}federat<£ l/eteraij.
JEFFERSON DAVIS: GENTLEMAN, PATRIOT,
CHRISTIAN.
BY JAMES H. MNEU.LY, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN.
The 3d of June, the anniversary of the birth of Jefferson
Davis, has been designated by ten Southern States as a Me-
morial Day to honor the memory of the only President of the
Confederate States of America. It would seem a fitting occa-
sion to recall some of the characteristics of the man who was
the chosen leader of his people in the crisis of their destiny,
who represented thoroughly their spirit and their traditions,
who was a true type of the old-time Southerner, and who as
man and Christian is worthy of the admiration and the imita-
tion of the young men of the South.
And this is the more needful because throughout the North
his name was held up to scorn and hatred as a traitor
to his country and a fiend in his personal character; while at
the South there has been too often a disposition to criticize
or to apologize for him because of his failure to win success
against the combined hosts of the world arrayed against his
country.
It is true that the patience with which he endured the in-
dignities heaped upon him in prison and the quiet dignity with
which he bore himself in defeat at length seemed to shame
the pitiful littleness and the malignant meanness of those in
authority and caused a revulsion of feeling among his enemies,
while it bound the hearts of his own people to him as he suf-
fered for them.
Yet there is in the histories of the war a tendency to depre-
ciate his character and ability and to attribute to him the
baser motives for his cause.
The youth of our country should be taught that Mr. Davis
stood in the front rank of the great men of his day ; a man
of splendid ability, a Senator who as orator and statesman
was devoted to the highest interests of the republic, who was
one of the greatest War Secretaries of the country ; a man of
unstained integrity and of the purest personal character. Add
to all of these things that he was a devout and humble Chris-
tian. His record as citizen, soldier, Senator is without a
stain. As a gentleman he was noted for his courtesy and
kindliness, with that courage and high sense of honor "that
felt a stain as a wound." When by the order of the Secretary
of War iron shackles were placed on the wasted limbs of the
sick and helpless old man, he resisted the indignity, hoping to
be killed rather than submit to a humiliation intended not
only for him. but for his people. As a patriot his devotion to
his country and her rights and interests was without the stain
of selfishness. He had as a soldier exposed his life in her
defense ; as a Secretary of War he had thought and planned
wisely for her protection ; as a Senator he had pleaded most
earnestly for the faithful observance of her Constitution ; as
President of the Confederacy he sought to perpetuate that
form of government handed down from the fathers of the
republic. It was my privilege during the last three months of
the war to be thrown with the Hon. Joseph E. Davis, the
older brother of the President, and the President wrote to
this brother nearly every week. The old gentleman allowed
me to read these letters, which breathed the most ardent, self-
sacrificing devotion to the cause of the South.
As a Christian Mr. Davis was a constant and diligent reader
and student of the Holy Scriptures and an open confessor of
Jesus Christ as his personal Saviour. The testimony of min-
isters of the gospel who saw much of him was clear and
strong as to the reality of his faith.
Let me close this with a quotation from Dr. Craven, who
was Mr. Davis's physician in the first months of his captivity
at Fortress Monroe. In his book, "Prison Life of Jefferson
Davis," after telling of Mr. Davis's familiarity with the Bible,
he adds : "There were moments while speaking on religious
subjects in which Mr. Davis impressed me more than any pro-
fessor of Christianity I ever heard. There was a vital earnest-
ness in his discourse, a clear, almost passionate grasp in his
faith, and the thought would frequently recur that a belief
capable of consoling such sorrows as his possessed a reality,
a substance which no sophistry of the infidel could discredit."
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
It is worthy of remark that Dr. Craven began his ministra-
tions to Mr. Davis with all the bitter prejudice of the North
against him ; but as he saw more and more of his distinguished
patient, he bore constant testimony to his remarkable men-
tal powers, to the purity of his character, and to the reality
of his religion. The result of the friendly interest of Dr.
Craven was his being relieved from duty as Mr. Davis's phy-
sician.
Jefferson Davis. — We must be content with saying that,
while he has been denounced by Union writers and made a
"scapegoat" by certain Confederates, there can be little doubt
that he discharged the duties of the office with ripe experi-
ence, rare ability, patriotic devotion, and even with wonder-
ful success when one considers the "overwhelming numbers
and resources" which opposed him. — Rev. J. William Jones.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
249
THE TRUTH OF THE HAMPTON ROADS
CONFERENCE.
One of the most important resolutions offered to the con-
vention of United Confederate Veterans at Birmingham
May 16-18, 1916, and referred to the History Committee, was
the following :
"Certain statements concerning the peace conference held
at Hampton Roads on February 3, 1865, between President
Lincoln and Secretary William H. Seward, for the North,
and Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President C. S. A., R.
M. T. Hunter, and Judge John A. Campbell, commissioners
for the Confederate government, which have appeared in the
pre-- of the country from time to time and particularly in
the Courier-Journal of late, have been so unjust in their re-
flection upon the integrity of Hon. Jefferson Davis, then
President of the Southern Confederacy, and the commis-
sioners appointed by him to represent the Confederate gov-
ernment, it is deemed fitting that this convention of United
Confederate Veterans take action in the following:
"Whereas in the editorial columns of the Courier-Journal,
published in Louisville, Ky.. the Hon. Henry Watterson has
lately made some offensive comparisons between the South-
ern Confederacy and the Germany of to-day, in which he
expressed the sentiment that 'the Southern States had no
more reason to fight for their rights in the territories than
Germany has to fight for a place in the sun' ; and whereas
Mr. Watterson repeats the old story that in the peace con-
ference held at Hampton Roads, Va., on February 3, 1865,
President Lincoln made such a proposition to Hon. Alexander
Stephens, head of the commission for the Confederate gov-
ernment, as, Let me write "Union" at the top of this page, and
you may write below it whatever else you please,' and, further-
more, that he offered to pay the Southern people the sum
of $400,000,000 for their slaves if they would lay down their
arms and return to the Union ; therefore be it
"Resolved by the United Confederate Veterans in conven-
tion assembled. That they condemn such statements as utterly
false and inconsistent with the reports made by representatives
of both sections in this peace conference and with Mr. Lin-
coln's message to Congress in December, 1864, to which he
stated he would adhere; that they are unjust to the memory
of President Davis and the Southern members of the peace
conference, all men of the highest honor, and not only a
reflection upon their integrity, but upon the whole South,
since no such offers appear in the official reports of that fa-
mous peace conference ; and such statements as made by Mr.
Watterson in the Courier-Journal are denounced as utterly
untrue in themselves and unworthy of the men to whom was
intrusted the honor of treating for peace between the North
and the South ; that unconditional surrender was the only basis
upon which President Lincoln would consider any peace pro-
posals, with no assurance as to the treatment that would be
accorded the Southern States on returning to the Union other
than that they might expect their rights to be respected as
were those of the States of other sections.
"Resolved, further. That the press of our country be asked
to take particular notice of this action by the United Con-
federate Veterans in convention in the city of Birmingham,
Ala., May 16-18, in justice to the memory of the men who
gave of their best to the cause of the South, 1861-65, and
that future references to that peace conference at Hampton
Roads. Va., be based upon facts given in the official reports
of it by representatives of both sides ; and we demand of
the Courier-Journal a correction of the statements latelv re-
6*
peated by Mr. Watterson in that Journal or a production of
such proofs as will verify them."
The necessity for some action of this kind, and most ap-
propriately through the Association of United Confederate
Veterans, was caused by some late editorials in the Courier-
Journal, from which we copy the following, appearing under
the title of
"The Might-Have-Beens of History."
"The morning of February 3, 1865, upon a steamer lying at
anchor in Hampton Roads, off Fortress Monroe, Abraham
Lincoln, attended by William H. Seward, met three Confed-
erate commissioners, Alexander H. Stephens. Robert M. T.
Hunter, and John A. Campbell, appointed by Jefferson Davis
'for the purpose,' as Mr. Davis wrote, 'of securing peace to
the two countries,' but, as Mr. Lincoln had written, 'with the
view of securing peace to the people of our one common
country.'
"There had been many epistolary and verbal exchanges
between the two capitals, Washington and Richmond, before
this fateful conference had come to pass. The parties to it
were personally well known to one another. Mr. Lincoln and
Mr. Stephens were, indeed, old friends. The proceedings were
informal and without ceremony. At the outset it was agreed
that no writing or memorandum should be made of what
might be said or done. It is known, however, that at a cer-
tain point, the President of the United States and the Vice
President of the Southern Confederacy sitting a little apart
from the rest, Mr. Lincoln took up a sheet of paper and said
by way of completing the unreserved conversation that had
passed between them: 'Stephens, let me write "Union" at the
top of this page, and you may write below it whatever else
you please.' He had already committed himself, in the event
that the Southern armies laid down their arms and the South-
ern States returned to the Union, to the payment of $400.-
000,000 for the slaves.
"That such an opportunity for the South, then on the verge
of collapse, to end the war should have been refused will re-
main forever a mystery bordering on the supernatural.
"Two months later Lee surrendered. Instead of achieving
an honorable peace on favorable terms, the Confederacy went
down in total shipwreck, • vanquished, the waves of passion
and plunder for ten succeeding years sweeping over the
stricken survivors as they floundered in the Sea of Recon-
struction, the Christ-man who had thrown out a life line
gone, no one left having the will and the power to stay the
fury of the elements.
"Was it the hand of God? Could it have been that God
deemed the South not yet sufficiently punished? Who shall
tell us?"
Aye, who can tell us that God sends his punishments in
that way? Review the history of wars in this or any other
country and tell us if right has always triumphed. "God
moves in a mysterious way." but the four years of war was
not a punishment at his hands that the South was made to
suffer. Why call slavery the sin of the South? Did not the
Constitution uphold the institution? The South was not re-
sponsible for slavery in the colonies. Those pious pilgrims
of New England grew rich upon the traffic in slaves, and as
long as there was a profit to them New England's con-
science was dormant ; but when it awoke with a "dog-in-the-
manger" feeling, something had to give way. (We don't
hear of them in this day worrying over the slaves in the
sweatshops of the North, their surroundings far worse than
250
QoQfederat^ l/eterai}.
were ever found on Southern plantations.) The South wanted
no war; and had Mr. Lincoln acted in good faith about Fort
Sumter and used conciliatory rather than coercive measures
to bring the Southern States back into the Union, who can
say that war might not have been averted?
Mr. Davis has been accused of so hampering the Confed-
erate commissioners with instructions as to the terms upon
which peace would be considered that they really felt in ad-
vance their errand was futile. It is a satisfaction to bring
forward a direct statement on this point from Mr. Stephens
himself, who gives a chapter to the Hampton Roads confer-
ence in his book, "The War between the States," written in
the form of interrogatories and replies. To the questions,
"How did this celebrated conference, having these objects,
originate? Who projected it, and how did it happen to fail?
It has been stated that Mr. Davis again yielded to your
wishes to attempt negotiations for peace, but so tied your
hands with instructions that nothing could be accomplished
by it. and that his object in the whole matter was to use the
failure as a means more effectually to arouse the people of
the Confederate States to renewed efforts and energy by
showing them that there was no hope of attaining peace ex-
cept by the sword. What did really occur at the interview
between the Confederate commissioners and Mr. Lincoln and
Mr. Seward in that conference?" he makes the following re-
sponse : "The reports to which you refer are utterly unworthy
of notice. These, as those in reference to the proposed con-
ference in 1863, have tended only to mislead the public mind
and to divert it from the truth in the case. The real objects
of the Hampton Roads conference have never been made fully
known to the country, so far as I am aware. It was not in-
tended in its origin or objects to bring about direct negotia-
tions for peace. On this point very erroneous ideas existed
at the time and do yet, I believe. We had no written in-
structions upon that subject or any other except what were
contained in the letter of our appointment, which has been
published, nor any verbal instructions on that subject incon-
sistent with the terms of that letter. The conference, more-
over, did not originate in any way with me."
Letter of Authority to the Confederate Commissioners.
"City Point, Va., February 1, 1865.
"Thomas T. Eckert, Major and Aid-de-Camp — Major: Your
note delivered by yourself this day has been considered. In
reply we have to say that we were furnished with a copy of
the letter of President Lincoln to F. P. Blair, of the 18th of
January ult., another copy of which is appended to your note.
Our intentions are contained in the letter, of which the fol-
lowing is a copy :
"'Richmond, January 28, 1865.
" 'In conformity with the letter of Mr. Lincoln, of which the
foregoing is a copy, you are to proceed to Washington City
for an informal conference with him upon the issues involved
in the existing war and for the purpose of securing peace to
the two countries.
" 'With great respect, your obedient servant,
Jefferson Davis.'
"The substantial object to be attained by the informal con-
ference is to ascertain upon what terms the existing war can
be terminated honorably. Our instructions contemplate a
personal interview between President Lincoln and ourselves
at Washington, but with this explanation we are ready to
meet any person or persons that President Lincoln may ap-
point at such place as he may designate. Our earnest desire
is that a just and honorable peace may be agreed upon, and
we are prepared to receive or to submit propositions which
may possibly lead to the attainment of that end.
"Very respectfully yours, Alexander H. Stephens,
Robert M. T. Hunter,
John A. Campbell."
After various points had been discussed, Mr. Stephens says
that Mr. Hunter went into a sort of recapitulation of the sub-
jects talked over in the interview, and the conclusions which
seemed to be logically deducible from them amounted to
nothing as a basis of peace, in his judgment, but an uncon-
ditional surrender on the part of the Confederate States and
their people. There could be no agreement, no treaty, nor
even any stipulations as to terms — nothing but unconditional
submission.
Mr. Seward promptly replied by insisting that no words like
unconditional submission had been used or any importing or
justly implying degradation or humiliation even to the people
HON. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, VICE PRESIDENT C. S. A.
of the Confederate States. He wished this to be borne in
mind.
Mr. Hunter repeated his view of the subject. What else
could be made of it? No treaty, no stipulation, no agreement,
either with the Confederate States jointly or with them sep-
arately, as to their future position or security. What was
this but unconditional submission to the mercy of conquerors?
Mr. Seward said they were not conquerors further than
that they required obedience to the laws. The force used was
simply to maintain national authority in the execution of
laws. Nor did he think that in yielding to the execution of
the laws under the Constitution of the United States, with
all its guarantees and securities for personal and political
rights, as they might be declared to be by the courts, could
be properly considered as unconditional submission to con-
querors or as having anything humiliating in it. The South-
ern people and the Southern States would be under the Con-
stitution of the United States, with all their rights secured
thereby in the same way and through the same instrumental!-
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
25 J
ties, as the similar rights of the people of the other States
were.
Mr. Hunter said : "But you make no agreement that these
rights will be so held and secured."
Mr. Lincoln said that, so far as the confiscation acts and
other penal acts were concerned, their enforcement was left
entirely with him, and on that point he was perfectly willing
to be full and explicit, and on his assurance perfect reliance
might be placed. He should exercise the power of the execu-
tive with the utmost liberality. He went on to say that he
would be willing to be taxed to remunerate the Southern peo-
ple for their slaves. He believed the people of the North
were as responsible for slavery as the people of the South,
and if the war should then cease with the voluntary abolition
of slavery by the States he should be in favor individually
of the government paying a fair indemnity for the loss to the
owners. He said he believed this feeling had an extensive
existence at the North. He knew some who were in
of an appropriation as high as four hundred millions of dollars
for this purpose. "I could mention persons," said he, "whose
names would astonish you who are willing to do this if the
war shall now cease without further expense and with the
abolition of slavery as stated." But on this subject he said he
could give no assurance, enter into no stipulation. He barely
expressed his own feelings and views and what he believed
to be the views of others upon the subject.
The question arises, "Where does Mr. VVatterson get his
proofs that such offers were made by Mr. Lincoln?" Not
from the official records, for in them there is no mention
of any such offers. We cannot think that any of the Confed-
erate commissioners would omit such important features of
the conference from their report and then give verbal ex-
pression to such statements. They could not be true to them-
selves in creating a false impression by their report, and were
they not honorable men? It rather seems that Mr. Watter-
son has placed his belief on hearsay evidence in preference to
the signed statement of those who took part in the confer-
ence; that it is an effort on his part to discredit Mr. Davis
for the purpose of glorifying Mr. Lincoln. The South can
join in saying that the death of President Lincoln was its
loss; but it was after the surrender at Appomattox that his
attitude became conciliatory, and he was then ready to give
his best efforts to a quiet restoration of the South, and had
he lived the South would doubtless have been spared the hor-
rors of such Reconstruction methods as were invented by the
evil genius of Thad Stevens and his ilk.
To show that the Confederate government was anxious for
peace between the sections, attention is called to the several
efforts that were made to secure it. In his work on "The
Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government" Mr. Davis
gives the following account of what had been done in that
direction :
"Several efforts were made by us to communicate with the
authorities at Washington without success. Commissioners
were sent before hostilities were begun, and the government
of the United States refused to receive them or hear what
they had to say. A second time I sent a military officer with
a communication addressed by myself to President Lincoln.
The letter was received by General Scott, who did not per-
mit the officer to see Mr. Lincoln, but promised that an an-
swer would be sent. No answer was ever received. The
third time a gentleman was sent whose position, character,
and reputation were such as to insure his reception if the
enemy had not been determined to receive no proposals what-
ever from our government. Vice President Stephens made a
patriotic tender of his services in the hope of being able to
promote the cause of humanity; and although little belief
was entertained of his success, I cheerfully yielded to his
suggestions that the experiment should be tried. The enemy
refused to let him pass through their lines or to hold any con-
ference with him. He was stopped before he reached Fortress
Monroe.
"If we would break up our government, dissolve the Con-
federacy, disband our armies, emancipate our slaves, take an
oath of allegiance binding ourselves to obedience to it and to
disloyalty to our own States, the government of the United
States proposed to pardon us and not to deprive us of any-
thing more than the property already robbed from us and
such slaves as still remained. In order to render the pro-
posals so insulting as to secure their rejection, the President
of the United States joined to them a promise to support
with his army one-tenth of the people of any Stale who would
attempt to set up a government over the other nine-tenths,
thus seeking to sow discord among the people of the several
States and to excite them to civil war in furtherance of his
ends."
After mentioning another movement relating to the ac-
iniodation of differences by the visit in July. 1S64, of one
Col. James F. Jacques, of the ;th Illinois Infantry, and James
K. Gilmore. of Massachusetts, "the impudence of whose re-
marks could be extenuated only because of the ignorance dis-
played and the profuse avowal of the kindest motives and
intentions," Mr. Davis says:
"The opening of the spring campaign of 1864 was deemed
a favorable conjuncture tor the employment of the resources
of diplomacy. To approach the government of the United
States directly would have been in vain. Repeated efforts had
already demonstrated its inflexible purpose — not to negotiate
with the Confederate authorities. Political developments at
the North, however, favored the adoption of some action that
might influence popular sentiment in the hostile section. The
aspect of the peace party was quite encouraging, and it seemed
that the real issue to be decided in the Presidential election
of that year was the continuance or cessation of the war. A
commission of three persons, eminent in position and intelli-
gence, was accordingly appointed to visit Canada with a view
to negotiation with such persons in the North as might be
relied upon to aid the attainment of peace. The commission
was designed to facilitate such preliminary conditions as
might lead to formal negotiations between the two govern-
ments, and they were expected to make judicious use of any
political opportunity that might be presented.
"The commissioners — Messrs. Clay, of Alabama : Holcombe,
oi Virginia; and Thompson, of Mississippi — established them-
selves at Niagara Falls in July and on the 12th commenced
a correspondence with Horace Greeley, of New York.
Through him they sought a safe conduct to Washington.
Mr. Lincoln at first appeared to favor an interview, but finally
refused on the ground that the commissioners were not au-
thorized to treat for peace. His final announcement to them
was the following:
'"Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C,
July 18, 1864.
"'To Whom It May Concern: Any proposition which em-
braces the restoration of peace, the integrity of the whole
Union, and the abandonment of slavery and which comes by
and with an authority that can control the armies now at war
2^2
C^oi>federat^ Ueterar?
against the United State; will be received and considered by
the executive government of the United States and will be
met by liberal terms on other substantial and collateral points,
and the bearer or bearers thereof shall have safe conduct
both ways. Abraham Lincoln.'
"This movement, like all others which had preceded it, was
a failure.
"On December 30, 1864. I received a request from Mr.
Francis P. Blair, a distinguished citizen of Montgomery
County, Md., for permission to visit Richmond for certain
personal objects, which was conceded to him. On January
, 12. 1865, he visited me, and the following statement of our
interview was immediately afterwards prepared :
"'Richmond, Va.. January 12, 1865.
" (Memorandum of a confidential conversation held this
day with F. P. Blair, of Montgomery County, Md.)
" 'Mr. Blair stated that, not receiving an answer to his ap-
plication for permission to visit Richmond, which he had sent
from the headquarters of General Grant's army, he returned
to Washington and there received the reply which had been
made to his application, but by some means had been with-
held from him and been forwarded after having been opened ;
that he had originally obtained permission to visit Richmond
from Mr. Lincoln after stating to him that he (Mr. Blair)
had for many years held friendly relations with myself. Mr.
Lincoln stopped him, though he afterwards gave him per-
mission to visit me. He stated in explanation of his position
that he, being a man of Southern blood, felt very desirous to
see the war between the States terminated and hoped by an
interview with me to be able to effect something to that end;
that after receiving the pass which had been sent to him by
my direction he sought before returning to have a conversa-
tion with Mr. Lincoln ; had two appointments for that pur-
pose, but on each occasion was disappointed and from the
circumstances concluded that Mr. Lincoln avoided the inter-
view and therefore came not only without credentials, but
without such instructions from Mr. Lincoln as enabled him
to speak for him. His views, therefore, were to be regarded
merely as his own, and he said they were perhaps merely the
dreams of an old man, etc. He said, despairing of being able
to see me, he had determined to write to me and had the
rough draft of a letter which he had prepared and asked
permission to read it. Soon after commencing to do so he
said (pleasantly) that he found his style was marked by his
old pursuit and that the paper appeared too much like an
editorial. He omitted, therefore, portions of it, reading what
he considered the main points of his proposition. He had
recognized the difference of our positions as not entitling him
to a response from me to the arguments and suggestions
which he desired to offer. I therefore allowed him to read
without comment on my part. When he had finished, I in-
quired as to his main proposition, the cessation of hostilities
and the union of the military forces for the common purpose
of maintaining the Monroe Doctrine, how that object was
to be reached. He said that both the political parties of the
United States asserted the Monroe Doctrine as a cardinal
point of their creed ; that there was a general desire to apply
it to the case of Mexico. For that purpose a secret treaty
might be made, etc. I called his attention to my past efforts
for negotiations and my inability to see, unless Mr. Lincoln's
course in that regard should be changed, how we were to
take the first step. He expressed the belief that Mr. Lincoln
would now receive commissioners, but subsequently said he
could not give any assurance on that point and proposed to
return to Washington to explain his project to Mr. Lincoln
and notify me, if his hope proved well founded, that Mr. Lin-
coln would now agree to a conference for the purpose of
entering into negotiations. He affirmed that Mr. Lincoln did
not sympathize with the radical men who desired the devasta-
tion and subjugation of the Southern States, but that he was
unable to control the extreme party, which now had great
power in the Congress and would at the next session have still
more, referred to the existence of two parties in the cabinet,
to the reluctant nomination of Mr. Chase to be chief justice,
etc. For himself he avowed an earnest desire to stop the
further effusion of blood, as one every drop of whose blood
was Southern. He expressed the hope that the pride, the
power, and the honor of the Southern States should suffer no
shock, looked to the extension of Southern territory even to
the Isthmus of Darien and hoped that if his views found
favor his wishes would be realized, reiterated the idea of State
sovereignty with illustrations, and accepted the reference I
made to explanations given in the Globe, when he edited it,
of the proclamation of General Jackson.
" 'When his attention was called to the brutal atrocities of
their armies, especially the fiendish cruelty shown to helpless
women and children, as the cause of a deep-seated hostility
on the part of our people and an insurmountable obstacle to
an early restoration of fraternal relations, he admitted the
necessity for providing a new channel for the bitter waters
and another bond than that of former memories and interests.
This was supposed to be contained in the proposed common
effort to maintain the Monroe Doctrine on the American
Continent. It was evident that he counted on the disintegra-
tion of the Confederate States if the war continued, and that
in any event he regarded the institution of slavery as doomed
to extinction. I thought any remark by me on the first
proposition would lead to intimations in connection with pub-
lic men which I preferred not more distinctly to hear than
as manifested in his general remarks. On the latter point,
for the reason stated, the inequality of his responsibility and
mine, I preferred to have no discussion. The only difficulty
which he spoke of as insurmountable was that of existing en-
gagements between European powers and the Confederate
States. This point, when referred to a second time as the
dreaded obstacle to a secret treaty which would terminate the
war, was met by me with a statement that we had now no
such complicaion, were free to act as to us should seem best,
and desired to keep State policy and institutions free from
foreign control. '
" 'Throughout the conference Mr. Blair appeared to be ani-
mated by a sincere desire to promote a pacific solution of the
existing difficulty, but claimed no other power than that of
serving as a medium of communication between those who
had thus far had no intercourse and were therefore without
the cointelligence which might secure an adjustment of their
controversy. To his hopeful anticipation in regard to the
restoration of fraternal relations between the sections by the
means indicated I replied that a cessation of hostilities was
the first step toward the substitution of reason for passion,
of sense of justice for a desire to injure, and that if the peo-
ple were subsequently engaged together to maintain a prin-
ciple recognized by both, if together they should bear sacri-
fices, share dangers, and gather common renown, new
memories would take the place of those now planted by the
events of this war and might in the course of time restore the
feelings which preexisted. But it was for us to deal with
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
^53
the problems before us and leave to posterity questions which
they might solve, though we could not; that in the struggle
for independence by our colonial fathers, had failure instead
of success attended their effort, Great Britain, instead of a
commerce which has largely contributed to her prosperity,
would have had the heavy expense of numerous garrisons to
hold in subjection a people who deserved to be free and had
resolved not to be subject.
" 'Our conference ended with no other result than an agree-
ment that he would learn whether Mr. Lincoln would adopt
his (Mr. Blair's) project and send or receive commissioners
to negotiate for a peaceful solution of the questions at issue;
that he would report to him my readiness to enter upon ne-
gotiations, and that I knew of no insurmountable obstacle to
such a treaty of peace as would secure greater advantage to
both parties than any result which arms could achieve.
"'January 14, [863.
" 'The foregoing memorandum of conversation was this day
read to Mr. Blair and altered in so far as he desired, in any
respect to change the expression employed.
Jefferson Davis.'
"The following letter was given by 1111 to Mr. Blair:
"'Richmond, Va., January 12. 1865.
" 'F. P. Blair, Esq. — Sir: I have deemed it proper and prob-
ably desirable to you to give you in this form the substance
of remarks made by me to be repeated by you to President
Lincoln, etc.
"'I have no disposition to find obstacles in forms and am
willing now, as heretofore, to enter into negotiations for the
restoration of peace, am ready to send a commission when-
ever I have reason to suppose it will be received or to receive
a commission if the United States government shall choose
to send one; that, notwithstanding the rejection of our former
offers, I would, if you could promise that a commissioner,
minister, or other agent would be received, appoint one im-
mediately and renew the effort to enter into conference with
a view to secure peace to the two countries.
"'Yours, etc.. Jefferson Davis.'
" 'Washington, January 18, 1865.
P. Blair, Esq. — Sir: Having shown me Mr. Davis's
letter to you of the 12th instant, you may say to him that I
have constantly been, am now, and shall continue ready to
receive any agent whom he or any other influential person
now resisting the national authority may informally send to
me with the view of securing peace to the people of our one
common country.
" 'Yours, etc., A. 1 ,in< 01 v'
"When Air. Blair returned and gave me this letter of Mr,
Lincoln of January 18, it being a response to my note
Blair of the 12th, he said it had been a fortunate thing that
1 gave him that note, as it had created greater confidence in
Mr. Lincoln regarding his efforts at Richmond. Further re-
flection, he said, had modified the views he formerly pre-
sented to me and that he wanted to have my attention for a
different mode of procedure. * * * He then unfolded to
me the embarrassment of Mr. Lincoln on account of the ex-
treme men in Congress and elsewhere who wished to drive
him into harsher measures than he was inclined to adopt ;
hence it would not be feasible for him to enter into any
arrangement with us by the use of political agencies; that
if anything beneficial could be effected it must be done with-
out the intervention of the politicians. He, therefore, sug-
gested that Generals Lee and Grant might enter into an ar-
rangement by which hostilities would be suspended and a
way paved for the restoration of peace. I responded that I
would willingly intrust to General Lee such negotiation as.
was indicated.
"The conference then ended, and to report to Mr. Lii
the result of his visit Mr. Blair returned to Washington. He
subsequently informed me that the idea of a military conven-
tion was not favorably received at Washington, so it only re-
mained for me to act upon the letter of Mr. Lincoln.
"I determined to send as commissioners or agents for the
informal conference Messrs. Alexander H. Stephens, R. M.
T. Hunter, and John A. Campbell. Some objections were
made to this commission by the United States officials, be-
cause it authorized the commissioners to confer for the pur-
pose 'of securing peace to the two countries'; whereas the let-
ter of Mr. Lincoln, which was their passport, spoke of 'se-
curing peace to the people of our one common country.' But
these objections were finally waived.
"On receiving the letter of Mr. Lincoln expressing a willing-
ness to receive any agent 1 might send to Washington City, a
commission was appointed to go there; but it was not allowed
to proceed farther than Hampton Roads, where Mr. Lin.
accompanied by Mr. Seward, met the commissioners. Seward
craftily proposed that the conference should be confidential,
and the commissioners regarded this so binding on them as
to prevent them from including in their report the discussion
which occurred. This enabled Mr. Seward to give his own
version of it in a dispatch to the United States Minister to
the French government, which was calculated to create dis-
trust of. if not hostility to, the Confederacy on the part of the
power in Europe most effectively favoring our recognition."
The reports of the famous peace conference do not show-
that Mr. Lincoln was anxious for peace on any terms but his
own. nor that he was willing to concede anything of his posi-
tion on any question, and he was very careful as to what
should go on any "piece of paper" for him to sign.
Mr. Stephens's report does show that Mr. Davis was dis-
appointed over the result of it. "On the return of the com-
missioners to Richmond," says Mr. Stephens, "everybody
very much disappointed, and no one seemed to be more
than Mr. Davis. He thought Mr. Lincoln had acted in bad
faith in the matter and attributed this change in his policy to
the fall of Fort Fisher, in North Carolina, which occurred
on the 15th of January, after Mr. Blair's first visit to Rich-
mond." Had Mr. Davis himself been inclined to accept the
terms of unconditional surrender, he could not have done so
without the action of the Confederate Congress, which alone
had the power of accepting or rejecting. So why blame Mr
Davis for not accepting the very objectionable terms?
Hampton Roads Conference— from "Memoirs of John H.
Reagan." Fublished in 1006.
During recent years there has been an extensive discussion
through the public prints of the questions which rose at the
Hampton Roads conference. It has been asserted over and"
over that President Lincoln offered to pay $400,000,000 for
the slaves of the South to secure an end of the war and that
he held up a piece of paper to Mr. Stephens, saying : "Let me
write the word 'Union' on it, and you may add any other
conditions you please if it will give us peace." I am prob-
ably not using the exact words which were employed, but I
am expressing the idea given to the public in the discussion.
254
Qopfederat^ Ueteraij.
It has frequently been alleged that Mr. Stephens said these
offers were made. This has been repeated by citizens of ac-
knowledged ability and high character, and it has been said
that these offers could not be acceded to because the instruc-
tions given to the commission by President Davis prevented
it. The purpose of urging these untrue statements seems to
have been to induce the public to believe that Mr. Davis
could have obtained peace on almost any terms desired and
$400,000,000 for the Southern slaves if he had consented to a
restoration of the Southern States to the Union, and that be-
cause of this he was responsible for the losses of life and
property caused by the continuance of the war.
I shall submit evidence which will prove that no such
propositions were ever made. This course is rendered neces-
sary and just both for the truth of history and to vindicate
the action of President Davis and his cabinet. For undoubted-
ly one of the purposes of insisting that such offers were made
is to mislead the public as to the truth.
The following is the report of the Confederate commis-
sioners to President Davis as to what occurred at the con-
ference :
"To the President of the Confederate States: Under your
letter of appointment of the 28th ult. we proceeded to seek an
'informal conference' with Abraham Lincoln, President of the
United States, upon the subject mentioned in the letter. The
conference was granted and took place on the 3d inst. on
board a steamer anchored in Hampton Roads, where we met
President Lincoln and the Honorable Mr. Seward, Secretary
of State of the United States. It continued for several hours
and was both full and explicit. We learned from them that
the message of President Lincoln to the Congress of the
United States in December last explains clearly and distinctly
his sentiments as to the terms, conditions, and methods of
proceeding by which peace can be secured to the people, and
we are not informed that they would be modified or altered
to obtain that end. We understood from him that no terms
or proposals of any treaty or agreement looking to an ulti-
mate settlement would be entertained or made by him with
the authorities of the Confederate States, because that would
be a recognition of their existence as a separate power, which
under no circumstances would be done, and for a like reason
that no such terms would be entertained by him for the
States separately ; that no extended truce or armistice (as
at present advised) would be granted or allowed without a
satisfactory assurance in advance of the complete restoration
of the authority of the Constitution and laws of the United
States over all places within the States of the Confederacy;
that whatever consequences may follow from the reestablish-
ment of that authority must be accepted; but that individuals
subject to pains and penalties under the laws of the United
States might rely upon a very liberal use of the power con-
fided to him to remit those pains and penalties if peace be
restored.
"During the conference the proposed amendment to the
Constitution of the United States adopted by Congress on
the 31st ultimo was brought to our notice. This amendment
provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude ex-
cept for crime should exist within the United States or any
place within her jurisdiction and that Congress would have
power to enforce this amendment by appropriate legislation.
"Very respectfully, etc., Alexander H. Stephens,
R. M. T. Hunter,
John A. Campbell."
It is seen that the Confederate commissioners say that no
terms or proposals of any treaty or agreement would be en-
tertained by President Lincoln with the authorities of the
Confederate States or with any of the States separately and
that no truce or armistice would be allowed without satis-
factory evidence in advance of the complete restoration of
the authority of the Constitution and laws of the United
States over all places within the States of the Confederacy.
This report was signed by Mr. Stephens, Mr. Hunter, and
Judge Campbell. It shows conclusively that unconditional
surrender in advance of any negotiations was the only con-
dition whereby the war could be ended. And Judge Camp-
bell in his memoranda relating to this conference says : "In
conclusion, Mr. Hunter summed up what seemed to be the
result of the interview : that there could be no arrangements
by treaty between the Confederate States and the United
States or any agreement between them. There was nothing
left for them but unconditional submission."
On the 6th of February, 1865, President Davis sent the re-
port of the commissioners to the Confederate Congress with
a message in which he used this language : "I herewith trans-
mit for the information of Congress the report of the emi-
nent citizens above named, showing that the enemy refused
to enter into negotiations with the Confederate States or any
of them separately or to give our people any other terms or
guaranties than those which the conquerors may grant or to
permit us to have peace on any other basis than our uncon-
ditional submission to their rule, coupled with the acceptance
of their recent legislation on the subject of the relations
between the black and white population of each State."
In his "History of the War between the States" (Volume
II., pages 599-626) Vice President Stephens gives a carefully
compiled account of what was done at the conference, and
in this he shows plainly and fully the distinct refusal of
President Lincoln to recognize or in any form to make or
agree to any terms for peace with the government of the
Confederate States or with any of the States separately ex-
cept upon the condition that they should, before any other
measure should be considered, recognize and accept the Con-
stitution and laws of the United States and trust to Congress
as to what disposition was to be made of the Confederacy,
their people and property. There is no word in his long
account of any proposition as to the payment of $400,000,000
for the slaves or of President Lincoln's writing the word
"Union" on a sheet of paper and allowing Mr. Stephens or
any one else to determine the terms and conditions upon
which the war should be ended.
So it is seen that we have the report of the Confederate
commissioners to the President, the message of the President
to Congress, the joint resolutions of the two Houses of the
Confederate Congress, and the evidence of Mr. Stephens's
history of what occurred at that conference to prove that no
such offers were made by Mr. Lincoln.
While it may seem unnecessary, I will go farther and add
to these testimonials those of President Lincoln and Secre-
tary Seward.
Mr. Lincoln at first determined to send Secretary of State
Seward to meet the Confederate commissioners and on the
31st of January, 1865, furnished him with instructions for
his government, which contained these provisions : "You will
make known to them that three things are indispensable —
to wit: (1) The restoration of the national authority through-
out all the States ; (2) no receding by the executive of the
United States on the slavery question from the position as-
Qopfederat^ Ueterap.
'■S3
sumed thereon in the late message to Congress and in pre-
ceding documents; (3) no cessation of hostilities short of
an end of the war and the disbanding of all forces hostile
to the government."
In Mr. Lincoln's annual message to Congress dated Decem-
ber 5, 1864, he says : "At the last session of Congress a pro-
posed amendment of the Constitution abolishing slavery
throughout the United States passed the Senate, but failed
of the requisite two-thirds vote of the House of Representa-
tives. Although the present is the same Congress and nearly
the same members, and without questioning the wisdom and
patriotism of those who stood in opposition, I venture to
recommend the reconsideration and passage of the measure
at the present session."
And the same message contained the following: "In pre-
senting the abandonment of armed resistance to the national
authority on the part of the insurgents as the only indispensa-
ble condition to ending the war on the part of the govern-
ment I retract nothing heretofore said as to slavery. I re-
peat the declaration made a year ago that while I remain in
my present position I shall not attempt to retract or modify
the Emancipation Proclamation, nor shall I return to slavery
any person who is free by the terms of that proclamation or
by any of the acts of Congress. If the people should, by
whatever mode or means, make it an executive duty to re-
enslave such persons, another, and not I, must be their in-
strument to perform it."
The proclamation here referred to by President Lincoln
was that of January 1, 1863, for which that of September 22.
1862. had prepared the way. In that of the later date he de-
clared: "That on the 1st day of January, 1863, all persons held
as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the
HON. JOHN H. REAGAN,
Postmaster-General C S. A.
people whereof shall be in rebellion against the United States
shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."
In the face of his annual message of December 5, 1864.
and of these two proclamations, how could President Lincoln
have proposed to pay $400,000,000 for the slaves he had al-
ready set free and did not intend to return to a condition of
slaver}'? And how could he have said that if he were al-
lowed to write the word "Union" on a piece of blank paper
the Confederate commissioners might name any terms they
pleased to end the war?
On the ~th of February, 1863, Mr. Seward addressed a
communication to the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the Min-
ister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Great Britain,
giving for his information an account of what occurred at
the Hampton Roads conference. This letter, it will be ob-
served, was written four days after that conference. In it.
among other things, he said that President Lincoln announced
to the Confederate commissioners : "That we can agree to
no cessation or suspension of hostilities except on the basis
of the disbandment of the insurgent forces and the restora-
tion of the national authority throughout all the States in
the Union. Collaterally and in subordination to the proposi-
tion which he thus announced, the antislavery policy of the
United States was reviewed in all its bearings, and the Presi-
dent announced that he must not be expected to depart from
the positions he had assumed in his Proclamation of Emanci-
pation and other documents, as these positions were reiterated
in his last annual message. It was further declared by the
President that the complete restoration of national authority
everywhere was an indispensable condition to any assent 011
our part to whatever form of peace might be proposed. The
President assured the other party that, while he must adhere
to these positions, he would be prepared, as far as power was
lodged with the executive, to exercise it liberally. His
power, however, is limited by the Constitution; and when
peace should be made. Congress must necessarily act in re-
gard to appropriations of money and the admission of rep-
resentatives from the insurrectionary States. The Richmond
party was then informed that Congress had on the 31st ultimo
adopted by a constitutional majority a joint resolution sub-
mitting to the several States the proposition to abolish slavery
throughout the Union and that there is every reason to ex-
pect that it will be accepted by three-fourths of the States, so
as to become a part of the organic law "
While it is true that some respectable men have asserted
that Mr. Stephens told them of Mr. Lincoln's alleged offer
(and I have all their statements in writing or print), there
must have been some misunderstanding as to his language,
for he was an honorable and truthful man and a man of too
much good sense to have made such allegations in the face
of such record as is here presented. Among those who assert
that Mr. Stephens made one or the other of those statements
are the Hon. Henry Watterson, editor of the Courier-Journal ;
Rev. E. A. Green, of Virginia; Dr. R. J. Massey, of Georgia;
and Mr. Clark Howell, of Georgia. Any impartial person
who may read the statements of Mr. Green will see his gross
ignorance of the matters of which he writes, and any one
who will read what he says and what Dr. Massey says will
see that the main purpose with them was to throw discredit
on President Davis for not making peace on terms which,
as the evidence shows, were not offered and which we were
fully informed could not be allowed the Confederates. And
it is also clear that a prime object with Dr. Massey was to
lionize Mr. Stephens, while discrediting Mr. Davis.
256
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
Among those who say Mr. Stephens denied making these
statements are the Rev. F. C. Boykin, of Georgia; Mr. R. F.
Littig. of Mississippi ; Hon. James Orr, of South Carolina,
who was at that time associated with Vice President Stephens
as a member of the Confederate Senate; Hon. Frank B. Sex-
ton, then a member of the Confederate Congress; Col. Stephen
\V. Blount, of Texas, who had been a schoolmate and was a
friend to Mr. Stephens, who, in answer to Blount's inquiry,
wrote that he never made any such remark; Mr. Charles G.
Newman, of Arkansas ; and Gov. A. H. Garland, of Arkansas,
who was at the time of the conference a member of the Con-
federate Senate and the roommate of Mr. Stephens and who
has been United States Senator and Attorney-General of the
United States. Governor Garland says that on the return of
the Confederate commissioners Mr. Stephens told him no
terms of peace could be had except upon unconditional sub-
mission of the Confederates.
It is not pleasant to have to consider such a conflict of
statements. It has arisen between men of ability and char-
acter in the discussion of one of the important historical
questions which grew out of the great contest. And the pub-
lished statements show that there was an extensive effort
being made to pervert and falsify the history of that impor-
tant conference so as to cast public censure on President
Davis for not terminating the war upon conditions which
were not offered.
I also have a letter from Senator Vest, of Missouri, who
was then a Confederate Senator, in which he says : "R. M.
T. Hunter, who was President pro tern, of the Confederate
Senate, told me in detail what occurred at the Fort Monroe
conference, and it agrees with your statements. No more
truthful and conservative man than Hunter ever lived."
The message of Mr. Lincoln of March 6, 1862, and his
conference with border State representatives at that time
and the statements he made to Mr. Stephens at the Hampton
Roads conference and perhaps other expressions of his
showed, I think, his personal willingness that compensation
should have been made for the slaves of the South; but the
messenger referred to and the conference which followed were
in March of the second year of the war. His suggestion
then was that the border States of the Confederacy should
adopt a general plan of emancipation upon the basis of com-
pensation, and that if this was done it would defeat the pur-
pose of the Southern States. It was a bid to the border
States to desert their Southern sister States. Those repre-
senting the border States declined to act on this suggestion,
for it was only a suggestion. For them to have acted in ad-
vance of any move by the Northern States and with no as-
surance that if they should adopt such a policy it would ever
be accepted by the North would have been a species of mad-
ness. This, however, had no direct relation to what occurred
at Hampton Roads.
I have no doubt that Mr. Stephens recited the statement
made by President Lincoln at that conference td the effect
that he personally would have no objection to an arrange-
ment for compensation for the slaves if that would end the
war and that he knew persons who would be willing to pay
$400,000,000 for that purpose. This is probably the basis, and
the only basis, for the stories so often repeated about his of-
fering at that conference to pay $400,000,000 if it would end
the war. And when Mr. Stephens spoke of these two things,
his hearers, I must suppose, misunderstood him or miscon-
strued his words. It is better to view it thus and to assume
that the stories referred to had their origin in that way than
to believe that willful misstatements were made.
I served with Mr. Stephens in the Congress of the United
States four years before the war. We served together in the
Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, were thrown to-
gether more or less during the war, and we served together
in Congress for several years after the war. I always re-
garded him as an upright, honorable man. I was his friend
and admired his genius and ability, though I thought during
the war, and have not changed my opinion, that he had very
impracticable views as to the methods of conducting the war.
And I fear from his writings and from the statements at-
tributed to him by others that during the latter part of the
war and after it closed he allowed his great name and in-
fluence to give too much encouragement to malcontents who
caused embarrassment to the Confederate government and
who endeavored to cast unjust reflections on the policy, ac-
tions, and services of the President, his cabinet, and the Con-
federate Congress.
ME AND MAMMY.
Me and Mammy know a child
About my age and size
Who, Mammy says, won't go to heaven
'Cause she's so grown and wise.
She answers "Yes" and "No" just so
When folks speak to her
And laughs at Mammy and at me
When I say "Ma'am" and "Sir."
And Mammy says the reason why
This child's in such a plight
Is 'cause she's had no Mammy dear
To raise her sweet and right,
To stand between her and the world.
With all its old sad noise,
And give her baby heart a chance
To keep its baby joys.
Then Mammy draws me close to her
And says : "The Lord be praised,
Here's what I calls a decent chile,
'Cause hit's been Mammy-raised!"
— Howard Weeden.
Qoi?federat^ l/eteratj.
'■3/
GEN. JOHN B. HOOD.
LIEUT. GEN. JOHN B. HOOD.
A TRIBUTE BY CAPT. J. T. HUNTER, OF TEXAS.
General Hood was born at Owensville, Bath County, Ky.,
June 29, 183 1. He was educated at Mount Sterling, entered
West Point Military Academy in 1849, and graduated at the
end of the usual term. He joined the 4th Regiment of In-
fantry in 1853. With this regiment he served nearly two
years in California and was then transferred, in July, 1855. to
the 2d Cavalry, to which Albert Sidney Johnston and R. E.
Lee belonged, in the respective commands of colonel and lieu-
tenant colonel. With this regiment he did duty on the west-
ern frontier of Texas and in July, 1856, was wounded in a
tight with the Indians. Doubtless it was in the wild service
of West Texas that he derived the boldness and dash so
conspii 111 'i s in him during the
four years of terrible strife in
which he was soon called to
participate. This is apparent
from the fact that sometime
before the War between the
States he was ordered from
Texas to report for duty
as instructor of cavalry at
West Point; but afterwards,
at his own request, he was
returned to his regiment,
then at San Antonio. He re-
signed his commission in the
United States army on April
i6, 1861, entered the Southern army with the rank of first
lieutenant, and was ordered to report to General Lee early
in May, 1861. He was then appointed captain of cavalry and
sent to General Magruder, in command on the Peninsula.
He was engaged in many skirmishes and in a light at Big
Bethel. On September 30, 1861, he was ordered to Richmond,
reo ived the rank of colonel of infantry, and was assigned to
the 4th Texas Regiment, which had just reached Richmond
from Texas.
At this period Hood was in all the manly vigor of good
health and presented a tine military and commanding appear-
ance, with a powerful, melodious voice and a kindly, though
piercing, eye. Consequently his soldierly bearing and affable
manner soon won upon his men, and very speedily he obtained
their confidence and good will. The men found him a thor-
ough soldier, both ready and willing to give all the necessary
instruction, not only in the drill and field exercises, but also in
all minor technicalities of the service. Thus he soon formed
a magnificent regiment out of a brave, daring, hardy set of
volunteers from historic Texas.
In November, 1861, Hood and his regiment were ordered to
Dumfries, on the Potomac, and there, with the 1st and 5th
Texas Regiments, was organized into a brigade under Senator
Louis T. Wigfall, who had been appointed a brigadier gen-
eral. When, however, Senator Wigfall had to take his seat
in the Confederate Congress on March 3. 1862, Colonel Hood
was promoted to a brigadier's rank and took command of the
brigade. He received notice of his promotion at Fredericks-
burg while the command was on the march to Yorktown.
After arriving there Hood's Brigade was made a constituent
part of Longstreet's Corps and remained as such until the
surrender at Appomattox.
When our army evacuated the Peninsula and commenced the
retreat toward Richmond, the Texas Brigade brought up the
6**
retreat as far as Williamsburg. Here General Hood received
orders from General Johnston to hasten forward with his
command to Eltham's Landing, on York River, as General
Johnston anticipated that McClellan would transport large
bodies of troops to that point to intercept his retreat or at
least try to capture his transportation. The sequel proved that
General Johnston had made no mistake in his conjectures, for
on May 7, 1862, the Union forces under General Franklin
landed in great force. General Hood, although having only
his small command, then composed of the Texas regiments,
the 18th Georgia, and Hampton's South Carolina Legion, did
not hesitate to attack with great gallantry and forced the
'ighting from the start. The battle ground was a heavily
timbered bottom which just suited our men, who advanced
from tree to tree and drove the enemy with great slaughter
before them, giving them such battle as they could not face
or withstand, and they were forced to take cover in their ves-
sels for protection. The artillery from the boats was at once
opened on the woods, and, supposing we were fleeing from
their missiles, they shot entirely over us, as we were lying
near them on the river bank. During this fight General Hood
dismounted and went in with the men and superintended in
person all movements of the troops. We held our position
near the boats until all the spoils of our victory were secured
and taken out and General Johnston's army and wagon train
had passed. As night closed in, General Hood withdrew and
followed the main army toward Richmond. In this battle our
casualties were very light in comparison with the enemy's
We had seventeen killed and twenty-four wounded, most of
these casualties being in the 1st Texas, whili my re-
ported eight hundred killed.
At Seven Pines the brigade was held in reserve and, al-
though under tire, was not actively engaged. Our loss was
very light, and General Hood had no opportunity further to
distinguish himself. But a short time after this Hood and
his Texans won immortal fame at Gaines's Mill, which was
(heir first great battle in open field. They had fought the
battle of Eltham's Landing and had often been called on
where desperate men were wanted on skirmish line or out-
post duty. Now they were to show their mettle in the most
forlorn and desperate duty assigned them. And never did
seasoned troops of any army on this earth more nobly or
gloriously do the awful work meted out to them. Three lines
of Federal infantry, protected by breastworks and fourteen
pieces of artillery, were belching awful destruction on our line
and had defied the best efforts of picked troops to dislodge
them. Repeated gallant charges had been made, only to break
to pieces in face of the withering fire. When General Whiting,
the division commander, told General Hood of the failure
of several commands that had attacked and the strength of
the position and added, "It will be your turn next," General
Hood said : "I believe I have a regiment that will break the
position." General Whiting replied : "Make disposition of
your troops and attack as soon as convenient." He at once
gave orders, placing the other regiments, and moved off with
the 4th Texas himself. He gave orders for not a gun to be
fired until he gave the order. When he arrived at the proper
place, he placed himself in front and gave the order, "For-
ward I"
The brave Texans with a blood-curdling yell rush on, not
heeding the numbers that fell at every step, until they scaled
the breastworks, when they delivered a deadly fire on the re-
treating enemy : they then continued their victorious charge on
258
C^opfederat^ l/eterap.
the cannon and captured fourteen fine guns. The result is
historic. No troops on earth could have withstood such an
onslaught. The enemy fled before the tremendous charge of
Hood and his Texans, while he for his desperate courage and
gallantry was made a major general. From this time the
movements of General Hood were so bound up with the grand
army under General Lee that to relate them in detail would
be to exhaust our vocabulary, since he was everywhere that
work was to be done, and his men were as untiring as him-
self.
At the battle of Second Manassas, August 31, 1S62, General
Hood was again conspicuous for great daring and wonderful
skill in his movements. In the late afternoon of that day the
Texas Brigade was ordered forward and went with that
celerity with which it was accustomed to go into battle.
Though opposed by three lines of battle, no halt was made
until all three were driven back. By this time it became so
dark that friend could not be distinguished from foe. After
halting, the command was found to be half a mile in advance
of the troops on our right and left; the brigade had driven
into the Yankee army. It was related that on this occasion
General Longstreet said: "Hood, where are your Texans?"
General Hood replied : "They slipped the bridle and are gone.
The last I heard of them they were going toward Washing-
ton." General Longstreet replied: "If any men in the world
can get there, those are the men."
The command was brought back to its original position.
In the next day's conflict Hood took the advance of Long-
street and pressed forward, driving everything before him,
until the enemy's lines were all broken and the victory won.
Hood shared equally with his men the dangers of battle, and
when the gory fight was over he could claim a full share of
the high praise bestowed by General Lee on the success of
his troops. It is a singular coincidence that the troops actually
opposed to Hood's men in this battle were the same he en-
countered at Gaines's Mill. They had been waiting and pray-
ing to meet him again, and, as before, after a gallant contest,
they had to retire, leaving with Hood the remainder of the
battery of four guns that escaped capture at Gaines's Mill,
and the captain of the battery died by his guns.
The first invasion of Maryland in September again brought
General Hood prominently forward. At Boonsboro he held
the mountain pass against McClellan's army until General
Lee came up. General Hood's command was with General
Lee at Fredericksburg and occupied a position on the right
of Longstreet and the left of General Jackson at a point at
which General Lee supposed Hooker would try to break his
center on the road leading to Richmond ; but as Hooker de-
livered battle on the flanks, the Texas Brigade had an easy
time.
In February, 1S63, Hood was at the siege of Suffolk, in
Southeast Virginia ; in June he was again in Maryland at the
second invasion of that State. He was badly wounded in
the arm at Gettysburg, and in the retreat suffered very much;
still he would not forsake his command. After resting awhile
he insisted on going with Longstreet to East Tennessee to
reenforce Bragg just prior to the battle of Chickamauga. On
the first day of the battle General Hood's division occupied a
position on the left of General Bragg's forces and was very
hotly engaged, but ultimately drove the enemy from his en-
tire front. The next morning, Sunday, September 20, 1863,
as General Bragg's forces had failed to break the enemy's
lines in his front the previous day, General Hood was moved
to the right to attack the "stronghold" of the enemy, which
was carried in short order, capturing the batteries and driv-
ing the enemy in rout from his entire front and causing the
retreat. Rosecrans's army was defeated, and the battle of
Chickamauga was a grand victory for Southern arms. Sad
to relate, in this last grand charge General Hood received a
severe wound which necessitated the amputation of his right
leg near the hip joint. For his very valuable and heroic serv-
ice on this occasion he was made lieutenant general.
Six months now elapsed before he was sufficiently recov-
ered to take the field again. In the beginning of March, 1S64,
he was again in Richmond and about the middle of the month
proceeded to take command of his corps in Georgia. On his
way to Georgia a collision of trains occurred and caused him
much suffering, but he continued his journey. In the battle
of Resaca Hood commanded the right, and as our army fell
back he stubbornly disputed the advance of the enemy and
made it a continual battle for him to advance. On the iSth
of July, 1S64, General Johnston was relieved and General
Hood placed in command of the army, which he assumed
in the following address :
"Headquarters Army of Tennessee. July iS, 1864.
"Soldiers: In obedience to orders from the War Depart-
ment, I assume command of this army and department. I
deeply feel the weight of the responsibility so suddenly and
unexpectedly devolved upon me by this position, and I shall
bend all my energies and employ all my skill to meet its re-
quirements. I look with confidence to your patriotism to
stand by me and rely on your prowess to wrest your country
from the grasp of the invader, entitling yourselves to the
proud distinction of being called the deliverers of an oppressed
people. J. B. Hood, General."
In consideration of General Hood's partial loss of the use
of an arm at Gettysburg, the loss of a leg at Chickamauga,
and his worry and anxiety over a campaign when in command
of an army far inferior in numbers, subsistence, and equip-
ment to that of the enemy, with an army too that was dispir-
ited from constant retreat, how wonderful it is that he was
yet willing to follow his country's flag to the death and con-
sidered not if other limbs and body even should follow those
gone before !
In reflecting on the career of General Hood it causes one
to believe that indeed men can be born who in their nobility,
devotion to principle, and courage soar far above earthly com-
prehension. He was evidently one of those whom no dis-
asters or physical ailments, not even the terrible dismember-
ment of his body, nor any amount of external trouble, annoy-
ance, or ill will could crush. But the spirit within was as
powerful to will and to do as ever, the vigor of his powerful
mind was unbroken, and the piercing directness of his steel-
blue eye undimmed. When we reflect as to how and when
General Hood consented to take command of the Army of
Tennessee, our admiration for this great hero of the South
becomes more intense, and his wonderful patriotism and love
for the Confederacy, which far exceeded ordinary human
comprehension, is made manifest. General Hood was too
grand a man and accomplished an officer to be criticized or
censured for his inability to win the independence of the Con-
federacy with the very inefficient means at his disposal. He
could not accomplish the impossible. General Lee and many
other glorious men failed, and all, like Hood, did their best.
General Hood proved himself one of the ablest corps com-
manders of either army and covered both himself and the
troops he commanded with an everlasting wreath of glory.
Qoi)federat^ l/eterar?.
259
At Tupelo, Miss., General Hood took leave of the army in
the following order :
"Headquarters Army of Tennessee, Tupelo, Miss.,
January 23, 1865.
"Soldiers: At my request I have this clay been relieved of
the command of this army. In taking leave of you accept my
thanks for the patience with which you have endured your
hardships during the recent campaign. I am alone responsi-
ble for its conception and strove hard to do my duty in its
execution. I urge upon you the importance of giving your
entire support to the distinguished soldier who now assumes
command, and I shall look with deep interest on all your
future operations and rejoice at your successes.
J. B. Hood, General."
General Hood then visited Augusta, Ga., on the 3d 01
ruary, where he received an ovation. He paused there long
enough to publish his official report of the Tennessee cam-
paign and then proceeded to his home, in San Antonio, Tex.
The war was soon over. On September 25, 1865, he went
to Washington to find out how his case was to be disposed
of. The war ruined his hopes, and subsequent event!
stroyed all his plans, and he died of yellow fever in New
Orleans during the terrible epidemic of 1S79. His devoted
wife died on the evening of August 24, 1879, and the be-
reaved husband and father followed on the morning of the
30th, leaving behind them in full orphanage eleven children of
very tender years. Lydia, the eldest, died on the evening of
the same day. Of the ten helpless little children thus be-
riMvrd. the eldest were twins, aged nine years. There were
also two other pairs of twins, and the youngest child was one
month old.
Devoted as General Hood was to his old brigade, his last
thoughts were for his children and the brigade, and he left
his children to its care.
The generous heart of the country was quickly moved in
grateful recognition of the virtues, the chivalry, and self-
sacrificing devotion of the departed hero, and to an active and
giving sympathy for his children. Together with Hood's
Brigade, committees were formed and a large amount of
money raised and invested for the maintenance of the orphans.
They were much sought by wealthy people and favorably and
satisfactorily adopted into desirable homes, and all the sur-
vivors of the old brigade were delighted that the loved ones
of our loved general should have been so greatly blessed in
their homes and environments.
CAPTURE OF THE FORT AT SEW CREEK.
BY R. G. BOURNE, SACRAMENTO. CAL.
About the 15th or 20th of December, 1S64. General Rosser,
with a part of his brigade and a part of Gen. William H.
Payne's brigade, making a force of about five hundred men,
went from our camp, near Staunton, Va., to take the fort
at New Creek, a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
near the Potomac River. On the early morning of the third
day this command reached a point about eight miles from
New Creek. General Rosser had the troops to form in a
field near the road and said to General Payne : "General, I
assign the honor of this attack to your brigade." General
Payne turned to Colonel Cook, who commanded the 8th Regi-
ment of Virginia Cavalry, and said : "Colonel Cook, I assign
this honor to your regiment." Then Colonel Cook told Cap-
tain Bourne, who was captain of Company C, 8th Virginia
Cavalry, and commanded the first squadron of the regiment,
that he should make the attack with his squadron.
The Federals had two pickets on the road, with about one
hundred men in each picket, the first being four miles and
the other two miles from the fort. General Rosser gave Cap-
tain Bourne instructions to charge the place and take all the
outside battery of six guns; that his command would stay
two miles behind, and when they came up they would enter
the fort. We had to approach the fort on its south side, the
entrance being at its northeast corner. The fort had nine
•lege guns on the south side, commanding the road over
which we had to approach the fort. There was a ditch
around the base of the fort twelve feet deep and :
wide and another ditch of the same size fifty or sixty yards
from the fort. These ditches were about half full of
There were about three regiments of Yankees in camp about
a hundred and fifty yards from the east side of the fort,
and the road passed between the camp and the fort.
After we started from the field. Captain Bourne conceived
the idea of trying to deceive the pickets. His men all had
1 rcoats, so the pickets would think they were
Yankees. Captain Bourne selected twenty men and instructed
them to go ahead, singing in a careless manner when they got
in sight of the pickets. The plan succeeded, and when our
men reached the pickets they covered them with their guns
and captured both without firing a gun. Colonel Cook took
charge of the prisoners, as he was close behind us ; then we
advanced toward the fort in a fast walk with our little squad-
ron of about sixty-five men, and when we reached a point
about three hundred yards from the fort a courier from
Colonel Cook ran up to the rear of our column and screamed
out : "Colonel Cook says charge." The Yankees all heard it
and dashed for the fort. In order to meet them at the en-
trance to the fort Captain Bourne had to jump the outside
ditch with his horse. Seven of his men followed him, and
we reached the entrance to the fort just as the Yankees did.
We had a hand-to-hand struggle with them, only two Yan-
kees succeeding in getting in. Our other men were afraid to
try to jump the ditch, but they ran to the Yankees' flank with
a rush. We drove them from the fort and followed close
after, pouring shot into them as they ran in confusion across
the ridge down to the river bottom. There we ran around
them, and they all surrendered to our sixty-five men. We
did not lose a single man in the engagement, but the Yankees
lost heavily.
The Yankees had immense army supplies at this place.
There were three houses three or four hundred feet long and
about fifty feet wide, besides other smaller houses, all full of
army stores, guns, ammunition, clothing, and all kinds of
provisions for the army. After supplying ourselves, we burned
everything. We got about a thousand horses, with saddles,
harness, etc. We organized teams for the six cannons and
two or three wagons and left New Creek with horses and
prisoners about dark. Captain Bourne's company served as
rear guard back to our camp, near Staunton, which we
reached in due time with all the spoils. In the evening, while
we were burning and de"stroying the supplies, about two regi-
ments of Yankee cavalry came to the opposite side of the
river in sight of us. They remained there until we left, but
did not try to disturb us.
260
C^opfederat^ tfeterai).
FACTS AND FAXCIES.
COMPILED BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, CA, "
A Model for Our Country.
In the Army and Navy Journal of February 26 "Verante"
says:
"The best laws ever made in this country for raising an
efficient army and promoting its officers were made by the
Confederate Congress in 1861-65. Many Confederate Sena-
tors and members of the House had kinsmen who had served
in the United States army or in Mexico. The Congress con-
sidered these ex-army officers experts who would have to do
the fighting and be responsible for the result and should,
therefore, dictate the laws under which they were to work. The
President of the Confederacy was a graduate of the Military
Academy, who had served in the United States army, and was
colonel of volunteers during the Mexican War. He, of course,
exerted his influence to have good military laws passed. The
Confederate Congress passed a conscription law early in the
war, when war was popular. This swept all their young men
into the army and prevented desertion ; for a young man seen
anywhere in the South would have had to explain to every
woman he met why he was not with the army at the front,
and if his excuse was not good the women and children would
have mobbed him.
"In i860 the United States army was so small that the char-
acter of every officer and his reputation as a soldier were well
known. Every officer treated with respect an officer who had
had longer experience with troops in the field than himself,
and these points were carefully considered in appointments in
the Confederate army. Joseph Johnston, with the full rank
of general, was assigned to command the Army of Virginia.
His corps were commanded by lieutenant generals, his divi-
sions by major generals, his brigades by brigadiers, and his
regiments by colonels. Every officer received orders from
his superior, whom he respected, knowing that his superior
had greater military knowledge than himself. General John-
ston, having the full rank of general, had no rival in his army
and could easily maintain harmony and loyalty among his
generals.
"It was to the interest of every Confederate officer to have
the best soldiers made officers and the best officers promoted.
Every captain recommended his best sergeant. The colonel
selected the candidate he thought the best fitted and sent his
name to the President, who appointed the sergeant a second
lieutenant. This was military merit, not political pull. It
was given by experts who saw the men daily in camp, on the
march, in battle. The Confederates did not raise a new regi-
ment after the first year, and their regiments constantly im-
proved in efficiency throughout the war. The young, en-
thusiastic conscripts coming in were first-class soldiers in a
few weeks, and the older soldiers were consequently encour-
aged by the increase in numbers."
The above is indeed a great and well-deserved tribute to
the efficiency of our War Department, but I am of the opin-
ion that the writer is not altogether correct. For instance, he
says that our officers were appointed by the President, but
does not state that they were elected by their comrades first,
which, I am sure, was the case among the State troops during
the first part of the war, at any rate. He says again that no
new regiments were received after* the first year, which I
doubt; but I can find nothing in the "Records" to controvert it.
There is no doubt in the world that, as compared with the
Northern army, our leaders got along in the greatest harmony ;
but there were cases of friction, such as Floyd vs. Wise and
Loring vs. Jackson, that during the first part of the war kept
things lively. But, taken altogether, the article is as true to
history as can be and should be considered as very appropri-
ate at this critical period of our great nation's history.
The Case of George B. McClellan.
There is no doubt in the world that General McClellan was
a masterly organizer, but woefully lacking as a commander.
His information, gathered from the Pinkerton Detective
Agency, as to the numbers against him in the Peninsular Cam-
paign was far from true, as he believed that he was confront-
ing 180,000 men, when in reality we had between eighty. and
ninety thousand only. General Lee's strategy was masterly,
but on account of his generals (including Jackson) not carry-
ing out his orders promptly his tactics were bad enough to
allow McClellan to slip out of his hands, when the latter and
his whole army should have been captured.
The following extracts from the "Official Records" show
plainly the character of the so-called "Young Napoleon" :
McClellan to Goldsborough, April S, 1862: "I am probably
weaker than they are, but will whip them in spite of that
fact."
Stanton to McClellan, April 8: "We hope for great results
from you and are longing to send the shout of victory from
the Chesapeake to the Mississippi."
Stanton to McClellan, May 4: "I hope soon to hail your
arrival in Richmond."
Wool to Stanton, May 6 : "McClellan says his force is in-
ferior to the Rebels. If such is the fact, I am surprised that
they abandoned Yorktown."
McClellan to Stanton, May 7: "I am sure we have one or
more desperate battles to fight before gaining possession of
Richmond."
McClellan to Stanton, May 8: "I expect to fight another
severe battle before reaching Richmond. It is, of course,
possible that the enemy may abandon Richmond without a bat-
tle, but we have no right to take that for granted. The in-
habitants report the force in our front as 120,000 strong."
Seward to Lincoln, May 14: "We find McClellan confident
of success."
Wool to Stanton, May 19: "The desponding tone of Mc-
Clellan calling for reinforcements induced me to do the same,
to be ready for coming events."
McClellan to Burnside, May 21 : "I feel very proud of
Yorktown, and it will be my brightest chalet in history, for
I know that I accomplished everything by pure military skill.
I expect to fight a desperate battle before Richmond against
superior numbers. When I can see the hand of God guard-
ing one so weak as myself, I can almost believe myself a
chosen instrument to carry out his command. Would that a
better man had been selected [?] !"
Wool to Stanton, May 24: "If I had as many troops as
McClellan, I would not ask for more. The Rebel forces are
by no means equal to his."
Stanton to McClellan, May 24: "I had an inquiry last night
from General Mitchell at Huntsville as to whether you had
taken Richmond. I hope and believe that I shall soon have
the pleasure of announcing that great event."
McClellan to his army, June 2: "The events of every day
prove your superiority. Whenever you have met the enemy,
you have beaten him; whenever you have used the bayonet,
he has given way in panic and disorder."
McClellan to Stanton, June 25 : "If I had another good di-
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
->6i
vision, I could laugh at Jackson. Nothing but overwhelming
forces can defeat us."
McClellan to Porter, June 27: "Tell your troops that their
general thanks them for their heroism and say that he is now
sure that nothing can resist them. I look upon to-day as
decisive of the war."
McClellan to Stanton, June 27: "Attacked by greatly su-
perior numbers, we hold our own very nearly. Had I twenty
thousand good and fresh troops, we would be sure of a splen-
did victory."
McClellan to Goldsborough, June 27: "We have met a se-
vere repulse to-day, being attacked by greatly superior num-
bers."
Lincoln to McClellan, June 28: "Save your army at all
events."
St. niton to Seward, June 29: "My inference is that Mc-
Clellan will possibly be in Richmond within two days."
Stanton to Wool, June 30: "McClellan has moved his whole
force across the Chickahominy. The position is favorable and
looks more like taking Richmond than at any time before."
McClellan to Stanton, June 30: "Another day of desperate
fighting. I am hard pressed by superior numbers. My army
behaved superbly. If none of us escape, we shall at least
have done honor to the country."
Stanton to McClellan, July i : "Hold your ground, and you
will be in Richmond before the month is over."
McClellan to Thomas, July I : "Our losses have been very
great. 1 doubt if more severe battles have ever been fought.
We have failed to win only because overpowered by superior
numbers."
McClellan to Lincoln, July 2 : "As usual, we had a severe
battle yesterday at Malvern Hill and beat the enemy badly.
We fell back here during the night. I have retired to take a
new base of operations. Prisoners say that I had 200.000 to
fight, a good deal more than two to one and they knowing the
ground."
McClellan to his army, July 4: "Attacked by vastly superior
forces, you have saved all of your guns except a few. You
have been assailed with desperate fury by men of the same
race and nationality, skillfully led and massed. Under every
disadvantage of numbers you have in every conflict beaten
back your foes with enormous slaughter. Your conduct ranks
you among the celebrated armies of history, and you can each
say with pride: 'I belonged to the Army of the Potomac.'"
Camp Fire Tales.
Fifty years is a long time to remember incidents, and there-
fore we can make allowances for the frailty of human nature
and pardon these two veterans who were comparing their ex-
periences in the Vicksburg campaign.
The first veteran stated that shortly after leaving the city
in this pursuit he was captured by a Yankee picket, hauled
before the commanding officer, and, being caught inside the
enemy's lines in citizen's clothing, there was nothing else to
be expected but a drumhead court and sudden death. How-
ever, this particular Confederate put up such a pitiful tale
of going home to his sick wife and so worked on the feelings
of the officer that the latter offered him the alternative of death
or of being the executioner of another Confederate prison-
er whom they were preparing to "dump off" in an extremely
dubious fashion. We have all heard of the humane ( ?) British
method of blowing Indian mutineers from the mouth of a
cannon, but few of us knew (according to this veteran) that
this method was resorted to in our war to try to put an end
to the Vicksburg cap traffic. At any rate, this being the first
experiment, no man chose to inaugurate the system by pulling
the lanyard ; hence the offer to our friend. He at first scorned
such a proposition ; but upon being assured that the "ascen-
sion" would take place either with or without his assistance
and realizing that his own death would do no good to the
Confederacy, also assuring himself of the fact that it is bet-
ter to be spoken of as "among those present," he very re-
luctantly pulled the string. Being asked as to the disposal of
the remains, he said that he had closed his eyes at the mo-
ment of action, and when he opened them the remains had
gone hence, and therefore he was not qualified to answer the
question intelligently. This, however, was settled by another
veteran who, getting up and shaking hands profusely with
the narrator, hailed him as his savior and stated that he him-
self was the remains of the remains ; explaining that, having
been for some time previous to this affair on a meager diet
of mule meat, it had imbued him with the characteristics of
that noble animal as to standing hard knocks; also, being in
consequence trimmed down to featherweight, he was blown
into the "Father of Waters" ; and outside of getting extremely
wet and having to wait until dark to make a landing on ac-
count of his few garments having gone in another direction.
he suffered no further harm and was thus fortunately •
to help lick the Yankees again around the camp fire.
sis H.
Of the 21,633 infantry soldiers paroled at Appomattox, every
State that fully seceded from the Union (and Maryland) was
represented. The "Empire State of the South," according to
the "Official Records," had the most men, as the following list
will show: Georgia, 5,160. representing eight brigades; North
Carolina, 4,738, representing nine brigades; Virginia, 3,131,
representing eight brigades; South Carolina. 3.045, representing
three brigades ; Alabama, 2,877, representing four brigades :
Mi-sissippi, 698, representing three brigades; three Texas and
one Arkansas regiments, 617, representing one brigade; Flor-
ida, 505, representing one brigade; eight Tennessee regiments
and one Maryland battalion, 488, representing one brigade :
Louisiana, 373, representing one brigade. This makes a total
of 21,633 officers and men of the infantry. The largest bri-
gade was Bratton's, of South Carolina, with 1,548; and the
smallest was Davis's, of Mississippi, with only 75 men. Total
of all arms paroled: General headquarters, 281; infantry
( including general officers and staffs), 22,349; cavalry (in-
cluding general officers and staffs), 1,559; artillery (including
general officers and staffs), 2,576; miscellaneous, 1,466. This
makes a total of 28,231 officers and men. Of these, 2.781 were
commissioned officers and 25,450 noncommissioned officers and
privates, or an average of about nine per cent to every officer.
This shows that the latter were either better stickers or had
more reputation to live up to. At any rate, every man who
stayed to the bitter end should have his name perpetuated,
and it would be a great work for the Sons of Confederate
Veterans of each State to make an effort with this end in view.
Pious Puritans sent their ships to ply among the middle-
passage and deemed that they were doing God and man a
service to transport benighted savages to serve an enlightened
and Christian people. Pious and philanthropic Churchmen
bought these slaves as they might have bought any other
chattels. — Thomas Xclsou Page.
262
^opfederat^ l/eterap.
WAS IT MURDER?
BY FLORA E. STEVENS.
[The story of the incident on which this poem is founded
was published in the New York Sun about thirty years ago.
The writer was a young Union soldier.]
The land was gorgeous with sunset, as a great rose burned
the sky,
And flaming far to the waters was the day too rare to die.
Sweeping with foam of fires, weeping of seas that bled.
The shores dipped to the deep, light the boats blown like birds
of red.
Hour of triumph and trumpet, royal for living as was
The moon and the crest of the summer and fit for a strong
soul to pass.
Red-gold the vapor behind us; the battle had gathered its
cloud ;
The war drums were beating before us ; the song of the bugles
was loud.
Through all the wearying months, O full they were tierce
there of fire,
Ever we climbed the heights, e'er scornful the foe stood
higher.
What though we pushed our flags up. up where the eaglets
flew?
Streaming still proudly above them the colors of Stonewall
blew.
Front and column and rear, they scourged, they smote us
each day,
Pressed back through the thickening woods by the ruined mill
to the fray.
Straight by the ancient ledge that frowned along the stream
The fog of gray rolled o'er us; their weapons did cut to
gleam.
'Twas the hour when the fountain smoked its silver against
the day;
Lang'rous the hour and blue, with longing of ease and of May.
A fair-haired lad in front as they charged, his eyes steel-true ;
The red mists of war were heavy, more deadly the conflict
yet grew.
I raised my gun to that breast; his musket was emptied there
too;
For mercy a plea in his eyes, proud defiance then flashed me
in lieu.
Drew I then. He fell. 'Twas shame-seared, scorching my
soul for this ;
Yet war is murder alone; Mars god of demons, I wis.
There was mourning by some savanna, a Georgia cot grief-
stirred ;
There were shrieks in my ears of "murder" that none of my
comrades heard.
Swaying, we swerved back, back, mile, mile, on to Malvern
Hill;
We knew that floating above us high were the colors of
Stonewall still.
We faced for an onward charge there, forward hurled, when
lo,
Like a wraith there rose before me my fair-haired Georgia
foe.
He had but escaped my ball — how? 'Twas seraphim, miracle.
Did he turn from me now his gun? None but the angels
may tell.
Rang loud 'gainst his cheek my shot; my foe had I surely
slain.
With his face in the grass I left him; I could not look o'er
him again.
Fevered and wearied, borne on to a hospital ward;
Week stole on week ere I crept forth slow to the strife.-
dyed sward.
Again at Antietam we ranged, 'gain wavering back, fell,
spent.
A brave force thundered upon us, while, pale from a hospital
tent,
His cheek fresh scarred, the youth did front me, his foeman
once more,
Unloaded our muskets this hour ; 'twas not malice the fair
lad bore.
He knew me; twice had I sought his life. His gun did lower;
we faced.
In my belt was a weapon yet, fury black through my veins
mad raced.
Hissed 'gainst the brow again my ball. Swooning, he reeled
and fell ;
But my throat was too husky for cheers. I sank in the pit
and the hell.
Stout for the Wilderness fray, we were caught as in terrible
jaws ;
Thundered "Surrender !" the foeman, the victor's strong voice
that awes.
Ghostly stood straight up before me "the boy," but shattered,
wan, weak ;
In that hour all anguished and ashen, not vengeance he
pressed on to seek.
"For God's sake surrender, surrender!'' he lowered his gun
to plead ;
But the spirit of seven fiends urged me on e'en to the mon-
ster's own deed.
Aye, a load in my musket was left me. I fired; we were so
near.
The hand of avengers fell deadly; I dropped in my madness
and fear.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
263
In my thirst and terrible dream I raved, then calmer grew
and slept,
After long hours to wake, to start. The grasses that round
me soft crept
Were thick with the red dews of war. A figure beside me
cold lay;
'Twas the slender Georgia hero, so young in his ball-pierced
gray.
I had slain him at last ; his blood was on the ground, his
breast, his lips.
Not all at once had he died, though ; 'twas his hand had in
death's eclipse
My head on his blanket pillowed ; 'twas water from his can-
teen
Had quenched my thirst and made tents of forgiveness the
scene.
The day did glow into sunset, but never I cared or knew
If above our troopers in triumph the colors of Stonewall blew.
The boy of Gaines's Mill, Malvern Hill, Antietam I had mur-
dered at last,
And never a day has dawned in the years that closed and
have passed
That I have not cursed myself, for a crime forgiveness do
crave
Of God of the wondrous soul who the dark field made pure
with his grave.
MAJ. JAMES D. TRUSS.
Replying to some inquiry about Maj. James D. Truss, of
the 10th Alabama Regiment, who lived in Nashville some
time after the war, the following interesting data was fur-
nished by G. L. Turnley, of Cold Springs, Tex. :
"At the beginning of the war Maj. James D. Truss lived
at Trussville, in St. Clair County, Ala., just across Coosa
River from Calhoun County, in which I lived and was reared.
Early in 1861 Major Truss raised a company, which became
Company F of the 10th Alabama Infantry. Truss was cap-
tain.
"Major Truss was a good, substantial farmer and mer-
chant, as I remember, and considered one of the best, truest,
and most substantial citizens and patriots of our land.
Toward the second or third year of the war he was pro-
moted to major of the 10th Alabama. He made a splendid,
brave, and faithful soldier and officer. He was simply a
noble specimen of an earnest man, plain and simple and un-
ostentatious in all his walks and ways, and, so far as I knew
or heard, he was greatly beloved by all his command and by
his neighbors at home both before and after the war. Some-
time in the third year of the war (I think it was}, after the
battle of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania on down the line
toward Richmond, he had some trouble with J. C. C. Saun-
ders, quite a young man, scarcely over twenty-one, who had
been brevetted brigadier and placed in command of our
regiment. Major Truss always felt that this man treated
him very unjustly. At any rate, Major Truss resigned as
major of the regiment and then carried a musket as a private
in his old company and regiment, I think, till the close, or
nearly so, of the war. I never knew just how the matter was
adjusted; but I do know that Major Truss was highly re-
garded by all of his regiment. Especially did Gen. William
H. Forney, who returned from prison, having been captured
badly wounded at Gettysburg, always speak in the highest
terms and praise of Major Truss both as a man, soldier, and
officer. General Forney had the highest regard and attach-
ment for him always after the war as well, as also did my
father and other old citizens who had known Major Truss
nearly all his life. I doubt if there was any one in the army
who knew him better or more of his real feelings than I did.
"This reminds me of an incident that occurred on the picket
lines before Richmond and just before the Seven Days' Bat-
tles. Captain Truss was in command of the picket line next
to the enemy, and the men were stationed some thirty steps
apart, which put them just out of sight of each other, as the
undergrowth was so thick and dense that you could not see
from one post to the other. Two men were placed at each
post, so that if one was shot the other might give the alarm
We were told that the enemy had spies inside of our lines
trying to escape with news and others were trying to slip
in between posts, and we were instructed to keep a vigilant
watch and to fire at any noise, even a stick breaking; for
any one could crawl or slip right up to within ten steps in
some places without being seen. The main thing was to let
none pass without the countersign and password, etc.
"Well, after several hours some one rode up just behind
the post I was on. Bill Whorton, I think, was the man with
me on my post; either Whorton or Bill Moragne, of Eto-
wah County. Ala., at Gadsden. I halted this man, and just
behind him came another and then another; but all halted.
They were not in regular uniform, rather singularly dressed,
and behaved rather queerly; so I demanded the countersign,
and he made some sign which I could not recognize. He
again tried another and then a third. By this time I imagined
we had caught somebody; yet I could not help but feel that
it was some of our own men. Anyway, I told them they
would have to go with me to the officer of the line, which
they readily agreed to do after some parleying and a deter-
mined command. So off I took them, leaving my partner to
keep post. There was a very dim trail down our line, and
this man, riding ahead, got a few steps in advance of me,
when one of the men in the rear leaned over and asked me
if I knew who that was I had arrested. I told him no. He
then said that it was General Mahone. I immediately cried
out for him to halt and, stopping him. said to him: 'Now
you ride slower and right along here by my side and don't
get ahead of me any more.' In some hundred yards or so
we came up with Captain Truss, when this man. after they
exchanged the usual salutations, said to Truss: 'One of your
men here has got me arrested. Captain.' Captain Truss then
said to me: 'Why, George, didn't you know this is General
Mahone? He is all right. George.' General Mahone then
said he was glad to see us so watchful and complimented me
for it. Then, turning, he said. T will now give you the right
sign.' which he did. That was my first personal knowledge
of Mahone. but I learned to know and see his fighting quali-
ties better and at closer range after that. We had no gamer
man in all the Confederate army than 'Billy' Mahone."
E. H. Strait. Ottawa. Ill : "The Veteran is good reading,
and I think it is growing letter each month. I like to read
it. for I was one of the hoys in blue, or Yanks, and it's good
to read what the Johnnies fought about, the little ball players.
I caught five on the fly and have the marks and one of the
halls yet. and that is not bad for forty-one months' service."
264
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
THIS REUNITED COUNTRY.
BY W. E. DOYLE, TEAGUE, TEX.
Many of our army officers and many people in the North
want what they call a Continental Army instead of the Na-
tional Guard we now have, because the former can be sent
out of the limits of the United States, while the latter cannot.
Secretary Garrison resigned because the President would not
favor the continental plan. Many of our military aristocrats
favor Federal laws which will force able-bodied men into
military service in time of peace, as has long been the law in
Germany, thus in a measure turning our country into a quasi-
military camp.
Northern greed resulted in expansion at a price of unnum-
bered millions, and those to us worthless "islands of the sea"
cannot be successfully defended in the event of war with a
foreign power, and they, therefore, actually weaken our de-
fense at home.
Evidently a majority of the people have gone wild on war
or, rather, on preparation for war. This craze was started,
no doubt, 'by the red-tape West Pointers and the big muni-
tions interests. With an army of less than 100,000 men, places
are few and promotions slow. Therefore it is natural that all the
West Pointers should favor an army of at least 500,000 men.
Such an army would make more than five times as many
places as we now have, with grades and promotions to match.
The .government has built up and is now maintaining in
this country a military aristocracy. The daughters of the
"higher-ups" are reared to worship gold lace and brass but-
tons, and it follows that they marry young army officers, and
thus the aristocracy is exclusive and continuing. No officer
of the South has attained to high rank since the war and likely
never will. This military aristocracy seems to exist and be
regulated by Northern political influence. This influence raised
Dr. Leonard Wood to the rank of major general and later
to chief of staff over a number of West Pointers from the
South who ranked him in 1898. The Doctor as a surgeon
ranked as major, and he was, therefore, an eligible aristocrat,
and the "political influence" lifted him up. He is not a West
Pointer, I believe.
Our modern orators often speak of this "great reunited
country," while the North, in fact, has no love or use for
the South except in so far as we can be made hewers of wood
and drawers of water for them. The bloody shirt is still in
evidence when a Southern man is mentioned for the Presi-
dency. This has been the case for half a century, and it will
continue indefinitely. Should a Southern Democrat be nomi-
nated for President, doubtless three-fourths of the Northern
Democrats would vote for a Northern Republican instead.
Northern Democrats voted for Wilson because they con-
sidered him a Northern man. Northern votes "bilked" the
cotton growers of the South out of $60,000,000 more than
fifty years ago and unjustly hold it till this good day. And
now when something is said about the government pension-
ing Confederate soldiers the North takes the jimjams at
once, notwithstanding that during the war the Northern sol-
diers stole, burned, and wasted enough property in the South
to have maintained all the indigent Confederates for life. And,
in addition to this, the South has paid millions to pension the
Union soldiers. The North wants to fill all high places, both
civil and military, with Northern men. It may not be long till
the North forces war with some foreign country (possibly
Germany), and then it will expect the Southern part of this
"great reunited country" to furnish the soldiers for Northern
commanders.
Military Training.
"President Harris, of Northwestern University, hit a great
big spike squarely on the head and drove it home when he
said he could see no good in military training in universities
unless the United States availed itself of the men trained. It
is of small use, he declared, for men to spend time acquiring
military knowledge and experience and then be told by the
government to stand aside." The foregoing is an excerpt
from the San Antonio Light.
The Light and President Harris seem to think that any man
with military education is a warrior and should have place.
A man to be a warrior must have other qualifications besides
a military education. General Bragg and General Burnside
were historic illustrations of this fact. Some men make great
commanders without any military education. Generals For-
rest, Hampton, John B. Gordon, Logan, and Miles belonged
to this class.
A man possessed of a military talent is aided materially by
a military education, but without that talent all the military
education that can be given him cannot make a commander of
him.
The private soldiers made the War between the States
famous in several particulars, and but few of them knew the
first principles of the drill when the war began. Therefore
I am persuaded that the greatness of a commander depends
in a great measure on the intelligence, coolness, self-reliance,
courage, and determination of the soldiers he commands.
"Wheeler's Raid into Tennessee."
By the article in the Veteran for January under the above
heading General Wheeler is made the greatest cavalry leader
produced by the war. It is stated that General Wheeler was
engaged in two hundred battles and six hundred skirmishes.
That being the case, it must be admitted that he engaged in
more battles than Stuart, Forrest, and Hampton all together.
If General Wheeler fought but one battle. I have overlooked
it in history. He fought the battle of Dover (or Donelson)
in February, 1863, against the protest of Forrest, and lost.
Stuart fought the battles of Brandy Station and Upperville;
Forrest fought the battles of Bryce's Crossroads, Harrisburg,
and Fort Pillow ; and it took a three days' battle at Trevilian,
the longest cavalry engagement of the war, for Hampton to
defeat Sheridan. General Wheeler was a brave, patriotic,
good soldier, did his duty well, and his celebrated raid into
Tennessee was a great success, but no battle resulted.
Though a West Pointer, General Wheeler did not attain to
the rank of lieutenant general. Forrest, John B. Gordon, and
Wade Hampton, though without military training, won that
rank. President Davis gave it, not because he wanted to,
but because their services forced him to do it. Davis and
Bragg were West Pointers, and they did not think a man
capable of command who was not educated in their school.
It was this prejudice that deprived Forrest of his command
after Chickamauga and gave it to Wheeler; not because the
latter had done more good service than Forrest, but simply
because Wheeler was a West Pointer.
Bragg knew so little about war and men that he did not
know he had won a victory at Chickamauga until the day
after the battle. It doubtless would have been much better
for the Confederate cause if President Davis had laid aside
his prejudice, kicked Bragg out, and placed Forrest in com-
mand of the Army of Tennessee just after the battle of Chick-
amauga instead of depriving him of his trained soldiers and
turning them over to General Wheeler.
Qotyfederat^ tfeterai).
265
OLD JERRY.
■ EV ANNIE LAURIE SHARKEY, ST. LOUIS, MO.
[From tales told by her uncle.]
How memory brings up the faithful service of this old
slave ! Old Jerry was not old in years, but all of Company
C knew him as Old Jerry, belonging to a private in that
company. Jerry's make-up might have been the cause of his
being dubbed "Old," as he was of very large body and short
legs, his feet turning out when he walked and his head being
almost nude of wool. Jerry was very black, but he claimed
that he was of "ginger cake color, but sorter scorched."
Jerry was a merry, laughing, obliging servant, and his laugh
was musical and contagious. No member of Company C
ever called on Jerry for a favor that did not get a promise;
but often he could not fulfill his promises, as they were too
many and varied. Jerry had been reared on a large farm in
H County and, on account of the formation of his legs and
feet, was taught the blacksmith's trade, as his kind master did
not think he could stand the plow. The old master was dead,
and the indulgent mistress of Jerry and mother of the sol-
dier insisted that Jerry should be the bodyservant of C, as
the mistress had so much confidence in Terry's fealty to his
young master and the Southern cause.
Although it left the plantation without a blacksmith, Jerry
and his young master entered the army of the Confederacy
very early in the beginning of the war. Every member of
Company C had confidence in Jerry, and they often gave him
large sums of Confederate money to forage the surrounding
country when in camp. Never did Old Jerry fail to get their
money's worth, nor did he ever embezzle any funds. Jerry was
very polite, especially to "white ladies," as he called all white
women. As all ladies were glad to help the soldiers and
Jerry's description of their suffering was so vivid, little money
had to be used to fill haversacks or canteens. Terry always
put the members of Company C as the heroes ol Ins stories
and his young master as the principal actor in deeds of
chivalry. Although his master was very young and never a
neat dresser and far from being a lady's man, Jerry always
made him out to the young ladies as a regular gallant and to
the old ladies as a "boy." Jerry was a regular war corre-
spondent as to the news from the front when on his foraging
trips, and he never carried any news of defeat: but all was
victory for the Confederacy with him.
On one occasion, in the memorable Georgia campaign of
1864, Jerry was given money from all the company and told
to go beyond the range of the Buttermilk Cavalry in the rear
and buy anything to cat he could find. His master's pass was
all he needed ; but Jerry had his pass countersigned by the
captain, as, to his mind, that gave his pass a military look and
seemed more soldierlike. As the mountainous country of
North Georgia was sparsely settled and the land on the rocky
and sandy hills not very fertile, Jerry had to go a long dis-
tance to find a "cove" where provisions were more plentiful
and the soldiers had not already foraged. In this cove were
several large plantations, and few soldiers had been in that
isolated cove.
Jerry was in his "elements," as he called it, and the news
of the front was eagerly sought by the women, only a few
old men being left there, and Jerry could tell things as an eye-
witness. Jerry found one house where the lady had charge
of her husband's farm, he being an officer in the Virginia
Army. Jerry had the lady and two sweet girls about six-
teen and eighteen years old to listen to his tales of heroism
of Company C and his young master. His young master was
ribed as a model dresser, cleanly even in the ditches of
the front, and very brave, often leading the company in its
many charges and always with success. The mistress of the
plantation loaded Jerry down with everything eatable that he
wanted — a nice sugar-cured ham. several chickens, six or
eight dozen biscuits baked especially for him, a jug of pure
molasses, and, best of all, a haversack full of shelled peanuts.
Jerry had made his young master out a very rich planter, the
number of slaves on the plantation running up into hundreds
and the plantation he owned reaching from Big Black to
Pearl River.
After spending the night in the negro quarters, early the
next morning Jerry came to the big house to bid the lad
good-by. While talking to them he spied two large COVt
army wagons up the road leading to the house, and, to his
consternation, in the first wagon was this "Adonis" he had
just been describing to the girls. Ragged, dirty, and pinched
by hunger and exposure to the summer sun, naturally dark,
he was as black as an Indian. Jerry hurriedly left the ladies
to meet the wagon. He stopped it and began thus: "Marse
C, what in the name ob God is you doin' drivin' that ole
wagin fur? Ah is surprised that you got down to be a com-
mon wagin driver." C. explained that it was his time to do
fatigue duty, and the wagon driver was sick, and he had been
detailed to come here after a load of corn for the officers'
horses.
Jerry though'. f"r a moment and then said: "Now. boss.
Ah's been with you all thu dis wah. and Ah want you to do
me a big favor. Doan' tell the folks at the house yoh nai
and doan' tell 'em even what company you b'long to. Ah
sho' has got a good lot of things to eat, and Ah had to stritch
the blanket a little about who Ah belonged to. Yoh is lookin'
worse dan Ah cber seed you — no coat an' dat old torn shirt
an' dat pine straw hat doan' mek yoh look like yohself. \h
will take the wagin back to load it too and tell the ladies
that Ah knowed the wagin driver, an' he promised to let me
ride back to camp fur loadin' the wagin fur him. Yoh do
as Ah says, and Ah sho'ly will be mighty glad."
As C. was not fond of work, he readily agreed to the trade
and sat down to raw ham, biscuits, and molasses, and finished
off with peanuts. When the wagons were loaded and Jerry
came back with the wagon, C. got in and began: "Jerry, yon
must have told those ladies a lot of lies to bring such a big
supply of grub, and, besides, you were afraid to let me go up
there and tell the whole truth."
Jerry replied : "Ah wa'n't so skeered ob what yoh saved
as Ah was ob what yoh looked. Ah tole dem pretty white
ladies yoh wore good clothes, an' yoh sho'ly 'ain't got on good
clothes to-day. Ah tole dem yoh eben kep' clean in de
ditches, an' Ah am sho' not a man in dat piney wood Company
K is as dirty as yoh is. Ah sho'ly am goin' to stop at de fust
creek an' wash yoh clean one time an' wash dem clothes too
if dey will hoi' together."
When Jerry got back to the wagon train and C. had taken
his place in the trenches again and the rations had been eaten
by the company, the story leaked out of Jerry's description of
his boss and his boss's actual looks. Jerry on reaching home
after the war told this story to his old mistress and said:
"Miss Tilda, Ah neber seed de boss look so ragged endurin*
de whole wah as he looked dat mawnin'."
Miss Tilda said : "Well, Jerry, if he looked any worse than
when he reached home, he surely was quite different from
your description of him to the good lady and her daughters."
266
(^oi?federat^ l/eteraij.
MY GEORGIA.
BY WILLIE HUBERT ESTABROOK.
(A present-day reply to "Georgia, My Georgia.")
Thy name is still a name of pride.
We honor those who nobly died
That thou mightst be the spotless bride
Of liberty, my Georgia.
But when the foeman's stronger band
Crushed all thy hopes on every hand.
From out the ashes, brave and grand,
Arose my noble Georgia.
Though in the dust our souls did kneel,
Our hearthstones battered down by steel,
Deep in our hearts thou made us feel
We must arouse for Georgia.
So, buckling on our courage strong,
We strove with trials hard and long
And found at eventide a song
Of love for thee, my Georgia.
The years roll by, all strife is dead,
All signs of war's alarms are fled,
And peace and wealth are o'er thee spread-
Prosperity is thine, my Georgia.
There's now no North, South, East, or West;
Our ensign is the eagle's crest;
In all the land there's none more blest
Than thee, my native Georgia.
Thy sons supply the nation's need ;
In every sphere of life they lead;
On battle field thy soldiers bleed.
My Georgia, O my Georgia !
Thy hills are green, thy skies are blue,
Thy mountains sparkle in the dew ;
There is none more fair, none more true.
My royal, loyal Georgia.
TRUTH IS MIGHTY.
BY RICHARD D. STEUART, BALTIMORE, MD.
"Truth crushed to earth shall rise again." One of the sad-
dest things about defeat is that the loser has to submit to
all manner of calumny. For years after Appomattox the
South was the victim of slander and falsehood heaped high —
the Surratt case, the Wirz trial (the two darkest blots on the
country's escutcheon), the Andersonville stories, the Fort
Pillow massacre, and a host of others circulated by rabid
politicians in an effort to justify the horrors of Reconstruc-
tion.
Time works wonders, though, and one by one these bubble
lies have been pricked by the pen of fact. Every intelligent
American, except a few who still prefer to remain in dark-
ness so far as the War between the States is concerned, knows
that the South did not fight to perpetuate slavery, that the
right of secession was believed by statesmen North and South
to be guaranteed by the Constitution, that the suffering among
Union prisoners in the South was due primarily to the re-
fusal of the Washington administration to exchange prison-
ers, that President Davis and other Confederate officials
were horrified by the assassination of Lincoln, that Mrs. Sur-
ratt had nothing to do with that crime, that the burning of
Chambersburg was in retaliation for the burning and de-
struction by Hunter and others in Virginia, and that Cham-
bersburg and Lawrence were the only two Northern towns
put to the torch by the Confederates, where a score of
Southern towns were burned by the invaders.
There are still a few more lies which need puncturing.
Only recently two of them which have survived the war by
half a century have been given the death blow. And, as has
usually been the case, the refutation of the slanders comes
from Northern sources.
We all know the story of the Confederate cruiser Florida,
captured in the neutral port of Bahia, Brazil, by the Union
warship Wachusett. The taking of the Florida was such a
flagrant violation of the rights of a neutral that even the
Washington administration could not approve of it. An
apology was offered to Brazil, and the Florida was ordered
surrendered. Before this was carried out, however, the
Florida was accidentally sunk in Hampton Roads, and the
North was spared the humiliation of surrendering the ves-
sel to a third-rate power. For years the South has contended
that the sinking of the Florida was deliberate, while North-
ern writers have insisted that it was an accident, as reported
at the time.
Now comes that Grand Old Party organ, the Philadelphia
Press, with an interesting story about Henry A. Tolbert, a
well-known resident of Barnegat, N. J., and a man highly re-
spected in his community. Tolbert, who was a mechanic on
the ironclad Atlanta, in Hampton Roads, says that about mid-
night a boat's crew was called, and, after placing axes and
augurs in the boat, the order was given to row to the Florida,
lying at anchor near by. Once on board, they were ordered
to open the sea cocks and to bore holes in the ship. The
water was soon pouring in like a sieve, says Tolbert.
With the guards who had been stationed on the Florida, the
crew then took to the boat and rowed a short distance away.
There they lay on their oars and watched the Confederate
cruiser take her final plunge. Then they returned to the
Atlanta. Next morning showed only the topmasts of the
Florida above water. Mr. Tolbert adds that the accident
story served to satisfy both sides. Perhaps it did at that
time, but not now. History demands the truth.
The other fake recently exposed relates to the "trial" of
Capt. Henry Wirz, a martyr, if ever there was one. The
Northern Radicals were yelling for blood, and Wirz was
selected as the victim. It was realized that he must be con-
victed by hook or by crook — anything for evidence against
him.
A Baltimore photographer was sent to Annapolis, Md., by
the government to photograph Union prisoners of war re-
cently released from Andersonville. He received implicit
instructions to photograph only the worst cases — men in the
last stages of horrible disease. He carried out instructions
to the letter. Soon afterwards the photographer, a stanch
Union man, learned that the photographs were to be used as
evidence of brutality at Andersonville. The idea that his
work was to help to swear away a man's life was too much
for the photographer, and he protested. He was advised to
keep quiet. The photographer said emphatically that if he were
put on the stand he would tell just what the photographs
showed. As a result of this statement he was not called to
testify at the Wirz trial. To-day that photographer, David
Bachrach, is one of the best-known citizens of Baltimore, a
man active in every movement for civic betterment. A month
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
267
ago in an article in the American Photographer he told the
story of his mission to Annapolis in 1865 and the result.
"Confederate Postmaster of Maryland."
Passing the sunset days of life in the peace and quietude of
the Aged Men's Home, Baltimore, is Thomas M. Webb, who,
although he never fired a shot for Southern independence,
served the Confederacy faithfully and well. Webb, who was
a local merchant when the war broke out, became known as
the Confederate postmaster of Maryland. He was known
to Southern sympathizers in Baltimore as the directing head
of the underground railway by which supplies and medicines
were sent to Lee's army.
It is a historical fact that two of the finest uniforms worn
by Gen. R. E. Lee were made in Maryland, money for them
being donated by women of Baltimore and of Frederick and
Carroll Counties. To Webb was intrusted the difficult task
of delivering both these uniforms.
There were two routes by which letters and parcels from
Maryland might be sent into Virginia. One of these crossed
the line by the Potomac Ferry at St. Mary's. This was the
route usually taken by Capt. Harry A. Steuart, of Baltimore,
who carried large supplies of medicines and ammunition to
the South. It was on one of these trips that Steuart, who
was only twenty years old. was captured and taken to Old
Capitol Prison, Washington, where he was killed in an at-
tempt to escape.
The other way was a roundabout, but less dangerous, route,
via Frederick, Hagerstown, and Charlestown. One of the
uniforms was sent by way of Western Maryland ; the other
went by way of St. Mary's. Just nine days after the sur-
render at Appomattox Webb was surprised to receive one
of the uniform coats he had sent to General Lee. It was re-
turned to him at Lee's request. Recently Webb gave the
coat to one of the Lee family.
Before the war, when General Lee as colonel of engineers
of the old army was engaged in building Fort Carroll in
Baltimore Harbor, he lived on Madison Avenue. Webb had
a cigar store at Madison and Garden Streets, and General
Lee often went into his store for a chat. The friendship
lasted until Lee's death. Webb says he sent General Lee all
the hats the General wore from the outbreak of the war until
his death.
Mr. Webb was born in Baltimore March 17. 1S33, and as a
member of Company C, City Guards Battalion, he saw service
at Harper's Ferry at the time of the John Brown raid
A BOY SOLDIER OF ALABAMA.
Dr. John A. Wyeth, the eminent surgeon of Xew York
City, is a son of Alabama, of whom the State is worthily
proud. He grew up in the pioneer village of Guntersville,
on the Tennessee River, and in his "Autobiography of a Sol-
dier and Surgeon" he gives many interesting incidents of
those quiet years, which were in such strong contrast to the
stirring scenes following the approach to manhood and the
later life of ambitious fulfillment After a few years in the
county schools, he was in LaGrange Military Academy a
year, then to the war, and in prison also before the end of
it. Few can review a life of greater accomplishment. From
a boy on a Southern plantation through the experiences of
a Confederate cavalryman, student of medicine, manager of
a cotton plantation, building contractor, steamboat pilot. New
York doctor, he has become the greatest surgeon of the
world, author, scientist, and philanthropist, and withal is
still at heart just the boy of ideals and dreams who grew up
in the restful confines of old Alabama. His poems have been
published in different magazines. Those given on this page
are especially appreciated for their sentiment
My Sweetheart's Face.
My kingdom is my sweetheart's face,
And these the boundaries I trace :
Northward her forehead fair;
Beyond a wilderness of auburn hair;
A rosy cheek to east and west ;
Her little mouth.
The sunny South.
It is the South that I love best.
Her eyes, two crystal lakes.
Rippling with light
Caught from the sun by day.
The stars by night.
The dimples in
Her cheeks and chin
Are snares which Love hath set,
And I have fallen in.
A Southern Rose.
".. ,le Married to a French Nobleman.)
Beneath the sky
Where you and I
Were born, where beauty grows,
Up from the sod
At touch of God
There sprang a stately rose.
It grew, and men in wonderment
Beheld the beauteous thing.
Alas ! for Hope which wooing went
And Love which sorrowing •
Learns that the flower it loves the best,
The one it guards the tenderest,
The hand of Fate transplants. •
Our Southern rose
Now sweetly grows
Among the hills of France.
Go search the gardens of Vende.
Which poets long have sung ;
Go cull the flowers that blush the hills
Of Picardie among.
Land of romance ! v
Fair land of France !
With all your glorious flowers.
Lilies of old
And cloth of gold.
We needs must lend you ours.
Right well, I guess,
For loveliness,
For beauty in repose.
There is no lily in all France
Can match our Southern rose.
26S
Qoi)federat<? l/eterai?.
THROUGH THE VALLEY.
EY F. P. TRAYL0K, BENTONVILLE. ARK.
Down the path that threads the valley.
Fanned by winter's chilling blast.
Quickly now the old guards sally
Through the gloom into the past.
Strong in hope that a to-morrow
Will conserve the fading light,
They rejoice, though clouds of sorrow-
Usher in the long, long night.
But withal this path of duty.
binding back across the years.
Stands aloof, a thing of beauty.
Unconcealed by blood and tears.
And, behold, the sunset glory
In the wake of fading day
Adds thereto a sheen of glory
That shall never pass away.
in this position he was offered a place on the staff of Gen.
Felix K. Zollicoffer, which he declined, loyally preferring to
remain with and lead this company of men who had honored
him with their confidence and esteem. Later he was pro-
moted to the command of Ballentine's Regiment, composed
of West Tennessee and North Mississippi men. The devo-
tion of the men who served under him has rarely been
equaled, and his gallant conduct under all circumstances in-
spired their firmest confidence. One who served under him
in those days which tried souls has recently written to his
bereaved family this beautiful tribute :
"Colonel Ballentine was one of God's noblemen, kind to
bis men in war and always thoughtful of their comfort in
battle or in camp. He led his regiment in battle, always in
the forefront and ready to enter single combat with any man
in the Yankee ranks who dared to cross swords with him.
His enthusiastic demeanor in the thickest of battle was an
inspiration to his men, who followed him with that trusting
devotion which dispelled fear."
In May, 1862, a Federal force was sent out in the direction
of Paris and Dresden, Tenn., for the capture of medical sup-
plies reported to have been sent out from Paducah to the
Confederate army. Colonel Ballentine. with five companies
of his regiment, followed the trail of this expedition thirty-
six hours without stopping, overtook them at Lockridge's
Mill, surprised the pickets, charged the Federals, and pursued
them in hot chase fourteen miles. In this charge Colonel
Ballentine was especially conspicuous for gallant bearing and
use of saber and pistols. He engaged in a hand-to-hand
combat with a brave Federal officer, who several times pierced
Colonel Ballentine's coat, and one vicious thrust removed the
COL. JOHX GOFF BALLENTINE.
EV MRS. GRACE MEREDITH NEWB1LL.
John Goff Ballentine was born in Pulaski, Giles County,
Tenn., May 20, 1825, son of Andrew Mitchell and Mary
Tuttle (Goff) Ballentine, of Scotch-Irish descent. His
father as a valiant young Irish soldier fought under Lord
Wellington, and immediately following the defeat of Na-
poleon he emigrated to America, coming direct to Tennessee
and to Pulaski.
Colonel Ballentine was a man of splendid personality and
brilliant intellect. He graduated from Wurtemberg Academy
in 1841, from the University of Nashville in 1845, and from
Harvard in 1848. At the time of his death he was the oldest
living graduate of the University of Nashville and was a
member of Harvard Law School Association. One of his
Harvard professors was Henry W. Longfellow and another
Simon Greenleaf. He began the practice of law in Pulaski,
Tenn., in association with Judge Bramlitt and was soon
recognized as a lawyer of ability. He belonged to Living-
ston Law School, of New York, and was a delegate at dif-
ferent times to Jackson, Miss., to assist in the rehabilitation
of the State.
Soon after his marriage, in 1854, he moved to Mississippi,
thence to Memphis, Tenn., where he was practicing his pro-
fession at the outbreak of the War between the States. As
a soldier in the army of the Confederate States Colonel Bal-
lentine was noted for his superb courage, dash, and all the
fine qualities which go to make a perfect soldier. In 1861
he enlisted as a private in the Shelby County Dragoons and
was soon elevated to the command of this company. While
COL. JOHN G. BALLENTINE.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
269
brim from the soft felt hat worn by him. Realizing that in
this Federal he had a foeman worthy of his steel, Colonel
Ballentine made a desperate thrust, piercing the side of his
opponent, who surrendered, and before dying he expressed
admiration for the man who slew him and asked that he
accept his horse, saddle, and saber. Perhaps on account of
this incident Gen. C. V. Smith, in command of the Federals
at Paducah, set a price on Colonel Ballentine's head. Later
Gen. Leonidas Polk sent Colonel Ballentine under flag of
truce into General Smith's lines to bring out relatives of
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. With characteristic gallantry
and manly demeanor he so impressed his foe that later they
became warm personal friends. Colonel Ballentine was with
Gen. Van Dorn at the time of his death, entering the room
just as his assassin was passing out, and received as a dying
bequest the General's cavalry pistols, which are now a valued
relic in the Ballentine family. With the modesty character-
istic of a brave nature, Colonel Ballentine refrained from
discussing these thrilling events; but occasionally, when he
could be induced to do so for a few chosen friends, his lan-
guage was so elegant and convincing, his gestures so line and
graceful, his love for the cause so great that we sat in mute
admiration and did not wonder that the men who served
under him delighted to do him honor.
Colonel Ballentine was wounded in 1864 in front of Sher-
111, mi in the Georgia campaign. On General Hood's retreat
he was ordered to remain behind and police the Tennessee
River. Hood's army in retreat passed through Pulaski,
Colonel Ballentine's home town, and in sight of his boyhood
home. He was the last Confederate to cross Richland Bridge,
defending his retreat with his saber. Just before the col-
lapse of the Confederacy he was notified that he had been
made brigadier general, with instructions to report to Gen.
Dick Taylor for his commission ; but when he reached Selma
all was confusion, General Taylor had packed and gone, and
the Confederal \ was defeated. Soon after the close of the war
Colonel Ballentine returned to his native town, Pulaski. He
represented this district with conspicuous loyalty and ability
in the Forty-Eighth and Forty-Ninth Congresses, refusing
nomination for a third term on account of failing health. In
1S54 lie was married to Miss Mary E. Laird, who, with five
children, survives him.
From the little town of Pulaski, which witnessed his birth
and which had felt the impulse of his upright deeds during
the years of his long and honored life, the soul of Colonel
Ballentine went forth in peace to his exceeding great reward
on the morning of November 23, 1915, aged ninety years.
Perhaps no other man was more tenderly cherished and
reverenced by family and friends, and no man ever evinced
more loyal devotion in return. He was a forceful, successful
man of the highest personal integrity. His uprightness of
purpose in public or private life was never questioned. The
character of unspotted honor that he has left to his children
is their proudest heritage, and the entire community is in
loving sympathy with them because of the passing of a
revered husband and father, while Pulaski and Giles County
mourn the loss of their oldest and most honored citizen.
The sketch of Capt. William B. Prichard appearing in the
Veteran for January, page 9, contained a slight error which
it is thought well to correct. He was only twenty-five years
old at the time of becoming connected with the Virginia Mil-
itary Institute ; and instead of being a full professor, as stated,
he was Assistant Commandant and Assistant Professor of
Mathematics.
ROBERT J. RHOriES.
Robert J. Rhodes.
Robert J. Rhodes, one of the most prominent men of
Whiteville, Tenn., and an honored Confederate veteran, passed
into eternal rest February 29, 1916.
Mr. Rhodes was born in Fayette County August 11. 1844.
and was married to Miss Martha Neville April 15, 1865. He
leaves this loyal, noble wife, a devoted daughter, Mrs. Roberts,
of Hot Springs,
Ark., and a faith-
ful son, Festers
Rhodes, cashier of
the People's Bank.
Whiteville, Tenn.
At the age of
seventeen Robert
Rhodes enlisted
with Capt. C. S.
Schuyler, Com-
pany E. Forrest's
"Id regiment, at
New C a s 1 1 e,
March 12, 1862.
Soon after he
was sworn into
service at Somer-
ville and fought
faithfully and
bravely through-
out the war. A
faithful Confeder-
ate to the end, he
missed but one
Reunion in his life. He loved the gray and treasured the
small bronze cross. He was ever thoughtful of the old vet-
erans and in many ways added to their happiness. At any
public meeting it was his great pleasure to have his old com-
rades share the very best. He loved to entertain them. He
was a patriot; he loved his country; he loved his State; he
loved his kind.
Clad in his gray uniform and resting in a casket of gray,
1 he "clay tenement" of the grand old Christian soldier was
lowered by loving hands into the bosom of mother earth,
there to await the glorious dawn of the resurrection morn.
James Daniel Turner.
To Comrade James D. Turner, a member of Hill County
Lamp, No. 166, U. C. V, the final summons came on the 21st
of February, 1916, at his home, in the city of Hillsboro, Tex.
He was born in Walker County, Ala., June 24, 1843, and en-
listed as a member of Company E, 20th Alabama Volunteer
Infantry, Army of Tennessee, serving until the close of the
war. In January, 1868, he was married to Miss Sallie Wood.
Removing to Texas in 1883, they first settled in Kaufman
County, but in 1894 went to Hill County, which had since
been their home. His wife and seven children — four sons and
three daughters — survive him, as well as four sisters and four
brothers. He was the eldest of twelve children.
As a soldier of Christ and a soldier of his country he was
clad with the armor of readiness, and when the tattoo sounded
his light went out on the instant.
[From tribute by Hill County Camp. U. C. V., in its me-
morial resolutions in honor of this comrade and brother. W.
L. McKee. Tarn Brooks. J. W. Morrison, Committee.]
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
MRS
WATSON.
Mrs. Amanda B. Watson.
Mrs. Amanda Beard Watson, whose death occurred at the
Baptist Sanitarium at Dallas, Tex., at the age of seventy-
five years, was the widow of the late Dr. S. H. Watson, of
Waxahachie, and the remains were taken in a special car to
Waxahachie for burial.
Mrs. Watson was born at Camden, Ala., but went to Texas
in 1867 and was mar-
ried to Dr. Watson
in 1873. The first
few years of their
married life were
spent in Dallas, but
they moved to Waxa-
hachie thirty - three
years ago, and that
city had since been
the home of the
family. Mrs. Wat-
son was a woman of
rare culture of both
mind and heart, and
the influence of her
womanly and Chris-
tian personality was
considered most up-
lifting and helpful
in the various social and literary organizations to which she
belonged. She was Life Historian of the Texas Division of
the United Daughters of the Confederacy and had recently
compiled a book of old songs for the use of the Division.
She was a member of the organization of Pen Women of
Dallas. She was a devoted member of the Episcopal Church
and was identified with every movement making for the
progress of the Church.
Mrs. Watson is survived by four children : Mrs. A. B.
Small, of Dallas; Mrs. K. W. Matthews, of Waco; Dr. S. H.
Watson, of Waxahachie ; and Rembert Watson, of Dallas.
A. S. Johnston Camp, Xo. 271, U. C. V.
At a called meeting the Memorial Committee of A. S. John-
ston Camp at Baird, Tex., composed of John Collier and W.
C. Powell, presented resolutions in honor of two true and
faithful members, R. E. Wathen and E. Sigle, from which the
following is taken :
"R. E. Wathen, a native Kentuckian, fought with General
Morgan until captured with him near Salineville, Ohio, in
1863, as a member of Company K, 8th Regiment of Kentucky
Cavalry. After his capture and prison term, from which he
returned South, his regiment was never reorganized, but
fought with the Orphan Brigade and was found wherever
fighting was to be done until it had won distinction in the
Southern army as being among the best fighters. And to
say that this comrade fought at Perryville shows the char-
acter of his mettle. Comrade Wathen was born in Marion
County, Ky., and died in El Paso, Tex., January 10, 1916,
being nearly seventy-five years old. In his death the Camp
has lost a devoted member, who had shown his faithfulness
in serving as Commander for several terms.
"Comrade E. Sigle was born in Russia in 1835 and came to
America in 1850. He joined the Confederate army in 1861 in
Louisiana and served throughout the war. He came to Baird
in 1S81 and there resided until his death."
E. H. Hannan.
Comrade E. H. Hannan, a member of Garnett Camp, No.
902, U. C. V., peacefully departed this life at the residence of
his son, J. W. Hannan, at Huntington, W. Va., April 12,
1916. He was born at Glenwood, Mason County, W. Va.,
in 1828. In 1861 he enlisted in a company known as the
Border Rangers, but later it was Company E, 8th Virginia
Cavalry, Jenkins's Brigade, in which command he rendered
faithful service during the entire war. He returned home
and became a prosperous farmer and in every way a useful
and honored citizen. His wife preceded him to the spirit
world twenty-six years ago. The funeral services were at-
tended by a number of his old comrades and conducted by
his pastor, Rev. A. J. Smith, at Washington Avenue Baptist
Church. It was stated that he had never been known to use
profane language or take a drink of intoxicating liquor. For
seventy years of his life he was an earnest and consistent
Christian. His religion was pure and undefiled. His hopes
for the future were unclouded.
He was laid to rest in the Hannan burial ground at Glen-
wood by the side of his wife.
J. Polk Bradley.
J. P. Bradley was born in Platte County, Mo., May 7, 1845,
his parents being early settlers of that county from Kentucky.
When eighteen years of age, young Bradley enlisted in the
cause of the Confederacy, becoming a member of Company
B (Capt. Joe Macey), Colonel Slayback's regiment, Shelby's
Brigade. The close of the war found him in Texas, and he
and many other
soldiers of the
South went with
Colonel Shelby
into Mexico to
offer their swords
to Maximilian.
Later Mr. Brad-
ley went to Cali-
fornia and had
many interesting
experiences there.
He went to
Linneus, Mo., in
1873, and in 1874
he was married to
Miss Mattie San-
dusky, who sur-
vives him with
their daughter,
Mrs. W. S. Hen-
drixson, of Grin-
nell, la. In Lin-
neus Mr. Bradley
lived continuously
until his death, his life being inseparably woven into the
town's history. He served as mayor and also as postmaster
under President Cleveland. Governor Hadley appointed him
a member of the Board of Control of the Missouri Confed-
erate Home at Higginsville, and he was later elected treas-
urer of the board. He was for forty-four years a member
of the I. O. O. F. and had held high office in both the Odd
Fellows and Knights of Pythias. He was one of the leading
merchants and business men of the town, and his kindly nature
made him ever thoughtful of the welfare of others.
J. POLK BRADLEY.
Qor)federat<^ Veterai?.
271
Col. J. Thomas Goode.
Col. J. Thomas Goode, a distinguished citizen and soldier,
died at his home, in Chase City, Va., on April 3, 1916, at the
age of eighty-one. His life had been a varied and eventful
one. He was born in Boydton, Mecklenburg County, July
21, 1835, the son of the late William O. and Sarah Massie
Goode. He received his education at private schools and the
Virginia Military Institute and was commissioned as an of-
ficer in the United States army in 1854 and served six years,
four of which were spent in service against the Indians in
Florida and the Western frontier in Kansas and Utah, where
he remained until the outbreak of the War between the
States.
Though strongly regretting the necessity, when Virginia
seceded, he immediately resigned his commission in the
United States army and left Salt Lake City to offer his serv-
ices to the Confederacy. He traveled more than one thou-
sand miles through a barren, uncivilized prairie country alone,
excepting his wife and two infants, driving a mule team.
After a long and wearisome journey, he readied the Missouri
River, then the border of civilization, and thence made the
journey to Virginia. He was immediately given a commis-
sion in the Confederate service, and in a short time he was
made colonel of the 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, later con-
verted into the 34th Virginia Infantry. He went through the
entire four years, serving with honor in many hard-fought
battles, particularly in that of the Crater, at Petersburg,
where he commanded Wise's Brigade. His command suf-
fered the brunt of the battle during that fearful carnage, hold-
ing the field against overwhelming odds until the Crater was
recaptured by Mahone's famous charge. He was recom-
mended for brigadier general from the battle of Sailor's
Creek, but the war ended before he received his commission.
He surrendered with his command at Appomattox. In his
death passes the last of the field officers of his brigade.
Since the war his life had been spent on his farm, in
Mecklenburg County, until his removal to Chase City about a
year ago. He had represented his county in the legislature.
Colonel Goode was married four times and is survived In
h\< last wife, seven daughters, and two sons.
Theodore F. Malloy.
Theodore F. Malloy was born at Cheraw, S. C. where he
died on March 14, 1916, at the age of seventy-five. He en-
listed at the very beginning of the war. going out as orderly
sergeant of Company C, 8th Regiment of South Carolina
Volunteers. Upon the reorganization of the regiment, a year
later, he was promoted to lieutenant, and when the captain of
the company was killed at Gettysburg he was elected captain
'and so served till the end of the war. His regiment was a
.part of Kershaw's Brigade, McLaw's Division, Longstreet's
iCorps, and he was in nearly all of the large battles in which
Kershaw's Brigade participated. On many occasions he com-
manded the regiment, being the senior captain present. He
was one of five brothers who volunteered and served th rough-
but the war.
After the war he was married to Miss Mary McKay, of
Cheraw, who survives him. He was for many years mayor
)f Cheraw and Commandant of Camp J. B. Kershaw, U. C.
V., at the time of his death. He took a great interest in Con-
ederate history and visited the battle fields of Virginia in
he past few years with Sons of Veterans. He attended the
eunion at Gettysburg in 1913.
[Tribute by William Godfrey.]
C. W. THOMPSON.
G. W. Thompson.
G. W. Thompson was born in Hart County, Ky., July 22,
1835. He went to Texas in 1853 and settled in Collin County.
He enlisted in the Southern army soon after the breaking out
of war as a member of Company B, Scantlin's Squadron, and
was elected lieutenant
in his company, in which
capacity he served till
the close of the war.
He was married to Miss
Margaret Drake in 1861,
and to them were born
four sons and three
daughters, all of whom,
with the mother, survive
him.
Mr. Thompson wa«
among the first set tic 1 «
in Foard County and
took an active part in
its organization. He
was elected its first
itj clerk, which of-
fice he filled for two consecutive terms. After a gradual de-
cline for several months, he died on the 24th of July, 1915.
The funeral sen u t - were held at the City Cemetery under
the auspices of the Masonic order, of which he was a mem-
ber, assisted by Camp George G. Dibrell, of which he had
been Commander for several terms. He was a good citizen
and had a host of frier
Mat. R. W. Hunter.
Maj. Robert Waterman Hunter, who was adjutant general
of Gen. John B. Gordon's corps, C. S. A., died in Washington,
li C, April 3, 1916. and was buried at Winchester.
Robert W. Hunter was born at Martinsburg, W. Va., in
1837. His father was Col. Edmund Pendleton Hunter, a
ii' ited lawj er of his time.
Robert Hunter graduated in law from the University of
Virginia. When the War between the States broke out, he
joined the Confederate army and was with Stonewall Jack-
son in the battle of First Manassas. Later he was trans-
ferred to General Gordon's corps as adjutant general and
chief of staff and was selected to carry the flag of truce from
General Gordon to General Sheridan at Appomattox just be-
fore General Lee surrendered.
After the war Major Hunter located at Winchester, where
he opened a law office and edited the Winchester Times, which
he made a power in Virginia politics. During the first Cleve-
land administration he held the position of Inspector of Pub-
lic Lands. Governor Swanson appointed him Secretary of
Military Records, an office created to preserve the military
records of the Old Dominion. After holding this office about
fair years, he removed to Washington, D. C, some ten years
ago and gave his entire time to the practice of law in that
city. He was a former law partner and intimate friend of
the late Maj. Holmes Conrad, of Winchester and Washing-
ton, who was Solicitor-General of the United States under
President Cleveland. These two Virginia lawyers were con-
stantly together in their latter days.
Major Hunter was a Virginian of the old school, possessing
the charm of manner of the old Southern gentleman. He
was married three times and is survived by three daughters
and two sons.
272
Qo^federat^ l/eterai?.
Charles R. Holmes.
In the passing of Charles Rutledge Holmes on September
'3» W^S, South Carolina lost one of the knightliest of her
sons. He was born in Charleston, and before he had reached
the seventeenth year of his age the dread drumbeat of war
resounded throughout the State. He was one of the earliest
to answer to the call of Governor Pickens and became a
member of the Marion Artillery, a company composed of the
highest type of citizen soldiery. When the "Cadet Company"
was formed, most of the members having been cadets at the
Citadel Acadamy, he enlisted in its ranks. It became Com-
pany F, 6th Regiment of South Carolina Cavalry, and formed
part of Hampton's famous cavalry corps of the Army of
Northern Virginia. Charles Holmes was conspicuous for
courage and daring, and in camp and on the march he was
ever cheerful. His comrades were ardent in their attachment
to him. He was wounded in one of the fights in Virginia.
During the Reconstruction period, as a member of the Caro-
lina Rifle Battalion, he also gave faithful and efficient serv-
ice. He was one of the most popular officers of that devoted
and determined body of Charlestonians.
It was not alone as a soldier or as a patriot that "Charlie"
Holmes, as he was called by his admiring friends, was es-
teemed and loved. His gentle and generous nature, frank and
confiding manner, manly bearing, and inflexible integrity made
him a favorite everywhere. He was welcomed at the couch
of the sick and suffering, for his presence brought hope and
cheer, and when fortune smiled upon him he was as liberal
in his benefactions as he was faithful and honorable.
For months Charles Holmes had been a great sufferer,
and as he lay and languished he exhibited a fortitude that
was comparable to the courage he displayed in the path of
danger and of duty.
Deaths in Chickasaw Camp.
William H. Griffin, Commander, reports the following
deaths in Chickasaw Camp, No. 1700, U. C. V., of Houlka,
Miss. :
J. J. Boykin, Company H, 8th Kentucky Regiment.
J. B. Blankenship, Company B, 3d Mississippi Regiment.
Lat T. Brasher, Company D, 4th Mississippi Regiment.
Thomas F. Bryant, Company G, 41st Mississippi Regiment.
J. Henry Castles, Company H, 24th Mississippi Regiment.
G. M. Dillard, Company D, 3d South Carolina Regiment.
J. R. Gilfoy, Company E, 8th Kentucky Regiment.
R. T. Hobson, Company H, nth Mississippi Regiment.
T. J. Holloday, Company H, nth Mississippi Regiment.
J. A. Hobson, Company E, 8th Mississippi Cavalry Regi-
ment.
Curtis Ivy, Company D, 10th Alabama Cavalry Regiment.
Taylor Marion, Company E, 8th Mississippi Cavalry Regi-
ment.
John R. McCormick, Company K, nth Alabama Infantry
Regiment.
P. Ray, Company D, 26th Mississippi Infantry Regiment.
T. J. Reeder, Company I, 13th Tennessee Regiment.
S. L. Wilson, Company H, nth Mississippi Infantry Regi-
ment.
D. D. Tabb, Company E, 8th Mississippi Cavalry Regiment.
W. A. Thomas, Company F, 29th Alabama Infantry Regi-
ment.
All these comrades were good soldiers and citizens.
Rev. A. H. Lark.
Rev. Augustus Lark was born in Greenville County, S. G,
September 1, 1844, and died at his home, near Alma, Craw-
ford County, Ark., on December 18, 1915. At the beginning
of the War between the States he enlisted in the Confederate'
army as a member of Company F, 2d South Carolina Cavalry
(M. C. Butler), and served for four years under Generals
Butler, Hampton, and R. E. Lee. He was one of the four
comrades who carried General Butler from the battle field
when he was wound-
ed. He was not at
the surrender, having
been sent in charge
of a detail when our
army reached South
Carolina for the pur-
pose of purchasing
cattle for the army.
Being cut off from
his command by
Sherman's raiders
after he had started
with the cattle, he and
his detail united with
a band which was
engaged in hunting
bandits and deserters
then infesting the
country along the
North and South Carolina line, principally in Marion County.
Returning to his home, in Greenville County, after the sur-
render, he went to school for a while, then went to Marion
County and married Miss Mary Ann Proctor on October 23,
1867. He was ready to move to Arkansas in 1875 when Gen.
Wade Hampton became a candidate for Governor of South
Carolina. The State had been under carpetbag and scalawag
rule after the surrender, and he was so interested in Hamp-
ton's election that he rallied to the support of his old general,
rendering valuable service in those Reconstruction days.
Mr. Lark was not only a brave soldier for the Southern
cause, but was a good soldier of the cross of Christ, and
after going to Arkansas he was licensed to preach. He made
his home near Alma, Ark., and reared an interesting
family of fourteen children, nine of whom, with their mother,
survive him. No man stood higher than Mr. Lark in the
community where he lived. He ministered to the sick both
physically and spiritually. He was a member of the Meth-
odist Church, and three of his sons are ministers in the same
Church. He was a member of Van Buren Camp, U. C. V.,
and also Secretary and Chaplain of Fine Springs Lodge, No.
439, F. and A. M. His was a useful life and a blessing to
others.
[Tribute by T. C. Sherwood.]
rev. a. h. lark.
I. C.
Walling.
Hill County Camp, No. 166, U. C. V., Hillsboro, Tex.,
passed resolutions in honor of Isom C. Walling, a comrade
in arms during the War between the States, who died March
20, 1916. Though not a member of this Camp, he was a loyal
Confederate soldier, having served as a member of Company
E, 3d Regiment of Texas Cavalry. He was born in Nacog-
doches, Tex., May 3, 1842, and died at Walling's Bend, in
Bosque County, on March 20, 1916. He was a son of Col.
Jesse Walling.
^oijfederat^ Ueterai).
2/3
Frank L. Blume.
After a lingering illness, Frank L. Blume died at his home,
in Nashville, Tenn. He was a member of Frank Cheatham
Bivouac and Camp.
Born of old Moravian stock at Winston-Salem, N. C,
August 3, 1847, Mr. Blume was the third of four sons left
fatherless at a very early age. In 1863 he joined the Con-
federate navy, serving as midshipman on the practice ship
Patrick Henry. This ship was part of the James River block-
ading squadron and was blown up by the Confederates when
Richmond fell. Then the officers and marines were formed
into a provisional company, which was part of the escort ac-
companying President Davis and his cabinet south. One
of his brothers was in the Confederate infantry, another in
the signal corps. The eldest was but nineteen. At the close
of the war he found the ample fortune left by his father
swept away, and, like most Southern-born boys, he had to
build up his own fortune. For some years he made his home
in Brownsville, Tenn., where he met and married Miss Mattie
French, youngest daughter of the late H. S. French. After
their marriage he removed to Nashville, and during a long
life of business activity he made a large circle of friends and
leaves a name honored by all who knew him.
For many years Mr. Blume was treasurer and librarian of
Christ Church Sunday School and a vestryman in the Church.
His devotion to the memory of the Southern cause, to his
Church, and to the Masonic orders to which he belonged was
singularly beautiful. Quiet, unostentatious, and charitable in
word and in judgment, his deeds of kindness were known
only to the recipients.
He is survived by his wife, one daughter, and a bi
Dr. Tames Blume, of Winston-Salem, N, C.
Capt. David Short Goodloe.
Capt. David S. Goodloe died at his home, in Quitman,
Cleburne County, Ark.. March 3, 1916. He was born in
Marshall County, Miss., on November 10, 1839, and was the
of Theodore Hinton and Harriette William Goodloe.
The early life of David Short was spent on his father's
plantation, in Arkansas,
to which the family had
moved from Mississippi
in 1841. At the breaking
out of war in 1861 he
enlisted in the 7th Regi-
ment of Arkansas In-
fantry and served
throughout the four
years. He was a pri-
vate until 1864. when he
was made lieutenant,
and just before the sur-
render he received his
commission as captain.
After the war he went
back to his father's
plantation and took
charge, bringing order out of chaos. On September 25, 1867,
he was happily married to Olivia Critz Ellis, of Searcy. Ark.,
who preceded him in death less than a year. To this union
were born eight children, five of whom are still living.
Captain Goodloe was an affectionate husband and father, a
true Confederate, and a chivalrous Southern gentleman.
[Tribute by his daughter. Harriette Harton Goodloe.]
s. GOODLOE.
Robert Thomas Goodman.
Robert T. Goodman, who died at his home. East View,
near Hollins, Va., on February 28, 1916, was born on the
29th of January, 1836, at the home of his maternal grand-
parents, in Goodland County, Va. His father was a great
believer in higher education, and it was his purpose to have
the son finish at the University of Virginia and then go with
him to the Holy Land ; but the boy had other ideas and fasci-
nations. In April, 1857, he married Miss Frances Alexander
in Powhatan County and took his bride first to Fawnhill, on
the James, a gift from his father, and then to Auburn, a
large plantation in Cumberland County. He joined the
Masons when just twenty-one and took the degrees of Mas-
ter, Royal Arch, and Knight Templar. On going to war he
placed a Maltese cross around his young wife's neck, for he
knew that no Mason would ever harm one wearing that cross.
On the 21st of April, 1861. he offered his services to his
joining the Black Eagle Riflemen, of Fork and Willis.
and marched to Richmond, where they were mustered into
Company E. 18th Virginia Infantry, Carter Harrison captain,
Col. R. E. Withers. Two of his brothers and a cousin went
with him ; another brother ran away from the Virginia Mili-
tary Institute and joined the cavalry with William E. Wick-
ham and was afterwards courier to Fitzhugh Lee. Robert
Goodman was wounded in the battle of Manassas and re-
turned to his command, but had to be discharged for dis-
ability from the wound.
In 1867. realizing to the full the devastation of war and
the changing conditions, the family removed to East View, in
Roanoke County, in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley, be-
tween the Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains, near Hollins
Institute. And in this "garden spot" valley, under the inspira-
tion of this great and noble institution, the Goodmans have
since lived. The heritage of their love, their unfailing faith,
their indomitable courage and cheerfulness, their beautiful
spirit of unselfishness and self-sacrifice, their pure, simple
Christian lives will ever be an inspiration. A son and five
daughters are left of the family, living in different 5
"iilv two making their homes in Virginia.
John C. Young.
John Christopher Young died at the home of his son. Dr.
J. P. Young, at Richburg, S. C, on March 23. 1916. at the ripe
age of ninety years. He was born in Laurens County, near
Clinton, October 22, 1825. and was the son of George and
Mary Duckett Young. When the call to arms first sounded,
he enlisted in the Secession Guards, Capt. William Perry-
man's company, 2d South Carolina Infantry, Kershaw's Bri-
gade. He served three years in Virginia, participating in all
of the battles fought by his command. He then joined Capt.
Teter Goodwin's 6th South Carolina Cavalry, and in the battle
of Trevilian Station, June 12, 1864, he was sorely wounded,
g his right leg.
He was married on May 2, 1867, to Miss Susan Virginia
Long, of Laurens County, who died in 1914. Of this union
four sons and one daughter survive.
As a citizen with a character pure and true, as a Confed-
erate soldier with a record equal to the best, as a husband
and father measuring up to all the requirements, and a con-
sistent member of the Baptist Church, Comrade Young lived
a blameless life and has gone to his reward universally loved
and respected, leaving another great break in the fast-thinning
ranks of the Confederate veterans.
[Tribute by Christine Frazier.]
274
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
Col. H. A. Ramsay.
Col. H. Ashton Ramsay, who was chief engineer of the
famous Confederate ironclad Virginia and one of the few
surviving members of the crew, died at his home, in Balti-
more, Md., on March 25, 1916, at the age of eighty-one years.
Surviving him are his wife, two sons, and two daughters.
Colonel Ramsay was a native of Washington and was ap-
pointed from the District of Columbia as an assistant engi-
neer in the United States navy just before the beginning of
the War between the States. He resigned to go South and
joined the Confederate States navy. He aided in building the
Virginia, previously called the Merrimac, the first ironclad
ever used in warfare. Her defensive armor was a sheathing
of steel rails, and her powerful iron ram created consterna-
tion in the Federal fleet when she steamed out of the James
River into Hampton Roads in 1862.
The commander of the Virginia, the ranking officer of the
Confederate navy, was Admiral Franklin Buchanan, of Mary-
land. Colonel Ramsay was chief engineer. The Virginia
rammed and sank the Congress and the Cumberland, and her
career of destruction was checked by the appearance of the
Monitor, built in New York by John Ericsson and familiarly
called "the cheese box on a raft."
Colonel Ramsay was one of the last survivors of the mem-
orable battle between the two ironclads, of which he has writ-
ten very interestingly.
James Presley McLane.
James Presley McLane was born in Wilcox County, Ala.,
December 30, 1840, and died in Cameron, Tex., February 17,
1916, aged seventy-six years. He enlisted in Company B,
1st Alabama Regiment, in 1861. The regiment served in
heavy artillery the
first two and a half
years of the war,
being at Pensacola,
Island No. 10, Port
Hudson, and other
forts. In the early
spring of 1864 the
regiment was put
into field service,
joining Joseph E.
Johnston's army near
Resaca, Ga., and was
made a part of
Quarles's Brigade. It
remained with that
command until the
battle of Franklin,
where General
Quarks was so se- tames p. m'lane.
verely wounded as to
be unable to continue in command. The 1st Alabama was
then attached to General Shelby's brigade and remained with
that command until the surrender, April 26, 1865, at Greens-
boro, N. C.
Comrade McLane was married to Miss Bettie Andrews at
Oak Hill, Ala., in 1866. He removed to Texas in 1870 and
had been identified with that country since that time. No
truer Southerner ever wore the gray; no truer or better citi-
zen ever lived in his community.
Philip Dandridge Stephenson, D.D.
P. D. Stephenson was born September 7, 1845, in St. Louis,
Mo., and died March 12, 1916. in Richmond, Va. On May
10, 1861, at the age of sixteen, he was present at Camp Jack-
son, St. Louis, where Missourians first made armed re-
sistance to the encroaching Federal power. Escaping to
Memphis, he joined a St. Louis company which was assigned
to the 13th Arkansas Regiment. It was commanded by Capt.
T. W. Bartlett, afterwards his brother-in-law, and another
member was his brother, Hammett L. Stephenson, who be-
came adjutant of the regiment. As a mere boy Philip
Stephenson participated in the fight of Belmont, being
wounded ; and thereafter, in spite of his minority and poor
health, he did his duty manfully to the end. Unfit for field
duty, he served as assistant to Col. M. L. Clark, chief of ar-
tillery, until able to rejoin his regiment. Though then dis-
charged as a minor, he rejoined the 13th Arkansas, where he
served again until he became a member of the 5th Company
of Washington Artillery in May, 1864. With this famous
command he remained throughout the Georgia campaign.
Hood's expedition into Tennessee, and with the fall of Spanish
Fort at Mobile. He surrendered at Meridian May 10, 1865.
It was his pride to have been one of Cleburne's Division and
of the Washington Artillery.
Returning to his home, he followed the pious bent of his
nature, and while working for a livelihood he qualified for
the Presbyterian ministry and was licensed by the St. Louis
Presbytery on April 28, 1875. He served as pastor successive-
ly at Trenton, Tenn., Sedalia, Mo., Hancock, Md., Abingdon
and Woodstock, Va. When retired because of failing strength.
he went to Richmond, where he was ever at the service of
any brother of the pulpit whom he might aid on occasion and
where he continued to the end the beneficent work in which
he delighted.
His career covers the whole war. Begun by a boy, it was
sustained by a youth frail in physique, but strong in char-
acter, who, true to his Virginia ancestry, devoted his life to
his ideals and was a model soldier. And his service as a
soldier in war was rounded out by his no less distinguished
deeds as a soldier of the cross in his mature years. Ever
brave, conscientious, inspired by high ideals, a nobleman was
Phil Stephenson.
[Testimony of G. A. Williams, former captain and adjutant
general of Govan's Brigade, Army of Tennessee.]
Capt. Hugh W. Henry, Sr.
On the night of March 13, 1916, at his home, in Lake
Weir, Fla., the spirit of Capt. Hugh William Henry, Sr., sud-
denly took its flight. His remains were taken to Mont-
gomery, Ala., where he was born September 8, 1831, and
were interred in Oakwood Cemetery. His casket, draped
with the Stars and Bars, was followed by an escort of his old
comrades, the bugle sounding "taps." And there he sleeps,
"after life's fitful fever," another of God's noblemen gone to
his reward after a life of devotion to his God and his duty.
Captain Henry was among the first of the South's young
men to volunteer in the defense of her rights. Joining the
22d Alabama Volunteer Infantry, C. S. A., he was made a
captain of one of its companies and participated in all of its
engagements under Gens. A. S. Johnston, Bragg, Joseph E.
Johnston, and Hood, except for a short time while on re-
cruiting duty at Troy, Ala. He was in command of the regi-
ment after the battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864,
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
":
where the major, in command at that time, was killed in a
charge by the regiment. The remnant of the regiment was
captured at Nashville, Tenn., December 16, 1864, along with
its brave division commander, Gen. Ed Johnson.
It was not my privilege to know Captain Henry personally;
but our correspondence, begun two years ago, continued
within two weeks of his death. His letters were full of trust
in his Heavenly Father, devotion to principle, and the justice
of the cause for which he, like the thousands of our brave
men of the South, gave four of the best years of their lives
and other thousands their lives in defense of the cause they
believed to be right. One of his letters gave the details of
his capture at Nashville with Gen. Ed Johnson, their confine-
ment in the penitentiary at Nashville, and when they were
called up for entraining for Johnson's Island, in a most in-
teresting way.
[From tribute by Frank S. Roberts. Washington. D. C]
St. George T. C. Bryan.
St. George Tucker Coalter Bryan, widely known citizen
and distinguished Confederate soldier, died on the night of
April 4, 1916, at the home of his nephew. Judge Daniel Grin-
nan, near Kenwood, in Richmond, Va. The burial was in
the family burying ground at Eagle Point, Gloucester County.
Volunteering in the service of the Confederacy soon after
he completed his studies at the Episcopal High School, Mr.
Bryan served with conspicuous gallantry in the Army of
Northern Virginia. He was a war-time member of the Rich-
mond Howitzers and surrendered with the remnant of Lee's
army at Appomattox Courthouse. Throughout his life he
was intensely interested in Confederate history and was con-
sidered one of the best-informed men in the State on this
subject.
After the close of the war Mr Bryan took a special course
in mining engineering at the University of Virginia and pur-
sued the practice of his profession in the West. Here, during
the most important period in that section's industrial de-
velopment, he made an enviable reputation as a mining ex-
pert
Several years ago he returned to his native State and had
since been engaged chiefly in the study of Confederate his-
tory Recently he had given much time to the study of the
economic history of the South during the War between the
States and had gathered much valuable data touching on this
question.
Mr. Bryan was born at Chatham, just opposite Fredericks-
burg, Va., October 23, 1843, the son of John Randolph Bryan
and Elizabeth Coalter, and was a brother of the late Joseph
Bryan, of Richmond. He was a member of the Episcopal
Church.
Rev. Dr. Foster Ely.
Rev. Dr. Foster Ely, whose death occurred in Xew York
City recently, was born in 1S36. He enlisted as a Confed-
erate soldier in Company A (Captain Brown, of Canton.
Miss.), iSth Missisippi Infantry. Barksdale's Brigade, and
later served as a chaplain. He was with General Lee and
received a wound at Malvern Hill. In 1862 he was made
chaplain of the 18th Mississippi Infantry and also served as
chaplain of the post at Mobile, Ala., Montgomery, Ala.,
Rome, Ga., and Richmond, Va.
In the memorial resolutions passed by the New York Camp
of Confederate Veterans it is said:
"Whether in the field, forum, or pulpit, Comrade Ely was
always actuated by a strict sense of duty: and by his example
more than by his precept he not only guided but led all with
whom he came in contact to those paths along the highway
of life the borders of which are fragrant with the blossoms
of peace and contentment. Dedicating his life to the service
of the Divine Master, he recognized the duty of rendering
"unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's" and bore to his
grave evidences of this in the scars from wounds received at
Malvern Hill. As a soldier he was without reproach, as a
pastor without guile, as a friend without doubt, as a man
without fear, and in the humble walks of life a light that
never lost its brightness. The world is better that such men
have lived, and the grave has won no victory in his death,
for his memory will live beyond the sting of death. Recog-
nizing the many qualities of heart and mind that have en-
deared Comrade Ely to all who have been privileged to feel
the sweet influence of his genial nature, this Camp in regular
and stated meeting on the 23d of March, 1016,
"Resolved, That in the death of Comrade Foster Ely this
world has lost a Christian gentleman, this Camp a cherished
comrade, his associates a wise counselor, and weak humanity
an unselfish friend."
[Clarence R. Hatton. Adjutant U. C. V. of X. Y.]
Thomas Hillary.
Thomas Hillary, eldest son of John Hanson Hillary and
Mary Waters, was born in Frederick County, Md., June 4.
1841. On Lee's invasion of Maryland, in September, 1862.
he and some half dozen others joined Capt. Benjamin P.
Crampton's company, G. 7th Virginia Regiment. Early in
the War between the States the same neighborhood had sent
to this company some twelve or fifteen of its magnificent
horsemen. At that time T. F. Mason was captain, with
Thaddeus Thrasher
second lieutenant;
also of this section
who was killed at
K e r n s v i 1 1 e. Nat-
urally Thomas Hil-
lary sought a home
with those of his
home life. Like
them, he had been
reared on horseback,
as it were, and he
was so superb a
horseman that he
presented the appear-
ance of a centaur.
This company had
fifty - seven Mary-
landers in it, and in
all the battles led
by Turner Ashby as
captain, colonel, and general none followed better than they.
For his bravery and personal courage Thomas Hillary was
praised by officers of the Laurel Brigade, which consisted of
the 7th, nth, and 12th Virginia Regiments, and Elijah V.
White's battalion, 35th Virginia Cavalry, and Chew's Battery.
These associates were an inspiration, to say the least, and with
General Rosser he continued to the close of the great conflict.
Thomas Hillary was married in 1877 in the State of Ohio,
and after many faithful years in the employ of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company he passed from time to eternity
September 30. 1915. His mortal remains were laid to rest
in the cemetery at Zanesville. Ohio.
THOMAS HILLARY.
276
C^opfederat^ l/eteraij.
Ulnitet) ^Daughters of tbe Gonfeberac£.
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenhhmer, President General.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, First Vice President General.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President General.
Mrs. Lulu A. Lovell, Third Vice President General.
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General.
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Corresponding Secretary General.
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General.
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Registrar General.
Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian General
Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian Cross of Honor.
Mrs. W. K. Beard. Custodian Flags and Pennants.
"Love Makes Memory Eternal.''''
A WORD TO DIVISION EDITORS.
A special request is made of Division Editors that their
notes be as clear and concise as possible, as only a half col-
umn can be allowed to each Division if reports are sent regu-
larly. A great deal can be said in little space if only impor-
tant work is recorded. All Chapter notes should go to the
Division Editor, who should send her reports to me by the
first of the month. Mrs. L. C. Perkins, Official Editor,
205 North Street, Jackson, Miss.
EDUCATIONAL WORK OF MISSOURI DIVISION.
BY MRS. GEORGE F. LONGAN, FIRST VICE PRESIDENT.
History records : "Missouri, the mother of empires, has
within her own State sufficient resources to build a nation."
So much good of the world comes out of Missouri ! The
Missouri man is a source of our greatest pride and happiness
and is a type unto himself, a union of the strength of pro-
gressive determination of the West with the tenderness and
chivalry of the South ; but the best product Missouri has
to-day is her women. Hef work of judicious distribution is
equally important as his work of production. From the
eastern part of the State, aristocratic old St. Louis, men and
women alike not only possess energy, ambition, and courage,
but culture, elegance, and grace, characteristics of the noblest
and the best. Then
on to wonderful
Kansas City, pride
of the West, whose
magnificent parks
and boulevard sys-
tem produce a
scenic effect that
is the envy of the
cities of the world
and whose civic
and philanthropic
enterprises and
juvenile court
works are second
to none which are
mothered by our
women. Midway
between these two
cities rests in gi-
gantic splendor
Columbia, a town
whose trade is
education and
whose commerce
is culture. Educa-
Jf
MRS. CHARLES B. FARIS,
President Missouri Division, I". D. C.
tional Athens of our grand old State ! Here are found Mis-
souri University, Christian College, Stephens College, and
military schools, with educational endowments, making a
"Missouri monument Mecca" for the past, present, and future
generations.
The present province of the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy of the Missouri Division is education and to provide
"vocational education" if possible, as there is no legacy that
can equal this educational preparedness for positions that will
yield to our youth an adequate equivalent for their sustenance
in life.
Missouri Division, U. D. C, has many good works — patri-
otic, historical, sociological, and philanthropic — and realizes
that nothing is impossible with organized womanhood united
in aim and effort. We watch for achievements with rapt
interest, knowing united effort must be forth that will alone
prove the truth of our educational growth.
The eighteenth annual convention of the Missouri Divi-
sion convened at Warrensburg and was of great profit and
purpose. Mrs. Charles P. Hough, of charming personality
and soulful influence, closed her administration with laurels,
and love from all for her zealous, judicious, and just serv-
ices. Mrs. Charles B. Faris, of generous and gracious nature,
takes her place in our army of builders and toils for right
that will crown us with continued success.
As guests of Francis Marion Cockrell Chapter, Warrens-
burg, our grateful appreciation goes to the able President
and General Chairman, Miss Neille Burris, and the charming
members for their genuine hospitality, their untiring con-
sideration and courtesy. In convention the Educational Com-
mittee reported the following scholarships that were accepted
by the Division : The Missouri State University Scholarship,
procured by Mrs. Thomas Wood Parry, of Kansas City,
Chairman of the Educational Committee in its days of ini-
tiative, continues to be held by Miss Lois Hodges, of Kansas
City, and is supported and controlled by three Chapters of
that city, the Kansas City, Robert E. Lee, and George E.
Pickett. Miss Hodges's grades are excellent, and she is a
credit to our Daughters of the Confederacy. Central College
(Lexington) Scholarship was procured by Mrs. R. E. Wil-
son, Missouri Division founder or first President, a lady of
the old regime and a scholar. This scholarship was awarded
for the second year to Miss Prudence Major, of Kansas
City, with whom faculty and student body are greatly pleased.
Christian College (Columbia) Scholarship was procured by
Mrs. John Francis Davis, of Stonewall Jackson Chapter,
Kansas City, and awarded to Miss Ada Julia Lingle. of
Clinton, who is beloved by all and is appreciative and full of
ambition. The Cottey College (Clinton) Scholarship was
procured by Mrs. Charles B. Faris, President Missouri Di-
^o^federat^ l/eterar?.
vision and a member of Carleton Joplin Chapter, Caruthers-
ville, and was won by Miss Lindsey Lane, of Clinton. The
President of the college says : "Miss Lane's influence in the
school is more than a reward for the amount we give, and
she has marked musical talent."
These three awards were made, according to rules of the
Division, to those having the highest high school grades for
four years and line of eligibility unquestionable. These ex-
cellent colleges give one-half and Missouri Division half of
the scholarships.
In convention five other scholarships were presented : from
Stephens Junior College, Columbia ; Kemper Military School,
Boonville ; Howard-Payne, Fayette ; Lindenwood, St. Charles ;
and a second scholarship from Central College, Lexington.
All five were voted to be kept on file until the Division could
finance them.
The Stephens and Kemper Scholarships, having previously
been pledged to students according to grades and lineal
descent, Mrs. J. T. McMahan. President of Cooper County
Chapter, who procured the Kemper Military Scholarship, as-
sisted by her noble band of members, gave one-half and
President Johnston, on behalf of Kemper, one-half, and Carl
Scheibuer, our Confederate boy, has advanced steadily and
with the honors of the school.
It is interesting to relate that the sale of the Cooper County
Chapter "Cook Book" provided the entire amount for this
half scholarship and proved what united effort will do. Too
much cannot be said in praise of the unselfish women of this
banner Chapter.
The Stephens Junior College Scholarship was procured by
.Mr.-. Lou Eva Walker Longan, President of Emmett Mac-
Donald Chapter, and the faithful members, also unaided, have
given one-half and President Wood, of Stephens, one-half of
scholarship. Miss Maybelle Calvert, of Sedalia, who pos-
sesses a beautiful lyric soprano voice, will have a vocational
■education worth while, as this college has national rank in its
Musical Department. Again we see what one Chapter can
do united in aim and effort.
The Missouri Division has been keenly aroused in educa-
tional work, and in future may it be said that Missouri
builded better than she knew educationally. May our United
Daughters of the Confederacy not only be known as the
greatest monument builders in the world, but also as the
greatest scholarship educators in the world !
THE SOUTH CAROLIXA DIVISIOX.
BY LOUISE AVER VANDIVER, ANDERSON.
The Columbia Chapters have taken under their special
care the Soldiers' Home in that city, and for weeks the mem-
bers were busy planting seed and setting out shrubs about
the grounds in order to make it a place of beauty and really
a home for its inmates.
At one of the winter meetings of the Mary Ann Buie Chap-
ter, Johnston, an object of special interest was a little four-
page, hand-written journal, edited during the war by some
young women of North Carolina, called the Banner. The
quaint items of interest to girls of nearly sixty years ago were
i quite as enjoyable to the women of the twentieth century. The
paper is to be presented to the Confederate Museum at Rich-
mond.
The U. D. C. of Florence have protested against some of
the songs sung by the children in the public schools, two of
which they consider especially objectionable, the "Battle
Hymn of the Republic" and "Marching through Georgia."
Some of the histories used in the schools are also considered
unfair to the South. The principal of the Florence schools
told the committee that he had great difficulty in obtaining
satisfactory school histories; but that, being a very loyal son
of the South, he had supplemented the textbooks by other
evidence given the teachers for use in their history classes.
He also said that the songs objected to had not been gen-
erally sung, but only in a few grades, and then by the chil-
dren's choice, the teacher of music being a devoted South-
erner.
During the winter the Maxcy Gregg Chapter, of Florence,
entertained the teachers of the city schools at a beautiful
reception. Finding that such intercourse brings mothers and
teachers into much closer relations and facilitates their mu-
tual work of benefiting children, the Chapter has decided to
make this reception an annual feature of its work.
In several South Carolina towns the U. D. C. have recom-
mended the use in the schools of Miss Rutherford's pam-
phlets as supplementary to the required textbooks on history.
Most of the Chapters of the State use Miss Rutherford's
publications and programs in whole or in part. Many of
them make a reading from the Confederate Veteran- a
regular feature of their meetings.
The Dixie Chapter, of Anderson, takes pride in furnish-
ing Confederate uniforms to such veterans of the community
as wish to have them.
Almost every Chapter in the State celebrated Memorial
1 >a\. which in South Carolina is observed on May 10, the
day that Jackson died.
THE MISSISSIPPI DIVISIOX.
BY MRS. NETTIE STORY MILLER. FOREST, MISS.
For nine years the Daughters of the Mississippi Division
have worked faithfully for the erection of a monument at
Shiloh. They have thought, talked, and written of Shiloh,
and within this year will see their dreams realized, for the
monument is being pushed forward to completion.
'I he legislature is considering bills for larger appropria-
tions for the pension fund and for Beauvoir.
The State President, Mrs. Virginia Redditt Price, recently
visited the Industrial Institute and College at Columbus,
where she had the pleasure of meeting the four U. D. C.
scholarship girls ; and she was much pleased with the splen-
did reports from their teachers. Mrs. Price addressed the
student body along lines of U. D. C. activities, also calling
their attention to histories and literature in schools of to-day.
Especially are the Daughters of Mississippi working for
an endowment fund for Industrial Institute and College
scholarship for 1017.
It has always been the custom for the President of the
Division to give some prize as an incentive to more zealous
work. This year she offers $10 to the best all-round Chap-
ter— that is, the Chapter making the best record in paying all
dues and pledges on time, in contribution to each Division
cause, studying the historical course, etc. The subject of
the prize essay is to be "Comparison of the Lives and Prin-
ciples of Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln." Many
Chapters are earnestly striving for this prize, and other Chap-
ters are having contests in the public schools of the county.
Plans are being made by joint Chapters for a lively con-
vention in Gulfport.
278
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Ti/£ CAL1FORXIA DII1SI0N.
BY MRS. MARY NELSON WARDEN, LOS ANGELES.
Mrs. C. C. Clay, State President of the California Division,
recently visited the southern part of the State and attended
the regular business meetings of all the Chapters as far as
possible and was otherwise entertained, thus getting better
acquainted and establishing a strong bond of friendship be-
tween herself and her many Daughters. Her visit was espe-
cially beneficial in that it put new life into all Chapters, and
she too felt that the gain to herself had been great in seeing
the methods and actual work of the various Chapters.
Mrs. Mary Reynolds Wright, former State Registrar, re-
signed her office on removing to Texas. Mrs. Clay has ap-
pointed Mrs. Charles L. Trabert, of Berkeley, to fill that
office.
Mrs. Emma A. Loy, Custodian of Flags, has been quite busy
since the General Convention last October, carrying the many
State flags to as many Chapters as possible and giving a
short history of each flag. Her talks have been very inter-
esting and instructive.
The educational work in our State is advancing quite
rapidly, and much enthusiasm is being shown along this line.
We have two State scholarships now, besides some individual
Chapter ones.
Great interest is being shown in the historical work, many
Chapters competing for the two medals offered this year, one
by Mrs. S. R. Thorpe for the greatest number of reminiscences,
the other by our First Vice President General, Mrs. J. H.
Stewart, for the best essay on "The Difference between the
Campaign of Lee in Pennsylvania and that of Sherman in
Georgia." These were awarded at the State convention in
Stockton May 3, 1916, our sixteenth annual convention, and
many fine reports were given of the work accomplished the
past year.
The Southland Chapter in Alhambra has a children's
register, in which all the children of the members place their
names and data of eligibility to membership in the United
Daughters of the Confederacy. This book will some day be
of untold value.
Most of the Chapters in our State take the Veteran, as
well as many individual members, and in many instances it
has been placed in the public libraries.
Report on Jefferson Davis Chapter, by Mrs. Leigh
Richmond Smith.
The Jefferson Davis Chapter of San Francisco, alive and
active, is abounding in good works under the leadership of
its beloved President, Mrs. Sidney M. Van Wyck, Sr.
The request of the President General, Mrs. Odenheimer,
to act upon the memorial of Senator Works, of California,
was carried out at the February meeting. The Chapter not
only indorsed Senator Works's memorial, but also the per-
sonal appeal by the Chapter's President, which was sent to
Washington with many signatures. Many of our members
have sent personal letters to Senators and Congressmen
whom they know urging the importance of supporting the
measure. Struggling as we are with the care of the Con-
federate veterans in California, we feel that if by our in-
fluence the passage of this measure is accomplished great re-
joicing will be forthcoming.
Jefferson Davis Chapter is ever ready to extend aid to the
poor veterans, knowing that in a measure we can thus repay
the debt owing to the brave men who gave their all for the
beloved South. This Chapter has purchased a lot in beauti-
ful Cypress Lawn Cemetery, and thus the dying hours of
the poor veterans are soothed by the knowledge that kind
hearts have provided a resting place for them where they
can sleep their last sleep under the sunny skies of California.
Intellectually, we are awake. Early in the winter our
President organized a Mildred Rutherford Historical Circle
to study the "History of the South in the Building of the
Nation." This series of histories is published by the South-
ern Historical Publication Society. Our Circle is under the
leadership of an able, cultured, college-bred woman, Mrs.
Bard Hulen, whose home was formerly in Texas. Each
member studies a State, and able and brilliant papers are
written and discussed. Jefferson Davis Chapter claims the
honor of being the only one which has organized a Circle
at present in the Chapters around San Francisco.
THE OKLAHOMA DIVISION.
BY MRS. FRANCES P. COOKE.
A few words of interest of the Oklahoma Home for Con-
federate veterans, their wives and widows.
In November, 1915, when our report was made to the con-
vention in San Francisco, there were ninety-six inmates of
the Home — veterans, their wives and widows. Since then
some eight or ten have answered the last "roll call." These
dear old boys in gray have their good times as the years go
by. "Cupid" has been very busy, and four weddings have
taken place this last year. Grandma Whittle, who is one
hundred and three years old, is the sunshine of the Home.
We have a small drug store and a trained nurse who is
always ready to render assistance, also a doctor who makes
several visits a day when necessary. The Oklahoma Legis-
lature appropriates each year the sum of $20,000 for the
maintenance of the Home. This spring the different nur-
series of the State gave fruit and shade trees, shrubs and
roses, so the old boys had a busy and interesting time setting
them out. At their last meeting the trustees seemed well
pleased with the way things are being done. Superintendent
Harris and his wife are running things very smoothly.
As time goes on and the evening shadows lengthen, we
find the old comrades drifting to the Home and knocking for
admission, where they may receive the care they so much
need. The Daughters of the Confederacy, these true women
of Oklahoma, have given liberally of their means, their love,
and their labor that the old comrades and their wives may
spend their last years in peace and comfort.
SCHOLARSHIPS BY TENNESSEE DIVISION.
The Committee on Education of the Tennessee Division,
U. D. C, announces two scholarships for award through the
general committee chairman, Miss Mary B. Poppenheim, 31
Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C. The competitive examina-
tion will be held in Memphis, Tenn., June 19-24.
The scholarships are for Vassar College, value $500 per
annum, tenure four years, and Washington and Lee Uni-
versity, tenure four years, value $250.
The requirements for these scholarships are as follows:
Must be lineal descendants of Confederate veterans, in good
health, unable to pay expenses, of good moral character, must
pass the entrance examination of these schools, and must be
recommended by the State President and Chairman of Edu-
cation, U. D. C. For further information, address Mrs. W. T.
Davis, 940 Russell Street, Nashville, Tenn.
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
'-79
THE NEW YORK DIVISION.
BY MRS. CARRIE PHELAN BEALE, HISTORIAN.
Activities of the New York Division are in a social way
during February, March, and April, though the members are
engaged all the year round with the various works, charity,
philanthropy, patriotism, etc. The hospitalities of the South-
ern Associations mean so much to the Daughters in New
York. The coming together in a social way is to many their
greatest pleasure and is looked forward to from year to year.
All Southerners know that they will meet friends whom they
never see except at this or that entertainment of one of the
| U. D. C. Chapters.
Mrs. Parker, Honorary President of the Baby CI
named for her late husband, had the members meet at her
home in April, and after an interesting program delicious re-
freshments were served. This James Henry Parker Chapter
■ is accomplishing great things, for the members are intensely
enthusiastic. On the 28th of April Mrs. Parker entertained
in honor of the U. D. C. President General, Mrs. Oden-
heimer, by giving a dinner party at her home, on Sixty-
Ninth Street, to which the Vice Presidents of the New York
Division and the Presidents of the other Chapters were in-
vited. Major Gordon, Commander of the New York Camp
of Confederate Veterans, was also present. Arlington. Shi-
loh, Stone Mountain, our New York Memorial Day were
topics of general discussion. The New York Camp of Con-
federate Veterans has a plot and a beautiful monument at
Mount Hope Cemetery, and our Chapters always send flowers
for Memorial Day. The New York City Chapter never
fails to send flowers to Camp Chase and Elmira. This Chap-
ter, with its six hundred members, gave its annual spring
luncheon on April 29. Mrs. Henry McCorkle was chairman
of entertainment. These luncheons have been given annually
for fifteen years.
■Report of Mary Mildred Sullivan Chapter, of New York
City, by Mrs. Charles Herbert Silliman. Acting
Historian.
For Shiloh Day the Chapter was invited to meet with its
brilliant chairman of the Shiloh Committee. Mrs. John Hays
Hammond, of Mississippi, and was delightfully entertained
In her interesting home. In her capable hands anything is
possible. Shiloh has been well remembered, and the Chapter
takes a forward stand in its contributions. By request. Mr.
Hibbard, the sculptor, very kindly sent photographs showing
the Shiloh monument as a whole and in detail and a descrip-
tion of this wonderful conception and accomplishment. It
is the "Story of Shiloh" marvelously told in stone and bronze.
The guest of honor was Dr. John Allan Wyeth, so well
known, so beloved for his unremitting service to humanity,
for his zeal and success in setting forth truths of history.
In his charming way he told incidents and facts of Shiloh
not generally known, dwelling on the romantic and humorous
rather than the tragic. Then he paid a glowing tribute to the
spirit of Southern womanhood — the same yesterday, to-day,
and forever — and presented to the President, Mrs. Schuyler.
for ilie Chapter an early poem of his. printed on white satin,
"The Southern Rose," showing that then, as now, he was
unilrr her rule.
The first public rendition of Mrs. Martha Gielow's (Ala-
bama") patriotic song, set to the most stirring music by
gifted Don Richardson (North Carolina*!, was given by
Miss Case. Other delightful numbers were given by Miss
Warren, of grand opera fame. Mr. Ray Hampdon, and a
spirited recitation by Miss Barbee, cousin of the authoress,
Mrs. Fairfax Childs.
Other guests of honor were : Mrs. McVeigh, of Richmond,
Va., President of the largest U. D. C. Chapter in existence,
the Robert E. Lee, with 1.400 to 1,500 members; Mrs. Martha
Gielow. so beautifully introduced by the Honorary President,
Mrs. Algernon Sidney Sullivan ; Mrs. Charles B. Golds-
borough, President of James Henry Parker Chapter ; Mrs.
Henry Pearson, Mr. John Hays Hammond, Mr. George Sul-
livan. Mr. Charles Herbert Silliman, and the gentlemen as-
sociate members of the Chapter
THE VIRGINIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. CLASSELL FITZHUGH, CHARLOTTESVILLE.
Our Division appears to be forging forward in all lines of
U. 1'. C. work.
Albemarle Chapter. No. 1, at a most enthusiastic meeting
lately offered a prize to high school students for the best
essay on some subject selected by the Chapter. Our his-
torical work is quite interesting, combining history with our
regular metings, which adds a social feature' to the evening.
The Junior Auxiliary has reached forty-five members under
the leadership of Miss Nancy Gordon.
Warren Rifles Chapter, at Front Royal, has well-attended
meetings and is planning to have a "Social Evening" with the
younger members shortly.
The Rawley Martin Chapter grows in interest along all
lines of U. D. C. work. Meetings are well attended, and in-
terest is kept up by combining the historical, business, and
social features. In historical work the Chapter is pressing
forward. Its work this year is a beginning in the preserva-
tion of its local Confederate history in five volumes, as fol-
lows: "Muster Rolls," "Reminiscences of Veterans," "Wom-
en of the Confederacy." "Daughters of the Confederacy,"
and "Stories of Faithful Slaves."
The annual happy gathering and banquet of the R. E. Lee
Camp and Chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy was
held on January 19. The most exhilarating feature of the
evening was the presentation of a handsome gold cross of
honor by the Virginia Division to Mrs. J. E. Alexander for
her affection and labor, which have so materially aided in
perpetuating the memories of the Southern soldiers in the
last half century.
The most wonderful Junior Chapter in the Virginia Di-
vision and doubtless in the General Division is the Staunton
Junior Auxiliary. Under the able leadership of Mrs. J. F.
F. Cassell it has grown to six hundred and is doing effective
work. This is the first and only Junior Confederate Chapter
to take out a "Life Membership of the Confederate Museum"
and offers a prize again this year to the pupils of the public
school for the best composition on a given Confederate sub-
ject; also a prize is offered to the one selling the most Con-
federate seals.
At a meeting of the First District of the Virginia Division,
held at Tazewell on April 4, Mrs. W. C. N. Merchant, of
Chatham, was unanimously indorsed for the office of Re-
cording Secretary General LT. D. C, to be filled at Dallas in
November.
Under the time limit imposed by the constitution, Mrs. F.
M. Williams. Recording Secretary General, and Mrs. C. B.
Tate, of Virginia. Treasurer General, will be ineligible for
28o
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
reelection ; and it was felt that the retirement of these dis-
tinguished officers at the same time gave Virginia an oppor-
tunity to present a candidate for Recording Secretary Gen-
eral whose conspicuous ability and long experience in the
work would be most valuable. Mrs. Merchant has served the
Virginia Division as President, as Recording Secretary, and
as Shiloh Director, and in these varied departments her con-
scientious discharge of duty and her executive talents have
been universally appreciated. The announcement of her
candidacy has been received with approval in many quarters.
i-kl.
THE TEXAS DIVISION.
EY MRS. EDITH E. T. LESSING, WACO.
The twentieth annual convention of the Texas Division,
U. D. C, held at Austin on December 7-9, was largely at-
tended, and great enthusiasm was displayed. The Chapter
delegates came bringing in their sheaves of accomplished
work until a mighty harvest was garnered.
Three new Chapters have been organized during the year,
a memorial tablet has been placed to a departed hero, and
the U. D. C. of Llano have erected a Confederate monu-
ment. The Mary West Chapter, of Waco, was a prize win-
ner in the Division contests for 1915, Mrs. Susan Thornton
Price being first with her poem in the literary contest and
Mrs. J. Finley Smartt, Historian of the Chapter, bringing
home the silver loving cup given for best historical work.
The great objects of interest now before the Division are
the building of a Jefferson Davis Highway across the State,
the Memorial Red Cross window at Washington, and aiding
in the Memorial Hall in honor of Mr. Cunningham, of the
Veteran.
It seems a large proposition ; but whenever the U. D. C.
of Texas put their hearts and hands to any work, great or
small, a few years find the task accomplished, whether it
be a victrola to amuse the beloved old veterans of the six-
ties or a home for Confederate widows.
The officers elected at the convention were : Mrs. Eleanor
O. Spencer, President: Mrs. Oscar Bartholds, First Vice
President; Mrs. Fred Fox, Second Vice President; Mrs. W.
G. Baker, Third Vice President; Mrs. J. W. Doremus, Fourth
Vice President; Miss Libbie Wade, Recording Secretary;
Mrs. Bascom Bell, Corresponding Secretary ; Mrs. J. F. Bur-
ton, Treasurer; Mrs. Milton Morris, Registrar; Mrs. W. K.
Saunders, Historian ; Mrs. Forest Farley, Custodian ; Mrs.
W. P. Baugh, Recorder of Crosses ; Mrs. M. D. Farris, Poet
Laureate.
A regular solicitor has been appointed by Mary West
Chapter, of Waco, to gather subscriptions for the Veteran,
and we hope for results.
THE KENTUCKY DIVISION.
BY MRS. LINDSAY PENDLETON, EDITOR.
The Confederate veterans of Ben Hardin Camp, at
Lawrenceburg, recently tendered a very enjoyable banquet to
the Capt. Gus Dedman Chapter, U. D. C, of Anderson County.
The Chapter numbers fifty-nine members ; but of the five hun-
dred Anderson County boys who went to the front in 1861,
two companies with the Orphan Brigade and two with John
Morgan's Cavalry, only about thirty now answer the Camp
roll call. These survivors are always enthusiastic in plan-
ning an entertainment for the Daughters.
Adjutant J. S. Coke issued written invitations to the ban-
quet, and when the Daughters arrived at the Lawrenceburg
Hotel they were received by the Commandant, Judge John
H. Crain, and a committee of veterans, while the orchestra
played a special selection of Southern airs.
The dining room presented a bright scene, hung in the
glowing colors of the Confederacy and with two long tables
decorated in cordons of red ribbon, forming a latticework
the entire length through the center of the tables. On this
at regular intervals were red blooming plants in red bowls.
The place cards bore a picture of the Confederate flag, with
John Dimitry's eulogy of it, and were complimentary from
the Veteran.
Before the company was seated, Col. John Botts, proprietor
of the hotel and noted as one of the most genial hosts in
Kentucky, made a welcome speech ; and after coffee was
served, Judge Crain, Commandant, added a full haversack of
hospitality in gracious words. The Chapter President, Mrs.
R. S. Collins, made a charming response and then called upon
other members for messages and toasts. During these little
indulgences the Adjutant placed in the hands of each Daugh-
ter a copy of the Veteran as a souvenir, on the cover of
which was the picture of Mrs. Odenheimer, President Gen-
eral U. D. C, and containing an account of the San Fran-
cisco convention.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
March 9 to April ii, 1916.
Arkansas : Mary Graham Chapter, C. of C, Camden, $2 ;
John C. Darr Chapter, Athens, $2.50. Total, $450.
California: Gen. Joseph Wheeler Chapter, $5; Southland
Chapter, $5 ; Gen. Tyree H. Bell Chapter, $5 ; Bay Cities Chap-
ter, $5. Total, $20.
Georgia: Sarah E. Horniday Chapter, Ellaville, $4; Julia
Jackson Chapter, C. of C, Atlanta, $1 ; Abbeville Chapter,
$1 ; Atlanta Chapter, $25; U. C. V. Camp, Rome, $1; Miss
Annie Wallerstein (personal), $1. Total, $33.
Mississippi: J. M. Crafton, Company E, Mississippi Infantry,
Walthall's Brigade, $5; R. F. Morrison, Company B, — Mis-
sissippi Regiment, $2 ; Mrs. R. L. Covington, Shiloh Commit-
tee, $14; Bedford Forrest Chapter, Hernando, $10; E. F.
Waits (personal), $5; J. F. Gish (personal), $1 ; Neil Morri-
son (personal), 50 cents; Nettleton Chapter, $450; Thomas
L. Hannin, Jr. (personal), Pittsboro, $1. Total, $43.
Tennessee : Gen. A. P. Stewart Chapter, Chattanooga, $25 ;
Sarah Law Chapter, Memphis, $40; Mrs. T. J. Latham (per-
sonal), Memphis, $10; Clark Chapter, Gallatin, $5; W. D.
Morris, for the 5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $10;
G. J. Powers, for the 5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris
$5; Joe Wheeler Chapter, Stanton, $5; Mary Latham Chap-
ter, Memphis, $30; John R. Neal Chapter, Spring City, $5;,
Fort Donelson Chapter, Dover, $21 ; Gen. A. P. Stewart
Chapter. Chattanooga, for Lee picture, $2.50; Fifth Tennessee
Regiment Chapter, Paris, $4540- Total, $203.90.
Texas: Pelham Chapter, Orange, $5; William P. Rogers
Chapter, Victoria, $5; John M. Jolly Chapter, Marlin, $2.50;
Lavinia Porter Talley Chapter, Temple, $2.50; Bosque Chap-
ter, Meridian, $1 ; Joseph B. Magruder Chapter, Commerce,
$1. Total, $17.
Total collections since last report, $321.40; interest, $81.10.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report, $24,818.33.
Refund to Mrs. White, $34.62; to Mrs. Hall, $1.83; F. C
Hibbard. fourth payment, $4,000.
Total in hands of Treasurer to date, $21,184.38.
Qor>federat^ l/eterai}.
281
Ibietorian General's IPaoe
l:V .MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, GA.
"The True Story of Jefferson Davis" and "The True Story
jof Abraham Lincoln" were crowded out of "What the South
Way Claim" and will be published in pamphlet form as soon
as funds are available; also "The True Story of John Wilkes
Booth" and "The True Story of John Yates Beall" will ap-
pear as soon as possible.
The expense of publishing "What the South May Claim"
ihas been greater than was expected, and there are no funds
.available to distribute it; so after a sample copy has been
sent to each President and Historian for two cents' postage,
the rem. lining copies will be sold for ten cents to defray
cost.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR JULY, 1916.
Merrimac and .Monitor.
(Answers In lie found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 18-21.)
Ritual.
[. Who first offered plans for an ironclad warship? When
Bin they finally accepted?
2. Who suggested using the sunken Merrimac? When
and why had it been raised?
,;. What confusion arose as to Brooke's plans being ac-
cepted?
j,. When was the name changed, and why? Winn first
launched?
5. Xame of fust commander and his fate? Relate first en-
counter and result.
ii What was the effect of tins encounter .1! the North?
7. Describe the Monitor. What advantage had she over the
Virginia (Merrimac)?
8. Describe the victory of the Virginia.
p. Xame other commanders and what was accomplished bj
them.
10. Tell the Cycloratna story.
11. What is the duty of the South in regard to this?
Reading: "The Monitor and Merrimac;" "Commodore
Tatnall."
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR JULY, 1916.
The Confederate Navy,
( Answers in "Historical Sins of Omission and Commis-
sion." pages 21-23.)
Ritual.
1. Tell the story of the Little David. What is a sub-
narinc?
What ship carried the Confederate flag around the
vorld?
g. What ship captured in two days seven ships loaded with
iii'l.i-scs and sugar?
I Where was the last gun of the Confederacy tired?
5. Where was a navy yard that was far away from the sea?
6. What ship was released under bond from Commodore
fanderbilt? Was the bond ever paid?
7. Tell the story of Captain Herndon and the Central
\merica.
B Why did Admiral Farragut join the Union army when
e was Southern-born?
9. Give sketches of Admiral Semmes and Matthew Maury.
Reading: "The Sinking of the Housatonic." (See article
following.)
THE SINKING OF THE HOUSATONIC.
("History of the Confederate States Navy." By J. T.
Scharf, LL.D. Pages, 760 and 761.)
"The fish torpedo boat that d eral gunboat
Housatonic off Charleston Harbor was built at Mobile, Ala.,
13 by Hundley & McClintock and was arranged with a
pair of lateral fins, by the use of which she could be sub-
merged or brought to the surfai r motive power was a
hand propeller worked by eight men. and it was intended that
she should dive under a v< gg'ng a torpedo after her,
which would explode on contact with the hull or keel of the
. the 'fish' making off on the other side. She was
ded with tanks which could be filled or emptied of
■ displacement, but there
was no provision for a storage of air. During an experi-
ment at Mobile she sank, and before she could be raised the
rt were suffocated.
"In Febru 1. Beauregard accepted this boat for use
at Charleston. Lieuti yme, C. S. X , and a crew of
eight men were preparing to take her out for action one night
when she swamped by the wash . I teamer, and
all hands except Payne were drowned, four times she sank,
and four times she was raised. General Reauregard was
asked by Lieut. George E. Dixon to try her against the
Housatonic, a splendid new- ship of war, which lay in the
North Channel off Beach Inlet. Beauregard consented, but
only on condition that she should not be used as a sub-
marine machine, but operating on the surface of the watet
and with a spar torpedo in the same manner as the David.
All the thirty or mon men who had met death in the 'fish'
were volunteers; but Dixon had no difficulty in finding an-
r volunteer crew ready to take the same risks.
"It was a little before nine o'clock on the evening of Feb-
ruary 17 when Master J. K. Crosby, officer of the deck of the
Housatonic, detected the torpedo boat a scant hundred yards
away from the ship. It looked to him like 'a plank moving
along the water,' and before he decided to give the alarm
d lost seconds in which he might have saved In
sel. Win 11 be did pass the word, her cable was slipped, her
engine backed, and all hands called to quarters; but Dixon
had closed on her and fired his torpedo on the starboard
side extending below her water line, and she went
ir minutes. Five on the Housatonic were killed by the
1. or drowned; the remainder took refuge in the fleet.
"But the victory of the 'fish' was fatal to her crew.
Whether she was swamped by the column of water thrown
up by the explosion or was carried down by the suction will
ni ver be known, but the lives of all on board were sacrificed.
"After the war. when the wrecks off Charleston were re-
moved, she was discovered lying on the bottom about one
hundred feet from the Housatonic, with her bow pointing to
the latter."
(Gen. James G. Holmes, of Charleston, says that Capt.
James Smith, a diver, of Charleston. S. C, told him that his
father and his partner had searched some five acres of the
bottom around where the Housatonic was sunk trying to
find the Little David in order to receive the $100,000 offered
for it by P. T. Barmtm. It could not be found, and they
supposed the strong outgoing tides had carried it into the
depths 1
282
Confederate Veteran.
Confeberateb Southern /Iftemotial association
Mrs. W. J. Behan President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwei.i Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson* Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Mtss Mary A. Hall Historian
1105H Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J. Exders ROBINSON Corresponding Secretary
113 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lea
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Louisiana— New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi— Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jonei
South Carolina — Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beck with
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Fraztr
Virginia — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham, Ala.
THE CONFEDERATED SOUTHERN MEMORIAL
ASSOCIATION.
The Confederated Southern Memorial Association met in
convention in the city of Birmingham, Ala., May 15-18, 1916.
The opening meeting was large and enthusiastic. Greetings
were extended by Gen. Bennett H. Young, the mayor, the
Wilcox and Hardee Camps, U. C. V., and the President Gen-
eral U. D. C. By invitation of the C. S. M. A., Hon. John
N. Tillman, member of Congress from Arkansas, went to
Birmingham to speak for the refunding of the cotton tax.
He received a grand ovation. At the conclusion of his
speech Mrs. C. B. Bryan, of Memphis, Tenn., offered a vote
of thanks to Mr. Tillman for his efforts in behalf of the Con-
federate veterans and for accepting the C. S. M. A. invitation.
She then offered a resolution asking the C. S. M. A. to in-
dorse House Bill No. 458, which was introduced in Congress
by Mr. Tillman December 6. 1915. This vote was given with
a rousing cheer. The daily sessions of the convention were
well attended, and good work was accomplished.
The Stone Mountain Monumental Association was indorsed,
and all Associations were requested to contribute to this
grandest of all Confederate monuments. Many contributions
and pledges were received for the "President's Chair," which
is the testimonial to the women of the sixties to be placed in
the Red Cross Memorial Building, in Washington, D. C. Re-
ports were read from Associations organized in 1866, giving
data relating to these Associations during the past fifty years.
Mrs. J. C. Lee's resignation was received with regret, and the
appointment of Mrs. R. P. Dexter was confirmed. Mrs. J.
C. Lee and Mrs. M. A. Allen, of Montgomery, Ala., were
elected honorary life members for long and faithful serv-
ices as Memorial women.
A delicious luncheon was served by the local committee
during the three days of the convention. A reception compli-
mentary to the Memorial women was given at the Southern
Club, and an automobile ride also was arranged for the Me-
morial women.
The memorial service under the joint auspices of the U. C.
V. and the C. S. M. A. took place at noon on Wednesday.
May 17, in the U. C. V. auditorium. Rev. J. W. Bachman,
Chaplain General U. C. V., made the opening prayer. General
Green, who was to have spoken for the Confederate dead, was
prevented from attending by illness. The Rev. Dr. Albert
Sidney Johnson, of Birmingham, Ala., spoke in behalf of the
Memorial women. His address was magnificent and elicited
loud and continued applause. Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle,
Poet Laureate of the C. S. M. A., gave her poem to the
"Unknown Dead," accompanied by Miss Marjorie Castiglione
with a refrain on the violin. This beautiful feature was very
effective. The death roll of the veterans was read by Gen.
William E. Mickle, Adjutant General U. C. V., and that of
the C. S. M. A. was read by Miss Hodgson, Recording Sec-
retary General. The hymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee." was
sung by the whole assemblage. The closing word was by
Mrs. W. J. Behan, and Rev. Arnold E. Wright, Assistant
Chaplain General U. C. V., gave the benediction. Taps
sounded, and the memorial exercises thus ended.
Three thousand or more cotton tax badges were distributed
by members of the C. S. M. A. The veterans were anxious
to wear them and to support the Tillman cotton tax bill.
Resolutions of appreciation were passed, and the 1916 C. S. M.
A. convention adjourned to meet in Washington in 1917.
Resolutions Adopted by the Seventeenth Annual Con-
vention of the Confederated Southern Memorial
Association at Birmingham. Ala., May 18, 1916.
Your Committee on Resolutions submits the following :
We found kind, thoughtful consideration given by the
various committees for our comfort and pleasure. The beauti-
fully decorated halls evinced a warm welcome, and our Presi-1
dent, as usual, amid hundreds of calls upon her, proved her-
self a women of fine executive abilitly, ever just and impar-
tial in her decisions.
The convention strengthens the memorial ties, and the
younger members feel a greater reverence for our sacrec
cause.
The address of welcome by Mrs. R. P. Dexter, State Vio
President, opened the convention in a most beautiful am
fitting manner.
The Commander in Chief of the Veterans, Gen. Bennett H
Young, gave a talk which was an inspiration to all who hat
the pleasure of hearing him.
The President General U. D. C, Mrs. Odenheimer, made
an ?ddre?5 replete with general information of the work sc
dear to our hearts. Mrs. W. J. Behan, our beloved Presi
dent, introduced Hon. John H. Tillman, of Arkansas, whe
spoke at length on the cotton tax bill, and his remarks were
enthusiastically received and unanimously indorsed.
We wish to express sincere thanks to the city of Birming
ham for courtesy, cordiality, and hospitality extended to out
Association ; to Mrs. Chappel Cory, Chairman of the Enter
tainment Committee, for courtesies shown us, and particularly
to the Cable Company for use of the hall; to the Church 0
Advent for the parish house; to the ladies who so generoush
provided delicious lunches during the convention ; also to thosi
S-
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai).
283
charming women who added greatly to the pleasure of the
occasion by opening the hospitable doors of the beautiful
Country Club and providing delicious refreshments and in-
spiring music during the afternoon of May 16 and for the no
less beautiful courtesy at the Southern Club by these same
gracious hostesses on Wednesday afternoon, and the enjoy-
able ride of Thursday brought to a close the most profitable
and delightful convention of 1916; and to the press for ably
reporting all proceedings.
We feel that much good has been accomplished by this
convention, through which perfect harmony has prevailed.
Committee : Mrs. Pauline J. Hauseman. of Alabama, chair-
man ; Mrs. Robert H. Jones, of N'orth Carolina ; Mrs. S. A.
Moreno, of Florida ; Mrs. William Patrick Anderson, of
Georgia.
A NOBLE WOMAK OF THE SOUTH
A long and useful life closed when Mrs. Sophie Keron
Hatton, widow of Gen. Robert Hatton, of Tennessee, lay
down the burden of age and passed into realms immortal.
She had reached the ripe age of eighty-nine years, some sixty
of which were lived in Tennessee, fifteen in Japan, eight in
Georgia, and four in California. Mrs Hatton was in every
way a worthy companion of her distinguished husband ; and
when he fell at
Seven Pines in
May, 1862, he left a
widow who was as
true, as noble, as
great as was the
gallant General him-
self. Shrinking not
from the responsi-
bilities of her
widowhood. she
bravely assumed the
burden of rearing
her family, largely
making their sup-
port ; and through
the long and busy
years of life she re-
mained ever faith-
ful to the memorj
of him who was the
companion of her
short wifehood, her
every thought of him a tribute of 1 ive and loyaltj
her death a yellowed paper was found underneath his minia-
ture in the original box, and in the faded ink could be read
the following:
"This miniature I had taken at Fredericksburg for my
wife, who is at Lebanon. Tenn., my home. The breastpin
in which it is placed was purchased by her at Nashville and
sent to me in the month of May last, whilst I was in camp in
Tennessee, with a request that I should have my picture taken
and put in it for her. No opportunity has offered till now.
Should it fall into the hands of a stranger, will he send it,
if practicable, to Mrs. S. K II at! mi. Lebanon. Tenn.? It will
be worthless to him; to her it may afford pleasure.
R. Hatton.
Colonel "tli Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers."
k HATTON.
Among the truly great women of the South, none have sur-
passed Mrs. Hatton in greatness of soul, and few have been
her equal in unselfish and untiring devotion to Christ and to
the needs of humanity. For eight years Mrs. Hatton was
State Librarian of Tennessee, being reelected three times.
She finally resigned in order to live with her daughter in
California. While State Librarian she organized the Nash-
ville Relief Society and was its first President. This society-
has developed into the Associated Charities of Nashville,
which is ranked as one of the best institutions of its kind in
the country. For many years Mrs. Hatton was a member
of McKendree Church. Nashville, and had a part in its activi-
ties. She was ever in her place in the prayer meeting and
was a member of Dr. 0 P Fitzgerald's noted class meeting.
She taught in its Sunday school and in the afternoon was
always found in a mission school in North Nashville. In
Japan she entered into the work of the mission and was the
loved grandmother of all the missionary children. Having
taught for years, she was prepared to direct the studies of her
three grandchildren in a land where there were no school priv-
ileges for English-speaking children. She thus solved a great
problem in their home, enabling her daughter to enter ac-
tively into missionary labors.
Mrs. Hatton was a woman of unusual ability and strength
of character. Added to this, she had the equipment of a
higher education and thus was prepared for the great work
she was able to do in the after years. She was a woman of
much prayer and had an intimate acquaintance with the Bible.
She traveled a long, weary road during the fifty-four years
of her widowhood; but now she sleeps, and she sleeps well,
for ^he sleeps in Jesus. Death came to her suddenly at the
home of her son-in-law. Rev. W. E. Towson. of Eastman,
Ga.. on the 12th of March. 1916.
The funeral was held in Lebanon. Tenn.. her old home and
the place from which her husband started with his soldiers.
On the way from the church to Cedar Grove Cemetery, ac-
companied by a remnant of her husband's old brigade, the
funeral cortege passed the draped statue of General Hatton.
which stands on the public square. She was buried by the
side of her husband ami her only son. She leaves two chil-
dren. Miss Manie Hatt in, of Nashville, Tenn.. and Mr-
son, and three grandchildren.
[From tribute by Rev. W. E. Towson. in Christian
rate.l
FEDERATE MEMORIAL PAY.
BY (i I ! \CK.
War's panoply lies mingled with the dust.
Low chant the winds in temples vast and dim
Or breathe o'er green Valhallas death's sad hymn
For all the honored brave with voices hushed.
Time's children come and go; grave's iron doors rust;
Vet valiant deeds and love may never die.
To-day the garland and the tearful eye
We give to victims of war's horrid lust.
Let heaven trace with pencils of sun gold
The names of those who bravely fought and bled ;
Bring roses, jasmine, fragrant blossoms fair.
And place them o'er the hearts so still and cold ;
And let this day be named fore'er and e'er
Love's tribute to the Southland's warrior dead.
2*4
Qopfederat^ tfeteraij.
\V. C. BRONAUGH,
Commanding Western Brigade, Missouri Division, U. C. V.
WESTERN BRIGADE, MISSOURI DIVISION, U. C. V.
The
during
Col.
Staff.
Col.
Maj.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Col.
Mai.
Maj.
following staff officers have been appointed to serve
the ensuing year :
Horace B. Bushnell, Adjutant General and Chief of
W. F. Bahlman, Assistant Adjutant General.
J. M. Spangler, Inspector General.
A. A. Pearson, Judge Advocate.
W. F. Mitchell, Commissary.
C. Lester Hall, Chief Surgeon.
J. H. Renfro, Chief of Artillery.
J. T. McMahan. Chief Ordnance.
J. G. Senior, Chief of Infantry.
W. D. Steele, A. D. C.
J. A. Bushnell, A. D. C.
W. C. Bronaugh,
Brigadier General Commanding Western Brigade;
Horace B. Bushnell,
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff.
A REMINISCENCE.
BY MRS. J. E. HIEBLER, M LEOD, MISS.
The Commercial-Appeal of January 24 reported the death
of Maj. James Hamilton Trezevant on the previous Thurs-
day morning at his home, in Houston, Tex., aged eighty-one
years. High tribute was paid to this veteran of the War
between the States. This recalled to me Major Trezevant's
wife, his young brother, Kruger, and Misses Emma and
Nannie Davidson, his wife's sisters, who were refugees in
Mississippi during the summer of 1863. They were, with the
exception of Miss Nannie and her governess, Miss Ames,
entertained at my father's home, in Macon. Mrs. Trezevant
and her sisters were daughters of United States Senator
Davidson, of Amite, La.
These were elegant people. All were musicians, performing
on the piano and the guitar; and I, then a little girl, found
much pleasure in their society. In fancy Kruger's splendid
voice is heard in "Missouri, Missouri, Bright Land of the
West," and "Maryland, My Maryland," war-time melodies;
but the "song that reached my heart" was "Lorena." The
pathos of that song appealed to me even as a child. One of
Kruger's favorites was a parody on "The Old Playground,"
sung to the same air. It was inscribed by Major Trezevant
to Gen. Braxton Bragg, and the words were as follows :
"I'm sitting to-night on the navy yard wharf,
Where you and I have sat so oft together,
Thinking of the joys and all of those 'ahoys'
When you and I stormed the fort together.
There is Greeley, of the Tribune, and Raymond, of the
Times,
Both struck with a great hallucination;
They speak a new crusade, where fire and sword are made
The instruments of our regeneration."
After the close of the war I was spending the summer on
the eastern shore of Mobile Ray. Gen. Braxton Bragg was a
visitor there ; but I did not have an opportunity to sing for
him the lines quoted above, which would have recalled days
so near to the hearts of Confederate veterans, who say: "For
memory is a day so dear we would not lose it for a crown."
I recall only two stanzas, and these may not be verbatim. I
am sure that the last line of the second stanza was given with
more emphasis than I have written. I doubt that there is
another copy extant, unless the Major's first wife, Fannie,
preserved it. If, however, any one has a copy, I should be
pleased to have the other stanzas.
GEN. JAMES I. METTS,
Commanding North Carolina Divisii n, U.C. V.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
28=
THE REUNION IN BIRMINGHAM.
[Continued Erotn page ^47.)
BGod. outgeneraled, fought for a cause infinitely nobler than
that which sent Germany to war. And when I saw little Bel-
«! gium trying to check the onslaught of that army, I thought
■ of that same little army which fifty years ago set the example
to Belgium by its resistance of the hordes of invaders from
I the North. When I saw war conducted by wireless, by tele-
|, phone, and by telegraph. I thought of you men, who often
Riand-to-hand engaged the foe and feared not. When I saw
the lines of conscriptionists, and when I heard those band1;
playing, endeavoring to create a patriotic sentiment, I thanked
God that I belong to America and to that part of the country
whi. h sent men to war. not because they had to fight, but be-
cause they wanted to fight.
"Mind you, I am not trying to glorify you in what I say;
; pen and tongue arc incompetent for that task. The angels
in heaven have been attending to that for fifty years. And
what I have said goes also to the women, and especially to
the women of the Old South.
" \nd when I saw that war and what may happen to our
country kept unprepared, and when I considered the fate of
{Belgium and realized that under similar conditions our peo-
ple would suffer what those people hail suffered, it was then
that 1. wdio am the son of a soldier and the grandson of a
soldier, came home cured of a delusion that war under cer-
tain conditions could be beautiful. Bui 1 also came home with
the firm conviction that America should not remain unpre-
pared. And because I believe that the Providence which has
been looking after the affairs of fouls, drunkards, idiots and
cripples, and the United Stairs of America may not always do
so; because I believe that tin besl insurance for peace is pre-
paredness for the other thing — because of these things I want
to see all of my country, and especially the South, equi
|vith the strongest army, the best navy, and supplied with the
st coast defenses money can buy and manhood can com-
and "
CAPTURED FLAGS S> >UGHT.
BY ALEXANDER FCKEL. CHAIRMAN. KNOXVILLE, IIVX
he Department of Tennessee. G. A. K.. has undertaken to
:ollect the regimental flags of the different Tennessee regi-
ments and store them in some secure place for safe-keeping.
For that purpose the Encampment appointed a committee of
three, consisting of Alexander F.ckel, of Knoxville; Joel I.
Piott. of Athens; and Newton 1 lacker, of Joiiesboro. Tenn.
The 2d Tennessee Infantry was captured at Kogersville,
Gen Sam Jones in command, by the 4th Kentucky Cavalry.
The 4th Infantry was captured by General Wheeler's com-
mand at McMinnville.
The 3d Cavalry was captured at Sulphur Trestle by Gen-
eral Forrest's command.
The 8th Infantry lost its flag in the battle of Utoy Creek,
it is thought, by General Bate's division.
The 7th Cavalry was captured somewhere in West Ten-
nessee March 24, 1864, it is supposed, by Forrest's command.
The nth Cavalry was captured, but there is no record of
the place or the date.
The 14th Cavalry was captured at Fort Pillow in April.
\l864. by General Forrest's command.
I In these times of good feeling and fraternity existing be-
tween the old veterans of both armies, when these captured
Jlags arc being returned to the men who followed them through
that bloody struggle, this committee is desirous of ascertain-
ing if any of the flags of the commands mentioned are still in
existence and where located and to ask for their return. If
not. they would like to know what became of them.
FINE MARKSMAN IN VIRGINIA ARMY.
When the National Democratic Convention was held in
Charleston, S. C, in i860, Daniel Quinn was one of the pages,
and in watching the proceedings of the convention, with its
mighty deliberations and orations of patriotic fervor, he be-
came fired with an ambition to become a statesman or a sol-
dier. He was a little Irish boy who had come to Chai
with his parents in 1840, when he was just four years old.
His boyhood days had been largely spent in hunting small
me outside the city
limits, in which he
1 much skill
with the rifle. As the
war came on in 1861
he debated with hitn-
Jfl ~f I \^W* self whether it was
J^V'x ^B better to go to school
—^W ■ or to war. Impulsive-
ly choosing the latter,
he left home, went to
Richmond. Va . and
enlisted in Company
I. 1st Regiment of
South Carolina V il-
unteers. Col. Maxey
Gregg, being then
sixteen years old. He
b( ime one of the ex-
pert shots of the
In the battle
of Gaines's Mill, while
our line of battle lay
on a hill awaiting orders, the enemy's line on another hill
facing us, in front of their respective lines of battle a Con-
federate and a Union soldier were having a duel. Daniel
Quinn said to his comrades : "Watch me take a shot." He
fired, and the Union soldier fell. For this he received many
encomiums on his skill. In many other battles he demon-
strated his fine marksmanship, making every shot do its
work. He was in the Seven Days' fight about Richmond, in
the battle of Second Manassas. Harper's Ferry, Fredericks-
burg, Chancellorsville, but missed Antietam on account of
illness. In the fall of 1S63 he broke down; and when, sick
unto death, he was about to be sent to the hospital, Captain
Brailsford gave him a Utter in praise of his services. General
Lee issued an order, read throughout the army, discharging
Daniel Quinn with the highest honors as a soldier, saying he
was "fearless in battle." Governor Ronham. of South Caro-
lina, gave him an appointment as a cadet to the Military
Academy, which he entered in January, 1864, to prepare him-
self as an officer in the army. He had been promoted to the
position of a noncommissioned officer for his gallant conduct.
\fter the war Daniel Quinn settled in Augusta, Ga., but
in 1879 he went out West in search of health. While in New
Mexico employed in railroad service he had the misfortune
to lose his right leg. Returning to the South, he made his
permanent home in Miami, Fla.. where, he says, the climate
is ideal, the people hospitable, and tourists come from all
parts of the world at all seasons.
D INIEL QUINN.
286
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
Campaigns and Battles
OF" THE
Army of Northern Virginia
By GEORGE WISE .:
ALEXANDRIA, VA.
This is another valuable addition to
the list of books on the Civil War by
Southern writers, and it deserves a place
among the most valuable. — The Pres-
byterian of the South.
"Campaigns and Battles of the
Army of Northern Virginia" is bound
to win a place, by reason of its intrinsic
merit, among the recognized standard
■works dealing with the subject. — Fair-
fax Herald.
$3.15 by mail, postpaid
The Life Record of H. NY. Graber, a Terry Texas Ranger,
1861-1865. (Reviewed by James H. McNeilly, D.D.)
The story of a heroic life should be inspiring to youth as
well as interesting to age. In this record of H. W. Graber we
have the story of a life of heroism in the face of difficulties and
dangers that would have overwhelmed a weak or timid soul.
H. W. Graber was born in Bremen, Prussia, in 1841. At
twelve years of age he came with his father to Texas. In one
year his parents died, leaving him with the care of younger
children. The orphan boy bravely undertook the task; and,
with the help of an uncle, by his faithfulness and efficiency he
made good. He had received the elements of a good educa-
tion before leaving his native land, and this added to his ef-
fectiveness in service and formed the basis of a wider culture.
When the War between the States began in 1861, he at once
took the side of the South as the cause of liberty and right-
eousness. The larger portion of this volume is the account of
thrilling, experiences as a member of that noted command,
Terry's Texas Rangers. It is a story of arduous service, of
dangerous expeditions, of daring achievements, of fearful per-
ils escaped, of a heroism that never hesitated in the perform-
ance of duty. Then came that nightmare for the South, the
days of Reconstruction. And his experiences in those trying
times are a revelation of courage that defied the forces of out-
rageous tyranny and oppression.
This record of sixty-two years is valuable as history, show-
ing the spirit of the Confederate soldiers in the contest for
constitutional liberty and also the spirit of our foes, culminat-
ing in the horrors of Reconstruction. Comrade Graber has
rendered a real service to our cause. Only a limited edition
of the book was issued, and only a few copies remain. Order
from Gen. H. W. Graber, 1714 Bennett Avenue, Dallas, Tex.
Price, $2, postpaid.
J. C. Nelson, of Sharpsburg, Ky., is
anxious to obtain a copy of the story
"Zilpah," which was published in the
Louisville (Ky.) Weekly Courier-Jour-
nal about thirty-five years ago. This
story, one of the best ever written, was
never put in book form, but it is pos-
sible that some one in the South has
preserved it in a scrapbook. If so,
please communicate with Mr. Nelson.
He also wants a copy of "Ellie; or, The
Human Comedy," by John Esten Cooke,
or any other of Cooke's works in the
original editions.
THE KU-KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
Do you know the story
of the birth of a nation?
This book gives authen-
tic data about the Klan
which brought it into
being, with letters from
charter members and at-
tractive illustrations,
such as the "Mounted
Ku-Klus in Full Regalia"
and the K. K. K. ban-
ner with "fiery-tongued
dragon." It is indorsed
by Confederate organiza-
tions, historians, educa-
tors, and should be in
every library of the coun-
try. Price, 85 cents,
postpaid. Order from the
author. Mrs. S. E. F.
Rose, West Point, Miss.
A. H. Shelton, of Excelsior Springs,
Mo., wants to hear from any surviving
soldiers who were wounded in the bat-
tle of Baker's Creek, Miss., in 1863, and
left in the old Storehouse Hospital at
Edwards Depot. Mr. Shelton was of
Company D, 3d and 5th Missouri In-
fantry.
Mrs. John Blunt Boyd, of Amity,
Clark County, Ark., wants to get in cor-
respondence with some one who knew
her husband as a soldier. She thinks
he enlisted at Calhoun, Ga., and served
to the close of the war. She needs in-
formation of his service in order to se-
cure a pension.
James A. Boone, of Charleston, Mo.,
is trying to verify the record of Wil-
liam Brooks, who is in need of a pen-
sion. He enlisted in the spring of 1861
at Ellijay, Ga., in Company D, nth
Georgia Infantry, under Captain Welch
and Col. G. T. Anderson, and was in
Anderson's Brigade, Hood's Division.
He was in Longstreet's Corps at Get-
tysburg, where he was wounded, and
afterwards went back to his company
and was with Longstreet in East Ten-
nessee.
Mrs. C. E. Jarrott, of Florence, S. C,
wishes to obtain a copy of a pamphlet
entitled "Five Months among the Yan-
kees," which was written by a lawyer
while in Point Lookout Prison, Mary-
land. She is willing to pay a good price
for a copy.
Mrs. Mary A. Short, R. R. No. I
Mesquite, Tex., would like to hear from
some surviving comrade of her husband,
J. L. Short, of Company D, 46th Geor-
gia Regiment, under Captain Cotton and
Major Banodd. He enlisted in 1862,
it is thought.
CONFEDERATE
VETERAN
Uniforms
HIGHEST QUALITY
LOWEST PRICES
Tailor-Made to Your Measure.
Send for Catalogue No. 341
and. Cloth Samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
287
INFORMATION Regarding
GRAVES of CONFEDERATE
PRISONERS OF WAR
who died in the hands of the Union
forces is requested by the War De-
partment in orderthat these graves
shall receive national attention.
Please write, giving name of the
soldier or sailor and burial place, to
Dr. Samuel E. Lewis, Commissioner
Army Medical Library Building
Waibiniton. D. C.
Foster Higfi Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumpinp water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring1
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Tann.
THE BELL COr
Manufacturers of
ADVERTISING NOVELTIES
BADGES. CAMPAIGN BUT-
TONS. FANS. PENNANTS
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN Mill ORDERS
Nashville, Tmnn.
■Mrs. Eva Hasbrouck, 217 South
Fourth East Street, Salt Lake City,
Utah, is trying to get some informa-
tion of Jacob Sliarpe. who went from
Guilford. Nodamay County. Mo., and
inlistcd late in the year of 1S61 or early
n 1862. He never returned. Any in-
formation of him would be gladly re-
vived.
F. C. Ferris, of Galesburg, 111., wants
0 attend the meeting of survivors of the
iege at Vicksburg ( possibly in 1017 I, and
le wants to meet as many of the "boys''
'£ possible He is especially anxious to
enew acquaintance with live Confeder-
ates who sat down at his mess chest and
lie dinner on the day of the surrender.
le also wants to locate a man by the
tame of Mooring, who was a prisoner
If war under his charge at Ship Island
1 the fall of 1864. He thinks he be-
Hlged to the 21st Alabama, as there
fere a number of that regiment at Ship
Island. Mr. Ferris will be very glad
ideed to hear from any of these Con-
jderate friends. He is the brother of
be man who made the great Ferris
Duel.
I. S. Lester, of Dyer, Ark., wants the
names and addresses of all the sur-
vivors of the 1 st Xorth Carolina Cav-
alry, especially of Company H.
Milton Dunn, of Montgomery. La.,
wants information ot Capt. William J.
Hardie and Capt. Richard Turner, of
the Sth Louisiana Dismounted Cavalry.
Thev were last heard from in Texas.
W. P. Watts, of Waverly Hall. Ga..
is trying to help Maj. T. B. Camp, of
that place, secure a pension. Major
Camp was a member of the 7th Texas.
Granbury's I'rigade. Any surviving
comrade will please write to Mr. Watts
He is willing to pay tor information.
Rev. L. F. Hardy, of Palestine. Tex.,
is trying to complete the record of T.
W. Hardy, who enlisted in 1862 from
Minden, La., in the Sth Louisiana Regi-
ment, company unknown. He served
tir^t as orderly, then as quartermaster,
and received his discharge sometime
after the war over at Monroe, La.
Mrs. Bertie Girtman Clopton. t
Miami, Fla . wants to know where her
father, J. W. D. Girtman, was at !he
time of the surrender. He entered the
service October 1, 1861, as a private in
Company K, 2d Georgia Regiment of
Cavalry (Colonel Lawton), Forrest's
Brigade, and was afterwards transit rn <\
to Wheeler's command.
News of Fifty Years Ago.— At a din-
ner party in a Northern city a few weeks
ago one of the guests, of Irish extrac-
tion, was called upon for a toast. He
arose and said : "I give you Gineral But-
ler.-' A general scowl showed plainly
the disapproval of the diner's toast,
whereupon the Irish gentleman quickly-
added: "I give him to you because I
would not have him meself." — Richmond
Times-Dispatch.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
Ithnlriu-J booklet sent on requeyt.
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin :: :: :: ::
Ko. 2270.
Cold-Plat.* $0.2S
a.ll.d Cold 60
Solid Cold 1.00
Solid Gold, M.avv W.IgM t 00
14 Kt. Gold, H.avy W.lght a. 00
POSTPAID
Sp.cl.l pric. en half dot.n or more. Illu.tnatod
prlc. Ms! of Flag, and Cont.d.r.1. Noveltl.a a«nt
en rtqucil.
Catalogue, of Medal., Claaa Pin., Ring., Tro-
phies, Loving Cup., and Bannnr. now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPASE
1S27 F St. N. W.. W..hlngt.n, D. C.
Virtt our Camp /.v<< »i iri„„ . „ WoaMmgtom
Silk Banners, S>
and all kind, st M
Society
Joel Rag £ Regali
Seod for Price Liti
THE BEST PLACB
to purchase all-wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
oi all kind*
vords, Belts, Caps
IIH.nEqolnajaertaa.d
Good* 1* at
a Co* 57 E 96th St
New York City
WATCH US GROW
Southern Tent & Awning Co.
Largest Manulacturers of
TENTS, AWNINGS, TARPAULINS; HORSE, WAG-
ON, and HAYCOCK COVERS; ALL KINDS of BAGS
and ALL SPECIALTIES IN COTTON CANVASS
WE REST TEXTS, T71RP7WL1NS, FOLDiXG GH71IRS
NASHVILLE, TENN.
288
Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
>C
RISE AND FALL OF THE
Confederate Government
The Masterpiece of Confederate Historical Works
HE NEW edition of
this splendid work by
President Davis, the
crowning effort of his life,
was republished from the
original plates and has been
offered at a much lower price
than formerly, and it is com-
mended to all who are inter-
ested in Confederate history.
No other work on the sub-
ject can equal it. This edi-
tion is printed on fine paper,
with the same illustrations as
the original, and handsomely
bound in cloth. Issued in
two volumes. Price, $7.50.
Special Premium Offer
For a limited time this valuable set of books will be given as a
premium for 20 new subscriptions to the Veteran, or it will be
sent with the Veteran one year for only $8, postpaid.
Remember this whe. c0; jT^ng your renewal, or get a new sub-
' V y
scriber and have the books st&ok
■^rself.
Add
ress
THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN
NASHVILLE, TENN.
k
NO. 7
>** * * * *
* 1
RESURGAM
"I shall rise again"
jjpOST Cause! What grief upon the Southland dear,
^ And leaden burden, helpless sorrow lay
When Lee's brave, dauntless remnant of the Gray
Resigned the Cause for which their Chief, austere,
Renounced command and power and high career
In service of that Bond* whose lawful sway
Was trampled by the might of War's array
That left the stricken South bereft and sear!
But grieve no more, O faithful Southern heart!
Fraternal sov' reign ty hath need of thee;
Thy Cause shall rise in light again, reborn.
This peerless Union never may depart
The noble visions t of the Fathers free!
Not "Lost," but Herald of the patriot Dawn!
May, i<?i6. — A. W. LittleHeli.
*The Constitution.
1 Statehood. Federal Union, Constitutional Liberty.
— *■»■». ii . i i «_i.siju_mmiijug .i. .
wl. i i.jmj mimmmmm
290
Qoofederat^ l/eterag,
£7\ S* J m/y II A Limited, Select
ftwora xtollege ™e
ja-»gBai^gM^^^B^^M^ of GIRLS and
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE YOUNG WOMEN
-»A'OCATED in West End, Nashville"s most beautiful residential section,
f\- in close toucK with Vanderbilt University, George Peabody College
/^^ for Teachers, and Centennial Park; in ten minutes of the heart of the
city. Spacious campus, new and up-to-date buildings elegantly furnished.
Personal care guaranteed each pupil.
Kindergarten, Primary, Preparatory, Bible, and College Courses under ex-
perienced Specialists. Conservatory advantages in Music, Expression, and Art.
MRS. E. G. BUFORD, President.
FOR VIEW BOOK, CATALOGUE, WRITE I. H. GIBSON, MURPHY PLACE
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
Dept. V.
St. Cecilia Academy
NASHVILLE, Tennessee
Athens of the South
An ideal preparatory and collegiate institution for the training and education of your daugh-
ter. Students are received regardless of religious convictions, and all have such care as a refined,
cultured home affords. A classified course for pupils, skilled instruction in Music, Art, Lan-
guages, the Sciences, and Expression, an excellent Business Course, and Domestic Science are
some of the manifold advantages offered. To be thorough in everything, to give the best men-
tal, moral, and physical training to each— for over fifty years that principle has governed St. Ce-
cilia. For catalogue, address
MOTHER SUPERIOR
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. ,.„,,,.
Resurgam (poem). By Rev. A. W. Littlefield Frontispiece
First to Reenlist for the War 291
Editorial : "The Truth of History" 292
Cunningham Memorial Fund 293
Aftermath of Prison Life at Chester, Pa. By C. C. Cummings 294
Capt. John A. Mackey— A Tribute. By Calvin Stoddard Crowder 294
Sherman in Peace and War. By John C. Stiles -'95
The Confederate Soldier. By Gen. Henry T. Douglas 297
They Wore the Gray (poem). By Lud E. McKay 298
The Boy Scouts at Birmingham. By Hampden Osborne, M.D 299
The Famous Battle of Hampton Roads. By J. F. Shipp 305
Last Review of Forrest's Cavalry. By D. B. Castleberry 307
A Carpetbagger's View of the Ku-Klux Klan. By A. J. Emerson 308
Bullets Used in the Civil War. By Albeit Kern 310
A Maryland Boy in the Confederate Army. By G. B. Philpot 312
The Valley of Memory (poem). By Susan Thornton Price 315
A German Southern Patriot 328
In the Last Days of the Confederacy. By Mrs. J. P.. W'ilkins 329
A Mystery of the South. By H. D. Allen 330
Departments : The Last Roll 3'6
United Daughters of the Confederacy 300
Sons of Confederate Veterans 324
Confederated Southern Memorial Association 326
THOMPSON'S
MINERAL
WATER
Nature's Pure and Best Tonic
SO DELIGHTFUL
TO DRINK
Delivered Anywhere
Telephone Main 1858
I NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 1
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. I Bull Run , and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department. Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
W ANTED—
Southern ladies of education and re-
finement to travel as field secretaries for
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical
Circle." Must be energetic and over 25
years old. Excellent opening. Apply
to J. STAXDISH CLARK, Business
Manager. 1824 Jefferson Bank Building,
Birmingham. Ala.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter.
Date given t<> subscription is the month of exptrattt
All remittances should He made to the CONPSDBRATB Vl
and all ci irnmunications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn*
OFFICIAL LLr REPRESENTS;
United Confederate Veter
United Davghtei m I i ederacy,
Sons « i Y i i Othj h Organtzati
Coni . i.kn Memori \t. A
T! :'}i men deserve, thev may not win. SUCI
Tin brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
Prick. $1.00 per Year. ,_
Pinole Copy, 10 Cents, f
Vol XXIV.
NASI I VILLK. TENN., JULY. -
j S. A. CI NNINGHAM,
FIRST TO RE-ENLIST FOR THE WAR.
On January i. [864, Gen Joseph E. Johnston promulj
the following :
"I have received official notice thai Strahl's Brigade, Army
of Tennessee, has followed the example of Vaughn's ,md re-
enlisted for the war and that this movement was started by
the 154th Tennessee Regiment of the latter brigade, which has
the honor oi inaugurating this plan." ("Official Records.")
First i\ ihk Army oi Northern Virginu
"January >6, 1864 ["hi has been .1 bright, pleasant day
and a mosi memorable one in the hist < oi Battle's B
General Battle made speeches to each of his regiments,
and the} reenlisted unconditional!} for the war, almost to a
man. 1 never witnessed such unanimity upon a matter of
such vital importance ["he brave t2th Alabama, when 1 <
invitation was given to those wh isired to voluntei
forward two paces, moved forward .1- one man General lit-
tle spoke elegantly and eloquently. Battle's Brigadi is the
first in the Army fi Northern Virginia to reenlist ui
tionally for the war. This is an act of which we may be
proud to our dying day. I rejoice that 1 belong to such a
patriotic body oi (War diary of Capt. Robert Emory
Park, published in "Southern Historical Society Papers,"
Volume XXV] >
On he follow
.1] announci s with gi a n the
-iment of the regiments in this arm} for the war and
the assurance of the theii determinal 1
continue in arms until ind ed. ll is
that this patriotic movement, commenced in the Vn
Tennessee, will be follow.
Northern Virginia. The troops which initiated the move-
ment in this army arc: Hart- South I B ery, I'.attle's
Alabama, Doles's Georgia, Ramseur's North Carolina. John-
North Carolina Brij the nth and 8th Alt
and the 47th North Carolina Regiments." ("Officia
Joint Resolution of Thanks
By Confederate Congress
s< nv ( tiffin >■/ /■/.••■ 1 s^ s<*
DH] RRAS, [he Vtabuna troopi ..imposing
tbc hrigi.i b) Ktig. Gen.
( u&cfl A. Battle, in tit. \rinv of -j.
hit, volunteered in tit.
• tolerate Statci m the catlv part of thft
tear iM-t, upon tbe firtt call for troopi fbl 'y
. t \ ovinia, hate participated in everv battlV,
bj that army front the battle ot Seven P I
■ Gcnnbulg, atlwajn ..inning by their gaj-
.1 deration dctctred prattc anil
n.',., alter ensuring lot nearly three year* the hard-
thirM and danger, of active military „
. urtfert
■ -
^
r
KroolWO, >{
I1MC4. thai iht thank* of
. ■ m
Alabama tTO
'
.latinud.
a heroic dc(e»mir,:u,..n to battle ever until thv mdt-
a otahlnhcd, and 1 .«•-.»*-
(cation to the came r>f liberty worthy oi imitattoa Si
>radc*.
KrooltirD, 'ii»> -he Prcddeni iw r^-,--
oonnunictM j copy <>i 'hc^c re*oluciotu 1
mamier and troop* of end brigade, 11 in 1
the prateful appreciation !>■
.in., heroum during 'he trial I and djn^i
|,. ■ and ol cfai ■ lata ice of pal ■" m
th and reanuring the hope of rhi p
■
29^
Confederate tfeteran.
Confederate l/eteran.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
"THE TRUTH OF HISTORY."
The article in the Veteran for June on "The Truth of the
Hampton Roads Conference" evidently provoked the seer of
the Courier-Journal to another eruption on the subject,
though he quotes from an editorial in a daily paper of a
Western State as the reason for the outbreak. As he made
no response to a letter of protest by the Veteran upon the
appearance of his first objectionable editorials nor gave it
place in the columns of his journal, it is evident that he con-
siders the official organ of the United Confederate Veterans
as beneath his notice. Nevertheless, in an indirect way he
is now giving it attention.
Under date of June 20 Mr. Watterson holds forth on "The
Truth of History'' and proceeds to pervert it. He continues
to assert that President Lincoln made the wonderful offer
of everything for "Union" in the informal conference he had
with Alexander Stephens and other Confederate commis-
sioners at Hampton Roads, Va., in February, 1865 — this not-
withstanding the inconsistent position in which he places the
man of his idolatry, the "Christ-man," who countenanced
such severe measures as the cessation of the cartel of ex-
change, so that prisoners of war continued to suffer and die
by the thousands in order that the ranks of the Confederate
army might not be swelled by its returned soldiers, and who
allowed the ravaging of a country already desolated by a war
of invasion, so that the old men, women, and children should
also suffer in the extreme for their connection with the Con-
federacv ; yea, the "Christ-man" who made no effort at the
beginning of hostilities to bring about a peaceful settlement
of differences between the sections, but showed bad faith in
not keeping the promise as to Fort Sumter and upon its fall
sent out his call for troops to invade the South. What might
not have been the outcome if "faith as to Sumter" had been
fully kept?
In his book on "The War between the States" Mr. Stephens
concludes his report of this famous conference by saying:
"This is as full and accurate an account as I can now give of
the origin, the objects, and the conduct of this conference from
its beginning to its end. In giving it, as stated before, I have
not undertaken to do more than to present substantially what
verbally passed between all the parties therein mentioned."
That is, we take it. he touched upon every phase of the dis-
cussion ; yet he nowhere intimates that he and Mr. Lincoln had
any conference apart from the others in which Mr. Lincoln
made the very inconsistent offer credited to him. He was
already pledged to his position on slavery, for had he not
said in his message to Congress in December before: "If the
people should, by whatever mode or means, make it an ex-
ecutive duty to reenslave such persons, another, and not I,
must be their instrument to perform it"? Under such a
declaration could he have offered to concede everything else
for the restoration of the Union? And what reason could
Mr. Stephens have had for withholding mention of that offer
to his chief at Richmond? Why should Mr. Lincoln have
made such an offer if he had not intended it to have the con-
sideration of the Confederate authorities? He knew that Mr.
Stephens's mission was simply to secure terms of peace for
submitting to Mr. Davis and the Confederate Congress, and
any proposition he made should have gone before them.
Judging Mr. Stephens by the light thrown on his character by
the editor of the Courier-Journal, he was a traitor, indeed, ; )
himself as well as to those who had intrusted him with a
high mission. What could have been his object in writing
one tiling and stating verbally another? If he divulged such
an advantageous offer to Mr. Felix G. de Fontaine, the noted
Southern war correspondent, the night after his return to
Richmond, as Mr. Watterson says he did, why should he not
have reported it to Mr. Davis, who was entitled to know
everything that had transpired?
Mr. Watterson says this wonderfully liberal offer "does not
appear in the official documents because it was not a part of
the formal proceedings, but an aside during an interview be-
tween Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Stephens" ; yet the latter says
this conference was strictly informal, and he makes no refer-
ence to any conference with Mr. Lincoln in which the other
commissioners did not participate. Why should Mr. Lincoln
have made such an offer to Mr. Stephens alone, knowing he
had no power to accept it? If he really made it. Mr. Stephens
evidently considered it an idle expression — a "talking through
his hat" on the part of Mr. Lincoln — not to have passed it
on to his superiors at Richmond for consideration.
Mr. Watterson says : "The Hampton Roads conference
came to naught because the restoration of the Union was a
sine qua non of one party and the recognition of the Confed-
eracy a sine qua non of the other; but when the words 'un-
conditional surrender' are used in this connection as the Lin-
coln ultimatum, they are, to say the least, misleading." Since
Mr. Stephens's report shows conclusively that unconditional
submission to the power of the Federal government was the
only basis upon which there would be a cessation of war upon
the South, one wonders upon what Mr. Watterson bases his
counter assertion. Did Mr. Lincoln make any formal offer of
peace other than upon the surrender of the Confederate army
unconditionally — that is, did he give any assurance as to what
was in store for the people of the South in case of surrender?
Mr. Stephens says he did not, and surely Mr. Stephens knew.
Mr. Watterson further says : "Mr. Lincoln's proposal that
the Southern armies should disband and go home, that the
Southern States should assemble conventions in each of the
several capitals and repeal the ordinances of secession, and,
this done, that they should send their Senators and Repre-
sentatives to Washington to be accepted and received by Con-
gress, was, under the circumstances, a generous offer, not a
demand for 'unconditional surrender.' " Was this an offer
or a mere suggestion? If an offer, it should have carried a
promise that the Southern States would again be admitted to
participation in government affairs without question ; but
nothing was promised. Mr. Stephens brings this out merely
as a suggestion to him in the case of Georgia, and with it
went the condition of ratifying the constitutional amendment
abolishing slavery; and when Mr. Stephens mentioned that
suffering among the old and infirm and children would neces-
sarily attend emancipation in that way, as they could not
support themselves, and asked Mr. Lincoln his plan for pro-
tecting them, the latter responded with an anecdote about the
man who saved time and labor by turning his hogs on the
ungathered crops to feed themselves, and to a neighbor's in-
quiry as to what he expected them to do when winter came
and the ground was frozen he said: "Well, let 'em root."
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
?93
tics of the office am] betrayed by one in whom he had placed
high trust, not on the President of the Confederacy should fall
the blame for thi~ failure to arrange terms of peace, but on
the trusted lieutenant who failed to report the only terms that
could have been accepted.
MISS FI.SIE MOFFATT, SPONSOR FROM VIRGINIA.
Miss Moffatt, one ot the fair representatl e Birming-
ham Reunion, is .1 resident ol Augusta County and an active
! ol Gen, J. E. B St uai 1 1 lhapti 1 nton.
And that is just about the spirit of a majority of those who
were so anxious to frei the slaves
Mr. Watterson says, "The South has no reason to falsify
history or to misread it." yel he deliberately docs both. He
misreads the written record in giving credence to oral state-
ments at variance with such written record, and he falsifies
history in publishing his belii is as proper evidence. He
makes Mr. ate] appear guilty of double-dealing to have
withheld from his reporl the one and only offer worth con-
sidering. He actually says thai Mr. Davis did nol se< \li
Stephens at all alter the conference at Hampton Roads; that
they were nol on friend!} or even speaking relations. In view
of -.hat. it is strange indeed thai Mr. Stephens should pul on
1 d that he and the other commissioners made a verbal re-
Mr. 1 >.iMs and upon the lattcr's
insistence pul it in writing to lax befon the Confederate Con-
thai he should later speak of his "last interview with
Mr. Davis bet,, re leaving Richmond," and that he "left Rich-
mond in no ill humor with Mr. Davis." We prefer to be-
lieve this written testimony of the statl of their relations
rather than tin assertions of one who had no connection with
the principals in this affair and who seems to have sought
('uly to bring disrupt upon them for tin purpose of placing
the other, the "Christ-man." in the Godlike attitude of offer-
ing "peace at any price" for Union. But if proof of tin- an
be shown jhen indeed may we. in the name of justice, let the
proof be' shown! Burdened and harassed bj tin responsibili-
VNINGHAM MEMORIAL FUND.
Previously reported $3
Jefferson County Chapter. I'. D. C. Fayette. Miss...
Camp Pickett. No. 570. (J. i". V., Lockhart, Tex 5 a
Camp Zollicoffer. U C V . Si. Petersburg. Fla 1 00
1'. B. Vaughn, St. g, I la 50
U. P. C. ( lhapti r, Moberly, Mo 5 00
S P. Figgat. Roam ik< , Ya 1 00
T. L. Johnson. Greenbrier, Tenn 1 00
U. D. C. Chapter, Charleston, W. Va 5 01
wen Bivouac, No. 4. Franklin. Tenn 5 00
Y 1 1 W 1 lex j 00
Mrs. J. M 1 lickson, N'ew 1 00
Donelson Bivouac, Gallatin. Tenn 5 00
Mrs. M. M. Force, Selma, Ma 50
Children of tin I deracy, Fan, - C 200
Camp \\ illiam Lee, U. C. V., 1. Ala 4 00
1 $3,21 ; 35
WOMAN DELEGATE fONAL CONVEN1
Mrs. William \. Harris, widow of Ex-SenatOl Harris, was
unanimous!) elected 1 -nsas to the
National Democi ention in Si Louis in June. •'
the three nun who will accompany her had a hard tight to
be chosen. 1 olonel Harris, her husband, was a Confo
colonel under General Lei Hi >\as the only Confederate
ever elected Bice of importance in Kansas. Mrs. Har-
ris is a Yirgiiua lad uty and culture and will be a
prominent figure at the convention, Kansas lately r<
to permit " I In Birth of ., Nation" to In- e n that
State, and it is a tribute to Mrs. Harris's personality that
-lie was selected .1- a delegate in a State
Flora E. Stevens, Kansas City, Mo.
TWICE-TOLD TALI
"A Veteran ol Seven Wars" is the title A. W. Bracey, oi
Lacrosse, Va„ bestows upon himself, and he tells interesting
stories of his "battles" in these wars. "The first war I en-
tered was the war for the Turd. The second war was the
War between the States. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and
seventh wars were the wars in marriage." said Mr. Bracey.
"I have been married live times and am now in my -
war. but the Conflict is not .1 hitler one."
Chaplain William Stanley, of the Orphan Brigade, to whom
he told this story, said he looked like he was good for sev-
1 ral other wars. — Birmingham Reunion News.
Dixie Book of Days.— In America history is not destined
to repeat the folly of long-continued distortion of partisan
narrative. It was marly two hundred years after the English
civil war that England learned of Cromwell's worth as well
as of Cromwell's faults. Yet, because of the constant pro-
ductiveness of our own narrative, we are able in fifty years
from the American struggle to hail the fullness of historical
truth as a prospect not far distant, if not already dawning
upon us. — Matthew Page Andrews.
- '4
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
AFTERMATH OF PRISON LIFE AT CHESTER, PA.
BY C. C. CUM MIXGS, FORT WORTH, TEX.
In the April number of the Veteran' I sketched briefly the
short stay at Chester, Pa., of myself and about two thousand
other Confederate prisoners from Gettysburg. About the
middle of September, 1863, some five hundred of us came
Over to Dixie Land, landing at City Point via the steamer New
York, under Captain Chisholm. We were among the last
exchanged before the cartel of exchange was broken. Grant
ruling that no more should be sent over as the best means
of ending the war. We steamed down the Delaware River ;
ai 1 when we reached Fort Delaware, we were halted and
turned back to Chester on account, it seemed, of something
wrong with the boat's machinery. When it was known that
we were at that awful prison pen, Fort Delaware, we were
seriously apprehensive that we were to be debouched there
to share the fate of thousands of other Confederate prisoners
on that horrid island in the middle of the river ; and we were
greatly relieved when we found what the trouble was, and
we were turned back to Chester to stay only a short while
before we launched out in mid-ocean. For the first time in
my experience, as well as of many others of us, we steamed out
of sight of land, which consumed the night. The next morning
we passed Fortress Monroe, where Jefferson Davis was after-
wards confined, and steamed through Hampton Roads, where
the Virginia (Merrimac) and Monitor had their naval duel,
which marked an epoch in ironclad sea-fighting, passing the
old site of Jamestown, where, on the 13th of May, 1607, began
the first English settlement in America.
My experience in life is that there is something in luck;
for my ward companion, Livingston, was in my detail of
exchange, and at once he accosted Captain Chisholm as an
old acquaintance with whom he had traveled back to Dixie
Land when being exchanged after his former capture in the
battles before Richmond just the year before. Captain Chis-
holm remembered the dark-eyed, raven-haired Floridian, a
soldier of striking appearance and chivalrous bearing, and
gave us a stateroom above deck, while the others were cor-
ralled on deck below, and the next morning they presented
a woebegone appearance from the aftermath of seasickness.
John Best, a sandy-haired, long-whiskered member of my
regiment, was along; and as we boarded the steamer for
our voyage he remarked to me that he had an antidote for
seasickness, showing me a "Black Bess" bottle peeping from
under his apparel as the antidote aforesaid. But on going
below the next morning I encountered Comrade John, and
his bedraggled whiskers spoke of a wrestle with Neptune,
•with a result anything but preposessing. He remarked, alto-
gether superfluously, that "the thing didn't work." I replied,
"John, not the way you thought ; but it worked quite em-
phatically, I see, in another direction," to which he was fain
to agree.
I had read that if one would lie still in his bunk and cover
up his head the motion of the ship would be eliminated and
one would not be seasick. I tried the remedy with signal
success ; and on the next morning while in mid-ocean I was
enabled to enjoy the sight of "Mother Carey's chickens" Cas
the sea gulls are called by sailors) trailing along in the wake
of the steamers, picking up the offal from the vessel, which,
I imagine, was more abundant than usual from the involun-
tary contributions of the landlubbers aboard going to Dixie.
Livingston and I parted at Richmond, he going down to
his home, on the classic St. John's River, whose beauties and
delights were ever on his tongue. In 10,14. during the Jack-
sonville Reunion, we enjoyed the scenery on this beautiful
stream, which Ponce de Leon discovered on landing there on
the Florida coast in 1513. But the nearest I came to finding
my ward companion was a Camp named Livingston at Jack-
sonville, whether for my long-absent comrade no one could
tell me, nor whether he was still on this side of the great
divide.
When we landed with our batch of prisoners at City Point,
Va., on the James River, that September day, I felt that
swelling of heart echoed by Scott's "Lay of the Last Min-
strel" :
"Breathes there the man with soul so dead
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land !
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned
As home his footsteps he hath turned
From wandering on a foreign strand?"
CAPT. JOHN A. MACKEY—A TRIBUTE.
BY CALVIN STODDARD CR0WDER.
"When my time comes to go, I want it to be on some oc-
casion where everybody is happy and the band is playing
'Dixie.' "
There is no one to take heed of the wishes of the heart
but God ; and John A. Mackey, who had walked the paths of
God for over half a century, had his wish granted.
CAPT. JOHN A. MACKEY.
Qopfederat:^ l/eterar?.
- >:
"The blaring band was playing
Just an old-time melody.
And all the air seemed swaying
With a hidden minstrelsy.
Lilting, haunting, it seemed vaunting
Of some mystic victory.
The band was playing 'Dixie.'
Just an old-lime melody."
At the Confederate Veterans' ball in Birmingham. Ala
May 18, 1916, Capt. John A. Mackey was commanded by his
Superior Officer to leave the reunion of his earthly friends
for the reunion celestial and eternal, and he went as he
wished to go, surrounded by smiling faces, while the band
was playing "Dixie "
He was always true to the Old South and its traditions,
and the song he loved most was "Dixie." that melody wdiose
rippling, joyous notes had inspired him on to victory, that
haunting, echoing refrain which had cheered and solaced him
in defeat; and not long before his death ho had said to his
veteran comrades: "When my time comes to go. I want it to
be on some occasion wdierc everybody is happy and the hind
is playing 'Dixie.' "
John A. Mackey was born in Columbia, Tenn. April 24,
1840. True to the traditions of his ancestors, he chose broad,
rolling acres in preference to a more circumscribed calling,
though he was ;1 man of extensive reading and education.
He enlisted in the 2d Tennessee Infantry. Company B, April
2~, 1SO1. Beloved of his comrades, he was captain four
intrepid in danger and fearless in combat, yet withal
gentle as the bravest are gentle \fter the war he moved to
Wartrace, Tenn., and there on February 22, 1866, he was
married to Miss Mar) Elizabeth Alley. lour children
blessed this perfect union. Happy and uneventful were the
years that followed amid the green fields of Tennessee where
this one-time fearless soldier chose to dwell in peace and con-
tent. The year after he married he joined the Christian
Church, though through the broadness of his mind and the
goodness of his heart he loved all Churches as he loved and
was loved by all people. In June. 1010. he lost Ins beloved
wite. and the year following he moved to Birmingham, Via.,
arid soon this city of his adoption came to know and love
him for his cheer, his loving kindness and charity toward all
There was a courtly dignity and grace about this gran
man that stamped him of the old school and the Old South
Memorial services were held by the Confederate veterans
of Birmingham on the Sunday following his death, and then
his grieving daughter, Mrs. Pearl W. Faulkner, and sad
dened son, W. T. Mackey, carried him back, clad in his bi
loved gray, to Tennessee, the State of his birth, and thi
erans of Wartrace paid him the honor that was dm' and left
him to his long last rest. The priceless heritage he left his
children was unspotted honor and an untarnished name \nd
long will the memory of Capt. John A. Mackey he tenderly
cherished and lovingly reverenced.
A FRAGMENT.
They marched all day through cold and heat ;
They marked the ground with bleeding feet :
They hungered, fought died. ' ["was sweet
To march and famish, bleed and die. The noble hand.
With much 10 love, loved most their Southern land.
— Selected.
SHERMAN IX II. 4R AXD PL •
BY JOHN- C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
1 was reading lately of Early's raid to Washington, and I
was overjoyed to see that our people did at last get their
hacks up and burned something. It made me fei
that I had to indorse in the volume "Hurrah for old J
Our efforts, however, in that line were sG puerile as
pared to the artistic efforts of that gentleman who made war
as he is suppos, ,1 to have called it that it bears out the
adage, "Comparisons are odious." I am. without doubt, one
of the most loyal citizens of the United States to-day, and the
Stars and Stripes or "The Star-Spangled Banner" give- me
tile same thrills that the Stars and Bar- or "Dixie" gave my
father; hut I believe it is only fair to those gallant souls who
fought for their ms that the true history of the
should be brought to light, and hence this article.
It is told of a Scotch parson that, after praying for every-
body and everything, he wound up with a supplication 1
"puir de'il," as he knew of no one who needed it more. So
justice to that able soldier, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman.
I can truthfully state that history shows him in an entirely
different light after Johnston's surrender; and the two p
of his character are strongly contrasted in these quotations
from his correspondence, taken from the "Official Re
which cannot he gain
1863.
"The demoralizing and disgraceful practice of pillaging
must cease, or else the country will rise on us and justly
shoot us down like dogs and wild beasts."
"The if burning, stealing, and plundering don
our army makes me ashamed of it. I would quit the service
if I could, because I fear that we arc drifting to the worst
sort of vandalism."
1864.
"We lived off the country and made a swathe of des*
fifty miles aero- sippi, which the present ...
will not forget We bron with US ten miles of nc-
\s to Kentucky secessionists, 1 hope General B
will send them to the Dry Tortugas of Brazil — men, women.
and children — and encourage a new breed."
"I feel tempti ; I start for Savannah and absolutely d
■
"Move toward Dallas, making a good deal of smol
"Burn a 1 ry now and then: and when you I
the road make a big smoke. .1 h .1 barn at li
11 make the march ami make G Owl."
"1 would prefer infinitely to make a wreck of the road and
th- country from Chattanooga to Atlanta, including the
city."
"1 want to make a raid that will make the South feel the
terrible character of our people."
"The poor people come to me and beg as for their lives;
but my answer is: 'Yo« cannot suppose our soldier- will suf-
fer when there is an abundance within their reach.'"
"I am going into the verj bowels of the Confederacy and
propose to leave a trail that will be recognised fifty
hence."
"1 propose to salK forth to ruin Georgia and 1 make
a hole that will he hard to mend."
"I propose to demonstrate to the South that war and
vidua! ruin are synonvmous terms."
296
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
"I am perfecting arrangements to push into Georgia and
make desolation everywhere.''
"Arrest all the people, male and female, no matter what
they i'laim, and let them foot it into Marietta. Let them take
their children and clothing, provided they have means of haul-
1 1 e thing is certain. Atlanta will be a used-up community
1". the time we are done with it."
"We are eating out this valley so that it will not be neces-
sary to come again."
"Send over and burn a few houses of known secessionists
and kill a few at random.''
I propose to march, leaving behind a track of desolation;
and when I leave Atlanta it will contain little of value."
"I will see that Atlanta itself is utterly destroyed."
"The whole army is burning to be turned loose in Carolina;
and. with the experience of the last thirty days, 1 judge that
a month's sojourn in South Carolina will make her less belli-
cose."
"I do believe that the whole United States. North and
South, would rejoice to have this army turned luose on South
Carolina to devastate that State in the manner we have done
Georgia."
"When I move, the 15th Corps will be on the right, which
will bring them into Charleston first ; and if you have watched
that corps you will have remarked that they generally do
their work well. The truth is. the whole army is burning with
an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance on South Carolina.
I almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all
that is in store for her.''
"I look upon Columbia as quite as bad as Charleston, and
1 1 "ubt if we shall -pare the public buildings there."
1865.
"The army continues in the best of health and spirits; and,
notwithstanding the habits begotten during our rather van-
dalic march, its behavior is excellent."
"Of course the enemy will destroy some forage; but I will
burn the houses where the forage is destroyed, and the people
will get tired of that."
"As to private houses occupied by peaceful people, my or-
ders are not to molest; and I think my orders are obeyed. I
do not want vacant houses destroyed, but do not take much
care to preserve them."
"Burn all cotton. It is the only cash article left to the
enemy."
"It might be well to instruct your brigade commanders that
we are now out of South Carolina and that a little moderation
may be of political consequence to us in North Carolina."
"We can live where the people do; and if anybody has to
suffer, let it be them."
"The people of South Carolina, instead of feeding Lee, will
have to call on Lee to feed them."
"Our foragers have gathered more chickens, turkeys, bacon,
and corn meal than I believed was in the country."
"I should not hesitate to burn Savannah, Charleston, or
Wilmington if the garrisons were needed elsewhere."
"I am delighted that Sheridan is slashing away; and if he
reaches me. 1 will make North Carolina howl."
"I care not how close you pinch the inhabitants."
"The families remain; but I will push them out, as we need
every house in town."
After the Surrender.
"I cannot believe that Mr. 1 >avis was privy to the plot of
assassinating President Lincoln, and I doubt if the Confeder-
ate military authorities had any more complicity with it than
1 had. I know that the great mass of the Confederate army
would scorn to sanction such acts."
"I believe that the people of the South will be perfectly
subordinate to the laws of the United States."
" 1 he South is broken and ruined and appeals to our pity.
To ride these people down with persecutions and military
executions would be like slashing at the crew of a sinking
ship."
"I will fight as long as the enemy shows fight; but when he
gives up, I can go no farther."
"Now that all danger is past and our former enemy simply
asks some practical e-cape from the terrible vicissitudes of
his position, it is wonderful how brave and vindictive former
noncombatants have become. It makes me sick to contemplate
the fact."
"Men who are now tierce and who would have the Army of
the Potomac violate my truce and attack our enemy, discom-
fited, disheartened, and surrounded, will sooner or later find
foes to face of a different metal."
"I have seen Halleck's perfidious and infamous orders to
disregard my truce. He is a brave general to pursue so fierce-
ly an army that he knew did not intend to fight, but to sur-
render."
"He knew that I was bound in honor to defend and main-
tain my own truce and pledge of faith, even at the cost of
many lives."
"I will march my army through Richmond, quietly and in
good order, without attracting attention."
"I would blush for shame if I had insulted or struck a fallen
foe."
"I have had abundant opportunities to know these people
both before and during the existence of the war, and since
their public acknowledgment of submission I would not hesi-
tate to mingle with them and lead them to battle against a
national foe; but we must deal with them with frankne--. and
candor."
"I am not prepared yet to receive the negro on terms of
political equality. I fear that parties will agitate for the
negro's right of suffrage, not that he wants it, but merely to
manufacture that number of available votes for politicians to
work on."
"I prefer to give votes to the rebel whites, now humbled,
subdued, and obedient, rather than to the ignorant blacks that
are not yet capable of self-government; and I believe that the
whole idea of giving votes to the negro is to create just that
many votes to be used by others for political purposes."
CAMP HORACE LEE STEFENSON, NO. S06.
Camp Horace Lee Stevenson, composed exclusively of
grandsons of Confederate veterans, was organized April 17,
1916, at Jacksonville. Ala. The Camp was called Horace Lee
Stevenson after a local veteran. The following officers were
elected : John Forney Stevenson, Commander ; Elbert Morris,
First Lieutenant ; Fred Crow, Second Lieutenant ; Vernon
Fitz, Third Lieutenant: Alton Crow, First Sergeant; Wyly
Dixon, Adjutant; Alfred Roebuck, Second Sergeant; Clar-
ence Ager, Treasurer; Horace Latterman, Jr., Commissary;
Paul Morris. Ensign CCoIor Bearer); Ernest Hudson, His-
torian; Miss Mary Forney. Sponsor; Miss Martha Dearbrow,
Maid of Honor; Miss Kathleen Datigatter, Maid of Honor.
Qopfederat^ Ueterar?.
29;
THE COXFEDERATE SOLDIER. 1861-65.
[Tribute to the Confederate soldier delivered at the May
meeting of the Confederate Veteran Camp of New York by
Past Commander Gen. Henry T. Douglas.]
The Confederate soldier of the War between the States re-
calls associations of the long ago around which cling the
memories of a glorious past. I speak especially of the soldier
from Virginia, my boyhood friend, my schoolmate, to whom
my heart turns in the evening of my life with tenderest emo-
tions. Few, very few, are left. The mounds marking their
resting places in peace with honor may be traced wherever
Lee commanded and Jackson, A. P. Hill. Magruder, and J.
E. B. Stuart led in the fight.
The Confederate soldier was unique in character, self-
reliant, with a large percentage of independence, loyal to his
commander and to his cause, but not a machine soldier. In
the ranks were found men from every walk of life — the
pi 1 her, lawyer, doctor, engineer, mechanic, farmer, laborer,
and the dilettante without any special calling.
The enlistments in Virginia centered on some officer to
command companies, battalions, and regiments who had seen
service in the United States army or in the organized State
force or were graduates of the West Point of the South,
the Virginia Military Institute. The officers from Vii
who had been distinguished in the Mexican War were espe
sought to command Virginia's troops to be ore
for the Confederate army. The list was a distinguished one.
rre found the nanus of Robert E. Lee. Joseph E. John-
51 ' T. J. (Stonewall 1 Jackson, John Bankhead Magruder,
Ambrose P. Hill. Jubal A. Early, Robert Garnett, Richard S.
Ewell, Dabney 11. Maury. W. X. Pendleton. William E.
1 William B. Taliaferro, and others, a galaxj rarely
ed and not surpassed in our land.
1 in' Virginian enlisted in the Confederate army because he
believed the United States government was about in make
war wrongfully upon the Southern States to coerce them into
Submission to the national will. He believed in the inherent
of the States which had formed the national Union to
i From that Union when the rights guaranteed them by a
Constitution originating with the States were denied them.
ge majority of the people of Virginia were opposed to
ton; they did not want to break up the Union, as the
es in the convention and the efforts of her people to
war will show. The Virginian loved the I'nion which
ople had done so much to bring about and cement and
knew full well that if war did come the bosom of his old
er must receive the wounds which war would inflict.
\ml n it until the President of the United States called upon
tia to furnish troop- to coerce a people 10 whom she
was 'Mind by the ties of consanguinity, association, and in
:. ■ - lid she consent to secede from the Union and join the
Confederate government.
'1 he step once taken, she brought into use all the powers of
1 eat people to sustain her cause. There were few dis-
ng in the Stale At the call of her Governor the father
1 i good-by to his wife, his children, and bis home, the
. man to his mother, his sisters, and bis sweetheart, and
went out to defend that home and those dear ones without
"i e thought saVe that of his duty to bis people.
\i: anomalous condition was found in tile commanders of
the opposing armies. Many of them were warm personal
friends: they had been schoolmates, educated at the same
had served together, fighting side by side in the armj
ami navj of their country, and entertained for each other the
highest respect and personal regard. The officers who re-
signed from the army and navy of the United States because
of the duty they considered they owed to their States repre-
sented a standard rarely equaled. It was a sad duty to break-
up associations of long and honorable careers and to carrj
themselves against a flag they had been taught to honor and
defend. They did their duty, as they conceived their duty,
without the hope of reward.
In the beginning the Virginia soldier didn't think especially
about a flag. He had been brought up to love and honor his
State flag with its motto, "Sic Semper Tyrannis," and the
flag of his country, the Stars and Stripes, which his people
had done so much to cause to be respected throughout the
world, which had been borne with honor by his people on
every battle field and at sea from the days of the Revoluti
ary War to 1861. He was not a machine soldier, accustoi
only to obeying orders, although no more loyal soldier to
or. in- evei Mood in ranks. He was a virile, thinking man,
ready and willing to do his duty when he knew it. with a
large percentage of independence and a devotion to bis old
mother Virginia which starvation, ruin, and desolation could
not conquer, lessen, or subdue. The ranks were filled with
men of all ages, those past military age. of military age, and
the splendid boys, the "aftermath" of the I 1 y, who
never knew defi
Poorly armed and equipped, without an organized
commissary, quartermaster, or medical corps, without si
or arsenals, with her ports blockaded to the outer world, the
Confederate government earned on a war for four long years
against overwhelming numbers and unlimited r< and
by the splendoi of tin valor and achievements of her soldiers
compelled the respect and admiration of tin civili ed world.
May not this laurel lie laid upon In- lowly mound ?
The attempt to write into history the charge that
went to war to perpetuate slavi rj is untrue; ami since tin- pas-
sions of w 11 havi 1 «'lcd. tew. if any. believe it. When it is
remember, d that the prop', ,,f the South accepted an
ried out iii good faith the great wrong done by the freedom
and enfranchisement of the negro, although its effect was to
bring to them financial and possibly social ruin, no further
proof is needed in denial of the charge The South went to
war to defend her homes ami institutions, ami it was fought
to the end with no other putposi
The question of the right of the States to secede from t lie
Union was submitted to the arbitrament of the sword. B)
the use of overwhelming numbers and resources and the -low
process of attrition the South lost; and when valor and devo-
tion could accomplish nothing more at the bidding of her
commander, whom she loved and whom her soldiers had fol-
lowed with unswerving loyalty and devotion for four lo
years, the Confederate soldier laid down his arms and re-
turned to the ways of peace, and on bis flag might well be
written: "for valor, for honor, for right " Then followed the
Reconstruction days, the nightmare after the death of the
Confederacy, when the great old mother of S d states-
men was known as Military District Xo. 1 and governed by
a military satrap. The wolf and the hyena, who linger in the
trail of .-in army, too cowardlj to risk their carcasses in hat-
tie, were turned loose upon her people to destroy wdiat little
there was left.
On returning to his home after \pp,,mattox the Virginia
soldier found his house burned, his femes destroyed, and not
a living thing t 1 erect him save the faithful, loving eve-
hi- dear wife an, I little one-, who bad worked and starved
298
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
and hoped and prayed for four long years for the success of
his cause. 'Without food, without shelter, with scant cloth-
ing, without seed, without stock or implements, and without
means of purchase, without anything save that indomitable
courage which had sustained him on the field of battle and
which he exhibited, if possible, in a higher degree in caring
for those loved ones when even God seemed to have deserted
him, he began life anew. For years he and those loved ones
suffered and endured without uttering a complaint. He had
risked his all in the balance and lost; he accepted the result.
God's mercy did not desert him. By slow degrees the bare
walls of his home received a roof, the wild berries, nature's
contribution to virtue and valor, gave them sustenance, seeds
were planted and grew, and the sun of hope once again lit
up that desolated home.
Half a century has passed since those colors carried to
victory on many a hard-fought field have been folded for-
ever. Of that splendid army, of whom the historian and
poet delight to write, a few gray-haired veterans remain, and
soon there will be none left to recount their story. The de-
scendants of those men and of those noble women have built
anew their beloved South, until from its ashes it blooms again
like its roses and has become once more a power in the gov-
ernment of this land. All honor to them !
Schooled in adversity, by industry, skill, and devotion they
have brought forth a flower rivaling in its beauty and splendor
that South of the long ago to which the Confederate soldier
will always turn in worship.
The Confederate soldier, loyal to the flag of his country,
yet lingers with tender grace over that flag, with its cross
bars and stars, which he followed so long and so faithfully
and carried to victory on so many fields. It was folded in
honor forever. The South lives again in the splendor of her
young life. Her destiny is the destiny of this great people.
We are Americans !
THEY IV ORE THE GRAY.
[Ode to the unknown Confederate dead buried in Bards-
town (Ky.) Cemetery, read by Lud E. McKay during the
memorial services on June 3 under the auspices of the Crepps
Wickliffe Chapter, U. D. C]
This sculptured shaft guards but a grave
In soil that's hallowed loam ;
For quick in memory be the brave,
And hearts give them a home.
This graven stone 'neath which they rest,
The myrtle at their head.
The sigh that stirs a loyal breast —
Love's tribute to its dead.
For 'neath this turf in slumber lay
A Spartan band that wore the gray.
A nameless grave, a sacred mound,
Enshrined in Southern heart,
For braver men hath ne'er been found,
Nor bore more noble part.
In haste they came to Southland's call
With Morgan and with Bragg;
They gave to it their life, their all,
And died beneath its flag.
But whence they came, tongue may not say;
But 'tis enough— they wore the gray.
These fallen ones, their splendid deeds
Demand the world's applause ;
And grandest epitaph which reads :
"They fell in freedom's cause."
They to the Southland gave a fame
That all mankind can see,
And on eternity ascribed the name
Of their immortal Lee.
The names they bore we may not say;
Sufficient this — they wore the gray.
A thin gray line of trenchant swords,
Whose duty 'twas to check
The vast, plethoric Northern hordes
Or perish in the wreck.
Mars, God of war, by it was taught
Stern lessons in his craft,
When gray-clad men for homeland fought
'Gainst whelming Northern draft.
But kith and kin their God can say;
But this we know — they wore the gray.
Against advancing spoilers blue
Their banners floated fair;
They did what mortal arm could do
To keep them flying there.
True to the end, this gallant troop
The crisis nobly met.
'Twas numbers caused their flag to droop,
But it's unconquered yet ;
And sleeping here, attrition's prey,
Are matchless men who wore the gray.
When triple lines this gray line crushed,
New strength it seemed to grow;
Then, Phcenixlike, it rose and rushed
To battle with the foe.
Large is the heritage they gave
In valor, truth, and love.
They bartered life their cause to save;
They pleaded for it above.
'Twas thus they fell in duty's way,
These nameless men who wore the gray.
They followed well where honor led,
Their daring deeds were rife;
They gave to duty heart's blood red
When it demanded life.
They strove with might, both true and well,
On many a hard-fought field
And, facing the invaders, fell ;
They knew not how to yield.
No cravens here, not faint hearts they,
But vanguard men who wore the gray.
In hearts aglow with love and pride
These gray-clad martyrs dwell ;
And of their might in battle tide
Posterity shall tell.
Sons they were of that sun-kissed land
That gave to freedom birth,
That gave to it the guiding hand
Who taught a world its worth.
By rank or gold ne'er turned astray,
The sires of these who wore the gray.
Qogfederat^ l/eterar).
299
As long as time our love shall last
And hearts for Southland thrill,
But though its deeds be of the past,
Its glory's living still.
A hero band lie waiting here
Beneath this slumb'rous green.
They went to death devoid of fear
And left escutcheons clean.
But when and how, no man can say ;
But 'tis enough — they wore the gray.
The Southland grand, of it I sing,
To courage firm as oak ;
'Twas first to brave the British king,
First to spurn his yoke.
A meed of praise to her let's give,
Her precepts value high ;
'Twas she that taught for what to live
And showed for what to die.
And to protect her gracious sway
Fell these, her sons, who wore the gray.
The mothers of this peerless race
Gave husbands and sons,
Then met the fee with queenly grace,
Undaunted by his guns.
The women now, as women then.
The paths of duty show ;
They gave their love to Southern men.
But eased the stricken foe,
And on these mounds their offering* lay,
Still true to those who wore the gray.
But Time has poured a soothing balm
And healed all hearts anew,
For now the gray-clad soldier's palm
In friendship clasps the blue.
But Southern men are sleeping here,
Though name and rank unknown.
We give to them a rose, a tear;
These soldiers were our own.
Of rank or file, we may not say;
But 'tis enough — they wore the gray.
THE BOY SCOUTS AT BIRMINGHAM.
BY HAMPDEN OSBORNE, M.D., COLUMBUS. MISS.
I have attended many Confederate Reunions, and I suppose
I have gotten into the habit of measuring up the efficiency of
the various features the committees had put in operation for
the comfort and convenience of their guests, and chiefly those
plans for the easy handling of the vast crowds of men and
women and young people who would drop down upon them
with the suddenness of a cloud of locusts in Palestine. I
have sometimes noted the absence of needed preparation and
the consequent disappointment which would come to old vet-
erans who are not city-wise finding themselves alone in the
great crowds at the railroad terminals or on the congested
sidewalks. Many of these old men are as helpless as children
as they detrain in the congested terminals; for, regardless of
badges, such as "I live here ; ask me," or of literature, posted
or scattered, they don't know whom to ask for help in finding
their lodging places on arrival or other places about the city
to which they wish to go from time to time.
Xow. what is the result? They too often become dis-
couraged and take early trains for home. At home they tell
their neighbors, "It was a mighty poor Reunion," and for .1
long time they carry disappointment in their hearts.
We know- this is unjust to the committees. They have
labored long and hard on plans to insure the comfort and
convenience of everybody. But we know that the major part
of the real veterans who attend our Reunions come from the
country or the smaller towns, and the city-bred men who
usually comprise the committees cannot always foresee the
wants of these old friends from the country.
As a rule, I secure lodging reservations well in advance
of Reunion dates, and when I land at the station I have the
number of my room in my pocket. I am tolerably familiar
with the principal hotels and streets in most of our larger
Southern cities ; so I enjoy a feeling of superiority, as it were,
as I step from a crowded train in a crowded terminal.
But on May 15. as I walked through the gate into the sta-
tion at Birmingham, a brand-new feature greeted me and at
once made me quite willing to be utterly ignorant of the sur-
roundings. Two Boy Scouts quickly stepped up, each taking
a suit case from my hands. One asked as to my quar :•
any engaged ; and as I named the hotel, he asked how I would
like to get there. I replied, "Street car," and the two con-
ducted me quickly to the right car, put me and my baggage
aboard, and saluted as they left. Although I had been over
the exact ground only two weeks before, I accepted the serv-
ice with thanks and smiles. The little fellows proceeded with
such tact and deference that I enjoyed being taken care of.
A little later I started from my hotel to "register" and get
my Reunion badge. Being halted for a moment by a dense
crowd which blocked the way to th< designated place near by,
a Boy Scout stepped quickly to my side and "asked: "Can I
help you or give you any information, sir?" His tone was
direct and deferential and kind. "I am looking for the place
to register," I said. "I'll take you there, then." was the ready
response ; and he quickly drilled us a passage through the pack.
These two experiences are only specimens of many such I
witnessed and personally enjoyed. I found myself forgetting
that I had a fair knowledge of Birmingham, so restful it was
to feel absolutely safe in the hands of those bright, alert, and
courteous Boy Scouts. Yes. the Boy Scouts were a new and
delightful feature. They supplied a want which, though vary-
ing in degree, it is true, had been ever present at past Re-
unions. Some one told mo there were three hundred of them.
I h< y were everywhere, it seemed ; and be that number above
or below the mark, there were enough of them on duty for the
work. Their long reeds as badges of authority, coupled with
smiles and kind words, were more effective in enforcing the
limitations to spectators along the line of march in the grand
parade than would have been the sharpest Arab lances. My
heart went out to the little fellows, and I suppose I hugged
a dozen of them. This testimony is from "only a veteran just
back from Birmingham." and he hopes it will reach the eyes
of many veterans and that they will tell other veterans that
when they go to Washington in 1017 they will have no trou-
ble in getting around in that big city. If the Washington
committees cannot supply enough boys of the right stamp.
Birmingham can ship them a few carloads already trained.
Among the echoes of the Birmingham Reunion which course
through my brain come the kindly voices of that legion of
khaki kids ; and when a friend asked me. "What feature of
the Birmingham Reunion especially impressed you?" and as
all the grandeur of the balls and gayly beflagged automobiles
passed in review. I let them pass and, lifting my hat, replied:
"Boy Scouts, God bless them !"
300
^oi^federat^ Ueterap.
Xliuteb ^Daughters of tbe Confederacy
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General
Washington, P. C.
.* . J. II. Stewart, T-os Angeles, Ca Firsl Ft« President General Mrs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va Treasurer General
M >. L. M, Bashinsky, Tn\, Ala Second 17 General Mrs. Orlando Hali.iiu rton, Little Rock, Ark Registrar General
Mrs. Lull1 A. I.ovkll, Denver, Col<» Third Vice President General Miss Mildred Ri nil ri ord, Athens, G.i Historian General
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Newton, X. C A' - ■ > reiary General Mrs. John W, Tench, Gainesville, Fla Custodian Cross of fi in .r
M >, W« F. Baker, Savannah, Ga Corresponding Secretary General Mrs. W. K. Beard, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian Flags and Pennants
fT~£oisa JTpaAros TZfctnory d»ternaf "
FROM THE PRESIDEXT GENERAL.
Dear Daughters: Owing to attendance on the Reunion of
Confederate Veterans and Sons at Birmingham, I was unable
to send a greeting to you last month.
I note that no mention is made in the Veteran that Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy were present, but I want you to
know that they were present in full force. I. as Matron of
Honor in Chief of the Veterans and Chaperon in Chief of the
Sons, was most royally treated by them and the Daughters
and people of Birmingham. Mrs. C. M. Roberts, President of
the Arkansas Division, was a most delightful Matron of Honor
in Chief for the Sons. Two Past Presidents General (Mrs.
Cornelia Branch Stone, of Texas, and Mrs. Alexander B.
White, of Tennessee) were at Birmingham. Then there were
Miss Rutherford, Mrs. Tench, Mrs. Rose, Mrs. Slaughter, Mrs.
Kimbrough, Mrs. Latham. Mrs. Creecy, Mrs. Beale, .Mrs.
Maude Howell Smith, and Daughters from every section of the
country helping to enliven the scenes of the gathering. The
opening hour of the Veterans' session on Wednesday after-
noon was most beautifully and gracefully presided over by
Mrs. Bibb Graves, President of the Alabama Division. During
this hour the State Presidents or their representatives ex-
tended greetings to the Veterans, who were loud in their
applause and appreciation.
While I have not neglected the social duties of my office,
I have subordinated them to the business of the organization.
I have participated in the various functions of the U. D. C.
Chapters, of the Sons of Veterans, and of the Southern Relief
So iety of the District of Columbia, and was tendered a re-
ception by the District of Columbia Division, Mrs. Maude
Howell Smith, President, for which upward of a thousand
invitations were issued. It was a most brilliant affair, at-
tended by resident and official Washington.
On January 19 I was the guest of honor at a beautiful
banquet at the Bellevue-Stratford, in Philadelphia, given by
the Philadelphia Chapter, followed by a reception, the Presi-
dent, Mrs. Alan H. Harris, having given in my honor a hand-
some dinner the night previous. On March 4 a large recep-
tion wa- given in my honor by the Fitzhugh Lee Chapter, of
Frederick, Md., where I was the house guest of Miss Marie
Louise Johnson, Historian of the Maryland Division, who al-o
entertained in my honor. On April 25 I was a guest at the
dinner of the National Society of the L'nited States Daugh-
ters of 1812 at the Xew Willard. Washington. D. C, and
responded in a greeting from the LTiited Daughters of the
Confederacy. On April 2S I was the house guest of Mrs.
James Henry Parker, of Xew York, who that evening gave
a brilliant dinner party in my honor: and the following day I
was the guest of honor at a luncheon of three hundred at the
Hotel Astor given by the New York Chapter.
On my way to Birmingham I attended the Tennessee State
Convention, held at Johnson City, and. as the house guest of
Mrs. Norment Powell, President of the Division, received
most gracious hospitality on every side. The charming way
in which Mrs. Powell presided over the convention and the
general harmony which prevailed made my trip doubly enjoy-
able.
On June 6 I was the guest of Mrs. Adelbert Mears, Presi-
dent of the Maryland Division, and the Maryland veterans
at their Memorial Day exercises in Baltimore. I have been
the guest several times of the Daughters of the American
Revolution and the recipient of many courtesies at the hands
of Mrs. William Cummings Story, its President General. At
the luncheon in New York May 24 at the Hotel Astor to the
President General and State Presidents of the General Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs I was the guest of Mrs. John
Hays Hammond, who also has extended to me many courte-
sies.
I have addressed large gatherings of the patriotic societies
in the North, making the United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy more familiar to many thousands.
It was with deep regret that I was compelled to decline the
invitations from the Pittsburgh (Pa.) Chapter, the Cincinnati
(Ohio) Chapter, and the Alabama, Mississippi, Florida. Cali-
fornia, and Texas Divisions.
I have just returned from Ohio. Under the guidance of the
State President, Mrs. Elizabeth T. Sells. I have never seen
more enthusiastic Daughters. It was my regret that I had
not time to accept the invitation of the Albert Sidney Johnston
Chapter at Cincinnati ; but the one day in Cleveland as the
guest of the Alexander Stephens Chapter, one day with the
Dixie Chapter, and another with the Robert E. Lee Chapter
at Columbus showed me what splendid timber we have,
making good on almost barren soil.
Saturday, June 10, with Gen. Bennett Young, I spoke at the
memorial exercises held at Camp Chase Cemetery. I shall
never forget the feeling that passed over me as I stood on the
platform with the gallant former Commander in Chief by
me and surrounded by two thousand two hundred and sixty
graves containing the remains of some of our very bravest;
for, as General Young remarked, "to me the really bravest
men were those wdio preferred to die in prison rather than
to gain their freedom by swearing away their allegiance to
the Southland." Daughters, standing there I was breathing
in the fragrance from magnolias, jasmine, palms, Southern
moss, box, and other flowers which these men must have
loved, sent in tender remembrance by you to cover their
graves. I could not help the two scenes flitting through my
mind — the two thousand two hundred and sixty graves in
Northern soil and the ten thousand living veterans I had so
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
301
recently greeted in Birmingham. Even as I think of them I
bow my head in reverence and send up a little prayer that you
will do something to bring joy and comfort into their last
days, as you sent beauty and fragrance to those who gave their
lives for the same principles. "Occasions, like clouds, pass
away.''
I hope next month to send you some encouraging reports of
Shiloh, Arlington, and the window to be placed in the Red
Cross Building, in Washington, "to the women of the sixties."
Have you forgotten that these three are the indorsed works
of our association and that the time has come when we must
meet our our obligations?
Faithfully yours, Cordelia Powell Opexheimer,
President General U. D. C.
THE FLORIDA DIVISION.
EY MISS Viol \ OVERMAN, SECRETARY OF 1)1 Mi CHAPTER.
The Florida Division met in annual convention in St.
Petersburg, May 3-6, with Dixie Chapter, No. 1008, as hostess.
The welcome program was given on the evening of May 2,
the hostess Chapter, Confederate Veterans, city of St. Piters-
burg, and the Board of Trade extending numerous and grati-
fying welcomes, to which the State President, Sister Esther
Carlotta, S. R., responded in her usual charming and im-
pressive manner.
The convention opened Wednesday morning with creden-
tials report showing one hundred and twenty-nine in conven-
tion. After preliminary business, the State President gave her
annual report, telling of the work done and showing nearly
two hundred new members added to the U. D. C. and ni
one hundred to the Children of the Confederacy during the
year. Several decisions wire included in the report, which
was unanimously adopted amid enthusiastic applause. In this
report was given in detail an ace. mm of the State President's
action in the San Francisco convention in defense of the right
of a Division to decide the standing of its own Chapters, a
plain application of the -acred principle of States' rights for
which our fathers fought and died: and her sturdy upholding
of Florida's honor in ibis respect was loyal and heartily in-
dorsed bj her Executive Board and the convention, and she
was warmly commended for her action.
Wednesday afternoon was given to reports of Sta
.,11 shi wing good work. This was continued Thursday morn-
ing, followed, after the minutes, by election ol The
beloved and revered State President sent consternation and
distress into the ranks of her Daughters when she firmly re-
fused to allow her name to be presented for reelection. The
hi stess President was eagerly awaiting the moment when she
could Humiliate the faithful President for reelection. The
votes of more than two-thirds of the convention were assured
her. a list of them having been handed to her just b fore -In-
called the house to order. Steadily she told the house that
they could not nominate her; that she had learned early that
morning that her Vice President, whom she had si
times asked to take her place, had decided to accept the nom-
ination: and that her own name could not be used. Shi
a forceful review of her years of service to Florida, showing
the growth of the Division, spoke for the first lime in her
long administration of the hitler attacks upon herself by a
handful of members in the Division, and in word- that touched
every heart told how she had striven to give her best to
Florida, to reflect honor as well as to receive it, and to carry
the standard of her Division to the highest level. Storm after
-torm of applause swept the house as she spoke : but it died
into sobbing silence as she repeated her refusal to allow the
use of her name and nominated her friend and Vice Tn -
Mrs. H. H. McCreary, as her successor. Notwithstanding
this, there came several simultaneous nominations of Si-ter
Esther Carlotta herself, who. rising, spoke firmly and dis-
tinctly: "My Daughters, under no circumstances can my name
stand at this time against Mrs. McCreary's. I always
by my word; and touched, as 1 am. by your love and lo
I must decline your nomination." The convention then rallied
to the nomination of Mrs. McCreary and gave her an eli
by vote of the Secretary. The hostess Chapter was del -
to have its own loved President, Mrs. J. C. Blocker,
Vice President.
Thursday afternoon and Friday were given to Chapter and
committee reports and discussions thereon. Friday evening
was devoted to new business. In this came several
mendations of the President, winch wire all adopted. One
of these authorized a petition to the State authorities for a
better observance of the Stair Memorial Day by the 1 1
and public schools of Florida. Another requested from the
d the cancellation of a charter of a Chapter
for some time delinquent. Others touched on other mailers
of interest to th< But the most important and far-
reaching of a resolution adopting a budget system of
finance for tin Division. Fori sion the President left
the chair and spoke in full explanation of her recommen
and urged its .1 g that she could not leave her
success rdens and annoyance of insufficient
e which had harassed her own administration fn
beginning. The convention noted with admiration the manner
in which the retiring ooth the way of
her successor, to make i1 easier than hers had been, and
many grieved that she had never a.-ked as much for hi
or at least complainci hat we might have done
thing.
Every department of work showed splendid condition and
gave evidence of the care and support given by th(
President's mothering love, and the approach of the parting
from her struck sorrow to the hearts of her Daughters. Many
tributes were paid to her during the convention, and magnifi-
cent flowers crowded her desk, among them being a be.,
bouquet of roses from the Woman's Relief Corps tied with the
American coli 1
By unanimous vote the convention extended her am
to complete all unfinished detail work of her administration
begun by herself and did this with the full approval 1
incoming President [1 also left in her hands, as chairman
of the committee, the preparation for publication of historical
papers of the Division. During the election- Mr-. C 11
nominated her for State Historian with beautiful words of
praise for her qualifications for tin office. A deafening and
prolonged outburst of applause followed the nomination, but
it met a gentle but firm refusal.
A rising • inks to "our incomparable President" of
assurance of our la--; | .as moved by Miss I
Nutt and enthusiastically carried unanimously.
When tin d, the President first pre-
sented the President-elect and formally turned over to her
the Division and its work. She then presented the mi
of the Executive Board. The new President. Mrs. McCreary,
is the Shiloh Director for Florida, has long served on the
Division Executive Board, and is well known to the Division.
The Executive Board is compo-ed of ladies who have been
1,02
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
devoted and prominent workers under the retiring adminis-
tration and capable of a high standard of service.
The singing of the doxology brought the convention to a
close, and the gavel of adjournment dropped at 12:25 p.m.,
Saturday, May 6. The next convention will meet in .Miami,
Fla.
THE OHIO DIVISION.
BY MRS. MAY D. TAYLOR, PRICE HILL, OHIO.
The Alexander H. Stephens Chapter of Cleveland on
June 8 had the pleasure of entertaining Mrs. Cordelia Powell
Odenheimer, President General U. D. C. A luncheon was
given in her honor, followed by an afternoon reception at
Hotel Statler, to which many of Cleveland's representative
women, among whom was the mother of the Secretary of
War, Newton D. Baker, were invited to meet our distinguished
guest. Mrs. Odenheimer and some of the Cleveland Daugh-
ters went to Columbus on Friday. June 9, where they were
met by members of the Dixie Chapter and entertained at lunch-
eon, after w'hich they were taken to the home of a Confed-
erate veteran, Col. Charles Ammel. and there greeted by
other Confederate veterans who were guests of honor and
assisted in the afternoon's program. Colonel Ammel pre-
sented the Chapter with an exquisite Confederate flag. In
trembling voice he said he had not put it upon a staff, but
instead had placed ribbons upon each corner, because he wished
it to be placed upon the casket of any Chapter member an-
swering the call to cross the bar and upon that of veterans
when they journeyed out to meet that immortal host of com-
rades who had worn the Confederate gray.
On Friday evening Mrs. Odenheimer was the guest of the
Robert E. Lee Chapter at a reception at the home of its
President, Mrs. D. B. Ulrey, and on Saturday a luncheon
was given in her honor by Mrs. Daniel Carroll at the Ath-
letic Club.
At the memorial exercises at Camp Chase Cemetery Satur-
day afternoon Gen. Bennett H. Young was the principal
speaker. His address was given with all the ardor of twenty
years ago, when he gave the first ever made over the Con-
federates buried in this city of our dead. The music was
beautiful, and but for the pouring rain this would have been
one of the most beautiful and eventful Memorial Days held
in Camp Chase Cemetery, as it is the first time in the history
of the Ohio Division that a President General has visited its
Chapters and helped to strew flowers upon the graves of our
Confederate dead. As Mrs. Odenheimer was pressed for time,
she could not accept the invitation of the Chapters in Cin-
cinnati and other cities of our State Division, much to the
regret of the Daughters.
THE NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION.
BY MRS. JOHN D. LEAK, WADESBORO.
We are happy to report our Daughters hard at work, our
last State and general conventions having given them much
to do. A fine committee is collecting our share of the fund
for the South's window in the American Red Cross Building
at Washington, and we consider it truly "a tie that binds."
Our Confederate Women's Home is a help and blessing. The
children's Chapters are doing fine work in competition for
the William Watson banner, Halifax, Rocky Mount, Wades-
boro. Raleigh, Wilmington, and many others having reported
recently. The seventeen U. D. C. districts have held their
annual spring meetings, and these are always delightful and
inspiring occasions. Mrs. Little. State President, hoped to
attend most of these meetings, but was prevented by the
serious illness of her mother, the widow of Col. R. T. Bennett.
Our Division keeps a scrapbook; and Miss Jessica Smith,
Custodian, is fast filling the three volumes — one for poetry,
one for letters (and we have many that are historically valu-
able), and one for clippings. Our Chapters faithfully cele-
brate the South's "Saints' Days" ; and some of the new Chap-
ters, notable among them being the William P. Roberts, at
Gatesville, sent in most interesting accounts. We observed
Sunday, May 7, as "Country Church Day," asking those who
assembled on that day to decorate the scattered and often
lonelv graves of our veterans.
THE ALABAMA DIVISION.
BY MRS. C. S. M'DOWELL, JR.
May was a red-letter month for the Alabama Division.
During the first week, May 2-5, the Annual Convention was
held in Anniston, a beautiful little city nestling at the feet of
its protecting mountains, showing the mark of progress in its
business sections and comfort and prosperity in its well-kept
homes. From the moment we stepped from the train we felt
the very spirit of hospitality in the air, and this hospitality
was beautifully expressed by the speakers on welcome evening
at the opera house.
On Wednesday morning the business sessions of the con-
vention were begun, Mrs. Bibb Graves, President of the
Alabama Division, presiding most delightfully, her presence
being always an inspiration. The officers' reports showed
progress along all lines. The Amelia Gorgas Memorial Tab-
let was reported finished and was presented to the State
LTniversity by Mrs. Graves during commencement week. The
Sallie Jones Scholarship was also reported complete. Lack
of space forbids a detailed report of the interesting business
sessions, which lasted till Friday noon ; but it was in every
way a most harmonious, pleasant, and profitable convention.
The social side of the convention was very enjoyable. Each
day delightful luncheons were given the officers and delegates
at Convention Hall. A brilliant reception was held on Wednes-
day evening. A delightful automobile ride and tea at the
Country Club and also a ride to Oxford Lake were some of
the pleasures tendered by the hostess Chapter.
Historical Evening, arranged by Mrs. Charles J. Sharp,
Historian, was an especially enjoyable feature of the conven-
tion. All officers who were eligible for reelection were re-
tained. Miss Allie Garner was the new Treasurer elected ;
Mrs. E. E. Aderhold, Historian; and Mrs. J. McLendon,
Recorder of Crosses. Selma was chosen for the next place
of meeting.
In Birmingham, May 16-18, was held the Twenty-Sixth
Annual Reunion of the United Confederate Veterans, an
event that always arouses the greatest enthusiasm in the
hearts of loyal Daughters. Three times has the Magic City
entertained the Veterans, and this was the best one of all.
Everything was done for the pleasure and comfort of the
gray-clad visitors by the committees, by the Boy Scouts, and
by individuals. The Alabama Division, U. D. C, was given
a place on the program when Mrs. Graves, President of the
Alabama Division, Mrs. Odenheimer, President General, Mrs.
Charles Brown, and Mrs. Cary spoke to the Veterans. Ala-
bama is proud that her own General Harrison is to command
the Veterans for the next year.
The memories of Anniston and Birmingham will linger
long in the hearts of Alabama Daughters.
Qoi?federat^ l/eterai).
303
THE C ALIFORM A DIVISION.
BY MRS. GRANTLAN'D SEAT0N LONG.
The California Division held its Sixteenth Annual Conven-
tion at Stockton May 3 and 4. The following officers were
■elected for the coming year: President, Mrs. C. C. Clay, of
San Francisco ; First Vice President, Mrs. Grantland S. Long.
Los Angeles; Second Vice President, Mrs. Harry Graves,
Alhambra; Recording Secretary, Mrs. J. D. Hodgen, San
Francisco; Corresponding Secretary. Mrs. Samuel A. Pleas-
ants. Oakland; Treasurer. Mrs. Florence Ross, Riverside:
Registrar, Mrs. Charles Trabert, Berkeley; Historian, Mrs.
H. C. Warden, Los Angeles; Recorder of the Cross, Miss
Louise Eley, Fresno; Custodian of the Flags, Mrs. Emma A.
Loy; Parliamentarian. Mrs. Matthew Robertson.
The striking feature of the convention was its delightful
spirit of harmony and good fellowship. The beauty of the
city, the grace and hospitality of the hostess Chapter (Gen.
Sterling Price Chapter), perfect weather, the fragrance of
flowers, and the joy of reunion — all combined to make an
ideal convention.
Our President, Mrs. Clay, furnished the keynote of our
organization by her gentle, gracious. "Old South" manner and
her dignified ruling. The sound of the gavel was hardly
heard throughout the convention. The President's dinner
given to the officers and Chapter Presidents Tuesda; evening,
at which three hundred Paul Neyron roses from her Oakland
gardens formed the centerpiece, opened the social features.
This was followed on Wednesday and Thursday bj elaborate
and artistic luncheons, a magnificent ball in the white banquet
room of the Stockton Hotel, and an automobile ride — all given
to the delegates and visitors by the hostess Chapter. In addi-
dition, several dinners were given by Chapter Presidents.
The usual routine was varied by a number of issues of
which we feel very proud. The California Division contribu-
tion to the Red Cross Memorial Window now amounts to
three hundred and nine dollars reported to the State Chair-
man. A spontaneous gift of love from the floor of the con-
vention was raised for Mrs. Trader amounting to eighty-two
dollars, and a handsome sum to the Shiloh Monument was
contributed. A report of the General Division Convention in
San Francisco in October was read, and attention was called
to the flags of thirty-four States which decorated the walls
and which had been presented to the California Division by
our sister Divisions at that time. Also a greeting was received
from our President General.
On Historical Evening Mrs. S. R. Thorpe's medal for the
best historical collection was awarded to Mrs. Emma A.
Loy. of the Robert E. Lee Chapter. No. 278; and Mrs. J. H.
Stewart's medal for the best historical essay was awarded
to Mis. Klingberg, also of the Robert E. Lee Chapter, No.
278. Our President. Mrs. Clay, offers a medal next year
for the best historical collection.
We had with us three Confederate veterans: Mr. W. H.
Bretal, Mr. W. F. Clowdsley, both of Gen. Sterling Price's
command, and Mr. W. R. Pressley, of Berkeley. It was of
pleasing interest that the deciding invitation which carried the
convention for Bakersfield as our next place of meeting came
from another ex-Confederate soldier of Gen. Sterling Price's
and, Col. E. M. Roberts.
monument. Besides some cash contributions and pledges
from Camps of about $500. they adopted a resolution that
every Son should send at least one dollar to the Director
General. Mrs. Alexander B. White. Paris. Tenn. This ac-
tion of the S. C. V. is timely, and if there is a good re-
it will result in substantial aid to one of the most impor-
tant works of the U. D. C. which they are using every eff >r;
to complete next fall. This monument will be beautiful and
a matter of pride to the South.
Ibistorian General's fl>aoe
BY MISS MILDRED LEWIS RVTHERFORD. ATHENS. GA.
The demand has been so great for "What the South May
Claim," and only five thousand copies could be printed with
funds on hand, that hereafter all orders must be accom
with ten cents per copy to defray the co-t of postage (two
cents per copy") and the postage already expended in its
distribution. "The True Life of Jefferson Davis." "The True
Life of Abraham Lincoln" for school use. by the Historian
General. "The True Story of the Discovery of Ether as an
Anaesthetic," by l'r Crawford Long's daughter. Florence Long
Barton, other papers by the Historian General, "The True
Story of John Yates Beall." "The Story of Belle Boyd, the
Confederate Spy." "The Storj of Nora McCartey, the Jennie
Dean of the West," "The True Story of John Brown." "The
Myths of History," and "The Romance of Sam Houston" (by
Sampler Lea. of Birmingham) are all now ready for publi-
cation, but there are no funds available. It is very important
that the papers on Davis and Lincoln should he ready by the
opening of the schools in September. It is hoped thai
generous friends will see that the money is available
this. For these two sketches one hundred and ninety-five
dollars for and copies is needed : the same amount
approximately for the others in one pamphlet like "What the
South May Claim." The Historian General would like \ cry
much to see these articles printed and distributed before her
term of office expires, in November.
Action by Sons of Veterans. — At their meeting in Bir-
mingham the Sons of Confederate Veterans decided to help
the United Daughters of the Confederacy with the Shiloh
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR AUGUST.
The Confederate Navy.
1 \ -wets to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 20-23.)
Rita I
1. What part has Southern men had in naval affairs:
2. Relate the story of William Lewis Herndon.
3. What are some of the many things accomplished by the
Confederate navy with only a small number of vessels?
(1) What did the Virginia (Merrimac) accomplish in two
days ?
(2) Tell the story of the Ariel and Alabama conl
(3) Give the story of the Shenandoah
(4) Give the story of the Sumter.
(5) Tell wdiat you know of other vessels not mentioned.
4. When was a navy yard in an inland city ?
5. Give the story of the first submarine and its fate. (10, p.
23; 10. p. 35)
Readings.
"The Star-Spangled Banner."
"The Confederate Flag." (3, p. 478.
"The Nashville." (1, Vol. II.. p. [89
304
Qoi)federat^ l/eterar?.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR AUGUST.
The Romances 'of History.
(Answers in "Historical Sins of Omission and Commission,"
pages 10-12.)
Ritual.
i. Tell of John Jonett's ride and compare it with Paul
Reveres.
2. Tell of Edward Lacy's ride and what was accomplished.
3. Tell of Ruth Sevier's ride and what result.
4. Tell of Agnes Hobson's and Emily Geiger's rides and
what resulted.
5. Tell of Sam Dale and his pony Paddy.
6. Who was Molly Pitcher? Was she more heroic than
Nancy Hart?
7. Who was Capt. Sally Tompkins? Why called Captain?
8. Tell the story of Mammy Kate and Daddy Cyrus.
9. Give the legend of the Cherokee rose.
10. What Indian tribes lived in the South?
FROM "GEORGIA: LAND AXD PEOPLE."
by francis s. mitchell, athens, ga.
Introduction.
The aborigines lived so near the heart of nature that they
learned her secrets and were unconscious poets. Their lan-
guage, abounding in vowels, was soft and musical. Every
proper noun had a meaning that was significant and often
wonderfully poetic, as Cohuttan (Frog Mountain), Tallulah
(terrible), Toccoa (beautiful), Amicalolah (tumbling water),
Hiwassee (pretty fawn), Okefinokee (quivering earth), and
Chattahoochee (rocky river). Neither the Creeks nor the
Cherokees had a written language, and their history is a
matter of tradition. The Creek language bore a resemblance
to classic Greek. Their legends — wild, romantic, often tragic
— are still full of interest for their pale-faced successors.
The Legend of Nacoochee.
Long before the Anglo-Saxon had made his first footprint
on these Western shores there dwelt in a lovely valley in
North Georgia a young maiden of wonderful, almost celestial,
beauty. Her name was Xacoochee (The Evening Star). She
was the daughter of a chieftain, and in doing honor to her the
people of her tribe almost forgot the Great Spirit who made
h< r and endowed her with such strange beauty.
\ son of the chieftain of a neighboring hostile tribe saw
the beautiful Nacoochee and loved her. He stole her young
heart, and she loved him with an intensity of passion that
only the noblest souls can know. They met beneath the holy
stars and sealed their simple vows with kisses. They found
fitting trysting places in this charming valley, where, from
the interlocked branches overhead hung festoons in which
the white petals of the clematis and the purple blossoms of
the magnificent wild passion flower mingled with the dark
foliage of the muscadine. The song of the mocking bird and
the murmur of the Chattahoochee's hurrying waters were
marriage hymn and anthem to them. They vowed to live
and die together.
Intelligence of these secret meetings reached the ear of
the old chief, Nacoochee's father, and his anger was terrible.
But love for Laceola was even stronger in the heart of Na-
coochee than reverence for her father's behests.
One night the maiden was missed from the village. The
old chief commanded his warriors to pursue the fugitive.
They found her with Laceola, the son of a hated race. In-
stantly an arrow was aimed at his breast. Xacoochee sprang
before him and received the barbed shaft in her own heart.
Laceola was so stupefied by this terrible catastrophe that he
made no resistance to his enemies, and his blood mingled with
hers. The lovers were buried in the same grave, and a lofty
mound was raised to mark the spot.
Deep grief seized the old chief and all his people, and the
valley ever afterwards was called Nacoochee. A solitary pine,
which was long a landmark in this lovely vale, sprang up
from the mound which marked the trysting place and j
of the maiden and her lover.*
Legend of the Cherokee Rose.
A proud young chieftain of the Seminoles was taken pris-
oner by his enemies, the Cherokees, and doomed to death by
torture ; hut he fell so seriously ill that it became necessary to
wait for his restoration to health before committing him to
the flames.
As he was lying, prostrated by disease, in the cabin of a
Cherokee warrior, the daughter of the latter, a dark-eyed
maiden, was his nurse. She rivaled in grace the bounding
fawn, and the young warriors of her tribe said of her that
the smile of the Great Spirit was not so beautiful. Was it
any wonder that, though death stared the young Seminole in
the face, he should be happy in her presence? Was it any
wonder that they should love each other?
Stern hatred had stifled every kindly feeling in the ;
of the Cherokees, and they grimly awaited the time when their
enemy must die. As the color slowly returned to the cheeks
of her lover and strength to his limbs, the dark-eyed maiden
eagerly urged him to make his escape. How could she -ee
him die? But he would not agree to seek safety in flight
unless she went with him. He could better endure death by
torture than life without her.
She yielded to his pleading. At the midnight hour si]
they slipped into the dim forest, guided by the pale light of
silvery stars. Yet before they had gone far, impelled 1
regret at leaving her home forever, she asked her lovi -
permission to return for an instant, that she might bear
away some memento. So, retracing her footsteps, she broke
a sprig from the glossy-leafed vine which climbed upon her
father's cabin and, preserving it during her flight through the
wilderness, planted it by the door of her new home in the
land of the Seminoles, where its milk-white blossoms, with
golden centers, often recalled her childhood days in the far-
away mountains of Georgia.
From that time this beautiful flower has always been
known throughout the Southern States as the Cherokee rr.se.
The Indians have passed away from this beautiful land they
loved so well, but the memory of them still lingers and will
linger forever in the melodious names of Georgia's mountains,
rivers, and vales.
[Great injustice has been done to Georgia in regard to her
treatment of the Indians, and this wrong of history must be
righted. — Miss Rutherford.]
TO A MOCKIXG BIRD.
The name thou wearest does thee grievous wrong.
No mimic thou ; that voice is thine alone.
The poets sing but strains of Shakespeare's song,
The birds but notes of thine imperial own.
— Henry Jerome Stockard.
•This mound was opened in 1915 and found not to antedate
De Soto's visit.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar).
305
THE FAMOUS BATTLE OF HAMPTON ROADS.
BY J. F. SHIPP, CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
A recent editorial in the Chattanooga Times referred to the
famous battle between the Merrimac and the United States
fleet and land batteries at Hampton Roads in 1862 and stated
that "the credit and prestige of victory was accorded the
Monitor because of the fact that the Merrimac was with-
drawn from the conflict and destroyed to prevent her falling
as a prize of war into the hands of the Monitor's forces.*'
The writer of this, like many others who have written of
that famous naval engagement, has been misled by erroneous
information obtained from so-called history prepared by the
press agents and attorneys for the Monitor to bolster up a
claim to extort one million dollars from the Federal govern-
ment as prize money, as the Congressional records at Wash-
ington will show.
It may be that the last survivor of the Merrimac's gallant
crew is gone. If so, in justice to those departed heroes and
in vindication of the truth of history 1 feel it my duty to
make a brief statement of my personal connection with the
rebuilding of the Merrimac and of my personal observations
of her engagements with the United Stales Beet at Hampton
Roads and Newport News, in which the Monitor played a
part on the second day. In writing this historical sketch it
will be necessary to indulge in some reminiscences to ex-
plain my observation of that great naval battle.
The company to which I belonged, the Glover Guards, of
Jasper County, Ga., later Company G, of the 4th Georgia
Regiment, were the first Confederate troops to reach the
Gosport Navy Yard after it had been burned and abandoned
by the Federal forces, about April 22, t86l. We reached
Portsmouth, Va., on the morning of April 27 without camp
equipage or commissary supplies. The conditions at that time
of the new Confederacy were much the same as those of our
country to-day, there being no lack of patriotism on the part
of our people, but great lack of preparedness for the emer-
gency that confronted us.
After getting breakfast at the Ocean Hotel, the company
was assigned quarters in the Gosport Navy Yard, in which
the smoldering ruins were still smoking. Other companies
of Georgia troops arrived in rapid succession, from which
were organized the y\ and 4H1 (ieorgia Regiments. We re-
mained there for some time guarding the navy yard, patrol-
ling the grounds, and working on details of various kinds.
While there I assisted in floating the Merrimac. which lay
near the navy yard dock, where she had been scuttled and
■M
'
"
wHHB
^
''Nl^MlJkJ^
i
Jlj
Ml
^^«
'
r
-•K,
•
1 i
*»
-^*^
gSC**^ 4_ _ i*_ ;--
burned to the water's edge by the Federal forces. I was on
the Merrimac a number of times while she was being rebuilt.
Later our regiment established a new camp near the beach on
the south side of Hampton Roads, which we occupied about
May 30, 1861. Our camp site was located about halfway
between the mouth of the Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers,
at which points we had poorly equipped land batteries of
siege guns. That at the mouth of the Elizabeth River was
known as Craney's Island, and the one at the mouth of
Nansemond was known as Pig's Point. The latter was manned
by infantry troops from our regiment, who served in details
of one week each. We remained in this new camp a little
over eleven months of watchful waiting, watching the Fed-
eral forces at Fort Monroe and Newport News in plain view
on the opposite side of Hampton Roads and waiting for the
coming of the Merrimac, which had long been anxiously
awaited.
It was on the morning of March 8, 1862, while serving with
a detail from my company at Pig's Point, we learned from
the detail which relieved us that bright, crisp March morning
that the Merrimac. which had been renamed the Virginia,
was on her way down the Elizabeth River. When we had
been formally relieved, we went on the beach to catch the
first sight of the gallant ship in which we had more than a
common interest, as several of her crew were from our regi-
ment and two from our own company, Tom Penn and Alex
Holsenback, both of whom were my boyhood friends.
We took up a position about opposite the Federal shore
batteries al Newport News, in front of which lay at anchor
the Cumberland and the Congress, also two other \
whose names we did not know. After waiting on the beach
for several hours, we saw the Virginia slowly round out of
the Elizabeth River into Hampton Roads and turn in the
direction of Newport News. We were then satisfied that the
Cumberland and Congress at Newport News were the objects
of her attack and that we had made no mistake in selecting
our location to witness the fight. We could see hasty prep-
arations on board the ships and among the shore batteries
for action. The deck of the Congress was bedecked with
laundry, which the men were hurriedly taking in. The action
began, as I now recall it, about two o'clock. The Virginia
fired the first shot from her bow gun at the Cumberland,
which opened the fight and drew the concentrated fire of b ih
the Cumberland and Congress and the shore batteries on her.
By this time the roar and shock of battle was terrific. In
the face of this concentrated fire the Virginia continued to
deliver her shots with telling effect and headed direct for the
Cumberland, which she rammed with a
terrific crash, distinctly heard above
the din of battle. It looked as though
the Virginia had some difficulty in re-
leasing herself from the Cumberland.
hut when she backed away she de-
livered her bow gun into the Cumber-
land with disastrous results. She left
her prow in the side of the Cumber-
land and so twisted the stem as to
cause a leak in her bow.
We saw the Cumberland as she
slowly sank beneath the water. She
went down fighting her guns, with her
colors flying, which were never low-
ered or removed. We saw the water
shoot from the mouth of the cannon
306
Qoi>federat^ Ueterai).
when the last shots were delivered. The men and officers of
the Cumberland were driven from their guns by water tilling
the ship. Many leaped into the bay to save themselves from
being carried down with their sinking vessel, while many
others of the gallant crew saved themselves by climbing the
mast and clinging to the rigging.
I wish here to say that the heroes of the naval engagement
at Hampton Roads in 1862 were not the officers and crew of
the Monitor. That honor belongs to the heroic officers and
crew of the ill-fated Cumberland.
When the Congress and the Minnesota (the latter on her
way from Fortress Monroe to assist her sister ships) -aw the
fate that had befallen the Cumberland and the ineffectiveness
of their concentrated fire on the Virginia, they took refuge in
shallow water to save themselves from being rammed.
After the Virginia had sunk the Cumberland, she turned
her attention to the Congress and the shore batteries. She
soon riddled the Congress and silenced most of the guns from
the shore.
About this time we saw descending the James River the
Patrick Henry, the Jamestown, and the Teaser, coming to the
assistance of the Virginia. However, the Federal forces had
been greatly disabled and demoralized by the destructive fire
from the Virginia. Very soon we saw the white flag dis-
played from the mast of the Congress, which was then
aground, most of her guns being out of action and a number
of her crew killed or wounded.
The steam tugs Beaufort and Raleigh, that composed the
Virginia's escort, went alongside the Congress and took aboard
some of her wounded. The tugs, however, were soon driven
away by the fire from the Federal infantry on the shore, in
which several of our men were wounded, including Lieutenant
Minor, and also some of the prisoners from aboard the Con-
gress.
Later the Virginia set the Congress on fire with hot shot
to prevent her from again falling into the hands of the Fed-
eral forces. Up to, this time the Virginia had been the focus
for the fire of over one hundred guns at short range ; and
while everything outside had been shot away, still her armor
was not materially damaged. She had been given a heavy
coat of tallow, so that the shots which struck her glanced off
with no effect except the shock of the blow. During all this
terrific engagement her only casualties were two killed and
eight wounded, one of whom was Captain Buchanan. The
muzzles of two of her guns were shot away.
When the sun went down on the carnage and destruction
of that eventful afternoon, the Virginia had rammed and sunk
the Cumberland, riddled and set fire to the Congress, de-
stroyed one large transport steamer, two schooners, and
silenced the land batteries. This wonderful record was made
right under the guns of Newport News. It was about dusk
when the Virginia, using a boarding pike for a flagstaff,
hoisted her colors and steamed away to her anchorage at the
mouth of the Elizabeth River. She was accompanied by her
escort. Of over one hundred guns whose shots had been
concentrated on her for over three hours, there was not one
left that was able to fire a parting salute to that grand old
ship.
At intervals through the night we could hear the explosions
of the guns as they were set off by the fire of the burning
Congress. Her magazine exploded about midnight, sending
a flame of fire high in the air. This was the closing scene
of the first day's battle.
The second day's engagement was opened by the Virginia
with the Minnesota about eight o'clock on March 9. I was on
the beach with several members of my company and saw the
first shot.
The Monitor had made her appearance during the night and
was standing near the Minnesota. She at once entered the
engagement by advancing to close range with the Virginia,
which was constantly dividing her shots between the Monitor
and the Minnesota. The Monitor kept shifting her position
and firing at the Virginia from different angles and at times
from very close range ; while the Minnesota, still aground
some distance away, kept up her fire on the Virginia. We
saw one of the shots from the latter blow up a steamer lying
beside the Minnesota.
The fight was kept up several hours, and finally the Monitor,
apparently unharmed, withdrew in the direction of Fort Mon-
roe. It was learned later, however, that one of the Virginia's
shots had entered the pilot house, wounding Captain Worden,
the commanding officer. The Monitor had withdrawn be-
THE VIRGINIA (MERRIMAC) AND MONITOR.
yond the shallow water, and the Virginia could not follow
because of her draft being over twenty-two feet, while that
of the Monitor was about ten feet. The Virginia held her
position for about an hour awaiting the return of the Monitor;
and when she did not return the Virginia slowly steamed up
the Elizabeth River to the Gosport Navy Yard, where the
officers and crew could be given a much-needed rest from
their poorly ventilated ship.
The Virginia needed some repairs and to have some un-
finished work completed. She had on her trial trip fulfilled
the highest expectations of her builders, officers, and crew
and with complete satisfaction to the Confederate govern-
ment. She had revolutionized the naval construction of the
world. She had brought humiliation to the United States
navy and consternation to the Federal authorities. She had
brought terror and the deepest anxiety to the people in all
the Atlantic Coast cities. It was heralded far and near that
the Virginia could destroy the United States navy and burn
all the cities, including the capital. So great was the fright
and panic in Washington that the Secretary of War ordered
that canal boats and other craft be loaded with stone and
sunk in the channel of the Potomac River to prevent her
from ascending the river and destroying Washington City.
The records show that so great was the excitement a hurried
cabinet meeting was held at the instance of the Secretary of
War. It has been stated that President Lincoln was the only
one present who did not lose his head. When the Secretary
of War and Commodore Dahlgren insisted on blocking the
J
Qoi?federat^ l/eterat).
307
channel of the Potomac, Mr. Lincoln stated that millions had
been spent to open and keep open the channel and that it
would be inadvisable to obstruct it until the Virginia had
passed the guns and the fleet at Fort Monroe. It is also
stated that boats loaded with stone were held in readiness to
close the channel.
In truth, there never was any reason for the great fright
of the Federal authorities on account of the destruction
wrought by the Virginia at Hampton Roads. She could not
have reached Washington on account of her great draft
even if there had been no obstruction in the Potomac River.
She was not seaworthy, and her speed was not over live miles
an hour.
The Virginia's squadron again entered Hampton Roads
near the guns of Old Point for the purpose of drawing the
Monitor into the Roads. The plan was, when she came out
beyond the guns of Old Point to close in and board her at
any cost and take charge of her in a hand-to-hand fight.
Every man knew his part and had the courage to perform the
duty assigned him. The Monitor, however, declined to come
out from under the cover of Old Point.
The Jamestown and steam tug Raleigh on April 11 cap-
tured two government transports loaded with hay, coal, and
grain and towed them to Norfolk. They hauled down the
flags from the transports and hung them at half mast on the
Jamestown and Raleigh under the Confederate flag. They
expected the Monitor to resent this insult, but she still de-
clined.
I was on the beach every day except when prevented by
occasional camp duties, and the only time the Monitor came
beyond the guns of Fort Monroe and the Rip-Raps after her
engagement with the Virginia on March 9 was on May 8,
when she, with several other vessels of the Union fleet, came
far enough to shell the land batteries at Sewell's Point ; but
when the Virginia advanced they withdrew under the guns
of their land batteries at Fort Monroe and the Rip-Raps.
1 ral McClellan's Peninsular Campaign and his march on
Richmond, resulting in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg,
and Seven Pines in the latter part of May, made it necessary
to evacuate Norfolk and defend the capital of the Confed-
eracy. Norfolk was evacuated on May 10, and the troops
there were sent to Petersburg and Richmond.
The Monitor never engaged the Virginia after March 9,
and the latter was not destroyed until the night of May 10 by
her own officers anil crew at the mouth of the Elizabeth
River, near Craney's Island, and they reported the next day
for duty at Richmond. When Norfolk was evacuated, the
Virginia had no base for coal or repairs. She was not sea-
worthy, and on account of her great draft she could not enter
the James River.
The Monitor was not the cause, directly or indirectly, of
the destructii n of the Virginia.
K/ $ 5. ,r§\\
LAST RE11E1V OF FORREST'S CAVALRY.
BY D. B. CASTLEBERRY, BOOXEYILLE, ARK.
During the latter part of March, 1865, General Forrest re-
viewed his troops at West Point, Miss., and immediately
thereafter marched out in the direction of Montevallo, Ala.
It was whispered in camp that a large Federal cavalry was
near there, and on the 31st of March, 1865, we could see vol-
umes of smoke ascending from that direction; and the 3d
Kentucky Regiment was thrown out in a skirmish line, with
Capt. T. C. Miller, of Murray, Ky., in command. We skir-
mished the woods for miles in the direction of the smoke
and found that a force of Federals had burned rolling mills
or foundries about five miles southwest of Montevallo.
When we came into the main road leading to Selma. a call
was made for a volunteer advance guard. The writer and
another Kentucky boy volunteered, and we were ordered to
report to the officer about two hundred yards down the road
toward Montevallo. When we reported, we found that the
officer and the other boys were Alabamians. We proceeded
in the direction of Montevallo, and when within less than
two miles of the town we came upon the outpost picket at a
two-story white house on the left of the road who came out,
saying : "You have got me." To this our commander re-
plied: "Hand up your arms." But instead of handing up his
pistol he fired some four or five times into our squad of fifteen
or twenty without hitting any one. then climbed Over a fence.
and went running toward Montevallo. After we had fired a
few shots, with two other boys I climbed over the fence and
caught him. then turned him over to some other soldiers who
had overtaken us. Capt. T. C. Miller came up and threw us
out as skirmishers again.
The Yankee skirmish line was just on the south side of
Montevallo on a rise, and we were on the brow of a slope,
without any protection whatever, and from two hundred and
fifty to three hundred yards apart. They could shoot at us
and drop back a few feet and be out of sight. This skirmish-
ing lasted for some two or three hours At this time Captain
Miller was commanding the left wing of the skirmish line
and Irve Nance, of Oak Level. Ky., the right. Just as the
Yankees charged us, dashing over the ridge within two hun-
dred and fifty yards of us. Irve Nance said we would every
one be captured; and. sure enough, they did capture several
of us, but didn't get either of our commanders.
As prisoners we went back to Montevallo. a distance of
two or three miles, and were then taken on to Selma, with
continued fighting along the way; at Ebenezer Church there
was a considerable fight. This place, as I remember, was
twenty-five miles from Selma. On the second evening of
April the Federal cavalry captured Selma and most of For-
rest's command, but he and his escort swam the Alabama
River and made their escape.
After General Lee surrendered, we prisoners were taken to-
Montgomery, Ala., and on the 14th of April, 1865, Tom
Lovelace. Tom Matins, James Castleberry, and I were paroled
and walked from Montgomery to our homes, in Western
Kentucky. James Castleberry is dead ; I don't know of Tom-
Lovelace or Tom Mathis.
While at the Birmingham Reunion I went out to Monte-
vallo on Wednesday, the 17th, to see if I could locate the
place of my capture, the house where we captured the outpost
picket, and the place in the town where we were taken after
being captured. Though fifty-one years had passed, I had
no difficulty in recognizing the three spots indicated. Judge
3oS
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
E. S. Lyman, a most excellent gentleman of Montevallo,
showed me every courtesy, driving me to all these places, so
interesting to one who was there at that terrible time facing
a Federal cavalry of fifteen thousand men commanded by
General Wilson. I know of but one other Kentuckian living
at this time who was in that skirmish line, and that is Irve
Nance, of Oak Level, Ky. If any other now living was in
that advance guard or skirmish line, I should be glad to hear
from him.
A CARPETBAGGER'S VIEW OF THE KU-KLUX
KLAX.
BY A. J. EMERSON. DENVER. COLO.
Albion W. Tourgee was a carpetbagger, but he was of a
higher order of man than the rank and file of that speckled
aggregation. He was a lawyer, became a soldier, and was
later a district judge in Dixie. Afterwards he gained con-
siderable reputation as a writer of books. One of his books,
"A Fool's Errand," was, I judge, widely read. He had a
sense of humor. He calls himself the "fool" all the way
through that book. He scorns and laughs at the "wise men"
who were engaged in reconstructing the South. He thinks
he could have done it better himself. He has humor enough
to laugh at himself. He says : "I was captain of the Peru
Invincibles. Company B, of a regiment that did an incredible
amount of boasting at the outset, a marvelous amount of run-
ning soon after, and a reasonable amount of fighting still
later in the Civil War."
Tourgee bought a home in Middle North Carolina and set-
tled down as a citizen ; but they still called him a carpet-
bagger. He tried to gain the friendship of his neighbors.
There was too wide a gap between them. He was brave,
bold, and free to speak his opinions and thoroughly North-
ern. They were Southern. He and they clashed. He be-
came very unpopular, but faced it without flinching.
I remember seeing him several times about 1868. At that
time in North Carolina we had a "scalawag" Governor and
what the people called "the kinky-head" legislature. Tourgee
was our district judge, holding court in several counties. The
people were so angry with him that no one as he advanced
from his hotel toward the courthouse would speak to him.
He comes to the square. A lane is opened in the great silent
crowd for him to pass. But no greeting is heard, no good
morning, no hand stretched forth. He enters the courtroom.
Not a lawyer salutes him. He takes his seat on the bench ;
the sheriff opens court. The judge then hears his first salu-
tation, a lawyer's voice saying: "May it please your honor."
The Governor (scalawag) was equally execrating. His ini-
tials were W. W. When he went out of office, despised by the
great body of his countrymen, his epitaph was :
"Here lies W, W.,
Who no more will trouble you, trouble you."
Tourgee's life was threatened more than once. You would
hardly expect a man thus detested and scorned by a people
to be able to appreciate any of their good qualities. But he
does, and this proves that he was himself far superior to
ordinary carpetbaggers.
As the Ku-Klux Klan has lately become a topic of fresh
public interest, what Tourgee says of the Klan may help to
clear away some of the clouds which hide from view the
mysterious army that delivered the people of the South in
their darkest day of trouble. I present some extracts from
"A Fool's Errand."
Judge Tourgee points out that there 'were at that time two
parties in the various Southern States : one composed of
negroes, ignorant and poor, a few native whites, and a few
Northern men resident in that section. He was one of them.
These are his words : "Either knaves or fools or partaking of
the nature of both who might elect to become permanent
citizens and join in the movement. Against them were to be
pitted the wealth, the intelligence, the organizing skill, the
pride and hate of a people whom it had taken four years to
conquer in open fight when their enemies outnumbered them
three to one, who were animated chiefly by the apprehension
of what seemed now about to be forced upon them by this
miscalled measure of Reconstruction — to wit. the equality of
the negro race."
North and South Two Nations.
"The North and the South had been two households in one
house, two nations under one name. The intellectual, moral,
and social life of each had been utterly distinct and separate
from that of the other. They no mose understood or appre-
ciated each other's feelings or development than John China-
man comprehends the civilization of John Bull. It is true
they spoke the same language, used the same governmental
forms, and, most unfortunately, thought they comprehended
each other's ideas. Each thought that he knew the thought
and purpose of the other better than the thinker knew his
own. The Northern man despised his Southern fellow citi-
zen in bulk as a good-natured braggadocio, mindful of his
own ease, fond of power and display, and with no animating
principle which could in any manner interfere with his in-
terest. The Southern man despised his Northern compeer as
cold-blooded, selfish, hypocritical, cowardly, and envious."
Tourgee, Called "Carpetbagger." Finds That It Stings.
"In order to express their abhorrence for such as dared to
go from the North to become residents of the South without
an absolute surrender of principles, one who was of more in-
tense virulence than the others invented a new term, or rather
reapplied one which he had already helped to make infamous."
"The name itself was a stroke of genius. In all history
there is perhaps no instance of so perfect and complete an
instrument. 'Sans-culottes' is its nearest rival. 'Abolitionist.'
its immediate predecessor, had the disadvantage of an ety-
mological significance which sometimes interfered with its
perfect application. 'Carpetbagger' had, however, all the es-
sentials of a denunciatory epithet in a superlative degree. It
had a quaint and ludicrous sound, was utterly without defined
significance, and was altogether unique. It was susceptible
of one significance in one locality and another in another,
without being open to any etymological objection. This elas-
ticity of signification is of prime importance in a disparaging
epithet; there is almost always a necessity for it."
North and South Curse Carpetbaggers.
"So the South cursed carpetbaggers because they were of
the North, and the North cursed them because the South set
the example."
"In nothing has the South shown its vast moral superiority
over the North more than in this. T pray thee curse me this
people,' it said to the North, first of the abolitionists and
then of carpetbaggers ; and the North cursed, not knowing
whom it denounced and not pausing to inquire whether they
were worthy of stripes or not. Perhaps there is no other
instance in history in which the conquering power has dis-
credited its own agents, denounced those of its own blood
Qopfederat^ tfeterag.
309
and faith, espoused the prejudices of its conquered foes, and
poured the vials of its wrath and contempt upon the only
class in the conquered territory who defended its acts, sup-
ported its policy, promoted its aim, or desired its preserva-
tion and continuance."'
A Neighbor Tells Judge Tourcee of the Ku-Klux Klan.
"I heard the noise of horses, quiet and orderly, but many.
Looking from the window in the clear moonlight, I saw
horsemen passing down the street, taking their stations here
and there, like guards who had been tolled off for duty at
specific points. Two stopped opposite my house, two opposite
Mr. Haskin's, and two or three on the corner below. They
seemed to have been sent on before as a sort of picket guard
for the main body, which soon came in. I should say there
were from a hundred to a hundred and fifty still in line.
They were all masked and wore black robes. The horses
were disguised, too. by drapings. There were only a few
mules in the whole company. They were good horses, though ;
one could tell that by their movements. O, it was a respecta-
ble crowd ! No doubt about that. sir. Beggars don't ride in
this country. I don't know when I have seen so many good
horses together since the Yankee cavalry left here after the
surrender. They were drilled, too. Plenty of old soldiers
in that crowd. Why, everything went like clock work. Not
a word was said, just a few whistles given. They came like
a dream and went away like a mist. I thought we should
have to fight for our lives ; but they did not disturb any one
here. Tiny gathered down by the courthouse. After a while
from my back window I saw them down about the tree. A
signal was given, and just at that time a match was struck,
and I saw a dark body swing down under the limb."
"This new reign of terror had come so stilly and quietly
upon the world that none realized its fearfulness and extent
At first it had been a thing of careless laughter to the great,
free, unsuspecting North, then a matter of contemptuous
ridicule, and finally a question of incredulous horror."
" \lways the same intangible presence, the same invisible
power. Well did it name itself 'The Invisible Empire." Un-
seen and unknown! In one State ten thousand, in another
twenty thousand, in another forty thousand; in all an army
r than the rebellion, from the moldering remains of
which it sprang, could ever put into the field ! An invisible
empire with a trained and disciplined army of masked mid-
night marauders making war upon the weakling 'powers'
which the wife men had set up in the lately rebellious terri-
tory."
Colonel Tourgee Comes Near Seeing the Ku-Klux.
It is night. Colonel Tourgee and Judge Denton are on the
train which arrives at Glenville near midnight, to go from
there by carriage to Colonel Tourgee's home. A young girl
is riding to the station to warn them of the Ku-Klux who,
she has learned, are planning to meet them. She comes to
the forks of the road and knows not which to take. She
hears hoof strokes on all three of the roads and hides among
the scrub pines bordering the roads. There were men all
about her. Three of them came into the road so near her
that she could easily hear all they said. One of the men
spoke: "Gentlemen. I am the East Commander of Camp No.
5. of Pultowa County."
"And I. of Camp No. 8. of Wayne."
"And I. of No. 12. of Sevier."
"You are the men I expected to meet." said the first.
"W« were ordered to report to you," said the others.
"How many men have you each?"
"Thirty-two from No. 8."'
"Thirty-one from No. 12."
"I myself have forty. Are yours informed of the work on
hand?"'
"Not a word."
The leaders went back to the intersection of the roads,
mounted their horses, and the leader commanded, "Atten-
tion!"' The men gathered closer, and then all was still.
Then the leader said in words heard by the trembling girl :
"Gentlemen, we have met here to execute the extreme penalty
of our order upon Thomas Denton. This unpleasant duty,
of course, will be done as becomes earnest men. Colonel
Tourgee, who is with him, is not included in the decree. I
submit to you the question : 'What shall be done with the
radical carpetbagger Tourgee?'"
It was moved that the same decree be made against him as
against Denton. The vote was taken. All were in the affirma-
tive except one.
The girl, with her revolver ready cocked in her hand,
turned and cautiously made her way to the road which had
been indicated as one to Glenville. Keeping on the shady
side, she had gone about one hundred and fifty yards when
she came to a turn in the road and saw in the moonlight one
of the Ku-Klux sentries. He was facing the other way, but
whirled and called, "Halt I"
Almost before the word was out of the sentry's mouth she
gave spur to her horse and shot like an arrow into the bright
moonlight straight toward the black-muffled horseman.
"My God!" he cried, amazed at the sudden apparition.
She was close upon him in an instant. She threw forward
her revolver and fired. His startled horse sprang aside, and
Lily, urging Young Lollard to his utmost speed, was flying
down the road to Glenville. On, on she sped, arriving at the
station in time to prevent Judge Denton and Colonel Tourgee
from riding into the dreaded snare of the Ku-Klux.
The Excuse of the Rebels for the Ku-Klux Klan.
"Ah me!" says the Judge, "the excuse of the Rebels is sad,
sadder almost than the bloody facts themselves. What is it?
We were rebels in arms: we surrendered and by the terms
of surrender were promised immunity so long as we obeyed
the laws. This meant that we should govern ourselves as of
old. Instead of this, they put military officers over us; they
imposed disabilities on our bravest and best: they liberated
our slaves and gave them power over us. Men born at the
North came among us and were given place and power by
slaves and renegades. They were incompetent officers. The
revenues of the State were squandered. We were taxed to
educate the blacks. Enormous debts were contracted. We
did not do these acts from political motives, but only be-
cause the parties had made themselves obnoxious. Alas, alas
that a people who had inaugurated and carried through a
great war should come to regard anything as an excuse for
organized thuggism !"
You perceive, reader, that the Judge's effort to see his
Southern neighbors as they saw themselves was rather a fail-
ure. But let that pass. He goes on to say :
"Yet it was a magnificent sentiment that underlay it all,
an unfaltering determination, an invincible defiance to all that
had the seeming of compulsion or tyranny. One can but re-
gard with pride and sympathy the indomitable men who,
being conquered in war, yet resisted every effort of the con-
queror to change their laws, their customs, or even the per-
iio
(^orjfederat^ l/efcerai).
sonnel of their ruling class, and this, too, not only with un-
yielding stubbornness, but with success. One can but admire
the arrogant boldness with which they charged the nation
which had overpowered them, even in the teeth of her legis-
lators, with perfidy, malice, and a spirit of unworthy and
contemptible revenge. How they laughed to scorn the Re-
construction acts of which the wise men boasted ! How
boldly they declared the conflict to be irrepressible and that
white and black could not and should not live together as co-
ordinate ruling elements !
"And then the organization itself, so complete and yet so
portable and elastic ! So perfect in disguise that, of the
thousands of victims, scarce a score could identify one of
their persecutors ! In it we may recognize the elements that
go to make up a grand and kingly people. They felt them-
selves insulted and oppressed. No matter whether they were
or not, be the fact one way or another, it does not affect their
conduct. If the Reconstruction which the wise men ordained
was unjust; if the North was the aggressor and wrongful
assailant of the South in war; if to degrade and humiliate
her enemy the terms of the surrender were falsified and new
and irritating conditions imposed; if the outcasts of Northern
life were sent or went thither to encourage or induce the
former slave to act against his former master — if all this
were true, it would be no more an excuse or justification for
the course pursued than would the honest belief that these
facts were true by the masses who formed the rank and file
of this grotesquely uniformed body of partisan cavalry. In
any case, it must be counted as the desperate effort of a
proud, brave, and determined people to secure and hold what
they deemed to be their rights."
BULLETS USED IN THE CIVIL WAR.
BY ALBERT KERN, DAYTON, OHIO.
The articles on "Explosive Bullets" appearing in the Vet-
eran for February and April of the present year have inter-
ested me sufficiently to justify the giving of fuller details and
correcting statements about a feature that has been misunder-
stood and the error repeated at intervals ever since the great
struggle between the States; and as the Veteran has ever
stood for the truth of history, this reply will be of timely inter-
est. Space will permit only a mention of the chief, or most
commonly used, projectiles for small arms, those used by the
infantry of both armies.
The old musket, smooth-bore and of 69-caliber, used a
round ball tied at the top of a paper cartridge with three
buckshot, the well-known "buck-and-ball cartridge." Many
of these old guns were hurriedly altered from flint to per-
cussion, and in the North large numbers of the original per-
cussion muskets, dating in manufacture from about the year
1845, were improved by rifling and barrels. The chief serv-
ice arms, however, were the 58-caliber Springfield rifle and
the 577-caliber English Enfield, the latter extensively used in
the South.
As early as the year 1833 Captain Minie, of the Chasseurs
d'Orleans, the Rifle Brigade of France, designed an elon-
gated bullet that was destined to mark an epoch in the his-
tory of rifle development. In 1848-49 this bullet was intro-
duced in the French service. The bullet was elongated, with
three grooves for lubrication and bearing upon the rifling.
A deep cavity or pocket in the base contained at the outer
edge an iron cup which was driven into the cavity by the dis-
charge of the gun, which produced an expansion of the base of
the bullet, causing it to take the rifling, as bullets used in all
muzzle-loading arms had necessarily to be of a diameter pro-
portionally smaller than the bore in order to allow loading
after the gun became foul from firing.
The English Admiralty Board adopted the Enfield rifle
(so named from the place of manufacture), using an elon-
gated ball or "picket" of smooth surface without grooves and.
dispensing with Minie's iron cup, placed in the cavity enter-
ing the base a packing of clay or a hardwood plug. (See
Greener's "Development of the Gun." page no, etc.) This
plug caused the base expansion desired. The reformed 69-
caliber American guns about the time of the opening of the
war used the Minie bullet and a wooden plug in the cavity.
In adopting the new 58-caliber rifles and using the three-
grooved Minie bullet it was found that the wooden plug was
not necessary, as the exploding powder gas expanded the
base of the bullet and thus gave it the spin, or rotary motion,
desired. In the Confederate army the Enfield was used with
its smooth-sided bullet; there was also a two-grooved bullet,
sometimes cast with a cavity in base and sometimes with a
solid base. It was long a question which gun carried the
farthest, the 58-caliber Springfield or the 577-caliber Enfield,
with the majority opinion in favor of the Enfield.
There were no explosive bullets used by either army in
any of the service or regulation arms, as far as the writer has
been able to ascertain. The device about to be described re-
fers solely to expanding bullets.
Elijah D. Williams, of Philadelphia, Pa., on December 9,
1862, patented "an improvement in elongated bullets." His
patent bears the number 37145 and is described thus in Vol-
ume I., page 696, year 1862, Patent Office Reports : "This in-
vention consists in the combination with an elongated expand-
ing bullet, of a headed pin and a concave expanding disk, the
disk having its concave side against the base of the bullet and
the pin entering the cavity thereof and operating to produce
the flattening of the disk, by which it caused it to expand
against the walls of and enter the rifle grooves of the gun.
Claim : First, the combination with elongated expanding bul-
lets of a pin C and expanding disk B applied and substan-
tially as herein specified. Second, Fitting the pin to the cavity
of the bullet in the manner substantially as herein specified,
whereby the expansion of the bullet is caused to commence
in the front part of its expanding portion and to be gradually
continued toward the rear, as herein set forth."
This was the bullet extensively used in the Civil War and
which the writer has found on the battle fields.
On July 19, 1864, Williams obtained another patent for
what he then termed an "expanding bullet" and is Patent No.
43615, Volume I., 1864, page 647, Patent Office Reports. This
bullet omitted the zinc disk, but the device came too late for
use in the war. Williams at this time had removed to the
city of New York.
On September 27, 1864, Mary G. Williams and John Owen,
of New York, as administrators of Elijah D. Williams, de-
ceased, obtained a patent for still another form of expanding
bullet, known as Patent No. 44492, Volume I., page 450, year
1864, Patent Office Reports. This bullet was shorter in
length than the others and had a differently applied washer,
and the ball itself had lines of fracture, so that it would
break into fragments on leaving the gun; the headed pin was
of taper form. This bullet also came too late for adoption,
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
;n
and the writer has found none of this type on the battle fields
or in packages of cartridges.
The Williams bullet first described was made entirely of
lead, except the washer or disk, which was zinc. It was also
found that the expansion of the disk served to clean the bar-
rel from powder residue. But as its action was not deemed
any too safe for the rifling, only one such ball was placed
among the ten cartridges in the packets and sometimes only
one in every third packet. Undoubtedly the plug or pin and
its attendant washer often came apart on leaving the gun or
were carried along with the ball and into a wound. It is also
possible that some corrosion of the zinc disk was injurious
to a wound, and hence came the assertion that "the Confeder-
ates were using poisoned bullets."
B. J. Lossing, usually an authentic historian, was badly
advised (Volume III., page 78) when compiling his illustrated
history of the Civil War— Gettysburg : "At the hospitals of
the national wounded in the town many manly young men
were wounded in every conceivable way, by every kind of
weapon and missile, the most fiendish of which was an ex-
plosive bullet. Whether any were used by the nationals, the
writer is not advised.''
To this remarkable and inaccurate statement a drawing is
attached corresponding exactly with the Williams bullet de-
scribed.
In the footnote Lossing goes on to say : "The drawing
represents the explosive bullet. It contained a stem with a
piece of thin copper hollowed and a head over it of bullet
metal, fitting a cavity in the bullet proper. In the bottom of
the cavity was fulminate powder. When the bullet struck,
the momentum would cause the inverted copper disk to flatten
and allow the point of the stem to strike and explode the
fulminating powder, when the bullet would be rent into frag-
ments which would lacerate the victim." He also says that
he had procured some of these bullets from the battle fields,
etc. The error of this statement will at once be noted. The
disk was zinc, not copper; and of the many Williams bullets
examined by the writer from unused cartridges, no powder
of any kind was found in the cavity. The ball was "expand-
ing." not explosive, and was not a device of the Confederates.
The data supplied in this article and description of the patent
abundantly refute the above statement.
The writer as a boy in making up a war-time scrapbook
with clippings from newspapers of the time found such a
printed statement. The Southern soldier in using captured
ammunition used these bullets without knowing their design
or form, as the bullet when released from its paper wrapping
in loading had the grooves and the space between the base
of the ball and the headed tige. or pin. filled with tallow wax,
and it looked like any other bullet. Apropos of the "poisoned
bullet" statement, the following personal incident is given :
Some ten years ago. on the occasion of a visit to Lookout
Mountain, the writer was passing along by the tables of relic
vendors to the right of the path toward the Point, all of
whom solicited a purchase, etc. One of them, a sad-faced
man. with every appearance of having been a soldier and
who made no appeal, attracted my attention. Upon inquiry
he produced a small box of bullets, which, scattered on the
table, were being looked over, when there came along a large
red-faced man, somewhat under the influence of liquor, who,
noting that there were several of these bullets and parts of
them being laid aside for purchase, intruded the remark:
"These are some of the d— d poisoned bullets the Johnnies
used in the war." The writer replied : "You are grossly mis-
taken. These bullets were not poisoned and were the in-
vention of a Northern man." Again the intruder repeated
his statement, adding: "I tell you I was on Joe Hooker's
staff, and I know what I'm talking about." To which this
reply was made : "You may have been an ornament on Gen-
eral Hooker's staff, but you are talking to the wrong man in
relation to these bullets, and you are mistaken and insulting
when you accuse gallant men of an act for which they were
not to blame nor aware of. You had better pass on." The
man retired, and the old soldier extended his hand across
the table in gratified approval.
Explosive bullets containing fulminate, or black powder,
charges were not used for military purposes. This pattern
of ball was designed for hunting rifles and usually those of
large caliber for big game-shooting. The cavity generally
entered from the point of the ball and was charged with pow-
der and fired by a percussion cap on impact. (See Greener,
page 180. ")
The same effect or even greater is now obtained by the
modern device of a metal-manteled bullet, leaving about one-
fourth of an inch at the point, with exposed part of lead
core. These are known as dumdum bullets, from the town
in India where they were first used. The use of these ex-
panding or "mushrooming" balls is supposed to be prohibited
in war.
Explosive and Poisonous Bullets.
Horace Edwin Hayden. Wilkes-Barre. Pa. of the i^t Vir-
ginia and 1st Maryland Cavalry, C. S. A., writes:
"Kindly refer your correspondents, Dr. George Brown, on
page 95. February number, and Mr. James A. Lyons, page
185. April number, to the Veteran for April. 1809. pages
156-158. where they will find the larger part of an article by
myself which will answer their queries on this subject. The
full article will be found in the 'Southern Historical Society
Papers' of October, 1880, Volume VIII.. covering ten pages.
"The subject was brought out by Lossing in his 'Pictorial
History of the Civil War in the United States.' Volume III.,
page 78, in which, without the least effort to prove his state-
ments, he makes the false charge against the Confederate
States of using such fiendish weapons against the United
States as poisonous and explosive rifle balls. In my paper
I have shown from the United States Patent Office Reports
that these very rifle balls were patented by the United States
Patent Office and distributed to the United States troops and
used by them and that they were neither poisonous nor ex-
plosive balls.
"Just one year ago a certain person at Antietam. Md., wrote
me thus : 'You will have to prove to me that no poisonous
bullets were used before the battle of Gettysburg. Pa. In the
battle of Antietam. September 17, 1862. a long, smooth bullet,
one ounce in weight, with a deep cavity, was used. It had
a cork plug in the end. and the cavity was filled with a
poisonous substance. They were made in England and sent
to the South : and instead of the point's being foremost, the
big end was. and this I have proof of.'
"I wrote at once to Mr. Reilly and endeavored to secure
one of these poisonous balls, but he never responded to my
request. What truth there may be in his statement I know
not; but after the distinguished historian Lossing's deliberate
effort to prove his charge against us without investigation, I
am greatly in doubt about Mr. Reilly's charge."
:i2
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
.4 .V.-JTei'I.-J.VD BOY IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY.
BY G. B. PH1LF0T, MILLBURN, N. J.
When a very young man, still in my teens, I took the ad-
vice of Horace Greeley and went West, leaving my old home
in Maryland where I was born and reared, and located in
Jacksonville, 111., to make my fortune. All went well until
the war was actually started by the booming of guns at
Charleston, S. C. Having been born and reared in a South-
ern State, my sympathies were naturally with the South ;
but the sympathies of the people with whom I lived were
naturally with the North. I was not wise enough to keep
a silent tongue in my head, but must express myself on all
occasions ; so I soon found that it would not be healthy for.
me. either physically or financially, to remain in that com-
munity.
I determined to return to my old home in Maryland and
show the courage of my convictions by making my way across
the Potomac River and into the Confederate army. When I
reached my home, I found a number of my old companions,
with sympathies like my own, who were as enthusiastic to
enter the Confederate army as myself. We held secret meet-
ings to devise ways and means for crossing the river. The
means we had in our own horses ; the way was the trouble.
We learned of an old ford, long abandoned, which was not
guarded by the Yankees. The bridges had all been burned
by those bad fellows, the Rebels, to prevent the Yankees
from crossing. I packed my carpetbag and went to the old
ford, where I found one of our boys on the bank drying his
clothes. His horse had thrown him into the river and left him
to get out the best he could. Nothing daunted, I plunged in
and fared better. Although my horse fell, I was not thrown,
but got into deep water and by swimming and fording reached
the Virginia shore thoroughly soaked. I rode to a hill, where
I could see either way, took the clothes from my bag and
from my back, hung them on the fence, and retired to the
woods to await the drying process. Fortunately, no one
passed, not even a "coon," or I might have been minus clothes.
In a few days all of our boys got over safely, and we
started on the march for Romney to join Colonel Ashby.
When we got to Leesburg, one of our boys (Thrasher) found
that his horse had lost a shoe; so we stopped at a black-
smith shop to have him shod. The smith being a Union man
and inclined to talk, he and Thrasher got into a discussion
about the war. The smith called Thrasher a liar. He had
not lived long enough in the South to learn that when one
man calls another a liar he must expect a blow in return.
Thrasher said in a very cool and deliberate manner: "I came
over here to fight, and I will begin right here." He then
struck the smith a blow, which knocked him down. Thrasher
said : "Now get up and shoe my horse, and if you prick him
I will come back and kill you." The horse was properly shod,
and the smith was not killed.
We arrived in Romney with fifty men and held an election
for officers. My name was not mentioned, not even for cor-
poral. There were no uniforms for us, and the only arms
were six Colt's revolving rifles and single- and double-barreled
shotguns. A few of the boys had long knives made by a
blacksmith with which they were going to cut to pieces any
Yankee who dared to invade the sacred soil of Virginia. We
were sent to Springfield, eight miles off, for drill and picket
duty. About the third night we were roused by the cry,
"Yankees coming!" We mounted and sat in our saddles
until daylight. No Yankees came. This was repeated sev-
eral nights, until it became monotonous to me, and I deter-
mined to find out where the Yankees were and their number
by going to their camp in person without letting any one
know where I was going.
I rode over the mountains and crossed the river about a
mile below Cumberland, in Maryland, where they were en-
camped. I made a circuit of the town and, approaching from
the Pennsylvania side, entered the town after traveling about
thirty-five miles. Going to a hotel, I had my horse fed and
got my supper, got some cigars, and took my seat in front
of the hotel to decide what should be my next move. Just then
two soldiers came along, and I surmised that they were going
to their camp. I joined them and asked them to pass me into
their camp, which they did very willingly. Inside, I ap-
proached an officer, gave him my name as Frank Johnson,
that I lived with my father six miles from town, which I
knew would be in Pennsylvania. I told him that my father
had sent me to town on business for him, and. being through
with the business, I came to the camp to see the soldiers drill
and the dress parade. He told me I was too late for either;
that it was all over for the day. I then asked him : "Where
are the Rebels?" He replied: "At Romney." Ashby, with
eight or ten thousand troops, w-as there, and reports were
coming in daily that Ashby was preparing to attack them at
any time, and if he did they would be obliged to fall back
into Pennsylvania, as they had not force enough to meet the
Rebels. He then told me the numbers of their cavalry, in-
fantry, and artillery, just what I wanted to know. Being
then ready to leave, I invited him to come out to our house
the next day (Sunday) to dinner; that my father and all the
family would be glad to entertain one of Uncle Sam's of-
ficers; that we would give him an old-fashioned country din-
ner, and I would return with him in the afternoon to see the
drill and dress parade. He expressed much pleasure for the
invitation and said he would gladly accept. I told him the
road to take and that any one on the road could direct him,
as my father was well known in that vicinity.
With the information secured. I took my departure. Walk-
ing leisurely to the hotel, I paid my bill and started on the
return trip, taking the same route back as I had entered and
in a very leisurely manner until I had crossed the river. Not
until then did I realize the risk or the danger and the fate
that awaited me if captured, and they might yet suspect and
follow me. I then said to my horse, "Billy, old boy, get a
move on," which he did in fine shape. I knew then that all
the horses in Uncle Sam's army could not catch me. I
reached our camp safely, got a couple of hours' sleep, then
rode to Ashby's camp and reported what I had done. He
was glad to get the information and complimented me some-
what on the bravery of the trip, but advised me never to
undertake the experiment again. I told him it was not
bravery, but simply and purely fool ignorance; that I did
not know the rules and usages of war. When I returned to
my camp, the captain said something about arresting me for
being absent from roll call; but after I told him what I had
done, there was no arrest.
We were not called out again by false alarms, but slept
peacefully on the soft side of our wooden benches until or-
dered to report to headquarters and from there on a march
until we heard the guns at Bull Run. We got there too late
to take part in the fight, which was just over, and the
Yankees were fleeing; but we were in good time to join
in the chase and for the capture of many prisoners with
pistols, sabers, and army saddles enough to equip our com-
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
313
pany. Among the prisoners were four Yankee Congressmen
who had come out from Washington to see the fight from a
safe distance, of course, and, as they said, "to see the Rebels
run." They too were escorted to Richmond to luxuriate in
Libby Prison until exchanged for our officers captured in the
early part of the fight.
Our next move was to Charlestown, in the Shenandoah
Valley. Soon reports came that the Yankees were crossing
the river at Shepherdstown in small bands, committing depre-
dations, much to the annoyance of the citizens. We were sent
there for their protection, and upon arrival we ran into a
small band and drove them across the river without any blood
being shed. The ladies hailed us at once as heroes and their
deliverers. They at once sent a committee with a petition to
Colonel Ashby to allow us to remain for their protection; that
they would feed both men and horses. The petition was
granted. Then we had some of the sweets without any of the
bitter of war. The Yankees were on their good behavior, as
they knew we would punish them if they were not. Frequently
they came in boats to the middle of the river and called for
the Johnnie Rebs to meet them, when we chatted in the
most friendly manner and exchanged tobacco for sugar and
coffee. All this time we were living on the fat of the land
and making love to the pretty girls. One evening the Yanks
bombarded the town with solid shot, I thought more to
frighten the citizens than for anything else, as no damage was
done. I was promenading with a young lady by moonlight
at the time, and she was so badly frightened that she actually
fainted and fell into my arms, which was exceedingly em-
barrassing to me. And when she recovered consciousness
sin too was embarrassed to find herself in my arms. I man-
aged, however, to get her home safely.
Our next move was to Martinsburg to cover Stonewall
Jackson's rear at Winchester and in front of General Banks,
who was in Maryland. Winter was on now. and our duties
wc re very easy. We soon got acquainted with all the good
people of the town and were beginning to have a good time,
when Stonewall on the first day of January, 1862, ordered us
to join him for a move into West Virginia. The third day
of our march we halted for rest. The next morning Welsh
and I went out on a foraging expedition. We reached a
farmhouse where the good wife was making bread and pics.
The husband, a Union man, fearing arrest, had skipped into
Maryland. The wife positively refused to give or sell us any
of her bread or pies. We could, of course, have taken them,
but Southern chivalry forbade it. On leaving. Welsh noticed
some beehives and proposed to get even with her by coming
at night and taking one of the hives. Why we should wait
for night I do not know, unless it was because all evildoers
prefer the cover of darkness for their evil deeds. At night
we got one hive and deposited it in our room, where the
boys had a roaring fire. Soon the bees warmed up and at-
tacked us front, flank, and rear. We retreated precipitately
into the snow and bitter cold, where we held a council of
war and decided that the only way to recapture our castle
was to lasso the hive, as no man was brave enough to enter.
This we did after many attempts. Xow the hive was out. but
the bees were in. The only thing then was to freeze them
out, and while doing that we were freezing outside. We
opened all the windows and the doors and waited for the
fire to burn down. When we saw them freezing, we raised
the black flag and boldly marched in, all nearly frozen. Our
prize contained about twenty pounds of honey, which we
divided with the boys who had assisted us in retaking our
castle.
On our return to Martinsburg Bill O'Byrn, a half Irishman,
armed himself with a fishing line, with a grain of corn as
bait, for a flock of geese he had seen. The bait was im-
mediately taken by an old gander, which, of course, wabbled
along after Bill until his neck was wrung and secured to
the saddle. The captain came along and asked Bill where
he got the goose. Bill said he stopped to get water and the
goosi ran him, and he was afrad the "d — n goose would bite
him." That goose was taken to camp and cooked, then stolen
by one of my mess. We tried to carve it with a sharp knife,
which was out of the question ; we then sent for an ax, with
which we managed to cut it into pieces. We tried to chew
it. but might as well have chewed on inch-thick rubber. One
of the boys insisted that that goose was one of the flock
which had notified Xero of the burning of Rome.
We halted one daj opposite Hancock, where there w
force (if > ankees and a long train of cars, filled witli army
supplies, at the railroad station on the Virginia side 1
river. We went quietly at night, loaded all the wagons we
had and all we could get in the country around, and
them to camp, while the men carried all they could on their
backs — all done without disturbing the Yankees. The first
they knew of their loss was when they saw the train burn-
ing, and wc had gone. Harry Gillmore, one of mj
found at Berkley Springs, in a cottage which had been oc-
cupied by his uncle the previous summer, three mattresses,
which Harry thought ho ought to save for his uncle, and at
the same time they would be a great comfort to us.
We were now back in Martinsburg for the winter, with
General Banks on Ins good behavior on the Maryland shore,
twelve miles off. We had little to worry us and much pleas-
ure ahead, such as sleigh-riding, dancing parties, and making
love to the pretty girls. One party was given to which one
of my friends was not invited, so I called on her to try to
console her for the disappointment. I found her so very en-
tertaining that I did not get to the party until very late, then
I was bombarded on all sides: "Why so late?" My ex-
cuse was that 1 had 1" - n on picket duty and was just off,
which satisfied them for thi time. The next day a yo
si^trr of the lady with whom I had spent the evening told
her companions of my call the evening before, and they in
turn told their big sifters. Another party was given, and 1.
on time, was again bombarded with: "O. so glad to see you
on time! We were afraid you were again on picket, as on the
night of Mrs. Tcndleton's party." I agreed to compromise
the matter by calling on each and every one and staying as
long as I had with the first lady, and I kept my promise.
Those happy day~ were brought to a close on the 2d of
March, 1862, when General Banks, without any previous warn-
ing and which I thought very mean of him, broke up our fun
by advancing. We had to advance too in the same direc-
tion and had hardly time to say good-by to our friends. Our
regiment being Jackson's rear guard, we had to keep the
Yankee cavalry from crowding Jackson's rear ; and for sixty-
odd days we were under tire. Jackson retreating very leisure-
ly. We halted one day to reorganize by electing new officers,
and I was honored by being made lieutenant. That retreat
was kept up for about a hundred miles. Without notifying
Banks. Jackson crossed the mountain, marched down the
Luray Valley on a parallel road, and surprised Banks by at-
tacking him on front, flank, and rear, pushing him back tn
the starting point, leaving to Jackson nearly all of his v
314
(^oi)federat^ l/eterap.
train and army supplies. Banks was ever after known. North
and South, as Jackson's commissary general.
Then Jackson began another retreat, a little more hastily
this time. General Fremont was marching west of him on
the other side of the mountain on a parallel road, while Gen-
eral Shields was marching east of the Shenandoah River, also
on a parallel road, both trying to cut him off farther up the
valley; therefore it required speed. He marched one day
thirty-rive miles with his "foot cavalry" without a straggler.
with Banks following. When Jackson got to Port Republic
ahead of both Fremont and Shields, he turned on Banks and
sent him down the valley with a flea in his ear. Then he
turned on Fremont and, after several hours of hard fighting,
sent him limping back across the mountain. Jackson then
crossed the north fork of the river, burned the bridge, made
a pontoon bridge of wagons, and crossed the south fork of
the river. He met Shields and, with a couple of hours more
of hard fighting, drove him back down the river. Stonewall
fought and defeated three different armies, either one of
which was much larger than his own. He then crossed the
mountain to the railroad and shipped his army to the relief
of General Lee on the flank of General McClellan. Our
cavalry was left in the valley in front of Shields to keep him
from joining McClellan, which we did very effectually.
Our next move was to Cedar Mountain, stopping at a
spring near the battle field. Being the first to dismount, I
found on the bank a money belt in which was forty-five dol-
lars in gold, left by an unfortunate Yankee. I took good
care to make no effort to find the owner, because I thought
the owner would not need the money after the fight which
was about to begin. The Yanks were driven from that field,
and we moved to Manassas Junction, where we surprised
and captured the garrison at breakfast. The officers in a
mess hall had just taken their seats, and we very politely re-
quested them to step aside until we could enjoy the hot break-
fast prepared for them. Then came the second Bull Run
fight, after which General Hope was seen with his disor-
ganized army fleeing to Washington. Our next move was to
Frederick City, Md., the city of Barbara Frietchie fame.
That myth was inspired by the fertile and imaginative brain
of Mrs. Southworth, who had often visited the city and
knew there was such a person as Barbara Frietchie living
there and that she was a sympathizer of the Union cause: but
she was at that time ninety-odd years old and bedridden, and
consequently she could not have gotten to the window to
wave the Union flag at Jackson's men. Mrs. Southworth gave
the story to Whittier, which he later put ino verse.
Jack West and I were invited by an old gentleman to be
his guests while in the city, and we gladly accepted. I had
been detailed by General Jones to recruit for my company,
which had been very much depleted. I had circulars dis-
tributed calling on the young men to rally to our flag, in
which I quoted a line from the Maryland song, "She bleeds,
she burns ; she'll come, she'll come, Maryland, my Maryland."
I recruited fifteen men, who were ever after called the "Bleed-
ers." On the third morning, while we were dressing, the key
was turned in the lock of our door, and the old gentleman
said : "You are now my prisoners." I said : "Jack, what does
that old man mean?" Jack said: "You know that he is a
Union man and will try to keep us until the Yankees come
in." I said: "He can't hold me. I will jump out of the win-
dow onto the roof of the porch and slide down the pillar."
Just then the old man, who had heard all our talk, again
turned the key and said: "Boys, breakfast is waiting for you."
We were greatly relieved, and the old man told it as a great
joke on us. I left the city the same day with my Bleeders
and went to my old home, where I spent three happy days
with my mother and sisters.
Sharpsburg came next, with its desperate all-day fighting,
night and darkness ending it. General Lee recrossed the
river at night for the want of ammunition and rested on the
Virginia shore, while General McClellan rested on the Mary-
land shore. General Stuart then made a raid around and in
the rear of McClellan's army, through Pennsylvania, and im-
pressed about one thousand horses from the rich farmers.
That was the first long march that my Bleeders had, and
they suffered terribly, as it poured in torrents one whole
night. We lived on the same fare as our horses (green corn)
and never left the saddle except to feed men and horses. We
were three days and nights on that march. We next en-
camped about two miles from Orange Courthouse, Va. A
regiment of the Yanks suddenly appeared in the town, halted
on the main street, where they could not been seen by us,
and set a trap by facing their men one-half east, the other
west. One company was then sent out on the road leading
to our camp to decoy us in, and we took the bait. When we
met them, they skirmished a little, then ran, we, of course, fol-
lowing. They divided where the road forked, and Colonel
Jones ordered me to follow the part going west, which at
Main Street again turned west, with us following. A short
distance from the town there was a deep mudhole extend-
ing across the road, into which my horse fell, with four others.
When I picked myself up. I found Yankees in front and
behind and a mudhole in the center. We five jumped the
post fence and ran up the hill. Their horses could not jump
the fence, and they were obliged to go back to a gate in order
to follow us. On the top of the hill was a garden with a
paling fence, over which I jumped without being seen by
them, and I crawled under the bushes. They passed within
a foot of me. but they saw only the four running to a strip
of woods, whom they followed and captured.
After I had been under the bushes about an hour (I thought
it a lifetime), I heard an angelic voice calling: "Soldier,
soldier, you can come out now ; the Yankees have all gone."
For a moment I wondered if I was in heaven, with an angel
calling me. When the same voice again called, "Soldier,
soldier, don't be afraid; the Yankees have all gone," I knew
I could trust that voice and crawled out, to find a charming
young lady, who laughed at my appearance. No wonder.
I was covered with mud. and perspiration, with dust and
blood mingling, was running down my face. She escorted me
to the house. Her father and mother met us in the yard,
and they too laughed at my appearance, which now was a
little embarrassing to me in the presence of my angel. They
made amends, however, by ordering water, soap, and a towel,
with which I was soon a little more presentable. In the mean-
time the old gentleman said he thought a little whisky would
do me good. I thought so too and gladly accepted his hos-
pitality, while the mother of my angel was preparing some-
thing more solid, for which I was grateful also. Soon the
boys who had escaped returned with my horse, which had
followed them, and I was ready for another expedition. I
lost but four men. while Colonel Jones, who had followed the
other squad, lost the major and ten men captured.
Again we returned to the valley at Woodstock. I was or-
dered with my company to Fisher's Hill to watch the Yankees
at Strasburg, about one mile away, all open country between
the two places, with the pike running through. We could see
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
3*5
the Yankee camp, but they could not see us on account of the
trees and tall bushes. Now, I thought, I will get even for
Orange Courthouse. The road up and around the hill was
winding and very narrow. I placed my men on the side of
the road in the bushes on the bank above, some ten feet high ;
on the other side of the road there was also a very steep
bank. I told my men to kill the horses of the first set that
came, which would block the road. The Yanks would have
to wheel in the narrow road to get back, and during the
wheeling my boys could get in their work. I tried many
days without success to draw them on by going with a squad
and skirmishing with them until I could induce them to
charge and follow us to my ambush. They finally took the
bait, and I allowed them to get so close they could not re-
sist the temptation any longer and rode into my trap. We
wounded only a few and captured fifteen, with their horses
and arms. My horse was shot, but I escaped by crawling
under the bushes again. I then felt that I was more than
even for Orange Courthouse.
General Jones starte"d on an expedition to West Virginia
and detailed me to take command of the camp during his
absence. Two men who had been on furlough came in and
reported that they had been to their homes in Charleston,
in the enemy's lines, and that there was a company of
Yankee cavalry quartered in the courthouse in Charleston.
I found fifty men willing to go with me to try to capture
the lot. We were three days making the trip over the
mountain and across the Shenandoah River. Leaving our
horses about a mile from the town, we went on foot to
the courthouse and surrounded it. They were quietly sleep-
ing, never dreaming that any Rebels were within seventy
miles of them ; and when alarmed by their sentry, they fired
through the door, but hurt no one. I called to them to sur-
render, and that if another shot was fired I would burn the
building with them in it. Another shot was fired, whereupon
I threw a lighted match in the straw where they had been
sleeping. They were then ready to surrender. We secured
their arms, marched them to the stable, and ordered each man
to bridle and saddle his horse, also the extra horses. We had
captured one lieutenant and fifty-four men, with their arms,
and sixty-five horses.
Tt was then two o'clock in the morning, and we marched
until the middle of the afternoon without feeding. Two of
my men, who lived in that section, left camp to go to their
homes and met three men dressed in Confederate uniforms
who represented themselves as Mosby's men. When told
what we had done and where we were at that time, my men
were easily captured, and the would-be Rebels hurried off and
notified a regiment of cavalry of our position.
In the meantime we had fed and moved on, but halted in a
creek to water the horses. To my great surprise, a regiment
of cavalry appeared in the bend of the road and opened fire
on us, killing live of their prisoners, who were all on that side.
We scattered like a covey of frightened birds. As I turned
to run I heard one of the prisoners say, pointing to me: "That
Rebel killed our men." Of course it was false, but the colonel
thought it true and sent a squad of men after me. I knew
if I kept to the main road they would soon catch me. as my
horse was very tired from our long march ; but I also knew
he was a good jumper, and by jumping the fences I could
gain on them, as they would have to pull the fences down to
follow me. I also knew that if I was caught I would in all
probability swing from the limb of a tree on the roadside. So
I jumped the fences and kept ahead of them until night and
darkness came to my rescue, when they turned back, much to
my joy and relief. I then walked by the side of my horse
until I came to a farmhouse, in which I felt sure of finding
a kindly welcome. The old gentleman and his wife took me
in, fed me and my horse, and offered me a good bed ; but I
told them I had rather sleep on the floor to be near my horse,
where I could quickly mount and fly to the woods in case of
need. In two days I reached our camp, expecting to be court-
martialed for leaving without permission ; instead of that I
was promoted to a captaincy, with many expressions of re-
gret by General Jones for the failure of my expedition.
(Continued in August numbet |
THE I'ALLEY OF MEMORY.
BY SUSAN THORNTON PRICE.
(Prize poem of tlie Texas Division, V. D. C, 1015 )
O, the fairest place on earth to me
Is the green Valley of Memory :
For the treasured past is garnered here
In its pulsing, loving atmosphere.
Holy I count the moments I wait,
Dreaming sweet dreams by the sunset gate.
Seeing afar in the golden west
The portals bright of the land of rest.
But the dream that comes most oft to me
Is of that land that was fair to see,
My own, my native, my dear Southland.
Towering aloft majestic and grand :
Its leaders noble and knightly men
Whose like we shall never see again.
With them the age of chivalry died.
With them the South's hopes were crucified.
But in the Valley of Memory
These knightly men hold converse with me,
While women excelling poet's dream
Oft bask with me in the sunset gleam;
And the Old South seems to "live again
In her women fair and lordly men.
Do you wonder that I love to wait
And dream these dreams by the sunset gate?
In this valley a talisman bright
Glows with a holy, supernal light,
And I seek as over it I pore
The hidden haunts of our "Old South lore."
Ages to come will the richer be
For these golden truths of memory.
For sun ne'er shone on fairer land
Than Southland old, majestic, and grand.
Then wonder not that I love to wait
And dream sweet dreams by the sunset gate,
While fancy flies afar in the past
To gather the dreams too bright to last
And weave them again in chaplets fair,
That ages unborn our glory share
In visions sweet of our dear Southland,
Our Southland old. majestic, and grand.
316
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
• i.v.iw.wr.iSRiwisr.lwlSRiw.isr.iwiwiwiSRiwiwiwtv.tv.i*
"Sleep while the weary years are flying,
While men are born, while men are dying!
Sleep on thy curtained couch of sod !
Thine be the rest which Christ hath given,
Thine be the Christian's hope of heaven,
Thine be the perfect peace of God."
Capt. James Mercer Garnett.
Entered into rest eternal at his home, in Baltimore, Md.,
on February 18, 1916, in the seventy-sixth year of his age,
Capt. James Mercer Garnett, Jackson's chief of ordnance in
the old Stonewall Brigade, later ordnance officer of Grimes's
Division (formerly Rodes's), 2d Corps, Army of Northern
Virginia. Captain Garnett entered the army from the Uni-
versity of Virginia, where he was taking a postgraduate
course, belonging to one of the two companies formed there,
the Home Guards.
When Lincoln's procla-
mation, April 15, 1861,
called for seventy-five
thousand men "to crush
the rebellion," Captain
Garnett received or-
ders to march to Har-
per's Ferry April 17,
but arrived to find that
six hours before Lieut.
Roger Jones, United
States army, with a few
men, had burned the
armory buildings and
retreated tow-ard Car-
lisle. Pa. On July 13
he joined Capt. (later
Brig. Gen.) W. N.
Pendleton's battery, the
Rockbridge Artillery,
which his friends and
college mates had already joined. At midday of the day fol-
lowing they started on the march to Manassas to take part
in that great battle. He participated in this and in many of
the principal battles of the war, and his wonderful memory
and accuracy made him an authority on all war subjects.
He wrote a number of accounts of the various battles, among
them being "The Battle of Second Manassas," "The Battle
of Winchester, September 19, 1864," and "Early's Campaign
in the Shenandoah Valley," all published in the Southern
Historical Society papers, and many others. He left a war
journal of great value that he wished to have published the
past year.
Captain Garnett was born at Aldie, Loudoun County, Va.
(the home of his great-uncle, the Hon. Charles Fenton Mer-
cer), on April 24, 1840, the eldest son of Theodore Stanford
Garnett, of Virginia, a distinguished civil engineer, and of
CAPT. J. M. GARNETT.
Florentina Isadora Moreno, daughter of Francisco Moreno,
who settled in Pensacola when Florida was still a Spanish
colony. He came from a long line of famous men, states-
men and soldiers, in the Mercer and Garnett families, of
Virginia, whose noblest characteristics he seemed to inherit.
A man of unblemished honor, faithful and true in every rela-
tion of life, and of deep piety from his early boyhood, when
he was confirmed by Bishop Johns at the Episcopal High
School of Virginia, with his younger brother, Theodore, by
his side. He was a cousin of Gen. Robert Selden Garnett,
who was killed at Carrick's Ford, July 13, 1861, and of Gen.
Richard Brooke Garnett, who fell July 3, 1863, on the heights
of Gettysburg, while bravely leading his men in Pickett's
famous charge. He left a widow, Katherine H. Noland,
daughter of Maj. Burr Powell Xoland, Chief Commissary of
Virginia, C. S. A., a son of James Mercer Garnett, Jr., and a
sister, Miss Ella I. Garnett. His only brother, Judge Theo-
dore S. Garnett, of Norfolk, who was on Gen. J. E. B.
Stuart's staff and Commander of the Virginia Department,
U. C. V., died on April 27, 1915, lamented by all.
As a churchman, an author of great repute, and a distin-
guished scholar, Captain Garnett was widely known and hon-
ored. Taking the highest honors at the Episcopal High
School of Virginia as a boy, he entered the University of
Virginia and won the master's degree in two years (1857-59).
He taught in Brookland School in 1859-60. In 1860-61 he
took a postgraduate course at the University of Virginia.
After four years in the Confederate army, and being "rec-
ommended for promotion for gallant conduct," he returned to
the university in 1865 as Licentiate in Ancient Languages,
also teaching at Midway School. In 1866-67 he was Professor
of Greek and Mathematics at the Louisiana State University,
and in 1868 he was Assistant Principal of the Episcopal High
School of Virginia. In 1869-70, while studying at Leipsic and
Berlin Universities, he declined the principalship of the Epis-
copal High School offered him by the board and on his re-
turn home was elected to the presidency of St. John's College,
Annapolis, Md., which position he filled from 1870 to 1880, es-
tablishing and teaching the School of English in addition to his
duties as President. In 1880 he established Garnett's Universi-
ty School for boys at Ellicott City, Md. It was in a most suc-
cessful condition when he was appointed to the Chair of Eng-
lish Language and Literature at the University of Virginia, just
established in 1882, remaining there fifteen years. In 1896-97
he was Professor of English at Goucher College, Baltimore,
Md., in which city he spent the remainder of his life, teaching
privately and engaging in literary work. The purity of his
life, his courtesy and sincerity, and his deep Christian char-
acter made a lasting impression on his pupils and colleagues.
He wrote the "History of the University of Virginia" at the
request of that institution. His texbooks on Anglo-Saxon
and English are widely used in colleges, and he occupied posi-
ions as president and vice president in scientific and literary
societies.
But it is as a Confederate soldier that his friends love to
think of him. While at the University of Virginia he or-
ganized the John Barrie Strange Camp, U. C. V., at Char-
lottesville, and was its Commander until he left the State.
A matter in which he took deep pride and interest was the
organization of the Albemarle Chapter, U. D. C, the first
in Virginia, to "help the Camp in caring for all worthy
Confederates and their families who are in need" and "to
aid the Camps of Confederate veterans in their benevolent
and historical work." This Chapter was formed at his home
Qopfederat^ Ueterap.
317
at the university May 15, 1894. by his wife and a few other
Confederate ladies. The Chapter, now numbering over one
hundred, is unceasing in the work for which it was organ-
ized. Later Captain Garnett was an officer in the Franklin
Buchanan Camp, of Baltimore, until his death.
With deep love for the Southern Confederacy, unchanged
and unwavering in his devotion and his convictions, he an-
swered the last summons and in a moment, without a sigh,
had "crossed over the river" and was at rest. And it was as
a Confederate soldier that he lay in his gray uniform and
gray casket, as he desired, marked "C S. A.'' on the silver
plate after his name, with the cross of honor and the insignia
of the Confederacy on his breast, the battle flag beside him,
and was carried back to his beloved State and laid to rest
in a lot he had chosen near the Confederate soldiers' section
of the Middleburg Cemetery, beside the comrades who had
died of wounds in hospitals there after the first battle of
Manassas (to whom a monument was erected in 1866), who,
like himself, had fought the good tight and kept the faith
to the end.
Capt. George M. Jo
After months of failing health, the noble spirit of Capt.
George M. Jones left its earthly tenement on the afternoon of
May 11, 1916. He was born in Shelby County, Tenn., Octo-
ber 19, 1836, a son of Henry T. and Mary E. Jones. He was
a Confederate veteran: and during the war he participated in
the battles of Wilson Creek, Harrsville, Lexington, Pea Ridge,
and numerous minor engagements. He was always interested
in the organization of United Confederate Veterans, and for
some time was Commander of the State Division and head of
the Springfield Camp. He \\a^ the prime mover in having
the Confederate cemetery at Springfield transferred to the
United States government for its care and keeping
During the early history of Springfield and Green County,
Captain Jones was conspicuously identified with undertakings
in the business and commercial fields of Southwest Missouri,
some of which are left as monuments to his industry. The
first and only cotton mill ever built and operated in Spring-
field was constructed by Captain Jones. He was a di:
and stockholder in numerous firms and corporations in South-
wesl Missouri until his retirement, ten years ago.
Captain Jones was a gentleman of "the old school" and a
Christian. His was a serene and tranquil spirit, and his kind-
ness of heart and genuine regard for humanity surrounded
him with friends whose regard intensified with the years. He
was one of the most prominent figures in Methodism in
Southwest Missouri, and especially was he prominent in
Springfield, where for almost a half century he had been a
central figure in and a wise and loyal supporter of St. Paul's
Church. He was for many years chairman of the board and
often a member of the District and Annual Conferences. He
was also a delegate to the General Conference of the Church
several times.
Captain Jones was married in 1868 in Lee County, Ark., to
Mrs. Elizabeth Berry Campbell, widow of Col. L. C. Camp-
bell and the oldest daughter of Maj. Daniel Dorsey and
Olivia Polk Berry, a prominent family of Springfield. Since
her death he devoted himself to his children, finding his
chief joy in their development and success in life. He is
survived by a son and a daughter.
Duncan Roberts.
Duncan Roberts, a gallant soldier of the War between the
States, died suddenly February 13. 1916, at his home, in New-
ton County. Miss. He was born May 22, 1841, and enlisted in
May, 1861, in the Confederate service with Company 1. 20th
Mississippi Regiment. He took part in all the battles of his
company under General Floyd in West Virginia and Kentucky.
He was in the fight at Fort Donelson. He was captured and
remained a prisoner at Camp Douglas seven months. After
being exchanged, he served in West Mississippi under General
Tilghman. who was killed at Baker's Creek, and was after-
wards transferred to Georgia under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston,
serving through that campaign to the fall of Atlanta. He was
then under General Hood in Tennessee, participating in the
battles of Franklin and Nashville, and surrendered under
General Johnston in North Carolina. His wife, two daugh-
ters, and one son survive him. He was tenderly laid to rest
near his old home, in Randall Hill Cemetery, in Jasper County,
Miss., by many sorrowing friends and relatives
[A brother and comrade, M. F. Roberts.]
Talbot Hibbler.
On the morning of August 23, 1015, the gentle spirit of
Talbot Hibbler passed into the great beyond. He wa-
in Sumter County. Ala.,
July 26, 1846, and died
at his home, in West
Point, Miss. At the
age of sixteen years he
red the Confeder-
irrny from the Uni-
versity of Alabama,
joining Company G, 1st
Mississippi Cavalry.
Armstrong's Brig
I 1 rrest's Corps, and
-1 rved gallantly until
tin- war closed, taking
part in all the cam-
paigns in Georgia, Ten-
nessee, Alabama, and
Mississippi, and was m
the battles of Franklin,
Selma, and Atlanta.
He was a private de-
tailed as scout. He was always intensely interested in pre-
serving the ideals of the Old South, and that he might the
more effectually do this he was most active in the work of
the United Confederate Veterans. He ranked high in the
State organization, advancing from colonel to brigadier gen-
eral. U. C. V.
In every sphere of life Comrade Hibbler was faithful to
his duty and fulfilled every obligation honorably. He was
sympathetic and generous, steadfast to his friends and com-
rades, by whom he was loved and trusted. He always had a
cheery word for everybody and saw in every man, woman,
and child, white and black, a friend. He was my friend. He
lived next door. We miss him in the Camp, in the church
and Sunday school, and on the streets. He was an ideal
citizen and a devoted, loving husband and father. After
several months of suffering, death came to his relief. In his
Confederate uniform, with the stars of general of the 3d
Brigade, Mississippi Division of Confederate Veterans, we
laid him to rest under a mound of beautiful flowers and the
flag of his beloved South.
[His friend and comrade, J. G. Westbrook.]
TALBOT HIBBLER.
3*
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
W. A. HUDNALL.
William Alfred Hudnall.
William Alfred Hudnall was born in Northumberland Coun-
ty, Va., April 5, 1828, and died at the home of his nephew,
J. B. Hudnall, at Lil-
ian, in Northumberland
County, on November
18, 1915, having reached
the ripe age of eighty-
seven years. He had
spent his memorable
life of so many years
within his native coun-
ty, enjoying in full
measure country life on
his beautiful and pro-
ductive farm, Waverly.
Being a man of means
and influence in his
community, those in in-
timate relationship with
him were blessed and
his acquaintance es-
teemed by all. Early
in life he married Miss Novella Canway Blackwell, of the
same county; and though no children blessed this union, their
home was noted for the extensive hospitality dispensed there.
Quoting from a tribute to her memory: "No bridegroom was
ever truer to his bride. Their married life was like two
gentle rivulets starting at different points, then meeting in a
peaceful valley and flowing onward to the ocean." The mem-
ory of the social life enjoyed at Waverly will live for ages,
and the generations to come will learn of the true Southern
hospitality which abounded there.
Mr. Hudnall was a faithful Confederate soldier, entering the
service in April, 1861, and, serving until that eventful day of
April 9, 1865, at Appomattox, he received his discharge, a
private in the ranks of whom too much has never been and
can never be said. On June 5, 191 1, the Lee-Jackson Chap-
ter, U. D. C, presented him with a Confederate Cross of
Honor, and other courtesies were shown him by this Chapter
of which he seemed most grateful, and his letter of thanks
and appreciation is kept among the prized records of the
Chapter historian. Although an attendant upon Church serv-
ices and a contributor thereto, it was not until late in life that
he united with any denomination ; but in May, 1913, he was
confirmed by Bishop Gibson, thereby entering into full com-
munion of St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Church at Fleeton,
Va. His death was caused by a most unfortunate fall, frac-
turing the hip, causing intense suffering, from which he longed
to be released to enter into that life of endless peace and
happiness. All that loving, thoughtful kindred and friends
could do to relieve his suffering and prolong his life was
done; but God saw best to call the genial host, faithful friend,
and aged soldier home.
"It singeth low in every heart,
We hear it each and all,
A song of those who answer not;
Forever we may call.
They throng the silence of the breast;
We see them as of yore —
The kind, the brave, the true, the sweet,
Who walk with us no more."
Mrs. Marie B. Sayre.
The death of Mrs. Marie Burrows Sayre, of Seattle, Wash.,
on April 13, 1916, is deeply mourned by the members of Robert
E. Lee Chapter, No. 885, U. D. C, of which she was a charter
member. From the time of its organization Mrs. Sayre was
prominent in the councils of the Chapter, having held in turn
the offices of Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, and First
Vice President and finally, as a demonstration of the regard
in which she was held, being elected in 1912 Honorary Vice
President for life. She also served the Chapter on many im-
portant committees. In 1908 she was appointed by Mrs. Cor-
nelia Branch Stone as State Director for the Arlington Monu-
ment Fund, and for this cause she labored untiringly 'and
devotedly.
Marie Burrows was born of an old Southern family in
Alexandria, Va., seventy-four years ago, April 27. Her uncle,
Dr. John Burrows, of Virginia, was one of the most widely
known Baptist ministers in the South. Her days of young
womanhood were full of stirring romance. During much of
the war she was upon the battle fields of the great conflict
with the Army of Northern Virginia as a nurse in the field
hospitals or, with all the Southern women of the time, making
bandages or scraping lint for the wounded soldiers. An ex-
citing incident was the capture of herself and her mother by
Confederate cavalry under Gen. J. E. B. Stuart while at-
tempting to run the blockade out of Richmond to get to their
home in Alexandria, no one being allowed to pass the lines
at that period of the war.
In 1872, in Washington City, Miss Burrows was married to
Capt. James M. Sayre, of the Union army, who died in 1877.
Of their three children, a daughter and a son survive her.
Ludwell R. Davis.
Ludwell Rector Davis died at his home, near San Augus-
tine, Tex., on October 28, 1915. He was born August 10,
1838, the son of Elias Kinchloe Davis, a native of Kentucky,
who was an early settler of Eastern Texas and helped to
capture the old stone fort at Nacogdoches from the Mexicans.
In 1836, when a boy of about eight years of age, Ludwell
Davis participated in the famous escape from the Mexicans,
rendering valuable assistance in caring for the women and
children when they crossed the Texas border into Louisiana.
He lived and died on the farm on which he was born. In
1852 he went to California and spent seven years as a gold
miner. Returning to his home a short time before the War
between die States broke out, he was one of the first to enlist
in April, 1861, for the Confederate service. His command
was in Granbury's Brigade, Cleburne's Division, Hardee's
Corps, serving under Generals Johnston and Hood, and he
took part in many campaigns through Mississippi, Tennes-
see, and Georgia. In the battle of Franklin, Tenn., he re-
ceived seven wounds and carried a Minie ball for a long time
as a memento of that battle. He was taken off the field as a
prisoner and sent to Camp Chase, later sent to Point Look-
out, Md., where he was discharged some time after the war.
Beginning life anew, he returned to the old place west of
San Augustine and was a farmer and planter for the rest of
his life. In 1867 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary
C. Polk, daughter of the late Judge Alfred Polk, who set-
tled in San Augustine County in 1836 and was a descendant
from the same original stock of President James K. Polk.
Of their nine children, eight survive him, five sons and three
daughters. Very early in life he became a Christian and
lived that life consistently.
Qopfederat^ l/cterai).
319
Anderson H. Givhan.
Anderson H. Givhan was born in Haynesville, Lowndes
County, Ala., on the 15th of April, 1844. In his seventeenth
year he volunteered in the Confederate army, joining the 3d
Alabama Cavalry, and he served in that regiment to the close
of the war. After his return home he was happily mar-
ried on the 13th of September, 1865, to Miss Virginia Caro-
lina Pope, of Perry County. Eight children were born to
them, three sons and five daughters, all of whom survive.
Only one death had occurred in the family, that of the wife
and mother several years ago.
While at college in Summerfield, Ala., he joined the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, South, and continued in its fellow-
ship and communion to the time of his death, which occurred
at his home, in Gastonburg, Ala., on the 12th of March, 1916,
within one month of his seventy-second anniversary. The
interment was in the Pope Cemetery, near Uniontown. in
Perry County. The beautiful and impressive burial service
of the Church was conducted by Rev. C. H. Motley, his pas-
tor, assisted by the writer, and was followed by the beautiful
burial rites of the Confederate Veterans. Love and esteem
for the memory of the dead were made manifest by the beau-
tiful floral tributes. As in sadness all reluctantly turned
away, the grave was left a bank of rich flowers.
Next to his family and his Church, Brother Givhan's love
and fidelity were for his comrades, the Confederate veterans.
He was a member of the Camp, U. C. V., at Uniontown and
on the staff of Gen. O. B. Semmes. Commanding the Second
Brigade. Alabama Division, U. C. V., and will be sadly missed
at the reunions.
His life and his conduct and deportment were such as to
entitle him to the confidence and esteem of all who knew him
and to warrant his family, his friends, and his pastor at his
funeral to say: "Mark the perfect man. and behold the up-
right : for the end of that man is peace."
[Tribute by George Fontaine.]
Morris Lasker.
Comrade Morris Lasker, former Commander of Magrudcr
Camp, U. C. V., who served in Company F, 2d Regiment of
Levis Cavalry, C. S. A., departed this life on the 28th of
February, 1016. at his home, in Galveston, Tex. Though
born in the German Empire and strongly attached to the peo-
ple and traditions of his fatherland, he realized that his al-
legiance belonged to the country of his adoption, and at the
first call to arms he enlisted in the 2d Texas Mounted In-
fantry and later was in the 2d Texas Cavalry when Texas
joined her sisters of the South. At the close of the War
between the States he accepted the arbitrament of the sword
and became a loyal citizen of Texas of the great galaxy of
the United States of America."
And now at a ripe old age. with his name written in the
book as "one who loved his fellow men," this comrade has an-
SWi I'd his last roll call. His comrades commissioned to give
expression to the sentiment and feeling of the Camp passed
memorial resolutions, from which the following is taken :
"Rcsohed, That the members of Magruder Camp, No. 105,
U. C. V., bow in sorrow and submission to the dispensation
of Divine Providence in the recall of the immortal spirit of
our lamented comrade, Morris Lasker, for whom our highest
esteem and confidence were expressed in his selection to serve
as Commander of our Camp."
[Committee: William M. Stafford; E. E. Rice. William L.
Cameron, and Robert M. Franklin.]
Luke J. Dvsek.
Luke J. Dyser, a prominent Confederate veteran of Balti-
more, Md.. died at his home on the seventy-ninth anniversary
of his birth. April 23, 1916, after an illness of a week.
He received his early education at St. Peter's School, in
Baltimore. When the war began, he enlisted in the 1st Mary-
land Regiment, serving in Company G. Later he joined Com-
pany F, i*t Virginia Regiment, known as Mahone's Brigade.
He took part in many battles, including the first and second
battles of Manassas, Sharpsburg, South Mountain, Spotsyl-
vania Courthouse, the Wilderness, and Gettysburg. He was
with Lee when he surrendered.
After the war Mr. Dyser returned to Baltimore and
married Miss Mary C. Hurley. He was appointed a captain
of police of Baltimore County and served about ten years,
when appointed to the city force. He retired in 1905. He
was a member of St. Benedict's Catholic Church and was also
a membi r of \mold Fbcv Command of Confederate Veterans.
He is survived bj Ins wife, five sons, and four daughters. Mr.
Dyser was an ardent student of Shakespeare; and it was a
coincidence that his death occurred on the tercentenary of the
author, who also was born and died on April 23.
Edward Curh.
Edward Curd, born in Wilson County, Tenn., December
30, 1 S45. was a son of the late Price Curd, who came from
Virginia in the early
part of the last cen-
tury and made his
h o m e in Wilson
County. Edward
Curd was educal
his native county, and
at the beginning of
the War between the
States he enlisted in
Freeman's Battery of
Light Artillery. C S.
A., at the age oi -y\-
cars and served
four years. \t no
time or place, either
in war or peace, did
Comrade Cufd ever
betray a trust. He
took part in many
important battles
among the bravest
and was always mag-
nanimous to a fallen foe. He had been in feeble health for
some time before his death, which occurred on April 21, 1916.
He had been a citizen of Williamson County, Tenn., since
1881 and was an honored member of McEwen Bivouac, No.
4, of Confederate Veterans, at Franklin. His wife and two
sons survive him. In his home life Edward Curd was happy
in its love and devotion. In civic and Church relations he
was faithful in the discharge of all duties.
In the resolutions passed by McEwen Bivouac in his honor
it is slated "that it is a just tribute to his memory to say
we mourn for one who was in every way worthy our highest
regard. Every act of his life bespoke the true Christian
gentleman of whom it has been most truly said by one who
knew him best, that he had 'never met a truer, manlier man.'"
[Committee on Resolutions: John A. Miller, Chairman; N.
B. Dozier, C. L. Cowan ]
D Cl'KI).
320
(^opfederat^ l/eterap.
Rev. Edward Ruthven Richardson.
On December 2, 1915. Rev. Edward R. Richardson passed
away at his home, in Avon Park, Fla. On the night of his
return from Missouri, where he spent the summer with his
daughter, he suffered a paralytic stroke, and death came in
a few weeks.
Mr. Richardson was born April 30, 1833, near Horrey Falls,
N. Y. Preparing himself as an attorney at law, he practiced
in the highest courts of the nation and at various times in the
States of Nebraska, Texas, Colorado, Missouri, and Florida.
As a young man of firm convictions, he enlisted for the
Confederacy in the War between the States and attained a
colonelcy. He was sworn into the Missouri State Guard on
April 13, 1861, by Gen. M. Jeff Thompson as third lieu-
tenant of Company A. The company was reorganized after
the battle of Carthage and became Company K, 1st Regiment
of Infantry, 3d Division, Col. John T. Hughes. Mr. Richard-
son was then appointed commissary, with the rank of cap-
tain. When the State troops were turned over to the Con-
federacy, in December, 1861, he was attached to Company E,
3d Regiment, 1st Missouri Brigade, under General Little.
He went to the army east of the Mississippi River at Corinth,
Miss., and was then on the general staff as commissary df
the Army of the West. He was later transferred to the
Trans-Mississippi Department and placed on scout duty. He
was wounded by a fragment of shell from a gunboat at
Marion, Ark., in 1864, captured, and taken to Memphis and
placed in the Irving Block. Exchange was refused, but he
was paroled and had no further chance for active service.
After the war he resumed the practice of law, in which he
was more than successful ; but as the years passed by a
severe throat trouble compelled him to seek refuge in Florida.
He gave up the practice of law and was ordained a priest in
the Episcopal Church, serving the Churches at Crete, Nebr.,
St. Joe, Mo., Bonham, Tex., and De Land, Fla. He went to
Avon Park in 1896 and was rector of the Church of the
Redeemer there until January, 1914, when advancing age
caused him to resign. He was a thirty-second degree Mason
and had done yeoman service for Masonry.
Mr. Richardson was married in November, i860; and of
this union there were three children, two daughters and a
son, who survive him.
Joshua L. Collins.
Joshua L. Collins died at his home, in Geneva County, Ala.,
March 22, 1916. He was born in Chambers County, Ala., in
1838. His parents moved to Tallapoosa County, and in 1856
he settled in Dale County, now Geneva. At the outbreak of
the war he enlisted in the Confederate army as a private in
Company G, 33d Alabama Regiment, and was in active serv-
ice until the end. Brave and loyal to the Southern cause, he
went through many battles and endured the hardships of the
four long years and was never wounded. In the battle of
Chickamauga he had thirty-six bullet holes shot through his
clothing, with no injury to himself. He was in a train wreck
near Knoxville, Tenn., where many were killed and wounded,
and he came out unhurt.
"Uncle Josh" had great faith in Divine Providence and
died trusting in the great Father of light. When the din of
battle and scenes of war were over, he returned to his native
home and did what he could to recuperate from the losses of
the war. He was twice married and is survived by his sec-
ond wife, two sons, and one daughter. In 1878 he was or-
dained in the Primitive Baptist Church at Old Mount Gil-
Hard and had been annually called to fill that stand and had
acted as moderator for thirty-eight years in that Church. In
1915, when he was called to accept it for the thirty-ninth
time, some of the brethren proposed to give him a call for
life; and he made the remark that "this call may be for life,"
and so it was.
"Uncle Josh" will be greatly missed. He was a great lover
of peace, a good husband, and a kind and loving father. He
was a man of kind and sympathetic heart, always ready to
help those who needed a friend. In his years of service -to
God and his fellow man he reared seven orphaned children
and did for them all that was in his power to do. He was a
friend to all and always stood for that which was uplifting
to his community, morally and spiritually. On the 22d of
March, 1916, surrounded by his family and many lifelong
friends, he peacefully breathed his last. By his request his
great-grandson, Rev. Alex Collins, held the funeral services.
He was laid away in the old churchyard at Mount Gilliard,
no more to awake from the rest that is promised to him who
has fought the good fight.
[Tribute by W. M. Burch.]
James A. Turner.
On March 31, 1916, James A. Turner passed away at his
home, in St. Louis, Mo., at the age of seventy-eight years. He
fell on February 25, fracturing his right hip ; and, owing
to his advanced years, he did not respond to treatment. He
was born February 11, 1838, in Fayette, Howard County,
Mo., where his parents had gone from Kentucky nearly a
century ago. The
family removed to
Carroll County, Mo.,
in 1842. In May.
1861, James Turner
enlisted as a Con-
federate soldier and
served as second lieu-
tenant of Company
C, 1st Regiment,
4th Division, Mis-
souri State Guard,
under Gen. Sterling
Price, in the battles
of Wilson Creek,
Carthage, Lexington,
and other important
engagements. He was
a member of Camp
684, U. C. V., of
Carrollton, Mo., and
attended the reunions
regularly until the
last few years of his life. He read a great deal, always look-
ing forward each month for the Confederate Veteran, in
which he took great delight.
Mr. Turner was formerly widely known in Democratic
political circles in Missouri, having held the position of en-
rolling clerk in the legislature at Jefferson City for five suc-
cessive sessions, and he was Secretary of the State Board of
Equalization for several years. He was known as a loyal
party worker and a man of great efficiency in his terms of
public service.
He was truly a Christian gentleman and a member of the
Baptist Church. On June 30, 1863, he was united in marriage
to Miss Susan Frances Dobbins, who, with eight children,
survives him.
JAMES A. TURNER.
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
321
H. G. HARRIS
Henry G. Harris
Henry G. Harris was born in Scottsville, Ya.. July 2. 1S47,
and died there February 23, 1916. As a lad of sixteen be
entered Mosby's com-
mand; and though his
actual service was
short, he was in prison
for nine weary months.
A few years ago a
beautiful tribute to the
purity of his prison life
came to the ear of the
writer from one who
shared with him ail the
horrors and privations
of the li ng imprison-
ment at Fort Warren,
in Boston Harbor.
Returning to Si
ville at thi - 1 the
war. he engaged in
mercantile business
with his brother, C. B.
1 youthful
dor which he
Into the army matured into a loyal devotion to the cause for
winch he had fought and seemed to enter into the vei
hi his personality, characterized bj an intense fidi
if the past, an uncomproi iviction of right,
and a standard of values reaching back to a type of mail and
\ i.ii: too t'.i-t disappearing.
As long a- strength permitted he attended th<
pi • erans. He was Vdjutant of Henrj Gantt '.nun. U. C.
I rid, in the words of his sorrowing comrades, "his place
.'I't be filled." His interest in the welfare of it- members
was unflagging, as was sij rinced on the la-: Sunday
. f bis life, when he dictated a note to the President oi the
V 1 > C. Chapter of S
He was interested in all the undertakings of 1
w .:- - \ 1 ■- read} \\ ith ad\ i ce.
Mr. Harris became a Mason in early manhood and was
:.l 111 theory and practici the tout- of the ..
craft. M'out thirty-seven years ago he connected himself
with iln Methodist Church and was swerving in his alle-
I and devotion to the Church of i ["he ses-
. led to Mr. Harris far more
gly than the materi; ' music, hooks, and
-. In reading, hi- tas e was refined and cultured.
"Hi- was d the elements
So I 'in him that Xature might stand up
And -„\ to all thi . - .1 man !' "
[Tnh ii b) V ! Hiil. President I". D. 1
Va.]
William Easlev Loggins.
William Easlev Loggins, who died January 14. 1916, in
ni'. . 1 J . was .1 veteran oi I he 1 onfed-
eracy and a member of Sterling Price Camp. I". C. \ '.. oi
' rville. Tenir, September 5. >i845, he enlisted
at the age of sixti - and served for over three years in
Company D, nth Battalion, Tennessee Cavalry. General For-
rest commanding. This battalion saw hard service and en-
gaged in many encounters with Sherman's army in the march
through Georgia, surrendering at Charlotte. N. C. May 3,
1865, under General Johnston. While still but a boy in years,
the hard life of the army had not deterred his development;
and he was at this time a man of remarkable physique, stand-
ing six feet four inches in height and weighing two hundred
and eight pound-.
Returning to his old home. Mr. Loggins met and assisted
in combating the terrors of the Reconstruction period, being
amoi g the first to join that brave and historic band known as
the Ku-Klux Klan. After a few years he went to Obion
County, ssee, where, in 1S75. he married Miss Nannie
Curie, of Lynchburg. Va.
In 1884 Mr. Loggins removed his family to Fresno County,
Cal., where he resided for thirty-one years, establishing a
reputation for absolute honestj and integrity.
He was a brave soldier, a self-sacrificing comrade, a merci-
ful adversary to those in his power, a kind and loving hus-
band, an almost worshiped father, and an honest, upright,
nan. What better record can he left ?
Mat. C. Shu.
Mai. C. Shirley was born on the 31st ; ' Ictober, 1835, and
on the 10th of April, 1015. in his eightieth year, at his
home, in the western suburbs of the town of New Market.
Va. He had for years been commander of the Neff-Rice
Camp of Conf 1 Veterans, and as such he held the rever
dice and the respei member of the Camp.
Not onlj was Major Shirley popular at home, but h
occupied various pub-
lic positions, having
been justice oi the
d supervisor
for the conn: 1
S h c 11 a n d 0 a h. As
such he held the es-
teem and rt 5pi I I li
I
community, of the
whole county, and of
many in adjoining
counties as « 1 11. He
was a man of com-
manding personal ap-
pearance, stern when
occasion required, but
possessed of kind and
generous traits of
character. All his
life he had be< n
ed with good health, never having had any serious ill-
iimil the last.
In 186] VI; • 1 SI irli was a member of the State Militia
with the ran!; of lieutenant. On the breaking out of hostili-
ties he volunteered in Company K, 12th Virginia Cavalry.
Georg r. Gr; dstaff, captain, Rosser's Brigade. C. S. A. lie
aptured and confined for about two years at Camp Chasi
and Point Lookout.
■\ good man has been tak n from us. His memory will
long be re.cred.
MAJ. I . SHIRLEY.
3^
Qoi^federat^ l/eterai).
Seth Phineas Mills.
Death came suddenly to Seth P. Mills, former State Senator,
Confederate veteran, planter, and pioneer citizen of \\ aco,
Tex., on February n. 1916. He was born August 19. 1841,
in Dade County, Mo., and received his education in New-
tonia College, near Springfield. He enlisted in the Confed-
erate army September 12, 1862, at Xewtonia as orderly ser-
geant of Company F, Smith's Regiment of Missouri Cav-
alry, which was attached to Shelby's Brigade. Marmaduke's
Division, and took part in the battles of Cane Hill. Spring-
field. Hartsville, and
Cape Girardeau, Mo..
Helena, Ark., and
was in all the en-
gagements of Price's
raid in Missouri in
1864. For gallantry
in battle and ex-
emplary conduct as
a soldier he was pro-
moted to lieutenant,
in which position
he excited the emula-
tion of the men of his
command and the
commendation of the
commanding general.
His command was
disbanded at Corsi-
cana, Tex., in 1865;
and young Mills was
left in a strange
land penniless. His
energy and deter-
mination helped him
to make a success of his farming life, and he also became a
prominent figure in public life, filling positions in State,
county, and city affairs. He was a representative in four
sessions of the Texas Legislature and in the Senate in 1902.
He took special interest in all matters concerning agriculture,
believing that material prosperity depended upon this. In local
political affairs he was a member of the city council of Waco
and chairman of the present charter committee. He was
serving his sixth term as Commander of Pat Cleburne Camp,
No. 222, U. C. V., and had commanded the Third Brigade,
Texas Division, U. C. V., in 191 1 and 1912. He was also
President of the McLennan County Confederate Association
for several years.
In October, 1871, Mr. Mills was married to Miss Fannie
Standifer, who died in 1909. His second wife was Mrs.
Jennie Southgate, who survives him, with the three sons and
four daughters of his first marriage.
Three noble characteristics were dominant in Mr. Mills —
industry, integrity, and kindness. He occupied a warm place
in the hearts of the people of McLennan County, who knew
his worth.
Judge Charles T. Duncan.
Judge Charles T. Duncan, of Jonesville, Lee County, Va..
died at Gate City, Va., on the 29th of September, 19 15. He
was descended from a sturdy pioneer family, among the first
settlers of Southwest Virginia, from whom he inherited the
sterling traits of character which distinguished him through
life. His great-grandmother was shielded from the Indians
at Fort Blackmore, in Scott County, when Daniel Boone and
S. P. MILLS.
his party retreated there after being attacked by the Indians
on their first attempt to settle Kentucky. His grandfather was
one of the first settlers of Moccasin Gap. Charles T. Duncan
was born on the 9th of July. 1838. and was educated in the
common schools of that day.
When Virginia called upon her sons to repel invasion,
Charles Duncan responded to the first call and became a pri-
vate in the 37th Virginia Regiment, commanded by Col.
Samuel V. Fulkerson, and served until the close of the war.
He was soon promoted to a lieutenancy and served on Colonel
Fulkerson's staff and was with him when he fell mortally
wounded. Duncan was noted for his gallantry. He was
captured and imprisoned for several months before the war
closed. While in prison he studied law, was admitted to the
bar sometime after the surrender, and in a short time was
elected attorney for Lee County, serving eight years. He
practiced law for forty years with uninterrupted success. He
was a member of the convention which gave Virginia the
Underwood Constitution, under which the State was read-
mitted to the Union, and with the gallant minority of con-
servatives he did all he could to ameliorate the provisions of
that odious instrument. He was loved and esteemed by all
who knew him. His first wife was Miss Mary Martin, daugh-
ter of Col. W. S. Martin, of Lee County; his second mar-
riage was to Miss Ella Holliday, and of this marriage there
were two sons, Charles T. and Paul Duncan.
On his last day on earth Judge Duncan delivered a cen-
tennial oration to the people of his native county in com-
memoration of the hundredth anniversary of its organization
and participated in the unveiling of a monument commemorat-
ing the event near the spot where his grandfather lived when
the county was organized.
John S. Becklev.
John Simpson Becklev. though born and reared in a North-
ern State, enlisted in the Confederate army in Missouri and
followed the varying fortunes
of the Southern cause to the ^\
surrender. Early in the strife
he was painfully wounded in a
cavalry charge : and before the
close of hostilities he had re-
ceived three severe wounds,
the effects of which were with ^
him during the rest of his life. f
He served as a member of ;
John Summons's company, in
Price's army, and was first
wounded in the Lone Jack
engagement. Recovering from
that, he took part in the battle
of Elkhorn, receiving another
wound. Then in the battle of
Helena he was again wounded.
He was a brave and gallant
soldier and did not know- the meaning of fear.
In 1868 Mr. Becklev removed from Missouri to Paris,
Tex., and there made his home among the people for whom
he had fought and bled, devoting his tireless energies to the
reclamation and rebuilding of the fair land of his adoption.
He was an admirer of fine stock and took a pride in intro-
ducing and breeding again those splendid horses for which
the South has been noted. He was a man without guile,
candid of speech, and with a high standard of right. He
died in Paris on July 16, 1915. at the age of seventy-nine years.
T. S. BECKLEV.
Qopfederat^ l/eterarp.
n ~i ->
o-o
Archibald Livingston.
Archibald Livingston was born in Marlboro Count)-, S. C,
in 1836; but he had lived all his life in Madison, Fla., where
on April 22. 1916, he
entered into eternal
rest. At sunset on
Easter Sunday, when
the "golden gates of
the resplendent west"
seemed hanging in a
sea of glory, we laid
him to rest under the
blue skies of his be-
loved Southland, and
comrades and friends
covered his bier with
lovely flowers and
draped his grave with
the Stars and Bars, the
flag he had followed
through four years of
bloody strife. Mr. Liv-
ingston entered the
service of his country
ARCHIBALD LIVINGSTON.
as orderly sergeant of Company G. 3d Florida Regiment
There are now only seven survivors of the one hundred and
fifty men who belonged to Captain Langford's company. In
writing to his mother from the battle field of Murfreesboro.
Mr. Livingston said: "Don't worry about me. I air. here to
do my duty, and I shall do it." He followed Bragg. John-
stun, and Hood throughout the entire western campaign until
he was captured at the battle before Nashville and was then
in prison at Camp Chase, Ohio, for five months. He was
one among the brave men who helped to place Chickamauga,
Resaca, Missionary Ridge. Jonesboro, Franklin, and other
battles high in the temple of fame. The 3d Florida Regiment
had the honor of having twenty battles inscribed on its flag
for gallantry. Senator Blackburn, of Kentucky, wrote to Mr.
Livingston that the grandest charge he had witnessed during
the war was made by the Florida troops under General Bate
at the battle of Franklin. Mr. Livingston was extremely
modest and seldom mentioned his achievements as a soldier,
but history will record his courageous deed in saving the flag
through shot and shell at the battle of Missionary Ridge. He
carried to his grave the scars of his wounds. The Camp of
Sons of Veterans at Madison is named in his honor. He
WIS Adjutant of Colquitt Camp. U. C. V.
In 1881 Mr. Livingston was married to Miss Fannie Webb,
who, with a devoted son, survives him. His many travels had
increased his love and charity for his fellow man. and his long
life was useful and active and one of service and brotherly
kindness. His uniform kindness was a passport to many
hearts and an outlet for noble deeds. He was a splendid type
of American citizenship, and his life work will live in the
hearts of his friends, for
"To live in hearts we leave behind
Is not to die."
Mrs. Virginia Gardner Trussell.
Mrs. Virginia Gardner Trussell. widow of the late James
T. Trussell, who was a member of Company B. 12th Virginia
Cavalry, Baylor's Light Horse Cavalry, died at her home.
near Kearneysville. YV. Va., March 18. 1016. after a brief ill-
ness. She was the daughter of the late Gervis Shirley Gard-
ner, and was born in Charlestown, W. Va.. September II, 1838,
and. with the exception of a few years in Michigan, spent her
iife in Jefferson County.
Mrs. Trussell was a woman of great kindness of heart, and
all who came in contact with her felt the influence of her
strong Christian character; and although advancing in years.
she maintained the keenest interest in life. She was a mem-
ber of St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church at Leetown and
for many years had been the oldest in point of membership.
She was also a charter member of Leetown Chapter. I*. D.
C, and was always ready to support any movement for the
good of the cause she held dear in the days of privation and
suffering, 1861-65, "made holier by the test of years."
Mrs. Trussell is survived by her three children (Mrs. Jones
Hoyle. of Dickerson, Mil. : Mrs. Lynn Grantham, of Jeffer-
son Count>'. YV. Va. ; Mr. James E. Trussell. at home) and
five grandchildren, also two sisters ( Mrs. Rebecca Hunter, of
Denver. Colo., and Mrs. Lucie Martin, of Detroit, Mich.)
and a brother (Gervis S. Gardner, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who
was a member of the 2d Virginia Infantry i.
She was laid to rest in the family lot in Edgehill Cemetery.
Charlestown. in the shadow of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the
home of her childhood.
Capt. Francis Holmes.
Cnpt. Francis Holmes, born in De Soto County, Miss.. June
6, [839, was a son of Col. Finley Holmes, one of the pioneer
-rulers of the county.
He was a graduate of
the Mississippi State
University and entered
the Confederate army
in 1862 as a member of
Company I, 20th Mis-
sissippi Regiment, Wal-
thall's Brigade, and was
promoted to a captaincy
for gallantry. At the
battle of Lookout
Mountain he w a s
wounded and captured
and then confined at
Fort Delaware until the
close of the war.
Captain Holmes was
married to Miss Eliza-
CAPT. FRANCIS HOLMES. , ., „, , . ,,
beth Clark, of Hernan-
do, Miss., in 1866, and to them were horn seven children, six
of whom survive with the mother. While in prison during
the war Captain Holmes became a Christian; and after his
marriage he joined the Methodist Church, of which he was an
active and consistent member until his death, having been a
steward and trustee for more than forty years. His death
occurred at his home, near Plum Point, Miss., where he had
lived all his life except the four years in the army; and he
was laid to rest in the Bethlehem Cemetery, at Capleville,
Tenn.
Captain Holmes had been prominently connected with a
number of business enterprises in Memphis, Tenn., and was
a familiar figure in the social and commercial life of that city
for main- years. He retired from active business several
years ago He was always keenly' interested in public ques-
tions and had a wide circle of friends.
3^4
Qopfederat^ Veteran.
80N3 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized is July, 1896, R RMDlfD, Va.
OFF. CERS.
1 erin C: ief, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Adjuta: t in Chitf, N. r>. F. rr. -t, Bill rf, Miss.
REPORT OF BIRMI.XGHA.M REUNION, S. C. V.
The Twenty-First Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confed-
erate Veterans was called to order by Comrade Thomas
Dozier, Commander of the Henry D. Clayton Camp, of Bir-
mingham, on Monday, May 15, ai S : 30 p.m. Addresses of
welcome were delivered by Comrades Weatherly, Kilby, and
Dozier, with a response by Robert P. Linfield, of Biloxi, Miss.
The annual address was made by Hon. M. E. Dunaway, of
Little Rock, Judge Advocate in Chief. The official ladies
were presented by Merritt J. Glas*. of Tulsa, Okla., and the
response was made by John W. Bale, of Rome, Ga. Short
addresses were made by Commander in Chief W. N. Bran-
don, of Little Rock, Department Commander Cleghorn, and
Division Commander Bloch, of Mobile.
The business session of the convention was called to order
by the Commander in Chief at 9:30 A.M. May 16, and the
roll call showed many of the officers and delegates from the
various Camps present. The following Past Commanders in
Chief were also in attendance: Dr. Thomas M. Owen, Mont-
gomery, Ala.; Judge R. E. Haughton, St. Louis. Mo.; Clar-
ence J. Owens, Washington, D. C. ; J. P. Norfleet, Memphis,
Tenn. ; and Seymour Stewart. St. Louis, Mo.
The report of Comrade Owens, Chairman of the Latham
Prize Contest for the best essay on "The Causes That Led to
the War between the States," showed that the first prize was
awarded to Lloyd T. Everett, a member of Washington
Camp, while the second prize was given to A. H. Jennings,
of Lynchburg, Va. The following comrades were also given
honorable mention: John W. Bale, Rome, Ga., and J. C. Wise,
Haymarket, Va.
Comrade Haughton,
of the Monument
Committee, and Dr.
Owen, Historian in
Chief, made complete
reports, outlining the
work undertaken dur-
ing the year and the
plans for the coming
year.
A resolution was
introduced by Com-
rade Hart condemn-
ing the practice of
Camps having "as-
sociate member s,"
men who were not
eligible to member-
ship in the general
organization ; and the
Confederation went
on record as oppos-
ing such member-
ship, as the Constitu- ernest g. Baldwin,
tion requires that all Commander in Chief S. C. V.
ibers shall be lineal descendants of Confederate soldiers
r sailors.
A resolution was also introduced providing that all Camps
shall follow the strict requirements of the Constitution and
pay the per capita tax upon every member in good standing
in such Camp.
A resolution was introduced by Adjutant Forrest providing
for the appointment of a Textbook Committee, that shall pro-
pare a pamphlet reviewing the histories now being taught in
both the public and private schools. This committee shall
criticize fairly and impartially all such books and shall publish
their report in pamphlet form, copies of this report to be
sent to all members of the Confederation, Veterans' Camps,
and U. D. C. Chapters and their aid enlisted to have all
objectionable and unfair textbooks removed from the schools.
This committee will work in conjunction with the Textbook
Committee of the U. D. C.
A resolution was introduced by Past Commander Owens,
and unanimously passed by the convention, stating that the
Sons of Confederate Veterans were in sympathy with the
President of the United States on the questions of national
importance now before the nation and pledging the members
of the organization to aid with their influence, money, and
lives.
The election of officers resulted as follows : Commander in
Chief, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va. ; Commander North-
ern Virginia Department, Dr. J. Garnett King, Fredericks-
burg. Va. ; Commander of Tennessee Department, Thomas
B. Hooker, Memphis, Tenn. ; Commander Trans-Mississippi
Department, Merritt J. Glass, Tulsa. Okla.; Historian in Chief,
Dr. Thomas M. Owen, Montgomery, Ala. Executive Council :
E. G. Baldwin, ex officio Chairman, Roanoke, Va. ; W. \T.
Brandon, Little Rock, Ark.; Seymour Stewart, St. Louis,
Mo.; Adolph D. Bloch, Mobile. Ala.; Garland P. Peed, Nor-
folk. Va. ; A. J. Wilson, Little Rock, Ark.
At the meeting of the Executive Council held on May 18
N. B. Forrest was unanimously reelected Adjutant in Chief
and Chief of Staff. Comrade Forrest is now serving his tenth
year as Adjutant in Chief.
Resolution Adopted at Birmingham Reunion, May, 1916.
Whereas the international relations of the United States in
this hour of world tragedy call for the highest and purest
patriotism and the loftiest statesmanship ; and
Whereas the test is put to the United States in the inti :x-
pretation of the obligation of preparing for the common de-
fense, the protection of the dignity and honor of the nation,
as also in proving the United States the friend of mankind;
and
Whereas in the personality of Woodrow Wilson, President
of the United States, himself a son of the South, the nation has
a leader consecrated sublimely to the ideals of America and
best interests of humanity ; therefore
Be it resolved by the Sons of Confederate Veterans in an-
nual convention assembled, the organization founded upon
principles and convictions the purest of the human heart, that
assurances ,be conveyed to the chief executive of the nation
of the sympathetic interest of the Sons of Confederate Vet-
erans in the tasks devolving upon his high office, of the belief
in the principle of preparedness that we may be ready to
protect with power the land that we love, and of the offer,
should the country call, of the Sons of Confederate Veterans
to respond with life, fortune, and sacred honor.
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai).
MISS IRENE DtCKSON, MAID OK HONOR S. C. V.
Miss Dickson Is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Dickson, of
NVw Orleans, and represented the Louisiana Division, ..- C v..
.is Maid of Honor at the Birmingham Reunion, she I
I'.-uiKlitiM- of Camp Mraiuv^anl s. c v.. of nv« Orleans.
General Headquarters, Sox.- of Confederate Veterans,
Memphis. Tenn.
Generai Orders X" p Biloxi, Miss., V.pril 20, 1916.
1. In the Reunion Convention held in the citj of Richi
Va., June j. [915, the following resolution providing for a
committee for marking the battle fields was adopted:
"Resolved: It is the sense of this meeting that one of the
chief purposes of the organization of the Sons of Confederate
Veterans is to perpetuate the historical points of the battle
fields upon which the veterans of 1861-65 fought and died bj
marking the same with tablets and other suitable markers 01
small monuments to help perpetuate their deeds and memory,
thereby locating beyond question those historical point- for
the benefit of posterity.
"Further, That a commission, to be known as the Commis-
sion for Marking the Historical Points of the Battle Fields and
Other Places of the War of [861-65 '"" some similar name,
shall be appointed by the Commander in Chief for tin
pose of inaugurating this work, raising funds to pursue the
same and doing anything it deems advisable within the limits
;- wi irk
"This commission sball be officered by a President, an un-
limited number of Vice Presidents, a Secretan and I reasurer,
with a Consulting Directorate, to be composed of one mem-
ber from each active Camp of Son- of Confederate Veterans,
who shall be empowered to act on all matters pertaining to
the work.
"This commission shall render a written statement of its
progre-s each quarter, said statement to be rendered to the
Commander in Chief and \ in Chief of the Son- and
be published in the Confederate Veteran. The term; of the
officers shall be foi one year or more, and all officers shall be
entitled to reappointment."
2. In pursuance of this resolution the Commander in
Chief announces the appointment of the following comrades
as members of the Commission for Marking the Battle Fields:
President, Clarence T. Owens, Washington. D. C.
Secretary and Treasurer. Xathan Bedford Forrest, B
Mis-.
Alabama, Emmett O'Neil, Florence.
Arkansas, William G. Hutton, Little Rock.
District of Columbia, Charles H. Keel. Was D. C.
Florida. Duncan U. Fletcher. Jacksonville.
Georgia, John W. Bale, Rome.
Kentucky, H. C. Moorman, Owensboro.
Louisiana. W. O. Hart. Xew Orleans.
Mi-souri. Seymour Stewart, St. Louis.
Mississippi, I homas Up1
Maryland, Matthew Page Andrews. Baltimore.
Norl Gen. Julian S. Cirr. Durham.
Oklahoma. Merritt J. Glass. Tuls
South Carolina, A. L. Gaston. Chester.
Tennessee, Leland Hume, Nashville,
ry, Wichita Falls.
nia, W. W. Old, Jr.. Norfolk.
West Virginia, \. D. Smith. Jr.. Fayetteville.
Xew York. Dr. John A, Wyeth, Xew 1
Illinois Hindman, Civ
' Harrison. Opelika. Ala.
Gen. Bennett H. ille, Ky.
Gen. I\. M. Van Zandt. Fort Worth, Tex.
THE SOUTHWEST DIVISi
Southwest Division comprises the Stat -
anil Xew Mexico and is under the command of Carl Hi
of Silver City, X. Mex. Comrade Sin ton went to S
City a little over a year ago from Arkansas and is now
retarv of the Chamber of Commerce. SiKer Cil
lated largely bj Southerners and is one of the fastest-growing
cities of the South-
the ideal health re-
sort of the United
- ites. The Sons
there wei a
to the memory of
their fathers that
they invited Adjutant
Forrest to com
one thousand miles,
at their expense, to
aid in organizing the
John V Moses ( 'am-
trades R o b e r 1
Powell and He
Lehr, members of the
Camp, are taking an
active part in organ-
izing Camps through-
out the Division and
are now forming
Camps at Santa Fe
and Albuquerque
CARL HINT0N.
326
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
Confe&erateb Southern /Iftemorial association
Mrs. W. J. Beii AN President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwell Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian
1105^ Broad Street, Augusta, Ga,
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
1 13 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
IC45 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia — Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. "Wilson
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. "Warner
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolina — Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles \V. Frazer
Virginia — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham, Ala,
SEMICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN CHARLESTON.
On May 14, 1916, the Ladies' Memorial Association of
Charleston, S. C, celebrated the semicentennial of its organ-
ization, the exercises being held in St. John's Lutheran
Church, where the first public meeting- took place fifty years
ago. The religious service was conducted by Rev. G. J. Gonga-
ware, pastor of the Church, after which Col. S. E. Welch,
Adjutant General of the South Carolina Division. U. C. V.,
spoke eloquently of the occasion and introduced Dr. Yates
Snowden, Professor of History at the University of South
Carolina, a son of Mrs. Mary Amarintha Snowden, first
President of the Association, who delivered the historical
address, recalling many incidents in the life of the Associa-
tion and revealing to the present generation the conditions
in the sixties and the struggles and difficulties that the mem-
bers had to overcome in order to pay fitting tribute to the
memory of their brave soldiers and to mark the spot where
each one lay.
Colonel Welch next introduced Hon. Joseph Barnwell, a
veteran of the Confederacy, who bears to this day scars won
as a citadel cadet upon the field of battle. As orator of the
occasion he made clear the position of the South, the heroism
of the soldiers, the patient endurance of her women, their
ministrations to the wounded, and, after the war, their loving
devotion to the memory of those who gave their lives for the
cause. He paid a glowing tribute to the women of the South
and especially to Mrs. Snowden, the first President of the
Association, and dwelt particularly upon the stand taken by
the South relative to the humane conduct of war, reading
General Beauregard's controversy with General Gilmore rela-
tive to the shelling of the resident portion of Charleston and
quoting from General Lee's Order No. 73 to the troops as
they went into the enemy's country, in striking contrast to
the orders as carried out by such generals as Sherman and
Sheridan.
None can doubt that the ideal position of President Wilson,
which reflects the spirit of all true Americans of to-day, owes
its inspiration to the humane principles enunciated by Southern
leaders and to those faithful and obedient soldiers who never
forgot that they fought only armed men who recognized the
sanctity of the home and paid due respect to the rights of
noncombatants.
It will be well to mention here some of the facts that led
to the forming of this Association, fifty years ago. In the
early part of 1866 Mrs. M. A. Snowden, who had been an
indomitable worker in the cause of the Confederate soldier
and was at the head of the Soldiers' Relief Association in
Lower South Carolina and who on several occasions had
visited the fields immediately after a battle and helped super-
intend the burial of the dead, as well as the removal and
care of the wounded, again visited the battle field of Gettys-
burg for the purpose of re-marking the wooden headstones
placed at the graves of the Confederate soldiers from South
Carolina buried there ; and upon her return she said that she
would never rest until she had removed those bodies to South
Carolina soil. So in May of that year, when Miss Burrows,
Miss Beckman, and Mrs. Brown, three interested ladies, vis-
ited Col. Peter Gaillard, then mayor of the city of Charleston,
and asked the assistance of Mrs. Gaillard and himself in
forming an association to care for the graves of the Confed-
erate soldiers, his mind naturally turned to Mrs. Snowden ;
so he took the ladies to her, feeling sure that she, with her
wonderful power of organization and executive ability, was
the woman of Charleston best fitted to lead in this movement.
This visit led to a call to the ladies of Charleston to gather
at the Mills House on May 14, 1866, to form an association
for the said purpose, at which time Rev. Dr. Bachman,
pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, presided, and the fol-
lowing officers were elected: Mrs, M. A. Snowden, President;
Miss M. C. Burrows, First Vice President; Mrs. William
Fitch, Second Vice President ; Miss Annie Simpson, Recording
Secretary; Miss L. Chapin, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs.
Henry Wigfall, Treasurer.
On May 21, 1866, the first public meeting was held in St.
John's Lutheran Church, at which time solemn and impressive
addresses were made and a resolution passed inviting every
town and village throughout the State to unite with them on
June 16 to honor the memory of the Confederate soldier and
to decorate with suitable services his resting place, wherever
it might be.
The first Memorial Day was a notable occasion in Charles-
ton. The services were held in Magnolia Cemetery, where a
lot had been given during the war for the burial of dead
soldiers. To quote from Prof. Yates Snowden : "Inspiring
addresses were delivered by Rev. Dr. Girardeau and Rev. Mr.
Bowman. Three odes, written for the occasion by Henry
Timrod, Mrs. C. A. Ball, and Rev. Dr. Winkler, were sung
with fine effect under the leadership of Prof. Thomas P.
O'Neale. Timrod's contribution was his exquisite 'Sleep
Sweetly in Your Humble Graves,' by some considered the
finest of all his verse and which appeals to all manner of
men.''
In 1867 it was deemed advisable to change the date of
Memorial Day to May 19 "in order to unite with our sister
associations in the South.''
The Association then secured from the Legislature a gift
of marble and granite left from the building of the State-
Qopfederat^ Ueterar).
3^7
house, to be used for the erection of headstones to the sol-
diers and also for a monument to be placed in the center of
the lot at Magnolia Cemetery. Besides this, the Legislature
appropriated one thousand dollars to the work. The corner
'stone of the monument was laid in 1870; but it was not until
November 30, 1882, that the monument was unveiled, as the
efforts of the women and the community in general was first
expended in caring for the widows and orphans of the Con-
federate soldiers. Besides the eight hundred soldiers buried
in the lot at Magnolia, Professor Snowden says: "The Presi-
dent reported at the meeting in March, 1869, a list of forty-
two soldiers and seamen outside of the Confederate grounds
at Magnolia whose graves had been marked by headstones ;
and the minutes of the Association for nearly forty-five years
thereafter now and again report the gift of tombstones to the
families of impoverished Confederate soldiers, several of them
in adjoining counties. In May, 1809, special provision was
made for marking the graves of the heroic torpedo boat men
whose bodies were recovered from Hunley's fish torpedo boat
Horace L. Hunley, who constructed the boat and gave her to
the Confederacy, met death on Ins own craft October 16, 1863.
The lot where these heroes are buried always receives the
special attention of the Association."
In 1870 the Association set aside sufficient funds to bring
on the bodies of the South Carolinians who were buried on
the field of Gettysburg. The President again visited the
battle field and, with the assistance of Dr. Weaver, son of
IMr. Samuel Weaver, who had so ably agisted her on pre-
vious occasions, also of three 1 women of Baltimore,
Mis^ Henrietta Hoffman, Mrs. Ada Edgerton, and Miss Rata
McRae. succeeded in overcoming innumerable difficulties and
[at last was able to have the bodies sent to Baltimore, where
I they were placed on a steamer for Charleston. Professor
Snowden describes their reinterment as follows: "The re-
Imains arrived in Charleston; and on May to. 1871, eighty-
f < >t: r bodies were buried in Magnolia Cemetery. The cere-
Inionies were probably the most impressive in all the long and
[honorable history of the Association. Six thousand people
[were present. Lieut. Gen. R. H. Anderson presided. The
JRcv. Mr. Capers (Brigadier General) read the beautiful
Ipraycr which had been written by the beloved Dr. Bachman,
being 'unable from years and infirmity to ascend the plat-
form'; and Dr. Girardeau delivered an impressive address
which no one present could ever forget. Two odes of rare
beauty and pathos, by Dr. John Dickson Burns and the Rev.
IDr. Charles S. Vedder, were sung by the young ladies of
fche Confederate Home School and a choir of gentlemen."
These are a few points of interest in the work of the
/Association which still goes on year by year, caring for the
(Jgraves of its beloved soldiers, giving burial space and head-
1 stones to any veterans desiring it, celebrating each year with
.appropriate services Memorial Day on May 10. at which time
■he monuments throughout the city are decorated with
w ii. nhs. flowers, and flags and the one thousand and more
fcraves with a small Confederate flag over each one.
The sentiments of the Association are best expressed in the
closing words oi Mr. Barnwell's oration delivered at the
Semicentennial celebration, in which he says ; "But passing
away from the events of the war and those which attended
its close, we come to those of the half century which has since
lapsed. Much of this is familiar to you. This society has
kept steadily in view the lessons of its founders. A checkered
existence, indeed, has been that of our city. Pestilence and
Itorms and earthquake have done their work. The bitter
days of Reconstruction (when, for instance, in 1867 the society
did not venture to celebrate its anniversary by either proces-
sion or speaking, but simply by the decoration of the graves
under its charge), the regeneration of the State by Hampton
in 1876. the political revolution in 1890. and the political con-
vulsion of a few years ago have alike found its members true
to their sacred task. The annual procession, the words of
eulogy, and the gentle laving on of wreath and flower have
recurred in unceasing round. As the old have gone the
young have taken theii • : and the young will in turn
hand down to those who follow them the lesson here taught
and learned, that sui ot the true test of virtue and
.dor may be illustrious even in defeat.
Timrod's Beautiful Ode.
"It would not be too much to say that a society which gave
occasion for the beautiful ode of Timrod. written for its first
anniversary, has thereby justified its existence; but I am sure
that the equal of this ode has not been written for any other
of our societies in this or any other Southern State. A cele-
bration of your anniversary would not be complete without
hearing it. and with its repetition 1 shall conclude this address:
" Sleep sweetly in your humble graves ;
Sleep, martyrs of a fallen cause ;
Though yet no marble column craves
The pilgrim here to pause.
In seeds of laurel in the earth
The blossom of your fame is blown ;
And somewhere, waiting for its birth,
The shaft is in the stone.
Meanwhile, behalf the tardy years
Which keep in trust your storied tombs,
Behold! \< ui sisters bring their tears
And these memorial blooms.
Small tributes ! But your shades will smile
More proudly on these wreaths to-day
Than when some cannon-molded pile j
Shall overlook this bay.
"p. angels, hither from the skies!
There is no holier spot of ground
Than where defeated valor lii
By mourning beauty crowned !' "
HARM OX IOCS ASSOCIATIONS.
During the C. S. M. A. Convention in Birmingham Miss
Mildred Rutherford, while giving the report of the Memorial
Association of Athens. Ga.. of which she is President, stressed
very strongly the point that the Memorial Associations should
never be merged into the Daughters of the Confederacy; for,
while both organizations are one in sympathy, each has special
objects of its own. She spoke of the beautiful relations that
exist between the two organizations in her home town. The
Memorial Association always chooses the orator for Memo-
rial Day. makes out the program, and selects the music and
the marshal of the day who directs the line of march, while
the Daughters of the Confederacy pay all the expenses of
the day and deliver the crosses of honor. All Daughters of
the Confederacy are considered honorary members of the
-v
28
C^opfederat^ Veterap.
-rial Association and are thus entitled to vote upon the
orator and all matters pertaining to the Memorial Day exer-
cises. The committees for stage decorations, placing of flags,
and decorating the monuments are all selected hy the Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy. The Children of the Confederacy
act as honorary escort for the veterans.
Miss Rutherford urged that we do not refer to our Memo-
rial Day as Decoration Day. This latter term belongs to the
North, the wife of General Logan. U. S. A., who originated
the custom in that section after observing our-, having so
designated it. Miss Rutherford also spoke of the many mon-
uments which had been erected by the Ladies' Memorial Asso-
ciations prior to the organization of the Daughters of the
Confederacy, a period from 1805 to 1834, and urged that the
history of these monuments be written and thus preserved.
A GERMAN SOUTHERN PATRIOT.
In the town of Garbeck, Province of Westphalia. Germany,
near the Rhine River, in a castle built by her great-great-
grandfather more than two centuries ago. Miss Fredrieka von
Loesse was born April 10. 1808. Her ancestry was a line
of nobility, and this German stock is among the ablest and
sturdiest of the many which have mingled to make the
modern America. For many generations the men of the Von
Loesse family had been generals in the German army; but
when Miss Von Loesse married Prof. Joseph Heacker, her
interest was turned from military life to the college work of
her husband. There were nine children born to them, the
eldest of whom, William Joseph Heacker, was born on March
26, 1832, in the old William von Loesse castle at Garbeck.
They were ambitious for this son to become a priest, so they
took him to Cologne to enter upon his studies for the priest-
hood, together with the study of music. The boy begged that
he be allowed to enter some medical school: but his father
was determined that William should become a priest, and
William was compelled to continue his studies in the Cath-
olic school.
At the close of six years' work at Cologne an uncle, who
was a priest, visited him. and while going over the work of
the previous year he was surprised to see how much the boy
knew of physiology. This uncle persuaded William's father
to send him to a medical school, and William was entered in
the Bonn University for the study of medicine. After he
had graduated and returned home, he learned that his uncle.
William von Loesse, had made arrangements for him to en-
list as a surgeon on the general's staff in the German army.
William knew that service in the army was obligatory on
every man in Germany unless arrangements could be made
with the king to be released; and as his uncles were generals,
he felt that they would do all in their power to keep him in
the army. So he determined to go to some other country im-
mediately. He spent about two weeks at home, then went
quietly off to Rome for several months, then to Paris and
took up the practice of medicine. All the while he kept up
correspondence with his mother, whom he was trying to per-
suade to leave German).
In 1851 Dr. Heacker went to London, and from there he
wrote to his father that he would rather go to America and
make his home in a new country than return to Germany and
serve in the army. His father responded that if William
would not return to Germany the family would go with him
to America, and a few months later Professor Heacker emi-
grated to the United States with his son and eldest daughter,
Mary. They settled in Louisville, Ky., and the mother and
other children came over from Germany in the sprit s
1S52.
While on a visit to Dr. Hawkins at Frankfort. Ky.. Dr.
Heacker met John Cabell Breckinridge, and the} became fast
friends. Mr. Breckinridge took him to visit a relative near
Bridgeport, and there the Doctor met Miss Armilda Wright,
to whom he was married on April 28. 1853. They made their
home in Louisville, where he was demonstrator of anatomy
at the Medical College and also practiced medicine until 1801.
Dr. Heacker's father and family were strong abolitionists, but
his own sympathies were with the South; so at the beg
ning of the war he took his wife to her home at Bridgeport
and waited there for his brother-in-law to arrange his busi-
ness so they could join the Confederate army together. In
the early spring of 1861 they went to Nashville, Tenn., where
Dr. Heacker enlisted in General Bridgeman's cavalry bat-
talion, of Bragg's command, which was afterwards co
dated with General Ashby's.
He returned to Kentucky with that regiment and was in
many skirmishes there during the rest of the year. His regi-
ment was with General Zollicoffer in the battle of Mill Springs,
when that general was killed. January 19, 1862. Dr. Heacker
was the first to reach him after he received his mortal wound
and assisted in giving him medical aid.
After this battle Dr. Heacker was promoted to surgeon of
General Raines's brigade, whose troops were with General
Bragg at Chattanooga, Tenn. They were ordered to march
through Kentucky to Cincinnati, though their destination
was Frankfort, where General Bragg inaugurated a provij
sional Governor of Kentucky. While at Frankfort Dr.
Heacker went out to see his wife at Bridgeport. Some oi
General Buell's men planned to capture him ; but the Doctor
was enabled to escape, though he had to ride south to
Marion to reach the Confederate lines, as he was cut off
from Frankfort. At Lebanon he found General Bragg re-
treating through the Cumberland Mountains into Tennessee.
When Gen. William J. Hardee reached Lebanon on October
8, 1862, and learned that a detachment of Federals was it
Perryville, he turned at once and attacked them. The Doctor
hastened to the scene of the battle and found the Confederate
army in much confusion. He escaped General Buell's army by
returning to Harrodsburg. Ky.. and that night had another
narrow escape from Federal soldiers, who pursued him sev-
eral miles, and joined General Bragg in the safer regions n
Tennessee. At Murfreesboro the two armies were bivouacked
with their camp fires in sight. During the night Dr. Heacker
with a Confederate brigade passed around the Federal rear and
assailed the wagons, capturing large quantities of stores.
During many weeks of waiting for Rosecrans Dr. Heacker
rendered valuable service in doing scout work for Bragg's
army. He was detached and placed in the secret service,
which carried him into Kentucky. He was captured in tl
eastern part of that State on May 2. 1863. and taken to Camp
Chase Prison. During a violent storm on the night of July
3 this brave Confederate surgeon carried out his plans to es-
cape. Twenty men were to make the adventure with him;
but many of them were deterred by the raging tempest, and
only seven joined him and made their escape. By a devious
route he made his way back to Nashville. Tenn., and joined
the Confederate army. He was later sent by Gen. S. B.
Buckner with dispatches to Gen. John H. Morgan at Burkes-
ville. Cumberland County. Ky.. which he reached about July
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
3^9
7, enlisted in the brigade, and went oil the raid with Morgan
through Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. He was captured and.
with other prisoners, placed on a train for Cincinnati. Al-
ways on the alert, the Doctor made his escape by jumping
from the train, went up the Ohio River into Virginia, and
joined a Confederate scouting party. He was sent to Bean's
Station, Tenn., sometime in August, 1863, to take charge of
the Confederate hospital, where he remained for more than
a year.
'1 he army having run short of medical supplies, 1 ieneral
Gracey sent Dr. Heacker to Cincinnati to purchase medicines,
which he shipped to Nicholasville, Ky., by rail and from there
by private conveyance to Cumberland Gap. Tenn. This brave
venture, being chronicled in Southern new-papers, caused the
United States government to offer a reward for him, and on
account of this he assumed the name of Dr. Thomas White
He was sent into Eastern Kentucky with another scouting
party, and on the 1st of December, [864, he was captun
Turnersville while in a skirmish with Wolford's Cavalry. He
was taken to Cincinnati and placed in McClain Barracks, and
in March. 1865, he was court-martialed and exiled north ol
Mason and Dixon's line for a term of three Mat- lie went
to Jasper County, 111., and practiced medicine there under Hie
name of Dr. Thomas White until President Johnson's amnesty
proclamation was issued, when he assumed In- own name.
He practiced medicine in Illinois for thirteen years and then
started smith to take a position in a medical college of North
Carolina; but, meeting some old Confederate friends
passed through Morristown, Tenn., he was persuaded to locate
there, lie afterwards bought Mineral Hill Springs, in
Grainger County, Tenn.. where lie lived until his death, in
March, lot-, having nearly completed the eighty-fourth year
of his age.
Dr. Heacker was one of the first advocates of the
theory and contributed an article of over one hundred pages
on the subject. For over forty years he wrote rcgularh for
a number of medical journals. He was a member of the
National Eclectic Medical Society and ex Vice President of
tlii Tennessee State Eclectic Medical Society. Prof. J. Buch-
anan. M.D.. in his book on bacteriology, a standard work of
that kind, says that Dr. Heacker in the year iSu; was the
leading scientific savant and undoubtedly the most successful
physician in Tennessee and her only bacteriologist
A LOS7 FL( 'A'//'./ FLAG.
The whereabouts of the flag of the 3d Florida Regiment
is unknown. The other regimental tlags of Florida I -
are being preserved in the Capitol in Tallahassee, and the
onh one needed to complete the number 1- that of the 3d
Regiment. The last seen of this flag, which had the honor
of having twenty battles inscribed on it. was in the battle of
Missionary Ridge. While the Florida troops were mal i
grand charge on the enemy the brave color bearer was shot
down. Archie Livingston, of Company G. 3d Regiment,
seized the flag of his dead comrade, Charlie Ulmer, and bore
it aloft until the troops fell back, when Stebbins, the acting
adjutant, took the flag. After Hood's disastrous campaign,
in the confusion of many consolidations, the flag which had
been "baptized in blood" was lost. Any information that will
lead 10 tin recovery of this flag will be gratefully appreciated
by Mrs. Enoch J. Vann. Madison. Fla.
IN THE LAST DAYS OF THE COX FEDERAL
BY MRS. J. B. W1LK1NS, COLUMBIA. TENN.
After Hood's retreat from Tennessee the scattered and
hopeless forces of the Southern army often rallied and gave
battle to the pursu-
ing and victot
i nemy at \ arious
points. Wil
Raider-. ,1 e a ling
death and destruc-
tion as they |
trated to the In art
of the Confederacy,
were met by .<
tion of
Cavalry about twen-
ty miles above Sel-
ma. Via., an.] fi
the battle 01 l>
Creek. In this vi-
cinity stood the
home of I >. I' Mc-
1 !e< . w hich w a- also
JOSEPH H. AND MATTIE in N'GAX, ., , • ...
the home 01 Miss
Martha Louise Dungan, the principal figure of this an
On hearing that the Yankees wire approaching, the father
liastilj gathered what he could of provisions and the little
children, with their maid. "Mal." and retreated to the pine
- for shelter. The wife and Mi-- Mattie rema
defend the home and encourage the Southern soldiers to
stand by their guns, \- th< fight waxed hot and
kees wen getting tin best of it. the cheers of thesi
women could no longet i tspire the 1 tes, so thi
for safety to a ne; ["here thej remained until the
1 of (lie guns told that he conflict was over. Being
ions to know the resul md fearing that thej
d upi in by the bin. they < merged Fri im
hiding place, Miss Mattie devised a flag of truce by to
a square of white from her petticoat and attaching it to .1
alk and boldlj approached the house. Forres
them, parting 'he companj and eso rting them through a
But I 1 the sight that met their gaze as they
their home tilled with dead and .lint: Yankees, mai
whom were buried in a trench in their yard for a few
The presenc< of Miss Mattie wa- a panacea for in.: 1. .
ded soldi) v.
The accompanying picture wa- made of Miss Mattie and
her brother, Joseph Hall Dungan, just before he left home
for the field of battle. Hall Dungan went out with 1
pany \ from Selma, Via., under General Cheatham and
wa- seriously wounded in the upper arm. which rendered linn
a cripple for life. Hi- -on. J. V 1 Hnigan. of Memphis, still
has ■In coal he wore when wounded and treasures it highly.
wo othi 1 soi - survive him, David and John, and a da;-
Mrs. W. T. William-, of Trenton, Tenn.
Miss Mattie Dungan was married to Milton B. Perm
and make- her home with her only child. Mrs. H. N. Tharp,
of Humboldt, Tenn. Though vet feeble, she still liki
tell her grandchildren of the struggles and bravery of the
Southern heroes Sh< was horn in Tennessee in 1M41 of
Scotch-Irish parents, whose lineagi dates hack to the Hamil-
ton' '" Sci tland and Bed- of Ireland, and later to gran*
ents of . '■■ - • is a charter meml
330
(^Otyfederat^ l/eterap.
Xathan Bedford Forrest Chapter. U. D. C. at Humboldt, and
is lovingly called its "mother."
Joseph Hall Dungan was the la-t survivor of four brothers
who gave up all to follow in the ranks of that glorious cause
to which shall be sung paeans of praise until time shall be no
more.
A MYSTERY OF THE SOUTH.
BY H. D. ALLEN, BOSTON. MASS.
On August 13, 1912, there appeared in the daily papers an
Associated Press dispatch from Washington, D. C, stating
that the United States government had on hand a large amount
of Confederate money which "came into the possession of the
Union army at the close of the war," and that rather than
destroy it a selection of such notes would be sent to any pub-
lic library which would agree to preserve and display it as a
historical exhibit illustrating an epoch in the history of this
country.
I sent the clipping to a niece of mine who was the librarian
at Shirley. Mass., suggesting that she apply for the notes, and
in due course of time the bills arrived. After being held by
the trustees for a year or two. they were sent to me with a re-
quest to have them framed. There were fourteen notes in
all and in a bad state of preservation. Some were scorched
on the edges by fire, some had large holes punched in them
(cancellation evidence), and most of them were so worn as
to be really unfit to exhibit. Up to this time I had never
seen a Confederate note. As soon as I began to study them
I realized that there must be many more bills of the various
issues. Then I conceived the idea of assembling a nice col-
lection, having it framed under glass, and placing under each
bill a typewritten article covering everything of historical in-
terest that I could discover, partly as a model for Southern
libraries to follow. For the purpose of a public exhibit I
assumed that one bill of each denomination issued would be
ample without going into' minor varieties, so I have eighty-
four notes. I have corresponded far and wide and have not
found that any one has attempted to put together such a dis-
play, the idea of the historical notes being wholly unique and
without precedent.
I have been working for a year on my historical notes and
have them nearly completed, except as to the famous $10 bill
of September 2, 1861, reproduced on opposite page. When the
Atlanta Georgian, in the interest of historical research, kindly
printed a facsimile of the bill with an article by Dr. George
Brown, of Atlanta, I felt sure that some one in the South
would be able to name the person whose picture on the bill
has gone unchallenged for fifty years as Williamson S. Old-
ham, of Texas; but up to the present time no one has fur-
nished absolute proof.
It may interest the readers of the Veteran to see a list of
the candidates for honors. All the good people who have
written me send pictures which they think resemble the pic-
ture on the bill. Some of them do slightly, but any positive
proof is lacking. The candidates are : William L. Yancey,
Howell Cobb, Abraham Lincoln (impossible), Alexander H.
Stephens, Jefferson Davis, R. M. T. Hunter, John H. Reagan,
Andrew Johnson, Senator Orr (of South Carolina), Gov-
ernor Watts (of South Carolina), Franklin Pierce, Governor
Hamilton (of Texas), Robert Toombs, Thomas Corwin (Gov-
ernor of Ohio), Thomas B. Huger (a lieutenant in the Con-
federate States navy), and George A. Trenholm. None of
these qualify. I have access to the Boston Public Library,
the Boston Anthenaeum. and the library of Harvard College,
containing over two million volumes, and 1 am faithfully
ing up every reference sent to me. but so far without definite
result.
My correspondence shows that, in spite of the thousands of
volumes written on Southern history, little or nothing has
been done on the subject of Confederate money. All I can
say is that when my exhibit is viewed by Southern people
visiting Boston they will be amazed by the wealth of South-
ern history surrounding these Confederate notes, and 1 ven-
ture the prediction that many Southern historical societies
and libraries will take steps to duplicate this exhibit, and
when that time comes it may be next to impossible to obtain
some of the bills needed. Many of the Northern libraries
sent for these bills and now have them on exhibit, but no
one has yet attempted to do what I have outlined as to the
historical notes.
Is It Edward C. Elmore?
Some years ago Mr. William W. Bradbeer. of Mount Ver-
non, X. Y., whose great book on Confederate money is now
the standard authority, took a trip through the South, partly
in an effort to locate the mystery. He met some Southern
gentlemen who had been employed in the Treasury Depart-
ment at Richmond. On being shown a copy of the bill, one
of them exclaimed : "Why, that is my old boss, Ed Elmore !"
Little realizing that the statement might be challenged and
believing it to be first-hand evidence, Mr. Bradbeer accepted
it as a fact, even neglecting to take the names of any of the
gentlemen present. However, Hon. Edward C. Elmore. Jr.,
of Columbia, S. C. informs me that, to the best of his knowl-
edge and belief, the picture on the bill is not that of his father.
Edward C. Elmore, who was the Treasurer of the Confed-
eracy, and he sends me an enlarged copy of the only photo-
graph of his father in the possession of the family, whicB
seems to bear out his assertion. Mr. Bradbeer. in publishing
his book last July, makes the assertion that the picture is that
of Edward C. Elmore, and he stands pat on the statement
to-day and challenges proof to the contrary ; and I do the
same, partly because of the statement made to him by an
employee of the Treasury and partly because it would have
been very natural and eminently proper for the Confederacy
to have recognized on one of its pieces of money the chief
officer of the Treasury Department, which issued and handled
the money, and the officer whose personal signature appears
on all four of the bills issued at Montgomery, which were fine
examples of the engraver's art and greatly prized in any col-
lection of Confederate money. Can another picture of Mr.
Elmore be found exactly duplicating the picture on the
bill ? I hope all old photograph albums in the South will be
searched for this.
Keatinge, Leggett & Ball was the firm that engraved
and printed the bill, and it was probably done at Richmond.
It is not clear whether the members of the firm were natives
of the South, of Virginia, or even of Richmond; but it would
seem that the city directories of Richmond for 1861 or fol-
lowing years could be traced for the members of the firm or
their descendants and some one be located who could give us
information. When Richmond was abandoned, the firm went
to Columbia, S. C, and from that city the work on Confed-
erate money was continued. Later on Mr. Leggett left the
firm, and it was known for some time as Keatinge & Ball.
Possiblv the city directories of Columbia for 1861 and fol-
Qoi)federat<? tfeterai?.
.^o1
Wa
TEiHfi
J;hn,/.thti
■
JfcS
I h .' .^. H>»A,H.
. Not good as money. To use it as such,
■ may subject yoa to arrest or imprison- ^
I merit for violating the laws of the U.
I S. This is a photographic print and
I has no value. — ™
lowing years might furnish clues to the members of the firm
or their d< ScendantS, some of whom might know the facts
It is possible that the engravers might have been fur-
nished with a number of photographs of persons who had
been considered for the honor of appearing on the bill and
by some accident got the photographs mixed or that they even
purposely selected the photograph of some good-looking gen-
tleman who was comparatively unknown and not even re-
motely connected with the Confederate Treasury or govern-
ment in any official capacity. How would the members of the
engraving lirm know, for instance, the identity of a photo-
graph sent them from New Orleans or Montgomery if the
name of the person had not been written on it?
It seems highly important and desirable that old photo-
graph albums in the South should be diligently searched for a
small card photograph e> ictl; duplicating the picture on the
bill.
I refuse to believe that there is not somewhere iii the
South, even at this late day. incontrovertible i which
will settle this mystery for all time; and 1 call on all loyal
Southern people, librarians (State, city, or town), historians,
teachers, students, members of Confederate veteran societies,
kll men who were at Richmond in t86l land perhaps empl
in the Confederate Treasury), any one who knows any o
udants of Keatinge, Leggett & Ball, who engraved the
bill (either at Richmond or Columbia. S. C.t, and last, but
lol least, the great army of newspaper men. who often do
when all others fail, to take up and conduct a -
bus search in an endeavor to find out who this man was and
BlUS solve the great mystery. To the first person who
me definite proof I will pay a reward of $10 and an extra
any one sending me a small card photograph exactly
Duplicating the likeness on the bill.
1 have lately received from a patriotic Southern woman a
list of officers and clerks of the Treasury Department at Rich-
mond in 1861-62. Some of these gentlemen were probably
boung men and may be alive to-day. If not, their descendants
mu^t be, and it is extremely probable that from this list may
be found some one who can offer proof as to the picture on
the bill. The list follows: C. G. Memminger, Secretary:
Philip Claxton. Assistant Secretary; Henry D. Capers, Chief
Clerk and Disbursing Officer; .lames H. Xash. Correspondent
(English); 11. Kennerworth, German and French Corre-
spondent, James A. Crawford, Warrant Clerk: Henry Spar-
nick, Edmund Ran-
dolph, J. P. Stevens,
J, W. Andei
Thompson Allen. W.
I. Strother, and C. C.
Pinckney, G e n e r a 1
Clerks ; Lewis Linger,
roller of the
Treasury : John 1 >::.
Chief Clerk: Boiling
Baker. First Auditor;
W. \V. Lester, Chief
Clerk; W. H. S.
Taylor. Second Au-
ditor : M F Govai
Chief Clerk ; Alexan-
der B. Clitherall.
Register; Charles T. Jones, I lerk; Edward * Elmore,
Treasurer; Thomas T. Green. Chief Clerk.
SIRRESDERED AT APP OX.
Dr. G. \\ . Basket! writes From Van Ustyne, 'lex.:
"Two veterans of this community. K. E. Canby and J. W
Honeycut. witnessed the surrender of the skeleton For
General Lee to the hosts ,,f General Granl at \
C. H.. Va. They are both poor, hut worthy men in c\er\ re-
spect. 'Uncle Dick" Canby. eight ■ old. enlist.
Wetumpka, \!.t. \pril 9, 1862, in Company C. Captain ■
fey commanding, which was sent to the Army of Northern
1:1 and placed in the 5th Alabama, Colonel llilli.it is
regiment. Gracey's Brigade. 1 ongstreet s ( orps His 1
battle was at Chickamauga, and he was in the fight
that time to the surrender at Appomattox. II.- was with the
detail that retook the crater in front of Petersburg, where
about eight thousand negroes were killed. After receiving his
parole, he took a boat at Cedar Point .eel went to (
Al.i.. from there up the river to Montgomery, and then e
home to lojn his wife, from whom he had he
three years.
"J. \Y. 1 [oneycut, - .0 - old, enlisted at
Shelbyville. \'a.. in 1863 as a mem mpany \
was sent to Virginia and placed in the 44th Uab
ment. Barksdale's Brigade. Longstrei 1 is. His fir-'
eral battle was Gettysburg, and he was with the \rmy of
Northern Virginia until the surrender a1
These veterans would be glad to hear from air.
rades
Who \\ \~ This Gallant Officek? — A. D. Ma
line. La., writes: "At the Missionary Ridge Lieut.
I. W. Scott selected me and two others as sharpsh 1 1
guard the gap b >ur lines. We were stationed
left of Bragg's headquarters and to the left of Cobb's Battery.
We had stopped the nth time when a
very large, fair-complexioned officer, riding a roan
took the colors and started For the gap. We were
tounded bj Ins gallantn that we allowed him to get \i
close range of our hues before firing on him. He feli
the horse, but the latter never broke his gait till suddenl)
he stumbled and fell. He also had received a bullet. I have
always wanted to know who this man was. Who car. teli
me? 1 was a member of Company D. 10th Louisiana Regi-
ment. Gibson's Brigade. Stewart's Divis
332
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
BOOK RE}' JEWS.
Campaigns and Battles of the Army of Northern Virginia.
By George Wise, of Virginia. Xeale Publishing Company.
New York. Price, $3 net.
"Lovingly dedicated to the sons and daughters of the Con-
federate veterans," with the wish that they may be inspired
by "the gallant deeds of their fathers to the noble aspiration
to excel in devotedness to home and firesides," is this history
of the "Campaigns and Battles of the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia." by Capt. George Wise. It is written from his personal
observation and experiences, for he served in that part of the
Confederate army from May, 1861, to the surrender at Ap-
pomattox, and "his splendid abilities as an engineer won for
him high praise from General Lee and others in high com-
mand. He dug the pit and arranged the chambers and bomb-
proofs of the largest gun ever mounted on the Confederate
lines and surveyed and drained the lines and attended to all
repairs to the works on Evans's, Gracie's, and Colquitt's sa-
lients." He enlisted on the 17th of April, 1861, for a term of
one year in the service of the State of Virginia as one of the
Old Dominion Rifles, under Capt. Arthur Herbert, which
company afterwards became Company H of the 17th Virginia
Infantry: and this command made a fighting unit which never
failed to meet the requirements of the situation.
In the first chapter of his book Captain Wise gives an in-
teresting account of the stay in the old town of Williamsburg,
where Virginia troops were gathering for defense of the city,
which is only about six miles from Washington. The roads
leading therefrom were patroled daily and nightly to prevent
surprise from the Federal forces then assembling in Wash-
ington. However, the surprise came by water with the ap-
pearance of the gunboat Pawnee with a demand for the sur-
render of the city. Long before the time agreed upon for its
evacuation the United States troops were being landed, and
it wa< a hurried get-away by the Confederates to escape cap-
ture. As it was, Captain Ball's cavalry company, acting as
rear guard for the retreating Confederate forces, was captured
and kept in prison for several months before being paroled.
The Confederates went on to Manassas, the mobilizing camp
for the troops hurrying from the South, and there prepared
for the test of their mettle in the inevitable conflict impend-
ing. Captain Wise pays a fine tribute to these young sons of
the South who endured the discomforts of the training camp
in such good spirit. Not a murmur was heard over the lack
of necessities of soldier life by those who had been accustomed
to the luxuries that wealth afforded ; but they seemed to start
in with the determination to share whatever of trial or pros-
perity was in store for the South, and that spirit endured to
the end.
All through this narrative Captain Wise writes as one who
was present and took part in the experiences recounted, yet it
is not at all personal ; in fact, the personal note is distinctly
absent, and there is no boosting of self in any of the narra-
tive. It is altogether a history of the operations which made
the Army of Northern Virginia so famous; and. in addition
to his own account of these campaigns and battles, he quotes
largely from reports of commanders on both sides and from
other writers, and, what will be especially appreciated, he
gives the numbers engaged and the casualties of each battle
on both sides as taken from official records. The style of the
narrative is simple and clear, and the intimate view afforded
makes it of more interest than is usual in a history of army
operations.
Captain Wise is also the author of a "History of the 17th
Virginia Infantry," and he has done a good part in making
these additions to the history of the Army of Northerr
ginia.
A Short History of the American People. By Edna
pin. B. F. Johnson Publishing Company, Richmond. Y.:.
One of the most important duties of the Southern 1
is to see to it that the coming generation shall have a true
and impartial history of the United States, giving es] 1
a fair and just account of the part of the South throng
statesmen and soldiers in winning the country and i
formation and administration of the government. It -
also give a clear account of our institutions and the conditions
of the development of our political, social, intellectual, n
and industrial life. This needs to be done because tin
tories written by Northern men generally ignore or mi
resent the South as a factor in the founding and deveh
of the republic. The history should be adapted to the
of pupils in the public schools. Miss Edna Turpin. of Vir-
ginia, in this volume has responded to this need. It 1
lished by a Southern publishing house and is introduced with
a brief foreword by S. C. Mitchell, President of Delaware
College. The following statement of its merits by President
Mitchell seems just. He writes : "The prime merit of the
work is, in my opinion, that events are made so to unfold
that even a child will grasp the principle of cause and effect
as it has worked itself out in the history of our country.
The process of growth is brought out in every paragraph in
such a way as to make the sequence of events illumining.''
It is the story of the steps by which the colonies became a
federated republic, and that republic was changed to a cen-
tralized nation by the arbitrament of war. It also give- the
history of the country under the national ideals.
Two Boys in the Civil War. By W. R. and M. B. V
ton.
From the Beginning until Xow. By M. B. Houghton.
These two beautiful volumes contain the delightful remit
niscences of two brothers, Alabama soldiers, who went into
the Confederate army at the ages of eighteen and sixteen and
were brave and faithful to the end. It is the story of soldier
life in camp, on the march, on the field of battle, and one of
them in prison for many weary months. There are incidents,
humorous and pathetic, of reckless courage and of gentlest
kindness, of high patriotism and unselfish devotion to duty.
There are not only "moving incidents by flood and field." bul
there are profound discussions of the principles involved in the
great conflict and true, fair statements as to the origin and
conduct of the war by the Federal government and as to the
disgraceful orgie of Reconstruction.
These books will be of great value to the historian of the
War between the States, between States' rights and centralized
government, in which the Confederate States contended for
the Constitution, under which they agreed to enter the Union,
and the Federal government stood for maintaining the L'nion
by tramping on the Constitution to conform to the theories
and satisfy the demands of fanaticisms and so ease the con-
science and quiet the spirit of Puritan New England.
The books are from the Paragon PresR. Montgomery. Ala.
Qopfederat^ l/eterarj.
333
IN F RATERS AL SPIRIT.
The following comes from a patron in Chicago, 111.: "I
have been exceedingly interested in reading the May number
of the Veteran. I think you have done a good work in col-
lecting and publishing the historical matter which appears in
this number. I am not a member of the United Confederate
Veterans. On the contrary, I was for nearly five years a
member of the army which did its best to defeat the South-
ern Confederacy. I suppose that during that time I shared
the opinions which prevailed in the Union ranks in regard to
tiie Confederate army; but as time has gone by I have come
to recognize the patriotism which actuated the army and peo-
ple of the South in the War between the States, and I have
since made many friends among the officers and soldiers of
the Confederate army. I have been a subscriber for sevi l il
years to the Confederate Veteran; and although 1 have been
totally blind for several years. I have listened with interest
to the greater part of the articles which have appeared in
each number. * * * I inclose check for one dollar, for
which you will please send as many copies of the Maj Yi i-
ERAN as it will pay for. and I shall place them where thej may
be of some benefit to vou."
T. C. Kelley, Adjutant U. C. V. Camp at Hallwood. Ya..
sends a nice list of subscribers, of which he writes: "My
little list contains the names of two sons, one brother, and a
granddaughter. I have been subscribing for these five for years
and will continue as long as I live or can get the money to
pay for it. I love the Veteran ; it is my Confederate Bible.
I am not one of those who are so glad that we were over-
powered. I stand for the God-given principle of Democracy —
that this should be a government of the people, by the peo-
ple, and for the people, and that our representatives in Con-
gress have no power save that delegated to them by the peo-
ple. I enlisted \|>nl 22. 1861, and surrendered at Appomat-
tox April 9, [865; was twice wounded, two bullets striking
me ill the breast and passing oul at the back One passed
out itself; the other was cut out three months after it was
Received. This was May 31, [862; so you see 1I1 it I began
e,ri\ to receive these reminders thai war is not all fun. 1 have
jotten over those terribli wounds; the) are a con-
tinual reminder of the days that tried turn- souls. I am
still an unreconstructed Rebel and will die one. I walked
homo froiu Appomattox to my father's, in Eastern Virginia,
g May 8, r86s, a little over three hundred miles from
\ ip mi ittox."
1 ink II Foote, 1516 Monroe Street. Vicksburg, Miss.
hal some member of the following regiments. 17th
.ouisiana, ,ust Louisiana. 4th Mississippi, and 411th Missis
sippi. comprising Baldwin's Brigade at the siege and defense
■ • \ icksburg, please locate for him as nearlj as possible the
lieral Baldwin's headquarters, what regiment it was
\\ !. Wright. Craw fordsville, Ind. : "The VETERAN is one
of my greatest pleasures in reading; and its receipt always
a late hour of retiring for the night, as I am unwilling
down until I have gone through it, Then latei
- contributions are reread wit! . -
ORIGIN OF THE STARS ASD BARS.
A committee appointed by the Sons of Confederate Vet-
erans has been working for a year in the endeavor to decide
correctly who designed the first flag of the Confederacy,
the Stars and Bars. It has had great difficulty in securing
conclusive evidence on the subject. The committee is still
working on the matter and will be greatly obliged for any
information, however unimportant it may seem to be, that
bears on this question. If there is any one now living wdio
may have been much around the Capitol in Montgomery in
the early part of the year 1861, his or her address will be
highly appreciated also. Address all communications to R.
B. Haughton, Chairman, Third National Bank Building Si
Louis. Mo.
\\ . S. Ray, of Mabel, Okla., wants a copj of the poem be-
ginning :
"As life's evening shadows lengthen and our hearts are beating
slow.
We grow weary of its burdens and its strife:
And our memories go backward to the scenes of long
Vnd we live again the morning hour of life."
R. H. Alders, .11, 0f Gallatin. Mo., wants to get into com
munication with the nine members of the 1st Georgia keg
ment that he met in 1S04 southwest of Atlanta, one of whom
was George E. Johnson, who lived at Macon, Ga. Mr. Alder-
son was a member of Company I. 23d Regiment of Missouri
Volunteers. U. S. A.
Campaigns and Battles
OF THE
Army of Northern Virginia
By GEORGE WISE
ALEXANDRIA, VA.
This is another valuable addition to
the list of books on the Civil War by
Southern writers, and it deserves a place
among the most valuable. — The Pres-
byterian of the South.
"Campaigns and Battles of the
Army of Northern Virginia" is bound
to win a place, by reason of its intrinsic
merit, among the recognized standard
works dealing with the subject. — Fair-
fax Herald.
$3.15 by mail, postpaid
oo4
Qoi?f ederatt} l/eterar).
Bm All Caases, Head Noises and Other Eai
Tr»ablea Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who were
formerly deaf, now hear
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life oi
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired oi
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
i that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
•re restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds.
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums.
Discharge from Earst etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer i
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousandsof others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf.
•ess — giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
1019 Inter-Southern Bldg. LOUISVILLE. KV
THE KU-KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
Do you know the story
of the birth of a nation?
This book gives authen-
tic data about the Klan
which brought it into
being, with letters from
charier members and at-
tractive illustrations,
such as the "Mounted
Ku-Klux In Full Regalia"
and the K. K. K. ban-
ner with "fiery -t on gued
dragon." It is indorsed
by Confederate organiza-
tions, historians, educa-
tors, and should be in
every library of the coun-
try. Price, S5 cents,
postpaid. Order from the
author, Mrs, S. E. F.
Rose, West Point, Miss.
Drum * °<J
in Position i
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Tenn.
e lr. Summerlin, of Valley Mills.
Tex., •■■..jus the address of any of his
comrades of Hudson's Battery, Forrest's
command, in 1S64 until the surrender.
He needs proof to secure a much-needed
pension.
If any of the friends or relatives of
Luther Santmyer, a young Confederate
soldier, presumably of a Southern regi-
ment, will write to L. B. Tennant.
Farmington, \Y. Va., they can hear
something in regard to the young sol-
dier's death, etc.
RHEA SPRINGS
Is again ready to receive guests. Come where
tbe best water flows. No better place for recu-
peration, health, or pleasure. All amusements,
including dancing. Prices sensible. Make
reservations now. Write us for information.
RHEA SPRINGS COMPANY
RHEA SPRINGS, TENN.
Mrs Alice B. Rand. 205 Van Voast
Avenue. Bellevue, Ky., wishes to com-
plete her file of the Veteran. She
needs January, July, August. Septem-
ber. October, November, and December,
1899. Any one who can furnish these
will please write to her.
Mrs. Alexander B. White, of Paris.
Tenn., Director General Shiloh Monu-
ment Committee, U. D. C, would like
to get in communication with the mem-
ber of the S. C. V. of Florida who has
a Confederate battle flag that was car-
ried in the battle of Shiloh.
James M. Adams, Box 66, Monroe,
Ga., wishes to hear from some member
of Joe Wheeler's cavalry who passed
through Social Circle in 1864 and who
remembers his service in carrying a box
of clothing to Alcova River, where the
command camped for the night.
"Xot Whipped, but Overpowered.'' —
A veteran woman, nearly seventy, now
an invalid from overwork in schools
ami hospitals, asks some person of gen-
erous impulse to take up a Hen upon her
homestead until the place can be sold.
The property is well worth three times
the amount of one thousand dollars.
Address "Matron," U. D. C, General
Thomas Chapter, Box 124, Monteagle,
Tenn.
Mrs. M. T. Gabbart, of Durham.
Okla.. is trying to secure a pension and
wants to communicate with some mem-
ber of her husband's command who can
testify to his service. William Jeffer-
son Gabbart joined the army at the age
of fifteen years and served four years.
His company is not known, but his
captain's name was Thomas Vaughn, at
ulmse death Thomas McKeever took
■ 'i.irt;e.
ronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
K*
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
oi all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds of Military Equipment ant
Society Goods ll at
Joel Flag I Regalia Co, 57 E 96th St
Send for Price List New York Gty
CONFEDERATE
Battle Flags
on Sticks
PRINTED MUSLIN
(l,\V 1K>7E\ IV A I VI K M.t
M> PACKAVI S I BOX! H
3 inches long. ..SO. 11 doz.
6 "
.25 "
10 "
.29 "
18 "
.68 "
27 " " ..
1.30 "
36 "
1.85 "
PaperPtn Flags..
.75 gross
POSTPAID—Speclal Prices on Larger Quantities
\Vrite to-day for illustrated Catalogue
<if Pins, Charms, Novelties, and Gifts.
Bunting' and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1331 F St. N. W., Washington, 0. C.
START A COLLECTION
OF CONFEDERATE MONEY
I'll help you. Send references and I will send
a choice selection of five clean bills on ap-
proval. You will gain recreation, knowledge,
pleasure, and patriotism. Hunter, Reagan,
Memminger letters for sale. :: :: :: ::
A. A. LEVE. P. O. Box 495A, Syracuse, N. Y.
P
GOOD
OSITION
Secured or Your Money Back
if you take the Draugbon Training, the
training that business men indorse. Ton
can take it nt college or >m mail. Write to-day
DRAIJUHON'S PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGE
Box 88, Sashville, Tenn.
Qopfederatt? l/eterar;.
335
THE SUTHERLIN MEMORIAL.
The city of Danville, Va., has acquired
the Siuherlin Memorial, better known
as the last Capitol of the Confederacy,
where President Davis held his last cab-
inet meeting. The entire prpperty cost
forty-eight thousand dollars. Thirty
thousand dollars was paid by the city,
and the remaining eighteen thousand
was raised by popular subscription. 1 he
proceeds of the sale go to the great-
daughter of Maj. W. T. Sutherlin,
who lives at Birmingham with her
guardian. E. \V. Barrett, the owner of
the Birmingham ^ge-Herald. The his-
toric mansion is used at present as a
repository for Confederate relics, and
many of the rooms are used by various
organizations connected with war days.
c—
J. P. Murray, K R. N"o 3, Box 94,
Lebanon, I cim.. would like to hear from
comrade who can testify to the
Ben ice of John 1 1 * Companj
( , • .1 e'.n airy, Forn st's
tnand, under Capt. J. R, Laj and ( 1
1 Comrada \
garfi ■ lessee: Write me 6 >r
51 lethii g to your inn n St. ( live names
of all other living , with ad-
dresses. I.. \. Fil jist Mis-
si; ii .Regiment, P. O. Box 333,
1. Ark.
George IT. Miller. Dukes, Fla. : "1
w< lcome the Vi < eh \\ as I do no oth( 1
publication. The South is greatly in-
pebred to your great magazine, and she
i- still very greatly in need of it. "l
fcne a lifelong sul
1 \ Sharp it ompany C. 44th Vir-
P Battalion ), 1 aw rencc h La.: "1
jiave been a subscriber to the Vl
[or several years and would not be with-
1 ■ • it."
formation is wanted of John O'Sul-
livan, brother of Daniel .1. O'Sullivan,
wh< 1st heard from in New
La., 1882 to 88f was born
\n old negro who was body servant
and cook for an Arkansas officer was
ambling along with the stragglers in the
real of the Confederate army on \'
11. From Helena when a staff offi er
Overtook him. "Sam." a>ked the officer,
"can vent tell me where I can find head-
quarters;" "Xaw. suh," replied the ne-
gro. "1 don'1 know where dem
quarters is. I ain't seed nothin* 't all
ter-day but hindquart
Facts about
PRINTING
^H 1 o obtain efficiency in the re-
suit, whether it be in the Station
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer Tia\ be
called upon to perform, you musk
demand the best— HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING This we are pre
pared to produce by virtue of ex
penence, artisans employed, and
equipment •)! We give thought tc
our productions Write to us We
will be able to carry out your ideas 01
possibly to suggest something new
BRANDON PRINTING CO.
Nashville, • - Term
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
aSrsKs BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merriir^street
Furnished Upon INSCRIPTION TABLETS Newburyport
Request ^^BB^a^aaaBB^Maa Mass.
WE CALL FOR AND DELIVER
PRESSING, CLEANING
AND DYE WORKS
"Little Better than the Best"
Suits and Long Coats for Ladies and
Gentlemen Cleaned and Pressed, SI. 00
132 Eighth Ave. N.
W. A Russell. Mgr. Phone Main 2079
NASHVILLE, TENN.
Q-
CONFEDERATE
VETERAN
Uniforms
HIGHEST QUALITY LOWEST PRICES
Talloi^MadetoYour Mew
Send '< ■!■ I total' >gae No. 343
and i loth Bampl.es,
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI
iii Ireland; and as ;i boj he was cm-
if the Mississippi steam-
d the Confederate army
or 1862 at New Orleans, and
aftei the war he worked with A. A.
Vbss & Co., of Mobile and Galveston.
\m information would be gratefully
received by .Mi^-. O'Sullivan. a niece,
923 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York
City.
6 Qopfederat^ l/eterar;.
GREAT INTEREST IN
Confederate Memorials
MANY CHAPTERS AMD CAMPS TAKING AD-
VANTAGE OF OUR NEW DESIGNS AND PLANS
'URING LAST MONTH we shipped four beautiful Confeder-
ate Monuments: one to Lexington, Ga., one to Victoria,
Va„ one to Brooksville, Fla., and one to Thomson, Ga.
We will ship this month the monuments for the Chapter
at McComb, Miss., and also the Chapter at Buena Vista, Ga.
We are at work on the Belton, Tex., Graham, Tex., and Georgetown,
Tex., memorials, which will be shipped within 30 to 60 days. We
have just completed a number of new designs for Confederate me-
morials which are the most attractive that we have ever seen.
We will be glad to submit them to your Chapter or Camp and
show you how you can complete your fund for the monument and
have it erected within only a few months. We will do this with-
out your incurring any expense or obligation of any kind. If your
Chapter or Camp is interested in erecting a monument, write us and
we ,.c°> v~f™ vou how you can easily have one within a short time.
C°o/f
e 16
The McNeel Marble Company
MARIETTA, GEORGIA
■ i
AUGUST, 1916
/
NO. 8
WOMAN'S PART IN WAR
By Mary H. Southworth Kimbroue^
Who bears the long suspense of ■war? Who pays
With tears the cannon's cost? Who must behold
The maimed forms of those brave sons she bore
When from the bloody battle field they bring
Them home? And who must comfort, who restore
Men's shattered hopes — who must extract the sting
When victory has passed them by? . . . We know
Whose task this is. Since first the world began.
It has been woman's part in war. 'Twas so
When Southland's bugles called, and tidings ran
Of Southland's jeopardy from end to end
Of our fair land. Our mothers heard and wept.
Then kissed their sons and sent them to defend
Their righteous cause. And every warrior kept
■Within his heart his pledge to one brave saint
To match her sacrifice with noble deed.
O great Confederate mothers, we would paint
Your names on monuments, that men may read
Them as the years go by and tribute pay
To you who bore and nurtured hero-sons
And gave them solace on that darkest day
When they came home with broken swords and guns!
Hgnnuesa
Qonfederat^ Ueterap,
Xdard=$elmGtit $cr ^irls and U°uns Women
-:/N WORK AND IN PLAY THE GIRLS OF WARD-BELMONT are stimulated to their finest interest, enjoyment, and achievement in all that leads to
HI their physical, social, intellectual, and moral development. Inspired by delightful surroundings and associations and encouraged by the kindly
^^ influence and close personal instruction of master minds, our young women enter with hearty enthusiasm into every activity of college life.
The beautiful campus and buildings, representing an investment of more than half a million dollars, afford every comfort, convenience, and facili-
ty for the protection and training of body and mind.
In Nashville, "The Athens of the South," the center of Southern education and culture, favored by the peerless winter climate of the beautiful
blue-grass region of Tennessee, young women from the best homes of the South, East, and West meet in delightful and profitable association to enjoy
the distinctive advantages of a thoroughly appointed institution of national prestige and patronage.
In Literary Work, in Music, Art, Expression, Home Economics, and Physical Training, the facilities and instruction at WARD-BELMONT meet the ex-
acting demands of a most discriminating patronage. The Academic Course includes Preparatory. High School, and College Work. Session opens Sept. 20.
Early application is desirable, as the number of students is limited. Write for complete Catalogues and Book of Views. Address
WARD. BELMONT, Box D. Belmont Heights, N A S H V 1 1_ I_ E , TENNESSEE
Buford College for Young Women
26TH YEAR
EAMOUS GIRLS' SCHOOL,,
MRS. E. G. BUFORD, A.M., PRESIDENT, WIFE OF A CON-
FEDERATE VETERAN. SOLICITS THE PATRONAGE OF
VETERANS AND THEIR FRIENDS. PERSONAL ATTEN-
TION GUARANTEED. ENROLLMENT LIMITED TO 100.
For views, catalogue, etc., write I. H. Gibson, Box 26, Nashville, Tenn.
ELIZABETH MATHER COLLEGE
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Your Rroble-". about Your D'-ir-^friter Solved
The South's College for Women where individual talents are sought
and trained.
A.B. courses in literary lines; Music, Expression, Art, Normal Edu-
cation, Kindergarten, Journalism, Interior Decoration, Commercial
Art, and a large variety of courses in every department.
BLANCHE GROSBEC LOVERIDGE, A.M., President
St. Cecilia Academy
P I |U| f+ U A WkM fi793"| Bingham's central purpose for 123 Years
^J III xJI ■ r1^ I W I I inn i'-'-s been to make Men off Boys. Thorough preparation f or College
^^ ^ -W»- -» Maw— \_Li3LiJoi Life. Unsurpassed climate, Sanitation. Ventilation and Safety
Against Fira, pronounced the beit by 160 phyeicia
Army OHcer dctaile-l since the Details becan.
. Are;* of Patronage international. Military Organization. U. S.
COL. K. RISOHAM, Sopt., Route 4, Boxgg AaheTllle.K. C.
Before deciding upon a school for your daughter
you will do well to consider the advantageous
merits of St. Cecilia. A more charming site is not
to be found, and the climate is delightful. Its ample campus, gardens, dairy, and poultry
farms comprise 150 acres. The buildings are stately and beautiful and the equipment per-
fect and thoroughly up-to-date in every particular. The Academic Department is affili-
ated in all its courses with the Catholic University. Washington, D. C, and with the George
Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville. Tenn. All the departments are kept up to the
highest standard. St. Cecilia as a music center is well known ; the concerts and recitals are
always of the best. The Art Work comprises classes in Drawing. Painting in Oil and Water
Colors, Sculpture, Pottery, and China. Classes in Ancient and Modern Languages, the
Sciences, Mathematics, History, Literature, and Expression, all presided over by thor-
oughly qualified teachers, excellent Commercial Department, and complete course in Do-
mestic Science — these are some of the manifold advantages offered wnich commend St.
Cecilia to the thoughtful parent and guardian. Apply for beautiful new prospectus to
Mother Superior, Nashville, Tenn.
THOMPSON'S
MINERAL
WATER
Nature's Pure and Best Tonic
SO DELIGHTFUL
TO DRINK
Delivered Anywhere
Telephone Main 1858
i NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE >
Responding to an inquiry as to the
dead buried at Carrick's Ford, L. D.
Carrick, of Parsons, W. Va., writes that
there are no marks to identify the
graves, and he knows but two of those
buried there, one of whom was H. Vena-
ble (thought to have been a lieutenant)
and the other George Lockett, of Gen-
eral Garnett"s staff.
WANTED—
Southern ladies of education and re-
finement to travel as field secretaries for
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical
Circle." Must be energetic and over j?
years old. Excellent opening. Apply
to J. STAXDISH CLARK, Business
Manager, 1824 Jefferson Bank Building,
Birmingham, Ala.
Qopfederat:^ l/eterai?.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Term., as second-class matter.
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should be made to the Confederate Vktkk.w,
and all communications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLY REPRESENTS:
United Confederate Veteh ins,
Vni i I n D M Gl • i BRACY,
Sons of Vetei ► Other 0
Confederated Soi rna tATioi*.
Though men deserve, thev may not win. success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
Price, $1.UU per Year. i_
Single Copy, 10 Cents. t
Vol. XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN., AUGUST, 1916.
0 I
\ S. A. CI N\lM,li,\M,
| KOI NDER.
ROBERT E. LEE.
BY EMMA FRANCES LEE SMITH.
(On siring the memorial window in St. Paul's Church, R chmi Va.)
When with rapt eyes and loyal hearts we stand
Within these sacred precincts and there si e
Inscribed in splendor the renown of Lee.
Leader beloved, like Moses, who for land
And people long reviled took linn command
Of hosts predestined to defeat till he
With courage grand in sad humility
Sent back to ruined homes his shattered band.
Can we, the children of that land he loved.
Enough revere and cherish his great name
Who in the dismal hour of failure proved
How strong he was to do God's will? Now Fame
Hath writ his story on these glowing panes ;
We add this tribute which our love constrains.
hundred soldiers on I eld, it to this day no public
record has ever hem made of his philanthropic services
I was a bo h< n the wai i losed I tne
Sunday morning in the n p il, 1865, just a short
while before the surrender. [ si d< achmem of Sherman's
Cavalry— probably .1 part of Kilpatrick's command — come
through our town. They had . menl with Johns
command at Florence, ten miles south of this place, but no-
body was hurt i>n Sherman's approach tin Yankee prison-
ers, numbering somi ten thot ■ removed from
Andersonville, Ga., to Florence, and this cavalrj detachment
was sent there to rel'
A WAYSIDE HOSPITAL.
BY C. P. DARGAN, DARLINGTON, S. C.
At the beginning of the war my father. Dr. T. P. Dargan,
was surgeon of the 21st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry,
serving in Virginia ; but this regiment was subsequently trans-
ferred to Morris Island, near Charleston. S. C. In 1863 so!
diers being furloughed home on account of disability from
wounds, sickness, and other causes had a long, tedious trip
to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, as there was
no railroad then crossing North Carolina westward. The
only railroad running south and southwest was by Florence,
S. C, and many times these soldiers died from exhaustion
ere they reached the shelter of home. My father, who was
still surgeon of the 21st Regiment, conceived the happy idea
of establishing a wayside hospital at Florence, then in Dar-
lington County, on the railroad, where these unfortunate sol-
diers might be treated before they succumbed to exhaus-
tion on their homeward journey. He carried out this idea
successfully and unaided. The hospital was established, and
thousands of Confederate soldiers whom he brought back
from the grave, as it were, rose up and called him blessed.
He was more valuable to the Southern Confederacy than a
"KEEP THE RECORD :
BY FRANK S. ROBE1
In his article on page [48 1 i the Veteran for April 1
nel Saussy gives the nativity of Gen James Withers as the
State of Wisconsin Vppletoi - Biography," Volume VI..
page 584, gives the birthplace of J hell Withers as
Madison County. Wis. Botl arc in erroi Jones M
Withers, Major General C. S. A. was not born in Wisconsin.
His father was Jolm Withers, of D ounty, Va (son
of William Withers, who was Secretai Governor Din-
widdie. of Virginia, in coli es who married Mar}
Herbert Jones, of Virginia, Most of lh( children of John
Withers and his wife wen 1 Dinwiddie County; but
about 1800 he removed his famil; on County, Ala.
where several of his children were born, among them being
his son, Jones Mitchell Withers. One of his sisters. Priscilla
Wright Withers, married William McDowell, of Huntsville.
Ala., and these were the grandparents of my wife, \nothei
of General Withers' sisters was the wife of Gov, C. C. Clay,
of Alabama, and mother of Hon Clement C. Clay, who was
imprisoned at Fortress Monro< with President Davis. In
the summer of IQ14 my wife visited the family burying
ground, on the plantation of her great-grandfather, John
Withers, in Madison County, Ma., near Huntsville. and
copied the inscriptions from several of the tombstones there.
Gen. Jones M. Withers died it Mobile, Ala. (where he is
buried), in 1889, at the home of his daughter. Mrs. Huger.
wife of Col. D. E. Huger. who was Adjutant General on his
staff.
34Q
Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
Qopfederat^ l/eteran.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing Mouse Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
Us patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
FOR THE ''TRUTH OF HISTORY."
BY SAMUEL WILL JOHN. SELMA. ALA.
Iii the July number of the Veteran, page 331, Dr. G. W.
Baskett writes of Veteran "Uncle Dick" Canby, who says
he enlisted at Wetumpka, Ala., in Company C, Captain
Cumfey, which was sent to the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia and placed in the Fifth Alabama, Colonel Hilliard's
Regiment, Grade's Brigade, Longstreet's Corps. Comrade
Canby's advanced years have caused him unwittingly to
confuse things a little, as reference to the records shows
that Colonel Hilliard raised a legion of four battalions of
infantry and one of cavalry. This legion fought with distin-
guished gallantry at Chickamauga and afterwards went with
Longstreet into East Tennessee, where the legion was dissolved,
and the infantry companies were formed into the 59th and
Ooth Alabama Regiments and the 23d Alabama Battalion
and incorporated into Gracie's Brigade, which went to Vir-
ginia under Longstreet. No company of the legion was
ever assigned to the 5th Regiment, which was in Rodes's
(afterwards Battle's) Brigade, nor did Colonel Hilliard
command a regiment after the legion was dissolved. There
was no "detail" made to take the Crater, but Wilcox's old
brigade, composed of the 8th, oth, 10th, nth, and 14th Alabama
Regiments, commanded by Brig. Gen. John C. C. Saunders,
under the immediate direction of Major Mahone, did retake
it and hold it.
Dr. Baskett says of Veteran Honeycutt that he was a
member of Company A, 44th Alabama Regiment, Barks-
dale's Brigade. The 44th Alabama Regiment was never in
Barksdale's Brigade, but was for a short while in Wright's
Brigade and later was placed in Law's Alabama Brigade,
composed of the 4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, and 48th Alabama
Regiments, and served with great credit till paroled at Ap-
pomattox.
Another more serious error was made by D. B. Castle-
berry, in the same number, in his article on "Last Re-
view of Forrest's Cavalry," page 307, when he wrote : "On
the second evening of April [1865] the Federal cavalry
captured Selma and most of Forrest's command, but he and
his escort swajn the Alabama River and made their escape."
When Armstrong's small brigade, which held the breast-
works east of the Summerfield road, had repulsed the enemy
twice with severe losses and were then flanked out of the
works, they were nearly all captured; and when Forrest saw
that the city had been taken, he, with a few officers and
members of his escort, went east along the river road, and,
as the high water in the river had backed the water of
Beach Creek over the bridge, he and those with him swam
the creek and, after going a mile or more along the river
road, turned north through the Brantly quarter, and at
Massena Godwin's horse lot, on the Range Line road, came
upon and killed a Yankee picket guard. They then crossed
to the west side of the road, then to the west side of the
Cahaba River and on to Marion, Ala., where Forrest took
command of much the larger part of his corps under Major
Generals Jackson ami Chalmers and moved it to Gaines-
ville, Ala., where he and !ii ^ command were paroled.
It may appear t>> some that these are small errors; but
the Veteran will be read by future generations in search
of the truth of historj made by the armies of the Confed-
eracy, and therefore all who write for its pages should be
absolutely accurate in all their statements.
•■ the ixdispe.xsabl.es:'
John L. Collins. Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. 3d
Brigade. Mississippi Division, I'. C. V., praises the work of
the Boy Scout:, at the Birmingham Reunion in the following:
"Referring to the communication of Hampden Osborne,
M.D., of Columbus, Miss., in the July Veteran, I can think of
nothing of more vital importance to the welfare of the vet-
erans who may attend the next annual Reunion, to be held
at the capital city of our country. The feature of having
for the first time the Boy Scouts as an auxiliary to such an
occasion demonstrated at the last (Birmingham) Reunion that
hereafter they should be considered an indispensable ad-
junct, easing up a great many difficulties that heretofore
have existed. As the Doctor has so well stated, these lads
were surely on to their job. laying the Information Bureau
entirely in the shade. It was remarkable how keenly saga-
cious they were in the performance of their duties, ever on
the qui vive, led by an active spirit of watching the wishes
of the 'old boys' of 1861-65, and never failing to com-
prehend a desire. It seemed that they could look us in the
face and understand just what we wanted, never wasting
words directing, but simply leading to the places we sought;
no matter about distance or crooks, but landing us on the
spot. When done they would stroll around, eagerly looking
for another subject to center their apprehensive affections
upon. O, those boys at Birmingham will never be forgotten
for the service they so magnificently performed and, as
Dr. Osborne said, overcoming that discontent and disappoint-
ment which heretofore have prevailed. The Veteran cannot
do a better service for the pleasure of the next Reunion than
by keeping this prominently before the committees and man-
agement for our 'On to Washington in 1917.'
"Concluding, let me name these laddies our 'indispensables'
for all coming Reunions, and the Birmingham boys should
be given the positions of honor in showing new recruits the
right way to do efficient service."
THE REU.XIO.X AT BIRMINGHAM.
BY J. N. POTTS, ADJUTANT SECOND BRIGADE. W. VA. D1V., U. C. V.
The recent Reunion at Birmingham was a great meeting.
Birmingham's hospitality will be remembered as long as the
old veterans live. The whole Southland is proud of Bir-
mingham.
The prime object of these Reunions is expressed in the
title. "Reunion." Comrades who in the sixties wore the
Confederate gray and bared their breasts to the leaden hail
of an invading army of overwhelming numbers, who suf-
fered together from cold and hunger and wept together
over the mangled remains of their fallen comrades as they
saw them consigned to uncoffined graves, like to clasp each
other's hands again and renew their covenants of perpetual
comradeship. Instead of gray jackets, they come now with
gray beards and snow-white locks. Venerable men they are,
whose hearts became entwined in rifle pits and on many
Qoi}federat^ l/eterai).
34i
bloody fields more than half a centurj ago. They were boys
then, and they still love to call each other by the endearing
name of "boys," though they are nearing the sunset gate of
life.
It would seem that the present generation would be awe-
stricken and stand with uncovered heads in the presence of
a reunion of such men, the remnant of the most patriotic
and most heroic army that was ever marshaled on the earth.
I should like to know why those having charge of the enter-
tainment of the meetings make the dance such a prominent
feature of the occasion. It seems to me so incongruous, so
entirely out of place. It is like Nero fiddling while Rome
was burning. I am not raising the question of the right or
wrong of the modern dance. Solomon said, "There is a
time to dance," but surely this is not the time. It looks too
much like dancing on the graves of our fallen brothers.
Thousands of old soldiers and many thousands of «
who suffered during the cruel war would like to see the
dance eliminated from future Reunions. May 1 ask just how
the custom of selecting sponsors and maids of honor orig-
inated and what their duties were supposed to be? No
question about their being first-class young women who
would he doubly welcome if their presence was meant as a
token of respect for the veterans; but if the dance is the
paramount attraction, then I suggest that they seek that
amusement elsewhere.
FIRST WHITE ROUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY.
BY MRS. CARRIE rutlw BEALE, NEW YORK CITY.
Through an Alabama paper I have learned that the owner
of the old Jefferson Davis home in Montgomery, Ala.,
known as the "first White House of the Confederacy." is
thinking of demolishing the house t" build a hotel on the lot.
Being an Alabama Xew Yorker, my heart is .mil ever has
been tilled with the desire to make an Vlabama Confederate
museum "i lliis old home. Will you not aid in this work
In urging all Confederate organizations to save il before it
is too late — United Confederate Veterans, United Daughters
of the Confederacy, Sons of ( and Con-
ited Southern Memorial \ssociation? The White
House Association is a member of the Confederated South-
ern Memorial Association. Great men and women ever the
country have indorsed this work; Northerners have contrib-
uted to the fund. I hope the State will not let the house In-
lost to Alabama. The traveling world is interested in the
'Cradle of the Confederacy," its I apitol, and the "first
White House" used by President Davis and his family. In
]8<>f) Alls I>a\is presented to the White House Association
every imaginable article— two carloads, shipped without ex-
pense by Colonel Falkner, a veteran and President
road — beautiful relics, manuscripts, books, and paintings, a
splendid mahogany bedroom set (four-posted bed, with
hangings), all to go into this house For a Confederate 11m
scum. When Gov. Joseph Johnston was in office he reserved
m in the State Capitol, now known as the "Jefferson
Davis Room," for the safe-keeping of these invaluable relics
until the house could lie acquired for them. I have much
literature on this subject, and volumes could be written on
it. 'Ihe city of Montgomery has given this Association a
beautiful lot on a hill near the cemetery, and the city and
State should assist in placing the house on this lot. It would
be a great museum, a repository for these wonderful relics,
.1 resting place for visitors, and a lovely home for the cemetery
Sexton. Ihe late Editor of the VETERAN was interested in this
work. Being away from Alabama. I know of no better way
to reach my dear people than through the Veteran, which I
have taken from the beginning and would not do without.
Please help us to save this home as a repository for the
marvelous Davis collection. We also have Robert E. Lee
and Stonewall Jackson relics to place in this museum.
MAGNANIMITY OF A FEDERAL PICKET.
BY ROBERT YOUNG, BAT0NT0N, G.\.
W. P. Jenkins, aged seventeen, a member of my command,
Company G. 12th Georgia Infantry, was very seriously
wounded in the side and leg just at dusk on August 28, 1862,
in the battle of Second Manassas. When the firing ceased.
Capt A. S. Reid ordered Robert Jenkins (a brother) and
Henry Marshall to look for and bring him into the lines.
Seeing that Prank was desperately wounded, he ordered him
taken to the field hospital and directed that his brother stay
with him until the father could come. It was unusual to
allow this, and Captain Reid said: "I may he court-martialed
for it. but I'm going to take the risk."
While Prank Jenkins was being taken to the field hospital
at night the little party was halted and asked: "Who are
you?" Ihe bearers responded: "We arc two men of the
[2th Georgia carrying a wounded comrade to the hospital."
To their surprise, the picket said: "Don't you know you are
in the Union lines?" "No." "You arc our right."
Robert Jenkins sai.l : "Man, you've got a heart in you." 'Ihe
Federal said: "God bless you"
["he hospital was soon reached, hut the doctors did not
think Prank could survive tin- wound in his side; so they did
nol amputate his badly won- \ few days later
Robert Jenkins, with frank and Lieutenant Scott, of tin- same
company, who bad also been seriously wounded on the 27th
at Manassas Junction, reached Middleburg, twenty miles
northwest of the battle lie hi. \s the wounded men I;
the ground a prettj young lady of the town came inquiring
for frank Jenkins and had him removed to her home; but
her father declared that no Confederate soldier should -lav
in his house, and he made such a row that Robert Jenkins
went out to look for another p'ace. Finding that Scott had
rented a room and wanted to share it with Frank, he was
soon removed to the new place and there remained until his
father cann and took him home. After nineteen months he re-
turned to the army with a shorter leg and was given a posi-
5 orderly sergeant of Doli s '- I \iiit: to the end.
Thus through the thoughtfulness of his captain and the
tnimitj oi a Federal picket this young life was
to many years of usefulness. Frank Jenkins lived nearly his
entire life in Eatonton, Ga.. where he became an eminent
lawyer and judge of the Superior Court, holding the high
and love of all who knew him. His death
occurred there suddenly in December, 1909.
TLE OE FRANKLIN SURVIVORS.
The Union survivors of the battle of Franklin. November
30, 1864, will hold a special reunion during the time of the
National Encampment, in Kansas City. Mo. This reunion
will be on the day of the parade, about August 30. but the
time and place will be given in the Kansas City papers. Ml
Confederate survivors of that battle are invited to be present.
George P. Smith, President Battle of Franklin Survivors'
Association, and J. K. Merrifield, 4321-A LaClede Avenue,
St. Louis. Mo., will be glad to furnish information.
34-
Qoi>federat^ l/eteraij.
CAPT. THOMAS PIXCKNEY:
[Tribute by Mr. Joseph W. Barnwell delivered at the an-
niversary meeting, April 12. 1916. of Camp Sumter. United
Confederate Veterans. Charleston. S. C, of which Captain
Pinckney had been Commander.]
Commander Klinck and Comrades of Camp Sumter: It is
at once a privilege and a pleasure on behalf of Camp Sumter
to pay our last tribute of respect to the memory of Capt.
Thomas Pinckney. lately the Commander of the Camp. It
seems strange, indeed, that a meeting of the Camp should
be taking place and he be no longer here.
He was born in Charleston on August 13. 1828, and died in
Charleston on November 15. 1915. He came of a strong
stock of men and women. His first American ancestor ( I
go no farther back 1 was Dr. Henry Woodward, the first
white settler in South Carolina, who by his own desire was
left alone among the Indians at Port Royal by Sandford on
his expedition there in 1666. nearly four years before the
settlement of the colony in 1670. Gov. and Chief Justice
Robert Gibbes was his next ancestor in order of time, who
shortly after the settlement of the colony came here from the
overcrowded island of Barbados, as so many other capable
and prosperous settlers came, adding at once their substance
and experience in colonial affairs to the resources of the strug-
gling colony ; then "Tuscarora" John Barnwell, the com-
mander of the expedition against the Indians of North Caro-
lina in 171 1 and agent of the colony in transferring the gov-
ernment of the Lords Proprietors to that of the crown in
1719; then Chief Justice Charles Pinckney and his son,
Gen. Thomas Pinckney, who, like his brother, Charles Cotes-
worth Pinckney. was a soldier in the Revolution, a diplo-
matist after the war was over, and a candidate of the Fed-
eral party for the presidency of the United States. Gen.
Thomas Pinckney was also a major general in the United
States army, commanding the Southern Department in the
War of 1812.
His mother was of the Beaufort Elliotts. William Elliott,
the first successful planter of sea island cotton in 1790, was
his grandfather. The Hon. Stephen Elliott, the naturalist,
and his son, Stephen Elliott, the gifted Bishop of Georgia,
and Gen. Stephen Elliott, of Fort Sumter, were his near kins-
men. Eliza Lucas, the wife of Chief Justice Pinckney, his
great-grandmother, was the introducer of indigo-planting in
the colony; and Rebecca Motte, of Indian arrows fame, most
known of our women in the Revolution, was his grandmother.
I doubt whether this descent could be surpassed, certainly not
in South Carolina history.
Captain Pinckney attended school at Pendleton, where his
father resided during the summer, and at Greenville, where his
brother, the Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, was the rec-
tor for some years. He grew up with the manly vigor which
hunting, fishing, boating, swimming, and riding, the sports of
the coast country of his day, naturally gave. With a splendid
form, over six feet in height, he was as erect in his eighty-
eighth year as he was when I first remember him, a handsome
man in his twenties. They strengthened his constitution so
as to enable him to withstand the privations of prison life
during the Confederate war.
He received his collegiate education at the University of
Virginia and was graduated in medicine at the Medical Col-
lege of South Carolina in the class of 1849. Dr. J. F. M.
Geddings and Dr. William H. Huger were two of his class-
mates. He studied medicine, as his brother, the Rev. Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney, studied law. because his father desired
that both of his sons should obtain professions. However, he
never practiced medicine and never assumed the title of doc-
tor, to which he was entitled. After completing his medical
studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New
York, he took charge of his own plantation, Fairfield, on
CAPT. THOMAS PINCKNEY.
South Santee River, left to him by his uncle, Col. Thomas
Pinckney; and his father also turned over to him Fannymede,
formerly the plantation of Rebecca Motte. He planted them
until the outbreak of the Confederate war, in i860. That
he was an ardent Southerner in his views scarcely need be
stated. The best proof of the respect in which he was held
by the men of his neighborhood is the promptness with which
he was able to raise first a company and then a squadron of
cavalry to serve under his command. It will interest you to
know that he has left reminiscences of the war and the sub-
sequent days of Reconstruction. The proofs of these had
actually been printed at the time of his death.
I give only an outline of his experiences from December
20, i860, when the State seceded. It is noteworthy that he
expresses an opinion that "most people" believed at that time
that the dissolution of the Union would be a bloodless one.
With a view, however, to preparing for any emergency which
might arise owing to the secession of the State, he was first
a member of a cavalry company commanded by Capt. (after-
wards Gen.) Arthur Manigault. who had served in the Mexi-
can War, and he subsequently joined in raising another com-
pany, called the St. James Mounted Riflemen, of which he
became captain, later recruiting it into a squadron. His men
were enlisted for the war. He served for a time under Maj.
Edward Manigault, whose headquarters were at McClellan-
ville and who had under his command the Mounted Riflemen,
the light artillery company of Capt. Christopher Gaillard. and
six companies of infantry.
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
343
Service under Major Manigault, a most gallant and efficient
officer, afterwards desperately wounded on James Island in
1865. was most acceptable to Captain Pinckney and his men.
The passing of the conscription act of 1862, however, and the
reorganization of the Confederate armies gave the right to
those soldiers who had not enlisted for the war, but who
were, nevertheless, kept in service, to choose their own officers
up to the rank of colonel: and Major Manigault at the elec-
tion then held lost his commission, as so many other capable
officers did, as a consequence of this legislation.
Captain Pincknej was first under lire in a raid upon the
rice plantation on the Santee, made by the enemy's gunboats
Shortly after the reorganization; and the facts related in his
narrative and his strictures upon the conduct of the officer
commanding in the place of Major Manigault, show this of-
ficer's unfitness for. command. The efforts made by the Cap-
tain, including an interview with General Pemberton, then in
chief command here, to escape from the command of (his
officer were unavailing. General Pemberton further refused
to have the captain and his men transferred to Virginia on
the ground that he "needed cavalry as well as General Lee."
This command was subsequently broken up. and Captain
Pinckney's men in part, with the cavalry battalions of Stokes
and Emanuel and the Charleston Light Dragoons, were
formed into the 4th Cavalry Regiment under Col. Benjamin
H. Rutledge.
The new regiment was transferred to the neighborhood of
Yemassee, guarding the Charleston and Savannah Railway,
under the command of Gen. W. S. ("Live Oak") Walker.
I remember seeing Captain Pinckney there in the summer
of 1863.
Tn May. 1864. the regiment was sent to Virginia to form
a part of the brigade of Gen. (afterwards Senator") M. C.
Butler. They arrived at Richmond on May 24, 1864. and in
the engagement at Hawe's Shop, May 28, 1864, where so
many Charlestonians, especially members of the Light Dra-
goons, gave up their lives for their country, he was cut off
from his command and taken prisoner. His sword, which
had belonged to his grandfather. General Pinckney, and
which bad also been used by bis father in the War of 1812,
Was liken from him by Lieutenant Ingersoll. of a Michigan
regiment, in Custer's Division, Many promises were made by
Lieutenant Ingersoll. and subsequently to bis son. to restore
this relic to Captain Pinckney. but it has never been returned.
Although be was reported as killed, he was able to get
through the lines a message to his family which was for-
warded by Capt. Rawlins Lowndes, of Hampton's staff, and
which reached them a few days after the receipt of the report
of his death.
From June 8 to June 25, 1864. he was confined at Point
Lookout and from June 25 to August 29 at Fort Delaware.
From there he was com eyed by sea to Morris Island and im-
prisoned among the six hundred Confederate officers held
under the guns of the Confederate batteries in Charleston
Harbor in retaliation for the imprisonment of eighty-three
United States officers confined in Charleston by the Confed-
erate government after the action of General Gilmore in bom
barding the city without proper warning.
His health had been much impaired and his life endan-
gered by the miserable fare and the cold and damp of his
quarters at the North, but he was quite restored by the ocean
air on his voyage South and by the fresh breezes of Morris
Island. They were placed at Morris Island under the guard
of a negro regiment and subjected to orders unusually harsh.
Their rations were "a few worm-eaten hard-tack, a little
chunk of bacon say one and a half inches square, and a cup
of bean soup." It was estimated that there were three beans
to every quart of water. It is characteristic of his practical
common sense that he learned at once to adapt himself to
prison life. The blanket which he purchased for $10 from
one of his guards when first captured and which he as char-
acteristically shared with Lieut. Lionel C. Nowell, of the
Light Dragoons, and the frying pan which hung from his
shoulders as he was transferred from prison to prison were
so many object lessons in prison life. At the North he reso-
lutely refused to go into hospital when ill, for he hail observed
that all of his friends who did so died. The negro sergeants
who guarded the camp at Morris Island were soon respectful
and almost attached attendants to the extent to which the;
dared to go. The many letters which he persistently wrote,
though few were ever delivered, obtained for him small sums
(much less than was actually sent 1 from friends at the North
which he used for himself and his companions. At Morris
Island boxes came through untouched from time to time.
On October 21. [864, h< was removed to Fort Pulaski, near
Savannah, where his treatment was no longer severe ; and on
December 15. 1864, he was exchanged in Charleston Harbor,
though not permitted at the time to return to service in the
army
Vfter a brief visit to his plantations, from which most oi
the negroes had been removed by his father to a farm in
.M>be\ille County, he passed through Columbia just before
the entry of Sherman, carrying off in his wagon and saving
from lire and pillage some of the precious possessions of his
relations there.
Finding out in March. 1865, that he was expected to report
for service, he purchased a horse, the poorest, he says, which
he ever rode, for $2,700. Salt was then selling at from $50 to
$75 per bushel.
( >n rejoining his command at Smithlield, N. C, in March.
1865, he found, owing to various causes, just ten of his for-
mer company present and only one officer. When Sherman's
army advanced from Goldsboro, Captain Pinckney's horse,
borrowed for the fight, became frightened at the firing and
fell upon him, fracturing his left ankle. While slowly fol-
lowing in the wake of Johnston's army he heard from one of
his men that it was reported that Lee had surrendered. He
had been lying in a freight car side-tracked at Hillshoro. He
thus describes what happened upon his hearing the news :
"I was so shocked that I dragged myself to the open door-
way; and as there were many men passing back and forth.
I launched such a philippic at the crowd soon collecting as I
had never indulged in before, telling them it was a disgrace
to the uniform they wore for the soldiers of the Confederate
Mates to he circulating reports which they knew to be untrue
and which were becoming only to weak-kneed old men and
women at the rear, who knew nothing of the spirit of the
army."
Mas' he was soon shown the parole of a soldier of Lee's
army, and. in his own words, "it required time to take in this
stunning blow."
Arrived at last at Abbeville, he was in October. 1865. well
enough to reach Flat Rock, N. C, which had been raided by
deserters coming down from the mountains during the absence
of most of the men who owned property there. He found
his father's house in bad condition, most of the furniture
having been removed or stolen. He succeeded, however, in
getting a good deal of it back. He then returned to Abbe-
344
^opfederat^ l/eterap.
ville and set out for his plantations on the Santee. His moth-
er had died in June, 1864. during his absence in prison, anil Ins
lather died in the same month in 1865.
Captain Pinckney, like many Confederate soldiers, considered
it almost treason and an insult to the memory of the Con-
federate dead to criticize the conduct of the war. to doubt
the necessity of secession, or even to question whether a suc-
cessful result of the war would have brought unparalleled
advantage to the Southern States. However, when the war
was over and he returned to his deserted home on the Santee,
to Eldorado and Fairfield, he began at once to build anew
upon the old foundations. He spent no time in useless re-
pining and for nearly sixty years lived not in the past, but in
the present and the future, doing his duty as became a man.
He found his houses pillaged and much of the furniture
and many of the books stolen or destroyed, but most of the
negroes were still on his places. With the aid of an officer
of the United States sent up by General Devens, afterwards
Associate Justice of Massachusetts, he succeeded in convincing
the negroes that his lands did not belong to them, and he again
began planting.
At one time he and three of his friends supported them-
selves by hunting deer and wild turkeys three days in the
week and selling the game in Charleston, forty-two miles
away. He proved himself an excellent manager of free labor,
having a genuine liking for the negro, whom he knew how to
control — indeed, he knew how to get on with most people
whom he met in life. He passed through the evil days of
Reconstruction, making the best of circumstances, of course
assisting actively in the rescue of the State from barbarism
in the Hampton campaign of 1876. Rice-planting under the
changed conditions no longer was a source of wealth and
often resulted in total loss. After some years he did not
carry on the business himself, but resided in Virginia, where
he had married, until his return to Charleston in 1892.
Captain Pinckney was twice married, first on the 20th of"
April. 1870, to Miss Mary Stewart, daughter of Mr. John
Stewart, of Richmond. Va.. and on the 12th of July. 1892. to
Miss Camilla Scott, the daughter of the Hon. Robert E.
Scott, of Fauquier County. Va. Tie is survived by his widow
and by a son of the first marriage and a daughter of the sec-
ond.
I have never known any one who preserved his youth in old
age as w-ell as Captain Pinckney. Until almost the end of his
life he went everywhere and seemed to enjoy everything.
He always appeared younger than his contemporaries and
often younger than men much his juniors. Neither in civil
nor in military life was he ambitious. He was twice offered
promotion during the war and refused it. wishing to remain
with his men. He never sought or held public office, yet
he was essentially public-spirited. He did his duty without
hesitation and without a thought as to what others would sav-
or think of him. Without a trace of bigotry, he loved his
Church and was ready to aid it whenever it was in his power
conscientiously to do so. He never cared to be brilliant, but
he had sound judgment, which, aided by a strong sense of
humor, guided him to the right road. He made few mistakes
in the course of his long life.
Brave, truthful, courteous, genial, hospitable, amiable,
though he knew how and when to say "No," making life
pleasant to himself and to all around him, he was an orna-
ment to his community, a fine example to our youth, and a
type of the men of the Old South.
THE BATTLE OF OLUSTEE.
BY GEN. GEORGE P. HARRISON. OPELIKA, ALA.
The year 1864 opened with promise of great activity on the
part of the Federal armies. The preceding year had given
victories to them which produced in the Union forces confi-
dence in the ultimate success of the cause for which they
fought. There was talk of action against Mobile and at
various other points on the coast.
At this time Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore was the command-
ing general of the Department of tin South. He had under
his command on January 31. 1864, some 33.927 men, of all
branches of the service, and one hundred and ten pieces of
artillery, of which forty were field guns. General Gillmore
seemed to believe that an expedition into Florida from Jack-
sonville might be valuable to the Federal cause and would,
if successful, open up a market for cotton, lumber, turpen-
tine, and other products of the State : that it might shut off
the Confederacy from the cattle herds of Florida, which at
that time were contributing targely to the support of its
armies ; that it might obtain recruits for the negro regiments
he was empowered to enlist and organize ; and, finally, that it
might promote a movement of the citizens to organize a loyal
State government.
Early in 1864 President Lincoln wrote to General Gillmore
as follows:
'Executive Mansion, Washington, January 13, 1864.
"Major General Gillmore: I understand an effort is being
made by some worthy gentlemen to reconstruct a loyal State
government in Florida. Florida is in your department, and
it is not unlikely that you may be there in person. I have
given Mr. Hay a commission of major and sent him to you,
with some blank books and other blanks, to aid in the re-
construction. He will explain as to the manner of using the
blanks and also my general views on the subject. It is de-
sirable for all to cooperate ; but if irreconcilable differences
of opinion shall arise, you are master.
"I wish the thing done in the most speedy way possible,
so that when done it will be within the range of the late
proclamation on the subject. The detail labor, of course, will
have to be done by others ; but I shall be greatly obliged if
you will give it such general supervision as you can find con-
venient with your more strictly military duties.
"Yours very truly. A. Lincoln."
Following this. General Gillmore wrote to the general in
chief of the Federal armies:
"Headquarters Department of the South.
Hilton Head. January 31. 1864.
"Maj. Gen. II. W. Halleck. General in Chief. Washington,
D. C. — General: In reply to your letter of the 22d inst, I beg
leave to state that the objects and advantages to be secured
by the occupation of that portion of Florida within my reach
■ — viz., the richest portions between the Suwanee and the St.
John Rivers — are, first, to secure an outlet for cotton, lum-
ber, timber, turpentine, and the other products of that State ;
second, to cut off one of the enemy's sources of commissary
supplies. He now draws largely upon the herds of Flor^
for his beef and is making preparation to take up a portion
of the Fernandina and St. Mark Railroad for the purpose of
connecting the road from Jacksonville to Tallahassee with
Thomasville, on the Savannah. Albany, and Gulf Railro->'<.
and perhaps with Albany, on the Southwestern Railroad ;
third, to obtain recruits for my colored regiments : fourth,
to inaugurate measures for the speedy restoration of Florida
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
345
to her allegiance in accordance with instructions which
have received from the President by the hands of Maj. John
Hay, assistant adjutant general. I am expecting to accom-
plish these objects with the means at my command. The
only requisitions which I have made in excess of my ordinary
wants to enable me to accomplish this work speedily are for
fifteen hundred horses and fifteen hundred sets of horse equi] -
ments to mount some infantry. If the filling of these requisi-
tions will occasion any embarrassment to the departments of
supply, they can be reduced thirty per cent.
"Very respectfully, your obedient servant.
Q. A. Gillmore, Major General Commanding."
In furtherance of this expedition, General Gillmore directed
General Seymour, who was in command of the District of
Hilton Head, to embark on the 5th of February. 1864. with
his command, composed of Barton's and Montgomery's Bri-
gades. Henry's Brigade of Mounted Infantry, and Langdon's
and Elder's Battery of four guns each, and to rendezv
the mouth of the St. John River by daybreak February 7.
To transport this command, some thirty-live or more vessels
were employed. The movement of these vessels through the
waters of Tort Royal and Broad River was detected by tin-
Confederates and reported to General Beauregard, who was
commanding the Department of South Carolina. Georgia, and
Florida. On February 8 Brigadier General Finegan reported
by telegraph to General Beauregard that five gunboats and
two transports of the enemy had made their appearance in the
St. John within five miles of Jacksonville, and on the next
day he announced the arrival at Jacksonville of eighteen ves-
sels (gunboats and transports), the landing of the enemy, and
an immediate advance on the night of February 7. General
Beauregard, who had some days prior to this ordered troops
at Charleston and on the line of the Charleston and Savannah
Railroad and at Savannah held in readiness for such an
emergency, telegraphed orders to send to the imperiled quar-
ter with all possible celerity every soldier that could be
spared. The -oldiers thus sent were nearly all Georgians, a^
hereafter will be shown.
The want of adequate rolling stock on the Georgia and
Florida Railroads and the existence of a gap of some twenty-
six miles between the two roads subjected the concentration
of these troops i" a delay which deprived the efforts of Gen-
eral Beauregard to relieve Florida of full effect. General
Finegan « 1- advised by telegraph of what was dune and in-
structed to do what he could with his means to hold the
enemy at bay. On February 8 the enemy's force at Jackson
ville was largely augmented by the arrival of more troops and
on that night advanced from Jacksonville with great rapidity.
Lieutenant Colonel McCormick, who commanded the Con-
federates at Camp Finegan, retired before their superior num-
bers and withdrew his forces to Camp Beauregard, near
Olustee, on the 13th of February. The enemy with celerity
passed on to Baldwin, capturing on the way five guns of the
Milton Light Artillery, which had been ordered to Baldwin.
Baldwin was reached at daylight on the 9th of February.
Remaining there a short time, the Federal forces continued
on to Barbers the same night. At this point they were met
on the 10th of February by two companies under Maj. Robert
Harrison, of the 2d Florida Cavalry, who checked their prog-
ress for several hours at St. Mary's Crossing.
On the 10th of February the enemy's forces reached Sander-
son. On the Ilth they were within three miles of Lake City.
Here they met and skirmished with a small fore of Confed-
8*'
erates collected there by General Finegan. From there they
fell back to Sanderson, thence to Barbers, on the east bank of
St. Mary's River, where they constructed field works and
concentrated their whole force. On the 13th of February
General Finegan moved to Ocean Pond, near Olustee, and
occupied the strongest position between Lake City and Bar-
bers. Here field works were thrown up. and General Fine-
gan, whose command was increased by the arrival of the
troops sent from Georgia and South Carolina, organized them
as follows: 1st Brigade, composed of the 6th, 19th, 23d, 27th.
and the 28th Georgia Regiments : the 6th Florida Battalion of
Infantry, under the command of Brigadier General Colquitt.
with the Chatham Artillery attached ; the 2d Brigade, com-
posed of the 32d Georgia Volunteers. 1st Georgia Regulars.
64th Georgia Volunteers, 1st Georgia Battalion, and Bernard's
Georgia Battalion, under Col. George P. Harrison, with
Guerard's Light Battery attached. The cavalry was placed
under command of Col Caraw.iv Smith, of the 2d Florida
Cavalry, and the Florida Light Infantry was held in reserve.
The whole Confederate force was: Infantry. 4,600; cavalry,
about 600; artillery. 3 batteries. 12 guns.
On the morning of February 20. 1864. the enemy left his
position on St. Mary's River and advanced in force, vari-
ously estimated at from eight thousand to twelve thousand,
one column by the railroad and the other by the Lake City
and Jacksonville Road, a distance from St. Mary's River to
Olustee being some nineteen or twenty miles.
The country through which the Union army's advance was
made and where the battle was fought needs some attention
to enable a full understanding of the details of the campaign.
From Jacksonville west to the Suwanee. Florida is a vast
level, intersected here and there with creeks and rivers flow-
ing cast and west, and the whole country is dotted with
numerous ponds and small lakes. In 1864 this plain was
generally covered with turpentine forest, the trees not grow-
ing close together, however, but so far apart that the eye
could see for good distances, and passage through this
forest was not difficult for artillery or cavalry. There was
little undergrowth, except that here and there, at intervals
varying in extent, were bays, so-called, of semitropieal plants,
which are sometimes extensive and generally swampy ; indeed,
the definition given in the Century Dictionary of the word
"bay" is. "A swampy piece of ground with undergrowth over
it " Also there are cypress swamps ami what are called
"slashes," or "tracts," on which was water ankle-deep at
times or deeper. The soil was hard and at the slashes con-
sisted of white sand, firm to tin; feet, which. I suppose.
the foundation on which rests the upper soil, where there is
no water, and is a substratum of the whole country. The
ground where dry was covered at that season with coarse
grass and wild flowers, and there were few cultivated or
cleared tracts on the line of march and those of no great
extent. From Jacksonville the railroad runs almost due west
to the Suwanee River and parallel, and not far off, at times
crossing from one side of the railroad to the other, runs the
traveled road known as the Lake City and Jacksonville Road,
which could be used by artillery and wagons. Neither road
nor railroad was fenced, as well as I can remember, and cer-
tainly not on the battle field. Of this field there is only one
map which I have been able to find, made by Lieutenant
Grant, of the Confederate engineering corps, and shown in
the Atlas of the "Official Records." Plate 53. Xo. 3. A very
good copy also is to be found in the "History of the Chat-
ham Artillery" and in the eleventh volume of "Confederate
346
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
Military History." I believe that it is substantially correct,
but it would be an advantage if it showed more of the lay
of the land toward Sanderson.
The battle field was two and a quarter miles east of the
fortified position, and some two miles west was a branch, so
called, though the map would indicate the latter to be a nar-
row bay of considerable length at right angles to the railroad
which runs through it, and a notation on the plot tells the
reader that here the pursuit ended. Judging from some ac-
counts, it must have been swampy. The distance from this
branch, or bay. to the line of fortification west is some five or
six miles. The railroad runs almost straight from the bay
to the fortifications, and about halfway between the Lake
City Road crosses the track from the north to the south as
one goes west ; while near the bay and west of it the road
lias a branch a little to the north and terminating near the
railroad about a mile east of the fortifications. These latter
were constructed at right angles to and crossing the railroad,
extending from Ocean Pond on the north to a cypress swamp
on the south, in front of which there were forests westward
on the right. In front of the works the ground was occupied
by a bay not practicable for troops except where crossed by
the railroad and pike, which were here parallel and close
together.
Ocean Pond is some two and a half by two miles in extent
and well protected the left flank of the works, which made a
strong defensive position to a direct attack, though possible
to be turned around the pond. On the road south of the rail-
road about a mile in advance of the works was a house, and
north of the railroad, opposite this house and where the
branch of the Lake City Road by the plat seemed to end, was
a large bay, rather indefinite in its boundaries, stretching
toward Ocean Pond ; and about halfway between the in-
trenchments and the point marked as the place where pur-
suit closed was a small pond. The whole ground, except
where the bays and swampy places were located, was covered
with pine trees with tall bare trunks not so thickly placed as
to interfere with a fair view of the whole area.
Such was the battle field of Olustee, which I shall pro-
ceed to describe as faithfully as possible, after fifty-two years,
as one who was present and in command of the left of the
Confederate line. Being informed of the advance of the
enemy. General Finegan had his entire command drawn up
in line of battle behind the intrenchments near Olustee Sta-
tion about 10 a.m. About twelve o'clock General Finegan
sent me an order to send forward the 64th Georgia Regiment
with instructions to meet the enemy, then reported about
three miles in our front, to engage them lightly and fall back,
with a view to drawing them on to our works. As this was a
new regiment recently assigned to my brigade and had never
before been under fire, I rode back to see General Finegan
and suggested the propriety of sending forward with them
two companies of the 32d Georgia, Companies H and B, under
Captain Mobley. To this suggestion he assented, and the
64th Georgia and these two companies were immediately sent
forward, under command of Colonel Evans, with said in-
structions.
About thirty or forty minutes after these troops had been
sent forward I heard the long roll sounded in Colquitt's Bri-
gade and saw him riding toward me. On meeting him I
asked to know the cause of the long roll, and he told me he
had just received an order from General Finegan to move
to the front with a part of his brigade, assume command of
all our forces at the front, and capture a regiment of Yan-
kees that were reported to be tearing up the railroad track.,
adding that he had no idea what the force of the enemy was,
that he was apprehensive General Finegan did not know, and
that he had ridden by to have an understanding with me to-
the effect that if he found the enemy stronger than reported
and he should need my assistance he desired that upon notice
I should come promptly to his support. To this I agreed, and
General Colquitt, with three regiments of his brigade and a
section of Gamble's Battery, proceeded to the front. About
two miles from Olustee Station he found the enemy advancing
rapidly and our cavalry retiring before them. He immedi-
ately dispatched one of his staff back to me with the message
that "the Yankees were out there as thick as hops" and for
me to come forward at once.
I then requested this staff officer. Major Morgan, to notify
General Finegan of the message he had .brought me from
General Colquitt and to inform the former that I had gone to
the assistance of General Colquitt, which I did by moving to
the front with all of my brigade then with me except the 1st
Florida Battalion and one section of Guerard's Battery, which
were left at the intrenchments.
As soon as General Colquitt saw the enemy he threw for-
ward a party of skirmishers and hastily began to form line of
battle, being then under a thick fire from the enemy's advance.
The 19th Georgia was placed on the right and the 28th Geor-
gia on the left, with a section of Gamble's Battery in the cen-
ter. The 64th Georgia and two companies of the 32d Georgia
were formed on the left of the 28th.
I had advanced about a mile to the front when I received
a message from General Colquitt urging me to move up
rapidly. I had scarcely put my command into double-quick
when the sound of artillery in my front indicated that the
fight had opened. Quickening our pace, we moved on until
within a few hundred yards of the place where the road we
were on crossed the railroad. At this place the shells of
the enemy's artillery were exploding over us. I halted for a
moment to take in the situation and observed the enemy's
position across the railroad, which was then sweeping the
front of my command with a battery stationed near the cross-
roads. I saw General Colquitt forming a line of battle, and
then I moved my command in double-quick time across the
railroad and formed a line of battle on the left of that just
established by General Colquitt. In doing this my formation
was delayed by our retreating cavalry, who at a rapid gait
rode through and over my line, many of them shouting as
they did so : "Lie down ; the Yankees are coming 1" But my
gallant men failed to obey the cavalry, kept on their feet,
and were soon facing the pursuing enemy, who, armed with
repeating Spencer rifles, had utterly demoralized our cavalry.
On the first volley from our infantry, however, they stopped
their chase and fell back to their main line. Our cavalry
continued its retreat and, with the exception of one squadron
of the 4th Georgia Cavalry, under command of Captain
Brown, was not seen or heard of again during the battle.
I well remember Captain Brown, at the head of his squadron,
riding up to me in the midst of the fight and demanding that
I assign him a place in the line of battle. I told him he had
made a mistake, that I had nothing to do with the cavalry.
To this he replied : "I know that ; but you are the ranking
officer I find in the fight, and I demand that you assign me a
place." I then told him that if it was a fight he wanted here
it was and directed him to deploy his squadron on my left
and keep me posted of the movements of the enemy. This he
gallantly did, and it was on account of information given by
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
347
him and communicated by me to General Colquitt that the
6th and 32d Georgia Regiments were moved to the right
flank of the enemy and caused them to fall back in confusion.
As soon as my line was well established I received a mes-
sage from General Colquitt directing me to assume command
of the left of our line. This I did, and the engagement soon
became general. I then reported to General Colquitt and
asked for instructions. He replied that I was in proper posi-
tion to fight my own line and that he would light his. This
we proceeded to do. Being now at long range (about three
hundred yards), I advanced, in conjunction with the right of
our line, to within about one hundred and fifty yards of the
enemy, who stubbornly stood his ground. About this position
the field was hotly contested by both sides for an hour, when
the enemy gave way slowly before the close pressure of our
gallant men. (It was during this encounter, while riding
with my staff down the line from the left toward the center,
that the respults of the day seemed doubtful. It was whispered
that my ordnance officer, Lieut. R. F. Dancy. was instantly
killed, and my aid-de-camp, Lieut. Horace P. Clark, and oni
of my couriers had their horses shot from under them, and
my own horse was badly wounded.)
Not much time elapsed before the enemy was reenforced
by fresh troops, and our advance was checked. His re-
sistance now seemed more stubborn than before for more than
twenty minutes, when sullenly he gave back a little, apparently
to seek a better position ; but he still held us at bay. Now
the results of the day seemed doubtful. It was whispered down
the line, particularly in the 6th and 32d Georgia Regiments,
that our ammunition was failing and there was no ordnance
train in sight. This I immediately reported to General Col-
quitt, who urged that we hold our ground, that ammunition
would certainly reach us directly. This, I am proud I
was heroically complied with by my command, many of them
for fifteen or twenty minutes standing their ground without a
round of ammunition. Seeing the critical condition of affairs.
I dismounted, placed one of my staff, whose horse had b( i n
displaced, upon my horse, and he and the others of my staff
and couriers conveyed ammunition from a train of cars some
half a mile or more distant. It was in the discharge of this
duty that Lieut. George M. Blount, my acting assistant adju-
tant general, was shot from his horse, though not seriously
wounded. By making several trips they succeeded in supply
ing to our line sufficient ammunition for the reopening of a
rapid and effective fire, before which the enemy conm
to retire slowly, still keeping his fire upon us. when the 1st
Florida Battalion, under command of Lieut. W. Roberl
Gignilliat, arrived from the intrenchments. I at once or-
dered him to the support of the 64th Georgia Regiment, whose
ammunition was nearly exhausted, and the latter to take
position and open fire near the left center. These reenforcc-
ments, with some that arrived from the right, served to em-
bolden our men and intimidate the enemy; for the latter's
retreat now became more hurried and his fire less rapid and
effective. Under instructions from General. Colquitt, I threw
forward the 6th and 320! Georgia Regiments, the extreme left
of our line, to think the enemy upon his right, which move-
ment succeeded admirably, for soon his right was exposed to
a cross-fire which told upon his ranks with fine effect. A g< n-
eral advance of our line now drove the enemy, who retreated
sullenly at first, then precipitately, before our victorious arms
for some miles, wdien night came on, and. by order of General
Colquitt, we ceased firing, and our line halted.
The commanding officers of the various regiments did their
duty nobly. Our artillery was efficient, but it was the in-
fantry that put the enemy to flight. General Colquitt was the
senior officer on the firing line during the entire fight. -The
only message received by me from General Finegan after I
moved to the front was to fall back to the breastworks if we
were hard pressed. This was communicated to me through
General Colquitt, who agreed with me that a retreat was im-
practicable. No backward movement was made or attempted
by our troops during the entire fight
The Federal forces which left St. .Mary's, as before
stated, were under the command of Gen. Truman Seymour
and were attempting to carry out the instructions of Mi
Lincoln by marching a column of Union troops well into the
country west of Jacksonville, there to establish a strong posi-
tion. From that point they expected to break up all com-
munication between Fast. Middle, and West Florida by the
destruction of railroads and bridges in thi region above the
Suwanee River. The Southern Confederacy thus not only
would have been deprived of a large quantity of foodstuffs
that it had been drawing from East and South Florida, but at
the same time a rallying point would have been establish'
any of the inhabitants who wtre disposed to attempt the or-
ganization of a government a E>ng allegiauce to the
United States. Such was the program that General Seymour.
by direction of Gillmore, had undertaken on this occasion.
Seymour carried out the tirst part of his orders all right. He
went a good way into the interior, and there he found trou-
ble. At Olustee he found across his path Gen. Alfred 11
Colquitt and the Confederate forces heretofore named.
Tlie looses of the United States forces weri as follows:
In Barton's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing 824
In Hawley's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing 587
In Montgomery's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing. 316
In Henry's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing 57
In the artillery, killed, wounded, and missing 77
Total 1 .86 1
Loss in the Union army, nearly thirty-four per cent.
The losses in the Confederate forces were :
In Colquitt's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing 481
In Harrison's Brigade, killed, wounded, and missing JOO
Total if
The percentage was over seventeen and a half, or a little
over one-half of the Union loss
The battle of Olustee was a fair, -i|uare. stand-up fight.
It took place in a beautiful pine woods having but little
undergrowth." ll lasted about three lionr> and was. for the
numbers engaged, one of the bloodiest encounters of the whole
war. The Confederate losses, as above shown, were 046; the
Union. 1,861 — a casualty list seldom shown in the histories
of war. General Seymour fell hack to his gunboats at Jack-
sonville as fast as he could and made no further attempt to
carry out President Lincoln's plan regarding Florida. No bat-
tle ever fought was more completely decisive of the matter
at issue than was the battle of < 111
Reply of Gov. Isham G. Harris, on April 18. 1861, to the
Federal government's call for troops : "Tennessee will not
furnish a single man for coercion, but fifty thousand, if nec-
essary, for the defense of our rights or those of our Southern
brothers."
34§
Qo^federat:^ l/eterai).
MEMORIAL DAY AT CAMP CHASE, OHIO.
ADDRB6S BY GEN. BENNETT H. YOUNG AT COLUMBUS, OHIO, JUNE
10, 1916, ON THE OCCASION OF THE DECORATION OF THE
GRAVES OF CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS AT CAMP CHASE.
Ladies and Gentlemen and Spirits of My Heroic Departed
Comrades: The ladies composing thf two Chapters of the
Daughters of the Confederacy at Columbus for many years
have been extending to me invitations to come and deliver the
annual address upon the occasion of the decoration of the
graves of these illustrious dead amidst whose sepulchers we
now stand.
The men who sleep here, many of whose names are un-
known, died as the result of war's sufferings and sacrifices.
It has been asserted that I had the honor of being the first
man to make a speech over Confederate graves in territory
north of the Ohio River. Be this as it may, I was early in
this work. An inmate for a brief while of the Ohio peni-
tentiary in 1863 and later a prisoner at Camp Chase, it was
thought fitting to ask me to talk here this afternoon. This
is my third visit on such a mission.
There are a number of differences in the surroundings of my
first and last coming to Columbus. It lacks forty-seven days
of fifty-three years since, on the 27th of July, 1863, I first
came to this city. Marked changes have occurred during this
interval. We need not consider the changes in any of us
personally, but there are vast changes in the condition of our
country, in the growth and development of this city, and in
the greatness and unity of the American nation. The ex-
pansion of the republic in all lines in the last fifty-three years,
measured by any standards other than the standards used in
determining the greatness of the progress of the United
States, would be impossible.
On the 2d of July, 1863, Gen. John H. Morgan's division
of Confederate cavalry crossed the Cumberland River at or
near Burkesville, Ky. This division was three thousand strong
and was composed almost entirely of young Kentuckians.
This command entered Ohio at Harrison on the 13th of July
and proceeded on what is designated as the "Ohio raid"
toward Cincinnati. About twenty thousand Federal troops
had been centered at Cincinnati along the line of what is
known as the Little Miami Railroad. To pass this cordon,
or living trocha, required genius and skill. General Morgan
turned his face northward. General Burnside conceived the
idea that it was his purpose to go higher, possibly to capture
Dayton. Disposition of the Federal forces was made to
counteract this move of General Morgan's, when the wily
Confederate officer, having outwitted the other side, quietly
turned his way southward and passed the Federal line at
Glendale.
On the 13th of July, 1863, Morgan's command made the
longest single day's cavalry march of the world, and Mor-
gan's march on the Ohio raid up to that time is considered
one of the most remarkable exploits of cavalry in any war.
It is claimed that they marched one thousand miles in
twenty-six days and that on the 13th and 14th of July, with-
out stopping, by a continuous march they covered ninety-five
and one-fourth miles in thirty hours of marching time. This
surpassed Stuart's Chickahominy raid when he moved around
McClellan's army for the purpose of securing accurate in-
formation as to the disposition of the Federal troops under
McClellan.
On the 19th of July, 1863, Morgan's forces met disaster at
Burrington Island, and three-fourths of his command were
captured. Eight hundred of his forces, composed largely
of the Sth Kentucky Cavalry. Cluke's Regiment, of which I was
a member, marched seven days longer. Morgan outrode the
Federals and continued the march toward the Pennsylvania
border for a week; but on the 26th of July he and his fol-
lowers were captured at or near Salineville, in Columbiana
County, Ohio. The tired and sleepy soldiers who had made
this wonderful ride, although hungry, did not ask for food.
They prayed only for sleep, and on the naked ground, with-
out blankets, they lay down and were allowed to slumber
until the following morning, when they were entrained and
brought to Columbus. We arrived here sometime in the
fore part of the night. Having been disabled in my foot, I
was placed in the penitentiary by my captors and after a
day or two removed to Camp Chase.
Twenty-six days of incessant marching and fighting had
told upon the physique of the heroic and stalwart Kentuckians
who composed General Morgan's command. Dust-stained,
weary, reduced somewhat in flesh by reason of the uncertain
commissary which the people of Ohio provided for them, they
were glad for a brief while to do nothing but rest and sleep.
General Morgan's capture and his subsequent confinement
in the Ohio penitentiary, together with sixty-nine of his of-
ficers, form one of the striking episodes of the history of
the great War between the States, and, according to the
judgment of Morgan's men — indeed, of all Southern men —
the conduct of the officials of the Ohio penitentiary and of the
Federal authorities reflects little credit on the history of this
great State. It required a number of years to fix the respon-
sibility for this great wrong. The United States has pub-
lished one of the most wonderful books ever issued by any
government. It has provided vast and accurate material for
future writers about the gigantic struggle between the North
and South. The books, several hundred in number, as printed,
contain every telegram, order, or announcement made by
either the Federal or Confederate authorities during the war;
so that now we are enabled calmly and confidently to examine
the records and let them speak for themselves as to what
was said and what was done in those days of passion, preju-
dice, and excitement.
On the 30th of July General Morgan and a number of his
officers were brought to the Ohio penitentiary. They were
treated with the most shameful indignity. Their heads were
shaved, their beards and moustaches were cut off, and nothing
separated them from the fate of the felons in the Ohio peni-
tentiary except they were not compelled to wear striped
clothes. General Morgan during his operations from 1861-63
had captured many thousands of prisoners, a large number
from the State of Ohio; and I defy any one of these men,
except in isolated instances, to mention a single act either of
discourtesy or unkindness on the part of the soldiers com-
posing General Morgan's command to any prisoner. At
Hartsville, Term., in December, 1862. Morgan's men had cap-
tured an entire regiment, the 104th Ohio: and so considerate
were the cavalrymen of General Morgan's command, under
fire from the pursuing forces, that a large majority of the
prisoners were carried across the Cumberland River behind
the Confederates, and this prevented them from fording the
stream.
Gen. George Stoneman was active as a cavalry officer. He
made many isaids. When, early in the war, he was directed to
lead an expedition toward Richmond, Va. (April 29 to May
7, 1863), he did not deal with a gloved hand. He destroyed
property, confiscated horses and food, burned railroad bridges
Qorjfederat^ Ueterar).
349
and mills, and used every power at his command to deplete
the communities through which he passed and to cripple the
Confederate government. General Pettigrew said : "He pro-
ceeded to Hanover Courthouse, burned property, etc.. May 4,
1863. From April 27 to May 13 thirty-live hundred men were
with Stoneman." General Stoneman, in his report of May
13, says : "To the pecuniary loss and destruction of the
bridges over rivers, railroads, telegraphs, canals, wagons, and
railroad trains, public property of all kinds, horses and mules
captured and those brought out by escaped slaves, corn, meal.
and bacon consumed by animals and men, etc., there must be
added the money value of four hundred and fifty negroes who
came out of the country with the various parties. Several
thousand more would have obtained their freedom through
us could they have procured the means of transportation."
Stoneman did in the South just what Morgan did in Ohio,
only Morgan did it in a less degree. Nobody ever thought
in the South of putting the officers and men who were cap-
tured with Stoneman, Grierson, McCook, or Buford's forces
111 tin penitentiary or treating them with indignity or inflict-
ing on them needless humiliation. From July 27 to August 6,
when Stoneman made his raid through Georgia in his < it rl
to reach Andersonville, he was captured on the 30th of July,
1864, at Clinton. Ga.. and a large proportion of his troops
became prisoners of war. The numbers were largely aug-
mented by tin rapture of Jug Tavern a few days later by
a detachment of General Morgan's troops under Col. W. C,
P. Breckinridge.
Nobody suggested putting General Stoneman in the peniten-
tiary or subjecting him to the indignities that were heaped
upon Morgan and his men. General Stoneman himself, in his
report to the commander in chief of the Federal army, said:
"I consented to be taken prisoner of war. and as such our
treatment has been everything that we could expect."
On Grierson's raid to Raton Rouge. La., April 17 to May
2, 1S03. he left La Grange. Term., seventeen hundred strong.
April 17. 1863. Gen. Benjamin Grierson had marched, ac-
cording to his reports, six hundred miles. He destroyed all
the property of every kind he could. He had gone through
Tennessee. Mississippi, and Louisiana. Not a single soldier
or civilian in the South advised placing the captured soldiers
of Grierson's command in the penitential") or heaping upon
them any personal indignity.
In Missouri, where the bitterness and fierceness was not
exceeded in any other portion of the Confederacy, nobody
advised the incarceration in the penitentiary of Shelby's men
or Marmaduke's men; nor, in turn, did the Confederates who
captured numbers of Federal soldiers in Arkansas think of
consigning these men to felon cells.
I recall that at Lexington, Ky.. in October, 1862, quite a
proportion of the 4th Ohio Cavalry were made prisoners by
Morgan's command, and at Mount Sterling in 1S63 Cluke cap-
tured numbers of the 45th Ohio. T do not believe any of
these captives could truthfully say that, except in very rare
instances, aught was said or d( ne that was other than cour-
teous or polite.
It remains a distinguishing feature of Ohio's bitterness
toward Morgan and his men that they were subjected to
shameful and unparalleled indignities.
\>. 1 said before, we are enabled now to place the responsi-
bility where it properly belongs. Originated by Gen. H, \Y.
Halleck. it was approved by Gov. David Tod and Gen. A.
E. Burnside and also General Hoffman, who had charge of
war prisoners on the Federal side. There were possibly
reasons at the time for this, which were not given. Outside of
the border States. Indiana and Ohio were the first States to
be invaded by Confederate cavalry forces. Stuart's raid to
Chambersburg lasted only four days, but such of Stuart's
men as were captured were treated as prisoners of war, and
none of them were consigned to a felon's cell. The truth
is, the Federal authorities desired to terrorize men for making
cavalry raids into States like Indiana and Ohio, and for this
reason Morgan's men were treated cruelly and brutally and
inhumanly.
It may have sounded well in 1803. when passion and preju-
dice were at flood tide; hut when you review it in 1016. fifty-
three years afterwards, it reflects discredit on all who were
concerned with this unjustifiable transaction.
Much of the bitterness between the North and South during
and since the war grew out of the treatment of prisoners.
It suited the purposes of the "bloody shirt" element to exag-
gerate every possible circumstance in order to embitter the
people of the North against the people of the South. No stone
was left unturned to accomplish this ignoble purpose. It
was not to remedy any conditions. These had long taken
care of themselves; and no abuse, vilification, or denuncia-
tion of the Southern people and their armies cquld accom-
plish anything but to engender sectional hate and serve as a
political asset to give the party then in power lengthened
control of the government. Pictures were taken of the prison-
ers sent forward for exchange by the Confederates, and men
actually reveled in the charges of cruelty at Andersonville,
I.ihhy. Raleigh, and Milieu. These men who were using the
gruesome photographs for their selfish ends took great care
to have no photographs taken of the prisoners of the North
brought to the South from Elmira, Rock Island, Camp Doug-
las, Camp Morton, Fort Delaware, and Point Lookout. El-
mira and Rock Island were veritable "hell holes" and were
worse than Andersonville. as shown by the records of sick-
ness and death. There is one answer the South can make
which shatters into fragments all these libels and slanders
and completely vindicates the Confederacy and its people
from these unwarranted falsehoods. It must not be for-
gotten that in all the days of the war Southern ports were
blockaded. Quinine, chloroform, and all other medicines
were contraband, and there was at all times in the Southland
a great scarcity of these essentials in both surgery and medi-
cine. Food was scarce, and many of the people and soldiers
of the Confederacy often wanted for the necessaries of life.
In the North there was no lack of any of these things. It
was a land of plenty and abundance, as against scarcity and
want in the South.
The following telegrams show the cause and source of this
indefensible treatment of General Morgan's men. The ex-
cuse about mistreatment of Streight was both false and in-
sincere. At the very moment these pleae of justification
were being penned. Streight had $3.33 a day to supply his
table and was living upon the best that beleaguered Richmond
could produce :
"\Y \shington, July 28, 1863.
"Maj. A. E. Burnside: The general in chief directs that
General Morgan and the officers captured with his command
be sent to the C°lumbus penitentiary. If it cannot receive
them all, send the excess to the most convenient penitentiary
in Ohio. W. Hoffman.
Commissary General of Prisoners."
350
Qoi?federat<^ l/eterai).
"August 3, 1863.
"General Mason, Camp C/iase'. CoTumbus: I do not think it
advisable against their own will to trim the hair or shave
the beard of the officers who arrived from Johnson's Island
to be confined in the Ohio penitentiary.
A. E. Burnside, Major General."
"Cincinnati, July 27. 1863.
"Governor Tod: Genera! Halleck wants all of Morgan's
officers put in the penitentiary of your State. What is your
opinion, and have you room ?
A. E. Burnside, Major General."
"Columbus, July 27, 1863.
"Major General Burnside, Cincinnati, Ohio: I approve of
General Halleck's suggestion to confine Morgan and his prin-
cipal officers in the Ohio penitentiary. We have room for
about thirty. David Tod, Governor."
"Headquarters of the Army, Washington. D. C,
July 27, 1863.
"Brig. Gen. S. A. Meredith, Fort Monroe — General: You
will please inform Mr. Ould, agent for exchange of prison-
ers, that Gen. John H. Morgan and his officers will be placed
in close confinement and held as hostages for the members
of Colonel Streight's command who have not been delivered
in compliance with the conditions of the cartel.
"Very respectfully your obedient servant,
H. W. Halleck, General in Chief."
"Confederate States of America, War Department,
Richmond, August i, 1863.
"Brigadier General Meredith, Agent of Exchange: Colonel
Streight's command is treated exactly as are the other of-
ficers held in captivity by us. What that treatment is you
can find from any conscientious officer who has lately been
confined in the Libby. You will hear no complaint from me
or from the Confederate authorities so long as our officers
receive the treatment which yours do here.
"Respectfully your obedient servant.
Ro. Ould, Agent of Exchange."
Quotation from Gen. John H. Morgan's letter dated Ohio
Penitentiary, Columbus, Ohio, November 9, 1863 :
"Hon E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War: We were sub-
jected to the same treatment which convicts usually undergo
upon entering the institution. Our beards were shaved, our
hair closely trimmed, our persons bathed, and we were notified
that we were expected to conform to the strict discipline of
the prison. How vigoriously it has been enforced will ap-
pear in the fact that two of my officers have been confined in
the dungeon — twenty-four hours *n one instance and forty in
the other — upon suspicion of any offense unknown to the regu-
lations of any military prison or any system of military law.
John H. Morgan, Brigadier General, C. S. A."
Gen. B. F. Butler in his report says : "I have felt it my
duty to give an account with this particular carefulness of
my participation in the business of exchange of prisoners,
the orders under which I acted, and the negotiations at-
tempted, which comprises a faithful narrative of all that was
done, so that all may become a matter of history. The great
importance of the questions; the fearful responsibility for the
many thousands of lives which, by the refusal to exchange,
were sacrificed by the most cruel forms of death from cold,
starvation, and pestilence of the prison pens of Raleigh and
Andersonville, being more than all the British soldiers killed
in the wars of Napoleon ; the anxiety of fathers, brothers, sis-
ters, mothers, wives to know the exigency which caused this
terrible and perhaps, as it may have seemed to them, useless
and unnecessary destruction of those dear to them by horrible
deaths — each and all have compelled me to this exposition, so
that it may be seen that those lives were spent as a part of
the system of attack upon the rebellion, devised by the wis-
dom of the general in chief of the armies, to destroy it by
depletion, depending upon our superior numbers to win the
victory at last. The loyal mourners will doubtless derive
solace from this fact and appreciate all the more highly the
genius which conceived the plan and the success won at so
great a cost."
Fair-minded and honest men do not expect that prisoners
of war should carry dress suits and kid gloves and sleep on
feather beds. They are entitled, however, to be reasonably
fed, clothed, and kept warm. They are not expected to re-
ceive luxuries except at their own cost. In the face of all
these difficult conditions the truth of history has come to
light, and the reports of Federal officers show that in the
North twelve per cent of the Confederate prisoners died, and
in the South of Federal prisoners only nine per cent died.
Argument, abuse, and vilification cannot change these figures.
They show that the South was far more humane and just
to Federal prisoners than the North was to Confederate
prisoners.
Encyclopedias, histories, and textbooks have been filled
with these libels against the Confederate government and the
men of the South concerning the mistreatment of these prison-
ers. It is wonderful that more Federal prisoners did not die
in Confederate prisons than the records show. The Federal
government could have furnished surgeons and could have
furnished supplies, but it did not. The truth is that if there
was suffering in Southern prisons where Federal prisoners
were confined it was the result of the policy of General Grant,
who felt that, it was better to allow Northern prisoners in
the Southern States to die rather than to exchange them for the
men in Northern prisons; that while it looked inhuman and
brutal, yet justice to the soldiers who carried the guns and
who were in the ranks required this sacrifice of the men who
were held as prisoners in the South. So it was not the in-
humanity or cruelty or barbarity of the Southern people or
of the Southern government, but a deliberate purpose of the
United States and its officers declining exchange during a
great period of the war, because, as General Grant said, all
Confederate prisoners in the Northern prisons were as dead
men, and it was wiser and more merciful to hold them and
allow the Federals who were confined in Southern prisons
to die. He viewed it only as a question of economics. If
this was his view, if this was his judgment as commander
of the armies of the United States, let history take it as it
stands. General Grant took the responsibility then, and it is
not unfair to ask that the responsibility be placed on him and
his officers now ; and this effort to blame the Southern peo-
ple and the Confederate government is ungenerous, unjusti-
fied, and absolutely false.
There are three things that a large proportion of the men
of the Southern armies do not propose to ignore. First, the
great wrong that was done to Jefferson Davis by his long
confinement in Fortress Monroe and by the cruel and brutal
order of General Miles to place in irons the feeble and ema-
ciated President of the Confederate States when he was in
a casement where escape was impossible and where no thought
of rescue could ever come. Nervous, excitable, worn with
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
351
■mental distarbances which would almost destroy reason, with
strong arms he was thrown upon his bed and shackled, and
lie wore these shackles for five days under the order of Gen.
Nelson A. Miles. Public indignation reached such a stage
■that persistence in this brutal and inhuman course brought
down upon its authors the condemnation of a large majority
of the people of the North, who at that period hated the peo-
ple of the South because of the conditions which had been
brought about by the war. The second is the indignity and
humiliation which were forced upon Morgan and his officers
in the Ohio penitentiary. The excuse for this in the light
of the facts now revealed by official reports is piteous and
puerile. The third is the effort to fasten upon the Confed-
erate government and the people of the South the charge that
they willfully and deliberately inflicted needless suffering upon
the Northern soldiers held as prisoners of war.
Time has vindicated the men and women of the South ;
and these things are not said to-day to stir up passion or
prejudice, but to put the cold, sharp facts of history before
the people of this country, and particularly before the people
of the North, and to let them know where the blame should
be placed and to whom blame belongs, where suffering and
death ensued to men who were held in confinement as prison-
ers of war. To the Southern people it is one of the most
satisfying things of all the war's history that the Northern
prisoners in the South were treated more kindly and suffered
a smaller percentage of mortality than the Confederate prison-
ers who were confined in federal prisons.
After the war. when it was fashionable to shake the bloody
flag and cry "Treason I" it was popular to denounce and
vilify the South for its treatment of prisoners during the
war. The fact is that as large a percentage of Southern
prisoners died at Elmira as Federals at Andersonville. There
never was a time when Federal prisoners in the South did not
receive the same rations as the men who were fighting in the
front and in the trenches. The Federal army had behind it
unlimited resources, not only of food, but of clothing, sup-
plies, and medicines; while the South, blockaded and cut off
from the world, had to rely on herbs and home remedies
for the treatment of much of the disease that followed in the
wake of the Confederate armies.
It took a long while to get at the truth which has verified
these statements that I have made; but it finally turned out
that a report coming from the United States surgeon gen-
eral's office demonstrated that twelve per cent of all Confed-
erate prisoners died, while only nine per cent of Federal
prisoners in Southern prisons died. No amount of argument
can dispute these facts. It took thirty years to get the neces-
sary data upon which to base this vindication of the South,
and no well-informed man can deny these statements.
Ohio stands alone in the mistreatment of Morgan's men.
Indiana pursued no such merciless, brutal course as was pur-
sued in the Ohio penitentiary. Pennsylvania, while holding
Morgan's officers in the Pennsylvania penitentiary at Pitts-
burgh, did not subject them to the indignities which were
meted only to convicts. West Virginia measured no such
treatment to these brave and gallant men whose courage and
valor on battle fields made them heroes. It seems now that
Gen. H. W. Hallcck was responsible for this brutal and
shameful treatment of General Morgan and his officers.
David Tod. then Governor, acquiesced ; General Burnside
acquiesced ; but. so far as I can read history, to General Hal-
leck belongs the blame of this military outrage.
It was claimed by General llalleck that the treatment of
Morgan and his men was due to the injustice which the Con-
federate authorities had done to Col. A. D. Streight, who had
been caught by General Forrest near Gadsden, Ala., May 3,
1863. It was claimed that Colonel Streight had been put in
the Georgia penitentiary, which turned out to be a mere fic-
tion, and there was no justification for such an allegation.
Streight and his men were confined at Libby Prison, in
Richmond, and were given reasonable privileges, all that
prisoners could ask. Streight complained of the rations fur-
nished him and his men, and thereupon the Confederate gov-
ernment allowed Colonel Streight the use of one hundred
dollars a month out of his own funds to supply himself such
things as he thought necessary in his condition. No such
treatment was accorded Morgan and his men. At times they
were denied necessary clothing and were put in damp, dark,
cold, desolate, freezing dungeons and subjected to punish-
ments that had neither parallel nor justification in the his-
tory of war.
Some of Morgan's men sleep in this cemetery, and 1
sidcr that 1 am not violating the proprieties of the occasion
when I come here to recount these great wrongs. My pur
pose is not to arouse any antagonisms nor to create bitterness.
The cold, clear facts of history ought never to be distaste-
ful to any people. Truth cannot hurt any cause or any man.
No patriotic or well-thinking man justifies the horrors of
Reconstruction. The outrages perpetrated by carpetbaggers.
scalawags, and negro freemen upon the people of the South
has long since been recognized by just and thinking men as a
sad and baneful Story and the result of war's passion, preju-
dice, and bloodthirstiness.
We all love and revere General Grant, son of Ohio, for the
manly and courageous course he took when Andrew Johnson
was threatening to punish General Lee and his officers, and
no one doubts that General Grant would have kept his word
and unsheathed his sword and used the forces under his
command to prevent the violation of the parole he had given
Lee and Joseph E. Johnston and the Confederates east of the
Mississippi. However much we may feel these wrongs that
were done Morgan and his men. we are disposed to recall
gratefully to mind the greatness of Gen. U. S. Grant in this
crucial hour of trial (he saved the United States from a
guerrilla war and possibly the South from extermination),
and that other great man from Ohio, whose memory the South
loves and appreciates, the magnificent William McKinley, who
at Atlanta permitted a little girl to pin a Confederate badge
on his bosom and who recommended the marking of Con-
federate graves in the cemeteries north of the Ohio River.
Some one may say. Why revert to these things now?
Fifty-one years have passed since the struggle ended, and
why reopen these matters which have a tendency to renew
asperities and bitterness? My answer is this: Although on
Ohio soil, I am standing among Confederate graves. These
men were here against their will, captives by the vicissitudes
and misfortunes of war. Some of them died of neglect,
others because the Federal government resolved that the
prisoners in the South should die victims of disease rather
than relieve their sufferings by exchanging the Confederate
prisoners and thus allow them to take up arms again in de-
fense of their country's liberty. Their bodies have long since
crumbled to dust ; there is nothing left of those heroes but
the memories of their achievements and their valor. We do
not know the names of hundreds of men who died in Federal
prisons, but we do know that most all of them were brave,
loyal to their country, and that all of them were offered their
35?
Qopfederat^ Veterai).
liberty if they would lake the oath of allegiance to the United
States. They spurned the offer and died victims of disease
and mistreatment and want rather than prove false to their
native land.
In my own personal recollection of these brave and fear-
less men who thus died on a question of honor and loyalty,
hundreds of them day by day saw the force and power of
life's current decrease. They listened to their heart strokes
and by their murmur well understood that their vitality was,
moment by moment, lessening. They counted their pulse beats
and realized that the end was approaching. They looked
into the small hand glasses and saw in their features the
emaciation and pallor that precede dissolution. They knew
very well that their resistance to the powers of disease was
rapidly depreciating. They gazed at their wasted hands, and
these told them that they were losing their energy and their
strength, and their blood was losing its vigor ; that if no re-
lief came quickly they must perish. Gangrene, dysentery,
smallpox, fevers, malaria stalked within the prison walls and
were striking men down by the scores. They saw their dead
associates hour by hour carried out to sad and hurried burial.
Day by day they could read the proclamations published
and posted on the walls of the miserable and cheerless abodes
their captors had assigned them, and the agents of the gov-
ernment made constant declaration that if they would for-
swear allegiance to the cause of the Southland the doors of
the prisons would swing wide open, and they might go forth
as freemen to breathe the life-giving air outside the wretched
hovels in which they were forced to remain, and they might
without restraint visit their homes and friends and take up
anew their daily vocations. To these were often added the
pleadings of friends and relatives urging them to leave these
prisons where death walked with riotous fierceness and have
the comforts and peace of their firesides. Thousands spurned
these offers and temptations; and, my friends, they died
rather than accept their liberty bought at the price of their
honor and integrity.
We call those men heroes who meet without fear the shock
of battle, who in the midst of cheers, with hearts quickened
by the glow of chivalry and moved by the companionship of
associates, charge batteries and rush to death in the whirl
and excitement of conflict. Men in scenes like this die with-
out a quiver of soul or a tremor of nerve, and we shout our-
selves hoarse in applauding their heroism, and well we may.
But, men and women, what about the inmates of these loath-
some prisons who. with liberty extended to them in the midst
of plague and desolation, shut out from the necessities of life
and the appliances of medical and surgical skill, in filthy hos-
pitals on beds of straw, with the groans of their beloved com-
rades in crowded hospitals sounding to them as they passed
from life to death, are struck down by the assaults of disease?
What, I ask, of these men who steadily and courageously re-
fused liberty and preferred to die with an unbroken loyalty
and devotion to the cause for which they stood rather than
accept freedom upon other than honorable terms? I ask,
Where do these men stand in the records of the brave and
true?
Noble, thrice noble, martyrs, heroes of heroes ! Truest of
the true, these men of the South are crowned with imperish-
able wreaths of glory and honor. Their people grant only
to them the highest place in the niche where are placed in
grateful remembrance the heroes who magnified Southern
manhood and patriotism.
The French have what they call esprit de corps — the spirit
of the army — that which makes the French soldier proud of
his uniform and valiant in the day of battle. The esprit de
corps of a race is that which makes a people proud of the
blood which courses through its veins. The esprit de corps
of a nation is patriotism, that which makes its citizens proud
of flag and country. The esprit de corps of an individual is
personal honor, that which makes him respect himself and
cherish his own good name. The esprit de corps of these
Confederates who sleep in Ohio's bosom was patriotism to
the South, loyalty to the States of which they were citizens,
fidelity to the people of their own blood, and devotion to the
cause which they thought was right. They were faithful unto
death, and the South lays a white flower upon the graves
where they sleep and bemoans the fate that forced these
heroes to die far from their homes and bereft of the tender
ministrations of those they loved, to find their burial places
amid such sad and sorrowful scenes. There may be some
here who have no sympathy for the cause for which these
men sleep; but Heaven promises a crown of life to him who
is faithful unto death.
Amid these exercises the men and women of the South
always speak one name with tender reverence and admiration,
that of Col. W. H. Knauss, of this city. We call him great
and good, with his patriotic heart overleaping all the preju-
dices and passions of war and inaugurating the decoration of
these once neglected graves and pleading for a wider and
broader spirit and for writing over their dust the magic
word "Americans." There is no place in all the Southland
where the name of Colonel Knauss does not evoke the affec-
tionate remembrance of its people.
FLOWERS ON CONFEDERATE GRAVES.
Scatter the fragrant blossoms.
Bathed in a people's tears,
Over the graves where heroes
Sleep through the lapsing years.
Tenderly strew the roses
Over each warrior's bed —
Roses of white and crimson
Over the Southern dead,
Who for their people's freedom
Fearlessly fought and died ;
Roses of white and crimson,
Tokens of love and pride —
Love for their grand devotion,
Pride in their knightly deeds,
As through a past of glory
Reverent memory leads.
And to your silent legions
Go not subdued and bowed,
But with the souls of freemen,
Standing erect and proud.
Scatter the snowy roses,
Scatter the roses red,
Where, till the final trumpet,
Slumber the Southern dead.
— Hoivard Morton, in Army and Navy Magazine.
Qotjfederat^ l/eterai}.
353
THE BLACK SHADOW OF THE SIXTIES.
by finlev p. curtis, jr., butler, ten x
Foreword.
If this memoir of my father's life during the War between
the States, which, obedient to his will, I herewith humbly set
forth, shall receive naught save his commendation and the
reader's approbation for truth and accuracy and interest, then
its aim will have been accomplished. Fact is both the foun-
dation and structure of the memoir, it having been compiled
from the diary and the unimpaired memory of my father. It
is fervently hoped that the understanding hearts of many other
"old veterans" may be responsive. T therefore submit it
herewith, believing that if it shall even so slightly aid in the
perpetuation of grateful memory and the spirit of the cause,
if it shall add a lost word to history or awaken a profoundcr
love for liberty, if it shall speak truth and furnish wholesome
enjoyment for other souls, then, I believe, none may pro-
nounce it in vain.
FINLEY P. CURTIS, SR., COMPANY B, FIRST REGIMENT, NORTH
CAROLINA INFANTRY.
The low, ominous rumbling of the impending struggle had
reached the vicinity of my home sometime in i860; but, being
young and occupied in other things, I scarcely noticed it.
Perhaps I considered the prevalent talk of war as mere idle
gossip, for youth laughs at misfortune. At birth it was a
subdued, uncertain whisper which chilled receptive hearts
with evil foreboding; a customary sullen lapse of the grad-
ually dying rumor; then with the suddenness of a volcanic
storm rang the sinister declaration of war. the marshaling of
hostile hosts, the reverberating erasli of cannon roar, a
smoke-blackened sky — war !
So suddenly had the black storm gathered and burst that
it paralyzed the senses with sheer unexpectedness It would
be an interesting psvchological study to analyze the various
8**
complicated or concentrated emotions thus occasioned in the
human mind. Indifferent as 1 was to the whispered rumor
of war, its sudden appearance had not frightened but over-
powered me with apathy, numbing feeling and forbidding
clear judgment. Wherefore, then, did so many noble sons of
the South sacrifice their young bodies to the cruel god of
war? What siren voice lured them thither? Why did they
go? There is no true answer I dimly felt that I must go
and preferred to volunteer rather than be conscripted. This
I did on May I, 1861. Who shall say more?
To the company which was immediately organized in the
town of Wilkesboro, composed of the entire county's best
citizens whose average weight was one hundred and fifty
pounds and whose height was six feet, I joined myself. For
our captain we selected Sidney Stokes, a wealthy farmer of
Wilkesboro; for major, J. B. Gordon, a prominent merchant.
cool, quiet, bold; for lieutenant. H. A. Brown, a proficient
young cadet late from Annapolis Military Academy. We
pitched camp about half a mile from Wilkesboro fo\cr one
hundred strong), where for a month we drilled and were
11. lined for regular service .n the front. Preparation for de-
parture was hurriedly made Oilcloths cut square with straps
attached were substitutes for knapsacks. Some of the men
wei furnished with blankets; others took blankets or bed
covers from their respective homes. The good, industrious
ladies of the entire county convened and made blouse uni-
forms for their brave sons, brothers, fathers, and husbands.
Finally, on the last of May, being ready for the march, we
departed, amid final caresses, tearful farewells, and earnest
prayers, for Statesville, N. C, the nearest railway station.
And that was the saddest and most cruel blow of the war —
departure.
After a two days' march we arrived at Statesville. wdience
we were transported by rail to Warrenton, N. C. There we
remained for quite a while; in short, the slow ingathering of
the essential ten companies, the election of officers, the dis-
tribution of war munitions, the drill, and complete organiza-
tion of the regiment required about three months. Sidney
Stokes, captain of Company B, of the 1st North Carolina In-
fantry, was promoted to general; Gordon, elected temporary
captain of Company B, was promoted to general over a cav-
alry brigade; 1 teut 11 A. Brown was raised to captain, as-
suming the place of General Gordon. We were drilled in
regular army fashion by Marcks, a German drillmasrer, and
were frequently ordered to march in double-quick time around
a near-by race track, which was approximately a mile in cir-
cumference. Many of the soldiers, however, exhausted by
the rapidity of the march, were unable to circumscribe it; but
I never failed to maintain the lead, since in my youth I had
been accustomed to running that distance every day to and
from school. Inspection of arms and troops was frequent
ami drill somewhat strenuous, but during intervals the men
enjoyed sport of various kinds.
In the fall of 1861 we were commanded to move through
Richmond on to or near Fredericksburg. Company B was
detached from the regiment and stationed at the termination
of \ quia Creek to blockade the Potomac River in a triangu-
lar section formed by the junction of the two watercourses.
Here we erected a species of semicircular fortifications, whose
exterior perpendicular wall consisted of several tiers of cut-
and-hauled sod and the interior of an almost impenetrable
embankment of earth secured from within. Three or four
cannons were placed at proportional distances along the
breastworks, one of which, mounted and heavily rifled, car-
354
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
ried a hundred-pound shell for a space of five miles ; the
others were less powerful. Behind the barricade groups of
from eight to twelve soldiers constructed several durable
houses of hewn logs and daubed the chinks with mud. The
house I helped to build was a two-story building covered with
shingles. Unwittingly we were preparing for comfortable
hibernation. Behind all, on the crest of the mountain, two
more formidable-looking but much-battered guns menaced the
Potomac's waves below.
Thus sheltered, came the winter of 1861 with his roaring
icy blasts, heavy snows, and solid ice. Truly, although uncon-
sciously, we had prepared tor his coming; and well, for it
was a veritable reign of misery. So thickly was the mouth of
Acquia Creek congealed with ice that a spring on the nether
bank, four hundred yards away, became our constant water
source. Once during neap tide, despite the entrance of a rail-
road into this section, we were for twelve days completely
encompassed by water and marooned without paths of egress.
And it was while Acquia Creek was so densely frozen over
that a Yankee vessel loaded with hay sought to force a pas-
sage up the Potomac River. Our big mounted, heavily rifled
cannon boomed a hostile warning. Its shrieking shell pierced
the tons of hay just above the fatal water line, and the shell
from the vessel exploded above our heads with a deafening
roar. Dozens of pieces were afterwards picked up from the
ice. Apparently no mutual damage was effected by either
shot, since none of us was harmed, and the ship passed quickly
from sight. Nevertheless, being a diversion from inertia, the
episode served to lend some enthusiasm to the soldiers.
The midwinter silence was again broken when, in the small
hours of a piercingly cold night, lashed by furious icy winds.
I trod the lonely sentinel beat to and fro along the shadowy
wharf that far overhung the dank waters of the Potomac. It
was an awful night. The blackness of a subterranean dun-
geon enveloped the sky ; the angry tides of the still blacker
river roared and fought with the trestles beneath me ; the
blasts shrieked in their mad effort to freeze the blood in my
veins — a combination of demons to quake the bravest heart.
Suddenly was borne to my ears on the boisterous wings of
the wind the muffled dip, dip, r-r-i-p, r-r-i-p, swish, swish of
oars. This extraordinary sound at so unusual an hour of
night, in the sharp teeth of such a noisy gale, astounded me
with its mere singularity, out-of-placeness. It was no illusion,
although I could not pierce the impenetrable blackness. The
sound came closer, louder, more distinct. I shouted in a
loud voice for the corporal guard, who came running ex-
citedly to the wharf and demanded what was the matter. I
reported what I had heard, and not until he himself had heard
the noise of oars did he cease his murmurings of incredulity
and braggart disgust. Then quite suddenly he became still,
and his knees knocked together in fear. Perhaps the Yankees
were landing!
Dawn revealed the mystery. A ship steamed up the Po-
tomac and stood waiting. A boat pulled off from the island
with one lone occupant and made toward the vessel. It was
our negro cook, Sneade, who during the night had stolen a
boat and concealed himself behind the island to await the
prearranged coming of the Yankee vessel. We fired our big
cannon at it ; but the tampion having been left in the barrel,
a loud and dangerous explosion resulted, not in the wreck of
the ship, but almost in the annihilation of our own men. Be-
fore we could load and fire again, the Yankees had received
the deserter and steamed away.
Thus tnded the winter of 1861, and thus the black shadow
merged into a blacker reality — war.
The advent of spring, 1862, found us still in winter quarters
it the mouth of Acquia Creek ; and now the armies of the
North and South awoke, as it were, from their winter sleep
to renew military activity. But, as if to forbid them, the rains
of Orion and the ceaseless melting of ice rendered the roads
so impassably muddy that frequently eighteen yoke of cattle
were needed to draw one cannon. Rain and mud, however, do
not daunt war; the soldier knows this. And hence without
.my surprise about the 25th of March we received orders to
evacuate our fortification at the mouth of Acquia Creek and
join the regiment near Fredericksburg, since the Yankees
were landing at Ivinsport, ten miles above us. Next day we
returned to our regiment and were ordered to Goldsboro, N.
C. Leaving Fredericksburg on the 24th, we reached Golds-
boro, after a severe journey, on the 25th. In a cold, drench-
ing rain and without tents we made, or rather attempted to
make. camp. And what a night ! Never shall I forget the
uncomfortable misery we suffered, standing, sitting, or lying,
wet to the skin, around our fires in the damp smoke and
chilling rain. Fortunately, the vicinity produced an abundance
of rich pine, and we did at least partake of its unused warmth.
We were very much relieved, therefore, on the 29th to
obtain our tents. Thus provided, we marched two or three
miles, pitched camp in proper military fashion, built good
fires, swept off the yard, and adjusted things comfortably.
Imagine the difference in feeling. Here we discarded our old
guns for new Enfield rifles, which I helped to unload at
Goldsboro. These guns were muzzle-loaders, being charged
by biting off the end of the specially manufactured paper
cartridges and inserting both the powder and ounce ball into
the barrel. The charge was then tamped tightly with a ram-
rod. It was a great improvement over the old guns, many
of which had presumably been altered from flint and steel to
percussion, and we were proud possessors. We thought we
could "lick" the entire Federal army. Our new Enfield rifles
were also provided with bayonets ; mine I kept razor-keen and
could easily at a single stroke fell a small sapling. We re-
mained here for two months, drilling, cooking, etc. ; but, being
in an unsanitary section, many of the soldiers became sick
and were allowed furloughs to visit their homes.
Near the last of May we were ordered back to Virginia.
And that was a memorably rough march, for we were forced
to travel through continual rain, with hunger-cramped stom-
achs, in jolting box cars or on rocking, roaring flats. After
a seeming age of such miserable transportation, we reached
our destination and pitched camp about half a mile from
Petersburg. Here we passed one night and day ordering
blankets, constructing bunks, and arranging things in general.
But just as we had completed the making of our camp we
were ordered back to Weldon. Such is one of the cruel tricks
of war. However, there was no alternative; so we lowered
and packed our tents, gathered our necessities, and loaded
them on the train. But once more fickle fortune betrayed us.
Iii the very act of departure the order was countermanded;
and so, like puppets of inexorable fate, we returned to our
old camp and repeated all our labor — this in a torrent of rain.
Our crackers became soaked with water, and, rendered thus
unpalatable, we emptied them upon the ground with the fatal
result that on the morrow we found several fine cows dead
and swollen almost to the point of rupture from having eaten
the rain-soaked crackers. Thus ended the hither-thither se-
vere tramping of the month of May. 1862.
Qoqfederat^ l/eterat).
355
The first of June bore insistent rumors of desperate light-
ing at Richmond. Immediately we were ordered to the scene
of action, and while marching toward the battle field proper
through rain, mud, and water knee-deep night fell, and we
were forced to stand picket duty till dawn in that dismal,
soggy swamp at Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks. Never did I
spend such a night of restless misery. The monotonous, sick-
ening suction of swampy earth, now standing on one foot, now
slowly sinking on the other, nauseated me. I was chilled to
the bone, and on the next day I could scarcely be on duty;
yet, like an automaton, I forged along. Then quite suddenly
I found myself in the delirious throes of typhoid fever and
tossed four or five weeks on a hard camp bunk ere I was sent
to Camp Winder Hospital. During my sickness my brother
Judson was wounded in the arm at Malvern Hill, father's old
friend. J. C. Spafnhour, died of typhoid fever, and the Con-
federates won a great victory over McClellan's forces below
Richmond.
During my confinement of fourteen days in the hospital
father visited me: then he visited the regiment on the battle
field, seeing many of his friends and returning at night with my
brother Larkin. We were all very thankful that we were
again permitted to be together, for the soldier can never
promise to return alive from war. On the nth of August
father procured .. furlough for me. ami 1 accompanied him
home. O it was good t" be home again, joy to see mother
and sisters once more! 1 was happily lost in the sweet,
peaceful silence of the did North State's mountains, away
from tin away from the deafening roar of
cannon. 1 wenl to war a thoughtless, impetuous youth; I was
now a ■ i. oldier in arms, beginning to realize the sig-
nificance of the great conflict.
But 1 was not now my own master, ami so with much re-
gret I started back to the army about the last of September,
accompanied by Col. H. A. Brown, Arriving at Richmond
after a weary journey, we found that the army had gone to
Winchester, Va. Traveling by way of Staunton, thence one
hundred miles down the Virginia Tike, tired, footsore from
the long, rough trip, we at last found our regiment ten miles
cast of Winchester.
On the 17th of October we received two days' rations, with
orders to march, But in the act of departure tin- ordei was
withdrawn, and we remained in camp there until the 25)
At the dawn of day on the 26th we left camp with directions
to destroy the railroad from Harper's Ferry to Winchester
All night we pursued the task of destruction, annihilating the
tracks, piling up huge heaps of crossties and firing them, car-
rying the heavy steel rails and casting them in the voracious
. then dragging them forth, white-hot at the center, and
bending them around stumps, thus rendering the rails useles
But almost ..s rapidlj as we destroyed the tracks the Yankees
replaced them. We were then ordered toward Manassas. Aft-
er a hard march of twelve miles, we camped near the Shenan-
doah River, cooked two days' rations, broke camp at seven
o'clock, and, after wading the river, crossed the Blue Ridge
Mountains a; Ashley's Gap, wdience we entered a little town
called Uppersville. There on November 2 we pitched camp,
Formed a line of battle, and witnessed an ineffective running
tight.
We recrossed the Rluc Ridge at another gap. marched till
midnight, built fires in a beautiful hickory grove, cooked two
days' rations, and departed silently at three o'clock, leaving
our bright burning tire', a ruse to delude the enemy. We
marched two miles, halted, formed a line of hittle, then
moved swiftly on to Front Royal. It was pinching cold, and
large flakes of snow were falling thickly ; but we waded the
river again and engaged the enemy in a sharp skirmish.
Several of them were killed or wounded in an attempt to
cross. Vividly do I remember the horror of that scene —
those mortally wounded Federals lying in a row with gaping
wounds in their heads — and thrice vividly the trembling hand
of the dying man who wiped the shattered brains from his
forehead. To the day of my death I shall see that hand mov-
ing slowly as if to frighten away a fly. so ghastly real. Al-
though we had no tents and deep snow covered the ground,
we remained there a few days longer.
On the oth we departed for Strasburg. camped one night,
turned back toward Winchester, and made camp with orders
to cook rations for two days. We then destroyed the rail-
road, as in the former raid, from Strasburg to Front Royal,
after which we spent several days in camp resting. On the
21st of November we left camp for Staunton, marched about
twenty-one miles, and camped at Woodstock, where Col. H.
A. Brown and I ate supper with distant relatives. So royally
were we treated that the din of war was forgotten. On the
next day we went up the valley to Newmarket and directed
our course toward Gordonsville. But before crossing Lir
Gap. whose distance over by the winding road was six!
miles, being destitute oi shoes, with the ground roughly frozen,
we were commanded to cut up green cowhides and tie the
hairy side around our feet. This was the latest novelty in
'wear; and hence, being the first exhibitors of the newest
"fad,'' wc were duly proud. Perhaps it may be interesting
to know thai, whereas some of the modern shoes are unen-
durable and adapted only to rug-clad floors, our novel "cow-
hides" were both comfortable and serviceable. Having crossed
the mountain, we forded Rapidan River and continued toward
Gordonsville. Then w-e turned abruptly in the direction of
Fredericksburg', camped, and moved on to Front Royal. The
distant roar of heavy cannonading reached our ears on Sun-
day. December 7. We rested on this day and received a lib-
eral supply of clothing, shoes, socks, etc. ; not, however, bc-
thcy were needed, for we were ragged and barefooted.
and it was growing cold. Here we intrenched ourselves in
temporary breastworks. To our right and left cannons
belched their incessant smoke and fire. The peculiar low-hang-
ing of the oppressive atmosphere and the wary, grim silence
of the intrenched soldiers mysteriously foreboded the coming
of a desperate conflict. Alas! too true was the strange prog-
nostication.
From the nth to the 14th of December large forces of both
Federals and Confederates had been gathering on the hills
and in the valleys in or near Fredericksburg, intrenching them-
selves, building earthworks, planting cannons, cooking, and
preparing for the forthcoming struggle for national su-
premacy. Great hostile guns boomed sullen and wrathful
from each antagonist. Before us would soon be enacted a
tragic reality, an epoch memorable in the annals of history,
which tin soldier instinct, the marshaling of troops, the tense
stillness ominously foretold the terrible battle of Fredericks-
burg. On the morning of the 14th the festering sore of war
erupted in a storm of death.
On the summit of Marye's Hill, which, approaching within
half a mile of the river, terminates in a rocky bluff overlook-
ing the city, was planted a Confederate battery; and behind
the stone fence (on the outer edge of the narrow road)
parallel with the river, crouched Cobb's Brigade, guns loaded,,
eyes glued along their burnished barrels, waiting, waiting
356
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai?.
silently for the incautious foe to spring the perfect death
trap. About one o'clock, after much hesitancy and urging,
the glittering armed hosts of Burnside, massed between river
and railroad, division behind division, artillery in front an
infantry in the rear, moved, awe-inspiring and imposing, in
a solid blue-clad human wall toward the cannon-planted hill.
The first forward move brought a storm of shot and shell
into their organized ranks. They were treading on forbidden
ground. But, wavering not, they surged on, on against a
molten sheet of hissing, shrieking lead ; on they surged across
the smooth stretch of land, closing their wide shell-rent wall of
blue ; and still on through a leaden hail they rushed till within
fifty yards of the stone fence, till within fifty yards of a wait-
ing hell, unwavering. Then suddenly, like the hideous noc-
turnal reanimation of a long-dormant volcano, with one su-
preme and simultaneous blaze of blinding light came from
behind the stone fence and from the rocky bluff a mingled
hell of sound and death, the thunderous roar of cannon blended
with myriad musket fire, the wild, weird, blood-congealing
Confederate yell, and a vast panel of Burnside's blue-clad
human wall sank swiftly, stricken to the earth. The grand
awfulness and horror of that destruction was ineffable.
Again and again that day Burnside's hosts stormed the in-
vincible Confederate hell of light and death, crouched waiting,
untiring behind the stone fence. Human power could not re-
sist it. Thousands and thousands of men were slain ; human
bodies, supine beneath the sun, fell heroic victims to an in-
visible foe. No man ever reached the stone fence; none
scaled the fortified bluff. And thus ended the horror of the
fourteenth day of December, 1862, a blow to the North, a
glory for the South, the immemorial battle of Fredericksburg.
On the 15th we left our temporary breastworks and moved
into the railroad trench in plain view of the enemy. That
evening they were allowed an hour's truce to bury their many
dead, but they did not finish their task. During the night the
army retreated across the river, and when dawn came we
captured a number of prisoners, among whom was an excellent
band. It was now midwinter and very cold, but we remained
here several days, drilling and doing picket duty.
Christmas came, quiet, cold, a lonesome lull of silence
after the great battle. Some of the regiments gave mock
drills and enjoyed sport of various kinds. Cakes, pies, and
apples were abundant, but at exorbitant prices — niceties
relished for sacrifice, the delicate irony of war. Near the last
of December we moved nearer the banks of the Rappahannock
River for more careful picket duty, where, being relieved
on New Year's Day by the 3d North Carolina Regiment, we
were detailed with a squad of eighty men to build earthworks
and prohibit the passage of th^ enemy. Here we passed several
uneventful days, serving on picket duty, completing our task
of fortification, drilling, etc.
On the 24th, being transferred to Jackson's old division.
Taliaferro's Brigade, we moved to another section, erected
shanties of poles, and went into winter quarters, barely in
time to escape a cold, heavy snowstorm. During our hiber-
nation there through the month of February snow often fell
twelve inches deep, and frequent squalls intensified the at-
mosphere. It was a winter month indeed. But, true to re-
ligious instincts and desires, each Sunday morning ere the
eleventh hour we had swept off the camp yard and were ready
to receive the gospel offered by our new chaplain, Rev. W
R. Gaultney.
Apparently the Prince of Peace was sole Monarch now in
our quiet winter quarters. Seemingly both war and the lust
of battle had vanished in the roaring gales. But not so. The
lust of battle was merely smothered for lack of hostile air,
for the soldier must perforce do battle at all opportunities.
Accordingly, when one of winter's fiercest blasts was rag-
ing and the blood cried out for exercise, a Virginia and
Louisiana regiment challenged the 1st and 3d North Carolina
Regiments for a snowball battle. We answered their chal-
lenge with a white hail of molded snow and received a like
volley of well-aimed missiles in reply. Then the battle waxed
hot, both combatants now charging, now retreating, molding,
receiving, hurling the glistening projectiles at the oncoming
enemy. Balls flew as dense as hail. It was dangerous, almost
as dangerous as a real conflict. Some of the soldiers threw
mud- frozen snow formed and left in the road by horses'
hoofs. Hardly a man escaped without injury, and many, hav-
ing been smitten in the eye, were borne to the rear in am-
bulances. We routed our antagonists, captured their colonels
and captains, their flags, cooking utensils, etc., chased them
through their camp, and carried their officers away on our
shoulders. We held the merited spoils until they sent a truce
flag to replevy them. A triumphant victory ! But, alas ! on
the morrow they avenged their outraged honor and ignomin-
ious defeat, conquering us with great slaughter and rapine,
bearing our officers victoriously away. O man, wilt ever have
thy fill of war?
The 1st of April brought general military activity. "Fight-
ing Joe" Hooker, having superseded Burnside, was located
north of Fredericksburg with an army thoroughly equipped
and disciplined, numbering about one hundred. and twenty-five
thousand men ; while Lee, lying in and around Fredericksburg,
had only about fifty-five thousand men. Another terrible bat-
tle was fought here, ending with disastrous results to the
Federals. Twice now had this battle ground proved fatal
to the Northern invaders ; so Hooker, acutely realizing this,
moved with the main body of his army up the Rappahanock,
crossed, and intrenched his large force around Chancellors-
ville. Lee, leaving nine thousand infantry to protect his
move, also marched toward Chancellorsville in pursuit of
Hooker. This seemed to be the predetermined scene of battle,
and instinctively the armies flocked thereto.
About the 1st of May the van of the two armies met, and
the Federals were driven back upon their main body in-
trenched around Chancellorsville. Lee, seeing that to storm
their position directly would occasion great loss of life,
ordered Jackson's Division to flank the enemy in the rear.
Accordingly, leaving Fredericksburg inconspicuously on the
next day, we marched in double-quick time up the "old plank
road," turned abruptly toward the river, and fell suddenly,
like a typhoonic wind, upon the unsuspecting enemy. So para-
lyzed with surprise were their pickets in the rear that they
did not even rise from over the steaming cooking utensils, but
surrendered without a sound. As we charged the forward-
faced battery a frightened gunner on the right wheeled his
ponderous cannon and fired hastily at us, only thirty yards
away, plunging toward its smoking mouth. The heavy charge
of grape and canister screamed and shrieked and whined with
a thousand hideous sounds above my head, but I halted not
until I leaned for support upon its heated barrel. Our sudden
attack had distracted them; and in a mad attempt to flee
men, horses, and cannon, becoming entangled in the dense
thickets of young trees, all were captured like entrapped rats.
And now, with the fury and suddenness of a cyclone, we
rushed upon the main line of battle, backs to us, behind
breastworks. So silently and swiftly did we descend upon
Qoi)federat^ l/eterap.
357
them that not a shot was tired. They dropped their arms
and surrendered quietly.
It was one of the greatest strategies of the war; not so
great, perhaps, for the brilliancy of its conception, but great
indeed for the completeness, the victorious triumph of its
cunning execution. Lee had conceived the strategy, and
Stonewall Jackson had effected it. But I have always mar-
veled at the stupidity or carelessness of that army in allowing
us to surprise them so completely. How did it happen ? That
is the secret.
Night fell upon us, an array of worn bodies destitute of
ammunition. Frc^h troops relieved us. but we were heavily
shelled in quitting the field. Withdrawing about a mile, we
lay down on our arms in a line of battle. All through the
night we heard the Federals felling trees and building breast-
works— sounds that foretold the advent of a fiercer struggle.
What would the day bring forth?
About the tenth hour of the same night General Jackson,
with his staff, while returning from an examination of the
Federal position, was tired upon and fatally wounded by a
volley from his own nun. who thought the enemy was seeking
to surprise them — a wound from which the great man died
on May 10. His death was an irreparable loss to the South.
Not a man but mourned the death of Stonewall Jackson.
Conlinuei in Srpl< mher numtHT.i
CAMPAIGNS OF LEE AND SHERMAN.
Comparing thi I vmfaigx oj Lei in Pennsylvania and
I II M OF Sill J;\t \N IN Gl OKI 1 V
BY MK.-. ELIZABETH WYSOK KLINGBERG of ROBERT E. LEE
CHAPTER, NO, 278, I0S ANGELES, CM..
In order to bring out sharply the essential difference be-
tween the manner of warfare of Lee and that of Sherman. I
wish to give, first, an account .>f the methods and principles
displayed in the two campaigns, and. secondly, a short charac-
ter sketch of the two commanding generals. Both had won-
dci ful influence over the men they led. and in the end the
conduct of their soldiers reached the pitch, subtly and in-
evitably, of the leader, lie. adored by his army, had in each
case so much power to uphold the standard of knightly gen-
erosity, mercy, and justice, all that dignities human action.
and that especially beautifies it when the passions, strain, and
necessities of war press upon the character of men.
Lee's campaign in Pennsylvania comes first in the order of
time and should be considered tirst in reference to the moral
effect it might have had upon later campaigns of the North-
ern army. Early in June, 186.?. Lee began his march north
ward, lie was not expected to visit Maryland with severity;
but when he passed into the altogether hostile State of Penn-
sylvania, the people fell into a state of terror and panic.
Northern historians report the hasty flight of many families
across the Susquehanna, t lie excitement spread all over the
State, and in Pittsburgh the alarm rose to such a height that
there was a demand for martial law. Shops were closed,
business was suspended, and men who had been hiring sub-
stitutes now enrolled themselves in the militia. For the first
lime the North realized what it had meant to the South to
face invasion. But all expectation of meeting a cruel and
rapacious foe was happily disappointed; they were not destined
to Miffer treatment resembling in the slightest degree what
the South had already undergone, much less the terrible in-
juries that came later.
Before General Lee crossed the Potomac, he wrote to Presi-
dent Davis : "I shall continue to purchase all the supplies
that are furnished me while north of the Potomac, impressing
only when necessary." In his first order of June 21 he or-
dered the most scrupulous respect for private property, put-
ting it not in the form of a dry command, but appealing to
his men in stirring words not to undertake retaliation for
what they had most unjustly suffered, but to make war only
upon armed men. His order of June 27 repeated the instruc-
tion, praised his men for forbearance, saying, however, that
any instance of forget fulness would be punished. Rhodes.
the Northern historian, says : "The Confederates committed
little or no depredation or mischief. Lee exerted himself to
the utmost to have his wishes observed." He remarks further
that this was all the more creditable to Lee. as he did not
believe that the Northern generals had shown Virginia the
same consideration. We have a number of remarks from
General 1 ee which show his convictions on this point, ex-
pressions unusually severe for him to make and that carry
more weight than those of men with less perfect poise. He
speaks of the "outrages of our barbarous enemy. Their con-
duct is such as to excite the horror and detestation of the
civilized world." And again : "I grieve over the desolation
of the country and the distress to women and children oc-
casioned by the spiteful incursions of the enemy, unwortlrj
of a civilized nation."
The Northern newspapers of 1863 and recent writers bear
witness to the noble magnanimity of the men whom they arc
now proud to claim as their countrymen. In the New York
Herald of June jS. the Boston Courier of June 23. and the
New York Tribune of June 29 are words of praise for the
restraint of Southern men from acts of destruction. Pollard
tells us that "no house was entered without authority, no gran-
ary was pillaged, no property was taken without payment on
the spot, and vast fields of grain were actually protected by
(.'"iifederate guards mounted on almost starved horses."
Northern praise and support of what the South proudly
claims as the most enlightened, restrained, and advanced
ideals ever practiced in war in the history of the world give
unanswerable force to the evidence that this distinction justly
rests upon us in the conduct of our heroes in the Pennsyl-
vania campaign. The world has never since matched the
theory or the practice of these ideals. Nothing in the pres-
ent war in Europe, notwithstanding all the supposed gains in
humanitarianism and civilization during the last half century,
approaches it.
The battle of Gettysburg, the culmination of this campaign.
stirs the heart of every American as perhaps no other event
in our history, and of it T wish only to say that both North
and South unite in the feeling expressed thus by one North-
erner: "Breathes there a man with soul so dead who would
not thrill with emotion to claim for his countrymen the men
who made Pickett's charge and the men who met it?"
In connection with this battle we have an account of Gen-
eral Lee's balance and self-control by Lieutenant Freemantle,
of the British army, a tribute which is new to some of us.
Tn his book, "Three Months in the Southern States." he de-
scribes what he saw on the field of Gettysburg. After the
failure of the wonderful charge, he noticed "that Lee's face
did not show the slightest disappointment, care, or annoyance.
To every soldier he met he spoke an encouraging word, saying,
'All this will come right in the end.' or. We will talk this over
afterwards, but in the meantime all good men will rally.' He
spoke to all the wounded who passed him. Many who were
358
Qoijfederat^ l/eterar?.
badly wounded cheered him, and those with slight hurts
bound themselves up and took up a musket. An officer came
up almost angry to report the condition of his brigade. Lee
shook hands with him and said cheerfully: 'General, all this
has been my fault; it is I who have lost this battle, and you
must help me out of it the best way you can.' The man went
off calm and completely changed in spirit." Lee's expression
of grief over the noble men who fell here has been compared
with Napoleon's remark: "What is the loss of a million
men to a man like me?" In this light we realize afresh how
much reason all Americans, North and South, have to revere
his memory.
This picture, drawn by an outsider, of the wonderful
serenity of Lee, his gentleness and sympathy, and his abso-
lute self-control and mastery of himself at a time of the
greatest imaginable strain and excitement must be kept in
mind when we study the excitable, frenzied manner and ut-
terances of General Sherman. The inconsistencies and wild re-
marks made by Sherman, 'even when at leisure in his camp,
almost pass belief.
The following account of the Georgia campaign is developed
almost wholly from Northern sources, as no statement is so
incontrovertible as the testimony of Sherman himself or of
his corps commanders as to what happened. With the excep-
tion of Kilpatrick, the notorious leader of Sherman's cav-
alry, whose demoralizing escapades were winked at by his
superiors on account of his efficiency, the Northern leaders
were regarded as men of character who sincerely wished to
conduct war decently. One is loath to believe anything else,
but it becomes impossible to explain their remarks in any
charitable light.
Orders were given that only the foraging parties might
plunder the country; but right at the start the spirit of dis-
order and vengeance toward Georgia was allowed to get into
the minds of the whole army, and all the evidence is against
any effort made to turn the current or appeal to the better
instincts of the troops. The words, "Forage liberally on the
country," in the first order carried an implication of license.
Sherman telegraphed to Grant that he would move through
Georgia "smashing things," and again he said he would "make
the march and make Georgia howl." "I propose to make the
inhabitants feel that war and individual ruin are synonymous.
There was a devil-may-care feeling pervading my officers
and men."
Sherman started out with a fine army of sixty thousand
men in the best of health and spirits. All sick and wounded
were left behind. As Grant said in a telegram to Sherman,
there was no danger, no one to trouble him, unless he were
bushwhacked by the little boys and old men left to guard the
railroads. Georgia had been sending her men to the Army
of Northern Virginia and trying to feed that army. Owing
to the difficulties of transportation, the heart of the State was
full of rich stores— great pits of sweet potatoes, cellars of
bacon and ham, flour and poultry. The Northern view that
the easy feat of marching through this rich and helpless
country was a marvelous military achievement has never been
understood by the South.
The weather was perfect, and the men, spreading out in
two wings, marched by parallel roads, covering ten or fifteen
miles a day. Each brigade daily sent out a party of fifty men
on foot, who would return mounted, driving cattle and mules
and hauling wagons and family carriages loaded with fresh
mutton, smoked ham, turkeys, chickens, ducks, meal, jugs of
molasses, and sweet potatoes. Immense droves of cattle and
horses were collected and driven along. At night they were
turned into enormous fields of ungathered grain, a very dif-
ferent sight from the guard placed over growing grain in
Pennsylvania the summer before.
Sherman's attitude of laughing at all this robbery and the
careless disregard of common honor and soldiership are shown
in the following remarks: "The people of Georgia do not
know what war means; but when the rich planters of the
Oconee and the Savannah see their fences and corn and hogs
and sleep vanish before their eyes, they will have something
more than a mean opinion of the Yank. Even now our poor
mules laugh at the fine cornfields, and our soldiers riot on
chestnuts, sweet potatoes, pigs, and chickens." A man who
so misunderstood what considerations have weight with men
of the Southern temperament, so lacking in tine distinctions,
made a comment only on his own character and motives in
such statements as these.
Again he tells of meeting a soldier carrying a ham on his
musket, a jug of molasses under his arm, and a piece of honey
in his hand, who caught the General's eye and quoted care-
lessly: "Forage liberally on the country." Sherman told him,
going through the form of a rebuke, that only the fifty thieves
were to do the foraging; but the incident shows clearly that
the sentiment of the soldier was derived from headquarters.
The burning of private dwellings and of whole towns now
began. Private homes at Rome were fired, then the torch
was applied to Atlanta, and two hundred acres were burned
over; beautiful homes and lovely shade trees were left a mass
of ruins. Macon and Milledgeville suffered from one corps,
and other towns were destroyed by the other. Madison, a
beautiful town, suffered the fate of all towns on the line of
march. Homes and stores were pillaged, household goods and
furniture piled in the streets.
A Northern correspondent with the Federal army gives the
usual order of events as this : "A planter's home was overrun
and boxes, drawers, and escritoires turned out. If the house
was amply furnished with rich ornaments, each group com-
ing and going through the day took what they wanted. If they
were disappointed at what they found, they tore and destroyed
everything. They frequently tickled the owner with sharp
bayonets if they suspected that valuables were hidden. Evi-
dence came to light after the war, corps commanders found,
of cases where men were partially hanged and of some who
were killed outright. If a house was deserted, the piano
was destroyed, mirrors broken, the furniture ruined, and rich
cushions and carpets carried out as trappings for the mules
and horses. Last of all came stragglers who wanted to enjoy
a good fire and who left wonderful old homes, with their rich
associations, a heap of ashes." This correspondent also stated
that such freaks as taking the last chicken or pound of meal,
even the crockery and bedding, from the very poor was com-
mon. All plate, jewelry, and silver were taken, and the sol-
diers were decked out with heirlooms, diamond ornaments,
and watches.
Sherman, Cox, Howard, and other generals of the Northern
army admitted this pillage, and the various official orders
show "lawless foraging and unwarranted burning of build-
ings," as one writer mildly puts it. Sherman said in his final
report that his soldiers "were a little loose on foraging; they
did some things they ought not to have done." There is no
wonder at that when we find Sherman gloating over the de-
struction as in this report : "We have consumed the corn and
fodder thirty miles on each side of a line from Atlanta to
Savannah, as also the cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry; we
Qoi}federat^ l/eterai).
359
have taken ten thousand mules and countless slaves. I esti-
mate the damage to Georgia as at least $100,000,000. of which
$20,000,000 is to our advantage and the rest simple waste and
destruction."
With such sentiments in the leaders, it was only n
that the rank and file burned homes and laid waste the land.
Sherman's orders "left loopholes for the mania of destruc-
tion," and it seems that he did not keep in touch with what
was happening at the time, but cherished a childlike assump-
tion that his men could do no wrong. The result of the
spirit let loose in the army in Georgia was increasing dis-
order after the siege of Savannah, when the army turned to
march through the Carolinas. Sherman remarked casually :
"The whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to
wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at
her fate, but feel sure she deserves all that is in store for
her." As a direct result of the Georgia campaign. General
Howard complains of the "most outrageous robberies com-
mitted" by his men. Me found cases where rings were taken
from the fingers of ladies in the very presence of the officer-,
and of women who were struck and robbed. General Blair.
of the 17th Corps, reports that "every house on the line of
march to-day was pillaged, trunks broken open, and jewelry
and silver taken." The army records show many offensi
very few punishments. The final result of the holidaj feeling
and the devil-may-care spirit which Sherman had looked Upon
so indulgently in Georgia was perhaps reached in the burning
of Columbia. This involved, to take a single item, the de-
struction of the rare and valuable collections of fossils and
paintings of Dr. Gibbes, the friend of Agassiz.
It is a strange thing that to this day the North still \iew-
the "sum of all these villainies" as martial glory and has never
acknowledged any blemish in the conduct of the victorious
general. The whole campaign is regarded as a romance in-
stead of a harsh and disgraceful reality, and I find c\pres
sions referring to it as a beautiful dream that brings pleasure
at the remembrance. It is remarkable that many critical jour-
nals which to-day condemn one or the other of the Em
powers now at war for destruction of farming implements.
private or scientific property, or for suffering indicted upon
the helpless, had no word of repudiation for the 1
Sherman's army and even to-day feel no shame at such
methods, such blots upon the history of this country.
Sherman was. indeed, well named when "Tecumseh" was
given him, and it must be sensitiveness at the appropriateness
of this term that causes his admirers to refer to him in-
variably as William T. Sherman.
A wiry figure, wrinkle-netted face, auburn hair, and rest-
less manner well bespoke his character. A messenger sent
by Grant to interview him found him sitting in an easy-chair
in his slippers, lie twisted a newspaper frantically as he
talked and slipped his foot perpetually in and out of his slip-
per. He had a habit of talking every moment, interrupting
all others, and then of shoving off persons receiving orders
until he would push them to the door and out
His wild outbursts are well represented by this comment:
"To secure the navigation of the Mississippi I would slay
millions. For every bullet shot at a steamboat 1 would shoot
a thousand 30-pounder Parrotts into even helpless tow
the Red, Yazoo, and wherever a boat can float or a
march." "Death is mercy to a secessionist; and the quicker
he or she is disposed of, the better." His restless fancies, his
habit of pouring out volumes of correspondence on all sub-
jects, political and military, led to many rumors that he was
insane. This fact that he was entirely mad was deplored in
the Northern papers so much that Sherman w-as ready to
hang every reporter who came about his army.
His men regarded his eccentricities and oddities with af-
fection and pride, and he must have had qualities of leader-
ship and unselfishness, toward them at least, which made them
devoted soldiers ; but when all allowance is made for his
energy, his restless will, the business instinct and purpose so
often praised, one who has studied him with an attempt to be
fair can only feel that he was a mm pitiably dwarfed on many
sides of his nature and that he was most dangerous to his
friends and to the cause he represented in his lack of restraint
and the frenzy and madness that seemed to overtake his bet-
ter self. If it were not that victory threw a concealing man-
tle over his defects, one feels in all dispassion that he would
now be regarded as a disgrace to his government
In a comparison with Lee no one could suffer 50 much as
Sherman. I.ee. whom even disaster could not move from
the most complete disregard of himself or the kind thought
for the humblest subordinate and the least of lie- foes, was the
incomparable leader of men. Utterly unselfish to his own peo-
ple, benign to his enemies, war had no power to subtract one
iota of his native nobility. He stands to-day matchless and
alone, an idealist who actually lived his ideals through a
period of war. One can say no more. Such men raise on
high the possibilities of the whole human race and fulfill
themselves in new ways generation after generation.
List of works consulted in studying the topic of this paper:
W. T. Sherman's "Memoirs." I S Grant's "Personal Mem-
oirs.'" John B. Gordon's "Reminiscences," Longstrcct's "From
Manassas to Appomattox," Official Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies, James Ford Rhodes's "United States
Since the Compromise of 1850." Schouler's "History of the
United Stale-." T. A Dodge'- "Bird's-Eye View of the Civil
War." E. A. Pollard's "The Lost Cause" and "A Southern
History of the Civil War." and J. C. Rope-'- The Story of
ril War."
BEHISD THE EIRING LINE
BY L. A. WAILES M.D., NEW ORLEANS LA.
Preliminary to the advance of the attacking line, it was the
duty of the surgeon of each command to organize the ambu-
lance corps, whose duty under his lead and direction, dis-
armed and marked with a white band conspicuously around
inn to designate their noncombatant functions, and
equipped with all first-aid requisites, it was to follow the ad-
vancing line, ready to render assistance and remove the
wounded to the field hospital a! a convenient spot in the rear,
selected with a view to a concurrence of shade, water, and.
as far as possible, safety from the enemy's fire.
As assistant surgeon to Regiment, it was the writer's
lot to be detailed once on such service. That part of the line
which it was our duty to follow had to advance under a hot
tire of infantry and artillery across an open field of several
hundred acres, and. of course, there was no lack of work for
us. At a certain point of the advance the field was crossed
by a rail fence, and off at some distance and rather out of the
direct line of fire we saw a man lying close against the bottom
rail. Making our way to him. we were soon struck by the
peculiar position of the body. It seemed to lack that "aban-
don" and indifference to appearances of a soldier who had
received too sudden a call to assume a dignified pose in
death. On the contrary, he was lying stretched as straight
360
Qoqfederat^ l/eterap.
and flat as a shingle. As one of the corps said afterwards:
"You could hardly have picked him up with a fork." In fact,
he was almost burrowed under the bottom rail. It took but
a glance to detect the feint, and with a poke in the ribs from
the surgeon's boot and "Get up, you cowardly baby, and go
to your command," he rolled over and, wiping the tears from
his eyes, said : "I wish I was a baby ; I wish I was a gal
baby."
A Timely Diversion.
A sharp, continuous rattle of small arms, like a cane-
brake on fire, gave notice that the battle was on in earnest.
A regiment till now in reserve was ordered forward. "Quick-
step, forward !" Soon the "zip" of Minie or Mauser warned
us of our proximity to the slaughter. Until then the advance
had been as silent as a funeral march, every man occupied
with his own thoughts ; not a voice was heard save the word
of command : "Close up ! Double-quick ! March !"
Bob E., "long since answered to his last roll call," the wit
and humorist of the company, ever ready with witty retort
or quick repartee to interrupt a quarrel or divert an un-
pleasant discussion, gave sudden utterance to a most lugu-
brious wailing cry : "H-a-a ! I want to go home to my
ma-a-a." The uproarious laughter that greeted this sally
from all within hearing, followed by the command. "Charge!"
and the Rebel yell, was the prelude to the victorious on-
slaught.
"A CARPETBAGGERS VIEW OF THE KU-KLUX
KLAN."
BY A. J. EMERSON. DENVER, COLO.
From the extracts already given, you perceive that Judge
Tourgee was a writer of ability. As a judge his reputation
was good. As a politician he might have made a statesman,
but he ran his career in the wrong latitude. He recognized
this fact at last, and then he classed himself among the fools.
His humor is rather grim and sardonic, because it is the
humor of a defeated man. But it runs through the book. It
shows in the dedication : "To the ancient and honorable
family of fools this book is respectfully and lovingly dedi-
cated by one of their number." And it sticks out in the last
paragraph of the book, where he wrote for himself an imag-
inary epitaph :
"He followed the counsel of the wise
And became a fool thereby."
He ridicules the wise men at Washington who had pre-
pared the "Reconstruction measure?."
"They proceeded to outrage a feeling as deep and fervent
as the zeal of Islam or the exclusiveness of Hindu caste by
giving to the ignorant, unskilled, and dependent race equality
of political right. Not content with this, they went farther,
and by erecting the rebellious territory into self-regulating
and sovereign States they abandoned these two parties like
cocks in a pit to fight out the question of predominance with-
out the possibility of national interference. They said to the
colored man : 'Root, hog. or die.' It was cheap patriotism,
cheap philanthropy, cheap success."
One of these wise men felt impelled to come down South.
Heralded by the newspapers of the land and accompanied by
a bodyguard of reporters, he tremblingly took his life in his
hand and hied him southward to conyert obdurate Rebels and
proclaim political light and life.
"Something in his speech there was." says Tourgee, "which
failed to please ; and first angry words, then the angrier bark
of Derringer and revolver, followed. The crowd scattered,
the bodyguard disappeared, and that most amiable of con-
troversies, a genteel Southern fight, took place under the
eye of the wise man, or rather under his ear, as he crouched
behind the desk from which he had a moment before been
expounding 'the law of love as coordinate with the love of
law.' The fool chuckled again and again at the wise man's
discomfiture and was never tired of adducing it as an in-
stance of the failure of wisdom at long range when pitted
against sense at short taw."
In fact, the fool, being at short taw, impugns the wisdom
of the entire Republican party, which is at long range. He
wrote in December, 1868, to one of the wise men: "We Re-
publicans of the South will go down with the Reconstruction
movement. Some of us will make a good fight for the doomed
craft ; other- will neither realize nor care for its danger ; but
on neither will justly fall the responsibility that will rest
now and for all time, with the Republican party of the North
— a party the most cowardly, vacillating, and inconsistent in
its management of these questions that has ever been known
in any government."
The Ku-Klux Klan Again.
But Mr. Tourgee never finds that his humor is able to
"caper nimbly" on the theme of the Ku-Klux. That is al-
ways a serious matter with him.
"It was builded upon an ineradicable sentiment of hostility
to the negro as a political integer and a fierce determination
that the white people of the South or a majority of that race
should rule, if not by the power of the ballot, then by force
of skill, brain, and the habit of domination. The bravest and
strongest and best of the South gave it their recognition and
support ; in most cases actively, in some passively. Thou-
sands believed it a necessity to prevent anarchy and the de-
struction of all valuable civilization."
"The new revolution which had begun went on. The Klan
increased in numbers and in power — an imperium in imperio
— until its decrees were far more potent and its power more
dreaded than that of the visible commonwealths which it
either dominated or terrorized."
"The rule of the majority had been overthrown, the power
of the government boldly defied, and its penalties for crime
successfully evaded, that the enfranchisement of the colored
man might be rendered a farce and the obnoxious amend-
ments and Reconstruction legislation practically nullified.
Read by the light of other days, the triumph of the ancient
South was incredibly grand ; in the then present there was
little lacking to give it completeness ; in the future — well, that
could take care of itself."
"Time went on, and twelve years from the day when Lee
surrendered under the apple tree at Appomattox there was
another surrender, and the last of the government organized
under the policy of Reconstruction fell into the hands of
those who inaugurated and carried on war against the na-
tion."
The Fool Becomes Reconciled; Defeat Makes Him a
Wiser Man.
"Failure was written above the grave of the pet idea of the
wise men. It was with a feeling of relief, if not of satisfac-
tion, that the fool recognized this result. He was like the
battered soldier who, though not victorious, sits in his old age,
crowned with the glory of many wounds, peaceful and con-
tented despite the undesired outcome of his warfare."
Qoi>federat^ l/eterai).
361
Tourgee Talks with Dr. Martin, His Old Instructor.
and Becomes a Prophet.
"You think the irrepressible conflict' is stil! confronting
us, then?" said Martin.
"Undoubtedly. The North and the South are simply con-
venient names for two distinct, hostile, and irreconcilable
ideas — two civilizations they are sometimes called, especially
at the South. At the Xorth there is somewhat more of in-
tellectual arrogance, and we are apt to speak of the one as
civilization and of the other as a species of barbarism. These
two must always be in conflict until the one prevails and the
other fails. To uproot the one and plant the other in its
stead is not the work of a moment or a day. That was our
mistake. We tried to superimpose the civilization, the idea
of the North, upon the South at a moment's notice. We pre-
sumed that by the suppression of the rebellion the Southern
white man had become identical with the Caucasian of the
North in thought and sentiment and that the slave by eman-
cipation had become a saint and a Solomon at once. So we
tried to build up communities there which should be identical
in thought, sentiment, growth, and development with those of
the North. It was a fool's errand."
"Leaving the past, what have you to say of the future"'"
"The battle must be fought out. If there is t ■ • remain
nation on the territory we now occupy, it must be either a
nation unified in sentiment and civilization, or the one civili-
zation must dominate and control the other. As it stands
now, the South is the most intense, vigorous, and aggressivi
"Bui why do you think that the South is more likely to
rule than the more populous and more enterprising North?"
asks Dr. Martin.
"Because they are thoroughly united and are instinctive
natural rulers. They are not troubled with scruples, nor do
they waste their energies upon frivolous and immaterial is-
sues. They are monarchical and kinglike in their character-
istics, Each one thinks more of the South than of himself,
and anything which adds to her prestige or glory is dearer
to him than any personal advantage. The North thinks the
Southern people are especially angry because of the loss of
slave property; in truth, they are a ' times more ex-
asperated by the elevation of the freed mgro to equal po-
litical power. The North is disunited: a part will adhere to
tin South for the sake of power, and. just .is before the Civil
War, the South will again dominate and control the nation."
(In another paper Judge Tourgee's declaration that the Ku-
Klux Klan was "organized thuggism" will be considered.)
.•/ MARYLAND BOY IN THE COXFEl'ERATE ARMY.
BY G. n. PHILroT. MILLBUKN, N. T.
(Continued from I > 1 t nui
We come next to the Gettysburg campaign. \ few miles
from that town we ran into a body of cavalry, who killed
my horse and wounded and captured inc. 1 was vent by train
to ]•", .rt McHenry. During a stop at a way station I saw on
thr platform directly opposite my window the lieutenant whom
I had captured at CharlestOwn. He knew me at once and
made some twitting remark. My first thought was that he
would report at Fort McHenry that 1 had killed the live
prisoners, which made me very uneasy. Fortunately, he did
not know my name. I was in the barracks about two weeks
and was then transferred by steamer to Fori Delawan L'pon
my arrival I learned from some of our men, prisoners like
myself, wdio had just arrived by train, that one Cooper had
escaped during the night. I immediately took his name, and
when the roll was called I answered to the name of Cooper.
When my name was called, there was no answer ; therefore
I was the one who had escaped. A number of friends among
the prisoners posted me as to Cooper's company, regiment,
etc.
After being there about a month, to my great horror and
chagrin I was summoned to appear before General Schoef,
the commandant, who asked my name, regiment, etc. I
thought it no sin to lie to save my neck, particularly as I was
innocent. After hearing my tale, he sent for a number of
my friends, one at a time, who all told the same tale. I dis-
covered that he had gotten from a deserter his information
that my name was Philpot, and not Cooper. 1 felt that the
General was not satisfied to believe the deserter and doubtless
would have been satisfied to believe me and my friends had
not his adjutant, searching my clothes for evidence against me,
found in my pocket a memorandum book with my name in full
as an appraiser of horses that were on the trip to Charlt -
That ended all hope of escape for me. Now. I thought. I will
be shot in the morning, by no means a pleasant reflects
was ordered to be placed in a cell where I could see the light
of day only through a small grated window, expecting every
day to be taken out and shot or hanged. I was kept in there
about a week, flien was ordered to prepare to travel. I had
no preparations to make except to that country whence no
traveler ever returns. All I had was on my back. When I
was taken out, the guard informed me that I was to £■> to
Johnson's Island, where none but officers were kept. 1 was
sent there under my own name, and Cooper was heard of no
more; neither did I hear of any charges against me.
I could write to my mother, who had heard nothing from
me since I saw her; so I wrote and told her of my condi-
tion, the scant food, etc. At that time we were allowed to
i boxes of provisions and clothing. My sister wrote
that they would send me a box for Christmas and a cake with
General Terry's name on a slip of paper, thinking in her inno-
cence and goodness of heart that by so doing 1 would be
favored. I knew better; and when the box arrived and was
being examined to see that no dynamite, artillery, or am other
contraband of war was in it by which 1 might blow
shoot up the garrison, I found the slip of paper with General
Terry's name on it. which I slipped into m\ mouth without
being seen. I felt that the cake would do me more good than
General Terry, who had plenty. The box was an immense
one, requiring four strong men to carrj it to my quarters.
On being opened, what a sight met my eyes! There wire
turkeys, chickens. Maryland biscuit, Sugar, coffee, and all the
good things that could be put up by a loving mother and
sisters. That cake I had with my mess foi desert on Christ-
mas day. after a very big dinner of turkey, ham, etc. The
result was that we were .ill deathly sick that night. 1 wrote
my Hster that 1 believed she had intended killing < .<
hut that it had come near killing live good Confederate
soldiers. We watched that box with jealous eyes, nevei
leaving it without a guard day or night.
In my room was Colonel Berkley. A friend of his in
Kentucky sent him a ten gallon keg of uhi>ky without know-
ing that it was contraband of war. When it arrived, we
ted five dollars in our room with which we expected to
bribe the Jew who attended to the examination and delivery
of packages. The Jew looked with longing eyes on the in i
but was afraid to take it for fear of discovery and punish-
ment. My only hope t!nn was the g doctor, a kind-
3r»-
C^opfederat^ l/eterar?,
hearted German, who had treated me and who, I felt sure,
would favor me. His order could get the whisky.' So I
told him that there was a little whisky at the express office
for Colonel Berkley, who had been wounded, but who could
not get it without an order from him. He very promptly
said: "'O yes, yes; de Colonel, he shall haf de order." I got
the order and lost no time in getting the precious burden to
our room. I suggested to the Colonel the advisability of
drawing the whisky out and filling the keg with water, as
when it became known at headquarters they would send for
our prize. We hunted up all the canteens, cans, bottles, etc..
filled them with the precious fluid, and filled the keg with
water, placing it near the Colonel's bunk. Hardly had we
finished when there appeared upon the scene a lieutenant with
a squad of men and demanded the keg. The Colonel pleaded
with him to let him have a small portion for medicinal pur-
poses ; but not a drop would he give, and they carried the
prize out, thinking of the good time they would have. Our
cans then came out of hiding, and for many days a number
of Rebs were gloriously happy. The Yanks were so disap-
pointed and chagrined at being fooled by a lot of Rebels that
they never came back to search our quarters.
One evening I was standing at a window when a terrible
windstorm came up. I saw a huge tree torn up by the roots.
I felt the building quiver and shake. I thought every moment
that it would go over. The roof did go off; and I went out
of the window, landing on my feet. Running around the end
of the building, I propped myself against the side and was
held there by the wind until the storm was over. I jumped
out of the window because I knew there would be a rush for
the door by three hundred excited men, in which many would
be crushed, as did happen. The roof of every building in
the mclosure was blown off except that of the hospital filled
with sick, of which not a timber was moved. In the meantime
the sentinels were firing on us, the garrison outside fired on us,
and the gunboat in the bay also gave us a broadside. With
all this and timbers flying in every direction, many were
wounded and injured, creating a veritable pandemonium. As
many as could got into ditches or hugged stumps to keep
from being blown to destruction. Then came a terrific down-
pour of rain. Without shelter and without dry clothes, so
passed a horrible night. The Yankees gave as an excuse for
the shooting that they thought we were trying to escape.
Many plans to escape were devised. Kentuckians whose
bunks were on the ground floor cut a hole in the floor with
a saw made by filing the back of a knife, then dug down far
enough to start a tunnel. The digging was done with knives,
sticks, or whatever could be found, the dirt being emptied
under the building where it could not be seen. The diggers
knew where to come up on the outside, but did not know
that there was a, stump at that point. They worked between
the roots an opening large enough for the two who were in
front to get out. The third was a big, broad-shouldered man,
who squeezed himself in so tight that he could get neither
out nor back; and when he was found, with only his head
above the ground, a saw and ax had to be used to get him
out. He was returned to his quarters, and the other two
were captured later, not being able to get off the island.
On the first night of January, 1864, the thermometer stood at
thirty-five below zero. It was so cold that the sentinels were
taken off duty. Three men scaled the fence and started across
the bay on the ice, which was several feet thick. One of
them was found frozen to death, while the other two got to
a farmhouse so badly frozen that they died the next day.
Another plan of escape was made. We organized into com-
panies and regiments, all bound to secrecy by a solemn pledge.
Armed with knives tiled to a point and fastened to poles
sawed from the slats of our bunks, at a certain signal we
were to batter down the fence and rush upon and overpower
the garrison, which at that time numbered only three hundred
militia. Then we were to capture the steamer lying at the
wharf, go to Sandusky, and there get boats to carry us to
Canada. All of which might have been accomplished but for
having a Judas in camp who betrayed us a few days before
our intended attack. The barracks were searched and our
arms confiscated. Colonel Hill, who was then in command,
said that he expected any morning to wake and find himself
a prisoner.
Major Green, a prisoner, secured the uniform of a United
States major. He wrote himself a furlough indorsed by the
colonel of the regiment to which he was supposed to belong.
It was passed by his brigade commander, the general of the
division, and then by General Grant. With another paper, a
general pass giving him transportation on all railroads signed
by General Grant, all different signatures, he was saluted by
the sentinel at the gate and passed out. To show his boldness
he went to General Terry's office, introduced himself as Major
Green, of General Grant's army, and presented his papers.
While there the supper bell rang, and General Terry invited
him to supper. He supped with 'the General, returned to the
office, and was smoking one of the General's cigars when
there appeared upon the scene the corporal who called the
roll to which Green belonged. The corporal recognized him
and said: "Hello! What are you doing here?" General
Terry reprimanded him for speaking in that way to a su-
perior officer. The corporal said : "He is one of our prison-
ers. I know his face well, as I call his name twice every
day." The General said : "You are mistaken. This is one
of General Grant's officers. Go call your roll." That was
done, and 'Green was absent. Every building in the prison
was searched, but Green could not be found. General Terry
then said to Green: "I am really and truly sorry that you
have been caught. Any man who could play such a clever
trick deserves his freedom : but I must, in duty bound, send
you back to your old quarters and deprive you of your uni-
form and papers." So much for being too bold. The only
man who ever escaped entirely was Captain Lattine, who
secured a private soldier's uniform ; and when the gate was
opened for prisoners to go out on the bay for water late in
the evening, he went with the crowd. When on the ice, he
stepped aside and began talking to one of the prisoners. The
officer in charge ordered him off, saying: "You have no busi-
ness talking to prisoners." He sauntered around until dark,
then made his way across the bay. He was heard from in
Philadelphia, in Washington, and again in Richmond. We
heard later that the poor fellow was killed in his first fight
after getting back.
I am telling only of my own experience and will say but
little about the rations issued, except that they barely sufficed
to keep body and soul together. Probably I fared better than
any man in the prison, owing to the good old doctor's kindness
and my mother's living within the Federal lines. With an
order from the doctor, which he never failed to give me, I
was enabled to get provisions from home, atid my rations I
gave to one less fortunate than myself.
About the first of March, 1865, three hundred of us were
paroled to be sent to Richmond for exchange, and we anx-
iously looked forward to the day of departure. The trouble
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai?.
363
was in crossing the bay, which was so full of ice that the boat
could not run, and the ice was not thick enough to walk
over. In that state of suspense we waited for about two
weeks; then we bade farewell to Johnson's Island, where we
had seen so much suffering and misery inflicted upon human
beings. In Sandusky we were put in a vacant room on the
second floor to wait for a train. A wagon loaded with loose
hay. with six mules attached, stopped under our window.
Captain Boston threw a well-lighted cigar on the hay ; and in
a moment the whole load was in flames, the mules running off
with the burning hay. We yelled with delight, while the citi-
zens were wild with fright, threatening vengeance against us.
Of course no one knew who threw the brand
On reaching Richmond my first move was to locate my
company, which I found at Hanover Courthouse: but there
was only a remnant, barely a corporal's guard. It was sad
indeed to me to miss those brave and loyal boys, to me more
than brothers, who had followed me in so many hard-fought
battles. I felt as if it would have been well for me to go
with them, particularly since I know now that our cause was
lost. I left that small remnant of my company realizing
that I could never lead them to battle again. With a sad and
heavy heart I paid my passage to Lynchburg, but had literally
to work my way by gathering wood every few miles to keep
up steam. I remained at Lynchburg until the surrender.
These reminiscences of the War between the States were
written fifty-odd years after the events herein recorded for
the benefit and enlightenment of my nieces and nephews and
their children's children, to remind them when I am gone
that they had an uncle who served as a private soldier and
officer in the Confederate army, with the reasons why I did
so. In the first place. I inherited the spirit from my paternal
grandsire, who. with his musket on his shoulder, marched
from Baltimore town to Boston to fight under the banner of
Washington against the army of King George for his liberty
and independence. That same spirit animated me. knowing
that the South had a true and just cause for maintaining the
rights that had been denied her by the North in refusing to
enforce the law which was passed, not by any one of the
Southern States, but by the Congress of all the States, and
mole a part of the Constitution by the approval of the Su-
preme Court, the highest tribunal in the land. Xot only did
the Northern people refuse to obey and enforce that law.
but they actually murdered citizens whose rights under the
law they were trying to have enforced. The very erroneous
idea that the South carried on the war solely to hold the
negroes as slaves is entirely false. The South fought for
the rights that the Constitution gave to sovereign States,
and which were denied them. That was all. Certain fanat-
ics of the North, in their holy horror at the great wick-
edness of holding the negroes as slaves, forgot that their
ancestors were among the first to introduce slavery into this
country and into most of the Northern States. But just so
■ soon as they found that slavery was not profitable, then, and
not till then, did they discover the enormous sin of holding
slaves and. to relieve their sorely stricken consciences, sold
them to the South to bear the burden of -in. Then they de-
cided that the South must be relieved of its burden of sin
by freeing the slaves and by different means started in mo-
tion a plan to free them by and through their emissaries,
who secretly distributed throughout the South their most
righteous and godly literature among the slaves, which ad-
vised and urged them to insurrection, to destroy property,
and even to murder their masters — to rise en nuissr and de-
clare their freedom. That scheme failed, for the slaves were
too loyal to their masters, and also other schemes of the
kind down to that crazy fanatic, John Brown, who has been
proclaimed a martyr throughout the North. Such were the
grievances of the South. She could not have been true to
herself to remain longer without a struggle in such a LInion,
which ignored all the rights to which she was entitled under
the Constitution; and especially after Mr. Lincoln's chief
adviser said: "To hell with the Constitution! ■ It is a com-
pact with the devil and a league with hell." Though the
South was overwhelmed by the force of numbers, she has been
clearly vindicated in her claim of States' rights by the ver-
dict of the whole country, and our Gen. R. E. Lee stands
to-day at the head of all modem military chieftains.
A few days after the fight at First Manassas my mother
received a letter, signed "Turner Asbby." telling her that I
had been killed in that fight and several of our boys
wounded ; that he would send my body to Point of Rocks.
the nearest place across the ri\er, and that it would be
there on a certain day My mother, convinced of the gen-
uineness of t lie letter, sent my brother to the Point to meet
the body and also notified the minister that the burial would
be on the following Sunday. The report circulated over the
neighborhood, and the whole community went to the
church to attend my funeral. My brother returned without
the body, and all thought something had happened to cause
the delay, lie went t lie second day. but no corpse was there.
All were in doubt and suspense until my mother got a Utter
from me a year later. It was mailed in Maryland by the
wife of a Yankee who had been detained in Martinsburg
when General Banks went through so rapidly that she could
not leave with her husband. I saw that she was vent through
the lines the next day to join him. And I am here to-day.
't't) -odd years after the events recorded, to give thanks to
the good Lord for his great mercy in sparing me to tell of
even so little of my war experiences.
The following joke on General Grant is said to have
told by himself. When the armies were before Richmond.
General Grant and staff were reconnoitering between the lines
when they met an old negro whom the General questioned, say-
ing: "Uncle Ben. where are General Lee and his army'"
Uncle Ren said: "Ober 'bout Richmond, Ah b'lebe, sab."
"How many men has he?" "Seems like 'bout er milyun to
me. sab." "Where is General Longstrcet?" "He is ober 'bout
Petersburg, Ah b'lebe, salt." "How many men has he?" "Dey
seems like a milyun too, sah.". Uncle Ben then said: "Gineral.
kin Ah ax yer jisl one question?" "Certainly, Uncle Ben.
What is it?" "Whar' is you-uns gwine, anyhow?" "Well.
Uncle Ben, I may go to Richmond, I may go to Petersburg.
I may go to heaven, or I may go to hell." "Gineral. yer kain't
go to Richmond, 'kase Marse Bob Lee is dar; yer kain't go
to Petersburg, 'kase Gineral Longstrcet is dar; yer kain't go
to beben. 'kase Gineral Stonewall Jackson is dar; but yer
kin go to hell, 'kase dar ain't no Rebels dar."
On a certain occasion one of our officers surprised and
captured a party of Yankees much larger than his own.
Ibis officer and some friends were visiting some ladies soon
afterwards, when one of them asked him how in the world
lie managed to capture so many more men than he had.
The officer said: "Well, miss, I just called to them to surren-
der, and they surrendered, and that is the way I taken 'em.
Now, miss, will you please, miss, sing. miss. 'Ever of Thee I
Am Fondly Dreaming,' miss? A beautiful old song! Thank
you. miss."
364
^oi)federat^ l/eteraij.
«;»iy.»»ty.wiyi.*:i:*iw»w.iww.i*My,wi»iW!i»t»
Ml ■ LAST : ROLL:
Charles C. Hemming.
" 'Tis ever wrong to say a good man dies."
One of earth's noblemen is gone in person only, in spirit
never, for his personality was such that his impression will
go down to the coming ages. He was a true Christian gen-
tleman. He leaves behind him no associate whom he has not
helped and elevated.
Charles C. Hemming was reared in Jacksonville, Fla.
When merely a boy he answered his country's call to arms
and joined the Southern army, and his record as a Confed-
erate soldier will always be an honor to his family, to his
country, and to that cause he loved so well and constantly ;
for the handsome monument he erected to the Confederate
soldiers of his native State bears witness to this remem-
brance. He fought gallantly for the cause he espoused ; was
taken prisoner and for many months languished behind the
bars of a Federal prison, made his escape, made his way
through a hostile country to Canada, and went on a sailing
vessel to Cuba. After the war closed he went to Brenham,
Tex., to begin life anew, making his own way, for he was
largely a self-made man. In 1867 that dreadful scourge of
CHARLES C. HEMMING.
yellow fever visited Brenham, and after having the fever him-
self he turned to the- alleviation of others who were afflicted.
Night after night he sat beside some sick bed, cooling the
fevered brow or closing the tired eyes of some sufferer and
often with his own hands placing into the bosom of mother
earth all that was mortal of some of our citizens.
After entering on a mercantile career, Mr. Hemming mar-
ried Miss Lucy Key, daughter of Dr. John P. Key, who
sacrificed his own life in caring for and treating the yellow
fever victims of 1867. Later he became cashier of the Gid-
dings Bank for several years, eventually removing to Colo-
rado, where, by thrift and farsightedness, he amassed a large
fortune, though it has been said of him that he gave away
a fortune in helping others whom he thought needed as-
sistance, for his was ever a generous hand.
Mr. Hemming was almost a lifelong member of the Pres-
byterian Church. He was a Christian who lived the truth of
his Christianity, a Church member who was all that mem-
bership meant, a citizen who stood for the only true citizen-
ship, a friend who let you read all that was in his big heart.
One of the kindliest, bravest, truest men that Brenham has
ever known passed calmly to his reward when his eyes were
closed. He sleeps at Colorado Springs, near the foot of the
rugged mountains he loved so well. Nearly every citizen
of this town and country knew, loved, and honored him;
but no more will they see the smiling face or hear the
joyous laughter or feel the cordial hand clasp of "Charley"
Hemming, for the record of a long and useful life is closed.
The great storms of life, its great sorrows, its disappoint-
ments, its joys, its griefs, its successes all through the seventy
years of life passed by and over him and left the same sweet,
unembittered man, his faith in God and his fellow man stead-
fast, immovable. His heart was as brave as a lion's, as ten-
der as a child's: no word of bitterness fell from his lips; his
was always the word of kindness.
The grandest funeral oration ever delivered was that by
God himself when he said : "Moses my servant is dead ;
therefore arise, go, and be like him." This, then, is the sum
and substance in the case of our departed friend, and the
admonition of those of us who are left here is to try to be
like him. Peace to his memory! Mary C. Dixo.n.
Thomas A. Elgin.
Thomas Ashford Elgin, a prominent citizen of Marshall,
Tex., died there on May 5. 1916, after months of failing health.
He was born March 8, 1841, in Huntsville, Ala., and when a
lad of seventeen he went to Memphis and for several years
was a printer in the office of the Memphis Eagle. In 1859 he
went to Marshall, Tex., and worked as a printer until he
answered the call of the Stars and Bars.
He enlisted April 19, 1861, in Capt. S. J. Richardson's com-
pany; and after service on various fields he was captured at
Arkansas Post and was sent as a prisoner to Camp Butler.
Upon being exchanged, he again entered the service and had
much hard experience in Tennessee around Chattanooga. He
was mustered out of the army May 20, 1865. He went back
to Marshall, Tex., and made a success as a cotton broker.
On February 7. 1868, he was happily married to Miss Laura
Ousley; and to them were born six daughters, all of whom
survive him. Comrade Elgin was a Mason, a Knight Templar,
an Elk, and was for many years Adjutant of W. P. Lane
Camp of Confederate Veterans.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
365
Basil Earle Overbv.
"The love where death has set his seal
Nor age can chill nor rival steal
Nor falsehood disavow "
Basil Earle Overby, born in the town of Jefferson, Jackson
County, Ga., was the youngest of the three sons of Judge
Basil Hallam Overby and his wife, who was Miss Asenath
Thrasher, daughter of an influential planter whose large es-
tates were in what was then a part of Clarke County, Ga..
but is now Oconee County. There were six children in the
family, three sons and three daughters. Losing his mother
at the tender age of five years, Earle Overby and a baby sister
were taken in charge
by their grandparents,
Barton and Mary
Thrasher, and kept
until the father's sec-
ond marriage to one
of the three daughters
of Gen. Hugh L.
Haralson, all of
whom married distin-
guished men, one be-
coming the wife of
Judge Bleckly, of
Atlanta, and the
other of our loved
ami gallant Gen.
John B. Gordon.
Mrs. Overby, the
most beautiful of the
three, is still living in
Washington City with
her daughter, the
widow of Gen. Charles Williams, who died in the Philip-
BASIl 1 \RI.E OVERBY.
I luring the War between the States his grandfather tried
ko keep Earle from enlisting, but the boy ran away from the
Madison High School and became a soldier of the Confederacy.
though not then fourteen years of age. He became a member
of Company K, Georgia State Troops, and was afterwards
in the cavalry service ; but it proved too hard for him, so he
was transferred to the artillery, where he remained to the
rlose of the war, surrendering with Joseph E. Johnston in
North Carolina. It was a terrible experience for the tenderly
reared boy, but he was doubtless better for it in after years.
Its tender memories, mingled with honest pride for duty
■well performed, overcame the bitter experiences of warfare.
To the last he revered the cause for which he had fought.
Snd doubtless he was again in spirit amidst the scenes of
camp or battle when, almost with his dying breath, as if re-
sponding to some call, he said in a strong, clear voice : "Lump-
kin's Battery I" It was the command with which he had
Served.
In 1877 Mr. Overby was elected sheriff of Oconee County,
and he held this position for thirty-five years, then volun-
tarily retired. His record was one of duty well performed ;
and though the position required firmness and stern control.
his kindness was evident to his wards and made them his
friends. After this he was holding a position in the State
Agricultural Department in Atlanta when he almost lost his
life by gas asphyxiation and never recovered from the effects
of the poison, death resulting some weeks later at his home.
in Watkinsville, Ga., October 26. 1014. He is survived by
his wife, who was Miss Mary Covington, of Ringgold, two
sisters, Mrs. Robert Winship. of Atlanta, and Mrs. Callie
Price, of Madison, and one brother, Nick Overby, also of
Atlanta.
To his family the most important epoch of his life was his
confession of faith in Christ, his baptism and reception into
the Church. He was for a long time a teacher in the Sunday
school of the Baptist Church at Watkinsville and had also
been its superintendent. Though no children came to bless
his home, there were young relatives to whom he gave a
helping hand, as well as other young people struggling to get
an education. His beloved wife was an inspiration in his
life and joined with him in loving service to others.
Mas for love if this were all and naught beyond. O eartli '"
Ri mi n M. Newman.
Reuben Manning Newman, the youngest son of James N'ew-
111.111. of Hilton. Orange County, \ 1. and the last survivor of
his father's children, was born March 20. 184;,. and died at
the old family homestead on April 17. 1916.
Winn the war came on in 1S61, though still but a schoolboy,
Reuben Newman and his brothers left for Harper's Ferry on
the night of April 17. the date of Virginia's ordinance of
secession, lie became a member of the Gordonsville Grays,
Company C, 13th Virginia Infantry, of which Gen. A. P.
Hill was colonel, later commanded by Col. James A. Walker
(afterwards commander of the Stonewall Brigade) and by
Col. James Barbour Terrell, also promoted to be brigadier
general. His record as a soldier is one of those priceless
heritages which his descendants to remote generations can
cherish with patriotic pride. His conspicuous courage in bat-
tle, where he was several times wounded, his unfailing forti-
tude under the hardships which this famous regiment en-
dured, his cheerful comradeship, whether on the tented or
the stricken field, endeared him alike to officers and men.
In the battle of first Cold Harbor he and his brother Herbert
were wounded, the latter dying as the result of his wounds.
His eldest brother. Wilson, was left for dead on the bloody
field of Winchester ; his brother Sheridan, captured at the
fall of Vicksburg, survived the war, as did also his brother
Stanley.
His merit as a soldier won him promotion as vacancies
occurred in his company, and in the latter part of the war he
was commissioned aid-de-camp on the staff of Gen. George
H. Steuart. In 1871 he married Miss Kate Randolph Taylor,
who survives him with six daughters and one son. Another
son, Sheridan, died in early manhood.
In civil life Mr. Newman was held in no less esteem than
as a soldier in war. As all who remember those times well
know, peace had her privations as well as her "victories no
less renow ned than war" ; these he endured and overcame
with like fortitude and patience. A model citizen, he was
looked up to by his neighbors for his civic example of in-
dustry, integrity, and devotion to the State. He fought a
long and brave battle to restore wrecked fortunes, but dis-
ease and age and infirmity ensued ; yet he did not falter nor
turn back, but bore with Christian patience every trial that
came. After more than threescore years and ten he "fell
on sleep" like one who lies down to pleasant dreams based on
noble memories and illuminated by the vision of a better
country and a heavenly which faith discerned beyond the
earthly horizon. W. W. S.
366
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Capt. Joseph H. Fussell.
Capt. Joseph H. Fussell, prominent lawyer, Confederate
veteran, and citizen of Columbia, Tenn., died there on Novem-
ber 4, 1915, having been in failing health for some time.
Captain Fussell was born in Maury County in January, 1836,
and had nearly reached fourscore years of age. He is sur-
vived by his wife and several nieces and nephews. He was
highly educated and exceptionally intellectual and was a law-
yer of profound ability. He was one of the best-known Con-
federate veterans in the State and was at one time prominent
in politics.
A desire to do something for his country was manifested
early in life; for he enlisted at the age of eleven years as an
American soldier to fight the Mexicans, but was rejected on
account of his youth. At the beginning of the War between
the States he enlisted in Forrest's cavalry as a private, but
was soon promoted to the command of a troop of soldiers.
His war experience included participation in seventy battles
without losing a drop of blood. At the battle of Franklin he
was shot through the beard, but was not injured. He was mus-
tered out at Charlotte, N. C, on May 3, 1865, being under
General Wheeler at that time. He returned to his home, in
Columbia; and on January 23, 1873, he was married to Miss
Margarete Roberts, a daughter of Capt. William Tate Rob-
erts and granddaughter of Gen. Isaac Roberts, who was a
general under Washington in the Revolution. He acquired
his education at Jackson College, of Columbia, and received
a law degree. After graduation he began the practice of law
and soon entered politics.
In 1870 Captain Fussell was elected attorney-general of
his district and served creditably until 1886. No public offi-
cer ever discharged his duties with more courage, fidelity, and
ability. All his life Captain Fussell had been an ardent pro-
hibitionist. He was a ruling elder in the Cumberland Pres-
byterian Church, having devoted most of the latter years of
his life to the cause of that Church. He was a member of
the Board of Publication, President of the Legal Board, and
State Clerk of the Tennessee Synod. In 1910 he was unani-
mously elected Moderator of the General Assembly which
convened at Dickson, where the Cumberland Presbyterian
Church had been organized a hundred years before.
Captain Fussell was a man of sterling honesty and of high
moral standards. He was a sincere and unselfish friend, a
devoted husband, a strong patriot, and a high-class citizen.
He was prominent in fraternal circles, having been a Mason,
a Knight Templar, and a Knight of Pythias. He was looked
upon as a leader among the Confederate veterans of his
county and was always interested in the annual reunions.
Jerome B. Coyle.
Jerome B. Coyle died at his home, near Charlestown, W.
Va., March 15, 1916, aged seventy-two years. He was born
in Berkeley County, Va. (now West Virginia), October 21,
1843, but had been a resident of Jefferson County since early
manhood.
In 1862, when a lad of eighteen years, he volunteered in
Company A, 12th Virginia Cavalry, General Rosser's brigade,
and served in the great strife for Southern independence from
Fredericksburg to Appomattox. His comrades have said
he was a brave and dutiful soldier on many hard-fought
fields. Since the war he had been a farmer and was highly
respected by his friends and neighbors. He is survived by
one daughter, Miss Hallie Coyle.
[Tribute by his friend and comrade, H. T. Miley.]
J. M. Trosper.
J. M. Trosper. Sr.. was born in Knox County, Ky., May
10, 1835, removed to Texas in 1859, and died in that State on
February 12, 1916. He enlisted April 19, 1861, at Marshall,
Tex., for one year in Company F, 2d Regiment of Texas
Mounted Rifles. At the expiration of his term of service he
returned home, raised a company of cavalry (Company K,
28th Texas Cavalry), and served throughout the war, being
honorably discharged at the surrender in 1865. He then went
to Bethany, La., and there engaged in the mercantile business.
In 1867 he was married to Miss Anna Mays, of South Caro-
lina, who died in February. 1910, survived by three children —
J. M. Trosper, Jr., of Greenwood, La.; Mrs. J. C. Miller, of
Ponca City, Okla. ; and Mrs. H. F. Edgar, of Bethany, La.
In May, 1912, he was married to Miss Elodie Trepagnier, of
New Orleans, La., who survives him.
Comrade Trosper was a member of W. C. Lane Camp, U.
C. V, at Marshall. Tex.
Dr. E. B. Moseley.
Dr. Elijah Bucklie Moseley was born in Dallas County, Ala.,
May 25, 1835, and died in the same county June 12, 1916. His
early education was received at Orrville Academy, which a
generation ago sent out a large number of men who filled
places of trust in
Church and State.
When the call of
the Confederacy was
sounded, his brave
young spirit respond-
ed promptly. He en-
listed as a private in
the volunteer com-
pany organized by
Capt. C. C. Pegues at
Cahaba, Ala., in
April, 1861 ; but be-
fore the expiration of
the year his soldierly
qualities were recog-
nized, and on Janu-
ary 7, 1862, he was
elected second lieu-
tenant. On the reor-
ganization of the
company in April, |
1862, he was elected
captain of Company
G, Sth Alabama In-
fantry, known as the
"Cahaba Rifles," a company which rendered conspicuous
service ; only four members now survive. Dr. Moseley
served with great bravery and distinction in the Army of
Northern Virginia. He was wounded in the battle of Mal-
vern Hill July I, 1862, and also at Gettysburg on July 1,1
1863. He graduated from Tulane Medical College in 1868,
returned to Dallas County, and there practiced for half a
century. His first wife was Miss Annie H. Edwards. Hi
second marriage was to Miss Ann P. Howell. Two daugh
ters and a son, children of the two marriages, survive him
After the religious services of his burial at Orrville, tin
members of Camp Jones, U. C. V.. of Selma. Ala., conductedj
the funeral by the Camp ritual.
DR. E. B MOSELEY.
Qopfederat^ Ueteraij.
367
Henry Clay Erwin.
Henry Clay Erwin, patriot, soldier, and Christian gentleman,
entered the higher life on February 11, 1915. ripe in man's
allotted years and also in those virtues that form and trans-
form character. Excelling in many traits, he stood aloft like
some lone tree in a forest, commanding reverence, yet offer-
ing beneath its wide arms hospitality and protection. The
spirit of the mountains among which he lived seemed to abide
in his sturdy integrity and pure faith. His parents moved
from North Carolina in the thirties and settled near Fair
Mountain, Ga., at the time of the Cherokee exodus from their
laughing waters and happy valleys to the plains of the far
West. There on October 12, 1844. this son was born. As his
mountains glowed in answer to the touch of the rising sun.
our soldier boy, with the ardent chivalry of his Scotch and
English ancestry, responded to his country's call. In 1862
while a student at Marietta Military Academy, at the early
age of eighteen he enlisted at Kingston. Ga.. joining Compam
E, under Capt. Jeff Johnson, in the 4th Georgia Cavalry, com-
manded by Col. I. W. Avery, which won and sus ained distinc-
tion and honor until the war ended.
Henry Erwin was made first lieutenant, but from necessity
led his company in all its important engagements. He fol-
lowed the fates of war from his first battle at Chickamauga
through Tennessee and all along the W, anil A. Railroad
in North Georgia. During the first day of the bar
Resaca, May 14. 1S64. he was \\ < lunded in a skirmish at Tan-
ner's Ferry, three miles south of Resaca and wesl of Calhoun.
On his way home on furlough he was captured by a 1
Stoneman's Cavalry, but escaped prison by the humani
cision of the surgeon in charge, who pronounced In- wound
too serious for long travel. Learning that he had an aunt
at Gainesville, not far away, he was sent to her good care.
There the released prisoner soon recovered and. despite the
remonstrance of friends and surgeons, determined to rejoin
his company in Middle Tennessee during the invasion of
1 ongstreet.
Unwilling to pass his loved home en n ute without making
a visit, he concealed his horse some distance from the house
and soon joined his family, whose joy was lost in wi ndei
over the miracle of his entrance and doubt of the chance of
his escape; for the enemy had surrounded the place 011 a
looting expedition, Trusting his fate to thi God who
sleeps, he rested until early morn. In taking his departure
he hid himself in the tall weeds between the yard and or-
chard, but was soon alarmed by the clamor of pursued
chickens and the running of the hungry Yankees in every
direction. Just here a Southern woman's sagacity, tact, or
intuitive protection of her offspring served its purpose well.
Quickly pulling from concealment a coop of tine fryers. Mrs.
Erwin called the willing pursuers around her and slowly
gave each a chicken, while her son made good his escape.
Regaining his company. Lieutenant Erwin continued to hold
the esteem and trust of all who knew him. demonstrating his
intrepid courage and convictions of right unto the finish and
through later years in every phase of his long, good life of
Christian soldiership. Returning to farm life in 1865. lie
soon sued the means to finish his education at Emory and
Henry College, in Virginia, and in six years was happily
married to Miss Mary Adclia Harlan, the eldest (Iaughti r of
'Hon. James M. Harlan, whose graces of Christian woman-
hood live anew in her fine chili' :hcr with the sterling
of him whose memorj wi delight to honor.
\1T FIELD \KKUWsMlTll.
Capt. Field Arrowsmith.
"The battle's o'er, the victory won," and in the pi
quiet of Maplewood is laid to rest all that is earthly of our
friend and comrade, Field Arrowsmith. He was born in
Giles County, Tenn., on July 7. 1830, he lived beyond the
allotted span, and in the fullness of years well spent i
service of his Master and his country he "fell on sleep" .0
midnight. April 30, 1016. As gentle and pure as a woman
in thought and act,,
an exemplar of right-
eous living, a citizen
of blameless charac-
ter, a Christian with-
out dissimulation, and
a soldier of the
Southern arms who
his breast to
four
long years without
or faltcrr
the epitome of his
truly "tin
tlest are the bravest."
Enlisting as a private
in Company B,
ssee Infantry,
1, he was made
orderly sergeai
the company; was
captured at Fort
Donelson in Febru-
ary. 186 ' September, 1862; wounded at Chicka-
in September. 1863, and again at Powder Springs in
June. 1864. He was 1 Ueted captain of his company after
the battle of Chickamauga. At the reorganization of the
army in North Carolina, in 1865, the 32d was consolidated
into one company, of which he was elected captain, and as-
signed to the Fourth Consolidated Keginuul under Colonel
Searcy. Paroled at Grei N. C, in April. 1865. be
returned to I'ulaski, Tenn.. where, as one of its leading mer-
chants, he brought to the restoration of his broken fortune
and the upbuilding of his ruined country all the ener|
an unbroken spirit and the inspiration of a courage that,
"making no apologies for the past." looked forward with
Christian hope and helpfulness to the confirmation of all
that was besl < in God's good time) in the cause to which
he had consecrated tin 1" st years of his young manhi
This is a short sketch of a life that deserves a better his-
tory; but the love and devotion of a noble wife, the abid-
ing esteem of his old comrades in arms and of th.
munity in which he lived will hold his memory as a
heritage.
Mks. Martha E. Williams Scott.
Mr--. Martha Elizabeth Williams Scott, wife of Mai. C. R.
Scott, died at her home, in Montgomery, Tex., on her sixty-
ninth birthday. She was born in Greenville. Ala., March 30,
184; In 185; her father. William Stone Williams, moved
rnily to Texas, which State continued to her home until
her death. March 30. 1916. She was a true Southern girl
who spun. wove, and wore the "homespun dress" of the
sixties. She was happily married to Maj. C. R. Scott in
December, [884, and is survived by her husband, tw.
ter, who, with numerous othei relatives, mourn the
■ 1. '11 fi '1 1\ ed.
368
^opfederat^ Vetera^.
Capt. John Orr.
Capt. John Orr, one of the pioneer merchants of Calvert.
Tex., died in Austin, Tex., on April 22, 1916, and was buried
there. He was born at Montreal, Canada. February 4, 1840.
When sixteen years old he went to Demerara, South America,
where he was employed handling the Hindu coolies on the
British government sugar farms. Early in i860 he went to
New Orleans, La., and was connected with the press until
April, 1861. When war between the States broke out, he
enlisted in the Confederate army as a private and was elected
first lieutenant of his company, which became a part of the
6th Louisiana Infantry. Isaac G. Seymour was the first
colonel; and John Orr was made adjutant with rank of cap-
tain and held this position until he was captured, in the spring
of 1863. His regiment was in the first battle of Manassas and
with Stonewall Jackson in his valley campaign, in the 8th
Brigade under Gen. Dick Taylor, and also in the Seven Days'
fights around Richmond. Here Colonel Seymour was killed,
and Maj. H. B. Strong became colonel of the 6th Louisiana
Infantry. In the march against Pope with Jackson at the
Second Manasses, Harry T. Hayes commanded the bri-
gade— 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Regiments— in this battle.
Hayes's Brigade held the railroad cut without a cartridge and
no weapons except the rocks along the new railroad. When
the battle was over, the cut was filled with dead Confederates
and Yankees. Orr's regiment was with Jackson at the capture
of Harper's Ferry just before the battle of Sharpsburg. In this
battle, on September 17, 1862, the brigade of Harry Hayes, on
General Lee's left wing under Jackson, was almost decimated,
Colonel Strong being killed and almost all of the field officers
either killed or wounded. Captain Orr participated with con-
spicuous gallantry in all the battles from First Manassas to
Fredericksburg except the Seven Days' fighting around Rich-
mond. He was wounded at Winchester and was in the hos-
pital at Lynchburg almost two months, getting back to his
command just in time for Second Manassas. In his report
General Hayes said : "Particularly would I call attention to
the conspicuous gallantry of Captain Orr, adjutant of the 6th
Louisiana Regiment, who was the first to mount the parapet
of the enemy's redoubt, receiving while doing so a severe
bayonet wound in the side. In an engagement near Culpepper
Courthouse in 1863 three or four companies of the 5th and
6th Regiments were captured by the Yankees and with them
Adjutant Orr. He was sent, with about two hundred other
Confederate officers, to the military prison at Johnson's Island,
in Lake Erie, where he was kept a prisoner for seventeen
months. He was made postmaster of his ward, containing
one hundred and twenty-four other officers. In 191 1, forty-
seven years afterwards, he made out from memory a list of
the name, rank, and command of these one hundred and
twenty-four officers, which was published in the Veteran and
materially assisted several Sons of Confederate Veterans in
proving the records of their kinsmen.
Captain Orr went to Texas in 1865 and was in business in
different cities until 1885, when he settled permanently in
Austin, where he was known and appreciated for his sterling
worth as a man and citizen.
Captain Orr was married to Miss Emma Hanna, oldest
daughter of Maj. J. S. Hanna, in December, 1868. She died
in January, 1870. In June, 1871, he married Laura K. Allen,
of Milam County. Of this union were born seven children,
of whom two sons and two daughters survive him. John
Orr stood high in the Blue Lodge of Masonry, in the Chapter,
and in the Commandery.
John W. Story.
When the tocsin of war was sounded in the spring of 1861,
it is said that all the men of Southern sentiment in the little
county of Fentress, in the spurs of the East Tennessee moun-
tains, able to perform military duty formed into one company
of cavalry of eighty or ninety men. W. Scott Bledsoe, a born
soldier, was made captain, and the company did much effective
service under Zollicoffer, including the disastrous engagement
at Mill Springs. The company was acting independently at
JOHN W. STORY.
Shiloh and in the Kentucky campaign under Bragg, but
after the return of Bragg's army to Tennessee, in the fall
of 1862, there was a reoganization, and it was then that
the 4th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Col.
Baxter Smith, was formed, and Captain Bledsoe's company
was added to it as Company I. The latter was made major
of the regiment, and his brother Robert became captain of
Company I.
John W. Story, a member of Company I, had made a fine
record as a soldier in all of the important engagements of
Johnston's army, and at Bentonville he displayed such con
spicuous gallantry, witnessed by Colonel Smith, that he was
brevetted lieutenant on the field and thereafter commanded
his company, Capt. Robert Bledsoe having been killed previ-
ously. To Lieutenant Story no higher tribute could be paid
than that of Maj. George B. Guild Adjutant of the 4th Ten-
nessee Cavalry, in his book entitled "A Brief Narrative of
the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment," in which he says
"John W. Story, now a prominent member of the bar at
Harrison, Ark., furnishes the casualty list of Company I.
He was the sergeant of his company for some time during
the war and was one of the best we had. As adjutant of
the regiment, I never had trouble with his reports or the
many orders made on his company for information ; they
were always clear, concise, and exactly what was called for.
He was made a lieutenant on the field of Bentonville for
his bravery and efficiency in every duty as a soldier. H3
was in every engagement and was wounded twice in battle
on both occasions seriously."
QoQfederat^ l/eterai).
569
Of such a record his friends and relatives may well be
proud. John W. Story was born in Fentress County, Tenn.,
in 1841. He graduated from the Law Department of Cum-
berland University in 1868 and practiced law at Lebanon,
Tenn., and at Sherman, Tex., before going to Arkansas in
1885. In Harrison he was known as a lawyer of fine ability
and upright character ; he was an active Presbyterian, a
stanch Democrat, and a Knight Templar. His death oc-
curred in Birmingham, Ala., on March 10. 1916. and he was
taken back to Arkansas and buried by the side of his wife
in the old cemetery at Harrison. Two sons and a daughter
survive him— Mrs. Kate Lanier, of Forrest City, Ark., Dr.
Gorce Story, of Washington, and Dr. John Story, of Bir-
mingham, Ala.
James Edward Herrell.
James E. Herrell. who was born March 24. i S4.1. and died
March 11, 1916, was a native of Fauquier County. Va., but in
childhood moved to Prince William. At the outbreak of the
War between the States, while yet a mere lad, he enlisted as
a private in Company F, 17th Virginia Volunteers. During
the four years of strife, through meritorious service, coi
and gallantry, he rose from the ranks to sergeant, then lieu-
tenant, and finally to the captaincy of his compan J
After the close of the war Captain Herrell entered the
mercantile field and conducted several business enterprises.
He became a candidate for sheriff, and to avoid a contest he
was made a deputy. After serving in this capacity for some
time, he was made deputy clerk under the late Captain Edwin
Nelson. In 1900 he was elected to the office of County Treas-
urer, which office he held until 1912, when he retired as Treas-
urer to take up his new duties as Clerk of Prince William
County, which office he held at the time of his death. He was
a man competent and highly qualified as a public servant : and
his faithful, valuable, and unimpeachable services as an official
made him the friend of Prince William citizens, who hold dear
their trust, honor, and respect for him. Aside from his public
life, men and women throughout the commonwealth knew him
for just what he was — generous, whole-souled, honest, and
conscientious — for his services as a friend were never-failing.
His life was filled with generous, kindly deeds. Surviving him
are his wife, six daughters, and one son.
L. A. George.
Another soldier of Wheeler's Cavalry passed from earth
when Labe George breathed his last on June 2. iqk>. at
Demopolis, Ala. He was born in December, 1846. near
Camden, Ala. As soon as he was old enough he enlisted
in Company I, 3d Alabama Cavalry, and fought under Gen.
Joe Wheeler. Four of his brothers also were in the Con-
federate service. After tin war he located in Mobile. Ala.,
as a clerk for Dunlap & Co., but soon worked his way up to
a partnership and was quite successful in the business. He
married Miss Ann Dortch, of Camden, Ala., who, with their
three children, survives him. In 1890 Comrade George r<
moved to Demopolis, Ala., seeking a change on account of
his health. There he established the firm of L. A. George
& Son and conducted it most successfully, also regaining
his health. He was an unusually energetic, active man, and
always enjoyed hunting and fishing. Even after his seven-
tieth birthday he was in the field two or three times a week,
hunting on horseback all day throughout the bird season,
and three weeks previous to his death he spent a day in the
woods fishing. Shortly after this, while working in his gar-
den, he had a severe fall, bruising his chest, which brought
on an attack of pneumonia, causing his death in four days.
He retained his bright, witty disposition to the last. He was
a true gentleman of the Old South' and will be sorely missed
by his many friends. His remains were accompanied to the
grave by the Confederate veterans of Demopolis, and "taps''
was sounded as he was laid away,
John W. II. Porter.
After a lingering illness. John W. H. Porter, Confederate
veteran, attorney, newspaper publisher, and historian, died at
his home, in Portsmouth. Va.. on May 20. nno. at the age of
1 1 nty-four years. In
his death the city loses
one of its most valued
residents. He h a d
been a builder as well
as 1 chronicler oi
events ; he was active
in municipal work,
anil in his writings he
■ .1 n \ x.iluable
records of the great
War between the
He was Ad-
jutant of Stonewall
Camp, Confederate
Veterans, for a long
time, and was also a
consistent member of
the Monumental M.
E. < 1 inrch.
Mi Portei was the
scion of a distin-
guished Norfolk County family. His father was a famous
naval constructor and the first designer of a -team-propelled,
ironclad fighting vessel. John W. H. Porter received his
education at the Portsmouth schools and the University of
Virginia. He was at college when the war began and as a
member of the student body assisted in the taking of Harper's
Ferry in 1861. He then returned to Portsmouth and enlisted
in the Confederate army with the "Old Dominion Guard"
the age of nineteen. Subsequently he was transferred to the
Signal Corps and later to the infantry, receiving promotion
to a lieutenancy. After the war he studied law and was ad-
mitted to practice in 1866. He was elected City Attorney in
1872 and served for seven years. He then went into the
newspaper business and conducted the Portsmouth Daily
Enterprise until 18S0. when he resumed his legal practice.
In [883 he was elected to the Virginia Legislature and served
two successive terms. Mr. Porter married, in 1869, the daugh-
ter of Owen- D. Ball, of Baltimore, and is survived by his
wife and son.
William C. Cauly.
William C. Cauly died at the home of his daughter. Mrs.
W. S, Shannon, in Durant. Okla., March 22, 1916. He was
born in the State of Alabama April 5, 1844; but went to Mis-
sissippi when a boy and served throughout the war as a
member of Company C. 30th Mississippi Infantry, Walthall's
Brigade. He moved to Texas in 1869, settling in Collin
County. He reared a large family of daughters, only two of
whom survive — Mrs. Dickson, of Davis, and Mrs. Shannon,
of Durant. his home being with the latter for fifteen years.
JOHN W. H. TORTER.
370 Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
TJlniteb ^Daughters of the Confeberac^
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odeniieimer, President General
Washington, D. C.
Mns. J. II. Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal First Vice President General
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Troy, Ala Second Vice President General
Mrs. Lull- A. Lovell, Denver, Colo Third Vice President General
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Newton, N. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. W, F. Baker, Savannah, Ga Corresponding Secretary General
Mrs. C. B. T\te, Pulaski, Va Treasurer General
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Little Rock, Ark Registrar Genera!
Miss Mildrep Rutherford, Athens, G-.i Historian General
Mrs. John W. Tench, Gainesville, Flu Custodian Cross of Honor
Mrs. W. K. Beard, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian Flags and Pennants
'r*Cou& W/aAras 9/famory tStvrna/ '
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
Dear Daughters: I have been asked by several members
whether there is any probability of our not being able to hold
our next Convention at Dallas, Tex., on account of conditions
on the border. Apart from the fact that Dallas is five hundred
miles from the border, Congressmen whom I have consulted
see no reason for believing that anything will occur to justify
changing our place of meeting.
The amount contributed toward Arlington Monument Fund
since the last statement is $1,287.12. Mr. Streater writes me
that he has sent the detailed report to the Veteran, which I
hope all of you will read and realize how little effort it will take
now to raise the remaining sum due before the Dallas meet-
ing. It behooves each one to contribute the ten cents for which
I have asked, or as much more as individuals, Chapters, and
Divisions can afford, to make up for delinquents, as my appeal
may not reach all. I have attended burials of veterans in the
Confederate section of Arlington during the past year. There
is a dignity and stateliness about them — the casket draped
with the battle flag, the United States Regulars firing volleys,
the last bugle call, comrades reverently standing around, and,
towering in all its glory, our tribute, the superb monument.
Mrs. Eugene Little. President of the North Carolina Division,
and I made a study of this work about a month ago, and we
both felt that words could never express the grandeur of its
conception.
Mrs. Alexander B. White, Director General of Shiloh Monu-
ment, has recently returned from Chicago, where she went to
inspect the nearly finished monument. She writes that it will
be far more beautiful than she anticipated and that she hopes
we will be able in the early fall to unveil on Shiloh battle
field a monument to our Confederate dead equally as beautiful
as the one at Arlington. Daughters, cannot we have every
penny for this monument on hand then? The Sons of Vet-
erans contributed most liberally, both in cash and pledges,
during the Reunion in Birmingham, and only a few thousand
dollars more will be needed.
I feel more encouraged about the sum for the window to be
placed in the Red Cross Building to the women of the sixties.
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Treasurer General, reports having $678.80 to
its credit, and Mrs. A. C. McKimbrough has collected about
$500, which, in accordance with the ruling of the San Fran-
cisco Convention, she will turn over to Mrs. Tate. There are
many States yet to be heard from with their contributions.
Miss Mabel Boardman, President of the Red Cross Society,
writes that she plans to have a "memorial book," beautifully
bound, in which will be inscribed the names of contributors
to the window and names of individuals in whose memory
gifts are made. This book will be placed in a glass case in the
Assembly Room.
For several years the Children of the Confederacy have been
foremost in my mind ; and from numerous letters I receive
regarding them. I am more impressed than ever with the im-
portance of having them become more closely allied to the
general society. Mrs. Philip Holt, Director of the Children
of the Confederacy of North Carolina, was authorized by me
to offer at the Dallas Convention a very beautiful banner to
be given the Children's Chapter sending in the best article,
only one article to be sent in from each State. Mrs. Holt is
chairman of this contest, and all inquiries must be made to
her at Rocky Mount, N. C.
While I 'have not been able to answer all inquiries about
the cotton tax collected between 1863-68, I have left no stone
unturned to inform myself on the subject and have made sev-
eral visits to Senators, Congressman, and officials of the Treas-
ury Department regarding it During the present session of
Congress thirteen bills relating to it have been introduced in
the House and one in the Senate. Of course the money col-
lected is not, as many suppose, lying in a lump sum in the
Treasury, awaiting payment to lawful claimants, and all indi-
cations are that an indefinite time will elapse before it is de-
cided whether any portion of the sixty-eight million dollars
shall be returned to its rightful owners or their heirs.
On July 12 I appeared with General Estopinal and Captain
DeLeon before the House Committee of Military Affairs at a
hearing of the Works billl. While the greater number of the
committee appeared to be in favor of the bill, I realize that
the unsettled condition of the country will most likely retard
for some time the passage of any bills of such character.
Therefore I trust that you will urge your State Senators and
Representatives to raise their veterans' pensions to at least
ten dollars a month, the amount given by Tennessee, Ken-
tucky, Missouri, Florida, and Oklahoma.
The great grief that has fallen upon the President of the
Tennessee Division in the death of her husband, Mr. J. Nor-
ment Powell, is shared, I know, by all her associates. Mr.
Powell, at the recent Tennessee Convention held at Johnson
City, won the hearts of all who attended by his graciousness
and desire to do all in his power for the welfare of the United
Daughters of the Confederacy, and I feel that we have lost a
valuable coworker.
Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General.
"The things of every day are all so sweet:
The morning meadows wet with dew ;
The dance of daisies in the moon ; the blue
Of far-off hills where twilight shadows lie ;
The night with all its mysteries of sound,
The silence and God's starry sky.
O life, the whole life, is far too fleet;
The things of every day are all so sweet."
Qopfederat^ tfeterap.
3/i
THE MISSISSIPPI DIVISION.
The Mississippi Division extends most cordial greetings to
sister Divisions and Chapters and announces the unanimous
indorsement at the recent State Convention at Gulfport, Miss.,
of Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, former Historian and President of
the Mississippi Division, for the office of Historian General
of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and her name
will be presented for that office at our coming Convention at
Dallas, Tex.
Mrs. Rose is known and beloved by all the United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy, and the Mississippi Division feels
that words would be superfluous as to her fitness for this
office. Her work speaks for itself, and she has rendered
invaluable service to the South in writing the history of the
Ku-Klux Klan.
Mrs. Rose has given much of her time in research and
study to advance the cause of Southern history, and the
United Daughters of the Confederacy as an organization
will be safe in placing our historical work in the hands of
this loyal Daughter.
With an abiding faith in Mrs. Rose's ability, the Missis-
sippi Division earnestly asks and will appreciate the support
of the Divisions and Chapters in electing her to the impor-
tant office of General Historian. U. D. C.
Cordially, Virginia R. Price,
President Mississippi Division U. D. C.
Mrs. Merchant's mother's home was on the Warrenton
Turnpike, about three miles from Fredericksburg, on the
north side of the Rappahannock, and from 1862 until the close
of the war they were in the Union lines, their yard a camp
and their parlor headquarters for a general.
Mrs. Merchant is a descendant of the Andersons, Ran-
dolphs, Flemmings, Keiths, and Fords, of Virginia.
THE VIRGINIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. GLASSELL FITZHUGH. CHARLOTTESVILLE,
Great interest is being manifested by the Virginia Division
in the candidacy of Mrs. W. C. X. Merchant, of Chatham,
for Recording Secretary General next fall. In presenting
Mrs. Merchant's name for this important office it is but our
continued trust in one whose faithful service in memory of
our beloved cause has been inestimable and the assurance that,
if elected, her experience, her untiring energy, and her devo-
ton to this organization — the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy— will render her an officer of whom not only the
Virginia Division, but the General Division also, will be justly
proud.
Mrs. Merchant is the great-niece of John Anderson, cap-
tain of militia, Fredericksburg. Va., who took his company
from that place to Harper's Ferry at the time of John Brown's
raid and afterwards took the same company into the Con-
federate army. The following is a record of her wonderful
service in the U. D. C. work :
Mrs. Merchant is a charter member of Rawley-Martin
Chapter, Chatham, Va.. organized in May, 1896, and was its
first Secretary. She was State Registrar for two years. State
Treasurer for two years, and in 1901 was elected President
of the Virginia Division. It was during her term of office
that the union of the Virginia Division and the General Di-
vision was effected.
In 191 1 she was appointed Shiloh Director for Virginia,
and the total amount raised in Virginia from 191 1 to 1915 was
$2,4-5 29. She was elected State Recording Secretary in 1912
and served two years.
Her father was only twelve years of age in July, 1861.
Her paternal grandfather married late in life and was an old
man with a crippled hand and could not hold a gun, but
served as captain of the home guard of his neighborhood.
Her maternal grandfather was forty-three years of age and
volunteered, but was rejected on account of his health.
THE MISSOURI DIVISION.
BY MRS. L. E. WALKER LOXGAX. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT.
In seven States of the South the graves of the soldiers who
wore the gray and fought under the Stars and Bars were
decorated with fragrant flowers on our Memorial Day.
Hannibal Chapter observed the beautiful custom in Palmyra
this year, as that city is located near the center of Marion
County, and the only Confederate monument in the county is
there. The ceremonies at the monument in the courthouse
yard were simple but impressive. An address was delivered
by J. W. Proctor, a Confederate veteran, and Mrs. John J.
Conlon, President of the Hannibal Chapter, made a brief talk
in presenting a large wreath of immortelles on behalf of her
Chapter. At the conclusion the ladies of the Hannibal Chap-
ter scattered violets about the base of the monument.
The Dixie Chapter, of Slater. Mo., has held all regular
meetings during this year, and one special meeting in giving
a luncheon to our Confederate veterans. An interesting
program was rendered, and at the close all sang "Dixie."
We have made the following contributions during the year:
Cunningham Memorial. $5 : Christmas charity. $5 ; window
Red Cross Memorial Building at Washington, D. C. $5:
Ellen Wilson Memorial School. $5; Missouri Educational
Fund. $5; for piano player at Confederate Home. Higginsville.
$1 ; Ella Trader Fund, $1.
The Margaret A. E. McLure Chapter, of St. Louis, is of-
fering a four years' scholarship at Missouri State University.
all expenses paid, to a young lady of Southern lineage living
in Missouri who is unable financially to pay necessary ex-
penses. For further information, apply to either Mrs. E. W.
Cooke, 5729 Cates Avenue. Mrs. W. A. Johnson. 325 Westgate
Avenue, or Mrs. Lula D. Hynson, 6042 Waterman Avenue
Mrs. John Francis Davis, of Stonewall Chapter. Kansas
City, Mo.. ex-Historian of the Missouri Division and Chaiman
of the Historical Committee, writes. "Widespread interest is
manifested among the Daughters of the Missouri Division in
the efforts of the Historical Committee to place the history.
'The South in the Building of the Nation, ' in our five State
Normals and in our public libraries. Through many years
there has been a growing want for such a series of books as
would present Southern literature along with its correlated
branches of research in history, intellectul activities of other
sorts, folklore, and politics. The value of these books to the
loyal women of the South in perpetuating a fast-disappearing
history is incalculable. A number of Chapters in the Missouri
Division are aiding in placing a set of these histories where
the youth of our State may have access to them. The effort
will go hand in hand with our educational work."
Jirs. Elma Ealy, Chairman of the Educational Committee.
Missouri Division, has been appointed editor for the Cape Gi-
rardeau Chapter, and reports ten dollars voted for subscrip*
tions to the Confederate Veteran. This is most worthy of
emulation. Twenty-five dollars was va-ted for educational
work.
Mrs. Alexander H. Major is editor of the St. Louis Chapter,
No. 624, which, with a membership of one hundred and thirty-
17-
C^opfederat^ Ueteraq
five, is the largest Chapter in the city. Steadfastly the pur-
poses of the organization are being carried out. The unveiling
of the $25,000 Confederate monument in December, 1914,
marked the close of a long and faithful effort, this Chapter
being the largest contributor to the monument fund. Its
greatest benevolent work has been in caring for veterans and
their wives. The contribution to charity is about twenty dol-
lars per month. St. Louis Chapter has the only young ladies'
auxiliary in the State, its members being young ladies over
seventeen years of age ; and it also has the Robert E. Lee
Chapter No. 1, Children of the Cenfederacy, the first Chapter
in the State to receive a charter. Its membership is about
forty, the ages ranging from infancy to seventeen years.
Among the contributions of the St. Louis Chapter this year
is that of twenty-five dollars for the Southern Memorial Win-
dow in the Red Cross Building at Washington.
THE LOUISIANA DIVISION.
The following lines were written by Mrs. E. C. T. Long-
mire, President of the Fitzhugh Lee Chapter of New Orleans
and Registrar of the Louisiana Division, and are to be sung
to the air of "The Bonnie Blue Flag" by the Children of the
Confederacy. These lines have been officially approved and
commended by Camp Beauregard, S. C. V., of New Orleans,
by the Louisiana Division in convention at Shreveport in May,
1916, and by the United Confederate Veterans at the Birming-
ham Reunion ; also by Miss Mildred Rutherford, Historian
C, by Gen. B. H. Young, ex-Commander in
and by Gen. Marcus Wright, of Confederate
General \J. D.
Chief U. D. C,
fame.
The Bonnie Blue Flag.
"We are a band of children
Who represent to-day
The men who fought for Southern rights
In uniforms of gray.
For four long years, through shot and shell,
They strove for liberty
With Stonewall Jackson, Beauregard,
And glorious Robert Lee.
Chorus.
Hurrah, hurrah ! For Southern rights hurrah !
Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag
That bears a single star !
We're proud to know that for all time
History with glowing pen
Shall tell the grand, heroic deeds
Of our brave Southern men.
Though loyal to the Stripes and Stars
That float on high to-day,
Our hearts enshrine the Stars and Bars
Borne by the boys in gray."
THE MEMORIAL WINDOW.
Greenwood, Miss.
To the Daughters of the Confederacy and Sons of Con-
federate Veterans: As chairman of the U. D. C. committee, I
made a call through the Confederate Veteran some months
ago in behalf of a memorial window to be placed in the
Memorial Building now under construction in Washington,
D. C, to the women of the North and of the South during
the War between the States.
The building will soon be ready for the windows — one to
the women of the North, one to the women of the South,
and a central window to the women of the reunited coun-
try (this window is to typify the work done by our mothers
during the war and will be known as the Red Cross win-
dow, and we have not yet so much as let the contract. I
am, therefore, asking you to make your contributions as
soon as possible. I am sure you all desire a part in this
beautiful tribute of love to our mothers and will assist the
committee in raising funds for the purpose. Your assistance
in consummating this work is earnestly desired. We hope
the windows will be ready to unveil at the time of the Con-
federate Reunion in Washington next spring.
Some of the Divisions have responded most generously,
notably California and New York. North Carolina is also
sending in her quota. Less than $1,000 has been collected,
and it will require $5,000 to place the windows.
Hoping that you will give us your assistance, sincerely,
Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrouch.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
April ii to July i, 1916.
Alabama: R. D. Jackson Chapter, $1; Troy Chapter, $5;
Pelham Chapter. $10: Stonewall Jackson Chapter, $1; Stone-
wall Chapter, $1; Charter Chapter, $1; Dixie Chapter, $2;
John H. Forney Chapter, $3.40; Forrest-Sanson Chapter. $2;
Franklin Chapter, Si; Mildred Lee Chapter, $5; Sidney La-
nier Chapter, $5 ; William Brightman Chapter, $1 ; Dadeville
Chapter, $1 ; William L. Yancey Chapter, $2 ; Tuskegee Chap-
ter, $1 : R. E. Lee Chapter, $2 ; Cradle of Confederacy Chap-
ter, $2 ; R. E. Rodes Chapter, $3.50 ; Cherokee Confederates
Chapter, $2; Electra Semmes Colston Chapter, $5; J. E. B,
Stuart Chapter, $1. Total, $57.90.
Arkansas : D. C. Govan Chapter, Marianna, $25 ; F. I. Bat-
son Chapter. Clarksville, $5; J. M. Keller Chapter, Little
Rock, $5 ; H. L. Grinstead Chapter, Camden, $5 ; Margaret
Rose Chapter. C. of C, Little Rock, $5; Col. J. A. Dean
Chapter, C. of C, Little Rock, $5 ; Memorial Chapter, Little
Rock, $50; J. F. Fagin Chapter, Benton, $5; Harris Flana-
gan Chapter, Arkadelphia, $3.25 ; Nannie A. Dooley Chapter,
DeQueen, $9; J. R. H. Scott Chapter, Russellville, $5: Char-
ley Coffin Chapter, Walnut Ridge, $5 ; Anna V. Folsom Chap-
ter, Hope, $2.50 : Margaret Davis Hayes Chapter, DeWitt,
$12.31; Hot Springs Chapter, $5; Prairie Grove Chapter,
$2.50; Elliott Fletcher Chapter, Blytheville, $25; Mr. H. H.
Hunter (personal). $1. Total, $175.56.
California: Jefferson Davis Chapter, No. 540, $25; John H.
Reagan Chapter, $3; John G. Brooks Chapter, $6; A. S.
Johnston Chapter, San Francisco, $209 ; Mildred Lee Chapter,
$2; Joseph Le Conte Chapter, Berkeley, $51.50; Mrs. C. L.
Trabert (for Joseph Le Conte Chapter), $5; Mrs. W. B.
Pressley (for Joseph Le Conte Chapter), $1; Mrs. J. C.
Thompson (for Sterling Price Chapter), $5; Mrs. Barrett
(for Mildred Lee Chapter), $5; Gen. John B. Gordon Chap-
ter, $2; Los Angeles Chapter, $10; Mrs. C. E. Ritchie (for
A. S. Johnston Chapter), San Francisco, $5; Wade Hampton
Chapter, Los Angeles, $10; Gen. Joseph Wheeler Chapter,
$5. Total, $344-50.
Colorado : Margaret Davis Hayes Chapter, Denver, $5 : N.
B. Forrest Chapter, Pueblo, $3; R. E. Lee Chapter, Grand
Junction, $1; Robert E. Lee Chapter, Denver, $2. Total, $11.
Florida: R. E. Lee Chapter, Dade City, $1; Theodore Bre-
vard Chapter, Inverness, $1 ; John H. Morgan Chapter, Green
Cove Springs, $1 ; Annie P. Sebring Chapter, Jacksonville,
$5; Anna Dummett Chapter, St. Augustine, $10; Winnie
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
373
Davis Chapter, C. of C, Jacksonville, $5 ; W. T. Weeks Chap-
ter, Starke, $2; Southern Cross Chapter. Miami, $5; W. H.
Milton Chapter, Marianna, $2; Mrs. C. B. Rogers (personal),
Jacksonville, $1 ; Fannie Gary Chapter, C. of C, Ocala, $1 ;
Dickinson Chapter, Ocala, $5; Mrs. Warriner (personal),
Jacksonville, $1 ; Annie Carter Lee Chapter, C. of C, Tampa,
$2 ; interest, 39 cents. Total, $42.39.
Georgia: Sylvania Chapter, $5; Hartwell Chapter, $1 ;
Boynton Chapter, Griffin, $2; Agnes Lee Chapter, Decatur,
$2; Chapter A, Augusta, $10; Charlotte Carson Chapter, Tif-
ton, $1.50; J. B. Gordon Chapter, Louisville, $5; Walter A.
Clark Chapter, Hephzibah, $1 ; R. E. Lee Chapter, Douglas,
$2.50; Kennesaw Chapter, Marrietta. $1 ; Fort Tyler Chapter,
West Point, $2; Coweta Chapter, Senora, $10: Atlanta Chap-
ter. $25 : Ogelthorpe Chapter. Lexington, $3 ; Ben Hill Chap-
ter, Fitzgerald, 50 cents ; Jefferson Chapter, $1 ; Last Cabinet
Chapter, Washington, $5 ; Camp 159, U. C. V. (for Atlanta
Chapter), $25; C. A. Evans Chapter, Brunswick, $2; Laura
Rutherford Chapter, Athens, $10; Lily R. Turner Chapter,
C. of C, Barnesville, $1 ; Liberty Chapter, Hinesville, $2.
Total, $117.50.
Illinois: Raphael Semmes Chapter, Chicago, $10; Alton
Chapter. $1. Total, $11.
Kentucky: Cripps Wickliffe Chapter, Bardstown, Shiloh
Day collection, $177; Christian County Chapter, Hopkinsville,
$5; Paducah Chapter, $50; Veterans and Friends of Mayfield
Chapter, $9; Private Robert Tyler Chapter, Hickman, $10.
Total, $75-77-
Mississippi: Tylertown School, $4; Mars Hill School, 50
cents ; Gillsburg School, 25 cents ; East Fork School, 43 cents ;
Centerville School, $2.14; St. Alphonsus Academy (second
donation), McComb, 25 cents; McComb Chapter members
(third donation), $1.25; Corinth Chapter, $17; pupils of Hin-
ton School, $1 ; Mildred M. Humphries Chapter, $5 : Mr. Joe
Malone (personal), Kendrick, $2; Bolivar Troop Chapter,
Cleveland, $5 ; W. A. Montgomery Chapter. Edwards, $5 ; C.
E. Hooker Chapter, Hazelhurst, $7 ; J. Z. George Chapter,
Greenwood, $10; Private Taylor Rucks Chapter, Greenville,
$5 ; La Salle Chapter, D. A. R., through Corinth Chapter. l\
D. C, $30; Dr. C. Kendrick (personal), $25; Clinton College
Rifles Chapter, $5; New Albany Chapter. $5: McComb Chap-
ter, $25 ; F. A. Montgomery Chapter. $5 ; Lyda C. Moore Chap-
ter, Lula, $5. Total, $165.82.
Missouri: Emmett McDonald Chapter, Sedalia. $5; Win-
nie Davis Chapter, Jefferson City. $10: Independence Chap-
ter, $10; George E. Pickett Chapter. Kansas City, $5; J. S.
Marmaduke Chapter, Columbia, $5 : Missouri Division. U.
D. C. $25. Total. $60.
New York: Proceeds of Shiloh entertainment from Mrs.
Read. $90.
New Mexico : Joseph Wheeler Chapter. Roswell. $10.
Oklahoma : Yhos Will Chapter, Sapulpa. $5 : Antlers Chap-
ter. $2: Choctaw Chapter, McAlester, $1. Total. $8.
South Carolina: Williamsburg Chapter. Kinstree. $10; S.
p. Lee Chapter, Clinton, $5 ; Maxey Gregg Chapter, Florence.
$5; Florence Thornhill Chapter. Fort Mill, $5: John Bratton
Chapter. Winnsboro, $10; Marion Chapter. $5: Winthrop Col-
lege Chapter, Rock Hill, $5 ; Batesburg Chapter, $3 ; Spartan
Chapter, Spartanburg, $4; Charleston Chapter. $15; Graham
Chapter, Denmark, $3 ; Andrew Jackson Chapter, Clover, $2 ;
Calvin Crozier Chapter, Newberry. S25 : Secessionville Chap-
ter, James Island, $5 : Moses Wood Chapter, Gaffney, $3 ;
William Wallace Chapter, LTnion. $5 : Ridge Springs Chapter,
■2.50; Fairfax Chapter, $3; Magnolia Auxiliary. C. of C,
Fairfax, $1 ; Paul McMichael Chapter. Orangeburg. $5 ; Wil-
liam Lester Chapter. Prosperity, $5 ; Harts Battery Chapter,
Williston, $2 ; William Gooding Chapter, Brunston, $2 ; Mrs.
H. H. Weyman, Sr., Aiken, $5; Mrs Clark Waring, Colum-
bia, $5 ; Mrs. Otey Read, St. Georges. $1 ; Shiloh post cards
sold by Mrs. Wright, $1.60; Alaban family records sold by
Mrs. Wright, 20 cents. Total, $143.50.
Tennessee: Fifth Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris,
$29.95; J. C. Vaughan Chapter, Sweetwater, $10; Neely Chap-
ter, Bolivar. $5: Jefferson Davis Chapter, Cleveland, $15; M.
C. Goodlett Chapter, Clarksville, $9.50; veteran for Fifth Ten-
nessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $1 ; Johnson City Chapter,
$15; Lebanon Chapter, $10; Joseph Wheeler Chapter, Stan-
ton. $3; John Lauderdale Chapter, Dyersburg. $21.85; Knox-
ville Chapter, $10; Nashville Chapter, No. 1, $10; William
Bate Chapter, Nashville, $10; M. C. McCory Chapter, Jack-
son, $32.37; A. S. Johnston Chapter, Harriman, $1; Fifth
Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $19.50; Mary Latham
Chapter. Memphis. $20: Kirby Smith Chapter, Sewanee, $10;
Mrs. W. B. Dobbins, Columbia. $5 ; cash contributions Ten-
nessee Division convention, $33.25 ; cash collected by Mrs.
White from Sons of Confederate Veterans at Birmingham
Reunion, $78.20; Ab Dinwiddie Chapter. McKenzie. $2;
A. P. Stewart Chapter (for Lee picture), $2.50; Winnie Davis
Chapter, Columbia, $10 ; Agnes L. Whiteside Chapter, Shelby -
ville, $10. Total, $374.12.
Texas: Gonzales Chapter. $5; Marshall Chapter, $10: Bell
County Chapter, Belton. $2.50; Mary West Chapter, Waco,
$10; Sammie G. Neill Chapter, Port Arthur, $2.50; Capt. E.
S. Rugeley Chapter, Bay City, $5; J. E. B. Stuart Chapter,
Wharton, $2.50. Total, $37.50.
Virginia: Agnes Lee Chapter, Franklin, $1; Turner Ashby
Chapter, Harrisonburg, $3; Josephine Blair (personal), Rich-
mond, $1; Mr. Livingston (personal"). East Radford, $1;
Mrs. Caulbourne (personal), Roanoke, $1; Virginia Division,
$50; Albemarle Chapter, Charlottesville, $5; Elliott G. Fish-
burn Chapter, Waynesboro, $1 ; Seventeenth Virginia Regi-
ment Chapter, Alexandria, $5; Suffolk Chapter, $1; Old Do-
minion Chapter, Lynchburg, $2.50; Dr. Harvey Black Chap-
ter, Blacksburg, $3.55; Fluvanna Chapter, Palmyra, $2; Wythe
Grey Chapter, Wytheville, $5 ; Alleghany Chapter, Coving-
ton, $1 ; Fincastle Chapter. $5 ; Danville Chapter, $5 ; Win-
nie Davis Chapter, Buena Vista, $5 ; Stonewall Chapter, Ports-
mouth. $10; Mrs. A. A. Campbell (personal), Wytheville,
$5; Mrs. J. F. F. Cassell (for Staunton Juniors), $50; Mrs.
W. V. Slaughter, Bristol, $1.70; Waynesboro Juniors, $3.75;
Turner Ashby Chapter, Harrisonburg, $1 ; Williamsburg
Chapter, $1 ; Gen. Dabney Maury Chapter, Philadelphia.
$3.22. Total. $173-72.
General Organization, U. D. C. (San Francisco pledge),
$500.
Interest. $398.21.
Disbursements: F. C. Hibbard. payments on monument.
$14,500; Mrs. A. B. White, refund on trip to Chicago, Bir-
mingham, and Shiloh Park, $64.40; Mrs. J. G. Henderson,
refund on trip to Chicago, $35 ; Virginia Division, refund on
purchase price of cards. $10.
Total disbursements since last report, $14,609.40.
Total collections since last report, $2,796.49.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report, $21,184.38.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report and collections.
$23,980.87.
Less disbursements, $14,609.40.
Total in hands of Treasurer to date, $9,371.47.
374
^otyfederat^ Veterai).
Ibistorian Generals page
BY MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD. ATHENS, GA.
The Historian General has been asked to select subjects for
Georgia's essay contest for 1916-17. It would be well for all
States to select the same subjects as far as practicable, so that
helpful material may be furnished by the Historian General
month by month through the pages of the Veteran.
U. D. C. Medal Contest.
Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln. — Their services
to the United States government and the principles for which
each stood in 1861.
Children of the Confederacy Contest.
The Confederate Navy and the Men Who Made It Great. —
The rules governing the contest will be the same as those of
1915-16.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR SEPTEMBER, 1916.
Sumner-Brooks Controversy.
(Answers to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission,'' pages 14 and 15'.)
Ritual.
1. What led to the difficulty between Senator Charles Sum-
ner, of Massachusetts, and Representative Preston Brooks, of
South Carolina?
2. Was the attack justifiable?
3. What was the report as given by the Washington Star
the morning after the attack?
4. What reason was given for misrepresenting the affair?
5. Who defended Mr. Brooks when they wished to expel
him from Congress?
6. Why were two of his friends also asked to be expelled?
7. Give some of the stories of misrepresentations that have
come down in history and literature.
( a ) Smyth's "American Literature."
( b ) Encyclopedia Britannica.
( c ) Dr. Lyman Abbott's version.
8. What has been said by Northern and Southern men to
refute these?
( a ) Lewis Cass, of Massachusetts.
( b ) George Lunt, of Massachusetts.
( c ) Rhodes and Dargan, historians.
(d) Richardson's "American Literature."
(e) Professor at Harvard.
9. Was Congressman Brooks expelled?
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR SEPTEMBER, 1916.
The Romances of History.
(Answers in "Historical Sins of Omission and Commis-
sion," page 13.)
Ritual.
1. Who are the Colonial Dames? What work do they
undertake?
2. Where is Frederica? What spot is marked there by
them?
3. Who are the Daughters of the Revolution? What spot
did they mark at Coleraine?
4. Why is so much more made of the Boston Tea Party
than of the Charleston Tea Party? Should it be?
5. Who was Peggy Stewart? What became of the vessel
named for her?
6. Why was Georgia's Governor buried in effigy? Can any
one tell his name?
7. Tell the story of the Edenton Tea Party.
8. What two vessels were not allowed to land because they
had "some obnoxious stamps on board"?
9. Where do we find the bravest deeds of heroism?
Reading: "Ballad of Emma Sansom."
RAPHAEL SEMMES.
Raphael Semmes was born in Charles County, Md., in 1809
and died at Mobile, Ala., in 1877. He was the author of
"Service Afloat and Ashore during the Mexican War," "The
Campaign of General Scott in the Valley of Mexico," "The
Cruise of the Alabama and Sumter," and "Memoirs of Service
Afloat during the War between the States." He was only
seventeen years of age when he was appointed by John Quincy
Adams midshipman in the United States navy. Realizing that
it was necessary to prepare himself more fully for this posi-
tion, he began a course of study to this end. This act was
indicative of Semmes's character through life. He was never
willing to undertake any responsibility until he had prepared
himself as best he could for it. It was not until he was
twenty-three that he entered into active service at sea, but so
well qualified was he for his position that in a very short time
he was promoted to lieutenant. When the war with Mexico was
declared, he was found ready for service and at the siege of
Vera Cruz commanded the naval batteries on shore.
As soon as his adopted State, Alabama, seceded in i860 he
reported at once to President Davis for service. He was sent
North in order to procure skilled mechanics and to make con-
tracts for light artillery, powder, and other munitions of war.
Apparently he had no trouble in attending to these commis-
sions and succeeded without disguise in shipping thousands
of pounds of powder and large quantities of percussion caps
for use in Confederate warfare. When he reached Montgom-
ery, he was notified that he had been made commander in chief
of the Confederate navy.
The Alabama was built for him under English contract, and
he sailed to the Azores to take command of her. He made
this vessel a terror to Federal commerce and destroyed mil-
lions of dollars in merchandise. The two most noted engage-
ments with other vessels was with the Hatteras in 1863, which
he sank in thirteen minutes, and with the Kearsarge off the
coast of France, which sank the Alabama. The vessel had
been made almost ironproof by chains, and Semmes, not
knowing this, ventured too far. As his vessel was sinking he
threw his sword overboard, jumped with his men into the
sea, and was saved by an English yacht. He was taken to
London, where many honors were shown him and a sword
presented to him to replace the one thrown overboard. The
British government was held responsible for fitting out a ves-
sel for the use of the Confederacy, and after the War between
the States had ended the United States government made a
claim, known as the "Alabama Claim," which had to be set-
tled by arbitration in 1872. The South always felt that Eng-
land was friendly to her.
Admiral Semmes returned to the South by way of Havana
and was sent to guard the approaches to Richmond. He sur-
rendered with the army at Greensboro, N. C, in 1865, but.
was arrested and imprisoned as a traitor for escaping fromi
the sinking Alabama. He was finally released and went to(
(Continued on page 3S0. )
Qoijfederat^ l/eteran.
375
Confeberateb Southern /Ifcemorial association
Mr s. "W. J . Beh an President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwell Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian
1105H Kroad Street, Augusta, Ga.
M^. j. Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
113 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas— -Fayettevi He Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vickshurg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Wamer
North CAROLIM \ — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
SOUTH Carolina — Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beck with
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W, Frazer
VIRGINIA — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis- Roy
Next Convention to be held in Birmingham, Ala,
MEMORIAL HOUR.
[Address by Rev. A. S. Johnston, of Birmingham, at the
memorial service on May 1", 1916, during the Confederate
Reunion.]
Ladies of the Memorial Associations, Daughters of the
Confederacy, and Veterans: We are in sacred precincts to-
day. The heart of the Old South is back in the cradle of the
Confederacy, and the mother love is running high. The long
vista of years has only mellowed this land of memories, and
the afterglow is not one less whit golden or glorious under
the sledge-hammer strokes of impartial time.
It is an hour of heroic memories. We are going to live for
a while, if you please, in the days "when knighthood was in
flower," when sacrifices and patriotism were the chief heritage
of the sons of men. and when valor and glory vied with each
other as they rushed through the g;ites of immortal bravery.
It is a story that stirs the blood of every true son of the
South. It has a splash of the romantic in it. It is the record
of brave men and braver women. The telling of it is but
the chronicle of heroism and suffering that has no equal in
the world's history. It is but a memory now, hut —
"Sing it to those who will lend an ear
To the story this legend shall tell
Of liberty horn of patriot's dream,
Of a storm-cradled nation that fell" —
t is forever embalmed in the heart throbs of the Southern
people.
There is a memorial hush in the land to-day ; the South is
weeping for and remembering her heroic dead. Hit medita-
tion must be unhindered as she makes wreaths of immortelles
for .ill those who died in the red flare of battle under the
stainless banner of the Stars and Bars. We are going to
think of the days of war and the golden days just before the
war. What a land ! What peace and prosperity ! What a
glorious civilization! What men! What wonderful women I
The South was trying to make her own life. She has made
mistakes, but is doing her best to correct them and live them
With all her blemishes, the Old South stands superb.
Well, the shadows of war are hanging over her borders now,
and seriousness and determination go over her countenance;
-he sets her home in order to resist the invader. How they
rush into the ranks! Her choicest, her best are in the front.
Nothing is kept out ; everything goes in. No sacrifice is
:< ' great hut she willingly makes it.
Patriotism must pay her price; so as she writes her name
higher and higher on the scroll of fame, valor leans over the
battlements of glory and lifts the "hero in gray" to a more
exalted place in the realms of military achievement than has
ever been occupied before or since, and the muses of im-
1 mortality hold a conclave over how they could do jo much
with so little. What splendid regiments! What Christian
conduct in the pursuit of war! No nation ever rose so fair
or fell so free from crime.
As wonderful as was her record in the field, the South had
another army about which we hear too little. It was an army
that had no bugle notes to make it brave, no fanfare of trum-
pets and drums to call it to action, no general orders to
call by name those who willingly yielded every sacrifice that
was called for — those, if you please, who fought through pov-
erty, sorrow, and discouragement with more fortitude than
did the men in the ranks. As I lift from a casket of precious
memories deeds bathed in the heart's blood of a nation's love. I
refei to the immortal wives, sweethearts, sisters, and mothers
of the Confederacy, the beginners of this splendid work, the
veteran Memorial women of the South. They are the ones
that, amidst perils too many to mention, "kept the home fires
burning bright" and furnished the courage for the front.
Almost before the echoes of the cavalry bugles of Forrest,
Stuart, Morgan, Joe Wheeler, and Fitz Lee had ceased echoing
among the hills and vales of the Southland, before the fields
that had run red with the lifeblood of her sons in the spring
of 1865 had begun to golden with the harvest of the fall,
these women had begun this memorial work. Very tenderly
the} go to the places where, "under the sod and the dew.
waiting the judgment day." the bones of the Confederate sol-
dier lie neglected ; they gather this sacred dust and take it,
with tears and prayers and the fragrant memory of the fact
that these men died willingly on the battle field with the
sweet assurance that at home they would not be forgotten,
to a place where for all time to come the world may know
and understand that "love makes memory eternal."
Out of that penury of the South, split and riven as she
was by the war, as she rose with pain and heartaches from
the ashes of adversity, these Memorial women broke their
crust of sorrow and at once began to erect monuments and to
write in granite and bronze the true history of the War be-
tween the States. They have labored in season and out of
season. They went on when this work was derided and
abused and misunderstood until to-day success has gloriously
crowned their efforts, and the world is beginning to under-
stand that "truth will out" and the South was right as she
fought for her constitutional liberties. And these Memorial
women still "guard with solemn round the bivouac of the
dead."
"There through the coming ages,
When their sword is rust
And their deeds in classic pages.
Mindful of her trust.
Shall these women, bending lowly.
Still a ceaseless vigil holy
Keep above his dust."
37"
(^opfederat^ tfeterai?
80N3 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized Br July, lSort, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief, Ernest G. Bildwin, Roai > \
Adjutant in Chief , X. B. Forrest, Biluxi, Mi-~.
THE REUNION IN 1917.
The Reunion of the United Confederate Veterans and Sons
of Confederate Veterans to be held in Washington in 1017
has been given impetus by the organization of a central com-
mittee representative of the Southern and Confederate As-
sociations in Washington. The purpose of the Central Com-
mittee is to serve as a clearing house for the Southern
bodies and to cooperate aggressively with the citizens' com-
mittee that will have in charge the preparations for the en-
campment.
The following organizations are included in this Central
Committee : The United Confederate Veterans, the Sons of
Confederate Veterans, the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy, the Southern Society of Washington, the South-
ern Commerical Congress, and the Southern Relief Society.
Dr. Clarence J. Owens, Managing Director of the South-
ern Commercial Congress, was elected Chairman of the Cen-
tral Committee. Mr. F. R. Fravel, a member of the Executive
Council of the Sons of Veterans, was elected Secretary. In
addition to these officers, the Central Committee is made up
as follows : Capt. Fred Beall, David C. Grayson, James T.
Petty, Dr. Samuel E. Lewis, Mrs. Frank G. Odenheimer,
Mrs. Maude Howell Smith, Miss Alice Theabold, W. E.
Brockman, George T. Rawlins. The ex officio members of
the committee are Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, Capt. C. C.
Calhoun, and Miss Nannie Randolph Heth.
The Preparedness Parade.
The Sons of Confederate Veterans and other sons of the
South gave splendid evidence of their allegiance to "Old
Glory" through their participation in the preparedness pa-
rade held in Washington, D. C, June 14. It was but an
expression of the same fealty shown by the sons of the
South in their brilliant participation in the Spanish-Ameri-
can War. The Sons of Confederate Veterans, in convention
at Birmingham, Ala., a few weeks ago, passed resolutions
approving the preparedness program and offering their serv-
ices to the United States.
The sons of the South contingent, several hundred strong,
was headed by Clarence A. Owens, Past Commander in
Chief; W. Everett Brockman, Commander of the Washing-
ton Camp, S. C. V., acting as Adjutant in Chief. The unit
was led by the Sons of Confederate Veterans' Band of
Fredericksburg, Va., followed by a squad carrying a large
United States flag. Then followed the Commander in Chief
of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, Ernest G. Baldwin, of
Roanoke, Va., and his staff.
Prominent among the Sons marching with the Commander
in Chief were H. Owen Lake, Commander in Chief of the
Army and Navy Union; Capt. G. C. Calhoun, President of
the Southern Society of Washington ; Claude N. Bennett,
Past President of the Southern Society ; Past Division Com-
manders of the District of Columbia J. R. Price, Thomas
Raleigh Raines, P. J. Altizer, Wallace Streater, J. E. Penne-
backer, and Abner Ferguson. Many United States Senators
and Representatives from the South marched with this unit,
and Sons of Confederate Veteran Camps from near-by points
in Virginia and Maryland participated. Notable among
these were the Camps located at Leesburg and Fredericks-
burg.
Gen. Albert Estopinal, member of Congress from Louisi-
ana, lias nine sons, six of whom participated in the parade.
Three grandsons of the Confederacy marched with this con-
tingent— Clarence, Hamilton, and Alfred Owens, sons of
Past Commander in Chief Clarence J. Owens. Alfred
Owens. nii>e years of age, in Confederate gray uniform,
marched as the mascot of the Sons section.
Headquarters United Confederate Veterans,
New Orleans, La., June 20, 1916.
General Orders No. 4.
The General commanding desires to direct attention to the
following action taken by the convention held in the city of
Birmingham, Ala., May 16-18, 1916 — to wit:
"Your committee has considered the uniting of the United
Confederate Veterans' organization with the Sons of Confed-
erate Veterans and most cordially indorses the idea that the
organizations be consolidated and that the Sons of Confederate
Veterans' Association be made a part and parcel of the United
Confederate Veterans' Association ; and to that end the com-
mittee recommends that the Commander appoint a member
of the Confederate Veterans' Association of each Division to
have in charge and report at the next meeting of this con-
vention a full plan of such consolidation ; and the committee
also hopes that the Sons of Confederate Veterans will ap-
prove of the same."
This action of the convention is one of the most far-
reaching in its consequences of any ever adopted by this As-
sociation. The feebleness of the members of the United
Confederate Veterans, their inability to discharge properly
the duties required of officers, call for some remedy, and the
infusion of new blood from those who are soon to take the
places of the men who took part in the great conflict of the
sixties cannot but result in immense good, and the intimate
relations which will result from the absorption of the Sons
will be to their permanent advantage.
The subject demands the closest investigation and the most
careful study, and the General commanding hopes that the
subjoined committee, to which the whole matter is referred,
will be able to evolve a feasible plan which will inure to the
benefit of all.
Committee.
Adjt. L. L. Carswell, Sr., Chairman, Savannah, Ga. ; Adjt.
D. R. Flenniken, Columbia, S. C. ; Lieut. Gen. J. S. Carr,
Durham, N. C. ; Lieut. Col. J. N. Stubbs, Woods Cross Roads,
Va. ; Maj. Gen. A. C. Trippe, Baltimore, Md. ; Col. James Z.
McChesney, Charleston, W. Va. ; Lieut. Col. Alden McLel-
lan, New Orleans, La.; Adjt. F. L. Dickinson, Chattanooga,
Tenn. ; Brig. Gen. F. E. Dey, Milton, Fla. ; Adjt. A. W. Mose-
ley, Huntsville, Ala.; Adjt. A. J. Conklin, Vicksburg, Miss.;
Lieut. Col. C. H. Lee, Jr., Falmouth, Ky. ; Brig. Gen. H. G.
Askew, Austin, Tex. ; Brig. Gen. Thomas D. Bard, Chelsea,
Okla.; Maj. Gen. T. C. Love, Springfield, Mo.; Maj. Gen.
V. Y. Cook, Batesville, Ark.; Brig. Gen. Hugh G. Gwyn, San
Diego, Cal.
By command of George P. Harrison,
General Commanding;
William E. Mickle,
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff.
h
^oofcderat^ Veterar).
377
General Headquarters Sons of Confederate
Veterans, Memphis, Tenn., June i, 1916.
Special Orders No. i.
1. The 1917 Reunion of the United Confederate Veterans
and the Sons of Confederate Veterans will be held in the
city of Washington, D. C. In view of the significance of the
acceptance on the part of our fathers of the invitation to
hold this Reunion at the Federal capital, it is incumbent upon
the Sons of Confederate Veterans to take immediate and
aggressive steps to make the occasion a historical and an
epoch-making event.
_>. In order mure fully carry to forward effective plans to
secure the result so ardently desired, it is hereby ordered that
an active executive office be organized and made immediately
ready for service and that the First Assistant Adjutant in
Chief and Chief of Staff be designated to take command of
the general headquarters office in Washington.
3. Comrade Clarence Julian Owens, Past Commander in
Chief, a member of the Washington Camp, Xo. 305, who for
more than a decade has held various grades of rank in the
Confederation, is hereby appointed First Assistant Adjutant
in Chief and Chief of Staff and is ordered to take immediate
command of the Washington general headquarters office.
4. It shall be the duty of the First Assistant Adjutant in
Chief and Chief of Staff to have immediate executive con-
trol of the affairs of the Confederation relating to the 1917
Reunion of the Sons ol Confederate Veterans, and he is
hereby designated as the representative of. the Confederation
in affiliation with the Confederate Veterans and all other per-
sons or agencies that have to do with ways, means, and
plans for the 1917 Reunion. He shall be in active service,
with power to represent the Confederation on all questions
relating to the preparation for, and the holding of. the twenty-
second Reunion of the Confederation from the point of view
of the host city.
I'\ order of ERNEST (",. BALDWIN,
Commani . hie]
Official: X. B. Forrest,
, Idjutant in Chief and <
General Headquarters Sons 01 Confederati Vetera
\ii mphis, Tenn., June 1 , 1911
GENER \1 1 IRD1 RS \o. 2.
1. Sons of Confederate Veterans, the historj oi th< strug
gle of 1861-65 "ill bear the closest scrutim inti tS <
depths without disclosing a single blot upon its pages ; each
011I3 .I'M- lustrr to a fame that has no equal. We, th( Sons
of Confederate Veterans, have a sacred duty to perform in
having only a true history of our heroes taught in the schools
oi our country; besides, it should be both a privilege and a
pleasun to perpetuate thes< acts in memorial of stom and
to ei as far as possible that not ,i single one 1 f our grand
old warriors shall ever want tor tin necessities of life. There-
fore, realizing the great responsibility which has been placed
upon me as your Commander in Chief, and knowing that
PAST COMMANDERS IN CHIEF, - l \ .. \.T BIRMINGHAM REUNION.
Prom left to right: Richard B. Haughton, St. Louis, Mo.; Dr. Thomas M.Owen, Montgomery, Ala.; Dr. Clarence I <>w.ns. Washington, 1>. C.;Jcsse P.
MOrfleet, Memphis, Tenn. ; S,-\ mour Stewart, St, Louis, Mo. ; W. \ . Brandon, Little Rock, Vrk.; present Commander in 1 hit f Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
3/8
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
without your sincere cooperation my administration as your
executive head will prove a failure, I do hereby appoint the
following comrades as members of my staff, having confidence
in their patriotism and loyalty to duty and tidelity to the
trust that ha| been placed in their hands
2. The following appointments are made to rank from
June i. 1916:
Inspector in Chief, Gen. W. C. Gorgis, Washington, D. C
Quartermaster in Chief, Samuel \Y. Hairston. Roanoke, Va.
Commissary in Chief, Creed Caldwell, Pine Bluff, Ark.
Judge Advocate in Chief, B. P. Harrison, Gulfport. Miss
Surgeon in Chief, Dr. A. M. Brailsford, Mullins, S. C.
Chaplain in Chief, Rev. J. G. Glass, Ocala. Fla.
Historian in Chief, Dr. T. M. Owen. Montgomery, Ala
Assistant Adjutants in Chief: Clarence J. Owens, Washing-
ton. D. C. ; J. A. Rountree, Birmingham, Ala. ; Thomas M.
Owen, Jr., Montgomery, Ala. ; R. S. Hudson, Russellville,
Ark.; James Hunter Roper, Seward, Alaska; J. I. Buckner,
Denver, Colo. ; M. B. Patterson, Los Angeles, Cal. ; John W.
Blow, Jacksonville, Fla. ; J. H. Palmer, Macon, Ga. ; Logan
N. Rock, Louisville, Ky. ; J. W. McWilliams, Monroe, La. ;
Stephen R. Brown, St. Louis, Mo. ; Samuel Riggs, Rockville,
Md. ; C. B. Vance, Jr., Batesville, Miss. ; Clarence Leon, Wil-
mington, X. C. ; W. C. Farmer, Tulsa, Okla. ; Bo Sweeney.
Seattle, Wash.; R. M. Mixson, Williston. S. C. ; W. Shep
Shelton, Chattanooga, Tenn. : R. S. Sample, El Paso, Tex.;
Laurence S. Davis. Roanoke. Va. ; H. J. Etheridge, Norfolk,
Va.; John S. Garber. Elkins. W. Va. ; E. P. Bujac, Carlsbad,
N. Mex.
Assistant Inspectors in Chief: I. T. Weill, Birmingham,
Ala. ; W. T. Murphree. Gadsden, Ala. ; Horace Sloan, Jones-
boro. Ark. ; J. Snead Watkins, Los Angeles, Cal. ; Channing
M. Smith, Denver, Colo. ; Charles H. Keel. Washington, D.
C. ; R. J. McPherson. Gainesville, Fla.: H. J. Hine, Rome,
Ga. ; Lamont Yates, Mayfield, Ky. ; C. J. Chopatin, New Or-
leans. La. ; V. H. Bond, Hornesville, Mo. ; George W. Hurd,
Williamsport, Md. ; W. S. D ivis, Jr.. Waynesboro, Miss.;
Fairfax K. Dillon, East Lake, N. C. ; T. H. Powers. Tulsa,
Okla.: H. J. Park, Seattle, Wash.; L. C. Speares, Towns-
ville. S. C; J. L. Ball. Pulaski, Tenn.; J. B. Waskorn, Dal-
las. Tex.; F. F. Causey, Hampton, Va. ; James W. Hatcher.
Roanoke. Va. : R. L. Ott, Richmond, Va. ; G. A. Matthews,
Bluefield. W. Va. ; R. F. Love, Lovington, N. Mex.
Assistant Quartermasters in Chief : T. P. Patterson, Bir-
mingham, Ala. ; W. E. Quin. Fort Payne, Ala. ; Thomas C.
Trimble, Lonoke, Ark- ; Allen T. Archer, Los Angeles, Cal. ;
H. L. Andrews, Denver, Colo. ; Wallace Streater, Washing-
ton. D. C; K. O. Reynolds, Palatka, Fla.; W. H. Wikle.
Cartersville, Ga. ; John Rudy, Owensboro, Ky. ; Henry Briggs,
Monroe, La.; J. C. Lamkin, Marshall, Mo.; George T. Craw-
ley. Rockville, Md. ; J. M. Vardaman, Jackson. Miss. : M.
DeLancy Haywood, Raleigh, N. C. ; Dennis B. Keys. Pryor,
Okla.; W. P. Bailey. Meyers Mill, S. C. ; Frank Rice. Chatta-
nooga. Tenn. : W. C. Carpenter, Bay City, Tex. : W. A. Per-
due. Petersburg. Va. ; William Botts, Richmond. Va. ; J. C.
Wise, Haymarkct, Va. ; C. C. Clingenfield, Huntington, W.
Va. ; C. A. Davis, Lovington, N, Mex.
Assistant Commissaries in Chief: Thomas Dozier, Birming-
ham, Ala; J. A. Oden, Birmingham, Ala.; T. H. Maxwell,
Tuscaloosa, Ala. : R. W. Polk, Little Rock, Ark. ; A. J. Doud,
Denver, Colo. ; Cary A. Coffman, Los Angeles. Cal. ; George
T. Rawlins, Washington, D. C. ; H. J. Baker, Jr.. Fernandina,
Fla.; Charles P. Rowland, Savannah, Ga. ; R. W. McCrory,
Lewisburg, Tenn. ; I. W. Beaird, Tyler, Tex. ; B. F. Richard,
Strasburg, Va. ; Robert J McBride, Louisville, Ky. : Allen
Sholers, Monroe, La. ; Joseph Pitts, Kennett, Mo. ; Alex G.
Carlisle, Rockville, Md. ; R. L. Metts, Louisville, Miss. ;
Graham H. Andrews, Raleigh, N. C. ; Edward Gait, Ard-
more, Okla. ; John P. Cooper. Mullins, S. C. : Mercer Hart-
man. Roanoke, Va. ; Charles Sneade, Goshen. Va. ; E. R.
Garland, Huntington, W. Va.
Assistant Judge Advocates in Chief: W. B. Bankhead. Jas-
per, Ala. ; W. M. Hundley, Greenbrier. Ala. ; W. B. Everet,
Birmingham, Ala. ; Charles Baldwin. Jonesboro, Ark. ; H. W.
Lowrie, Denver, Colo. ; Claude N. Bennett, Washington, D.
C. ; C. J. Ferrell, Ben Haden, Fla.; H. L. Jackson, Adele,
Ga. ; William Deatherage, Carrollton, Ky. : J. R. Wells, New
Orleans. La.; Cornelius H. Fauntleroy. St. Louis, Mo.; Law-
rence Chiswell, Rockville, Md. ; R. H. Purnell, Winona. Mis; ;
M. T. Mayers, Whiteville, N. C. ; Emmett X. Ellis. Sallisaw,
Okla. ; John T. Caskey, Lancaster. S. C. : M. R. Hudson,
Dyer, Tenn.; S. H. Lane, Jacksonville, Tex.; Walter Faun-
tleroy, Altavista, Va. ; N. H. Hairston. Roanoke. Va. : O. W.
Huddleston, Clifton Forge, Va. ; A. E. Miller, Hinton. W. Va.
Assistant Surgeons in Chief: Dr. J. J. Riverbark. Samson,
Ala.; Dr. James G. Pettus, Belle Mina. Ala.; Dr. Leonard
R. Ellis, Hot Springs, Ark. ; Dr. J. K. Williams. Los Angeles,
Cal: Dr. George P. Lingenfelter, Denver, Colo.; Dr. C. P.
Clark, Washington, D. C. ; Dr. H. E. Palmer. Tallahassee.
Fla. ; Dr. J. H. Morgan, Molena, Ga. : Dr. John H. Adcock,
Carrollton, Ky. ; Dr. J. M. White. Gueydan, La.: Dr. R. D.
Alexander, St. Louis, Mo.; Dr. W. T. Bolton, Biloxi, Miss.;
Dr. T. H. Keller, Hagerstown, Md. : Dr. W. C. Galloway,
Wilmington, N. C. ; Dr. A. W. Herron, Vinita. Okla.; Dr.
H. M. Duvall, Cheraw, S. C. ; Dr. X. F. Raines, Memphis.
Tenn. ; Dr. J. F. Combs, Gonzales. Tex. ; Dr. C. P. Jones,
Xewport News, Va. ; Dr. E. U. Potter. Roanoke. Va. ; Dr.
L. G. Richards, Roanoke, Va. : Dr. J. E. Offner, Fairmont,
W. Va. ; Dr. C. M. Brown, Mount Hope, W. Va.
Assistant Chaplains in Chief: Rev. C. W. Ashcraft, Flor-
ence, Ala.; Rev. R. D. Hill. Charleston, Ark.: Rev. E. A.
Burton, Denver, Colo. ; Rev. A. R. Bird. Washington, D. C. ;
Rev. J. W. Young, Tampa, Fla.; Rev. J. S. L. Sappington,
Maysville, Ga. ; Rev. J. S. Martin, Lafayette, La. ; Rev. A.
J. Demit, Carrollton. Ky. ; Rev. H. L. Prewitt. Kennett. Mo.;
Rev. T. J. Reed, Natchez, Miss.: Rev. J. A. Brown. White-
ville. X. C. ; Rev. J. P. Parks, Tahlequah, Okla. ; Rev. O. T.
Hinton, Easley, S. C. ; Rev. R J. Carden, Dunlap, Tern. ;
Rev. W. H. McConnell, Childress. Tex.: Rev. J. W. C.
Johnson, Roanoke. Va. ; Rev. J. Cleveland Hall. Danville,
Va. ; Rev. E. S. McTier, Union. W. Va.
3. The following committee assignments are hereby made,
said committees to make their reports at the next annual
Reunion at Washington, D. C, in 1917:
Monument Committee: R. B. Haughton, Chairman. Mt.
Vernon, Mo.; Oscar S. Roden, Cullman, Ala.; W. H. Mont-
gomery, Birmingham. Ala.; T. Xathan Nail, Sheridan, Ark.;'
W. Jefferson Davis, San Diego, Cal.; J. A. Gallaher, Denver,
Colo.; E. W. R. Evving, Washington. D. C. ; D. E. Mc-
Donald, Wellborn. Fla.; C. C. Cleghorn, Summerville, Gal
Dulin Moss, Frankfort, Ky. ; S. B. Kennedy, Lake Provi-
dence. La.; A. L. Pollard, St. Louis. Mo.: Fred M. Rice,'
Rockville, Md. : Wall Doxey, Holly Springs, Miss.; C. F.
Cromer, Winston-Salem, N. C. : W. C. Lewis, Poteau, Okla..;
R. E. Babb. Laurens. S. C. ; S. B. Boyd, Dunlap. Tenn.; W.
B. McAdams. Dallas. Tex. ; A. Willis Robertson, Buena
Vista, Va. ; J. C. Davenport, Roanoke, Va. : M. G. Willis, Jr.,
Fredericksburg, Va. ; R. D. Gibson, Charlestown, W. Va.
Qorpfederat^ l/eterai).
379
Finance Committee : Edgar Scurry, Chairman, Wichita
Falls, Tex.; T. H. Barrett, Gulfport, Miss.; William S. Clay-
ton, Wilmington, X. C. ; Robert Snow, Birmingham. Ala. :
David Holt, Mobile, Ala.; W. G. Hutton, Little Rock, Ark.;
F. R. Fravel, Washington, D. C. ; T. W. Jones, Milton, Fla. ;
Otto M. Colin, Milledgeville, Ga. ; Robert E. Watkins, Owens-
boro, Ky. ; Joseph Renwick, Monroe, La.; Lon Sanders. St.
Louis. Mo.; J. E. Johnson, McAlester, Okla. ; G. W. Man-
ville, Blackville, S. C. ; George B. Bowling. .Memphis, Term.:
S. P. Figgat. Roanoke, Va. ; Lee L. Wilson. Huntington, W.
Va. ; L. E. Lookabill, Roanoke, Va. ; Carter McGregor,
Wichita Falls, Tex. ; M. E. Stickley, Roanoke, Va.
Relief Committee : A. W. Parke. Chairman, Little Rock.
Ark.; D. L. Aldredge, Blountsville, Ala.; L. T Davis, Hai
ville, Ala.; W. W. Blessing, Quitman. Ark ; V B. Ellis, Los
Angeles, Cal.; Clem W. Collins, Denver, Colo.; Marx E.
Kahn. Washington, D. C. ; M. D. Clower, Trenton. Fla.:
I Frank J. Payne, Americus, Ga. ; G. H. Millikin. Louisville,
I Ky. ; A. S. Gossett. Lake Charles, La.; R. A. Doyle. 1
I Prairie, Mo.; Joseph Davenport, Port Gibson, Miss Vlex
G. Carlisle. Rockville. Md. ; T. G. Hyman, Newbem, N. C. :
H. G. Turner, Checotah, Okla.; Weller Rothrock, Aiken, S
C. ; J. P. Rees. Pulaski, Tenn. ; W. B. Green, Gonzales. T \ ;
W. O. Trenor, Roanoke. Va. ; E. W. Speed, Roanoke. \ '.,
W D. Nichols. Norfolk, Va.; A. S. Johnson, Union, W Va
Historical Committee: M. E. Dunaway, Chairman, Little
Rock, Ark. ; B. K. McMorris. Birmingham, Ala. ; J. E Gray.
Athens, Ala.; T. M. Lyon, Lockesburg, \rk. ; Dr. J W Mor-
gan, Denver. Colo.; 11. (.'. Head, Santa \n.i. Cal.; J
Price. Washington, D. C. ; C. L. Lutz, St Petersburg, Fla :
John Cleghorn, Sunimerville. Ga, ; Samuel G. Tate, 1
ville, Ky. ; J. A. Brewer. Danville, Va.; E 1. Ke\ ser. Roanoke,
Va.; J. T. Ellis, West Monroe, La.; H. C. Francisco, Mai
shall. Mo.; Robert P. Linfield, Biloxi, Miss.; Richard K.
Hays, Rockville. Md. ; James F. Woolvin, Wilmington. N. C. :
W. V. Pryor. Sapulpa, Okla.; W. P. Nicholson, Andi
S. C. ; L. E. Matins. Jackson, Tenn.; W. J Giles, Beaumont,
Tex.; Samuel L. Adams. South Boston, V.i . R. Kenl spiller.
Roanoke, Va. ; Edwin Caperton, Union, W Va.
Resolutions Committee: Tate Brady, Chairman. Tulsa.
Okla.; C. E. Lindsey. Birmingham, Ala.; E, C Bells, Hunts-
ville. Ala.; R. L. Muse. Walnut Ridge, Ark.. \Y E Brock-
man. Washington. D. C. ; S. W. Carman. Quincy, Fla.; J F.
Patton, Lafayette. Ga; J. W. Blackburn. Jr.. Frankfort, Ky. :
C. B. Moreland. Gueydon, La.; Lee Meriwether, St. Louis.
Mo.: John Allen Sykes. Aberdeen, Miss. ; M H. Caldwell,
Concord. N. C. ; Wash Grayson, Eufaula, Okla.; \\ S. Mc-
Lure. Union, S. C. ; W. F, Roberts. Nashville, renn.; H.
D, Wood, Fort Worth, Tin.; J V Painter, Radford. Va.;
L. Clyde Cookscy, Roanoke. Va : \. IV Smith, Jr., Fayette-
villc, W. Va. ; Rufus C. Jackson, Silver City, N Mex. ; G.
R. McCorkle, Newport News, Va. ; John Wingfield, Ports-
mouth. Va.
4. The duty of perpetuating the record of the Confederate
soldier and sailor has devolved upon our organization, and
every loyal Son should be willing to do his share in this patri-
otic work. Your Commander in Chief is profoundly grateful
for the honor conferred upon him, and he assures you that
if you will cooperate with him you will never have cause to
regret your action.
By order of Ernest G Baldwin.
Comandcr in Chief.
Official :
N. B. Forrest, Adjutant in Chief and Chief of Staff.
MEMORIAL DAY AT ARL1XGT0S.
REPORTED BY F. R. FRAVEL. BALLSTON. VA.
The Confederate Associations of Washington, D. C. never
tail to hold appropriate exercises in the observance of Memo-
rial Day, when the graves of the Confederate dead in Ar-
lington National Cemetery are strewn with flowers. The
Veterans. Sons of Veterans. Daughters of the Confederacy,
and the Southern Relief Society join together to make this
occasion notable.
Washington Camp. X j 305, Sons of Confederate Veter-
ans, of Washington, is not less active in its usual work
because the next general Reunion of veterans is to be in
Washington City. It- customary participation in the Con-
federate memorial services, held on Sunday, June 4. was
the unveiling of a floral design at the base of the Arlington
Confederate monument. This was unveiled by Miss Pansy
Wilson, sponsor, and Mi-- Marguerite Terrett. assistant
sponsor, assisted by Mrs George B. Ashley, matron of honor,
and Mrs. Maude Howell Smith, matron representing the
Daughters of the Confederal \ cross was formed of young
ladies dressed in white with red sashes. While this was being
done the United Sine- Marine Band rendered "Lead, Kindly
Light." The ladies particip irehed by twos, led by the
sponsor, and the people assembled joined in strewing flowers
on the Confederate graves and the monument to the unki
d< ad.
This closed the !>i ■gram for the day. a part of which was
an eloquent address bj H in. Junes K. Vardaman, Senator
from Mississippi. President Wilson was in attendance and
took part in the exer
UNVEILING THE FLORAL DESIGN AT BASE OF ARLINGTON
CONFEDERATE MONUMENT.
"O'er those who lost and those who won
Death holds no parley which was right —
Jehovah judges Arlington."
^8o
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
RAPHAEL SEMMES.
iCfiiitinufd t mm pate ,;74.)
Mobile, Ala., to practice law, where he was made judge of the
Probate Court. While a lawyer he undertook to edit a paper
and later accepted a position to teach in the Louisiana Military
Institute. His literary work really began in his teaching
days.
JOHN M'INTOSH KELL.
John Mcintosh Kcll was born in Mcintosh County, Ga.,
and his childhood was spent on the plantation "Laurel
Grove." It was a delight for the young boy to visit his great-
uncle, Hon. Thomas Spalding, whose family owned a large
part of the island of Sapelo, off the coast of Georgia, and
doubtless it was there he learned to love the water. He went
to school at Darien and then to the Academy in Savannah,
and when only sixteen years of age he entered a counting
house in Savannah, thinking to become a merchant. As he
was on his way home for the winter holidays, he was invited
by Captain Ramsey to visit him aboard the United States
vessel Consort, anchored near the coast. Young Kell also
visited him afterwards, frequently with his sisters and their
friends, by invitation of the officer, whose life entranced
him, and he resolved to join the navy. Though preferring
otherwise, his mother wisely yielded when she saw the bent
of her boy's mind, and she requested the Representative
from Darien to secure him an appointment as midshipman
in the United States navy, and through Hon. Thomas Butler
King the appointment was secured.
John Mcintosh Kell joined the Falmouth under com-
mand of a relative. Capt. James McKay Mcintosh, and his
first trip was to Pensacola, Fla. In the War between the
States he was closely associated with Admiral Raphael
Semmes on the cruises of the Sumter and the Alabama,
and in his book, "Recollections of a Naval Life." he gives
many interesting facts in regard to the sinking of the Ala-
bama. His story of this is embodied in "Battles and Lead-
ers of the Civil War," issued by the Century Publishing Com-
pany. It was on the Sumter that the first Confederate flag
was unfurled on the ocean. After the sinking of the Alabama,
Captain Kell returned to the South and was given command
of the ironclad Richmond, on the James River.
He was a man highly honored and greatly beloved by all
who knew him. His last days were spent in Griffii. Ga., sur-
rounded by a loving wife and devoted and happy children and
grandchildren. He died in 1900.
ARLINGTON CONFEDERATE MONUMENT
ASSOCIATION.
Treasurer's Report for Period Ending June 30, 1916.
Receipts.
Balance on hand at audit by public account-
ant • $ 18927
General Society U. D. C 500 00
Seals Committee U. D. C 271 75
Mrs. C. W. Boles, Director for Arkansas
A. C. M. A.:
Charley Coffin Chapter, No. 1435, U. D. C.$ 5 00
Memorial Chapter, No. 48, U. D. C 10 00 — 15 00
Mrs. J. A. Lovell, Director for Colorado
A. C. M. A. :
N. B. Forrest Chapter, No. 1501, U. D. C. 2 50
Joe Wheeler Chapter, No. 1537, U. D. C,
Long Beach, Cal $ 500
Southern Cross Chapter, No. 804, U. D. C,
Washington, D. C to 00
Wade Hampton Chapter, No. 1478, U. D. C,
Oviedo, Fla 5 00
Capt. Gus Dedman Chapter, No. 522, U. D.
C. Lawrenceburg. Ky 1 00
Mrs. J. B. Gantt, Director for Missouri,
A. C. M. A. :
Missouri Division, U. D. C $ 25 00
Missouri Chapters, L*. D. C 17 10 — 42 10
Joe Wheeler Chapter, No. 996, \J. D. C,
Roswell, N. Mex 10 00
Mrs. Charles B. Goldsborough, Director for
New York, A. C. M. A. :
Mary Mildred Sullivan Chapter, No. 1386,
U. D. C 45 00
James Henry Parker Chapter, U. D. C... 5 00
Mrs. L. R. Schuyler 5 00
Mrs. John W. Quay 10 00 — 05 00
Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter, U. D. C,
Cincinnati, Ohio, through and by Mrs.
P. V. Shoe 17 00
Choctaw Chapter, No. 614, U. D. C, McAles-
ter, Okla 1 00
Mrs. Turner Ashby Blythe, Director for
Pennsylvania, A. C. M. A.:
Philadelphia Chapter, U. D. C 5 00
Gen. Edward Pickett Chapter, No. 1316, U.
D. C, Kansas City, Mo 5 00
Mrs. Thomas W. Keitt, Director for South
Carolina, A. C. M. A. :
Various sources. Chapters in South Caro-
lina 94 50
Mrs. J. B. Dibrell, Director for South Caro-
lina, A. C. M. A. :
Sale of seals 10 00
S. E. Rugeley Chapter. No. 452, U. D. C. 5 00 — 15 00
Magee-Brigham Chapter, No. 1098, \J. D. C,
Jonah, Tex 1 00
Carrie Hamon Chapter, No. 935, U. D. C,
Oakwood. Tex 1 00
Seventeenth Virginia Regiment Chapter, No.
41. U. D. C. Alexandria, Va 10 00
Mrs. B. T. Davis, Director for West Vir-
ginia. A. C. M. A. :
Lawson Botts Chapter, No. 261, U. D. C, 5 00
Mrs. Scott Dewey, Sewanee, Tenn 5 00
Mrs. John R. Eggleston, Sewanee. Tenn 1 00
Mrs. Mollie R. Macgill Rosenberg, Galves-
ton, Tex 3000
Total to be accounted for $1,287 '-
Expenditures.
Expenses of audit ($12.50). printing report
of auditor, circular letter, and postage
on same ($46.34) $ 58 84
Sir Moses Ezekiel 700 00
Balance on hand July I, 1916 528 28— $1,287 12
Wallace Streater, Treasurer A. C. M. A.
(Since July 1, 1916, an additional payment of $500 has been
made to the sculptor.)
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
381
SOME NOTED SOUTHERN SCHOOLS.
The Veteran takes pleasure in commending these schools
of the South and asks that its patrons everywhere will con-
sider their special advantages for the education of our South-
ern girls in all that tends to the development of the highest
womanhood.
The New Buford College
For twenty-five years Buford College has had the patronage
of many prominent Confederate veterans and their friends.
During many years Mrs. E. G. Buford. President of the col-
lege and wife of a noble veteran of the South, has given a
L'. D. C. scholarship to descendants of veterans, and these
girls have made splendid records. During the past few
months she has had associated with her many prominent and
influential citizens of Nashville. The outgrowth of this asso-
ciation has been the removal of the college to the spacious
campus between Twenty-First and Twenty-Second Avenues,
«nown as the old Sam Murphy Place, where two magnificent
lew buildings have been erected and will be thoroughly
iquipped and furnished elegantly throughout. The excellent
Faculty of former years has been enlarged, so that Buford
College now ranks as one of the most thorough and select
schools of the United States. It has been the aim of the
rollege not to have a large but a select school, where the indi-
,-idual student will have every possible care and attention.
Confederate veterans and their friends will make no mistake
in placing their daughters with Mrs. Buford, a cultured Chris-
I tian educator with an established reputation in making noble
Bjwomen.
Ward-Belmont a Leader.
II Conspicuous among the Southern schools is Ward-Behnont
College, of Nashville, Tcnn.. which is a consolidation of the
[(old Ward Seminary and Belmont College. Uniting the great
■(popularity of these two institutions, it has easily taken rank
[[with the leading colleges of America. The magnificent builcl-
Bings (eleven in all), representing a capital of a quarter of a
I million, are located on a campus of thirty-two acres, beautified
\t>\ the skill of an expert landscape gardener. A splendid
new dormitory building will be ready by fall to accommodate
fcirls who have previously been cared for in cottages. This
Increases the dormitory capacity to five hundred and fifty.
iThe day patronage is about four hundred. Numbers of stu-
dents are turned away every year. The enrollment this year
numbers sixty-live more than at this time last year. The
fcnage of this college is thoroughly cosmopolitan, sixty per
lent from the Southern States and forty from the North.
Among the attractions this session will be the splendid colo-
nial arcades connecting the buildings, and a golf course will
Ike added to the numerous athletic features.
I Perhaps the greatest acquisition to the college this year
Mrill be the addition of a Y. W. C. A. Secretary, who will have
[4ntiic charge of the religious work. This Secretary, Miss
Barbara Hege, has had national V. W. C. A. training and is
grc.it enthusiast in the work. This will increase the number
61 - and faculty to seventy-live and give the college a
tandard second to none.
Bl uttiful St. Cecilia.
The city of Nashville holds as one of its most cherished
Ossessions beautiful St. Cecilia, a Dominican convent and
Icademy, where white-robed daughters of St. Dominic direct
he education of young girls of the Southland fortunate in
Wang thus closelv associated with these trulv cultured and
capable women. It was in the summer of i860 that St. Cecilia
was founded. Four Sisters formed the nucleus of a commu-
nity which now numbers more than a hundred members.
Its location combines the advantages of city and country life.
Its buildings are stately and substantial, and its grounds of
one hundred and fifty acres stretch away in a lai
matchless beauty.
St. Cecilia has passed through many a trying ordeal. She
saw an invading army encamped almost upon her grounds and
heard martial music mingle with the tones of her matin and
vesper bells. The Sisters went nut upon the battle field to
care for the wounded and dying soldiers. \t last "the con-
quered banner" was sadly folded and, like all institutions of
the South. St. Cecilia suffered; but as the South raised her
drooping head after war's devastation, the school began to
realize its earh promise The years following have seen
us buildings everted and equipped with all modern im-
provements. Now in the present day of success St. Cecilia
keeps her motto of progress in view. Her primary and
grammar grades are directed so as to form a solid basis for
higher work: her laboratories for physics and chemistry are
very complete, and all that pertains to domestic science is a
marvel of perfection. The academic course is very compre-
hensive, and many college studies have been introduced; the
ait department is daily growing in importance, anil sculpture
will hold a prominent place in this department next session;
while the high standard of St. Cecilia in all departments of
music is well known and appreciated by the music-loving peo-
ple of Nashville.
1 111 Sot th's New College for Women.
The Elizabeth Mather College for Women, in Atlanta, Ga..
is unique in many ways. No other school in the South studies
the individual talents of the students. The usual effort is 1 1
upon a basis of skill and age and deal with the group
as a unit. Xo other college claims to train the individual
talents after they are found. Also, no other college offers so
wide a van- arses. There is no school for journalism
in the South; there is no kindergarten training school out-
sidi of Louisville; there is no school of interior decoration
and commercial art. All of these departments are much
needed in the South.
The Elizabeth Mather College has associated with it many
women from the best and oldest families in the South. The
l'ia si, hut. Miss Loveridge, is a psychologist from the Univer-
sity of Chicago. For two years she has been the dean of
the college at Montgomery. She is known to the South as a
lecturer, having delivered many lectures in various town?
In tore the federated clubs. As President of th(
Mather College she can use her talents for the be-
still larger group of people.
John Brown's Raid. — Of course a transaction so flagitious,
with its attendant circumstances, afl irding such an unmistaka-
ble proof of the spirit by which no small portion of the North-
ern population was actuated, could not but produce the pro-
Foundesl impression upon the people of the South. Here was
■ pen and armed "aggression": whether clearly understood and
encouraged beforehand, certainly exulted in afterwards, by
persons of a very different standing from that of the chief
actor in this flooding incursion into a peaceful Stat.
I. mil. of Massachusetts.
382
(^oi)federat^ V/eterai)
tnm AH C»g»e». Htad Noisea and _Olher Z*>
^T?«£Eles Easily and. Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who wen
formerly deaf, now heal
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life ol
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun.
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
v little devices, scientific
cally constructed foi
i «»~~^ ^uJi that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
tuccessfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
* soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousandsof otherswill help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf-
Bess— giving you full particulars. 'Beaf
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
1023 Inter-Southern Blag. LOUISVH.LE. KV
J. E. Ellenburg, of Carnegie, Okla., is
anxious to hear from surviving members
of his old company, which was Company
A. Roswell's Battalion of Cavalry, G. R.
King. Captain.
The Veteran wishes to locate some
copies of General Taylor's "Destruction
and Reconstruction," and asks that pa-
trons who have copies to sell will kindly
let us hear as to condition and price.
Drum
in Position
THE KU-KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
Do you know the story
of the birth of a nation?
This book gives authen-
tic data about the Klan
which brought it Into
being, with letters from
charter members and at-
tractive illustrations,
such as the "Mounted
Ku-KIils in Full Regalia"
and the K. K. K. ban-
ner with "iiery-tongued
dragon." It is indorsed
bv Confederate organiza-
tions, historians, educa-
tors, and should be in
every lihrarv of the coun-
try. Price. So cents,
postpaid. Order from the
author. Mrs. S. E. F.
Rose, West Point, Miss.
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping' water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
— Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free book of information,
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Twin,
GOOD
P. — : vi v v v — — —
lOSITION
Secured or Your Money Back
if you take the Draughon Training, the
training that business men indorse. You
can take it at college or In) mail Write to-day
"UAUOHON'S PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGF
Box »*. Nashville, Tenn.
Mrs. E. K. Turner. Birmingham, Ala.
(R. R. Xo. 7, Box 70), is anxious for
information as to how General Sherman
procured meat for his army during his
occupancy of Savannah in December,
1864. and January. 1865. This informa-
tion is desired for the purpose of proving
a claim against the United States gov-
ernment, and any information on this
subject will be appreciated.
Mrs. S. W. Brastield, Alamo, Tenn.,
seeks the war record of her husband,
Solomon William Brasfield, that she
may prove her claim for a pension. He
volunteered at Helena. Ark, in 1864, at
the age of fifteen, and served under
General Price. There was some con-
nection with Gen. Jeff M. Thompson,
but she does not know that definitely.
He became a physcian after the war
and was a member of the Crockett
County Bivouac, at Alamo, Tenn.
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON BALTIMORE
PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. 1 Bull Run I, and oth-
er famous battle lields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
ol Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent.
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL, Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Ave
New York
IttuslrcfleJ booklet senton request.
THE BEST PLACB
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
ot all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds ot Military Equipment ana
Society Goods is at
Joel Hag I Regalia Co, 57 E 96th St
Scad for Price List New York City
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin :: :: :: ::
No. 2S70.
Cold-Plated S0.25
Rolled Cold SO
Solid Gold 1-00
Solid Gold, Heevy Weight 2.00
14 Kt. Gold, Heavyweight 3.00
POSTPAID
Special prices on hall dozen or more. Illustrated
price list ol Flags and Confederate Noveltlea aenl
on request* „,
Catalogues ol Medals, Claea Pins, Rings, Tro-
phies, Loving Cups, and Banners now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPAGE
1327 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.
Visit our Camp Room when in Washington
DR. GEORGE B. HOWARD
General Agent
MOUND CITY, ILLINOIS
Has a new and success! ul method of tracing
up heirs and lost persons and heirships to
estates in all parts of the United fotates and
foreign countries. Best of references fur-
nished. No matter how old the case, if you
have any such interests, write me.
Interested friends would like to hear
from any one who knows the war record
of Leonard H. Inge, who enlisted a
Demopolis, Ala., and served with thi
Jeff Davis Legion. He was captain of ;
company of cavalry. Address Miss ZiH
ritha Houston, 1305 Twenty-Seconc
Avenue, Meridian, Miss.
^OQfedera t<? l/eterae
383
HITE'S HOME
SANITARIUM
Morphine, Other Drug,
Whiskey and Tobacco
Addictions, Permanent-
ly Cured. Our Patients
Are Not Incapacitated
in the Least. Eat Three
Meals per Day, Up All
the Time, and Sleep
Every Night. We Ask
Anyone Interested to In-
vestigate Before Going
Elsewhere. Write City
Office, 6251 Church St.,
Nashville, Tenn., J. A. D.
Hite, Medical Director.
in order \<< prove our treatment better than
any other, we make the following offer to the
Academy of Medicine or :my organised body of
physicians. They appoint it cm mm'., toe* to se-
lect two, three or more drug addicts, put them
in their own sanitarium, under their own
nurses, and our phy loian wil] got tere and give
the Home Sanitarium treatment to Bhow thai
we effect a permanent cure without nervous-
lii's-. mt ihe loss of sleep, or aj >]*** ite. or strength ;
no insomnia: patient able 60 be up and go bo the
table tor every meal from the beginning to
end of i rent mi -lit. which will be from 1" days i<>
two weeks, We will show our treatment to U
n very easy that the patient will not know
when he takes the last dose of drug, and will
have to Iw told l>efore he knows how long he
tiafl 1 n off. If anyone thinks they haveaeure
that i- as good ,-is ours, let them place two or
three of their patients with ours at the time
this test is made and prove their claim, as we
propose to do. Tli is tea fair test Will you doitl
HITE'S HOME SAXITAKIVM.
.i. A. D. HITE, Medical Director.
« 'it y Office, BS6)| Church street,
Nashville, Tenn.
Correspondence Solicited and Confidential
Facts about
PRINTING
fl I o obtain efficiency in the re
suit, whether it be in the Station
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho
graphing, the Blank Books, m
whatever task the printei say be
"ailed upon to perform, you must
JemanH the best -HIGH-CLASS
PRINTING This we are pre
pared to produce by virtue ol e*
penence, artisans employed, and
equipment €Jj We give thought to
our productions Write to us. We
A'ill be able to carry out your ideas 01
possibly to suggest something new,
BRANDON PRINTING CO.
Nashville, * - Tenn,
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
Estimates
Furnfs^'u^on | |||£
Request i^b^^^^^^^^^^^^mb^m^h
BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merrlma°c5street
Newburyport
Mass.
P=
=E
WE CALL FOR AND DELIVER
PRESSING, CLEANING
AND DYE WORKS
"Little Better than the Best"
Suits and Long Coats for Ladies and
Gentlemen Cleaned and Pressed. $1.00
132 Eighth Ave. N.
W. A. Russell, Mgr. Phone Main 2079
NASHVILLE, TENN.
CONFEDERATE
VETERAN
Uniforms
Hir.HEST QUALITY
LOWEST PRICES
Tailor-Made to Your Measure.
Bend for Catalogue No. 341
and Cloth Samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI
T. B. Gilbert, of Benton. Ark., is anx-
ious to secure his father"s record as a
Confederate soldier, so lie may become a
member of the Sons of Veterans. Wil-
liam Henry Gilbert was about sixteen
years of age when he became a member
of the J i st Georgia Regiment and sur-
rendered at Appomattox. He served un-
der Captain Bakewell and was for a
while in Early's command.
334
Qonfederat:^ Veteran.
>c
RISE AND FALL OF TrfE
Confederate Government
The Masterpiece of Confederate Historical Works
HE NEW edition of
this splendid work by
President Davis, the
crowning effort of his life,
was republished from the
original plates and has been
offered at a much lower price
than formerly, and it is com-
mended to all who are inter-
ested in Confederate history.
No other work on the sub-
ject can equal it. This edi-
tion is printed on fine paper,
with the same illustrations as
the original, and handsomely
bound in cloth. Issued in
two volumes. Price, $7.50.
Special Offer for August
During the month of August all who order this set of books
at price given y$°i v'y rXi 7'" be allowed a year's subscription to
the Veteran free.
Cook
J<* j6
Remember this when ready to renew your subscription or get a compli-
mentary subscription for some friend, with the books for yourself. Address
THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN
NASHVILLE, TENN.
X
HE SOUTH is a land tkat has known sor-
row?; it is a land that has broken the ashen
crust and moistened it with her tears; a land
d riven by the plowshare of war and bil-
anc
ie plowshare
lowed with the graves of her dead; but a land of
legend, a land of song, a land of hallowed and heroic
memories.
To that land every drop of my blood, every fiber of
my being, every pulsation of my heart is consecrated
forever. I was born of her womb, I was nourished at
her breast, and, when my last hour shall come, I pray
God that I may be pillowed upon her bosom and
rocked to sleep within her tender and encircling arms.
— Edward W. Carmach, of Tennessee.
MMHRv
-T—TnMBMM
386
Qopfederat^ tfeterap,
Folio of Southern Melodies
PRICE, SIXTY CENTS
The Courier Boy's Dream on the Mountain, 1863
Passing Down the Line
March and two-*tep
I Am Going Back to Old Kentucky, Where I Was Born
Last, but Try It — Love the Lover
Little "thinklets"
Following the hand prints of Will S. Hays and Stephen Collins Foster in
the Blue- Grass State, the "Courier Boy" asks for recognition
Published by
W. C. F»iatt, Courier Boy
C. L. BEACH, Manager
1021 Wells Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
aSSns BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merril0c5street
Furnished Upon INSCRIPTION TABLETS Newburyport
Request ^b^^b^^^^^^^^^ Mass.
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. page
The Heroes That Might Have Been (poem). By Calvin Stoddard Crowder.. 387
The Shiloh Monument 387
"Truth Crushed to Earth." By Mrs. Stephen D„ Knox 388
Troops Enlisted in 1861 for the War. By John C. Stiles 389
What the South Is Doing for Her Veterans. By Capt. P. M. de Leon 390
The Cotton Tax of the Sixties 39'
Running the Blockade. By Gen. B. H. Young 392
Camp Life in the Sixties. By Mrs. L. G. Mitchell 394
A Florida Story of War Times. By Mrs. F. M. Cooley 397
First to Reenlist for the War. By Judge L. B. McFarland 399
The Black Shadow of the Sixties. By Finley P. Curtis, Jr 401
A Boy in the Camp of Lee. By A. J. Emerson 405
When I Was Wounded. By John Coxe 407
When General Green Was Killed. By Capt. E. B. Millett 408
The Martyrs of the South (poem). By A. B. Meek 409
If a Soldier Meet a Soldier (poem). By Gen. M. Jeff Thompson 409
Casualties of the nth Mississippi Regiment at Gettysburg. By Baxter Mc-
Farland 410
Mrs. V. Y. Cook — An Appreciation 424
A Tribute. By Mrs. L. W. S. Butler 425
Departments : The Last Roll 412
U. D. C 420
C. S. M. A 423
S. C. V 426
A LITTLE PATRIOTISM.
A very pretty incident occurred the
other night at one of the theaters in
Washington, when President Wilson
was a guest, accompanied by Airs. Wil-
son, her mother, sister, and brother.
One of the performers was a telepathist,
who, in connection with another, gives
"manifestations of the power of thought
with connecting minds in sympathetic
relationship."
The man entered the White House
box in the usual course of his rounds
of the audience, and the President made
him a whispered request. His assistant
was at the piano, on the stage, blind-
folded, and instantly the telepathist
turned to the pianist and called out:
"Play my selection, please." Like a
flash the blindfolded pianist followed
with the chords of "The Star-Spangled
Banner." The President arose, and the
audience sprang to its feet ; and when
the anthem was ended, the demonstra-
tions broke forth in vociferous and en-
thusiastic cheers. The President had
whispered to the telepathist: "Cause
the pianist to play 'The Star-Spangled
Banner.' "
It was really mighty refreshing to
have "The Star-Spangled Banner" so
unanimously and heartily applauded. It
usually goes without attention in the
District of Columbia, but you can gam-
ble almost anything that the playing of
"Dixie" will bring cheering any old
time. — National Tribune.
Mrs. Fannie Wright, of Grenada,
Miss., wishes information as to the time
of her husband's enlistment as well as
date of discharge. Thomas Hill Wright
enlisted in Company G at Carrollton,
Carroll County, Miss., at the beginning
of the war and served in Ballentine's
Regiment (under Lieutenant Colonel
Maxwell, Major Ford, Capt. W. S.
Eskridge, First Lieut. Dick Riddick),
Armstrong's Brigade, Jackson's Di-
vision. Surviving comrades are asked
to respond.
W. F. Hamilton, Adjutant Camp Lid-
dell, U. D. C, at Carrollton, Miss., asks
especially for information of the services
of W. C. Long, who enlisted in a com-
pany organized of men from North Ala-
bama, about Gadsden, and commanded by
a Captain Long and Lieutenant Sims,
under General Clanton, and did scouting
service from the Tennessee River to
Rome, Ga. Comrade Long has lived in
Mississippi forty-five years and is trying
to prove his claim to a pension.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Kntered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as Becond-class matter.
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should be made to the Confederatk Veti
and all communications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLT REPRESENTS :
United. Confederate Vi rERANS,
Unites Daugh n rs of the Confederacy,
Sons op Veterans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Soutiikkn* Memorial Assoi iation.
Though men deserve, they may not win. success;
The brave will honor the I rave, vanquished none the less.
Price, 11.00 per Year, (_
Single Copy, 1U Cents. )
Vol. XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN.. SEPTEMBER, 1916.
No. 9.
I :>. A. <. 1 WIM.HAM,
I KoUNDI
THE HEROES THAT MIGHT HATE BEEX.
BY CALVIN STODDARD CROWDER.
Jackson and Johnston and Lee,
They're written with chisel and pen;
But my heart ever bleeds for the unnamed deeds
Of the first battle's "missing men."
Davis and Stephens and Semmes,
Morgan, and all the rest ;
I sing those who gave their lives to the grave
And died ere they gave their host.
McCulloch and Stuart and Polk,
Crowned with glory and victory ;
There's no one to tell of the many who fell
In darkest obscurity.
Longstrect and Gordon and Smith
The pages of history proclaim ;
But many went down ere they earned renown
And left but a nameless name.
Catesby and Pelham and Bragg,
They were heroes and lordly men ;
Yet always I sigh for the first to die
And the heroes that might have been.
The Engagement at Dyer Church.— Tom N. Shearer,
of Atlanta, Ga., asks that some one who took part in the bat-
tle at Dyer Church, near Atlanta. July 28, 1864, give a his-
tory of it. He says : "For the numbers engaged and the odds
we had to fight, I consider it one of the bloodiest battles we
had near Atlanta. As I was a private in ranks, I could not
see the terrible slaughter except right in our midst. My com-
pany had been consolidated with three others, with our cap-
tain, A. J. Evans, from Okolona, Miss., commanding. He
was shot through and through, and of his original company
only seven went through the fight without a scratch. Cap-
tain Evans recovered from his wound and rejoined the com-
mand at Pollard, Ala. So little has been written of this fight
that I would be glad to see a full account of it. Our first
captain was T. H. Shackelford, also of Okolona."
THE SHILOH MONUMEXT.
1 he unveiling of the Shiloh monument promises to be the
big event of Confederate interest during this fall. The suc-
cessful accomplishment of this undertaking scores another
triumph for the Daughters of the Confederacy, who have
worked under many difficulties in completing the $50,000 fund
needed for this monument. Only a few thousand dollars more
are needed, and the interest that has been manifested by the
increased contributions during the past few months indicates
that all the money needed will be in hand when the monument
is ready for unveiling.
The Shiloh monument will be magnificent in every detail.
The several groups of figures were modeled from fine physical
specimens of humanity. The central group represents Night
and Death snatching the laurel wreath from the Confederacy,
and just below this group is the profile head of Gen. Albert
Sidney Johnston. The sculptor mndc a bust of General John-
ston in order to secure an accurate profile view, and this bust
is being contested for by different Chapters, it having been
offered by Mrs. Alexander B. White. Director General of the
Shiloh Monument Fund, as a prize to the Chapter raising the
largest contribution toward the monument. The Albert Sid-
ney Johnston Chapter of San Francisco is now in the lead,
having reported $208: the Fifth Tennessee Regiment Chap-
ter, of Paris. Tenn., follows with $150 to its credit; while the
Corinth (Miss.) Chapter and several others are busy con-
testants. All money sent in by friends for any of the con-
testing Chapters will so be credited.
Some of the personal donations to the fund are very liberal.
Dr. E. W. Grove, of St. Louis, formerly of Paris, Tenn.,
whose father and two uncles were in the battle of Shiloh, con-
tributed $500; Mrs. Terry, of Texas, $100; the Commercial-
Appeal, of Memphis, $100, and this paper will also take sub-
scriptions ; Senator John Sharp Williams, of Mississippi, whose
father was said to have been the first officer killed in that
battle, sent $50; Mrs. O. C. Barton, of Paris, Tenn., $50; Mrs.
John M. Taylor, of Lexington, Tenn., $25; J. W. Johnson, of
Panther Burn, Miss., $50.
Two bronze reliefs of General Johnston are also offered as
prizes, one to go to the State that sends in the most money
by October; the other will go to the State sending in the most
money according to membership.
388
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Pounder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles oi this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South ;irc_- requested to commend
- mage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
"TRUTH CRUSHED TO EARTH."
BY MRS. STEPHEN D. KNOX, LITTLE ROCK. ARK.
I had read Mr. Wattcrson's version of the Hampton Roads
conference, copied in one of our local papers some time ago,
and am gratified to find the "Truth of the Hampton Roads
Conference"' in the June number of the Veteran and for the
steps taken at the Reunion in Birmingham. While time in
its power of adjustment rights all wrongs, we cannot feel
that we have been loyal or just if we let an untruth go by
unnoticed, though we well know that "truth crushed to earth
will rise again." Mr. Watterson has been the tool in the
hands of justice to unearth these truths, and they shine out
all the brighter because the sordid earth of untruth has been
washed away, as has been done in many cases. Another fifty
years, perhaps more or less, will place all the wreaths of
honor where they justly belong, and the world will know that
the same motive that forced secession is the same that has
prompted the war in Europe. In His own good time and in
His own good way justice is meted out. Nothing is hidden
from His all-seeing eyes and His just hand. He was before
and at Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, and Appomattox. "God
chasteneth whom he loveth." As a reward for this love we
have the field of his vineyard, Africa and its people, for ours
in which to labor ; we have paid its price in blood.
The hero worship of Mr. Lincoln will in time pass, and
the world will know that he was flesh and blood, with hopes
and ambitions, passions and faults, just as the rest of us weak
mortals, though a wonderful and unusual man. Truth and
honor do not need defense.
We of the South fought for principle, and they of the
North because of jealousy. Had Harriet Beecher Stowe,
Mr. Lincoln, and the abolitionists of the North been prompted
by a true, pure motive of "all people being equal," they would
have made it possible to abolish slavery without a Fort Sum-
ter, an Appomattox, or a Reconstruction period.
If the United States government could pay $400,000,000 for
the freedom of the slaves on February 3, 1865, at the Hamp-
ton Roads conference, after the heavy cost of millions of dol-
lars and the appalling loss of life and injured, what could
it not have paid before the secession of South Carolina !
Many of the abolitionists of the South, as well as those of the
North, had freed their slaves and stood the criticism of those
who did not believe as they did, and yet those same abolition-
ists took up their arms in defense of the right of secession. I
know whereof I speak. My husband's father and mine both
trod the road of battle, sons of Southern abolitionists who
did not believe in slavery because their Christian consciences
would not permit it. I say again that the freedom of the
slaves could have been bought, just their slavery was bought,
with money instead of with blood.
Could we cleanse our minds and hearts of all animosity and
live the principle of true Christianity taught us by our leader,
Robert E. Lee, the greatest leader that the world has ever
known, how soon would truth shine out as the "Star of the
East" did to the wise men !
IN CHRISTIAN CHARITY.
Maj. William M. Pegram, of Baltimore, a member of the
Historical Committee, U. C. \\, writes the Veteran :
"On reading the most interesting contribution to your June
issue on 'Jefferson Davis : Gentleman, Patriot, and Christian,'
by Rev. James H. McNeilly, D.D., and then recurring to the
strictures upon this great man by Hon. Henry Watterson,
of the Courier-Journal, I beg leave to contribute an incident
which took place at Fortress Monroe while Mr. Davis was
held there a prisoner, which more particularly portrays the
grandeur, sincerity, and humility of this Christian hero than
anything that could be imagined.
"Rev. Dr. Minnegerode, then rector of St. Paul's Church
at Richmond, Va., of which Mr. Davis was a member, told the
story of a visit made by him to the august prisoner at the
fortress. He needed no voucher. They had a very pleasant
conversation on general topics within the hearing of General
Miles, who was standing near. Mr. Davis then expressed the
desire to receive the holy communion at the hands of the
Doctor. He said : 'Mr. Davis, you know it is one of the re-
quirements of our Church that one receiving the holy office
must have his heart purged of all ill will and be in love and
charity with the world; otherwise it would be received un-
worthily. Do you think you could receive it under such cir-
cumstances?' Mr. Davis was thoughtful for a few moments
and then said : 'Leave me now, Doctor, and return a couple
of hours later.'
"On the Doctor's return Mr. Davis said : 'Doctor, I have
looked into and examined my heart and can truly say that I
have no ill will against any one and can thus receive the sacra-
ment.' It was administered then and there, while the man
was standing by who had placed shackles on the limbs of this
servant of God.
"Whoever can raise a finger of disdain or scurrility against
this heroic Christian is unworthy the name of man, and :hon-
orable' prefixed to his name is a hollow mockery."
"BENNETT YOUNG-
1864."
The picture here given should have appeared with General
Young's thrilling story of running the blockade at Wilming-
ton, N. C, in 1864 (page 392), as it shows him at the time of
this bold venture with the dar-
ing captain of the blockade run-
ner. While the hope of gain
was the inspiration for many
such exploits, there was also
the love of country which
nerved the brain and will in
many of the daring adventures
with the enemy's blockading
fleet and which added a keen-
ness to the vision which saw
a way of escape. Had sub-
mersibles been in existence
then, the problem of sustaining
the armies of the Confederacy
would have been of easy solu-
tion. Experiments in that direction by the Confederates doubt-
less aroused the world to the possibilities in under-sea craft.
Qor^federat^ l/eterai}.
3§9
A SON'S TRIBUTE.
The article beginning in the August Veteran and concluded
in this number (page 401) under the title of "The Black
Shadow of the Sixties" deserves special commendation not
only for its beauty of style and vigor of expression, but be-
cause it is the product of filial love and pride. From his
father's diary as a Confederate soldier, reenforced by that
father's memory of those eventful happenings, Mr. Curtis has
evolved a story most complete and of vivid interest. As evi-
dence that it has been appreciated, the following is taken from
a letter of Henry Victor Maxwell, of Bristol, Va. :
" 'From the Summit of Marye's Hill,' as portrayed by Finley
J. Curtis, Jr., in 'The Black Shadow of the Sixties,' appeals
to me as one of the most dramatic passages in present-day
literature, as vivid, as impressive as the story of Balaklava,
and worthy of the memorable battle of Fredericksburg.
The story impresses with its vivid beauty of truth. Wc feel
that we hear the swish of the sword and the voice of the
whistling shells as 'a vast panel of Burnside's blue-clad
human wall sank swiftly, stricken to earth.' The story is
worthy of the subject and the Veteran, and I shall look for-
ward eagerly to the next number."
The example of this son of a Confederate could be worthily
followed by others who may have at hand such material, which
should be put on record before it is too late. Every son
should see that his father's record as a Confederate soldier is
properly written up and filed with other historical records.
The elder Curtis is a grandson of Annie Boone, who was
a niece of the great pioneer, Daniel Boone, of Kentucky.
ORPHAN BRIGADE REUNION.
Survivors of the famous Orphan Brigade of Kentucky will
gather at Hopkinsville, Ky., on September 27, 28 for their
1916 reunion. Hon. W. T. Ellis will be the chief speaker, and
Gen. W. R. Haldeman, Life Commander of the Brigade, will
preside at the various sessions.
The invitation to meet in Hopkinsville was extended by
Mrs. P. E. West, President of the Christian County Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy. This reunion will be the thirty-
fourth that has been held.
Col. E. Polk Johnson, of Louisville, a member of this famous
Kentucky brigade, has received an appointment as Colonel on
the staff of Gen. George P. Harrison, Commander in Chief
U. C. V., an honor highly appreciated. Colonel Johnson has
a record in the matter of commissions as Colonel, having held
one each from Governors Buckner and Bradley and one each
as Lieutenant Colonel on the staffs of Maj. Gens. W. B.
Haldeman and W. J. Stone. However, Colonel Johnson is
prouder of the fact thai when he surrendered at Washing-
ton, Ga., May 9, 1865, he commanded his company, though
only a sergeant, a noncommissioned officer, being at that time
but little more than twenty years old.
Lieut. Col. Elijah Basye, another member of the brigade,
who was on the staff of General Haldeman when Commander
of the Kentucky Division, U. C. V., has also received an ap-
pointment on the staff of General Harrison, with the rank of
Colonel.
A Little Typographical Error. — Robert Young writes
from Eatonton, Ga. : "My article in the August Veteran on
the 'Magnanimity of a Federal Picket' was well set and printed
except for the error in making my 'ordnance sergeant' an
'orderly sergeant.' It will be new information that there were
'orderly sergeants of brigades.' "
TROOPS ENLISTED IN 1861 FOR THE WAR.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
In the May number of the Veteran there is an article
headed "Alabama Troops First to Reenlist for the War,"
which was true enough of the Army of Northern Virginia;
but the writer should have also noted the fact that in 1861
one hundred and eighty-two companies of Alabama troops
enlisted for the entire war. While not endeavoring to take
any credit from those gallant souls who decided at the start
to see the show through, I can but think that those who.
after three years' service, knowing exactly what they were
up against, took the oath again for the balance of the war
deserve more commendation than those men who were fac-
ing an unknown problem. It might, however, be said that
if they had not taken this action they would have been forced
back into the ranks by conscription; but, at any rate, both
Generals Lee and Johnston thought it of sufficient value to
issue a congratulatory order on the subject and thus recog-
nized its worth to the Confederacy.
On December 13, 1861, a statement of the troops enlisted
for the war read thus: Georgia, 270 companies; Alabama,
182; Louisiana, 145; North Carolina, 120; Mississippi, 90;
Texas, So; South Carolina, 68; Tennessee, 40; Virginia, 34;
Arkansas, 32; Kentucky, 30; Maryland, 10; Florida, 6. Total,
1,107 companies.
In the June Veteran there is a statement showing that
Georgia surrendered more nun at Appomattox, and the above
shows that she furnished one and a half times more troops
who enlisted for the war in 18O1 than any other State, which
proves that our great commonwealth certainly did a man's
part in the stirring days of our sixties; but I have another
statement before me which shows that in 1863 there were
over 42,000 able-bodied men left in the State and another
which shows that in February. 1865. there were 8.229 ex-
emptions among State officers alone. I presume that the bulk
of the 1863 shirkers were forced into the ranks before the
finish ; but I cannot understand what became of the exempts
of 1865, for, with a broad acquaintance over the entire State,
I have yet to meet a man physically able to fight who did not
go, or, at any rate, they don't brag about it.
I am of the opinion that if every man able to do so had
gone from Georgia and had fought as gallantly as those who
went, we alone could have come mighty near whipping the
Yankees. At any rate, wc certainly could not have done any
worse than the entire Confederacy did.
The Fighting at Sharpsburc.— E. L. Wilkins writes from
Manning, S. C. : "Referring to page 314 of the July Veteran,
G. B. Philpot, of Millburn, N. J., says of Sharpsburg: 'All-
day fighting, night and darkness ended it. General Lee
crossed the river for want of ammunition.' If he means that
General Lee did not offer fight on the next day, he is mis-
taken. The Sharpsburg battle was desperately fought Sep-
tember 17, 1862; battle was offered on the next day. and we
crossed the river that night. General Lee was short of can-
non ammunition, but the boys had their forty rounds and
forty extra, eighty rounds in all. I was a member of General
Jenkins's brigade and was wounded in the fight, but very
slightly; lay in line of battle all the next day on the same line
we closed on. General McClellan did not want any more.
It is true that General Lee was short of men, but offered bat-
tle. I was with General Lee from Seven Pines to the close
of the war. General Lee was never driven from a battle
field."
39o
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
WHAT THE SOUTH IS DOING FOR HER VETERANS.
BY CAPT. P. M. DE LEON, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The table hereto appended is compiled from reports received
by Senator Fletcher, General Estopinal, and myself from the
Pension Commissioners and other officials of the various
States and is unquestionably accurate, or as nearly so as pos-
sible. It proves beyond question the fallacy that there are
only 40,000 to 50,000 Confederate veterans living. The table
shows 69,531 drawing pensions and 2,354 in Homes (71,885
veterans), besides 61,605 widows— total, 133,400. The number
of veterans and widows not pensioned is doubtless as great,
which would go to show a total of 250,000 to 275,000 men and
women of the war still living.
The average age of the veteran is estimated at 74.4 years,
so the present generation will not be burdened with them
very long or required to pay the $3, $4, and $5 per month
they are now grudgingly giving them. In my opinion, the
treatment of the veterans by some of the States has been in-
excusable and will continue to be so until the Daughters of
the Confederacy unite in demanding that their few remaining
days be made comfortable. Men, even many of the veterans
in easy circumstances, are indifferent; but women (God bless
them!) have tender, sympathetic hearts, and it is to be hoped
that they will force some of our selfish legislatures to give our
aged comrades proper relief. As they are dying at the rate of
about 14 per cent per annum, it will be for but a few years.
If words could be coined into gold, the old veterans would
be rich ; but blatant oratory does not give bread or relieve suf-
fering. Five of the States, I am happy to say, pay their vet-
erans $10 per month, which all of them should do, by appro-
priation out of the general fund. Special taxes are too uncer-
tain and variable. Some of the States allow husbands and
wives to enter Homes. In my opinion, all the States should
pay a minimum pension of $15 per month, allow husbands,
wives, and widows to enter their State Homes, and open their
Homes to all veterans and widows, whether in the State a
day, a year, or fifty years. The end is too near to continue
restrictions which debar worthy men and women from assist-
ance. And it is a cruelty to separate a veteran from his faith-
ful helpmate of many years.
Tennessee, Kentucky, Florida, Oklahoma, and Missouri all
pay $10 per month and, Tennessee excepted, permit husbands
and wives to enter their Homes, which all the States should
do. But other States are criminally indifferent. Next to the
five States named comes Louisiana, paying $8 per month; but
the other States fall behind until we come to Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Mississippi, which pay very
small pensions. All of them should do more and give in-
mates of Homes a small monthly allowance for pocket money,
as they draw no pensions when they enter State Homes.
There is more excuse for Virginia, burdened as she is
with an enormous debt and having been the storm center
of the war, and less for South Carolina, which, as the table
shows, foots the list, having spent less than $4,000,000 on her
veterans since the war, against nearly $19,000,000 appropriated
by Georgia and $7,000,000 by little Florida.
If the legislatures plead poverty by their States, as some of
them do, then let such States issue either fifty-year bonds or
fifty-year notes, renewable before expiration by limitation, and
let posterity help to pay the debt due the men and women
of the sixties. The South pays about $40,000,000 this year
to support Union veterans; but being an indirect tax, the bur-
den is felt only in the high cost of living. She also pays
$8,500,000 to support her own veterans, raised by direct taxa-
tion, which is burdensome in some States.
The legislatures of all the cotton States should demand the
return of the cotton tax, which was pure spoliation. Congress
should allow the States to bring suit against the government
to test its constitutionality. In all probability a suit will result
favorably to the South and the money be repaid to the States,
which, after paying proven claims (which will be, perhaps, not
Pensions Paid by the States of the South, Number of Inmates in Homes, and Other Data Compiled from
Reports of State Officials.
States.
Virginia (A)
North Carolina (A)
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama (B) .....'.'..'.
Mississippi
Louisiana (B)
Texas 1 C)
Arkansas
Kentucky
Tennessee
Oklahoma
Missouri (D)
Maryland !!!!!
West Virginia provides no Home and
Total.
Inmates of
I [omes
during
1915.
2S9
'.SO
7'
"5
28
9S
230
>25
352
136
20S
98
98
281
75
pays no
2.354
Appro'-riations
for Humes
during 1910.
$ 60,000
35.000
17,000
36,000
5.°4°
14,700
50,000
25,000
91.830
48,000
42,000
25,000
I7.500
55.850
15,000
pensions.
$512,920
Pensions Paid,
1916.
$ 572,000
500,000
2S2,000
975,000
775,000
950,000
475.000
550,000
1,350,000
650,000
348,000
940,000
20,000
100,000
Maryland pays
$8,487,000
Annu il
Pensions to
Veterans
and
Widows.
$ 33
32
36
60
120
"4
40
96
67
62
120
120
120
120
no pensi
Veterans on
Pension Roil.
S.I22
S,7oS
3,670
10,000
2,4S6
7.436
4.5 '9
3,>85
7.379
5.274
1.744
4.552
644
11,811
Provid
69.530
Widows on
Pension Holl.
4.793
6,326
4,S6S
7.695
2,649
7.436
4,670
2,72S
10,241
5,275
1,208
3,36o
356
Expended for
Pensions and
Homes to Jan. I,
1916.
es Home onl y.
61,605
$ 7,277,000
6,500,000
3907,000
18,725,000
7,2Sy,ooo
11,668,000
5,979,000
4,1 17,000
7,650,000
6,150,000
1,333,000
S, 440.000
830,000
1,10^,000
$90,970,000
( \ ) \ irginia, North Carolina, and Texis have separate small Homes for women. Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri ad-
mit wives with husbands into Homes. South Carolina. Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maryland do not admit wives or widows.
■}? Pension varies; provided by special tax. Men and women on pension roll said to be about equal; no separate list kept.
(C 1 P -nsion varies; special tax. Six hundred and ninety-seven negro servants of veterans are pensioned.
<L») Vi s- uri does not pension widows.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
391
over $18,000,000), will have left perhaps $50,000,000 to use in
caring for the veteran and the widow.
Facts about the Cotton Tax.
An erroneous impression prevails that the Supreme Court
of the United States declared the Cotton Tax levied in the
sixties unconstitutional. This is a mistake. The court did,
however, declare in another case, brought after it acted on
the cotton tax case, involving the same question, that a to .
on production zvas unconstitutional.
The facts are as follows: During the war the United States
imposed a tax on cotton and collected between $3,000,000 and
$4,000,000; after the war, up to 1868, it collected between
$64,000,000 and $65,000,000. wrung from the impoverished peo-
ple of the South, who in those days found it difficult, in many
cases, to provide bread and meat for their families. Of water
they had an abundance, as well as courage and fortitude,
which, thank God! they still possess. In 1867 a Mr. Farring-
ton, of Memphis. Term., refused to pay the tax and brought
suit in the Circuit Court of Tennessee, at Memphis, to test the
right of the United States to exact the tax. The case was
tried before the Circuit Court of the United States, sitting at
Memphis, which decided the tax to be constitutional. An ap-
peal was taken to the United States Supreme Court. The
plaintiff was represented by very able counsel, among others
Ex-United States Judge Campbell, of the Supreme Court,
and Philip Phillips, of Alabama, once a member of Con-
gress from Mobile, one of the most eminent lawyers of his
time, and a number of other legal luminaries. The United
States also had able counsel. The case ran through several
years and was argued and reargued, but in 1S71 the forensic
battle ended. The Court then divided, four of the Justices af-
firming and four denying the constitutionality of the tax. This
had the effect of affirming the decision of the Circuit Court of
Memphis and in effect declared the tax to be constitutional.
This was during the mad days of Reconstruction, when the
South was under the despot's heel, who was endeavoring to
Africanize her, disfranchising her bravest and best, and trying
to republicanize her by giving political power to the negroes.
This ended the matter, and the Supreme Court of the
United States up till to-day has never directly reversed its
decision on the cotton tax question, although in a case tried
subsequently it did decide a tax on production to be unconsti-
tutional. Very man of our leading men believe that if these
States were allowed by Congress to sue the government, the
Supreme Court, by a large majority, would decide the tax to
be unconstitutional.
A bill offered by Senator Chilton, of West Virginia, allow-
ing the States to sue the United States, is now before the
Senate. If, as it is to be hoped, it becomes a law, any cotton
State can bring suit against the United States to recover the
amount of taxes paid by her citizens on cotton, and it is be-
lieved she will win hands down. The effect would be that
each cotton State would recover en bloc the various amounts
paid by her citizens.
The dreadful days of Reconstruction are passed, and reason
has returned to the North, which as a whole is heartily
ashamed of the history made at that period. Should the
States be repaid the amount extorted from their citizens, they
would, after paying proved claims, have perhaps $50,000,000
left to apply to the care of the aged men and women of the
South who have made her immortal and illustrated American-
ism, causing men of all sections now to admire and reverence
her splendid record under our immortal leaders.
THE COTTON TAX OF THE SIXTIES.
To those not thoroughly posted on this matter the follow-
ing information relative to the cotton tax collected by the
United States government from 1863 to 1868 will be of in-
terest. This relates solely to the tax on cotton, not to the
amount secured on cotton taken or collected by officers or
agents of the United States under provisions of the "cap-
tured or abandoned property act of March 12, 1863." Under
Section 162 of the Judicial Code, approved March 3, 191 1,
jurisdiction was conferred on the Court of Claims "to hear
and determine the claims of those whose property was taken
subsequent to June 1, 1863."
The tax on cotton was levied under the seventy-fifth sec-
tion of the act of July 1, 1862, entitled "An Act to Provide
Internal Revenue to Support the Government and to Pay
Interest on the Public Debt"; and by the act of February 3,
1863, all cotton grown in the Tinted States after the year
1S67 was exempted. At first the tax was half a cent per
pound, but was increased to two cents, then to three cents,
and later reduced to two and a half cents.
No separate or distinct account known or described as the
"Cotton Tax Fund" was ever kept on the books of the Treas-
ury Department. The moneys derived from the tax on cot-
ton were deposited as receipts from internal revenue and ap-
plied to the various expenses of the government.
Congress has never enacted any law providing for the re-
turn of this cotton tax, hut bills have been introduced from
time to time proposing to refund it in accordance with varioti
plans. At least fifteen hills of the kind have been introduced
ie present session.
A.MOUN1 Collected.
The following is the amount of internal revenue tax on
r.iu cotton collected in each State during the fiscal years
[863 to iStvS, inclusive :
Alabama ( 1866-68) $10,388,072 10
Arkansas ( 1866-68) 2,555.638 43
California ( 1866-67) 430 04
Connecticut (1863, 1864, 18671 19364
Florida (1866-68) 918.94498
Georgia ( 1866-68) 1 1.097.094 98
Illinois (1863-68) 379144 42
Indiana (1863-68) 92.7-7 -2
Iowa (1864) 27
Kansas ( 1865-67) 286 15
Kentucky (1863-68I 553,327 45
Louisiana ( 1863-68) 10,098,501 00
Maryland (1863-68) 5L349 52
Massachusetts (1863-68) 66,67930
Mississippi (1866-68) 8,742,995 93
Missouri (1863-68) 592,09836
New Jersey ( [864, 1867) 3.656 42
New York (1863-68) 867.942 68
North Carolina ( 1866-68) 1,959-704 87
Ohio (1863-68) 447.12- 12
Pennsylvania (1863-68) 78.535 06
Rhode Island ( 1863-65 1 2424 73
South Carolina (1866-68) 4,172.420 16
Tennessee (1864-68) 7,873460 71
Texas ( 1866-68) 5.502,401 24
Utah (1863-68) 1. 375 34
Virginia (1864-68) 825,85687
Grand total $68,072,388 90
392
(^otyfederat^ l/eterap.
RUNNING THE BLOCKADE.
BY CE.M. BENNETT H. YOUNG, LOUISVILLE, KY.
On the 26th of July, 1863, while riding with Gen. John H.
Morgan on the Ohio raid, I was made a prisoner of war.
The long march of one thousand miles from Burksville, Ky.,
to Salineville, Ohio, running through twenty-six days, had
been a tremendous strain on the physical endurance of Gen-
eral Morgan's troops. When captured I was first carried to
the Ohio penitentiary and left there a short while, then sent
to Camp Chase and thence to Camp Douglas, Giicago, 111.,
whence I escaped in January, 1864.
As the days grew darker for the life of the Confederacy,
my desire to return was intensified by the misfortunes of my
people. The short and easy way to return to the South would
have been through Kentucky; but at that time General Bur-
bridge, in command there, with cruel and relentless barbarity
was putting to death on the slightest pretense many Confed-
erate prisoners who were taken in that State, and my family
suggested that, while I had a right to risk my own life, I had
no right to risk their fortunes and their lives by using them
as the vehicle for supplying my wants and piloting me through
the State of Kentucky into the Confederate lines.
The Federal sentinel whom I had bribed by paying a hun-
dred dollars to allow me to climb the fence at Camp Doug-
las had also been induced by the money of other Kentucky
boys to grant them the same privilege. Cash was plentiful
with Morgan's men. They had postal communication with
outside friends, and this accommodating "bluecoat" had driven
a thriving business in trading with those restive raiders. It
was said about the prison at that time that he had made about
eight thousand dollars while engaged in this brokerage escape
business. As the evidence of his trade began to accumulate,
and as he really had enough to take care of him, certainly
during the war, he wisely concluded to emigrate to Canada,
where he could meet the Kentucky gentlemen whom he had
obliged by permitting them to scale the walls of Camp Doug-
las.
The Confederate commissioners had been informed that
there were a thousand escaped Confederates in Canada. This
was greatly exaggerated. I was designated and commissioned
to gather up such soldiers as were willing to return to the
South and continue fighting. "Powder food" at that time
was extremely scarce in the Confederacy, and a thousand
strong, lusty cavalrymen were deemed by the Confederate gov-
ernment a most promising source of help in the depleted ranks
of the Southern army. Traveling from place to place where
these Confederates were residing in numerous colonies, I was
disappointed to find only twenty who were willing to return.
The Confederate government provided the money for the
transportation of all who were ready to go, and I was di-
rected to take the men to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and from
there take passage by British vessels to the Bermuda Islands,
and then to reenter the Confederacy at Wilmington, N. C,
or Charleston, S. C, through the numerous blockade runners
that were carrying supplies through these two ports of the
Confederacy.
The St. Lawrence River was closed during the winter
months, and there was no railroad then from Montreal to
Halifax; so I went on the first boat that passed down the
St. Lawrence after the ice floes had passed out. There was a
bimonthly line between Halifax and the Bermudas, and with
ray twenty-one men I reached St. George's, Bermuda, and had
the pleasure of meeting John Newland Maffitt, who com-
manded the privateer Florida. He was good enough to offer
me a commission in the navy and desired me to go with him
on his privateer, which was then lying in the harbor at St.
George's, with several Federal cruisers outside waiting for
his departure. One dark night he went out and started anew
his career of destruction of Federal ships.
At that time St. George's was the gate that was used for
the blockade line into Wilmington, and while I was there
twenty-one boats were waiting for the dark of the moon.
These trips could be made only about ten days each month.
It was impossible to enter the harbor which led up the Cape
Fear River to Wilmington except in the darkest of the night,
and this, as is well known, always preceded the breaking of
day. At the proper season of the month St. George's harbor
and town were scenes of extremest activity. Enfield rifles and
powder, bacon, clothing, and war materials of all kinds were
hurried aboard these vessels. The risk was very great, but
a safe trip of a blockade runner with a cargo of cotton out-
bound was worth two or three times the cost of a vessel.
Six or eight of these vessels were to leave on Sunday
night. Among the gentlemen who had gone back South under
my command were James S. Schooling, of Lebanon, Ky.,
John D. Allison, of Henderson, and J. R. Morton, afterwards
Circuit Judge of the Lexington District. The war had not
obliterated the scruples of a strict Presbyterian training con-
cerning the sacredness of the Sabbath, although my experiences
with Morgan had rudely shattered some of its ideas, so I
decided not to go out Sunday night. Eight of the vessels were
going to leave Sunday night, eight or ten more Monday night.
I had paid $150 for passage to Wilmington for the soldiers
on these blockade runners. They were pure and simple money-
makers. They did not gush at all over the Confederacy and
its soldiers, and they demanded $250 for each passenger.
They were manned largely by British officers and sailors.
Very few Confederates were engaged in these expeditions.
Employees received fabulous wages; ordinary seamen were
paid a hundred dollars a month.
The Thistle was a spry little boat, and Schooling and Allison
decided to go out Sunday night on this vessel. I suggested
that they had better wait until Monday night, but they in-
sisted that "the better the day, the better the deed," and so I
shipped them on the Thistle. There was a little vessel called
the Florie that struck my eye. She was long and slender
and rakish-looking and painted white, as were all these ves-
sels, and had paddle wheels almost as big as a Mississippi
River steamer. That month the first twin screw steamer
came out. She afterwards made several successful trips and
earned fabulous sums for her owners. Her officers were al-
most altogether men who had resigned from the British navy.
She could make over twenty knots an hour, and her officers
felt that she could walk away from any blockader in the fleet.
The commander of the Florie was a young Charlestonian,
not more than twenty-two years of age. Skilled in his busi-
ness, nervy to a degree which bordered on recklessness, he
had been given command of the Florie, which was making her
first trip. That he was "dead game," none who looked into his
eye would dare deny, and he struck me as a man who would
encounter all the emergencies of the adventures we were apt
to meet on a hazardous voyage. He knew the North Caro-
lina coast like a boy knows his A B C's ; and whatever might
betide, I felt sure he would meet the calls of the hour. He
wanted us to go on his ship and said if we had no funds we
could go "deadhead." I told him I had Confederate gold to
pay our way.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
3« >3
I shipped on the Florie with four of my comrades, and we
left on schedule time Monday night. All went well until the
fourth day out, when we were off the mouth of the Cape Fear
River about one hundred and fifty miles. The distance from
the entrance to Bermuda was something like nine hundred
and fifty miles. We had expected that night to make the port.
Standing out a hundred and fifty miles would enable us to
run in so as to pass the cordon of blockaders at about two
•or three o'clock in the morning.
While steaming slowly and leisurely along, our attention
was called to two great columns of smoke ascending about
twenty miles north. One ship was directly in line of the other,
and from the amount of smoke that was escaping it was evi-
dent that each was speeding her best. They came closer anil
•closer, and w-e could discover with the aid of glasses that the
Thistle, which had only one smokestack, was being pursued
by a Federal blockader. Closer and closer the pursuer came,
and about five o'clock in the afternoon it became evident that
the blockader would overtake the little vessel, which, with
maddening speed and effort, was seeking to escape until the
darkness of the night, when it might lose itself in the wide
ness of the ocean. The Florie turned south and ran out of
her course a hundred miles to get rid of the blockader.
When we last saw her. she was so close to the Thistle that
it was apparent that escape was impossible.
Upon the capture of the Thistle all the crew and passengers
were lined up anil required to swear that they were citizens
of Great Britain. Schooling and Allison both had naturaliza-
tion papers of British citizenship, which they had borrowed
from sympathizing friends. Tin \ wen not undisposed to lie
in this matter up to the point of swearing. At that both hesi
tated and said they would not perjure themselves; that they
were Confederate prisoners who were returning to their coun-
try. They were taken to Fort Warren, at Boston Harbor, and
kept until sometime after the war. Both of them became
prominent citizens. Schooling was prosecuting attorney of the
Lebanon judicial district and Allison a leading merchant in
Western Kentucky.
Floating, steaming slowly, and still circling so as to get
the right position off the entrance to Cape Fear River, on
the following day about live o'clock the Florie began to turn
toward the port of entry. It was yet a long run to the forts
that defended the port of Wilmington, so vital to the Con-
federate cause. Every eye was scanning the horizon, and
every heart, however brave, beat a little quicker as we drew
near the real scene of danger. Ten hours would tell the
story — blown up, destroyed, captured, or safe in the Confed-
eracy. These were the issues we were now facing, and they
were surely problems that required both courage and stead}
nerve. The lights were all put out, everything was done to
muffle the sounds, and the ship was put to its best. Reckon-
ings were carefully taken and then retaken. She was running
Something like twenty-two miles an hour. On the prow of
this lookout a couple of men were placed to make observa-
tions as to the presence of a blockader. It was awfully dark,
with no sound except the paddles as they stirred and pounded
the waves. All sailors and passengers were ordered not to
speak above a wdiisper, and all was quiet except the ripple that
came from the prow of the craft as it plowed its way through
the current of the ocean and the strokes of the paddles which
were beating the water as the craft glided with all haste on
its bosom of blue.
It turned out afterwards that we had miscalculated just a
few minutes. The blockaders obscured their portholes, painted
9*
their sides black, and. with every light put out. it was diffi-
cult to see them on the horizon while we were thus racing
along and hoping that we would not be discovered. In an
instant, without warning, the portholes of a blockader were
suddenly opened, such searchlights as they had were used to
locate the presence of the blockade runner, and through his
trumpet the captain of the blockader loudly demanded its
surrender. The eaptain of the Florie had not been trained in
early life to any degree of piety, and through his trumpet he
answered back: "Go to hell, damn you; go to hell 1" In an
instant the blockader turned loose, and the Florie veered from
her direction, so she was not more than four or five hundred
feet from the ship, the form of which was now plainly to be
seen. Then we began the race for life. The first shot either
scared off or knocked off the watchman in the crow's nest,
and all the crew except the pilot made a wild dash to gel
below deck. As we carried many tons of powder in the hold,
they did not seem to realize that that was the worst place they
could go The captain felt that he must have somebody in
the crow's nest, and he asked me if 1 would go up. There
ran through my mind the idea that 1 was nothing but a land-
lubber, and the crow's nest was not tin- best place for a man
who had not been to sea before; but the instinct of a soldier
and the pride of a Kentuckian came to the rescue, and I
clambered up to the crow's nest as if I really wanted to go.
This, however, was not true. It seemed to me that every
ship in the world was that night off the mouth of the Cape
Fear River. Shot after shot was fired: and as from the crow's
nest I caught views of the blockaders on the right and block-
aders on the left, it appeared to me wars in which we were
making that tierce flight and brave fight tor life, without very
much hope of getting safely away, All the blockaders opened
their portholes and strung themselves along the line through
which the Florie was preparing to enter the harbor ami which
was not very wide. They knew well enough the road the
fleeting and fleeing ship and its beleaguered crew must travel.
I had learned the amount of powder that was aboard the
Florie, and it was not a very comfortable thought that if a
shot or shell should hit just right about the engine or p
the world would never find even a button off the clothing of
the men who were aboard the Florie.
The minutes lengthened, the game became more exciting,
the gray dawn of morning was just creeping up the eastern
horizon, and as we looked with limited vision along the path
we must go we still saw blockade runners with, it seemed to
us, no fear of the Confederate guns which commanded the
mouth of the Cape Fear River and stood waiting to defend
and protect the little Florie if she could only get within their
sympathetic range.
Once discovered, there was no use of hiding. The only
chance of escape was to drive through the cordon where a
possible opening appeared and take chances of a shot or shell
sinking the little craft The furnace was fired with bacon ;
everj piece of iron and wood in the \essel trembled with the
mighty strain that was placed upon it. The great paddles
were driven to their utmost tension, and they seemed to lift
the vessel off the face of the water, and still in the face of all
this down went the word to the engineer: "Fire up! Fire
up!" And he was told to "Drive harder! Drive her like
hell!"
I was not so reckless as the captain. He was getting a
thousand dollars a month and a percentage of the cargo that
he took out, and up on the crow's nest I began to think-
maybe it was not such a great thing, after all. to fight for the
394
C^opfederat^ 1/eteraQ.
Confederacy, and certainly a man had better take his chances
through West Virginia or Tennessee or down into the Con-
federacy by land ; and more than once I regretted that I did
not take my chances with Burbridge and walk through, if
needs be, from Canada to the borders of the Confederacy.
The game grew hotter and hotter and the efforts of the
blockaders to catch the little vessel stronger and stronger,
but up in my perch with shaded eye I sang out the dangers
that were ahead down to the captain on the bridge. I called
out without a tremor in my voice : "Blockader on the right !
Blockader on the left!" It looked to me that the fate of
the landlubber was hard, but I was in for the whole game and
resolved that, whatever came, I would do the best a landlubber
knew how. The change was long, the pursuit fierce, the ef-
forts to destroy relentless, but through it all a generous Provi-
dence brought the little craft. True, she had been struck
several times, but she escaped a stroke at the vital spot.
Battered, hammered a little, she had run through the fierce
storm of shot and shell. She had successfully accomplished
her purpose. Just as the daylight gave clear vision of the sur-
roundings the little vessel landed at the dock under Fort
Fisher, and, looking up, we saw the garrison who had been
watching with eager interest the fight and flight, and above
it all was the Stars and Bars, to me then a signal of safety,
an object of love. We clambered out of the little vessel onto
the pier, and I walked up into the fort and kissed the folds
of the red-and-white flag. The officers congratulated us on
our bold and fearless conduct ; but the little captain, as hand-
some as an Adonis, with as brave a heart as ever beat in the
breast of mortal man, while receiving the congratulations of
the Confederates did not seem to think that he had done any-
thing out of the ordinary.
Looking back across the line of the harbor, we saw another
blockade runner, the Will-o'-the-Wisp. She too was run-
ning the gauntlet, and she was passing through an ordeal
worse than ours, because she was a few minutes behind us.
Finding escape impossible, the bold captain beached the little
vessel and was fortunate enough to do so under the protection
of the guns of Fort Fisher. Torn by shot and shell, she lay on
the beach. She had made the port, but it was after a trial as
if by fire. The things she had were precious to the Confeder-
acy, and lighters and boats crowded around the craft to relieve
her of her load of shot, shell, clothing, and provisions, and in
a short while she was floated safely into the harbor.
The Florie soon passed the twenty-five miles between Fort
Fisher and Wilmington, and by nine o'clock we were at the
dock at Wilmington. I was extremely anxious to return
thanks to the beneficent Providence that had brought us
safely through the excitement, danger, exposure, and experi-
ences of the night. I hastened to the First Presbyterian
Church of Wilmington to join in its prayers and praise and
to give thanks to God, who had taken care of us most won-
derfully in the difficulties and dangers of the wierd and soul-
trying scenes of the night before.
Ordered out of the Confederacy on reaching Richmond, I
had the good fortune to strike the Florie on her return trip,
just a month later. She carried a thousand bales of cotton.
These were packed around her smokestack, and every avail-
able space was filled with the precious fiber. We went out on
our return trip without even seeing a blockader and landed
safely at St. George's, Bermuda, with $750,000 worth of Con-
federate cotton. The Florie made several other trips, and in
1867, while living abroad and visiting Glasgow, Scotland, at
the pier I saw the Florie. She did not look quite as smart
and as trim as she did in 1864. 1 went aboard her. but there
was to be found no trace of anybody who made the perilous,
journey with me into Wilmington. I could but feel a deep
attachment for the little boat which had had such marvelous
experiences in her career.
CAMP LIFE IN THE SIXTIES*
BY MRS. L. G. MITCHELL, ST. LOUIS, MO.
There were two mail carriers for the Missouri and Ken-
tucky Confederate troops officially appointed, Capt. Absalom
Carlisle Grimes and Mr. Robert Louden. The latter did more
of spying, however, than of mail-carrying, though lie did
make two trips into Vicksburg, Miss., with mail when that
city was under siege, and on several occasions carried mail
for the troops.
Captain Grimes made thirteen trips through the Union lines
in his hazardous undertaking of mail-carrying. This was the
only means of communication of the troops with their loved
ones at home. He was captured six times and succeeded ia
escaping five times, being pardoned the sixth time by a tele-
gram from President Lincoln after brutal treatment in the
Missouri penitentiary by Warden Miller, who had no au-
thority whatever over him. as he was a military prisoner.
The following incidents are extracts from his diary :
"Our men captured a man spying in our camp. He was-
tried and sentenced to be shot at once. I did not care to-
witness the scene, so 1 remained in camp to wash one of the-
two red flannel shirts that I owned. It is unnecessary to re-
mark that the shirt needed washing. I took our camp kettle,,
which was used for any and all purposes — laundry, cooking.,
heating water, etc. — filled it with water, placed the flannel'
shirt therein, placed a rock on the shirt to keep it under-
water so no part of it could get over the edge of the kettle-
while boiling and be burned by the blaze, then I built a fire-
under the kettle. I then concluded to take a walk in the-
direction the men had taken the spy. When about a mile out-
of camp, I sat on top of a rail fence, with the butt of my gun-
resting on a lower rail. The rail upon which I was sitting'
broke in two, and the hammer of the gun struck a rail below.
The gun was discharged, and the ball tore a hole in the
wide brim of my hat. That event removed all thought of
interest in the fate of the spy, and I returned to camp to-
look after the welfare of my red flannel shirt. I found Frank
Pitts, Frank and Charley Holtzclaw, and one or two other
comrades standing about the fire and the boiling kettle. Pres-
ently one of them took a stick, stuck it into the kettle, and,
greatly to my astonishment, resurrected a large ham. I yelled'
out: 'What did you fellows do with my shirt?' 'What shirt?'
came from two of them. I quickly informed that foraging-
squad that my only change of linen was in that' camp kettle
in the process of renovation. They jerked the kettle from-
the fire and emptied the contents on the ground. I can truth-
fully state that there was the reddest ham ever exhibited to
the gaze of any human being and that the shirt was the
greasiest piece of wearing apparel known to mankind.
"After half an hour's consultation and elaborate cussing, it
was decided that the flavor of the ham and the mode of color-
ing wound not be appreciated if it was replaced in the kettle
and fully prepared for consumption, so it was carried away
and ditched. But with the shirt I was loath to part, so I
took a lot of ashes and boiled it the rest of the day and night,.
•Copyright — all rights reseoryed;:
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
395
changing the water and ashes several limes. That shirt never
fully recovered from its contact with the ham, the result
being that it was easily donned or removed on account of the
lubricating qualities furnished by the stolen ill-fated ham.
This was well, because it was several sizes smaller after its
strenuous laundering. I often heard from my pals concern-
ing the loss of that ham.
"While in this camp we had the first biscuit we had had since
leaving Lexington, Mo. Do I remember those biscuit? I
could not possibly forget them. They were 'whole-wheat bis-
cuit' to the limit; only the straw and root were missing
The mixture was regulated with water alone, and the biscuit
were about the size and shape of a baseball and just about
as tender. They were baked fairly well done on the outsidi
One could eat the outer layer and rebake the balance for thi
next meal, and so on until the biscuit succumbed to wear
When we returned after eating cue of those Dixie biscuit, we
had to be sure how we wanted to lie all night, for mos
MAIDS 01 HONOB Al BIRMINGHAM REUNION
Miss Gladys Blackwell, Kansas City, Mo. ; Miss Myrene Hou-
chin, St. Louis, Mo.
suredly it was an impossibility to turn over, as the biscuit
was heavy enough to keep the consumer in position.
"One of our company (Company K, 1st Missouri Cavalry)
named Hawkins was taken very ill, and we obtained permis
sion to care for him in a small farmhouse near the camp.
After a week he died. We made a rough coffin of some pine
boards and wrapped the corpse in a sheet in such a way that
only his face was exposed. Five of the soldiers, myself in-
cluded, stayed at the house that night to sit up with the corpse.
Among the watchers was Dave Young, a sort of butt of all
jokes in camp, and a man named Henderson, who bore a
strong resemblance to the corpse. Henderson had long black
whiskers and black hair and was constantly smoking a cob
pipe, as Hawkins had done. After we had watched until about
one o'clock in the morning. Young tilted his chair back
against the fireplace and went to sleep. We ..included it would
be a splendid opportunity to shake off our drowsiness and to
-nme fun, so we took the corpse out of the coffin and
laid it upon a bench in the hall. We then set the coffin on
one end right by the door that led into the hall, the only door-
m the room. There were two windows on the front side of
the room, one near the door and one near the fireplace, close.
to where Young was asleep in the chair. We took the wind,
ing sheet off the corpse and wrapped it around Hend
leaving only his face exposed, as the corpse's had been. He
then stood in the coffin, and we placed a cob pipe in his mouth.
which he smoked with long whiffs. All of our party went
outside, leaving Young sound asleep in his chair, tilled back
against the fireplace. When we were outside, we made a
to arouse Young and watched him through the window,
i by him. He awakened and saw the corpse immedi-
ately in front of him, between him and the door. He jumped
ui>, rubbed his eyes first with one hand and then the other,
standing with his mouth wide open and looking at what he
d was the corpse standing up in the coffin (it stood on
end), with the winding sheet covering all but his face, and
smoking a pipe. He glanced hastily about the room and said
in an awed voice: 'Boys, are you all gone?' Henderson in a
drawling voice said: 'Yes, Pave, they have all gone and left
you ; hut I will stay with you.' Young said in a loud, excited
tone, 'I will be d— if you stay with me.' and out the window
he unit. The window was about half open. He broke out
i the glass and took the rest and the sash with him as he
fell full length on the ground, about six feet below. He
to his feet and starti mp, pinching only in high
We yelled at him, but he never heard us; and when
he reached camp, he fainted from fright and exhaustion. We
returned to the house, rearranged our corpse, and were no
longer drowsy.
"After arriving in St. Louis from Priceville, all the grape-
vine emissaries were kept busy, as I brought a large mail.
I he government authorities had discovered that a regular
ui.nl service between the Rebel- of Missouri and the Rebel
army in the South was being manipulated without proper au-
thority from the United States government, and they were
leaving no stone unturned to demolish the system. Bob Lou-
den was also on the go, but his work consisted chiefly of car-
rying official dispatches. However, he handled considerable
mail, and the amusement of burning steamboats was also ac-
credited to him. he was, therefore, much in demand by the
Federals.
"1 left St. Louis this trip on July 12 via Indianapolis, where
1 was to iiu,i Cob for a day or two of rest to our troubled
consciences and unlawful pastimes, but that rest scheme did
396
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
not pan out by a big majority. I arrived in Indianapolis on
July 13. I had boxed up all my mail in St. Louis and ex-
pressed it to Louisville to a drug bouse, the charges prepaid.
Bob arrived that same evening from Chicago. The England
was the name of the hotel at which we stopped. It was close
to a big market house square. It was not a hotel at which
scented napkins and finger bowls, with a piece of lemon in
them, were used instead of soap and water to wash your
hands, for which they charged three or four dollars every
twenty-four hours or less. We shared one room and certainly
enjoyed being together and feeling perfectly secure from con-
tributing our society to satisfy the "Feds" in their desire to
cage us up and thereby curtail our roving propensities to an
extent that would suit their ideas of loyalty to 'the IJjiion.
"We attended the theater the first night and gawked about
town next day reading signs. In our rambles we went up-
stairs into the hall over the market house, and there we found
a large room that would seat five or six hundred people.
After supper we noticed that this hall was brilliantly lighted.
On inquiry as to this extravagance in gas, our landlord in-
formed us that there had been a draft made in the State for
several thousand men to go into the Union army, and there
were many men drafted whose patriotism was insufficient to
induce them to go to the front in deference to the old flag
of the Union and thereby relinquish their taste for hot rolls,
sirloin steak, and fine pastry, and instead adopt a taste for
sowbelly, hard-tack, and black coffee. That sacrifice was not
so objectionable as was the prospect of getting their much-
treasured carcasses punctured in trying to stop Rebel bullets
while in battle, which would likely take place while they
were upholding the old flag. Upon receiving this information
we hiked out over to the hall to post up on the improved
plan to replenish the Union army by buying substitutes.
"Before going upstairs into the hall. Bob went into a little
dive and negotiated for a drink of whisky. Two spoonfuls
of that market house whisky would induce a rabbit to spit
in a bulldog's face. Now. after that invigorating dose was
located, Bob was well qualified for any emergency that might
present itself, whether it concerned us in any way or not.
"The hall was soon filled with men, and upon the platform
were seated about twenty-five. A man who was apparently
master of ceremonies informed the audience that the men on
the platform had all been drafted to serve in the United States
army and were there to buy substitutes and that they would
make bids, as at an auction, for men to take their places as
soldiers. When the bid was high enough to induce any one
to accept the position, he was to signify the same by holding
up his hand and going forward to the desk on the platform,
give his name and address, and he would then be given a card
instructing him to call at the address thereon at ten o'clock
next day ; the deal would then be closed and the amount of
the bid paid to the substitute in United States greenbacks.
"We sat there much interested while the game went on.
Several bids, from six hundred and fifty to eight hundred
dollars, were made and accepted. Directly some patriot bid
eight hundred dollars, and may I never see the back of my
neck again if that transmogrified cuss Bob didn't jump up
and sing out: 'I'll take that!' I clamped onto his coattail
and tried to pull him back to his seat; but he was too strong
for me, and up he went and was put through the routine, as
above stated. There was a government reward posted for
both Grimes and Louden, 'One thousand dollars, dead or
alive.' When he returned to his seat, I said: 'What in the
world do you mean by making such a break as that?' He
answered: 'My pocketbook is getting mighty close together,
and I am needing a little loan from the government very
badly. Now, old pard, I want you to stand by me and catch
on.' He said this in such an earnest and pleading manner
that I could not refuse, so I gave him my hand and said,
'Bob, I am with you to the finish,' which instantly put an
elaborate smile all over his big, smooth face.
"Presently a fellow who considered absence of body better
than presence of mind and paramount to the sum of eight
hundred and seventy-five dollars bid that amount, and I 'bit,'
went up to the platform, and gave the name of James Fergu-
son, Zanesville, Ohio, and I received a card requesting me to
call at ten o'clock next day at Charles Moore's office on some
street that I do not remember.
"Next morning Bob and I were on hand at the appointed
time, and we found there all the other substitutes. We gave
our names, or rather the names we had selected. Bob was
Henry Myers, and I was James Ferguson. We were paid the
$800 and $875 respectively, gave receipts for same, and our
donors were given a clearing receipt from the draft, after
which they did not care a continental what became of us, of
the money, or of the Union. All the substitutes were then
turned over to a lieutenant and a squad of soldiers, whe
marched us out about four miles to Camp Morton, a stockade
covering about twenty acres, with a small creek running
through it. We reached there about four in the afternoon
and were as empty as a nail keg with both heads out. They
gave us a good dinner, and the standing of the Union army
was considerably advanced in our estimation.
"We were informed that we would have to remain in camp
there for several days to drill and to get our uniforms. Now,
as Bob and I were both averse to drilling and had money
enough to buy ourselves new suits, we would not unneces-
sarily put the government to the expense of buying us uni-
forms, especially as we were not accustomed to wearing those
of the regulation color (blue) and preferred to have gray
clothing. The substitutes were not put under guard like
prisoners, but had the freedom of the stockade just as the regu-
lar soldiers. There were about ten men to each large tent.
"About ten o'clock that night Bob was snoring to the best
of his ability (which was no mean quantity) when 1 quietly
kept elbowing him in the ribs until he finally abandoned his
musical engagement long enough to say: 'What are you
punching me for?' I whispered in his ear: 'Get up. you
galoot, and let us vacate this ranch ; I didn't come here to
spend the summer.' And out into the darkness and rain we
sneaked down through a ravine and out under the stockade
back to our hotel. Bob got one or two drinks on the way
(I never drank), and when we arrived at the hotel the night
clerk admitted us. He said : 'Where the devil and Tom
Walker have you fellows been in this rain, mud, and wind?'
We told him we had been out on a bum with some young city
fellows and that they had pickled us in good shape, whereupon
the clerk laughed heartily and remarked that it was one of
their favorite pastimes.
"We retired and about ten o'clock next morning had break-
fast served in our room, got lunch about four, and after dark
we took a local freight train out of Indianapolis. We went
about thirty miles on this freight and then got on a regular
passenger train for Louisville, Ky., where we were well dis-
guised, and remained two days. We stopped at the Gait
House and had a gay time in Louisville on our substitute
money. Bob went to St. Louis, and I went to Memphis and
then to Tupelo. Miss.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
397
"When I reached Memphis, Capt. Dan Able told me that
Mrs. Thomas L. Snead and her daughter were at his house
waiting for me to take them through the lines to Colonel
Snead. who was chief of staff for General Price. I got my
buggy and mule, and we left Memphis via the north road in
order to avoid suspicion, as I had the Missouri mail that had
been expressed from St Louis to Louisville (as noted), and
I also had the Kentucky mail. We drove out over thi-
eight miles through the country and got through the lines
all right. Having a lady and little girl with me often made
it difficult to obtain accommodations, as the country through
which we traveled was pretty well devastated by botl
"About July 24 we arrived at Tupelo. Miss, at General
Price's headquarters, The pleasure 1 experienced in uniting
this overjoyed pair (Colonel and Mrs. Snead) more thai
me for the trouble, anxiety, and responsibility T had under-
gone. Had Mrs. Snead and her daughter been captured, no
idling what calamity would have befallen them or me. 1
slept but little while taking them through the lines oi the
army. Colonel Snead was not expecting them, and when
they met they immediatel} clinched in a half-Nelson
and it was several minutes before a 'breakav ■■' could be ef
But who would not ' They had not seen each other
since bidding farewell in St. Louis in May, 1861, more than a
year before. General Little soon madi his appearam
n ulted They were former friends and
neighbors. 1 told General Little bow 1 bad visited his wife
and little girl the day I left St. Louis and how 1 bad (
his wife's consent to bring the little girl to see him. but G
era! Morrison, a retired army officer, his wife's i th<
fused at the last moment to permit the child to go ; of what
1 disappointment it was to Mrs. Little, to the littli
and tn me. The tears rolled down the General's face as he
said: 'O how 1 wish you had brought her!' lie was killed
Soon after."
./ FLORIDA STORY OF WAR TIMES.
BY It 0R1 NCI Ml i.rin ( 001 EY, JAI KSONV1LLE, FLA.
"The legislature of Florida met in regular session on the
26th of November, t8i M. S. Perry on the same day
addressed 1 messag to the two Houses, declaring h
ion that the election of Lincoln and Hamlin, viewed in >
tion with the circumstances that led to it. made the onlj hope
of the Southern Stales for domestic peace and safety, future
respectability, and prosperity dependent upon then- immediate
secession from the Union. A bill was at once introduced to
provide for calling a convention of tin people of the Stati
of Florida to be held on the 3d of January. t86i. The bill
passed both Houses unanimously. On the toth of January
the Ordinance ol Secession passed — sixty-two iu< and seven
noes. South Carolina bad seceded on the 20th of Decem-
ber, [860; but it was a very bold step for Florida,
in population and resources, to be among the first to p
Ordinance of Sect ssi< n with such great unanimity." 1 I it
banks's "I [istor - if i I01 i
M\ in. Mb. r says:
"I was then living on Adams Street, just wist of Pine (now
Mam 1 Street Dr. J. D. Mitchell, a family friend, came and
told me 1 must leave at once if 1 desired to hold cdmmunica
tion with my husband, as the Federal troops would be in the
city by four o'clock. My husband. Dr. Miles Jones Murphy,
could not come to me, although in the city, as he was in the
battalion of Confederate troops under Col. C. F. Hopkins.
about four hundred men, then under orders in Jacksonville.
He was first lieutenant of Company A, 1st Florida Regiment,
afterwards the loth Florida). Dr. Mitchell offered to help
me and packed one trunk while I packed another. 1 asked
him please to put in my red morocco Bible that lay on the
table, but he put in a red copy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost,'
and that was the onl] ved of my small select library.
All my household treasures, the dearly loved of a y. >ung
housekeeper, were left to the fate of war. With me were
Miss Belle Buddington (later Mrs. Redmond) and my little
son. The train was delayed, and we sat through the night in
a vacant house wailing for our loved ones, while almost over
our heads tb, Judson House, Jacksonville's large hotel, was
in flames. We went out from time to time to look at the
I our refuge, and near morning my husband and others
arrived to take us to a pi. ety. We journeyed by rail
then my husband took 1 'dark's and
left us in ptain Anderson, for-
merly .us we made our way to
Quincy, where 1 Albany, Ga.
of the children were ill on the way. among them my little
id this was my first experience away from his
and the medicine closet that every physician kept, for there
were
ng \lbatiy the coaches were stalled in
the water coming into the coaches. One of
them, .1 closed coach, careened, the women and ch
screamed, and we thought it would he UpSi passengers
1, but an n a near-by field came to the rescue.
The negro men that he brought took the ladies and children
to dry land, wading to their waists in water, for the streams
and lakes, or ponds, were up and over the roads in many
At last we reached the hotel in Albany. The great
kindness of the Andersons has been a lifelong remembrance
\ few years ago the two sisters of Captain Ander-
llled at my home in Jacksonville, and we talked over
trying days. Captain \ndcrson bad told them in his
at if ever they went to Florida to look up the wife
utenanl Murphy. Only deep (rials can cement such
friend;
" \t \lbaii\ we look a train to Jonesville, Ga.. to the planta-
I tn\ dear mother-in-law. whose home was ours as long
as we desired to remain. However, aft< r ten months, all secm-
ii : quiet in Florida, my hi ' a return to Jackson-
vhere he could see us at least part of the time, for the
with General Finnegan and was retained in
Florida for defense, th< Federal government having con-
ceived the plan of capturing the State for its lorn
i ks along the coast. This
sail n it value to the Confederacy, salt and quinine
I. the federal government knowing tin dan
ger to the South of the prohibition of these articles. Also.
Fairbanks Gen. Rufus Sax.«n had become 1
•t the idea that a great deal could be done by securing the
- s in Florida and arming them and proposed to reoccupy
nville and make it an asylum for negroes of Florida and
els, where and to enlist five thousand negroes for labor duty
and live thousand for military service.' Even in those early
days the salubrious climate of Florida had attracted many
permanent residents from Northern States, and the idea at
Washington was that there would be only a show of resistance
and capitulation, giving the Federals a strong foothold on
Southern soil. But those who conceived this idea had not
counted on the effect of climate and man's inherent sense of
39§
Qopfederat^ l/eterai)
justice, for most of the Northern settlers were in the Con-
federate service, and the invasion of Florida was a serious
disaster.
"All of this, however, was not known to the homesick
family, and back we came to Jacksonville. My household goods
had long since been 'adopted' from the deserted home, so I
look a furnished house. I had just moved in when an ex-
pedition of negro troops under Colonel Higginson was re-
ported as about to take possession of the city. General Fin-
negan closely surrounded the town, Colonel Hopkins's com-
mand and Company A being in the troop. My husband sent
me word to get out of Jacksonville at once and that Mrs.
Miles Price would take me to her country place. The gun-
boats were coining up the river, an occasional boom of cannon
terrifying the citizens, and I could wait no longer. Taking
my little son by the hand, I started out, joined other pedes-
trians, and was soon at the edge of the then small town at the
house of 'butcher Jones.' As I entered I found a party of
young men making and baking biscuits. They called to me :
'Come, Mrs. Murphy, and help us make biscuits.' I at once
entered into the plan, and, with guns booming in the distance.
we made and baked biscuits until the barrel of flour had been
used. The stove was hot, and the pans were rushed in and
taken out, for no one knew where the next food would come
from. As we finished Judge McClain drove up and called
for me. I had left messages en route, and he took me and my
little son to the Miles Price plantation. Fifteen minutes
after we left the Jones house a skirmish took place there
with a small party of Federals.
"The Prices were at that time very wealthy people. Their
splendid horses were taken from the stables by the Federals,
and about a year later Mrs. Price, her sister. Miss Brod-
nax, and the Price baby were murdered near the old city
cemetery by negro troops. For years after the war children
gazed with awe at the pine tree at the side of the road be-
fore the bridge is crossed on Liberty Street, as the little
baby had been taken by the heels and its head dashed against
the tree.
"My husband came to me at last, and we drove to White
House, thence to Dr. Smoke's plantation, in Columbia County,
where we were left. After some time I was beset to take a
school, as I had the honor of being a seminary graduate, quite
a notable thing at that time. T had graduated at Walnut Hill
Seminary, near Lexington, Latin and mathematics being my
specialties. A Bullock and a Breckinridge were the masters
at Walnut Hill. Most of the schools had been kept by men,
but the war had taken all the men. I was so nearly distraught
at the breaking up of my home and over the uncertainty of
war that I was glad to have something to keep me busy. I
was also postmistress at Providence, in Columbia County.
This meant no compensation, just the sad, sad duty of saying
to the footsore wives and mothers who walked miles and miles
"for a chance letter, 'Nothing to-day,' or the pleasure of see-
ing joy lighten their faces if I could say, 'Yes, here is a let-
ter.'
"The patrons of the school sent to me products from their
gardens as compensation ; and as I was a refugee, having only
a garden made by labor hired from near-by plantations, I
found the fowls, eggs, meat, etc., very acceptable. One
wealthy woman, whose children were so woefully ignorant
that I hesitated to accept them, signed a contract to pay me in
gold if I would take the two girls and give them extra time
and care. She realized their necessity, but repudiated the
debt when the surrender came, claiming that all debts were
wiped out.
"'Peter the Prophet,' as he was called, the son of old 'Mi mi
Clarissa,' of the Hendricks Plantation in Clay County, had
some years before foretold all that would befall in the war.
This 'second sight,' as it was called, in some of the older
negroes was very amazing, and so far science has offered no
explanation. The little negroes in the country used to sit
on the rail fences and chant :
" 'O Mr. Gunboat, O Mr. Gunboat, O Mr. Gunboat.
Crime an' take me. come an' take me tuh de Yankees.'
And then the refrain would begin all over again.
"To those who have never thought that Florida was in
the war this little story and the fact that Florida enlisted
more men than she had registered voters, so many boys en-
listing, will give enlightening information. The battle of
Olustee. the many skirmishes on the Gulf Coast and at
Palatka. Gainesville, and in West Florida show that Florida
did valiant service even before General Finnegan was or-
dered to Virginia for the lighting around Richmond. No bet-
ter wink was done in the war than the beating back of the
large force that endeavored to get a foothold in Florida and
that from time to time shelled and destroyed the salt works
on the Florida Coast.
"The fearful days following the close of the war, the abso-
lute hunting for food in a territory laid waste and devastated,
the terror for my husband, as Washington had not decided
what to do with the commissioned officers — all would make
another story even more serious than this. We are very proud
of the following records, the unanimous vole of the legisla-
ture on secession, and the subsequent election of my husband
to the legislature while on the field of battle:
" 'Tallahassee, March 23, 1908.
"'Mrs. Maria C. Murphy: I find in the proceedings of the
legislature of i860 that your husband was a member of the
legislature and that on the 29th of November, under "orders
of the day." in the House of Representatives Senate bill, a
bill tn be entitled "an act to provide for the convention of the
people of the State of Florida — which was the secession con-
vention— was passed by the following vote: Yeas, Mr. Speak-
er, Messrs. Bellamy, Bird, Bissell, Blount, Broxson, Canova,
Campbell, Carter, Clyatt, Coffee, Collins, Cole, Dansby, Had-
dock, Hawes, Holland (of Franklin), Holland (of Hernando),
Howell, Holoman, Lee. Love, Mays, McCormick, McKinnon,
Means, Mickler, Mizell, Murphy, Newbern, Oliver, Parker,
Pooser, Price, Richardson, Robinson, Russell, Scott, Stewart,
Vansant, Vogt, Wells, Williams, Wilkinson, Yates, Yon — 45;
nays, none.
"'Very respectfully. H. Clay Crawford,
Secretary of State.'
'"Adjutant General's Office, War Department,
Washington. February 18, 1908.
"''Mrs. Maria C. Murphy: The records show that Miles J.
Murphy, first lieutenant of Company A, 10th Florida Infantry,
was mustered in of date September 28, 1861. * * * The
records also show that this officer was elected to the legisla-
ture from the County of Clay, State of Florida. The certifi-
cate of the clerk of the court testifying to this election is
dated November 9. 1864.
F. C. Ainsworth, Adjutant General.'"
Qoi}federat^ l/eterar).
399
FIRST TO RE-EX LIST FOR THE WAR.
BY JUDGE L. B. m'fARLAND, MEMPHIS, TENN.
The Confederate Veteran is doing great service. It not
only gives pleasure to the Veterans themselves and the Sons
and their families, brightening many a home, but it is also the
repository of valuable historic material that is being and will
be woven into permanent history, correcting error, establish-
ing truth, perpetuating individual worth and national honor
as exemplified by the South. This we regard as the Veteh \n's
broad field of labor and noble work. Its active spirit is and
has been its love of the South, and this is the vital soul that
perpetuates its existence. We feel that there is a correspond-
ing duty upon every participant in the stirring days of '61
and '65 to contribute each his wealth or mite of facts, aiding
in the establishment of the truths of history. If the rivulets
run not to the river and the river to the ocean, then woe to
the world !
This prelude, together with the sense of duty to my com-
rades of my old regiment, is my apology for asking leave to
print the following:
The question of which regiment of the \rniy of Tennessee
was the first to reenlist for the war has been much discussed
One general order was issued by General Johnston, and a
number of articles line heretofore appeared in the Y
on this subject; but so far no mention has been made in the
Veteran of the regiment and brigade to which I belonged or
its claim to the honor of being the first to actually reenlist.
On the isl of March. [864, lion Ben 11. Hill mil
speech yivine. credit to P.ates's Brigade as being the first to
reenlist. On January 1. [864, Gen Joseph E. Johnston pro-
mulgated the following order :
"I have received official notice that Strain's Brigade, \rm\
of Tennessee, has followed the example of Vaughn's and re-
enlisted for the war and that this movement was started by
the 154th Tennessee Regiment, of the latter brigade, which
has the honor of inaugurating this plan." ("Official Records."
Confederate Veteran, July, 1916. page 291.)
There appears in the VETERAN of \pril, 1902. on page
171. an article on this subject from Col. William D. Pickett,
a noble, gallant officer, still living, attached at the time to the
staff of General Hardee, to whose corps General Cheatham's
division, in which the movement is agreed to have started, is
assigned. He says: "My distinct recollection is that this
movement was started in Vaughn's Tennessee Brigade, of
Cheatham's Division, Hardee's Corps. If it started by regi-
ments, it commenced in the consolidated 154th Tennessee and
the 4th Tennessee."
Now, the purpose of this article is not to question the cor-
rectness of the facts as stated in General Johnston's order
nor the recollection of Colonel Tickett, as quoted above, that
the movement was started by the 154th Tennessee Regiment
Vaughn's Brigade, and its example was followed by Strahl's
Brigade. But the purpose of this article is to claim for the
6th and oth Tennessee Infantry. Cheatham's Division, the
credit of being the first to actually reenlist. Colonel Pickett
further adds in this article ; "There should be no difficulty
at getting at the facts of this matter, as there must be mam
officers and soldiers of Cheatham's Division still living who
are cognizant of the facts." He also adds: "This matter
should be thoroughly ventilated, now that it is up, which is
my excuse for going so much into detail. Certainly no event
in her history confers higher honor under all the circum-
stances upon Tennessee and Tennessee troops. There should
be erected in the Capitol grounds at Nashville a monument
dedicated to Tennessee valor, and inscribed on it should
be a copy of the first resolution passed for reenlistment and
below it the names of the Tennessee commands that adopted
it in regular order."
Colonel Pickett in the same article suggests as a means of
best determining this question the evidence of officers and
soldiers of General Cheatham's division cognizant of the facts
and by reference to the newspapers of that period, mention-
ing the Appeal. I concur in this suggestion of Colone'
Pickett's and add that universal experience accepts contem-
porary statements as the best evidence for the establishment
of truth.
To bring the evidence 1 now submit within these sugges-
tions and under these recognized rules of evidence. I state
that I was an officer in the 9th Tennessee Infantry, was made
sergeant major of my regiment at Shiloh, and was subsequently
made lieutenant of the company and acted as aid on General
Mancy's staff with our brigade during the period of re-
enlistment. Sometimes I wrote articles about current army
happenings under my then Byronic non <'<• phone "Comrade."
and the article I quote below was published at the time in the
Appeal, a copy of which was cut out and carried in my knap
sack during the remainder of the war. I have it now in mj
SCrapbook, and the following is copied therefrom:
A Correction.
"DaltON, <', v. March 22, [864.
"Editors Appeal: In your report to-day of the speech of
the Hon. B. H. Hill delivered at LaGrange, Ga., on the
tst of March the following passage occurs: 'Noble Tennessee,
foremost among the brave — Bates's Brigade.' Now, while I
appreciate the compliment paid to Tennessee and her sons.
while I welcome it as indicative of the feeling of kindness
which Georgians exercise toward our homeless wanderers,
and while T do not wish to appear as criticizing any part of
the noble Senator's speech or his information upon this sub-
ject of reenlistment. still I do wish to see an erroneous
opinion, now widespread, corrected — that is, that Bates's Bri-
gade was the foremost of Tennessecans to reenlist.
"The facts of the case are these, as will be shown by ref-
erence to the back numbers of the Appeal : Bates's Brigade
was not the first to reenlist. The 154th Tennessee, of
Vaughn's Brigade, claims that distinguished honor and with
considerable justice too, as this was the first to receive the
thanks of our Congress for so doing. Yet even they were not
the first to reenlist. That honor is claimed by the 6th and
oth Tennessee Regiments of Maney's Brigade. It is true that
a week anterior to the actual reenlistment of the 6th and 9th
the 154th unanimously passed resolutions declaring their
willingness to serve through the war, yet they did not so
obligate themselves in a manner to be considered binding.
This the 6th and 9th did by marching almost en masse
to the colonel's quarters, unattended bj a single officer, and
demanding to be mustered in for the war, which was done.
"This act of patriotism so timely begun by the 154th and so
happily executed by the 6th and 9th Tennessee aroused at
once that spirit of generous rivalry which has ever charac-
terized the brigades of Cheatham's Division, and they hastened
to declare by regiments their determination of eternal re-
sistance. * * * These are facts substantiated by the reso-
lutions passed by the different regiments and published in the
Appeal at the time."
This article by me appears now in the files of the Appeal,
which I have examined under date of March 25, 1864.
400
Qoi>federat^ Veteraij.
Again, Prof. H. C. Irby, now living at Jackson, Tenn., and
for years prominent in the faculty of West Tennessee Uni-
versity, was captain of Company D, 6th and 9th Tennessee
Regiment consolidated. He was dangerously wounded at
Perryville in the charge of his regiment on the battery at
Jackson, which we took and the guns of which did noble
service under Captain Turner until the end of the war. In
a sketch prepared by him of the 9th Tennessee Infantry for
"Lindsley's Military Annals," published in 1886, will be found,
page 278, the following: "During the time we were in winter
quarters at Dalton an event occurred which justly gives to
Tennessee a new right to be called the 'Volunteer State.'
The time for which most of the troops had been enlisted
would soon expire. The question was much discussed, 'What
shall be done to prevent a depletion of the army?' The 'Gor-
dian knot' was cut by an action of the consolidated 6th and 9th
Regiments, led by Company A, of the 6th. Every man volun-
teered to reenlist. This example was at once followed by
other regiments, until the whole army was 'in for the war.' "
Fortunately, Col. George C. Porter, then colonel of the
regiment, and Maj. J. A. Wilder, then major, and both at
Dalton, Ga.. both gallant officers and well known, are still
alive, and to them I have submitted the foregoing, and they
both concur fully in the facts as given. Colonel Porter, in
addition, calls my attention to the fact that subsequent to
Colonel Pickett's article in the Veteran, quoted above, in a
sketch of General Hardee, now in the Tennessee Historical
Association, he (Colonel Pickett) credits Company A, 6th
Tennessee, with starting this movement and files as an ap-
pendix to this sketch a statement from E. M. Seymour, or-
derly sergeant of this company, well known to me as one of
the bravest soldiers and best of men, giving the facts as to
actual reenlistment substantially as set out in the foregoing.
In order to verify the correctness of my statement above,
and adopting the suggestion of Colonel Pickett, I have ex-
amined the files of the Appeal from December, 1893, to April,
1894, and find the following: "In the Appeal of January 18,
1864, appears an article from Col. M. Magevney, colonel of
the 154th Tennessee, sending resolutions passed by his regi-
ment on the 14th of January, saying: 'We are prepared to
concur in any legislation that Congress may devise for the
better organization of the army. * * * And that we tender
our services to the country as long as its exigencies need
them.' "
In the issue of January 20, 1864, appear resolutions as
passed on the 15th of January by Strahl's Brigade, to the same
effect as those of the 154th Regiment, "tendering our services."
This issue also shows that the 13th Tennessee passed similar
resolutions on the same date. In the issue of January 28
appears an article from a correspondent, signed "Old Aven,"
which says : "While at Dalton on the 22d of January I visited
the 6th and 9th Tennessee Regiment, and w:hile there the
regiment marched to the colonel's headquarters and notified
this officer that they were ready to enlist. . . While
other regiments, in common with this, have expressed
an intention in the form of resolutions of tendering their
services to the government until peace shall have been
declared, the meed of praise is justly due to this regi-
ment for being the first to renew again upon the altar of
their country their determination to be free." This writer,
name unknown, further described in detail the actual cere-
mony of reenlistment. It was Sunday evening. The com-
panies came in succession and there in the moonlight bared
and bowed their heads and were sworn bv the colonel to serve
until peace was attained, thus making the solemn scene of
this holy day a religious ceremony.
The writer further says the first company that was sworn
in was Company A, Capt. R. C. Williamson, and the second
Company D, Capt. J. B. Locke. Company A was composed,
as consolidated, of two companies from the 6th Tennessee,
and Company D was composed of Company A, of which I
was an officer, and Company D of the 9th Tennessee. In this
issue of the 27th of January an editorial notices this re-
enlistment of the 6th and 9th Tennessee "without resolutions"
and says : "These regiments were the first brigade under Briga-
dier General (now Major General) Cheatham and have shared
whatever glory that may attach to his in the above career.
They are composed of West Tennesseeans exclusively and
are commanded by Col. George C. Porter, than whom a more
gallant and efficient officer is rarely found."
I submit the foregoing evidence of living participants and un-
contradicted contemporary statements to be conclusive of what
regiment of the Western Army was "the first to reenlist."
CONFEDERATE MONUMENT AT EASTON, MD.
Erected to the memory of the soldiers of Talbot County
through the special efforts of a committee composed of Joseph
B. Seth, Col. Oswald Tilghman. John H. K. Shannahan. William
B. Lowe, L. G. Dawson, and Henry Hollyday, Treasurer. The
statue is of marble and bronze and represents the indomitable
courage of youth as suggested by Longfellow's poem, "Excelsior."
Qopfederat^ 1/eterar?.
401
THE BLACK SHADOW OF THE SIXTIES.
BY FINLEY P. CURTIS, JR., BUTLER, TENN.
(Continued from August number.)
At dawn of Sunday, May 3, the battle recommenced in
earnest. The Federal army had intrenched itself during the
night in and around Chancellorsville ; and, to our great de-
light, Confederate artillery had arrived upon the waiting
scene. It was a tense moment — nerves and muscles taut,
hearts pounding wildly, guns loaded, yet no thought of
death or fear — waiting impatiently for orders.
We moved forward. Our small command dropped for a
moment behind a little hill; then, at the order "Charge!" we
leaped to our feet and with a loud yell rushed toward the
Federal trenches. Memory paints with these words and
thoughts a perfect, a vivid, ineradicable picture of the terri-
ble battle of Chancellorsville. That charge is seared upon
my brain — our thin scattered line rushing heedlessly into the
jaws of death; the sharp, ceaseless staccato bark of a thou-
sand rilles intermingled with the deep reverberating boom
of cannon; the sibilant hiss of hail-dense flying lead; the ter-
rible shrieks of bursting shells loosed from smoke-belching
hells ; the soul-nauseating impact of lead on flesh ; the last
dying farewell cries; the silent fall of men and horses; then
the wild shout of victory as the dauntless decimated ranks
leaped over into the trenches and routed the enemy- all rise
vividly before me. T leaned for support against the captured
breastworks, mental activity suspended, dizzy with exi
gasping for breath, saturated with perspiration, black from
biting cartridges, and stained with powder smoke, looking
blankly around me. A molten hail of lead hissed like pronged
serpents' fangs about my ears, sang and hissed like maddened
demons, rent the air. perforated the earthen mound, and tilled
the dead bodies everywhere strewn. I marveled that I stood
011 hostile ground alive in the midst of a death hurricane so
withering, seeing, as in a dream, hundreds of collapsing
forms. A spent ounce ball caught the concave palm of my
upraised loading hand, faintly stinging. For a moment I
held it thus, thinking nothing, then purposelessly thn » il
down. Again ami .main 1 wished 1 had kept it. It is strange
that' I caught a bullet in my hand, but true. Suddenly, al-
most imperceptibly, a bullet (or was it only a twig?) brushed
my neck; another pierced my shouldei : another, severing my
coat sleeve, seated my arm. They had found me at
thi hissing reptile tongues, and sought to devour me. My
knapsack slipped silently to the ground. The Testament at
my side followed simultaneously. But no pain tortured me.
Where was my conscious mind? I could not think. Even
i io .unison stream of blood spouting painlessly from my
5 from the severed jugular of a hog — even that did
neither frighten nor interest me. 1 grew sleepy; but 1 must
not sleep! All my will could not resist its soothing influ-
ence, and 1 sank gently down on my face. Night fell. I
knew no more.
1 was awakened afterwards by the near rattle of
1\ 1 opened my eyes. Our own-men came
charging and firing at the fleeing enemy. 1 attempted to
'.ni some heavj something forbade me, Mechanically I
unbuttoned my shirt; and an eight- "i ten-pound mass of
congealed blood — my blood — as large as a gallon bucket.
1..11.. I .mi upon the .mound. I staggered weakly to my feet
and leaned heavily on the breastworks for support. Dead
li; .111.I wounded, with exes closed .is in death,
rested against trees, it was a horrible sight. Finally, having
ength, I began my tottering walk to
9**
the rear. I spoke to several of my stricken comrades, but
the finger of death had ceased their speech. Weak and ex-
hausted from the exertion, I reached the field hospital at
last, and the ball was extracted from my shoulder. I cherish
the bullet as a memento of memorable Chancellorsville.
noved to Chimborazo Hospital, in Richmond, where
for a month I lay among hideous scenes of sick, wounded,
me to take me home, but not
until I was safe from relapse would the physicians allow me
to depart. IThej feared that the exposed neck vein would
inflame aid burst. However, the wound healed rapidly, and
it harvest tune. But I was by no means
for out in the iield under the hot sun my neck began to
and burn. It grew hot, and on the next day the wound
inflamed and reopened. The doctors pronounced me once
mor< I'ictim of typhoid fever and warned me to keep my
Led until tl id passed.
as usual, ministered unto by my family and the
I recovered quickly, Twice now had I been
in tin I 1 this disease; but each time I had happily
come forth free from any baleful mark of its ravages, free
from its fearful aftermath.
reluctantly of course, near the 18th of Sep-
. I 'oun. 1 my regiment encamped on the banks of the
Rappahannock, fewer in number now. With sad heart I
felt the keenly conscious absence of my lifelong friends
whom the fatal Chancellorsville had claimed for death. One
hundred and twenty brave sons "i North Carolina — Company
B, of the 1st North Carolina Regiment — charged fearlessly,
amid a storm of leaden hail, those Federal trenches at Chan-
cellorsville on Sunday morning, May 3; and only thirteen,
alive but woum tusted, powder-stained, smoke-black-
ened, returned. 1 was one of the thirteen! Is it strange,
I that 1 felt the wide absent panel?
After a rest of two wieks we were off to Brandy Station
One day in November, while marching
l.ng the familiar old pike near Bristow Station, five
or six hidden picket ritles rang out a warning. "Halt!" was
tin loud, clear command. "Front face! Load!" We obeyed
like a perfect machine. Our musket butts roared like musical
thunder on the compact pike. Colonel Brown shouted with
tittering tongue: "A-a-a-a-a — pst — pst — pst — a-a-a — for-
ward, Company A!" he sp it last. Company A stood
like statues. Not a move did they make. Colonel 1
wheeled in • fury upon his own company (B, to
which I on delivered his "A-a-a-a-a — damn
■ — a-a-a — danmit — pst— 1^1 pst a .1 Forward, Company B !"
tnmand Without hesitance or murmur or
fear, we parted from the line and followed our leader, my
brother Larkin.
The pickets wi Is, hidden behind trees, an
we advanced toward them the man at my side fell wounded.
Thrice, coolly, deliberately, I tired, as if shooting at a lifeless
arm oi .1 hidden picket At
the third shot he lied from his sin Iter, and as we pursued
them hotly through the woods I noticed a "particular" tree
thrice 1 "particular" an
shown. Sui ny across a two-hun-
broom sedj 1 wdiole line of battle,
apparently from nowhere, tired a volley directly at us.
Not a man they touched I The storm of lead swept scream-
t>ove our heads: whereupon we retreated
iid fell behind the fence we had
i. waiting for the main body to join us.
402
^oi)federat<^ l/eterai).
The entire line now moved forward ; and as we leaped upon
the fence Linville YVilburn, who was ever by my side, a fine
young soldier, held up his hand to me and said calmly :
"Good-by; I am killed." A Minie ball had pierced his neck;
and he died as only a brave man can, nobly, not murmuring.
Sadly I left him, my friend ; but his tragic death dwelt in
my mind throughout the battle.
When half across the field the enemy again rose and deliv-
ered another volley of lead, and again it swept harmlessly
overhead. Surely they were blind or else unused to rifles.
The tube flew out of my gun and gashed my finger. I cast
it from me and drew another from under a dead Yankee,
but I found it filled almost to the muzzle with unfired
charges. He had loaded and reloaded rapidly, but had not
fired a shot. And there unconsciously I stood, a target for
a thousand rifles, unarmed in a whistling leaden hail. It is
strange that the soldier does not fear death. Night ended
the conflict with a great victory for us and very few of our
men killed. We captured a number of prisoners, guns, cook-
ing utensils, ammunition, etc.. But since all victories are
dearly bought, this was for me, at least, for it cost the life
of my friend Linville Wilburn.
My lacerated trigger finger forbade the use of a rifle, and
until near the close of the war I belonged to a band. I was
not, however, by assuming another duty, relieved from service
or removed from the peril of battle, for war offers no partial
safety.
In January, 1864, we went into winter quarters near the
Rappahannock River. Still true to religious instinct, we
erected a chapel and enjoyed regular devotional exercises
by our faithful chaplain, Rev. W. R. Gaultney. Duty to
God must ever be first and dominant. Though it was an
uncommonly severe winter, cold and tempestuous, which
seemingly would forbid all military activity, yet constant
guard was required along the river. My time when not on
duty was given to my cornet and to the pursuit of "domestic
science," cooking rations.
Mild spring brought general military activity. Armies
were gathering and intrenching themselves around Spottsyl-
vania Courthouse, following the iron finger of predetermining
Mars. About the 5th of May we marched toward Spottsyl-
vania over the historic battle ground of Chancellorsville,
whose scenes and memories — horror and death, the roar of
hostile cannons and dying cries, the tornadic storm of
hissing bullets and crimson pools of spilled blood, the spot
of my nearly fatal catastrophe — all reappearing most vividly,
age will not erase. Skirmishing with and repulsing the enemy
constantly, we reached the Courthouse on the 9th. Would
war vaunt himself in the very presence of law and order?
Grant, leaving his recent eighteen thousand slain and Lee
his nine thousand, both were here intrenched to end the
sequel to the bloody carnage of the Wilderness, whose horrors
are indescribable. Would the conclusion be as tragic as the
introduction?
On the evening of the loth the Federals charged our breast-
works and, despite our firm resistance, penetrated the line
and captured a part of my division, Ewell's Corps, then under
the command of Johnston. In turn, being strengthened by
timely arrival of reinforcements, we drove them back with
great slaughter. We were thus doubly fortified ; and their
repeated assaults availed them naught — naught but death.
On the 12th the climacteric battle raged fiercely far into the
night at the famous "Bloody Angle" — the terrible repetition
of heroic Federal assault and the bloody repulse by ceaseless
Confederate fire ; strategy thwarted by more strategical strat-
egy ; daring matched by daring; and thus the slaughter con-
tinued. Lee's iron troops had not yielded an inch and did
not yield, though under a continual withering fire until the
20th. And finally, on the night of May 20th, Grant left his
nineteen thousand dead and moved toward Richmond. Was '
the sequel more tragic than the introductory?
Brother Larkin and my friend Fate Hemphill fell in this
awful massacre. Before the great burial, R. A. Spainhour
and I went over the lines; and, as if on crossties, we could
have walked for miles on dead, mangled bodies. It was a
scene to sicken the blackest soul. Only the soldier in arms
could know of its terrible reality, and he with only a hint
of horror. Huge oak trees swayed and tottered under the
ceaseless hurricane of hostile Minie balls. The hand of Death
was everywhere ! Mingled with the hosts of dead I found
and marked the grave of my brother, who had been wrapped
in his blanket and shallowly interred. And here, over the
untimely grave of him who was dearer to me than life, here
amid the scenes of death and suffering, I saw and felt the real
hideousness of war, for it had irretrievably robbed me of my
brother.
Then came June, with extreme heat and dryness, with deep,
loose road dust I was detailed to help cook rations and
carry water to the soldiers in line of battle. Little fighting
occurred at the front. On the 18th we journeyed in the direc-
tion of Charlottesville. The intense heat and choking dust
were almost unendurable, and hundreds of soldiers fell by the
wayside sun-struck. On our march through the city the kind
ladies gave us plenty of soap and tobacco. To me soap was a .
precious and much-needed article. Arriving at North Gon-
der's Station, we boarded the train for Lynchburg to inter-
cept Hunter's cavalry, which had been committing unlawful
depredations throughout the surrounding country. Hunter
had robbed every house, besprinkled the earth with disgorged
feather bed cases, ravaged every bee stand, stole herds of
sheep and cattle, leaving dead carcasses and devastation be-
hind. We pursued hotly to avenge his outrageous rapine,
capturing many of his soldiers and several pieces of artillery,
burned about thirty wagons, and chased him relentlessly across
the Cumberland Mountains into Kahnoy Valley.
After the pursuit of Hunter, in returning through Lex-
ington, whose citizens graciously welcomed us, we visited
the grave of the beloved Stonewall Jackson. Again, ere we
reached Staunton, hundreds of soldiers succumbed to the
burning heat and flying dust The cruelty of June equaled
the suffering of December.
For two long, weary months Lee's worn, half-naked, half-
starved army had held by sheer necessity both Richmond and
Petersburg against the overpowering number of Grant. But,
knowing that the vast Federal forces would soon overwhelm
him, he sent General Early with ten thousand men to menace
Washington, to lure Grant from Richmond. Accordingly, on
the 1st of July, Early with his army of ten thousand men
(of whom I was one), leaving Lynchburg, moved over moun-
tains, down valleys, and through Staunton, driving several
thousand of the enemy into their defenses and fighting fiercely
around Harper's Ferry. We waded the Potomac River and
on the 9th defeated a Federal army at Monocacy Bridge,
killing and capturing a large number. Repulsing the enemy
near Frederick City, we left Maryland and camped on the
nth within a mile of the fortified capital. Our sudden ap-
pearance at the citadel of the North occasioned widespread
terror. Flags were furled, the militia was called forth, and
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
403
there were cries for safety and whispered rumors of defeat.
All caused the greatest excitement. Our army was exagger-
ated to number from twenty thousand to thirty thousand men.
Anxiously we awaited orders to storm the capital, but such
orders did not come. General Early, seeing that we were too
weak and few in number to attempt such an impossible feat,
began, to the great delight of the North, the weary tramp
back to Virginia. We had obeyed orders, effected the ruse,
and aroused the entire nation. I fell sick on the return and
was compelled to ride in an ambulance. During the march
to Winchester we skirmished constantly with the enemy,
always routing them. Thus ended the hot, dry month of
July, a month of unrest.
The advent of August brought light showers, settling the
dust and cooling the air. On the 4th we marched through
Williamsport to Boonesboro, where we enjoyed a refreshing
rain ; thence to Bunker Hill, where we camped for a few
days and received some greatly needed clothing; and on
through Winchester to Strasburg, followed closely by Federal
cavalry, with which we skirmished constantly. Here we built
fortifications and formed a line of battle. The Federal cav-
alry assaulted our position, but were repulsed. Whence on
the 23d, still skirmishing, we removed to Bunker Hill and
Smithfield, and thence to Winchester.
Being still sick, I was sent to the hospital at Staunton,
examined, and ordered to Charlottesville. I was destitute of
money and could not eat of the luscious pies and cakes every-
where on sale — again the irony of war! I was then trans-
ported to the hospital at Lynchburg, a rendezvous filled with
sick, convalescent, and dying. Though many were allowed
to visit their homes, I did not receive permission to leave
until the 2d of August, and then for only forty days. En
route for Wilkesboro I stopped for a short time in Richmond
to see my brother Judson, who, having been disabled by a ball
at Malvern Hill, was now steward in Camp Winder Hospital.
Thence I traveled to Salisbury by train, where I stopped for
treatment, and arrived at home on the 26th, gladly but unex-
pectedly, since at that time a furlough was rarely procured.
While at home I recovered from my illness so rapidly
that on the last of November I was able to help father grind
his cane and make molasses. The home guard was unusually
active during this month pursuing "bushwhackers" and ex-
pelling obnoxious bands of marauders from the country.
This was highly necessary to the safety of unprotected homes,
since vandalism, rapine, and outrage followed swiftly in the
wake of departing soldiers. I accompanied the guard three
or four times on their hunts for marauders, but they eluded us.
Full too fleetly did my allotted time at home speed by, and
it was with deep regret that on the 1st of December 1 again
returned to war. I had tasted sufficiently of war, and now I
longed for peace, Alas! v>-ould I live to quaff the draught?
I found the army in winter quarters near Richmond. And
this memorable winter of 1864-65, venting its wrath in icy
blasts and howling blizzards, spilling deep snow and con-
gealing the atmosphere — ah ! it will be forever memorable to
those hungry and almost naked Confederates whose anxmic
blood it sought to freeze in their very veins, whose enervated
bodies it lashed with furious gales! It was a reign of help-
less misery — thirty-live thousand emaciated, chilled, and worn
Confederates defending thirty-seven miles of widely scattered
trenches against one hundred and twenty thousand well-fed,
well-clothed Federals. Food, water, and fuel were almost un-
available. Ceaseless vigilance, constant assault and sally dimin-
ished our number; but we bore it all with soldiers' grace.
Near the close of February, 1865, I accompanied my father
to Spottsylvania Courthouse to exhume the remains of brother
Larkin and remove them to his native soil. But father was
so sick that we were unable to proceed farther than Dr.
Bowler's house, and with him we passed the night. I have
never seen a more kindly and sincerely sympathetic old gentle-
man than Dr. Bowler, treating freely, as he did, my father's
illness and spontaneously offering us his service, for which I
shall always gratefully remember him.
On the next day the good old Doctor took the coffin from
the station to the grave ; and when we had placed brother
Larkin therein, he revealed further kindness by transporting
it thence to the depot. I tried to persuade father to remain
until recovery in the Doctor's care; but persuasion was use-
less, and. with much reluctance, we departed for Richmond,
where, though he was still sick and scarcely able to travel, I
bade him farewell. Arriving home, he succumbed to brain
fever, which confined him to bed until after the great war.
It was at Dr. Bowler's house, near Guinea Station, that I
saw the famous tree felled by the constant storm of bullets at
the terrific battle of Spottsylvania, of the fall of which B. W.
Crouch, of Denny, S. C, w-rote in the Veteran for Septeml>er,
1896, Volume IV. The tree was about eight feet long; sixteen
or eighteen inches in diameter, and occupied a corner of the
room. It would be interesting to trace its history.
Lee's small army was constantly diminishing, while Grant's
was gradually increasing. Suspense and suffering were in-
tensified. Obviously the long tension must relax, for sheer
Southern will could not endure overpowering numbers. We
lay in the cold trenches around Petersburg, repulsing, firing,
ever vigilant, waiting, each combatant, to move. The monot-
ony of day was suddenly interrupted by the frequent spas-
modic staccato bark of rifles, and any exposed form of life
disappeared with a groan behind the breastworks. A hat
raised on a ramrod was instantly perforated with bullets.
No man could stand and live. Night brought no sleep. The
frightfully grand pyrotechnical exhibition of death dimmed
moon and stars. Sky and earth roared with the mighty
explosion of shells which, descending, dug yawning pits in
the ground. There was no safety under that falling death,
and he who survived will never forget.
On the 2d of April the long tension snapped. General Lee
saw that to remain longer in the two cities, Richmond and
Petersburg, would be a mad impossibility, and so on the same
day he evacuated his position. But our departure created
great terror and left deep marks of revenge. The citizens
fled, fear-stricken, elsewhere for safety; the widely disordered
city was plundered ; bridges, private homes, and immense
warehouses were burned ; horror and misery were predomi-
nant. .The "Yankees" should find destroyed cities for biv-
ouacs !
Though in April, the day was cold, and our half-clad
bodies suffered from the down-pouring, chilly, rain-mingled
sleet. Icicles four or five inches long hung around my hat
brim. All day, very slowly, dogged persistently by the enemy,
we marched northward through the frigid rain. Night fell ;
and, hungry and weak from the loss of sleep, we almost froze
to death ere we could build fires. Federal picket camp fires
burned brightly in view, but no attack was attempted. We
felt the proximity of hopeless defeat. Day and night, without
rest, we continued our seemingly fruitless march, weakening,
growing disheartened. On the 6th we formed a line of battle
near Amelia Courthouse and made a last brave stand. But
it was useless. Slowly, surely we were forced back, over-
404
^oi}federat^ l/eterai).
powered by a superior number. The preying hawk was about
to descend upon the helpless quarry. On the wearisome
retreat I served in the rear guard; and. being constantly
engaged in repulsing Federal cavalry, we were left three or
four hundred yards behind the chief body of the army. I
was the extreme right-hand man of, and separated from, the
rear guard; and as I passed through a little ravine a squad
of Federals, dashing between us, surrounded me. Resistance
was useless. I threw down my gun and sat upon it, surren-
dering resignedly. But one of the cowardly dastards, base
and devoid of humanitarian principle, halted within ten feet
of me, raised his rifle to his shoulder, and drew steady bead
on my forehead. I thought nothing. Consciousness had
lapsed into apathetic blankness ; or was I, perhaps, in that
breathless instant reliving my entire existence and incogni-
zant of its unified reproduction? Fascinated, without the
slightest sensation of fear, without the tremor of an eyelid,
I looked into the deadly gleaming barrel, awaiting death. But
death came not. The hammer fell on a useless cap. Whip-
ping out his shining sword, an officer strode angrily to my
would-be murderer and exclaimed wrathfully: "D — you! If
you ever do that cowardly trick again, fll cut your d — d head
'smack' smooth off !"
Almost asleep on foot and nearly exhausted, I was hustled
back the way we came and sent to Point Lookout a prisoner.
Point Lookout Prison was a large triangular body of low-
land formed by the junction of the Chesapeake Bay and Po-
tomac River and was inclosed by a high, broad plank wall.
An armed negro guard paced to and fro around the top,
guarding the prisoners within. A large gate opened out on
the bay, and the prisoners were permitted to go out upon the
beach. But they were never relieved from the ceaseless vigi-
lance of the armed guard. Many times have I wandered along
the shore seeking small wave-cast fragments of wood refuse
to warm my cold, and not infrequently unpalatable, rations.
The large carceral inclosure was roughly surveyed like a
small town, in the center of which stood an uncouth wooden
structure misappropriately called the dining hall. Parallel
streets ran southeast and northwest, northeast and southwest,
along which, being slightly elevated in the middle and de-
pressed on the external edges as drains, a line of tents served
as the captives' shelter. We were thus protected somewhat
from the dankness of the low-lying land by having our tents
so erected. However, the prison wall was loosely constructed;
and on one occasion a heavy neap tide from the bay covered
the entire prison grounds for a space of twenty-four hours,
so thoroughly saturating the earth with the evil-odorous salt
sea water that our tents, blankets, and clothing became soaked
with it from mere absorption. As a result of being thus
exposed, many of the prisoners succumbed. The sea-level
location was unsanitary.
Point Lookout Prison was not furnished with a modern
steam laundry, hence we were graciously allowed to cleanse
our prison apparel in the copious bay. One day while I was
washing my shirt, or, more correctly, scrubbing and bruising
my wrists in an awkward effort to wash it, a man, then to me
a stranger, who stood silently near watching with just con-
tempt my unaccustomed performance of the "washerwoman's"
duty, finally, seeing that my effort was a pitiful failure, said,
not unkindly: "Give me that shirt and let me wash it." His
kind action was prompted, too, by the sight of my bruised
wrists. After the rapid and scientific performance, I would
have sworn that he had once been intimately acquainted with
the humble washtub and that he still retained his skill. I
have since learned from his own mouth that my philanthropic
Samaritan of the seaside was none other than Mr. Jack
Farthing, of Watauga County, N. C, a fine, big-hearted man.
Strange combination — philanthropist and washerwoman !
Our food consisted of transparent bean soup and salty
codfish, which was so scarce and unsustainable as to demand
the utmost economy. Moreover, its distribution was dispro-
portionate; for, since the prisoners were arranged in single
file to receive the customary small cup of bean soup, A, the
man at the front, obtained a quantity of diaphanous-colored
water, while Z, the man at the end, obtained a cup of rich
beans. The rich portion of the food was at the bottom of
the steward's bucket, and many times I have seen the shining
tin bottom of my tin cup through the thin soup.
Much stealing occurred during this scarcity of provisions.
Being small, my cot was necessarily near the edge of the tent;
and I was wont to suspend my haversack, which contained all
my economized rations, on the pole within easy reach. One
night as I lay on my cot almost on the verge of sleep I was
aroused by a slight noise overhead, the noise of cloth being
stealthily severed. I looked above. A hand was slowly en-
tering the cut tent cloth groping blindly for my haversack,
intending to rob. Knife in hand, I arose quickly to my feet.
I would separate the preying hand from the marauding arm.
But warned by something, perhaps at the sound from me,
the hand was withdrawn precisely at the psychological mo-
ment. And well for its owner, for I should have surely ended
its unlawful career.
All the prisoners were captured promiscuously, some at one
time, some at another. I was captured on the 6th of April,
two days before the surrender, and had been imprisoned for
the space of nearly two months after the close of the war.
But my release sometime in June, and also the deferred
release of others at sooner and later dates, was due partly to
the alphabetical order of freeing — that is, since the prisoner
Abbott, being alphabetically first, was first released, it followed
logically that the next prisoner, Brown, being alphabetically
second, was also next released, and thus on to the last pris-
oner, Zaler — and partly to the formulation of certain regu-
lations governing exchange, release, and transportation of
soldiers.
But now the great war was finished. The South had at
last yielded from sheer necessity — bloodshed, cannon roar, hor-
ror, and death — for five voracious years usurpers of the throne
of national peace. At last they had ceased ; and peace was
again enthroned upon a war-ravaged, blood-drunken soil.
And now I was free — all were free, free to return, alas !
whither? to whom? to what? — but free, nevertheless, from
the unutterable curse of war and from the awful scene of
spilled lifeblood! Wag it, is it not, sufficient?
Thus ended the great war, a catastrophe which caused the
entire nation to tremble, to suffer, to bleed, and finally to
rise unto the highest. My wounds — all wounds and deaths-
were links in the great chain. Perhaps, after all, it was only
a culminating human act in the divine plan. If so, well.
Who knows? And the present titanic, colossal, blood- and
life-sucking European conflict — is it an act human or divine?
Who knows? Est perfecium!
Ultima Dicta.
The weight of seventy-five years has slightly bowed his
form. Age has whitened his hair and accelerated decrepitude,
but Time has not yet crushed the indwelling spirit of indom-
itable youth nor borne inactivity nor dimmed his eye nor
Qoi}federat<^ l/eterai?.
405
tarnished his memory. Care, with her host of ills, has fur-
rowed his brow, has palsied his hand ; but she has not yet
smothered life and light and joy nor extinguished the flame of
hope. Despite the burden of onerous years and the ravages of
relentless Time, he is still one of the "tried and true," one
of the faithful veterans of the stupendous War between the
States, a living representative of the contested flag.
A BOY IN THE CAMP OF LEE.
BY A. J. EMERSON, DENVER, COLO.
In the camp of the 21st Virginia Regiment we find one of
the heroes we arc looking for, just a plain fighter, William
Warden Patteson. In 1862 he was a mere boy, too young to
join the army. His home was in Culpeper County, Va.
He began his career as a soldier by a retreat, a thing that was
condemned by General Pope's celebrated war maxims. Yet
Patteson was right. He will tell his own story-
He Seeks to Avoid Pope.
"In the year i860 our family was living near Culpeper
Courthouse, Va. In the summer of 1862 the first Yankees
came into the county, the army of the boasting Pope. An
uncle, the Rev. William J. Warden, had just gotten to our
house from Wardensville, Hardy County. We heard through
our scouts that the army was advancing rapidly. This uncle
and I left on horesback the day they came. He had brought
some important information for General Jackson in regard to
the movements of the enemy in the western part of the State.
He and the General were great friends. We stayed in Orange
County for several weeks. One morning we rode to Orange
Courthouse and then west about two miles to Mr. Rabon
Newman's We could see that a heavy storm was brewing.
At this hou^e were two Confederate soldiers by the name of
Crigler. One of the brothers was just from prison (or the
hospital) and was trying to reach home. About 11 a.m. the
storm came on — a tremendous one, a waterspout — and while
it was raining hard two companies of soldiers appeared on
the opposite side of a small stream near the house. We could
not tell whether they were Confederates or Federals, as they
had on their raincoats. The stream was out of its banks, and
they hesitated about crossing. One of the Criglers said: 'I
do not like the looks of those men. Let's go, brother.' They
ran to the stable, mounted their horses, and rode away.
"Crigler was right ; they were Yankees. Several regiments
of Pope's men had arrived that morning at Orange Court-
house and. after a hard light in the town, had driven back
the two companies that were there. Finding no other troops
to oppose them, they went on a plundering expedition while
it was raining hard. The two companies across the creek were
Pope's men. When they saw the Criglers ride away they
pushed across the stream, rode to the stable, and took our
horses, with all of Mr. Newman's. A troop of them came to
the house. We could not see their uniforms, as it was still
raining hard and the raincoats hid them. They approached
the gate. One of them called to a negro girl on the portico:
'O sis, are there any Rebel soldiers in the house?' When we
heard him say 'sis' we knew who they were, and out of the
house we went by the back way, through the garden and
through a patch of corn back of the garden.
"They saw us just as we were trying to climb over the
fence near a cherry tree and fired several shots at us, some
striking the tree. It was a run then for a mile and a half
through muddy cornfields and woods, the men shooting at us
whenever they got sight of us, until we gave them the slip and
got over on another road near a large creek that was high.
Near where we came to this creek was an old blacksmith
'shop with the roof fallen in and both doors off. Some straw,
with a lot of rubbish, was packed in part of it. We had just
gotten in and climbed up behind the straw when, looking
through the cracks, we saw the Yankees coming. They passed
us and tried to cross the creek ; but not knowing the ford, they
came back by the old shop, and three of them rode in at one
door and out at the other without suspecting our presence.
We could appreciate the feelings of King Charles II. of
England when, hidden in the famous oak, he saw his enemies
passing underneath in pursuit of him. I guess he sat very,
very still. We did. The sixteen Yankees went out of sight
up the hill.
"I came down while my uncle watched and, getting behind
the shop in some weeds, went to the creek and tried to cross.
It was too deep. But a Good Samaritan lived on the other side
and had seen it all. This was Mr. Richard Houseworth. Al-
though a funeral service over the body of a young child was
going on, he sent a negro boy with two horses to carry us
over the creek. We crossed safely; but the Yankees had seen
us, and here they came. A body of timber was near. We dis-
mounted and, telling the negro boy to get away as fast as he
could, we disappeared in the brush. We had not gone more
than a mile before we ran into another squad of the enemy at
the beautiful home of President Madison, Montpelier. As we
ran across the lawn they shot at us again, but missed We
ran until out of their sight, ascended a high hill, from which
wc came to the house of a Mr. Bernard, where we stayed all
night. We saw no more of the enemy. They took about thirty
horses, a large number of cattle, and some of the younger
negroes with them. While they were at Mr. Houseworth's,
where they came just before the funeral procession was start-
ing out of the yard, they took all the horses from those that
. except the one that was rse, and
they also took several of the citizens with them.
"My firsl campaign was, as you sec, one of retreat. When
I left home on horseback 1 thought it would be easy to keep
out of the way of Pope's army. I knew nothing of the multi-
tude of flying squadrons that go to and fro in front of a
great army like that and had no idea of being hunted and
chased and shot at and dismounted, as I had been. A cam-
of retreat did not suit me any more than it suited Gen-
eral Pope. I resolved to quit retreating and try fighting.
"We had heard that Gen. Stonewall Jackson was at Gor-
donsville, having come from the heavy fighting around Rich-
mond with twenty thousand men to get in the pathway of
General Pope. To Gordonsville we went and found General
1 11 there. While in Gordonsville this famous General
had his headquarters at Mrs. Philip Barbour's, a friend of his
and one of the best Southern and Christian women in Vir-
ginia. There I had the pleasure of being introduced to him.
We told him of our 1 from the Yankees. I also told
him my father's place had been ruined by Pope's army, just
as many others there; and if he was going to have a fight, I
wanted to go in and help drive the Yankees from our State.
Although 1 was too young yet to join the army, I could shoot
as well as any of his old soldiers. So he gave me an order
for a gun and fifty rounds of ammunition. 1 soon found the
21st Virginia Infantry Regiment, and in Company E there
were a number of relations and schoolmates.
406
(^opfederat^ Veterai).
He Goes to Meet General Pope.
"The 21 st Virginia Regiment, in which I found a place, was
in General Winder's Brigade. On the 9th of August, 1S62, the
brigade, leaving camp near the Rapidan River, moved toward
Culpeper Courthouse, and at one o'clock we were within
seven miles of that place. Our brigade was on the left, the
main army on the Culpeper Road. At 2 p.m. the first shot
was fired by one of our batteries, and then a number of bat-
teries opened on both sides. For more than two hours the
shells and solid shot cut the trees down all around us. Our
beloved commander, General Winder, was struck by a piece
of shell while placing a batterv and lived only a short while.
About 5 p.m. the artillery ceased firing, and the infantry was
advancing. I remember saying to my cousin, lying down be-
side me : 'I am awfully glad those shells have stopped coming.
I don't mind these little things, these Minie balls.' He said :
'You are mistaken. The real danger is now coming.' This I
found to be true, then for the first time, and many times after-
wards.
"Pope had forty-five thousand men, and he threw ten thou-
sand of his best troops on our extreme left. Just before the
crash came General Jackson had seen this move of the enemy
and knew we would be greatly outnumbered at that part of
his line. He rode down with our Colonel (Cunningham) and
said to us : 'Men, you must hold this line.' We said : 'We will
hold it as long as any of us are alive.' We held it, but when
the fight was over many loved ones who wore the gray in our
regiment were asleep.
"After we had driven the enemy back, our advance sharp-
shooters were ordered to the front. Augustine Patteson, a
cousin, a fine sharpshooter, was one of the men ordered for-
ward. I told him I wanted to go with him. 'Come on,' he
said. As we were advancing and going down to a small
stream, we were some distance ahead of the main lines. Ahead
of us some twenty of the enemy were hiding behind some
stacks of straw. I had just given Augustine a piece of bread,
and he was in the act of putting it to his mouth, when a ball
fired by one of these men passed between his hand and his
mouth, burning his lips. He coolly said : 'Drop down. They
have got our range.' We dropped quickly and then crawled
to within one hundred yards of them. He got two. I got one
and broke another's shoulder. Several of them ran away, but
eleven threw down their arms and surrendered. We made
them come to us and sit down back of us on the ground.
"At this time another of our sharpshooters came up and
called our attention to a Union officer a little way off, coming
toward us. He called out: 'What troops are these?' Augus-
tine Patteson said : 'Do not say a word, but advance on him
quickly; and if he attempts to get away, fire on him. We will
capture him. I think he is a general.' He surrendered, and
we found that he was Brigadier General Prince, the only
Union general captured at that fight.
"This battle is known as the battle of Cedar Run. fought
August 9, 1862. It was a hard fight, the struggle lasting from
two o'clock until night. Just about sundown their cavalry
tried to break through our lines on the extreme left. Our
lines were very close to the woods in which was the cavalry.
Men were ordered to put double charges in their guns. I had
shot my gun so often (and wiped it out but once) that when
I had rammed down one Minie ball and nine buckshot I
thought I would put in some more. I put in nine more buck-
shot and some paper. In ramming down the extra charge the
ramrod stuck fast. I could not move it up or down. Augus-
tine said : 'If you fire your gun in that condition, it will burst.
Turn it up and drive the ramrod down on that rock.' I did
so, but as the enemy were about to charge I had to leave the
ramrod in. Thinking the gun might kick me over, I knelt
down, so I wouldn't have far to fall. It was well I did.
"When the enemy came out of the woods, moving straight
toward us, I said to my cousin : 'Watch that Yankee on the
dark sorrel horse.' Well, when she went off, I fell one way
and the gun another, the horse had no rider, and a gap was
cut through their lines. That ramrod, the eighteen buckshot,
and the Minie ball did the work. My captain said : 'See here,
young man, where did you get that piece of artillery?' I re-
plied that it was a gift from General Jackson. 'Well, now,'
said he meditatively, 'General Jackson should have had it
mounted on wheels, so it wouldn't kick you over.'
"That night the boys began to 'josh' me about my gun. The
captain's joke at my expense had gone the rounds. 'Hello,
Patteson !' they said. 'We hear you have joined the artillery.
What battery?'
"'Stonewall Jackson's Battery.'
"'They say your gun can kick. Is that so?' they asked.
" 'Kick or no kick,' I replied, 'the Stonewall Jackson Battery
got closer to the enemy than some other folks.'
" 'Good for Patteson !' they cried, slapping me on the back.
"We had about four hundred and twenty-five men in the
21st Virginia Regiment when we went into the fight, and near-
ly fifty per cent were killed or wounded. The regiment had
lost nearly as many a few weeks before around Richmond.
Fourteen of the twenty-eight men in the company I was with
were killed or wounded at Cedar Run.
"I did not see my uncle for several days. He had been stay- .
ing with some artillerymen whom he knew and holding prayer
meetings. When the battle opened, he took a gun and did
good service. He was the better prepared for effective work
in the line of battle because he had once been to a military
school. The men said : 'Parson, we see that you can fight as
well as preach.'
"Jackson's army fell back across the Rapidan, and in a week
Pope retreated. We went home. How different everything
looked! In what I had once thought the most beautiful part
of Virginia, now desolation and ruin were on every hand.
During this campaign my father's house had been headquarters
for General Hatch, of the Union army. He was violently op-
posed to General Pope's system of living off of the country.
He drove out of our house a number of his men who were
cursing and fighting over some jewelry and silverware and
other valuables, calling them thieves and beating them over
the heads with his sword. He told my father that he disap-
proved of such vandalism, but it was all owing to Pope's or-
ders. My father told him that no Southern general would
dare curse his men and beat them over the heads like that, for
they were men of a different stamp.
"Our army tried to intercept Pope's retreat, and fought him
at Groveton and Manassas. The company I was with at Cedar
Run had been reenforced and again suffered greatly. Among
the killed was my cousin, Augustine Patteson. A brother of
his fell on the heights of Gettysburg."
Secession Sentiment in 1814. — Whenever it shall appear
that these causes are radical and permanent, a separation by
equitable arrangement will be preferable to an alliance by
constraint among nominal friends, but real enemies, inflamed
by mutual hatred and jealousies and inviting by intestine di-
vision contempt and aggressions from abroad. — Journal of
the Hartford Convention.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai),
407
WHEN I WAS WOUNDED.
BY JOHN COXE. GROVELAND, CAL.
In my article in the Veteran for August, 1914, I mentioned
being wounded at Charlestown, W. Va., where the insurrec-
tionist, John Brown, was tried and hanged, and that after-
wards I was nursed by good people in Winchester, Va. A
few days after I left Winchester with our division to go back
to Richmond the battle of Winchester took place, and Early
fell back up the Valley. This was in September, 1664, and
when Early fell back the Federals entered and occupied Win-
chester.
In going toward Harper's Ferry we passed through the
pretty little village of Charlestown at an early hour on the
26th of August, 1864. It was a lovely country, and I thought
that if old John Brown ever had a conscience it must have
jolted him when he surreptitiously entered that beautiful and
healthful land, where even the negro slaves lived like white
people and were just as happy. We halted a short distance
beyond town and formed line on the edge of a wood on the
right of the Harper's Ferry Pike. There was rising wooded
ground in front, and the Federals were over the hill not far
away. Pickets were posted in the woods on the hill in front,
and I was one of them, my post being on our extreme left in
trees near the pike. We couldn't see much of the Federal
line in the woods over the hill, but their extreme right post
was behind fence rails in an open field near the pike and a
little to the left of my post.
I carried the same fine Enfield rifle I had carried since
March, iS6.}, was a good marksman, and rather enjoyed the
excitement of picket-fighting and sharpshooting. On this oc-
ca ion I fired at every sign or visible indication of the pres-
enci of a Federal soldier, usually resting my gun against one
of the large trees. I'm (lie four or live federals behind the
rail pile kept well under cover till about the middle of the
afternoon, when two of them went out into the open field
nearer to the pike. 1 always thought they imagined I had
left my post and gone back over the hill, but I was watching
them from behind a tree. Guessing at the distance, I quickly
adjusted the sight of my gun to what 1 considered thi
range and then, resting the gun against a tree, I carefully
aimed at the stomach of one of the men and tired. He
and went. down on one side as if one of his legs had given
way. His comrade quickly raised him to his feet again and
hurriedly assisted him back behind the rails. From that
time on till between 5 and 6 p.m., when I was relieved. I did
not see another Federal.
I was very tired and hungry when 1 got down to ranks.
and while I was boiling some green corn and hard-tack in
a frying pan it was suddenly announced that the enemy was
advancing against us from over the hill. The regiment, like
a machine, jumped into battle array, and I never knew what
1 of my supper. Our readiness was none too soon. Our
pickets scampered down into ranks with the cracking rifles
of the enemy just behind them. We were behind a weak
improvision of rails. The Federals were in heavy line of
battle and thought to run right over us, rushing up to within
1 few yards of our line and delivering their tire. Our artil-
lery opened from the rear, the shells passing low down over
us, and for a little time the din of battle was deafening.
Randolph Bacon, of my company, but then color bearer of the
regiment, was shot through the heart and fell dead, but still
held on to the flag. I shall never forget the expression of
his noble eyes as he fell. The next moment I was shot.
For a few seconds the shock completely paralyzed me. At
first I thought a piece of shell had hit me in the throat; but
it was a rifle ball that entered my throat and, passing to the
left of the wind pipe, by which it was slightly deflected, went
on clear through me and passed out between the back of my
neck and left shoulder. And, as if not satisfied with all that,
the ball kept on and ripped through the corner of my knap-
sack, leaving a jagged hole in the oilcloth. Blood rushed out
from both holes, and my clothes were saturated with it. Then
an officer shouted, "Get to the rear!" and I started. But I
didn't get back more than fifty yards, just out of the woods
into a field of pretty timothy and red clover, when I fell,
being too weak to stand any longer. Meanwhile the blood
continued to flow, but I felt good and supposed I would pass
away shortly.
The fight in front continued only a few minutes after I fell.
during which a few Federal bullets cut through the tall
timothy near me. My knapsack, being still strapped to me.
served as a sort of rest for my head and shoulders. It was
getting late, and after the Federals were driven back I
heard voices near me and tried to call, but found I couldn't
speak above a whisper. Neither could I be seen except at
very close range, so well was I screened by the tall hay. At
one time I saw the head of Private Jake Miller, of my com-
pany, and tried my best to attract his attention, but in
Then I heard the sound of horses' feet, and a moment later
a party of mounted officers rode right up to me and st
Major Goggin. of the division staff, and otl
1 down into my face with a sympathetic expres-
sion and said: "Are you badly hurt, young man?" I couldn't
speak, but nodded my head in reply. He then turned and
said something to an orderly, who galloped away. Then
I'll have you looked after promptly." the party rode
slowly away. The orderly returned soon with two men
ing a stretcher, and as they tenderly put me on it the ex-
pression of their faces indicated that they thought I was
"done for."
It was dark when I was laid down on the green grass floor
of the field hospital tent in the edge of town. Others badly
wounded were there already. Our regimental surgeon was
working hard, but I saw no other surgeon. Still more
wounded were brought in until the tent was full. When the
surgeon hastily examined me, I was so weak I could hardly
move a muscle. He seemed surprised to see so much blood
and me still alive. As he turned away to another I heard
him say to an attendant: "No, the hemorrhage has ceased."
I received no more attention that night, nor was it possible,
with the help at band, to give much attention to any one pcr-
son. Sometime during tin night a great thunderstorm struck
us. There was much thunder, wind, and rain, the latter com-
ing down in torrents and flooding our tent. Then the tent
blew down on us. and we came near being drowned or smoth-
ered till the storm passed and the tent was reelected. About
j a.m. I heard the rumble of vehicles outside, and soon after
I, with another young fellow of my regiment, but not of my
company, was carried out and placed in an ambulance, and
iver was i ■ pike was level
ami smooth, ind there was not much jolting. After day-
light 1 found that my companion .. ded in the upper
left arm. It seemed to be a flesh wound, but the ball was
still in him. To my whi old me that he was suf-
fering great pain and was not inclined to talk much. Then
1 whispered and said : "You'll be all right in a short time, but
look at me." He laughed faintly, but said nothing more.
I wo days afterwards the poor youth died from lockjaw.
408
Qopfederat^ Veterai?.
Arriving at Winchester about _> i>.m.. we were carried into
a church building then being used as a hospital. My cJothes
were dry and so stiff that they had to be cut from me. Clean
mattresses were on the floor, and kind ladies of the city as-
sisted in looking after the many wounded, who, for the most
part, were from the battle fields of Early's campaign to
Washington. The next day my relatives had me removed to
a private home. Dr. Shine, our brigade surgeon, looked
after my medical needs, and in every other way I had the
best attention, to all of which I believe I owe my life.
An Incidental Tragedy of the War.
Next door to the home of the kind people who nursed me
lived a .family named Forsyth, the husband, wife, and two
daughters, one of the latter being fully grown and the other
a schoolgirl of about
twelve years. From
the day I went to
their neighbor's home
till the day I left, one
or both of these sis-
ters called daily to
see how I was getting
on, and quite often
the elder sister, Miss
Mary Jane Forsyth,
would bring me some
delicacies from her
own table. She was
a very lovable girl,
and I thought much
of her even after I
left Winchester ; but
I never heard any-
thing more of the
family till after the
war, when in the win-
ter of 1865 at a hotel
in Georgia I met two
gentlemen from Win-
chester. They were
true Southerners,
and during our talk I told them some of my war experiences
in and about Winchester and inquired of the Forsyth family
there. Both seemed surprised that I had never heard of the
awful tragedy which happened only a few days after I left
Winchester. It seems that soon after the Federals under
Sheridan entered Winchester a private soldier killed Miss
Mary Forsyth by shooting her through the heart right in her
own home. The tragedy created a great sensation in Win-
chester ; and while the Federal authorities pretended to in-
vestigate the matter, no conclusion satisfactory to the out-
raged family and people of the city was ever reached.
I wrote immediately to the Forsyth family in Winchester
for fuller particulars. My letter was promptly answered by
the younger sister, and this substantially is her brief story:
Soon after the Federals entered the city several of their sol-
diers went to the Forsyth place, entered the grounds, and be-
gan to chase and take the poultry. The mother and elder girl,
Mary, were watching them through a window of the dining
room when one of the soldiers fired his rifle, and the ball
crashed through the window, struck Miss Forsyth squarely
in the heart, and she dropped dead at her mother's feet.
When the outrage became known in the city, the indignation
MISS MARY FORSYTH.
was tremendous, and an investigation was demanded. This
was granted by the Federal military authorities, though in a
perfunctory way. The soldier claimed that the shooting was
purely accidental ; that while he was chasing a chicken it
flew up in the air, and he shot at it just as it was in line
with the dining room window through which Miss Forsyth
was watching them steal her father's poultry. But the family
and friends and the good people of Winchester firmly believed
that it was a deliberate murder for which the perpetrator
never received any punishment. Even if the soldier's plea was
true, it certainly proved that he was criminally careless and
cared nothing at all for the life of the innocent girl. Yet
his cruel and cowardly act was in keeping with the announced
policy of his commander, the conscienceless and vindictive
Sheridan, which was to rob, plunder, and destroy without the
slightest reference to the rights and necessities of noncom-
batants and helpless women and children. To-day we talk
about and condemn the preventable cruelties of the present
European war; but if all the preventable cruelties and out-
rages of our own War between the States could be written
up, there would be sufficient to fill many large volumes.
WHEN GENERAL GREEN W AS KILLED.
BY CAPT. E. B. MILLETT, KANOPOLIS, KANS.
After the lapse of so many years, it is difficult for the actors
in the great drama of the War between the States to give
facts exactly, and it frequently happens that some of our good
comrades get events mixed and, from frequent repetition, hon-
estly regard themselves as the heroes of gallant actions per-
formed by others. Far be it from me to censure any old vet-
eran, bowed with years and suffering from lapse of memory,
who shall take such credit. In spirit and bravery nearly all
the old veterans are forgotten heroes.
In the Veteran for January, 1915, page 32, P. H. Goodloe
refers to the death of Gen. Tom Green at Blair's Landing in
the spring of 1S62, of which he says: "As we opened fire Gen-
eral Green and staff galloped up on the bank in front of the
boat, arid a shell exploded over his head, killing him instantly.
Being an aid-de-camp on General Parsons's staff, I dismounted
and helped to place General Green's body across his horse."
He is correct in this : General Green's death occurred at
Blair's Landing. He had about ten thousand soldiers under
him, including the 32d Texas Cavalry. I was Captain of Com-
pany B in that regiment. General Green was making observa-
tions when the enemy opened a terrific fire from the boats on
Red River, killing him and many of his soldiers. The army
was compelled to retreat, leaving our dead lying on the ground.
After a short retreat, General Parsons said, in my presence,
that the body of General Green should not be allowed to re-
main in the hands of the enemy, and he ordered me to go
and get the body. I asked him to send some one to point out
the body, as I did not see him fall. General Parsons said
that Lieutenant Nixon (I think it was) knew where General
Green fell and would go with me to point out the body. Ac-
companied by John Elam, Alonzo Millett, J. R. Parks (now
of La Vergne, Tenn.), and Ollie James, all of my company,
two others whose names I do not now recall, and Lieutenant
Nixon, I proceeded to the spot. General Green had been
killed by a shell which tore away a portion of his skull above
the right eye. He was a man over six feet in height and
weighed about two hundred and forty pounds.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
409
At the time of our quest the Federals had formed within
some sixty yards of General Green's body ; but as we were
unarmed and showed no hostile intention, they evidently re-
garded us as on a peaceful mission and made no attempt to
fire upon or to interfere with us. General Green's body was
carried by the seven men with me until we met Lieutenant
Sherwood, when we placed the body on his horse and took it
to headquarters, where it was turned over to General Parsons.
As the body of General Green was lifted up there fell from
his pocket a blood-stained order, which I picked up and kept
in my possession for thirty-five years, and then sent it to my
brother, Alonzo Millett, at San Antonio. Tex., and asked him
to give it to the U. C. V. Camp or to some other Confederate
organization there so that it might be preserved.
THE MARTYRS OF THE SOUTH.
BY A. R. MEEK. OE ALABAMA.
O weep not for the gallant hearts
Who fell in battle's day;
They well performed their hero parts
And passed from earth away.
They lie asleep on honor's bed,
Young freedom's martyred band ;
For all that's dear to man they bled,
For God and native land.
Weep not for Jackson, who laid down
His life in fullest fame.
Who always wore the victor's crown.
Now wears a deathless name.
0 what a loss that day was ours
When that great light grew dim !
We weep among our darkened bower?.
But do not weep for him.
For Sidney Johnston, whose high worth
Was freedom's polar star,
Who. like Elijah, passed from earth
In battle's fiery car,
Shed not a tear; he is not dead.
But up from Shiloh gone
Where wreaths ambrosial deck his head
Beside great Washington.
\\ eep not for Garnctt, his young brow
\mi mg tlic earliest paled ;
Though death compelled his form to bow,
His spirit never quailed.
Among Virginia's mountain heights,
With Garland by his side
And Starke, they fought for Southern rights
And for their country died.
O for McCulloch do not weep.
The Marion of the West.
Nor for Bartow nor Bee, but keep
Their memories in the breast.
They realized man's noblest fate
In victory's lap to lie:
We all must die or soon or late.
How blest like him to die !
Fair Mississippi's stalwart chief,
Brave Barksdale, too has gone,
And Zollicoffer's life too brief,
Moulton and Green passed on.
Kentucky's Hanson slumbers low,
With Helm and Branch as well.
Pour not for them the stream of woe ;
With heroes now they dwell.
For Alabama's own loved dead,
Though humbler be their names.
Why should the selfish tear be shed?
For they are God's and fame's.
Rest Irby. Webb. Jones. Ilobbs. and Hale;
Rest Jewett. Somers, Moore,
Inge, Garrott. Lomax, Pclham. P.aine
On death's wide, peaceful shore.
What stars crowd out upon the sky
Of history as I write!
Would I could number them on high.
The planets of our night.
They live immortal, and for them
We need not shed a tear;
Each wears a golden diadem
In a heroic sphere.
Rut we must weep. aye. deeply mourn
Miir own selves bereft ;
The priesthod from our altars torn.
Our homes in darkness left.
The widowed and the orphan band
On fate's rude waters tossed.
Weep for the anguish-stricken land
That such great souls has lost.
//-" A SOLDIER MEET A SOLDIER.
BY GEN. M. JEFF THOMPSON.
1 Aii ' rough the Rye.")
If a soldier meet a soldier 'mid the battle's din
And a soldier kills the soldier, surely 'tis no sin ;
Put if a soldier meet a soldier when the fight is o'er,
He gives his han' and shares his can. like gallant men of yore.
If a soldier meet a soldier— I pray you now take note —
And to that soldier says, "Mr. Soldier, come out of that 'ere
coat,"
Xow this soldier to that soldier really means no ill.
For "Uncle Sam" or "Cousin Sal" has to foot the bill.
Put if a soldier's not a soldier, though he wear the coat,
Then some soldier of that soldier should promptly cut his
throat ;
For a soldier's not a soldier if his brand's of fire
And homesteads, hearthstones, family altars only feel his ire.
The kind of soldiers loved by soldiers carry brands of steel.
And the strong blows of a soldier soldiers dare to feel ;
But a soldier damns the soldier who, shunning a fair fight,
Makes widows lone and orphans poor only know his might.
There are some soldiers. Christian soldiers, who seem to love
the strife.
And these soldiers of other soldiers gladly take their life.
Hut all good soldiers, patriot soldiers, pray the strife to cease;
Each humbly asks, "Great God, of thee our liberty and
peace."
Fort Delaware. April, 1861.
410
Qoi)federat^ l/eteraij.
CASUALTIES OF THE ELEVENTH MISSISSIPPI
REGIMENT AT GETTYSBURG.
BY BAXTER m'fARLAND, ABERDEEN, MISS.
Soldiers of the nth Mississippi Regiment have known for
over fifty years that the official reports (contained only in
medical returns) of its losses in the battle of Gettysburg on
July 3, 1863, are quite inaccurate and very incomplete. As
given, there were thirty-two killed and one hundred and
seventy wounded. The purpose of this article is to record
more fully and in detail the casualties sustained by the com-
panies of the regiment in that world-famous battle, not to
enter upon any controversy as to what commands did the
best and the most fighting.
When the nth Mississippi left home in April, 1861, I was
a member of Company H of that regiment and was with it
as orderly sergeant and lieutenant until about the 1st of June,
1863, when I was promoted and transferred to the Army of
Tennessee; therefore I was not with the nth Regiment at
Gettysburg, but I knew its members, many of whom were
college mates, and have kept more or less in touch with most
of the survivors since the war closed. Company losses have
often been talked over with survivors of the companies, the
fate of individuals discussed, not only with survivors, but with
members of their families. Survivors of each company, ex-
cept A and B, have carefully and fully gone over their com-
pany losses man by man, have exhaustively examined every
source of information and scanned every scrap of evidence
bearing upon its losses in that battle, and have furnished me
with the results of their inquiries. I have corresponded with
many survivors of the companies, have had access to com-
pany lists, rolls, histories, memoranda, and much data, have
thoroughly searched every source of information, carefully
weighing it all, and am quite sure that the casualties herein
are practically correct. If anything, they are under, rather
than over, the real losses.
The nth Mississippi Regiment was in Davis's Brigade,
Heth's Division, A. P. Hill's corps, but was left at Cashtown
to guard the division wagon trains and did not rejoin the
brigade until the night of the 2d of July. The losses here
given were, therefore, all sustained in the battle of July 3.
The charge on Cemetery Ridge was made by Pickett's and
Heth's Division, aligned in front with supports. Pickett's
Division, consisting of three brigades, was formed with Kem-
per's and Garnett's Brigades in front and Armstead's in sup-
port, with Wilcox's and Perry's Brigades moving on his right
rear. Heth's Division, Brigadier General Pettigrew com-
manding, on Pickett's left, was formed in the following order:
Archer's Brigade, Col. B. D. Fry commanding on the right
and Brockenbrough's Brigade on the left of the division ; Pet-
tigrew's Brigade, Col. Marshall commanding, in the right cen-
ter and Davis's Brigade in the left center. Heth's Division
was supported by Scales's and Lane's Brigades, Maj. Gen.
Isaac R. Trimble commanding, on their right rear. Davis's
Brigade was formed in the following order : The 55th North
Carolina on the right and the nth Mississippi on the left of
the brigade, with the 2d and 42d Mississippi Regiments in the
center.
The line of advance was not parallel with the enemy's line,
which receded to its rear, forming an angle, so that Davis's
Brigade, 'especially the nth Mississippi on its left, had farther
to march to reach the enemy's works in its front than the
troops upon its right ; but, moving rapidly under a murderous
converging fire, that brigade reached the stone wall about the
same time Heth's brigades, upon its right, arrived there, many
in the regiments, including the nth Mississippi, mounting,
some passing over the wall. "Billy" O'Brien, the brave color
bearer of the nth, was killed near the stone fence, and the
colors were picked up and planted upon the wall by Lieut.
Joseph G. Marable, of Company H, and both were captured.
The left brigade of Heth's Division was checked, it is
stated, not far from the Emmitsburg Road and retired ;
whereupon the enemy on the front and left of that brigade,
together with some regiments thrown forward on Davis's
now exposed left, immediately turned its entire artillery and
musket fire upon the decimated, but still advancing, ranks of
that brigade, especially destructive to its left regiment, the
nth Mississippi, in addition to the fire coming from its front
and right.
Col. F. M. Green and Maj. R. O. Reynolds, the only field
officers present, were wounded. All the captains save one
and nearly all the lieutenants and noncommissioned officers
present were killed, wounded, or captured, and it became a
soldiers' battle. After a short and bloody struggle over the
stone wall, the devoted remnant, realizing the utter hopeless-
ness of the unequal conflict, fell back to the position occu-
pied before the charge began, where the few officers remain-
ing were necessarily engaged in collecting and restoring the
scattered ranks and the surgeons in caring for and sending
away the wounded. Most of these escaped to the rear, pre-
paratory to an anticipated advance of the enemy, until the
night of the 4th, when General Lee's army began its retro-
grade movement out of Pennsylvania ; and for many weary
days there was no time or opportunity to ascertain and clas-
sify the losses. The hasty company lists forwarded to be-
come the basis of the routine casualty returns of the medical
department were, under the circumstances and conditions sur-
rounding the nth and other regiments of the brigade, ad-
mittedly inaccurate and incomplete, but under the great stress
of the situation were allowed to stand, imperfect as they
were.
Captain Magruder was killed upon the wall near the barn,
and Capt. Thomas C. Holliday was severely wounded. Both
were of General Davis's staff.
Company C went into the battle with an aggregate of
twenty-nine. Number killed, 9; wounded, 12 (including Capt.
George W. Shannon, First Lieut. William Peel, captured and
died in prison, Second Lieut. George M. Lusher, captured,
and Third Lieut. George F. Cole); captured unwounded, 4;
total, 25 ; escaped unwounded, 4.
Company D: Aggregate in battle, 55; killed, 15; wounded,
26; captured unwounded, 5; total, 46; escaped unwounded, 9.
Company E: Aggregate in battle, 39; killed, 15; wounded,
21; captured unwounded, 2; total, 38; escaped unwounded, I.
Captain Halbert and Lieutenants Mimms and Goolsby were I
killed, and Lieut. W. H. Belton was severely wounded.
Company F: Aggregate in battle, 34; killed, 9; wounded.
17; captured unwounded, 4; total, 30; escaped unwounded, 4.
Capt. Thomas J. Stokes was wounded close to the wall and I
captured. Lieutenant Featherston was killed, and Lieuts. I
Charlie Brooks and Woods were captured.
Company G, skirmishers: Aggregate in battle. 24; killed,
4; wounded, 8; captured unwounded, 10; total, 22; escaped
unwounded, 2. Captain Nelms was wounded, and Lieutenant
Osborne was killed, the only officers in the battle.
Company H: Aggregate in battle, 37; killed, 12; wounded,
16; captured unwounded, 5 ; total, 33; escaped unwounded,
4. Capt. J. H. Moore and Lieut. T. W. Hill were killed, and
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?
4ii
Lieut. R. A. McDowell was captured inside the works, all the
officers present. Private (later Lieut.) Joseph G. Marable,
after planting the regimental flag upon the wall, was captured.
Company I: Aggregate in battle, 45; killed, 13; wounded,
26; captured unwounded, 3; total, 42; escaped unwounded,
3. Capt. Baker Word was wounded, Lieut. W. P. Snowden
was wounded near the wall and captured, and Lieut. William
H. Clopton was wounded.
Company K: Aggregate in battle, 39; killed, 9; wounded,
20 ; captured unwounded, 3 ; total, 32 ; escaped unwounded,
7. Capt. George W. Bird was killed while cheering his men
over the wall, and Lieuts. John T. Stanford and A. G. Drake
were wounded.
Company A (University Grays) and Company B (Coa-
homa Invincibles), the former the right and the latter the left
company of the regiment, have furnished the least data; but
from the information obtained it appears that the two com-
panies had an aggregate in battle of fifty and that of these
there were sixteen killed; wounded. 22; captured unwou
6; total, 44; escaped unwounded, 6; T.ieut. William A. Raines,
of Company A, was killed, and Lieut. A. J. Baker was
wounded within ten feet of the wall and twenty feet to the
left of the Bryan barn and was captured, leaving Lieut. John
V. Moore, the only other commissioned officer of that
pany present, in command. This company was made up of
students .it the University of Mississippi at Oxford, who
came from all parts of the State, some from other States,
and it has been difficult to get into communication with the
very few survivors. It is thought that one or more officers
of Company B are included in the casualties of that com-
pany.
The ten companies had in battle an aggregate of
killed, 102; wounded, [68; captured unwounded, 42; total
. escaped unwounded, 40.
The mortally wounded are included with the killed. Some
supposed at the time to 1 ■ ■ and since ascertained to
have been killed or mortally wounded are likewise included
with the killed: others supposed to be missii g and since
tained to have been wounded and captured are included with
the wounded. Commissioned officers, whether named or not.
are included in the casualties under the proper head.
All these casualties, except two killed and perhaps a few
■ led during the cannonading that prece Iiarsje.
were sustained in less than two hours, amounting to about
-nine per cent of the company aggregate actually pres-
ent upon the battle field.
As the ranks of the charging lines rapidly thinned under
the enemy's tire, they closed upon Pickett, the division of
direction (Pickett closed to his left, Pettigrew to the right).
as the line shortened to preserve the relative alignment as to
the indicated point of attack, the copse of wood near the
salient. This, especially after the left brigade of lleth's Di-
vision retired, enabled the enemy greatly to increase the flank-
ind left, as the attacking column neared their
lines until it became appalling!} destructive, and comparatively
few passed through it unscathed to the stone wall; but it is
a fact well known to those who almost miraculously did so
that these survivors of 1 Kill's three right brigades did reach
and some passed over that stone wall. This fact is as well
attested as any event of the war; hut tin evidence, 50 far at
least as the nth Mississippi is concerned, is not all set forth
in official reports, although General Davis's report does show
thai his brigade "rushed to the wall."
From statements of participants, as well as official reports,
it appears that the smoke from gun fire enveloped the field
and obscured the movements of the troops, and this doubtless
led to misapprehensions otherwise inexplainable. In many
reports the officers stated they did not see troops to "right"
or "left," as the case may have been, when the evidence of
these participants later conclusively proves that at least the
survivors on the "right" or "left," in some cases at all events.
were there. Lines became so thinned and shortened as they
neared the wall as to be almost undiscernible through the en-
veloping smoke.
General Davis wrote the report of the part taken by the
brigade in the Gettysburg campaign, July 1 to 3, but did not
give the losses. As stated, the nth was left at Cashtown,
Pa., to guard the wagon trains of Heth's Division and did
not rejoin the brigade until the night of the 2d and did not,
therefore, participate in the engagement of the 1st or 2d of
July.
General Davis also wrote the report of the part taken by
Heth's Division in the Gettysburg campaign, July I to 3. but
did not give the losses. These reports are dated more than
a month after the campaign, and it would seem that the
casualties had not even then been fully ascertained. So far
as known to the writer, there are no official reports showing
the losses of the nth Mississippi or of Davis's Brigade other
than the medical returns previously referred to, and, as has
been shown, these are wholly inadequate, although doubtless
as full as were obtainable under the circumstances at the time.
The immediate need for army medical returns evidently did
not admit of delay until accurate returns were possible. This
inaccuracy probably characterized those returns in most of
the commands.
Some of the commands, however, rectified this in official
brigade or regimental reports of the campaign, in which the
casualties shown were invariably much greater than those
found in the medical returns and of course are accepted as
the real casualties of those commands instead of the medical
returns, the inaccuracy of which they conclusively prove.
The absence of the usual official statements of casualties
and the overwhelming evidence of the inaccuracy of the
medical returns has impelled a resort to other evidence — that
of participants, verbal and written, as stated, which is original
testimony of the highest nature — to give the nth Mississippi
what it is justly entitled to and richly deserves, a correct
statement of its casualties in a great battle to hand down to
posterity along with those passed down by other gallant par-
ticipants, albeit in a different form.
apparently a variance in statements as to whether
or not all of Heth's Division, under Pettigrew, marched on
the front line with Pickett or some of it was in support ; hut
from a careful examination of the statements it seems certain
that all the division advanced upon the front line. The bend
upon the left, noticeable at the start, was caused by a bend
to the west in the ridge behind which the division was formed
for protection before the charge, and under instructions "to
spread their steps to rectify" the division soon gained align-
ment with Pickett.
a [Hon of Slavery Startep in the South. — The States
of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee were engaged in prac-
tical movements for the gradual emancipation of their slaves.
This movement continued until it was arrested by the ag-
ions of the abolitionists — George hunt, of Massachusetts.
T. J. Randolph proposed in the Virginia Assembly a plan
for the emancipation and colonization of the negroes, 1832.—
Book of Days.
412
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
»i^r.iy.tw.i!»;>!«»:iy.i!W!iy.i!».t.'W!iy.t»iy.i!*!iy.iy.i«iy.»»»»
Col. W. C. Richards.
In the Dark Ages bodily vigor, united with physical courage,
evidenced by personal bravery, was the essential qualification
of a hero. Such were the heroes of the remote past. But in
modern times the true hero wears no feathered hat or cabal-
lero cloak, but is clad in the education and culture of the
age in which he lives and of the courage that mounteth with
occasion. In this latter order of heroes is to be classed the
late Col. William C. Richards, who departed this life in Co-
lumbus, Miss., on Thursday morning, July 6, 1916.
Colonel Richards was born in Shelby County, Ala., August
31, 1828. His father, David C. Richards, moved with his
family to this city when William was but a lad and continued
his residence here until his death. In youth and early man-
hood William Richards was rather delicate, but outdoor life
and abstemious habits prepared him for the more active life
of four years of war which during its progress made the tall
but lithe young soldier strong and rugged. Indeed, at the
close of the war his frame had become well knit and vigorous
and reenforced by a constitution virtually perfect. He was
studious and stood well in his classes both in primary and col-
legiate courses, and in the pursuit of learning he early took up
the profession of school-teaching, which he followed until. a
short time prior to the War between the States.
At the first call of President Davis for fifteen hundred
troops from each of the then Confederate States, except
Florida, which latter, owing to its comparatively small popu-
lation, was asked to furnish only one thousand troops, Wil-
liam Richards promptly tendered his services and became a
private in Capt. William B. Wade's company, the "Lowndes
Southrons," it being one of two companies then being raised
here under that call, the other company, bearing the name of
"Southern Avengers," being raised and to be commanded by
Capt. George H. Lipscomb. On the organization in this city
of these companies W. C. Richards was elected second lieu-
tenant, but was later promoted to first lieutenant of the
Southern Avengers. A week later, on the 27th of March,
1861, both companies left Columbus under orders for mobili-
zation camps at Mobile, Ala., and a few days later marched
under orders with the other eighteen companies from Blakely.
Ala., to Pensacola, Fla., to become a part of the army as-
sembling there under the command of Gen. Braxton Bragg.
During the eight months' soldiering at Pensacola no oppor-
tunity was presented the individual soldier to display heroism.
The first opportunity offered W. C. Richards was on July 1,
1862, when a volunteer aid-de-camp on the staff of Brig. Gen.
James R. Chalmers, then temporarily commanding the cav-
alry of General Beauregard's army in its retreat from Corinth
to Tupelo, Miss. Chalmers had a small skirmish on the
Blackland Road near Booneville with a brigade of Federal
cavalry under command of Col. (later Gen.) Phil Sheridan,
and in that skirmish Lieutenant Richards was the only mem-
ber of Chalmer's troops who was wounded ; none were killed.
He was dangerously wounded by a pistol ball passing through
his chest.
Napoleon, in defining history, said it was "fable agreed
upon." Apply that definition to Sheridan's report of that
insignificant skirmish, appearing on pages 19 and 20 of Serial
No. 24, "War of the Rebellion," which report made him a
brigadier general, and we realize how much fiction there is
in recorded incidents of the War between the States. To the
contrary of statement in said report — namely, that Chalmers
"left a large number of his dead and wounded officers and
men on the field. * * * Among the wounded that fell
into our hands are two lieutenants who will die" — I repeat
that the wounding of Lieutenant Richards was the only
casualty in Chalmers's Cavalry. Were it not too much of
a digression, I would record here how I, Colonel Richards,
and others here, who knew the facts to be contrary to what
is stated by Colonel Sheridan, on the appearance of the vol-
ume of the "War Records" containing his report, besought
General Chalmers to write for the press a true report of that
skirmish, and how Chalmers, then a Republican nominee for
Congress, ignored our request, presumably for the reason
that he feared it would inflame the prejudices of the Repub-
lican party and impair his chances for election.
Sufficiently recovered from his wound, and having been
designated by General Chalmers for appointment as major to
command the recently organized battalion of sharpshooters
for his brigade, Major Richards reported at Tupelo for duty
just prior to General Bragg^s transference by rail of his
army to the vicinity of Chattanooga, preparatory to making
his Kentucky campaign. In this latter campaign and while
the sharpshooters in the early morn of September 15, 1862,
had developed and were driving in the Federal pickets in
front of the uncalled-for and disastrous battle field of Mum-
COL. W. C. RICHARDS.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
413
fordville, Ky., Major Richards was again dangerously
wounded and was left behind with the other wounded of the
brigade that could not be transported on Chalmers's retreat
to Cave City, thus becoming a prisoner in the hands of the
enemy. Subsequently exchanged, he reported for duty with
his command and thenceforward to the close of the war did
valiant service with his battalion through all the engagements
of the Western Army until April 10, 1865 (the army being
at Smithfield, N. C), when the regiments of Sharp's Brigade
were consolidated under the name of the 9th Mississippi, and
Major Richards was promoted to command it with the rank
of colonel. Sixteen days thereafter, receiving his parole on
the surrender of General Johnston's army, Colonel Richards
returned to his home and soon thereafter engaged in planting
in Noxubee County. Miss. Later he resumed his residence in
Columbus, where he soon became a factor in its financial and
other business enterprises.
His scholarly attainments, united with a mastery of mat-
ters in which he became concerned, were comprehensive and
served him well. Altogether systematic, prudent, methodical,
efficient, and devoid of all elements of the plunger and even
of the spirit of speculation in business. Colonel Richards ac-
cumulated a handsome competency and became a safe coun-
selor to those seeking his advice. In every position of trust
or responsibility, respectively as mayor of Columbus, President
of the Board of Supervisors of Lowndes County, a director
and President of the First State Bank of Columbus, member
of the Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1890, director
in sundry financial corporations, senior vestryman of St.
Paul's Episcopal Church of this ■ city, he proved himself ex-
ceptionally efficient.
On February 1, 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss
Sarah Francis Evans, the accomplished daughter of Mr.
Richard Evans, a distinguished chancery lawyer of this city.
She. with one daughter and three sons, survives him.
This historical tribute to a lifelong friend is written by one
who from his youth knew Colonel Richards intimately and
who from the commencement of the War between the States
to his death was closely associated with him as intimate
friend and neighbor. Hence what is written in this tribute
is from personal knowledge and truthfully, without adorn-
ment or the least exaggeration, represents the character of his
deceased friend.
[E. T. Skyes, late Adjutant General and Chief of Staff of
the Army of Tennessee Department, U. C. V.]
M. R. Hayley.
Mark Rogers Hayley, one of the most prominent and widely
citizens of Lauderdale County. Ala., died in Nashville,
renn, The body \ras taken to Florence and interred in the
ity cemetery.
Mr. Hayley was in his seventy-first year, lie had never
married, lie was a business man of unusual ability ami wa*
one of the wealthiest citizens of Lauderdale County. He is
survived by a sister and a brother — Mrs. A. J. Gilbert, of
County, and Dr. L. B. Hayley, of Murfreesboro,
'I. mi He was a native of Colbert County, but for many
years had lived in Lauderdale. He served four years in the
lerate army, having left LaGrange College, where he
Student, to join the Confederate forces, enlisting in
the 35th Alabama Infantry. He was a schoolmate of Gen.
j Thompson, of Tuscumbia, both enlisting at the same
time and being messmates throughout the war.
John H. McFerrin.
John H. McFerrin was born near Somerville, Tenn., April
9, 1839, and died at his home, in Colliersville, Tenn., April
18, 1916, aged seventy-seven years. He was the son of Rev.
W. M. and Mrs. Louisa McFerrin. He graduated from Wes-
leyan College, Florence, Ala., in 1861 and immediately en-
listed in the Manson Greys, which company was attached to
the 13th Tennessee Regiment of Infantry. He was contin-
uously in service in
camp and in field for
four years, with the ex-
ception of a short ab-
sence from a wound
and sickness. After the
war he settled in Mar-
shall County, Miss,
On January 31, 1S66,
he was married to Miss
Tommie Jessie Mat-
thews, of Hickory
Wythe, Tenn. Two
children survive, John
B. McFerrin and Mrs.
Armstead Dodson, both
prominent in the so-
cial and religious life
of the community. In
1873 Comrade McFer-
rin moved to Colliers-
ville and entered the mercantile business, and with the motto
"Honest Weight and Good Measure" he soon built up a lucra-
tive business, from which he was forced to retire a few years
ago on account of failing health.
His gentle and snierous nature, frank and confiding man-
ner, and indexible integrity commanded the admiration of all
with whom he came in contact. No man of the community
was more tenderly reverenced by friends, and no man ever
evinced more loyal devotion in return. He was a loyal and
faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. South,
from boyhood. His uprightness in his daily life was never
>ned, and the character of unspotted honor and Chris-
tian charity falls as a rich heritage to his descendants. As
a Christian he was without guile, as a friend without doubt,
and in all the walks of life he was a light that never lost its
brightness. The world is better for his having lived, and the
grave has now no victory in his death, for the sweet fra-
of his memory will outlive the sting of death.
tie was among the first subscribers of the Veteran, a faith-
ful worker in its interest, and read and discussed its contents
with marked interest to the last. His golden wedding anni-
versan months before his death, at
which time this picture was taken as part of a group.
Deaths at Gainesville, Tex.
Adjutant Gannaway reports the following losses in mem-
hip of Gainesville Camp, No. 12, U. C. Y. :
\V. YV. lloweth. 5th Texas Cavalry.
W. R. Strong. McCord's Texas Cavalry.
E. B. Gaston, 6th South Carolina Cavalry.
A. C. Thomas. 37th Mississippi Infantry.
B. F. Carpenter, 6th Texas Cavalry.
A. J. Reed. 57th North Carolina Infantry.
T. W. Wiley, [8th Alabama Infantry.
S. R. Anderson, quartermaster 36th Tennessee.
4i4
Qoi}federat<^ l/eteraij.
John H. K. Shannahan.
An honorable and useful life closed with the death of John
H. K. Shannahan, Confederate veteran and prominent citizen
of Talbot County, Md., on May 20, 1916. Mr. Shannahan
was a son of the late Samuel E. and Rebecca Dawson Shan-
nahan. At the outbreak of the War between the States he
went South and became a member of the Chesapeake Light
Artillery, C. S. A., and fought until the close, taking part in
practically all of the battles of the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia. At the close of the war he returned home and began
his business career. He constructed and put in operation the
first ice plant on the eastern shore of Maryland; later he
organized a corporation, of which he was president, for the
sinking of artesian wells, which organization is still in ex-
istence and has conducted a most successful business through-
out Maryland — not only successful in making money, but in
securing satisfactory supplies of water. His ability along this
line made him a prominent engineer for consultation.
During his service in the Army John Shannahan was un-
tiring, courageous, and attentive to his duties and won the
admiration of all of his associates. In his business affairs he
showed the same energy, skill, and good judgment. About
ten years ago he retired from business and made his home
on his landed estates on the Miles River, in Talbot County,
where he lived a quiet life surrounded by his neighbors, who
were truly devoted to him. His death came after an attack
of heart trouble.
His wife died some years ago, and he left surviving him
two sons, Samuel E. Shannahan, editor and manager of the
Easton Star Democrat, and John H. K. Shannahan, Jr., as-
sistant to the President of the Maryland Steel Company at
Sparrows Point, Md.
John J. Bromley.
John J. Bromley, son of John and Edith Hurst Bromley,
was born October 31, 1838, and died at his home, at Flat-
woods, Tenn., February 21, 1916, aged seventy-seven years.
He enlisted in the Confederate army in March, 1863, serving
until the close of the war and surrendering with his com-
mand at Charlotte, N. C, on May 3, 1865. He belonged to
Company F, 9th Battalion of Tennessee Cavalry. His brother,
W. L. Bromley, was his captain; J. A. Atkins, major. He
traveled over most of the Southern States during the war,
was considered one of the bravest of his command, and when
Major Atkins wanted men to go where there was danger John
Bromley was selected as one to go. After the surrender he,
like the rest who battled for the Southern cause, helped to
make the South what it is to-day. By his industry and per-
severance he accumulated quite a competency, which he di-
vided among his surviving children, five sons and two daugh-
ters, all living at Flat woods.
Comrade Bromley was a member of the Methodist Church,
and next to his Church was his devotion to the cause for
which he so valiantly fought. It was an appreciated pleasure
to meet and partake of his hospitality last summer. It was
his delight to recite his experiences in following the flag of
the Confederacy, and these reminiscences he had put in writ-
ten form that they might be preserved as sacred treasures.
I shall never forget his kindness and that of his dear family
while in their midst.
God hallow him and the memory of every true Confed-
erate soldier ! The younger sons and daughters of our be-
loved Southland should hold their names sacred. Peace to
their dust ! Reddick C. Carnell.
JOHN W. LEEPER.
John W. Leeper.
Another name is added to the last roll, another old Confed-
erate has answered the call to come up higher. John W.
Leeper was born in
Sevier County, Ark.,
January 5, 1844, and
died at his home, in
Lockesburg, Ark.,
June 5, 1916, leaving
an aged wife, three
sons, and three
daughters.
Mr. Leeper entered
the Civil War as a
private in Company
G, 2d Arkansas
Mounted Riflemen, in
January, 1862, and
surrendered to W. T.
Sherman in April,
1865. He was taken
prisoner in December,
1862, at Lexington,
Ky., and was released
at City Point, Va.,
April 1, 1863, after
having endured un-
told suffering and pri-
vations.
As a citizen Mr. Leeper was always a devout Christian, one
who never swerved from duty. As a soldier he was brave and
true, loyal to the cause he espoused. He died as he had lived,
with his face to the front, marching onward and upward.
Capt. A. P. Terrill.
Capt. A. P. Terrill, Christian gentleman and member of
Marmaduke Camp, U. C. V., of Moberly, Mo., died on the
28th of October, 1915, aged seventy-eight years. At the begin-
ning of the war he enlisted in the Confederate service, and at
the organization of his company he was elected one of the
lieutenants, soon thereafter being promoted to captain. Dur-
ing his service he received a severe wound, which incapacitated
him from further active service. His life was an inspiration
to all who knew him. He was a Christian of the highest
type, a true comrade, and a brave soldier. Marmaduke Camp
passed resolutions voicing the sympathy of its membership and
the sense of loss in his passing. Committee: G. C. Green. J.
B. Atkisson, G. N. Ratliff.
Dr. N. M. Gilder.
On the 6th of March, 1916, Dr. N. M. Gilder died at his
home, in Gatesville, Tex. He was one of the first to enlist
when Texas called for troops to defend the Southern Con-
federacy, and he became a member of Company F, 1st Texas
Regiment, organized by Colonel Wigfall near Richmond, Va.
Then the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas Regiments and Hampton's
Legion were organized into the Texas Brigade, which sol
nobly defended our cause in the many bloody encounters of
the Army of Northern Virginia. Dr. Gilder went through it
all, serving his country from first to last. Those who knew
him during those trying times testify that he was a true soli-
dier of the South, always ready to do his duty.
[Jim Dickie, one of Hood's scouts.)
Qotyfederat^ tfeterap.
415
Capt. A. M. Chichester.
On April II Capt. A. M. Chichester died at his home, near
Leesburg, Va., at the age of eighty-five years. He was the
son of George Mason Chichester and Mary Bowie Chichester
and was born in Leesburg on April 6, 1831. He was a civil
engineer by profession, and during the War betwee.i the
States he served with distinction as a staff officer of Jackson's
with the rank of captain of engineers. He was one of the
engineers who laid out the route of the Old Loudon and
Hampshire Railroad, which is now a part of the line tra-
versed by the Washington and Old Dominion Railway. Like
all true sons of Virginia, when the call came to arms, recog-
nizing his State's need, he went to the front and seized gal-
lantly during the war.
In his marriage with Mary Beverley the names of two of
the most distinguished families of Virginia were linked to-
gether. Settling on the beautiful estate of Ivon soon after
his marriage, his life for many years had been actively spent
in the management of his estate. His was always a familiar
face on the streets of Leesburg, and he was known and re-
spected by all. Gentlemanly and courteous in his bearing, a
never-changing friend, he was a Christian gentleman of the
eld Virginia type. He was a devout member of the St, James
Episcopal Church for many years and chairman of the Con-
federate Pension Board of Loudoun County.
He had only one brother, the late Washington Bowie Chi-
chester. Three sons and three daughters survive him.
Mat. T. J. Pulliam.
The following report on the death of Maj. T. J. Pulliam
was made by a special committee of Camp Sterling Price,
Confederate Veterans, Dallas, Tex. :
"On Friday, June 23, 1916, as the sun was descending be-
hind the western horizon and the shades of night, like a
canopy, were slowly settling down over the earth, the spirit of
Maj. T. J. Pulliam took its flight into the blessed beyond.
"Thomas Jefferson Pulliam was born in Houston, Chick-
asaw County, Miss., March 23, 1838. On February 16. 1869,
he was married to Miss Ellen E. Calbraith, a daughter of one
of the most widely known and highly respected families of
that portion of the State. To this union there were born five
sons and one daughter, all of whom are residents of this city
and all of whom, save one (Walter), were at the bedside when
death came.
"Comrade Pulliam came to Texas with his family in iNo.)
They came to Dallas in 1898 and have resided here contin-
uously ever since. Having accepted Christ as his personal
Saviour in early manhood, he united with the Presbyterian
Church in Mississippi, and at the time of his death was a
member of the Colonial Hill Presbyterian congregation, where
he was held in high esteem and where he will be greatly
missed.
"Comrade Pulliam. like thousands of the noblest young men
of the South, hesitated not when the call came to arms, but
enlisted in the Chickasaw Guards, the first company that went
from that part of the State, afterwards known as Company C,
31st Mississippi Infantry. Col. J. A. Orr, now living at Colum-
bus, Miss., who is probably the only living Confederate Con-
gressman, was colonel of the regiment.
"Nothing testifies more strongly, not only to his popularity
with his men, but to his coolness and bravery on the battle
field, than the fact that he rose rapidly from the rank of sec-
ond lieutenant, with which he entered the service, to that of
major of his regiment. Although he participated in the battles
01 Baker's Creek, Resaca, Atlanta. Franklin, Nashville, and
others of less importance, Comrade Pulliam was never wound-
ed or taken prisoner.
"At the terrible battle of Franklin, Colonel Stephens, who
was in command of his regiment, being severely wounded
almost at the very- first onslaught, the command of the Regi-
ment fell upon the then young Major. So admirably did he
handle his men. and so cool and courageous was his conduct,
that Brigadier General Featherstone, in his report to General
Hood, stated that in all the confusion and disorder incident
to the battle Major Pulliam maintained the best order and dis-
cipline of any regiment in the engagement.
"On the retreat from Nashville General Walthall, division
commander, being ordered to select the very best regiments
of the army to cover the retreat, the 31st Mississippi Regiment
was among those selected.
"Though more than a half century has passed since the
War between tin- States terminated, 'when the storm-cradled
nation fell.' he never tired or was lacking in interest in everv-
thing pertaining to the welfare of the Confederate soldier,
one of his greatest delights being the attendance at the annual
Reunions whenever his strength would admit.
"Now, therefore, be it resolved by Sterling Price Camp,
Xo. 31, U. C. V., that in the death of Comrade Pulliam this
Gimp loses one of its most active and energetic members,
the Church to which he belonged an invaluable member,
and his family a husband and father whose place can never
be tilled. Resolved further, That this memorial be spread
upon the minutes of our Camp, a copy be sent to the family,
and that the daily papers of the city be requested to publish."
[L Hall. L. H. Craddock. R. K. Willis. Committee.]
Carson Reed Orr.
Carson Reed Orr died at his home, at Aspen Hill, Tenn,
on March iS. iot(>. after an illness of only three days,
lie was buried at Pulaski, Tenn., by the Masons, of which
fraternity he had long been a member. At the time of his
death he was in his seventy-seventh year, having been born
July 20, 1839, at Cornersville. Tenn. He enlisted in the Con-
federate service as a member of Company H. 3d Tennessee
Regiment, commanded by Col. C. H. Walker, in 1861 and
served throughout the war.
He was married on August 14, 1867. near Athens, Tenn., to
Miss Mary Beverly Mc Williams. Of the live children born
to them, three survive with their mother.
As a soldier his record stands as does his private life —
honorable, brave, and always ready for duty. While in camp
at Dalton, Ga., he professed religion, and the passage of
Scripture read at his funeral is a significant evidence of his
Christian life, his walk before his God and his fellow man,
and no tribute more beautiful and true could be paid to his
life and memory: "Mark the perfect man, and behold the up-
right ; for the end of that man is peace." As a matter of
course, many a good man has lived, and likewise many a
a good man has died ; but to the writer it is impossible to see
how a better man than he could have ever lived. As a hus-
band he was conscientious, true, and kind ; as a father he was
noble. No midnight hour was ever too dark or too cold for
him to rise to a call of duty that would add comfort to his
family or a kindness to his neighbor or his fellow man.
416
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Miss Eliza M. Bullock.
With sorrowful hearts we record the death of Miss Eliza
M. Bullock, one of the most loyal and efficient members of the'
Barham County Chapter, at Eufaula. She had previously
lived in Montgomery and was a member of the Dixie Chapter
there. Her father, Col. Edward Bullock, was prominent in
all political and social affairs of that day. An eloquent speak-
er, he met and welcomed Jefferson Davis when he went to
Montgomery- to be inaugurated as President of the Confed-
eracy. He was among the first to volunteer and served with
the Eufaula Rifles until appointed Colonel of the 18th Alabama
Regiment, C. S. A. He took command of the regiment, but
died shortly afterwards. His name is enrolled with those of
the brave men who first left Barbour County for the front.
Miss Bullock was born in Eufaula and there spent the hap-
py days of childhood and youth. She was educated at Union
Female College, under the administration of Professor and
Mrs. Mcintosh. In those girlhood days she was winsome and
sweet and, as the years rolled on, developed into a strong and
beautiful woman. A devoted member of the Episcopal Church,
she was conscientious, self-sacrificing, charitable, loyal, and
true — a woman worthy the name of friend. Several years
after the death of her father she joined the ranks of the noble,
earnest, intelligent workers of the world and worked always
for the education and uplift of humanity, for the good and
happiness of others, and she has left an impress for good
upon the minds and hearts of hundreds of Alabama women.
When her health failed, her heart turned homeward, and she
spent the last year of her life teaching in Alabama Brenau, a
part of which was the old Union Female College. Broken in
health, but never in spirit, she fulfilled her duties there until
her work was done.
Loved ones, with tearful eyes and aching hearts, laid the
mortal body in a casket, covered it with beautiful, fragrant
flowers, and left her at rest in Fairview, beside those she loved
best. The immortal spirit God's invisible angels quickly
caught and tenderly bore across the dark river to the beautiful
beyond. Mrs. R. Q. Edmondson,
Barbour County Chaffer, U. D. C.
L. C. Newman.
L. C. Newman, of Stanton. Tenn., was born near Sumter,
S. C, May 17, 1841, and died in Atlanta, Ga., June 10, 1916.
He was a brave Confederate soldier, having volunteered at
the outbreak of the war and served in Company A, 10th South
Carolina Regiment, which was assigned to the engineering
corps on the coast of South Carolina. The second year of
the war his command was transferred to the Army of Ten-
nessee, and he took part in the battles of Murfreesboro,
Corinth, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Dalton, Resaca,
Kennesaw Mountain, and Atlanta. Comrade Newman was
with General Hood in all that arduous campaign back to
Tennessee, engaging in many skirmishes, as well as the bloody
battles of Franklin and Nashville and in the retreat from
Tennessee. His command was again placed under Gen. J. E.
Johnston at Bentonville, N. C, and was surrendered at
Greensboro, N. C.
He then returned to his old home in South Carolina, but
soon afterwards went to Wsst Tennessee and engaged in
business in the southern part of Haywood County. He was
married to Miss Sue Rives, of Fayette County, in October,
1873, and then located at Stanton, Tenn., engaging in the
general merchandise business, also conducting a hotel. After
the death of Mrs. Newman, in 1906, he remained on his farm
for several years and later was with his daughter in Stan-
ton. For several years he was a member of the county court
of Haywood County, always careful of the interests of his
county. He was also a deacon and trustee of the Presby-
terian Churcli at Stanton. He attended the Birmingham Re-
union, a gathering he always enjoyed, and then visited rela-
tives in Alabama and South Carolina. On his way home he
was taken violently ill and died in Atlanta. He was buried
at Stanton beside his beloved wife.
Comrade Newman is survived by a son and two daughters,
two brothers and two sisters. G. N. Albright.
Jerry S. Crook.
Jerry S. Crook went to Texas just prior to the battle of
San Jacinto and grew to manhood in Lamar County. Spring-
ing from sturdy, liberty-loving pioneer stock, the fibers of his
splendid nature were strengthened and enlarged by associa-
tion with a people who had wrested an empire from the
hands of tyrants. Circumstance and the environments of a
wild and romantic country went into the building of this
man and comrade. He had those qualities of heart and soul
which all men admire and which it is given few men to pos-
sess. Loving peace, the amiable qualities of his nature ever
in the ascendant and strengthened by the Christian religion,
he was at the same time a soldier who took no thought of
fear. When the alarm of war was sounded, Comrade Crook
enlisted in the 9th Texas Infantry, whose colonel was the
distinguished Sam Bell Maxey, and was elected first lieu-
tenant of Company A. Always earnest and whole of purpose,
no finer comrade or braver soldier ever went to war. When
the flag he had followed went down, Comrade Crook, ever
ready to respond to the right, went back into the ranks of
peace and began to help in the rebuilding of his war-torn
and devastated country. Just as in "days of danger, nights
of waking," he had been in his duty prompt at every call,
civil discord and wrong found in him a foeman, and at all
times his voice and energies were for his people's betterment.
A soldier and citizen of the highest type, with the con-
scienciousness of every duty well performed, old in years,
rich in the love of family, friends, and ancient comrades, he
has passed from among us.
[From memorial resolutions by A. S. Johnston Camp,
Paris. Tex. Committee: J. M. Long, L. W. Ross, P. M.
Speairs.]
. Deaths in Camp at Carrollton, Miss.
W. T. Hamilton, Adjutant Camp Liddell, No. 561, U. C.
V., Carrollton, Miss., reports the following deaths of Carroll
County veterans during the past year: R. M. Morgan and A.
T. McEachern, Company A, 7th (Ballentine's) Regiment of
Mississippi Cavalry; George C. Reeves, Company K, nth
Mississippi Infantry ; S. Shute, George W. Farish, J. B. Jor-
dan, Company A, 30th Mississippi Infantry; A. M. Kirby,
Company B, 28th Mississippi Cavalry; John R. Hoge, 4th
Alabama Cavalry.
Comrades at Middleton, Tenn.
R. F. Talley, of Middleton, Tenn., reports the death of two
veterans of that community, which leaves only a few more
there. W. M. Brown, who was a member of Company A,
14th Tennessee Regiment, under Forrest, had nearly reached
his eightieth year. A. M. Duncan was the last of the Mid-
dleton Lines, of which he was lieutenant. He was a brave
soldier, ever true to the cause, and the flag he loved was
placed on his grave.
QoQfederat^ tfeterag.
417
\l tRI US D L. PITTMAN.
Marcus D. L. Potman.
[This sketch of Marcus D. L. Pittman, a private in Cobb's
Legion of Cavalry, Hampton's Brigade. J. E. B. Stuart's
cavalry corps. Army of Northern Virginia, is the tribute of
his comrade in arms, his true friend through life, who served
and suffered with him as private and also as lieutenant in
Company C — Wiley -C. Howard.]
Marcus Pittman was born September 25, 1835, in Madison
County, Ga., and there resided all his life, with the exception
of nine years in
Clarke County. lie
then returned to his
paternal homestead.
where he died Jan-
uary 24, 1916, in bis
eighty-first year. He
was reared on a farm
and was a farmer
through life, though
be acquired a fairly
good education and
taught school suc-
cessfully for a num-
ber of years before
and aft. r I lie war.
lli also studied sur-
veying and filled the
office of county sur-
veyoi .nid clerk of the Superior Court for a term of several
years in bis native county. He was extensively and favi
known in Clarke, Jackson, Ba m Oglethorpe, and other
counties adjacent to Madison, lie was a man of sterling
character and possessed a clear and discriminating mind.
having for years acted as justice of th< peaci in his militia
district, besides holding other pi sitions of honor and trust, in
all of which In- acquitted himself as a man. being 1 useful
and patriotic citizen throughout his long lifi In December,
1S07. be was married to Miss 1.. E. 1.. Yearby, who. with
five children, survives him.
1 1 nrade Pittman's military careei 1 remarkable in the
fact that, though capable of leadership, he sought no honors
and remained a private in the ranks throughout the war,
doing his dim well and faithfully always ami under th
trying circumstances, enduring hardships with courage and
cheerfulness, lie enlisted in (.'apt. \Y. G Delaney's company,
which went out from Athens, Ga., as par: of I R. R. Cobb's
legion of Georgia 1 ivalrj Vfter participating in many hard-
fought battles. Comradi Pittman was severelj wounded
while acting as color bearer and was disabled for life.
His horse was shot down, and be was wounded in the foot
and ankle, while the flagstaff was shattered in the boot.
Though the horse tell on him, he still clung to that old tat-
tered flag, holding it aloft until it was seized by another com
rade and borne on to victory, as so often before. This oc-
curred between Culpepcr Courthouse and Gordonsville,
August 1. 1863, in one of the many desperate cavalry charges
made by Cobb's Legion, commanded by Col. W. l">. De-
laney, Gen, 1'. \I B, Young, Col. G. J. Wright, and others,
under command of Gen. Wade Hampton, who often said pub-
licly ami privately that Cobb's Legion was the best regiment
he knew in the Confederate service. Years after the war
President Davis while at Macon, Ga.. saw this old battle-
scarred flag and embraced it reverently, eulogizing the men
who had borne it and made it famous with their lifeblood.
Later his honored widow in Richmond, Va., stopped the
parade long enough to tearfully salute and passionately em-
brace this famous war relic. This flag is now in the custody
of Col. John Clark, of Augusta, Ga.. who enlisted in the
Richmond Huzzars and was with Gen. T. R. R. Cobb when
he was killed at Fredericksburg. What higher honor could
have crowned Comrade Pittman's life than to have so hero-
ically borne this famous flag that day? We. his survivors,
are proud of him and his noble deeds of daring. We shall
cherish his memory as only comrades can until at last we too
shall "pass over the river and rest under the shade of
the trees"; and his devoted family, who honored him in life,
will cherish his record both in war and in peace as a heritage
love worldly possessions. His name has been written
high on the scroll of fame by his .deeds and in his own blood
and sufferings for the principles of justice, right, and human
b rty.
\\ 1 TON.
W. G. Johnston, who died in Houston, Tex., 0,1 April 1,
'old, was born Mar. in Johnson County, Mo. The
family removed to Fannin County. Tex., in 1R49, and he
enlisted in the Confederate army in April, t86l, as a mem-
ber of Company I-'. nth Regiment, Texas Cavalry, under
Brigadier General Wharton. r Gen. Tom Harri-
son and Cen. Ben McCullocb. The battles and skirmishes
in which he was engaged wen Farmington. Miss.; Rich-
mond. Covington. Big Mill, and Bardstown, Ky.; Murfrees-
boro, Shelbyville, Liberty, Elk River. Cbickamauga, Mis-
sionary Ridge, siege of Knoxville, Mossy Creek Station,
Morristown. Dandridge, Tunnel Hill. Tenn. ; Rome. Resaca,
Dalton, Rice Springs, New Hope Church, Pine Mountain,
Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtrce Creek, siege of Atlanta, in
Georgia; and from Atlanta to the sea. He was wounded at
Murfreesboro, Tenn., January 1. 1863, and was not able for
duty for ninety days; was never transferred or captured;
was paroled at Greensboro, N. C, when Gen. Joseph E.
Johnston surrendered to General Sherman. He arri\
home, in Fannin County. Tex.. July .;. 1865, and was mar-
ried • in January, 1868, to Miss Nancy I-'., l'.raly. and lived
for years in Oklahoma City. Okla.
He was also in the battle of Columbia, S. C, and in nu-
merous small engagements not mentioned in the above; was
111 tin' last battle 1 n 1. J. E. Johnston at Goldsboro,
NT. C, and. last of all. under Gen. Joe Wheeler at Salisbury,
N. C, in the latter pan of \pnl. [865
J. C. B' 1
During the War between the States J. C. Burcb gallantly
served ins countrj in Company C, toth Texas Cavalry, Par-
son's Brigade He was bom in Alabama Novemhet n. [833.
lie was married July 11. 1855. He was a faithful memb
Plainview Camp, No. 1548, U. C. V. His death occur r.
Larkin. Fla , January 1, 1916; and his remains were brought
to Plainview, Tex., where he had formerly lived, for inter-
ment beside his wife. wIm died some years previous. He was a
Christian gentleman, a member of the Methodist Church, and
was highly respected by all who knew him. He had held
positions of trust in Hale County, Tex. Five children sur-
vive him, two sons and three daughters.
[C. W. Tandy, Captain of Commandery; John G. Hamilton,
Adjutant, Plainview Camp, Xo. 1548.]
4iS
C^opfederat^ Ueteraij.
Capt. William Smith Baker.
Capt. William S. Baker, who died at Sedalia, Mo., at the
age of eighty-one years, was one of that city's most highly
respected citizens and enjoyed the friendship and esteem of
all who knew him. He was born at Princeton, Ky., August
12, 1834, the son of Andrew Baker, who removed to Missouri
when the boy was six years of age and settled in St. Clair
County. Later the family went to Benton County, but in
1854 William Baker returned to St. Clair County and was in
business for some years at Osceola. In May, 1861, he en-
listed in the Missouri Militia under General Price, serving
under Capt. J. T. Crenshaw until the latter's resignation, and
in September he was elected captain of his company following
the battle of Lexington. At the close of his term of service
he returned to Osceola and in February, 1862, joined the
regular Confederate forces at Springfield and was assigned to
the company of Captain Buss, in Waldo P. Johnston's bat-
talion, being later appointed sergeant under Capt. John Fer-
guson, quartermaster. After the battle of Pea Ridge, he went
to Van Buren, Ark., and later, with other troops, to Mem-
phis, where the commands of McFarland and Johnson were
tmited. Captain Baker was severely wounded in the battle
of Corinth. After the war he went to Sedalia, Mo., and en-
gaged in business, in which he prospered, and at the time of
his retirement, some twenty-five years ago, he was one of the
city's most substantial citizens. For many years he had been
one of the directors of the Citizens' National Bank.
In 1870 Captain Baker was married to Miss Susan White,
whose death occurred in 1897. A brother and sister survive
him. The funeral services were conducted by the Masonic
fraternity, and the interment was in Crown Hill Cemetery, at
Sedalia.
Capt. J. W. Peowell.
J. W. Provvell, a pioneer resident of the vicinity of Eldo-
rado Springs, Mo., having gone in 1851 to Cedar County from
Kentucky, where he was born March 13, 1827, died at his
home, near that town, on May 21. 1916.
Captain Prowell was one of those heroes who responded
to the call of their country in 1846, and as aid-de-camp to
General Scott he entered the city of Mexico at the head of
the victorious American forces. He also bore a conspicuous
part in the War between the States as captain of Company
D, Walker's Regiment, of Rains's Division.
Captain Prowell was a commanding figure in Cedar County
for the past fifty years, and there are few men within its
borders who did more to reclaim it from a trackless wilder-
ness and transform it into a region of cultivated farms and
happy homes and to keep it abreast with the times in the ad-
vancing march of, development and civilization. He was a
man of energy and great force of character and was always
active in giving his support to all measures and influences
that he believed would promote the moral and social, as well
as the material, welfare of the community in which he re-
sided. Unassuming and ruggedly honest, he always sought
as his highest duty to live up to those ideals of conduct that
are esteemed the crowning virtues of good citizenship, and
he has left behind him an example that will be a heritage of
pride and an incitement to others to lead better and more
useful lives. He was a true friend, a good neighbor, and in
all the relations of life he stood loyally and steadfastly by his
convictions of right and duty. He is survived by two sons
and three daughters.
Dr. Henry Sienknecht.
On the 25th of May, 1916, at his home, at Oliver Springs,
Tenn., Dr. Henry Sienknecht died at the age of seventy-
eight years. He was born March 1. 1838, at Preetz, Holstein,
Germany. At the age of ten years he came with his parents
to the United States, locating at Wartburg, Tenn. His early
education was in Morgan County schools. Later he studied
medicine, graduating
from the Medical
Department of the
old University of
Nashville and the
Medical Department
of the University of
Philadelphia.
At the outbreak of
the War between the
States he was prac-
ticing medicine at
Jamestown, Fentress
County. Tenn. He
volunteered and
joined the first and
only Confederate
company made up in
that county, which
was known as Scott
Bledsoe's independent
company. When the
4th Tennessee Cav-
dr. henry sienknecht. airy Regiment was
formed, commanded
by Baxter Smith and Paul Anderson, this company became
Company I of the regiment. Dr. Sienknecht served during
the entire war in this company and regiment and surrendered
with his command on May 3, 1865, at Charlotte, N. C. There
was no better or truer soldier in the entire army than Dr.
Sienknecht and none more beloved by his comrades. The
survivors of this company always attended the U. C. V. Re-
unions, as well as State and Camp reunions, and Dr. Sienk-
necht was always among them and added much to the en-
joyment of these occasions. It was at a banquet given this
company that Col. John N. Simpson, of Dallas, Tex., stated
that all the honor and glory of old Company I was due to a
very great extent to Dr. Sienknecht and another recently
deceased comrade, Judge John W. Story, of Forrest City,
Ark.
At the close of the war Dr. Sienknecht began the practice
of his profession at or near Robertsville, Tenn. On October
18, 1868, he was married to Miss Barbara Tadlock, of
Robertsville, who survives him with their six children, three
boys and three girls, all of whom have done honor to their
parents and the communities in which they live. About
twenty-five years ago Dr. Sienknecht gave up his practice and
moved to Oliver Springs, Tenn., and went into the general
merchandise business, in which he was unusually successful.
His ideas of business with his fellow man were always based
on honesty and fair dealing. No one stood higher in the
medical profession and in the business world that did Dr.
Sienknecht. and his heart and hand were always open to the
poor and depressed. It is said of him that he never passed
by a call for help from the needy.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
419
Robert Newton Richardson.
Robert Newton Richardson, son of Robert Graves and
Eliza Ratcliff Richardson (who moved from Virginia to Ten-
nessee in 1830), was born in Franklin, Tenn., August 5, 1840.
After a long illness, borne with patience and Christian forti-
tude, he heard "the one clear call," and on March 30, 1915,
he went home to the "Master of all good workmen" with a
record of brave and faithful service in war and in peace. In
May, 1861, "Newt," as he was familiarly called, joined the
Williamson Grays, commanded by Capt. James P. Hanner.
■which afterwards became Company D of Maney's 1st Tennessee
Regiment. As a soldier he was faithful and true, ever ready
for duty. His first service was in the mountains of Virginia
under Gen. R. E. Lee. He was also in the battle of Perry-
ville, Ky. In the spring of 1862 his regiment came back to
the Army of Tennessee just in time for the battle of Shiloh,
From then on he shared the vicissitudes of the gallant army
on the march, in camp, and in battle until he fell most serious-
ly wounded at Missionary Ridge. Then came long suffering
in hospitals, which he bore uncomplainingly. lie served
through the Georgia Campaign, Tennessee Campaign, then
back to North Carolina, where he was one of six to stack
arms out of a company originally composed of one hundred,
many of whom had given their lives on the fields of battle.
Returning home, he went to work and made as true a citi-
zen of a reunited country as he had made a soldier of the
South. He was always affable and kind, ever had a warm
handclasp and pleasant greeting for all, especially for his
former comrades, and was generous and charitable. H( was
for years an officer in the McEwen Bivouac at Franklin. A
consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.
he served as steward forty-six years and many years as trus-
tee. On December 13, 1871. he was united in marriage to
Miss Marienne Hightower Sims, who survives him. He was
laid to rest in beautiful Mount Hope Cemetery.
George Dn 1 \xd.
George Dillard passed away at his home, in Micanopy, Fla.,
July 11. 1016, at the ripe age of eighty-six years. He was
born in Henry County. \'a.. May II, 1X30, and was educated
at Botetourt College, lie married Miss Fannie Virginia Pcnn
in 1855, and to this union were born eleven children, ten girls
and one boy, seven of whom survive him. The last fifteen
years of his life were spent with his daughters at Micanopy.
in easy traveling distance of the others, who frequently visited
him. The devotion of father to children and children to
father was never more pronounced than in this family. His
wife died thirty-four years ago, and he remained ever true to
her memory, devoting himself to the rearing of their children.
Mr. Dillard was a tobacco manufacturer in his native State
until the call came to take up arms in defense of his loved
Southland. He enlisted as a private in Company D, 10th
Virginia Cavalry, was promoted to the rank of sergeant, and
served bis country bravely until honorably discharged at Ap-
pomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865.
In 1S74 Mr. Dillard took bis family to Florida and located
at Gainesville. Five years later he removed to Micanopy and
lived continuously in this vicinity, where he drew unto him-
self many strong friends who feel his demise with sorrowing
hearts. Interment was made in the Micanopy Cemetery. The
casket was draped with the flag of our reunited country, and
after the grave had been completely covered with the many
beautiful floral tributes the escort of veterans inarched around
the grave and placed their flags to form the center line. At
the head were two Confederate flags, the gift of Mrs. Mc-
Creary, the State President U. D. C. Mr. Dillard was not
a member of any Church, but was a believer and a close
student of the Bible. Surely a good man has been removed
from us. and we shall miss him from his accustomed place.
Mrs. J. J. Jones.
( m>t. R. P. Howell.
Capt. R. P. Howell. Confederate soldier and lifelong resi-
dent of Wayne County. X. C, died at Goldsboro on May S.
1916. lie was born January tS, 1840. near Goldsboro, and
there he sjieiit his boyhood and attended the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1856 to 1859. When the
War between the States broke out. he enlisted as a private
in the Goldsboro Rifles and was sent with the company to
garrison Fort Macon, at Beaufort Harbor, N. C. In the
spring of 1862 the company (Company A. 27th North Caro-
lina, under Col. John R. Cooke) was sent to Virginia to
form a part of the force that the authorities were hurriedly
assembling to oppose McClellan's advance up the Peninsula.
rhese fun.-, joined jusl after the battle of Seven Pines and
were assigned to the 1st Reserve Corps under General Huger,
but did not participate in the Seven Days' fighting.
In August, 1862, Col. Joel R. Griffin raised a cavalry regi-
ment, the 62(1 Georgia, recruited from Georgia, North Caro-
lina, and Virginia. The place of captain and assistant quar-
termaster was given to "Phil" Howell. The regiment was
first in the command of Gen. Beverly II. Robertson and after-
wards under Gen. Roger A. Pryor. Until the summer of
1864 this command operate. 1 independently, participating in
the recapture of Plymouth. The regiment was then sent to
Petersburg as a part of Deering's Brigade. W. H. F. Fee's
division. Hampton's Corps. At his own request Captain
Howell was transferred to the forage bureau in the spring of
1865 and assigned to North Carolina, where he was when
Lee surrendered.
In the fall of 1865 Captain Howell went to Mississippi and
tried farming. In 1866 he married Gabriella K. Douglass, a
daughter of Rev. J. E. Douglass, the ceremony taking place
at Marshall Institute In 1R68 he went back to Goldsboro
and there engaged in farming and banking. His wife died
in 10 14, and two years later, at the age of seventy-six years,
he followed her and was laid to rest on Memorial Day, the
day so sacred to him. with its precious memories. He left a
family of eight sons and daughters, two being officers in the
United States army.
Samuel C. Sutphen.
Samuel C. Sutphen was born October 25. 1842, in Maury
County. Tenn., and moved to Nacogdoches, Tex., in June,
1850. He married Annie Oxshur on January 18, 1871, in
rdoches County, Tex. To this union were born twelve
children, six of whom survive him He enlisted in the Con-
federate army in 1861 and served throughout the war, first
as a member of Company G, 8th Texas Infantry, commanded
by Col. Overton Young. He was afterwards transferred to
Company H, 4th Texas Cavalry, commanded by Colonel
Hardeman. He was a true soldier, never known to violate a
single moral law, and after his return home at the close of
the war he became a member of the Methodist Church and
lived an exemplary Christian life to the end, which came on
the 23d day of June, 1916.
4-0
Qonfederat^ l/eteran.
XTiniteb ^Daughters of tbe Confeberac^
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odexheimer, President General
Washington. D. C.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal First Vice President General
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsk y, Troy, Ala Set on J I 'ice President General
Mrs. LULU A. Lovell, Denver, Colo Third Vice President General
Mrs. F. M. WILLIAMS, Xewton, N. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Savannah, Ga Corresponding Secretary General
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va Treasurer General
Mrs. Orlando HALLIBURTON, Little Rock, Ark Registrar General
Miss Mii.dkkd Ruthbr i-uuFi, Athene, Ga Historian General
MRS. JOHN W. Tench, Gainesville. Fla Custodian Cross of Honor
Mrs. W. K. Bears, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian Flags and Pennants
*f^£ot>tr Jffa/ros 9/f*emory <5tar-na/ "
FROM THE PRESIDEXT GENERAL.
Dear Daughters: This is a day of intense, widespread ac-
tivity of woman. She is conspicuous in every walk of life, in
every country of the globe. In a large sense is she doing the
world's work. The organizations through which she effects
much of this work are many in number, large in membership
and potent in achievement.
The United Daughters of the Confederacy is one of these
prominent organizations of women of which its members may
well be proud, and it is with the view of arousing each in-
dividual composing it to a proper sense of her duty toward
it that I am penning these lines. We should have at least one
thousand active members — members who have paid their dues
and who are enthusiastic over our work and aims — and we
should keep before us living issues, lofty humanitarian issues,
in addition to the work in which we have hitherto engaged.
Within two months we will gather in annual convention in
Dallas, Tex., and the interim should be employed in arousing
interest and increasing membership. Every Daughter should
at least pay her Chapter and Division dues, and endeavor
both to add a new member and to arouse the interest of some
member who has lagged. All purely personal feelings should
be set aside and every thought and effort concentrated upon
the welfare and upbuilding of the general organization.
The sessions of the coming convention will be confined
strictly to business and, as far as practicable, a verbatim re-
port of the proceedings furnished in the annual minutes.
Therefore I urge delegates to come prepared as to what they
wish to say and what they wish to accomplish, so that the
time of the convention and the space of the minutes may be
economized. I appeal for full attendance at all sessions, for
in that way only can we obtain results and find time for the
social features that the very hospitable Daughters of Dallas
are planning for us.
Practically all of the organizations to which I have alluded
publish periodicals bearing on their work at yearly subscrip-
tions up to three dollars and with deficits in some cases of
several thousand dollars to be paid out of their general treas-
uries. In the Confederate Veteran we have an organ at the
minimum cost of one dollar a year, to which is attached no
further obligation, and it should be supported by every one
who can possibly afford the small subscription price.
I have most encouraging news for you regarding the mag-
nificent monument we have been working for to be placed on
the Shiloh battle field. Our Director General, Mrs. Alexan-
der B. White, writes me that she expects the unveiling will
be in October and that four thousand dollars more will pay
for it in full. Directors, send in your funds to Mrs. Roy W.
McKinney, Treasurer Shiloh Monument Fund, Paducah, Ky.,
by October I ; and, Daughters, strain every effort to make
your donations such that the sums sent by the Directors will
pay every cent due.
Daughters, on July 4, 1914, the Arlington Confederate
monument was unveiled and presented by us to the United
States government in memory of our Confederate dead. I
am going to ask you to read pages 41-44 of the Savannah
minutes. When you realize that the amount due is a debt of
honor, I know I shall not have to make another appeal. At
the close of our work at Dallas a new year begins. We
should commence that year with Arlington wiped off our
slate. The price of a soda water from each one of you will
do it.
Bear in mind that the per capita lax was due March 1 and
that no taxes will be received later than thirty days before the
assembling of the General Convention (Article IX., Section
2). Remember, the elements are often responsible for delays
in mail, so provide against calamities by not waiting until the
last moment. Division Presidents, let it be your pride that
not a Chapter in your Division is reported delinquent. Im-
press upon your Chapters the importance of properly attend-
ing to their credential blanks. (By-law 1, Section 3.)
In Dallas to greet us will be Mrs. J. C. Muse, who as Mrs.
Katie Cabell Currie was our Second Vice President General
in 1894 and President General in 1897 and 1898; Mrs. Cor-
nelia Branch Stone, President General in 1907 and 1908 ; Mrs.
Mollie R. Macgill Rosenberg. First Vice President General
in 1901 and 1902 ; and Mrs. Mary E. Bryan, Second Vice
President General in 1909 and 1910. These Texas women
endeared themselves to us all. and we should show them by
our actions the deep appreciation we have of their early
guidance of our society.
Faithfully yours, Cordelia Powell Odenheimer,
President General.
THE KENTUCKY DIVISION.
BY MRS. LINDSAY PENDLETON CLELAND, WINCHESTER.
The twentieth annual convention of the Kentucky Division,
U. D. C, will be held in Lexington on September 20 and 21.
The business meetings will be held in the ballroom of the
Phoenix Hotel, and that hotel will be headquarters for the
delegates. The Lexington Chapter will be hostess for the
convention. As that city is in the heart of the blue-grass sec-
tion, many delegates and visitors are expected.
Mrs. Polk Prince, of Guthrie, President of the Division,
will preside.
Miss Mildred Rutherford, of Athens, Ga., Historian Gen-
eral U. D. C, will be present for this meeting and will speak
on Historical Evening.
There will be an informal reception on Tuesday evening,
the 19th, when the hostess Chapter will receive all visitors in
the parlors of the hotel. Many social functions have been
arranged, but will not conflict with business meetings.
Qopfederat^ l/eterat).
421
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney. Treasurer, from
July i to August i, 1916.
Arkansas: Mildred Lee Chapter, Fayetteville, $5; Varina
J. Davis Chapter, Fort Smith, $5. Total, $10.
California: Joseph Leconte Chapter, $4.50; Sterling Price
Chapter, $10. Total, $14.50.
Florida : Martha Reid Chapter, Jacksonville, $10.
Georgia: Sidney Lanier Chapter. Macon. $10.
Illinois : Stonewall Chapter, Chicago, $25.
Mississippi: Mr. W. W. Johnson (personal, presented
through Mrs. Alexander B, White 1. Panther Bum, $50.
Missouri: Wade Hampton Chapter. $2; Mrs. Charles P.
Hough (personal), Jefferson City. $10. Total. $12.
North Carolina : Check from Director, $94.60.
South Carolina: Wade Hampton Chapter. Columbia, $10:
John D. Kennedy Chapter, Camden, $10: Fish Dam Ch
Carlisle, $2.50; S. D. Barrow Chapter, Rock Hill, $5.55 ; M
C. Butler Chapter. Columbia, $5 : Lancaster Chapter, $10 ;
Calvin Crozier Chapter, Newberry, $25; O. M. Dantzler Chap-
ter. St. Matthews, $5; Fairfax Chapter. $2.25; Dick Anderson
Chapter, Sumter, $20; Pickens Chapter, $2; Francis Marion
Chapter. Bamberg, $5; Drayton Rutherford Chapter, New
berry, $10; John Hames Chapter, Jonesville, $5; Ann White
Chapter, Rock Hill, $6.35: Cheraw Chapter, $4; Edgefield
Chapter. $10; St. Matthews Chapter, $5; Vbbeville Chapter.
$5; St. George Chapter, $2; South Carolina Division, I". D. C,
$25: Joseph Devant, mascot of M. C Butler Chapter, $1;
Alexander McQueen Chapter. C. of C. Sumter. $1 ; Ciemson
College Chapter. C. of C. $2.50; N. R. Forrest Chapter, C.
of C. Marion, $1.50; J. I'".. B. Stuart Chapter. C. of C.
Marion, $2.50: Mary Ann Jackson Chapter, C of C, Lan-
caster, $3. Total, $186.15. .
Tennessee: Miss Lucy Williams I personal 1, Memphis. $5;
Miss Frances Williams (personal). Memphis, $5. Total. $10.
lexas: Col. R. B. Levy Chapter. Longview, $5.
Virginia: Williamsburg Chapter. $5: Mr. I. L. Christian
(personal), Richmond, $5; Amelia Chapter. $5; Ann Eliza
Johns Chapter. Danville, $3; Bethel Chapter, Newport News,
$10: Culpeper Chapter, $3: Fredericksburg Chapter. $15;
Greenville Chapter, Emporia, $5.75: Hope-Maury Chapter,
Norfolk, $5; Kirkwood Otey Chapter, Lynchburg, $5; Rad-
ford Chapter. $10; William R. Terry Chapter. Bedford City.
$2; Ye Olde Arlington Chapter, Eastville, $10: William Watts
Auxiliary, Roanoke, $10; Bristol Chapter. $5: Old Dominion
Chapter. Lynchburg. $16.37; Blackstone Chapter. $5. Total,
$120.12.
I otal collections since last report. $547.3".
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report, $9,619.48.
Total in hands of Treasurer to date. $10,166.85.
ARLINGTON MONUMENT ASSOCIATION.
Treasurer's Report for Month Ending July 31, 1916.
Receipts.
Mrs. Clementine W. Boles, Director for Arkan-
sas, A. C. M. A. :
James F. Fagan Chapter. No. 1200. (J. D. C.$ 2 00
W. C. Cabell Chapter, No. 248, U. D. C... 1 00
Varina J. Davis Chapter. No. 252, U. D. C 5 00 — $ 8 00
Shawnee Chapter, No. 1443. U. D. C. Shaw-
nee. Okla 1 00
Fairfax Chapter. No. 1250, U. D. C, Fairfax,
S. C $ 1 50
Mrs. Thomas W. Keitt. Director for South
Carolina. A. C. M. A. :
Wade Hampton Chapter. No. 29. U. D. C..$io 00
Miry \nna Jackson Chapter, C. of C 5 00
St. Matthews Chapter. No. 058. I". D. C 5 00
Edgefield Chapter. No. 1018. U. D. C 5 00
Lancaster Chapter, No. 462, U. D. C 5 00
Marlboro Chapter, No. 288. U. D. C 5 00
F. M. Bamberg Chapter. No. 71. L". D. C... 5 00
Pickens Chapter, No. 656, U. D. C 5 00
J. B. Kershaw Chapter, No. 216, U. D. C. . . . 5 00
Edward Croft Chapter, Xo. 144. I'. DC. 5 00
William Easley Chapter, No. 1350. U. D. C. 5 00
Dixie Chapter, No. 395, U. D. C 5 00
\rihur Manigault Chapter. No. 63. U. D. C. 1 70
John Hamer Chapter, No. 493. U. D. C... 2 00
Chestei Chapter, No 234. I' D. C 300
Ciemson College Chapter, C. of C 2 50
Abbeville Chapter. No. 62, LJ. D. C 2 00
St. George Chapter. No. 1035. U. D. C 2 00
South Carolina Division. U. D. C 2500
Mrs. Charles B. Coxe 25 00
Mrs. Caroline Sinkler 5 00
Julia Sinkler 5 00 — 138 20
Interest credited on deposits 2 4S
Total for month of July, 1916 $151 lS
Balance on hand July 1. 1916 52828
Total to be accounted for $679 46
Expenditures.
Sir Moses Ezekiel, on account $50000
Balance on hand August 1. 1016 '79 46
Total accounted for $679 46
Wallace Streater. Treasurer.
THE NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION.
BY MRS. MARY BENNETT LITTLE, PRESIDENT, WADESBORO.
I he North Carolina Division is hard at work and hopes by
convention time to show a finished memorial to Gen. Stone-
wall Jackson, which takes the shape of a granite arch across
the National Highway that runs through the grounds of the
Stonewall Jackson Training School, our State Reformatory
for white boys at Concord, N. C. This arch furnishes a
bridge over the twelve-foot roadway and will be a unique and
splendid monument.
Mrs. Philip Holt, State Leader for the Children of the Con-
icy, makes offer of a banner at Dallas. (See the Presi-
dent General's letter in the August Confederate Veteran.)
1 In June 22 the President of the North Carolina Division
attended the presentation to Statuary Hall of the statue of
North Carolina's War Governor. Her stay in Washington
u;is made more memorable by the companionship of the Presi-
dent General, whose fine sense, good heart, tact, and faithful
work are rapidly helping our organization to grow in the
knowledge and esteem of the public. A visit with her to the
office of the women's branch of the Army and Navy League
showed the truly remarkable work going on for our soldiers
our Red Cross League having been so generous to the rest of
the world that supplies for home use are short. Mrs. Oden-
42.
C^oi>federat^ l/eterai),
heimer took a course of instruction in one of the women's
training camps, and she confided to me that her "long suit"
was cooking.
At the last State convention the President inaugurated a
Division scrapbook which has since grown to triplets. Miss
Jessica Smith is the enthusiastic custodian of these books,
which will some day be beyond price. One volume is filled
with original letters written by the greatest of our generals
and men of the sixties and were a personal gift to Miss Smith
from the widow of Col. Wharton J. Green, of Fayetteville.
My love to the Daughters, and I am looking forward to
seeing you in Dallas.
IfMstorian General's Ipaoe
BY MISS MILDRED LEWIS RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, GA.
Orders are coming daily for "Sketches of Jefferson Davis
and Abraham Lincoln," but no funds have been found avail-
able as yet to have the pamphlet printed. It is hoped, how-
ever, that it can be done and placed in the hands of the chil-
dren who are to write essays in school about these two men
in September. Notice is given that if the pamphlet is ever
printed these orders will be filled. Many Chapters and in-
dividuals have ordered speeches to be sent at once, but have
forgotten to inclose postage. It is not right to let this ex-
pense fall upon the U. D. C. or upon the Historian General.
There still remain on hand some copies of the following:
"The South in the Building of the Nation." Extra edition.
Washington, 1912. Ten cents.
"Thirteen Periods of United States History." Extra edi-
tion. New Orleans, 1913. Ten cents.
"Wrongs of History Righted." First edition. Savannah,
1914. One cent.
"Historical Sins of Omission." Extra edition. San Fran-
cisco, 1915. Ten cents.
"What the South May Claim." Special edition. Ten cents.
"Memorial Edition of Banner." Edition by Memorial As-
sociation. Ten cents.
"Programs of U. D. C. and C. of C." One cent.
"Open Letter for 1916." One cent.
The Historian General asks that stamps accompany all or-
ders.
Special Request. — Many manuscripts are being sent to the
Historian General to complete the volumes referred to on
page 35 of "What the South May Claim," but not on au-
thorized size of paper and much of it not typewritten (see
size of paper, page 30 of "What the South May Claim"), so
that it will not fit binder and thus makes the completion of
certain volumes impossible. The Historian General will
greatly appreciate attention to these matters, so that when
her term of office expires all will be found ready for the
new incumbent.
STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL.
So many inquiries came to Miss Rutherford regarding the
figures to be placed on the Stone Mountain monument that
as Historian General of the U. D. C. she wrote to Mr.
Borglum for the desired information. In reply he said:
"My Dear Miss Rutherford: I thank you for your letter.
I am very glad you have asked the questions. They have
been asked a number of times, but not really officially.
"First, let me say this: I have no understanding but that
this is to be a great Confederate memorial. It is a memorial
to the Confederacy and to no one else. It would be improper
and inconsistent and out of place to put upon that memorial
a statue or portrait of Lincoln. Jefferson Davis will be in
the main group with Lee and Jackson. That was one of the
first decisions, as nearly as 1 remember regarding the ar-
rangement, and has been repeated again and again in the
committee. I think that covers your two questions.
"I have stated two or three times publicly that the whole
world and all America were interested in and honored the
Confederate heroes and that the North delighted in speaking
of their valor as the valor of Americans. That is possibly
what has given currency to the phrase. But this is to be a
Confederate memorial purely and simply, and I am thinking
of nothing else, and I have heard no one else suggest anything
else.
"Sincerely yours, Gutzon Borglum."
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR OCTOBER, 1916.
Southern Textbooks.
(Answers to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 29-38.)
Ritual.
1. Why should we stress the use of textbooks true to the
South?
2. What per cent of the books now in use are unjust to the
South ?
3. What did Dr. Curry say in regard to history as now
written?
4. How was Horace Greeley's "American Conflict" unjust
to the South?
5. How has the South suffered through misrepresentation
abroad?
15. How did the students of a Southern college act when
an unjust textbook was not changed?
7. What is the object of the Historical Committee of the
U. D. C?
8. Have any books been written at the North by Northern
men that are just to the South?
9. Give some instances of injustice that have caused the
Veterans and Daughters to take active measures to right.
10. Where is the danger from the book trust?
11. What injustice has been done to Southern literature?
12. Name some books that should be in every Southern
library.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR OCTOBER, 1916.
Manassas and Gettysburg.
Ritual.
1. Where was the first battle of the Confederacy fought?
Who won?
2. Where was the first defeat?
3. What kept General Lee from going on to Washington?
4. When did General Lee say he had lost his right arm?
5. Who was it that told General Lee to go to the rear, or
they would not fight?
6. In what battle was the charge made by Pickett's men ?
7. Read Pickett's "Charge at Gettysburg."
Reading: "The Jacket of Gray."
Reading: "Tell the Boys the War Is Over."
Reading: "The Land Where We Were Dreaming."
Reading: "Lee to the Rear."
Qoi)federat<£ l/eterai).
4-^3
Gonfefcerateb Southern /Ifcemorial Hssociation
Mrs, W. J. Beii an President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwei.i Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Maky A. Hall Historian
1105^ IV Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
113 Third Street South, Richmond, V.i.
• Iks. Virginia Fkazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Next i ..»
VICE PRESIDENTS
Ai An am a — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Le«
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia — Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. "Wilson
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James DinKins
Mississippi — Vxcksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missolri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. "Warner
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert I I.Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Frazer
Virginia— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
ntion to be held in Birmingham, Ala
THE CONFEDERATE MUSEUM.
BY MRS. JOHN MASON. RECORDING SECRETARY CONFEDERATE
MEM0RIA1 LITERARY SOCIETY, RICHMOND, V.\.
It is almost iritc to say that the South's richest heritage is
its history of the valor of her Confederate soldiers, with thi ii
uiidung devotion to the land of their birth Usually out
numbered, half starved for three years, often
scantily clad, they nut the foe with undaunted courage. It
is. therefore, not surprising thai we have read in the Feb-
ruary Vi 11 ran a long list of memorial monuments and mark-
ers erected at different places where the soil 1 with
the blood of our heroes. Arlington monument, that wonder
fully artistic work of .1 Southern sculptor, ranks with the
world's great memorials. Shiloh monument fund is steadily
nearing completion, and we read in the April Veteran of
yet another Confederate Monument Association just formed
for Stone Mountain. It is a wonderful conception. .1 colossal
undertaking, hut worthy of the cause.
Now, while all the great and good plans arc being suc-
cessfully carried out we have another sacred duty which adds
luster to these memorials, and that is in keeping the true his
torv of the Confederacy, with the brave deeds of its soldiers.
ever before the people. I his history is carefully preserved in
the Confederate Museum at Richmond, Va., the White Housi
of the Confederacy. Its walls are covered with portraits of
our soldiers, its cases teem with relics and memorials of
those four yards, and, best of all, its library contains inval-
uable data of that period which will guide the historian or
any student in the right course. The South's standards are
there emphasized, and the stranger who studies that data
will see the justice of the cause and the heroic mold of our
great leaders.
In starting this Museum Richmond loyally gave the build-
ing and grounds, by no means an insignificant gift, be it re-
membered. The fifteen rooms and hallways are the special
care of fifteen regents representing the Southern States.
Each State, therefore, has its own memorials, as well as its
responsibilities, in raising an endowment fund for its room
to assure the perpetuity of the Museum It is determined
by the society in charge, called the "Confederate Memorial
Literary Society," that $3,000 is required for each room as an
endowment. Would any Southern State hesitate to raise in-
dividually, by legislative appropriation or otherwise, so mod-
erate a sum for the perpetual preservation of the invaluable
contents of the Confederate Museum. It seems incredible
that each State would not hasten to secure this needed en-
dowment for its own room, which holds so many memorials
of its brave troops for the world to see. Within the past
«ighteen months eleven thousand visitors have been recorded.
With studied economy the Confederate Memorial Literary
Society has held the Museum's expenses down to a minimum,
but its steady growth, entailing much heavier expense, is
making greater income necessary; therefore the regents of
the different States should now be given the aid required for
an endow incut.
Monuments will have a to our children
and children's children when at the Confederate Museum,
which if, the data for the history true of the South
is furnished This Museum, then, is one of our best monu-
ments to the soldier and sailor alike, the rank and file of our
Confederate forces.
Look to it, comrades, Mem mil women, Daughters, Sons,
and the South at large, that after a score of years struggling
to preserve our glorious history and to disseminate it to the
world the Confederate .Museum's perpetuity is to be assured
in the near future.
LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW
ORLEANS.
B1 MRS. JOHN G HARRISON, RECORDING SECRETARY.
On May 10, 1016. in New Orleans, La., was celebrated the
fiftieth anniversary of the Ladies' Memorial \
Away back in 1866 organizations to help the Confederate
soldiers were formed all over the Southern States, and the
membership of each has continued loyal to its trust; for as
year followed year they remained true to the memory of the
hoys and men who won the gray, whether lofty or lowly, and
are still found faithful to the surviving heroes wdio stand be-
fore the world in the light of a glory never surpassed. Mrs.
J. Enders Robinson paid a glowing tribute to these associa-
tions at the U. C. V. and C. S. M. A. conventions held in
Richmond. Va., in May, 1915, when she asked: "Where would
the women of the future find the truth and inspiration for
their annual gatherings if it were not for these Memorial
Associations? All must look back to 1866 for both truth and
inspiration, finding there the beginning of a work such as
the world has never known, finding there twenty Memorial
Associations standing in the smoldering ashes of four years'
ruin and desolation, showing the way along every line of
benevolent, charitable, and memorial work that has been car-
ried forward for the last fifty years."
The history of the Ladies' Memorial Association of Louisi-
ana dates back to May 10, 1866. it having been formed under
the name of the Ladies' Benevolent Association of Louisiana
and was allowed to take its rightful name only when General
Butler and his forces were withdrawn from the State, for
424
Qopfederat^ Veterai;
anything with "Confederate" attached was tabooed and con-
sidered traitorous. Down through the aisle of time, with
its long record of honorable years of active service, it has
passed the milestones of decade after decade and to-day-
stands in the sunburst splendor of fifty golden dawns. A
program filled with numbers offered by professional artists
was presented, and Col. Lewis Guion, a chivalrous Confed-
erate veteran of the Army of Tennessee, whose family has
ior generations been illustrious in the history of the State,
»vas appointed chairman. Prof. John YV. Caldwell, of the
Army of Northern Virginia, in a patriotic oration addressed
the large audience gathered to pay homage to this sterling
association, of which New Orleans is justly proud. The
Confederate flag captured during the war and returned by
the city of Boston through its mayor and presented to the
organization by Hon. Martin Behrman, mayor of the city of
New Orleans, who in turn gave it into the keeping of the
Louisiana Historical Association ; and henceforth its resting
place will be in Confederate Memorial Hall, the spot hal-
lowed by sacred memories. Thirty certificates of life mem-
bership were presented to those fulfilling all requirements.
Several choruses were sung — "Dixie." "Bonnie Blue Flag."
"Auld Lang Syne," and "America." Mrs. W. J. Behan was
the recipient of many beautiful floral offerings, including a
wreath of laurel, as evidence of the esteem and admiration
of her coworkers whom she has led with honor for the past
sixteen years. The gold pin of the Association, with a pansy
stick pin attached-i-the flower emblem of the organization —
was also a gift of love and appreciation. This golden day
will always be a happy memory to one and all.
MRS. V. Y. COOK— AN APPRECIATION.
Mrs. Mildred Ophelia Cook, wife of Col. Virgil Y. Cook,
born February 23, 1850, at Randolph, Tenn., on the Mississippi
River, near where Fort Pillow now is, was the daughter of
Capt. Enos Lamb, a Mississippi River steamboat master, and
came to Jacksonport. Ark., on White River, with her parents
in 1853, where on June 29. 187 1, she was married to Colonel
Cook. She died at their home, in Batesville, Ark., July 6.
1916.
Her father was steamboating on White River when the
War between the States came, when most of the steamboatmen
entered the Confederate service ; but Captain Lamb, being then
an old man, did not enter the army. Later, when the Federals
gained control of White River, Captain Lamb was eagerly and
persistently sought by the Federals, with the enticing tempta-
tion of eight hundred dollars per month, which they finally
raised to one thousand dollars, to pilot the leading steamer
of their fleet in transporting troops and munitions.
This offer Captain Lamb declined, although his family
stood greatly in need of the necessities of life, as also did all
other families in the vicinity.
Finally the Federals became insistent and demanded his
services on the river, when he removed to the country, hop-
ing to evade them.
Later a Federal scouting party, led and commanded by the
notorious Capt. William McCulloch, a man living in the
vicinity, who had joined the Federals and was everywhere
oppressing Southern sympathizers with a heavy hand and
remorselessly, captured Captain Lamb at the latter's residence
one night for the purpose of forcing him into their service
on the river. Captain Lamb frankly told them that as an
alternative he would cheerfully go to prison, but that he
would in no wise aid the enemies of his country.
Captain McCulloch for once and only once relented, so far
as we have knowledge, and left Captain Lamb with his fam-
ily, and Ik- was never afterwards molested.
MRS. V. Y. COOK AT THE AGE OF FORTY-EIGHT. •
They were both Masons, and both have since the war dis-
cussed the matter with the writer hereof.
Mrs. Cook was early imbued with an infallible loyalty to
the South, and no woman of this beautiful Southland was
more patriotic. She was an ardent U. D. C, but was pre-
vented from an active participation in that association on ac-
count of deafness ; but her whole heart always went forth in
sympathy and love to the Confederate soldier and the prin-
ciples for which he fought.
When the Spanish War came, in 1808, she graciously and
patriotically sanctioned and encouraged Colonel Cook in en-
tering the war at the head of the 2d Arkansas Infantry, a
large percentage of which were sons, grandsons, brothers, and
nephews of Confederate soldiers.
For many years she was a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, South, and knew the companionship of her
Saviour ; and how we crave for each of us that when we are
called hence we may have such a useful, pure record to leave
behind us and such a hopeful, cloudless future before us !
The following Confederate veterans were honorary pall-
bearers at her burial: James P. Coffin, Theodore Maxfield,
T. B. Padgett, T. W. Williams, E. L. Hogan, G. R. Martin.
Judge S. A. Hail, Rev. F. M. Smith, Franklin Perrin. W. C.
Williams. P. J. Young. Rev. Z. T. Griffin.
"Soft be the touch upon this tablet's snow,
Around whose verge the violets shall blow
And love keep vigil while the lilies blow."
Qoi}federat^ l/eterai}.
425
A TRIBUTE.
BY MRS. LAURA W. S. BUTLER, ARKADELPHIA, ARK.
Too often we wait until noble lives are ended, until those we
love and wish to honor cannot know how much they are ap-
preciated, how well they have lived. Of such noble lives is
that of Mrs. Elizabeth Scott Horton, who was born in Moores-
ville, Ala., in 1834, and is still living, at Holly Springs, Ark.,
not far from her old home, Fairview Plantation.
Being her sister, I was often in the home of Mrs. Horton
during the first years of the war; and from April, 1864, until
the close of the war my home was continually in her house.
Here I saw her unselfish devotion to her beloved South
Her husband was a member of Capt. Rubin Reed's company
(B), in a regiment of Arkansas volunteers under General
Dickery, Trans-Mississippi Department, and he served through
the war. Left at home with four small children and the
negroes, with no neighbor in calling distance, this brave,
patriotic woman, only twenty-six years old, managed the farm
and the farm work, besides caring for every soldier that need-
ed her care. Her negroes planted and cultivated as much
land as when their master was at home, but cultivated ( I
cotton to make clothing for the family, the negroes, and the
soldiers. Corn, wheat, potatoes, sorghum, turnips, and other
vegetables were raised in abundance. Soon the blockade of
our ports stopped all imports of cloth into the South; and
Southern women kept wheels and looms busy day and night
making cloth, both woolen and cotton. When any of Price's,
Shelby's, or Marmaduke's men camped in her neighborhood,
Mrs. Horton always kept her table ready-set; and no matter
what hour, day or night, a hungry soldier came, he was taken
to the dining room and a good meal set before him.
MRS. ELIZABETH SCOTT HORTON.
There was always a piece of cloth in the loom. I have
reason to know, for my work was combing back the threads
behind the loom. The warping bars were no sooner bare
than another piece of cloth had to be warped. Besides cloth,
gloves and socks were knit, to be ready when there was any
call for them ; and if a soldier came home on a furlough, all
the mothers, wives, sisters, and sweethearts had something
for him to take back to the loved ones at the front. All
night long these women would sew and knit to make clothing,
blankets, and even cloth caps for the soldiers. Around the
fire at night in the long winter months Mrs. Horton would
knit while she helped her two older children with their les-
sons or watched us as we molded bullets by the thousand to
send to our men. Our only light was the pine fire or the
tallow candle shining from the old candlestick on the mantel.
The hum of the wheel and the clack, clack of the loom, and
the swish, swish of the winding blades as we hanked the
threads to warp for the loom, never ceased during the day
and went far into the night. The negro woman who did the
weaving was sent to her cabin early, and Mrs. Horton would
take her place at the loom.
After Price's raid into Missouri, a regiment of Missourians
camped near Fairview Plantation. During cold weather every
bed that could be spared was occupied by the Confederate
soldiers, and often pallets were made on the floor for the
accommodation of the men. The dining table was always full
of something good to eat for them. Among the Missourians
thus cared for were Thad George, Morgan Dillingham, Tom
Willis, Mr. Frazier, Mr. Morgan, Dr. Wallis, and Dr. Folden.
Others who frequented Mrs. Horton's were Sam Campbell
and Tom Whitman, both Confederate spies in Shelby's com-
mand. All of these soldiers would be glad to testify to this
noble, patriotic woman's unselfish devotion to the cause of
secession. One of these soldiers, Thad George, was a tall,
ungainly youth of eighteen years. When he left the dining
room, he backed out, which surprised us until we found that
his pants were even more ragged in the rear than in front.
Mrs. Horton had a piece of pink checked woolen lindsey in the
loom to weave for her three girls a dress apiece. It was the
only cloth available; and as the regiment might receive march-
ing orders any minute, she cut the cloth out of the loom and,
getting Mr. George's measure, cut and made him a pair of
pants and a shirt, with Mrs. Hannah Abbott's help, ready for
him to put on the next morning, but she had to sew all night.
There were no sewing machines, and every stitch was made
willi the fingers. Mr. George seemed to appreciate his
clothes as much as if they were of Confederate gray and
tailor-made.
With Mrs. Horton in this great work for the Confederacy
were her neighbors, Mrs. Tennie Dawdy, Mrs. William Dunn,
Mrs. John Craig, Mrs. John Cain, Mrs. Sue Evans, and
others. One soldier, Mr. Warren Rush, was suffering from
granulated eyelids, and the surgeon of the regiment said that
he could cure him if he had a place to stay and some one to
nurse him during the six weeks he must be kept in a dark
room. Mrs. Horton cared for him until he was able to go
back to his command. All over the South just such women
as these sacrificed comfort and even lives for the cause of
the Confederacy.
Mrs. Horton lives with her daughter and is remarkably
strong and active, helping about the housework and doing
beautiful fancywork.
426
Qoi}federat^ l/eteraij.
80N3 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized is Jl'ly, 1S96, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief. Ernest O. Bildwin, Ronnnke, Va.
Adjutant in Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
S. C. V.— "STRICTLY HISTORICAL AND BENEVO-
LENT."
BY LLOYD T. EVERETT, BALLSTON, VA.
We learn from history that the Constitution of the United
States was framed and adopted to protect the minority from
encroachment, usurpation, and oppression by the majority.
(Among the authorities on this point, see James Madison and
Robert Y. Hayne.) To make assurance doubly sure, the
Southern statesmen long contended for a strict construction
of the powers delegated to the majority by the Constitution.
It was against the unconstitutional encroachments of the
majority that the Kentucky and the Virginia resolutions
were drafted, respectively, by Jefferson and Madison ; that
South Carolina at the time of the nullification crisis in 1832-
33 took her determined stand with Calhoun and Hayne; that
the Southern States seceded in 1860-61. And just as the
acts of the majority in defiance of constitutional limitations
in matters of State caused the disruption of the Union be-
tween certain of the States, so during the same period did
the majority in certain great Church organizations of the
country, by going outside the proper bounds of their Church
govermental functions and attempting to make negro slavery
or the question of the central government's supreme authority
a moral, religious, or '"patriotic" issue, drive forth earnest
Christian men and loyal patriots of the South and lead to
schisms that exist to this day.
The constitution of the Sons of Confederate Veterans de-
clares (Article 2, Section 2) that "the objects and purposes
of this organization shall be strictly 'historical and benevo-
lent.' " Now, "historical," according to Webster's Dictionary,
signifies "of or pertaining to history, or the record of past
events." And "benevolent," under the same high authority, is
synonymous with "charitable." The twofold object of the ex-
istence of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, then, is to pre-
serve the record of the Confederate past and to aid the Con-
federate needy, all as set forth at length in the succeeding
sections of Article 2 of the Confederation's constitution.
In the Confederation are earnest, loyal Sons who, it may be,
honestly believe it to be their patriotic duty as citizens and
voters to advocate a departure from the settled policy of the
United States by the adoption and maintenance of a huge navy
and a large standing army ; others among them may favor,
say, strict child la"bor legislation by Congress (as a measure
of true, fundamental moral and physical "preparedness") or
national prohibition, the single tax, the initiative and referen-
dum. Other Sons, equally earnest and loyal, believe, with
Washington, Jefferson, and Mason of early days, with
Kitchin, Bryan, and Vardaman of to-day, in a modest navy
that will not tempt us to wars of aggression and conquest
(a navy supplemented with good coast defenses), protected,
as we are, by a natural wall of water three miles across.
They also, with these honored leaders of the present and the
past, are eternally opposed to a large standing army as dan-
gerous to liberty and would rely upon a well-trained militia
as the true defense of a free people. Or, again, other earnest
and loyal members of the S. C. V. may be honestly opposed
to Federal child labor laws, to prohibition, to the initiative
and referendum, etc.
These all have equal right to their respective views as citi-
zens. But none of these questions has any proper place,
one way or the other, in the S. C. V. as an organization. To
seek to introduce them at Camp or Reunion is to encroach
upon the individual rights of members just as much as if the
organization should undertake to say what religion or Church
it favored or whether its members should or should not be-
long to the Masons or other secret beneficiary society. Such
action is but to violate the organization's "strictly" limited
constitutional bounds of historical and benevolent endeavor
and to throw to the winds the historic Southern doctrine of
strict construction of constitutional provisions; it is but to
follow the North's mad example of ruthless disregard of
minority rights and to introduce needless friction and dis-
cord into the order and invite division or disruption.
Jingo, pacificist, and old-fashioned rational defense advo-
cate, Protestant, Catholic, Jew and unbeliever, advocates and
opponents of secret beneficiary societies, of prohibition, child
labor legislation, or tax reform, etc. — all alike have right to
membership in the Sons of Confederate Veterans, without
having their beliefs and practices in these matters passed
upon one way or the other by the organization. And if the
majority rides roughshod over them, they then have the same
right as had our Revolutionary and Confederate fathers —
separation or withdrawal from the bond of bald usurpation
and intolerable tyranny.
Before the Sons of Confederate Veterans go any farther
in the way of taking corporate action on questions of cur-
rent politics, sociology, public policy, or what not under the
specious plea of "patriotism," had they not better refresh
their memories on the history of majority usurpation and
minority protest and thereupon and thenceforth hew strictly
to the line of their constitutional powers?
PLANNING FOR THE REUNION IN WASHINGTON.
BY W. E. BROCKMAN, COMMANDANT WASHINGTON CAMP,
S. C. V.
"Veterans First" is the slogan that has been adopted by
the committee in charge of the Reunion convention of the
Veterans and Sons of Veterans to be held in Washington,
D. C, in May or June, 1917. This Reunion is to be the grand-
est ever held in the history of our organization. The nation's
capital stands with open arms to receive the men who wore
the gray in 1861-65 and is eager to have them accept and
enjoy its hospitality.
Early in the summer the civic bodies of Washington met
together and elected Col. Robert N. Harper, of Kentucky, as
Chairman of the General Civic Committee. This committee
will provide the necessary funds to entertain the visitors and
also assist the other committees in their work. Washington
Camp, No. 305, Sons of Confederate Veterans, at a recent
meeting unanimously elected Commandant W. Everett Brock-
man National Chairman of the Sons' Reunion Committee.
The Veterans will elect their national chairman early in Oc-
tober, when they will hold a joint session with Washington
Camp, and at that time they will discuss the plans for the
biggest Reunion ever held. These three committees will work
together to the end of making the affair a signal success.
Extensive plans are being formulated for the Reunion with
two ideas foremost in the minds of each son of a Confed-
C^opfederat^ l/eterar).
427
erate veteran — namely, veterans first and a veterans' parade.
While the fair visitors from the South will be given every
opportunity to enjoy each moment of their visit here, it is
the plan of the committee to place the veterans in the front,
where they stood during the long struggle, and to have them
march from the east of the national Capitol down
Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House, where they will
be assured of the greatest ovation ever received by them.
The nation's capital is for the most part flooded with the
red blood of the South, whose hearts beat fast and quick at
the sound of "Dixie" and whose salute is ever ready for the
Stars and Bars, as well as the Stars and Stripes.
Campaign for Increased Membership.
A monster campaign is being launched to increase the mem-
bership of the Sons of Veterans' organization. George T.
Rawlins, of the Washington Camp, has been appointed Chair-
man of the Membership Committee to that end. A circular
letter is being forwarded to all eligible Sons in the District
of Columbia, urging them to enroll with us and assist in in-
creasing our membership to five hundred.
FRIENDS AND COMRADES.
W. M. Ives, of Lake City, Fla.. writes of his boyhood friend
and comrade of the sixties:
"In the August Veteran, page 364. I sec the features of
my boyhood friend, Charles C. Hemming. Before the war
Seth S. Barnes and I had agreed with Charles that as soon
as we reached manhood and accumulated the cash we would
go to Texas to kill buffaloes and Indians. Seth learned the
jeweler's trade in Jacksonville, and in the spring of 1861 my
father sent me to school, and Charles and I were classmates
until July 3, 1861. His home was in Jacksonville, while Seth
and I lived in Lake City. Charles enlisted in Company A.
3d Florida Regiment, I in Company C, 4th Florida, and Seth
in J. J. Dickison's company, H, 2d Florida Cavalry. Setli was
once wounded. Charles Hemming was captured at Mission-
ary Ridge on November 25, 1863, was imprisoned, escaped to
Canada, got passage on an English vessel in 1865, landed on
the coast of Florida, procured a fine Confederate uniform, and
joined us near Raleigh, N. C, on the night of April 10. 1865;
and on April 11 at morning dress parade the adjutant, Frank
Phillips, read: 'Orderly Sergeant C. C. Hemming, of Com-
pany A, 3d Florida, is promoted to sergeant major of the 1st
Florida Consolidated Regiment.'
"We survived the war and were to keep our boyhood
pledge. On April 6, 1867, a party was given at my father's
in honor of the two friends, who left for Brenham, Tex., the
next morning. Conditions prevented my going with them.
There Seth died of fever on August 10 following — a noble
young man. Charles went to Gainesville, Tex., and his life
was a success.
SURGICAL OPERATION UNIQUELY PERFORMED.
BV R. C. SMITH. M !>.. WHITE STONE. VA.
During the battles about Petersburg in the sixties the hos-
pitals were kept very well filled with sick and wounded.
Among many who were carried to the general hospital one
afternoon was a young man wounded in the forehead. His
frontal bone was fractured, and a triangular piece of bone
protruded. On examination the surgeons, finding the patient
calm and not showing evidence of much pain, concluded to
wait until the next morning to remove the piece of bone,
considering it rather a critical operation, as there might be
danger of rupturing the meninges and perforating the brain.
Late in the night the young man was suddenly awakened by
something scratching his face. He knocked at the intruder
and saw a large rat running from his bed. Having a peculiar
sensation about his forehead, he put up his hand to find what
the trouble was and found that the rat had removed the piece
of bone without an anaesthetic or other instrument than his
teeth. My information of this came from the Petersburg Ex-
press, which had quite an article in ii on the surgical opera-
tion performed by a rat. The paper did not give the name
nf the patient nor the command to which he belonged.
The first five years of my practice were in Camden County.
N. C. In 1871 I was at the protracted meeting in Currituck
County on one occasion and was introduced to a man who
had a considerable depression in his forehead. Upon in-
quiry I learned that he was the self-same man upon whom
the rat had performed a most successful operation. He said
that he had a good recovery and went back to his command
promptly. The rat evidently did not deem it prudent to delay
such a critical operation. No doubt there are some persons
still living who read the same article in the Express. I am
sorry that I cannot recall the name of the man who had this
unique experience.
ORGANIZATION OF THE CONFEDERATE GOTERN-
MENT.
So little is generally known regarding the organization of
the government of the Confederate States that a brief refer-
ence thereto may prove interesting.
The Confederate Provisional Congress met at Montgomery,
Alabama, February 4, 1861, South Carolina, Louisiana, Missis-
sippi, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida being represented at the
opening, the Texas delegates appearing later, and a provisional
constitution was adopted on February 8, 1861.
On February •). r86l, Ji fferson Davis was elected Provisional
lent, and Alexander H. Stephens was elected Provisional
Vice President.
On March n. l86l, a permanent Constitution was adopted,
and on July 20 the capital was moved to Richmond, Va.
On November 16. l86l, Davis and Stephens were elected
President and Vice President for terms of six years, and on
February 18, 1862, the Congress elected in November assem-
bled. On February 22, 1862, Davis and Stephens were inau-
gurated.
The Confederate Cabinet consisted of six members: Secre-
tary of State, Secretary of War, Secretary of the Treasury,
Secretary of the Navy. Attorney-General, and Postmaster-
General. The only Cabinet officer who served throughout the
existence of the Confederacy was Stephen B. Mallory, of
Florida, who headed the Navy Department from March, 1861,
to March, 1865. There were three Secretaries of State:
Robert Toombs, of Georgia: R. M. T. Turner, of Virginia;
and Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, the last-named also
from November. 1861, to March, 1862, being Secretary of
War, and from February to September, 1861, being Attorney-
General. Other Secretaries of War were L. P. Walker,
George W. Randolph, J. A. Seddon, and J. C. Breckinridge,
who had been Vice President of the United States from 1857
to 1861. The Secretaries of the Treasury were G. C. Mem-
minger and J. A. Trenholm. The Attorney-Generals who suc-
ceeded Mr. Benjamin were T. H. Watts and George Davis.
The first Postmaster-General was H. J. Ellet, who seryed
428
(^opfederat^ Ueterai).
but one month and was succeeded by J. H. Reagan, of Texas,
who served from March, 1861, to 1865, and who was after-
wards for many years a member of the House of Representa-
tives of the United States and of the United States Senate.
He also served for a short time, just before the close of the
war, as Secretary of the Treasury. — W. O. Hart, Louisiana
Historical Association
A "YOUNG" RECRUIT.
Dr. J. H. Shannon, of Saco, Me., writes of his effort to
join the Canadian troops:
"I have been on a trip through Canada for some weeks.
Great country up there; lots of soldiers strutting around with
canes, not guns. Privates get $33 per month and $20 more if
married. How is that for a private's pay? All the soldiers
are getting married under this plan. As I was a soldier of the
Civil War from First Bull Run and in the Peninsular Cam-
paign under McClellan, commanded my company at Chancel-
lorsville and Gettysburg and Lookout Mountain under Hooker
and a battalion at Nashville, I am no 'chicken.' Still I feel fine
and as young as at thirty-five. So for a joke I went into a
recruiting station where men were received to form an Ameri-
can legion of five thousand. I found there a major, two or
three lieutenants, and some clerks. I said to the major: 'Do
you want a recruit ?' He replied : 'Well, you look pretty good,
but I guess you are a little strong on forty-five, eh?' 'O
yes,' I said. I then did a trick I have of placing my hands on
the arms of my chair while sitting, raising myself up, and
holding myself out straight, saying: 'A person who can do
that should make a pretty good soldier, eh?' 'That is so,' he
said. Then they all tried it, but couldn't do the stunt. The
major then said: 'If you'll swear that you are not over forty-
five, by gad, we'll take you.' I then asked the major how old
he was, and, finding that he was fifty and had been in the
army ten years, I told him that I had been a soldier years
before he was born. 'No,' said he; 'that can't be, by gad.
Men come in here at fifty that look a d— sight older than
you.' He then noticed my Loyal Legion button and said:
'By gad, I cave. Boys, this man was in the war in the States
in 1861. D — good joke,' and closed the deal by taking me
out to dinner.
"I played the organ in one of the Nashville churches after
the war. Dr. Dorman was the leader of the choir; Weber
played in the church opposite the Masonic Building. I have
been in Nashville once since, but found that nearly all I
knew had passed over the river."
CONFEDERATE RELICS.
Mrs. Eva F. Park, 1401 Summit Avenue, Little Rock, Ark.,
oriers some valuable Confederate relics for sale:
C. S. A. belt buckle ; bracelet made of seven Confederate
buttons; two C. S. A. buttons from the battle field of Gettys-
burg, one infantry, one cavalry; a button from the vest of
Irby Morgan, of Nashville, Tenn.; one button from the vest
of Lieutenant Gentry, of the Confederate States navy; four
buttons from the dress coat of Captain Rhett ; stick pin made
from a button from the overcoat of Sam Davis (this was
bought from the son of Chaplain Young, to whom he gave the
coat when he was executed as a spy) ; one Confederate pis-
tol; Confederate bond signed by Mr. Tyler; a small Con-
federate flag that was hidden in a pillow when Ben Butler de-
stroyed the flags in New Orleans; more than a thousand dol-
lars of Confederate money.
BOOK REVIEW.
Reminiscences of a Rebel. By Rev. Wayland Fuller Duna-
way, D.D. Neale Publishing Company, New York.
Brief and bright is this story of the experiences of a captain
and adjutant general of brigade in the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia. He was in all the battles of that glorious army until
his capture, soon after the battle of Gettysburg, and then he
spent twenty weary months in prison, much of the time on
starvation fare. The reminiscences are full of interest and
recall vividly the old fighting, marching, suffering, glorious
days. The only fault I find is that the author, while believing
in the right of secession and condemning the North for forc-
ing on the war, yet thinks the South acted rashly and with
hot-headed passion in withdrawing from the Union. But his
theory did not hinder his giving the whole-hearted devotion
of a brave man to our cause. Since the war the whilom sol-
dier of the Confederacy has become a leader of the soldiers
of the cross. J. H. McNeiixy, D.D.
Revisits Old Prison. — H. T. Miley writes from Summit
Point, W. Va. : "My dear Veteran — for it is dear to me in my
declining years ; it takes me back to the time when we suf-
fered cold, hunger, and everything for the sake of our cause,
for which none of us are ashamed, thank God — in August
of last year I went down to Point Lookout, where I was in
prison ten months. I was just curious to know what it looked
like. I found that the old prison land had all been cut out
by the Chesapeake Bay, and the whole thing was unrecog-
nizable. I was pleased to find that all the dead (3,384) had
been moved from the island to a plot of ground some two
miles from where they were buried, away from the water.
The grounds are beautifully sodded, and a handsome monu-
ment stands in the center of the lot, with bronze plates having
all the names, companies, and regiments inscribed thereon,
there to await the resurrection of the just. O, the suffering
endured there no one can tell, guarded by negroes, who
stopped at nothing to insult and torture us !"
One of Terry's Texas Rangers. — The grave of William
F. Scallorn, of Fayette County, Tex., who died at Moores-
ville, in Marshall County, Tenn., in January, 1863, a year
after the surrender of Fort Donelson, has been located in a
graveyard near Mooresville. A record had been made of it
by the late John R. Bryant, at whose home the Texas soldier
died, and now a simple monument will be erected over him
by Capt. J. K. P. Blackburn, of Lynnville, Tenn., who was
also a member of the famous Texas command and had been
trying for some time to locate the grave of his comrade.
Captain Blackburn and A. M. Proctor, of Nashville, Tenn.,
are now the only surviving Tennessee members of Terry's
Texas Rangers' Association.
A Correction. — The author of the article on "Casualties
of the nth Mississippi Regiment at Gettysburg" (page 410)
asks that in the report of Company I the killed be changed
to 14 instead of 13 and the wounded to 25 instead of 26. This.
will affect the aggregate of killed and wounded, which should
be : Killed, 103, instead of 102 ; and wounded, 167, instead of
168. This correction came too late for changes to be made in
the article itself.
Confederate l/eteran,
429
Electric Light—
the Convenient Light
Once you have enjoyed the comforts and conveniences
of Electricity in your heme, nothing could induce you to go back
to the old and inconvenient methods of lighting.
Electric Light is always ready— a "twist of the wrist," and
any room in the house is flooded with pure, soft white light.
With Electricity in your home, you have the numerous
electrical labor savers--- the Electric Iron, the Electric Grill, the
Electric Chafing Dish are always at your service.
Investigate our low cost of wiring. Call Main 5000.
Nashville Railway & Light Company
John M. Sellars, R. R. 8, Box 109,
Union City, Tenn., wants to learn the
whereabouts of Henry Davis, of Com-
pany E, 1st Tennessee Cavalry, C. S. A.
When last heard from he was in Nash-
ville, Tenn.
Edward J. Tiernan, 115 Second Ave-
nue, New York City, writes of !■■■
found a cross of honor hearing the name
of Col. Sam J. Winn, 16th Georgia Cav-
alry, which he will take pleasure in send-
ing to the owner upon application.
D. H. Chapman, 128 Crest Avenue.
Point Richmond, Cat., makes inquiry for
one M. C. Brockenbrough, of Company
B, 1st Regiment of Louisiana Volunteer
Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia.
After the war he returned to Louisiana
and practiced medicine.
:
Lew B. Brown, editor of the Independ-
ent, St. Petersburg, Fla., is trying to
secure the record of his father, George
L. Brown, who served with Company A,
Chrisman's Battalion, 1st Arkansas Reg-
iment. He enlisted either at Madison
or Helena, Ark., was captured at Mad-
ison, and was in Gratiot Prison, St.
Louis, Mo., in March. 1863. Any sur-
viving comrades who can give further
information will confer a favor by writ-
ing his son at the above address.
Mrs. Sarah G. Swaringan, General De-
livery, Atlanta. Ga., wants to know if
there are any soldiers living who be-
longed to Company K, 1st East Ten-
e Regiment, under Captain Sv
gan and Colonel Carter.
Capt. John J. Bradford, of Brandon,
Miss., would like to correspond with all
survivors of the 3d, 22A, 31st, 33d, and
Alcorn's 1st Mississippi Battalion, all of
Featherston's Brigade, Loring's Di-
vision. This is a matter of importance.
Mrs. Douglas Knox, 510 Rock Street,
Little Rock, Ark., would like to know if
there are any surviving members of the
Sardis Mississippi Blues. 12th Missis-
sippi Regiment, under Col. John Dickens,
Brig. Gen. Joe Davis. She wants to
know the battle in which the company
participated.
Mrs. S. H. Barton, of Del Rio, Tex.,
wants to hear from some comrade of
William Hall who can give testimony of
his service. He enlisted from Louisa.
Va., at the age of eighteen years. He
was under Capt. Bill Hall. (There were
thirty or forty others by the name of
flail in the same company.) He was
wounded once at Palm Gap and once at
Cumberland Gap. Mr. Hall wants to
enter the Confederate Home.
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest Is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. I Bull Run , and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
ol Virginia.
Bast Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department. Chattanooga. Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
PETTIBONE'S
Uniforms for
Confederate
Vctcrcns —
t moderate
pricey— ! Jai e r- r U-uks, com*
rm ' , and to/*7*f Toilor-made,
ale
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINC NNATI, 0
rzn= and z^zi^llz
203 r«-r/e1l St., Marietta, Ca.
607 Was.:.. L. & 7. BIdfi., Washington
~\
Foster Higti Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Ts in .1 class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each f
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free h»ok of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Tea*.
Mrs. W. C. Turbeville, cf Flatonia,
Tex., desires proof of her husband's
record. He was a member of the 20th
Tennessee, enlisted from Nashville, and
was paroled at Nashville in 1865.
43°
Qopfederat^ l/eterat}.
Nashville's Most Successful Institution
t'^^ST
■/-v¥
-r*> '"' >^i*te~^iyi
i*M
»
Less than six months ago Dr. J. Andrew D. Hite opened a sanitarium in his
residence for the care and treatment of narcotic drug and alcoholic addicts and
chronic nervous troubles. His success has been phenomenal. His practice has
increased so rapidly that he has been compelled to secure the use of a large two-
story brick next door to accommodate his patients. The two buildings are modern
and afford perfect comfort for those taking the treatment. The sanitarium is con-
ducted strictly along home policies and relieves the patient of the usual sanitarium
StDr"'Hite's methods are original. He takes the habit away without the knowledge
of the patients and keeps them practically normal throughout the entire treatment
The patients sleep, eat, and go around with more pleasure than before beginning
the treatment. Dr. Hite has offered to demonstrate his methods totheiatoJ
of Medicine or anv organized body of physicians, so they may be convinced bej ond
a doubt that his treatment is all he claims for it Statements from a number o*
physicians cured of these habits by Dr. Hite can be obtained by application, winch
substantiate everything claimed by
HITE'S HOME SANITARIUM, 947-949 RUSSELL STREET, NASHVILLE, TENN.
Phone Walnut 230. J. Andrew D. Hite, Medical Director. Call or write. All
communications confidential.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
in our guarantee of result.-
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all'wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
of all kinds
Silk Banners. Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds ot Military Equipment ana
Society Goods Is at
Joel Flag Z. Regalia Co., 57 E 96th St
Send for Price List New York City
Mrs. E. L. Dickenson, of Hopkins-
ville, Ky., seeks information of her hus-
band's service in the war. In 1862 Reu-
ben Dabney Dickenson enlisted near
Dyersburg, Tenn., in Company D, Hill's
Cavalry Regiment. His company was
sent to Camp Trenton and was called
out just before the battle of Shiloh. He
was appointed courier for General Beale
until the retreat into Port Hudson; was
wagon master from then until the sur-
render. He was also in the commissary
department in North Alabama.
Mrs. V. C. Parker, of Mena, Ark., de-
sires to correspond with surviving com-
rades of her husband who can testify
to his service as a Confederate soldier.
John H. Parker enlisted in or near
Nashville, Tenn., in 1861, it is thought.
G. W. Coleman, of Oglesby, Tex., was
born in Alabama and went to Arkansas
as a child. In the spring of 1861 he went
back to Alabama and enlisted in Capt.
T. A. Davis's company, known as the
Autauga Rifles, 6th Alabama Regiment.
Later on he was discharged on account
of ill health, went back to Alabama, and
then to Arkansas, reenlisting in an
Arkansas company of the 5th Louisiana
Regiment, and served until the sur-
render. He would like to hear from
any of his comrades or relatives.
William H. White, of Stillwell, Okla.,
enlisted from Anderson, S. C, in the
fall of 1864 in a company of State mili-
tia organized by James Long, captain,
and was in the regiment commanded by
Colonel Perriman, serving until the sur-
render. He had a brother in the same
company and remembers a comrade by
the name of Quaile. This regiment was
in several engagements in North Geor-
gia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and
Eastern Tennessee. He would like to
hear from some comrade who remem-
bers him.
While the manufacturers all over the
country are complaining of a shortage
in dyestuffs, the Northwest Indians go
right straight on making their blankets
containing all the hues of the rainbow,
the fuss about war not interfering. The
Indian just goes to the hills and digs out
his vermilions, his ochres, his browns,
and his blacks, and with combinations
of these he makes his other colors and
calmly goes on weaving his robes and
blankets exactly as his ancestors for the
last several thousand years have done.
And the best of it is that his colors stick.
— National Tribune.
News of Fifty Years Ago.— When
Mr. Davis and Postmaster-General Rea-
gan were captured in Georgia last
spring, there was found on the person
of the latter $60,000 of bills of exchange,
drawn on the Rothschilds, of London,
by Mr. Trenholm, Secretary of the Con-
federate Treasury. These, with others
captured by the United States troops,
were sent on by the Secretary of the
United States Treasury for collection.
They have all been returned with the
indorsement, "No funds." It is known
by several persons that there were am-
ple funds in the hands of the Rothschilds
when these bills were drawn, but by
some means or other it seems they have
been spirited away. — Richmond (Va.)
Dispatch, 1866.
Confederate l/eterao.
431
'From AH Caoses, Head Noises and Other Eat
Tr—blea Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who were
formerly deaf, now heal
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
1 that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
Often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
are restoring perfect hearing in every condition ol
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums,
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds,
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums,
Discharge from Earst etc. No matter what the case
or how long standing it is, testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
bearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
t soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted bv the wearer
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
\housandsof others will help you.
Oon't delay. Write today for Drum
our FREE 163 paRe Book on Deaf- in Position
•Bess — giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
102 7 Inler-Southern Bldf. LOUISVILLE, KV.
A GREAT AGGREGATION.
While standing in front of the com-
posite painting in the corridor on the
third floor of the State Library Build-
ing, which represents Gen. Robert E.
Lee arid other Confederate generals, a
young man of the South was inter-
rupted in his worship by a stranger
with a decided Yankee twang in his
voice.
"What does that represent?" asked
the man from the North.
"That's General Lee and the other
Confederate generals," was the reply
as the young man turned to see what
manner of man it was who didn't know
Lee, Jackson, Hill, and the rest when he
saw them.
"Pretty intelligent-looking bunch of
men," said he of the North.
"Well, I guess they are." said the
Southerner. "They took one man and
held back five for four years."
Not another word was uttered ;
neither considered one necessary. The
Yankee walked off to look at the curios
in the library, and the Southerner went
to try to find out what had been the
records of his grandfather and several
uncles while serving in the Army of
Northern Virginia. — Richmond Times-
Dis patch.
Facts about
PRINTING
•H To obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station-
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer 3iay be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best— HIGH-CLASS
PRINTING This we are pre-
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment, tjl We give thought tc
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carry out your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING CO.
Nashville, - - Tenn.
Mrs. Charles H. Miller, 2516 Broad-
way, Little Rock, Ark., wants to know
the regiment to which her father, I-". M.
Ward, belonged. lie served in an
Arkansas regiment, and she thinks he
was in Captain Bradley's company.
E. W. Cook, of Flatonia, Tex., en-
listed from Sardis, Miss., in Company
E, 18th Mississippi Cavalry, under
Colonel Chalmers, and was paroled in
1865. He is trying to secure a pension
and would like to hear from some com-
rade who can testify to his record.
CONFEDERATE
SV. Battle Flags
^L. on Sticks
Hk ^^h, PRINTK.n MUSI.IN
I ilBt* ^^^ <.:<-.
1 9rt- '. HB^sV 3 Inches Inrnr.Sn It rtnj
» ^^ ^4 27 ... 1.30 "
^kcry 36 " ■• ... 1,85 "
^ PaperPinFlags ... .75 gross
POSTPAID— Special Prices on Urge, Quantities
\\ - ite 1 > day for Illustrated Catalogue
ol Pins, Charms, Novelties, and GifN.
B ntlng and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1 33 1 F St. N. W., Washington. 0. C.
Mrs. J. B. Beale, of Hattiesburg,
Miss., is trying to secure a pension and
wants to communicate with some mem-
ber of her husband's command who can
testify to his service. J, B. Beale joined
Company E, 8th Georgia Cavalry, in
Augusta, Ga., and served until the sur-
render.
START A COLLECTION
OF CONFEDERATE MONEY
I'll help you. Send references and I will send
a choice selection of fine clean bills on ap-
proval. You will gain recreation, knowledge,
pleasure, and patriotism. Hunter, Reagan,
Memminger letters for sale. :: :: :: :;
A. A. LEVE, P. O. Box 495A, Syracuse, N. Y.
Miss Frances Meyers, 1019 West Fifth
Street. Winston-Salem, N. C, wants to
hear from some one who can give her
information concerning the number of
the regiment to which B. Meyers be-
longed. He enlisted in Richmond and
was for one year in Colonel Caskies's
cavalry.
GOOD
P
I if you take the Draughon Training, the
training that business men indorse. Ton
can take it OtOOtt909Or lift innil. Write to-day
PRAW.HOVS PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGF
Box S8j >ashril1e, Ten».
OSITION
Secured or Your Money Back
432
Qoqfederat:^ l/eterai).
Confederate Memorial Drinking Fount
COMBINE ART, SENTIMENT, AND UTILITY
c
A marble or granite mem. V y -* will beautify your city park or street and will slake
the thirst of man and beast, and writ.. °°k -A or merely looked upon will be a reminder of
the heroism and sacrifice of the Soldiers ana . ec i6 of the Confederacy.
We have just completed a large number of new designs. Write us for designs and prices.
THE McNEEL MARBLE COMPANY
MARIETTA, GEORGIA
434
Qopfederat^ \/ecerai}.
OGTOBER
Wednesday, 11th Vicksburg, Miss.
Thursday, 12th Natchez., Miss.
Friday, 13th Jackson, Miss.
Saturday, lUth Meridian, Miss.
Sunday, October 15th
Monday, 16th Selma, Ala.
Tuesday, 17th Montgomery, Tlla.
Wednesday, ISth Montgomery, Tlla.
Thursday, 19th Golumbus, Ga.
Friday, 20th Macon, Ga.
Saturday, 21st. Savannah, Ga.
Sunday, October 22d
Monday, 23d Jacksonville, Fla.
Tuesday, 2Uth Jacksonville, Fla.
Wednesday, 25th Tallahassee, Fla.
Thursday, 26th Pensacola, Fla.
Friday, 27th Mobile, La.
Saturday, 28th Mobile, La.
Sunday, October 29th
Monday, 30th, to Sunday, November 6th, New Orleans, La.
Sunday, November 6th
NOVEMBER
Monday, 6th Lake Gharles, La.
Tuesday, 7th Beaumont, Tex.
Wednesday, 8th Galveston, Tex.
Thursday, 9th Houston, Tex.
Friday, lOth Houston, Tex.
Saturday, 11th San Antonio, Tex.
Sunday, November 12th
Monday, 13th Austin, Tex.
Tuesday, 14th Waco, Tex.
Wednesday, 15th Fort Worth, Tex.
Thursday, 16th Dallas, Tex.
Friday, 17th Dallas, Tex.
Saturday, 18th Dallas, Tex.
Sunday, November 19th
Monday, 20th Shreveport, La.
Tuesday, 21st Shreveport, La.
Wednesday, 22d Monroe, La.
Thursday, 23d Alexandria, La.
Friday, 2Uth Marshall, La.
Saturday, 25th Hot Springs, Ark.
Sunday, November 26th
Monday, 27th Hot Springs, Ark.
Tuesday, 28th Little Rock, Ark.
Wednesday, 29th Little Rock, Ark.
Thursday, 30th Memphis, Tenn.
DEGEMBER
Friday, 1st Memphis, Tenn.
Saturday, 2d Memphis, Tenn.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Term., as second -class matter*
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should be made to the Coxfedekatk Viti R w,
and all communications s<> :uMressed.
Published by the Confederate "Veteran Company, Nashville, Tens*
OFFJCIALLT REPRESENTS:
United Confederate Veterans,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons of Veterans and Other Our. initiations,
Confederated Southern Memoriae Association.
Though men deserve, they may not win, success;
Tlu- brave will honor (he brave, vanquished none the less.
Phick. $1.()(> per Year, (_
Single Copt, 1U Cents. J
Vol. XXIV.
\ \MIVILLE, TENN., OCTOBER, 1916.
No. 10. \
S. A. C\ NNINGHAM,
I M>ER.
"BRAVE WORDS, MY MASTERS!''
COMPILED BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
In April, iNoi, President Lincoln, having determined upon
war for the subjugation of the Southern States, and realizing
that the regular forces of the United States could not cope
with the situation, issued a call for seventy-five thousand nun
to "cause the laws to be duly executed." An apportionment
was made by States; and as Virginia, North Carolina, Ten-
nessee, Arkansas. Missouri, and Kentucky had not up to this
time seceded from the Union, an allotment fell to each. The
Governors of these States replied to the Chief Executive in
the following unequivocal terms :
"Your dispatch received. In answer I say most emphatically
that Kentucky will furnish no troops for the wicked purpose
of subduing her sister Southern States. B. Magoffin. "
"Your dispatch received; and it genuine, which its extraor-
dinary character leads me to doubt, I have to say in reply
that I regard the levy of troops made by the administration
for the purpose of subjugating the States of the South as in
violation of the Constitution and a gross usurpation of power.
I cm be no party to this wicked violation of the laws of the
country and to thus war upon the liberties of a free people
You can get no troops from North Carolina.
John W. Ellis."
"Your dispatch, informing me that Tennessee is called upon
for t\\ o regiments of militia for immediate sen ice, is received
Tennessee will not furnish a single man for the purpose of
coercion, but fifty thousand, if necessary, for the defense of
our rights and those of our Southern brethren.
Isiiam G. Harris."
"Your dispatch, making a call on Missouri for four regi-
ments for immediate service, received. There can be. I ap-
prehend, no doubt that the men are intended to form a part
of the President's army to make war upon the people of the
seceded States. Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal,
unconstitutional, and revolutionary in its object, inhuman and
diabolical, and cannot be complied with. Not one man will the
State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy crusade.
C. F. Jackson."
"I received your telegram, the genuineness of which I
doubted. 1 have only to say that the militia of Virginia will
not be furnished to the powers at Washington for any such
use or iuirpo.se as they have in view. Your object is to subju-
gate the Southern States, and a requisition made upon me
for such an object — an object, in my judgment, not within
the purview of the Constitution or the act of 1705— will not be
complied with. You have chosen to inaugurate civil war,
and, having done so, we will meet it in a spirit as determined
as the administration has exhibited toward the South.
John Letcher."
"In answer to your requisition for troops from Ark
to subjugate the South. I have to say that none will be fur-
nished. The demand is only adding insult to injury. The
people of tins commonwealth are freemen, not slaves, and
will defend to the last extremity their honor, lives, and prop-
city against Northern mendacity and usurpation.
11. M. Rector."
"As long as the Union was faithful to her trust,
Like friends and like brethren, kind were we and just;
Bui now, when Northern treachery attempts our right to mar,
We hoist on high the bonnie blue flag that bears a single star."
GEN. RICHARD IXDERSON.
\ sketch of the life of Lieut. Gen. Richard H. Anderson is
now being prepared by Gen. C. Irvine Walker, of South Caro-
lina. This work is being done at the request of the commit-
tees of Dick Anderson Camp. U. C. V., and Chapter. U. D. C,
of Sumter, S. C. General Walker is most anxious to obtain
any incidents of General Anderson's career, whether purely
historic or such as evidenced the General's personal character
on military skill. In the 1 nmands, brigade, division,
and corps, which General Anderson led were troops from Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mis-
sissippi, Florida, and Louisiana. So there must be many veter-
ans who can help to do justice to the modest, retiring General,
who never sought self-glory. Any who can furnish such in-
formation will please communicate with General Walker at
Summerville, S. C.
436
Qopfederat^ l/eteran.
Qoofederat<^ l/eteran.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
DEATH OF GEN. BASIL DUKE.
In the early morning of September 16 the "inevitable hour"
came to Gen. Basil Duke at the Presbyterian Hospital, in New
York City, where he had gone for treatment. It was found
necessary to amputate His foot because of infection from an
old wound, but it was too late, and death followed a few
days later. Thus passes another of the few remaining generals
of the Confederacy. He was a gallant member of the famous
Morgan's Cavalry, and he was recently reelected commander
of the organization of its survivors known as "Morgan's
Men" at its annual reunion at Georgetown, Ky. General
Duke was a man of attractive personality and an interesting
writer. A chapter from his "History of Morgan's Cavalry"
appearing in this number gives a vivid description of the
escape of General Morgan from the prison at Columbus,
Ohio. A sketch and picture of General Duke will appear in
the Veteran for November.
THE CONSPIRACY WHICH BROUGHT ON WAR.
The article in this number on the "Sudden Change in
Northern Sentiment as to Coercion in 1861," by Dr. James
H. McNeilly, of Nashville, shows that there was evidently
a deep-laid plan to force the South into making the first hos-
tile demonstration in order to arouse that sentiment which
would respond to the call for troops necessary to invade this
section. It is well known that the general sentiment in the
North was against making war on the seceding Southern
States, but there was a powerful political element which
really wanted war and could see the value of forcing the
South into making an offensive move. Forcibly illustrating
this spirit is the following quotation from a thoughtful writer
of the South :
"On February 2, 1861, Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, in a let-
ter published in the Memphis Appeal, wrote of the Republi-
can leaders as follows: 'They are bold, determined men.
They are striving to break up the Union under the pretense
of serving it. They are struggling to overthrow the Consti-
tution while professing undying attachment to it and a willing-
ness to make any sacrifice to maintain it. They are trying to
plunge the country into a cruel war as the surest means of
destroying the Union upon the plea of enforcing the laws
and protecting public property.' Shortly after Douglas wrote
this letter Senator Zach Chandler, of Michigan, wrote a letter
to Gov. Austin Blair which proves the guilty conspiracy of the
men determined on war. Virginia had solicited a conference
of States to see if some plan could not be devised and agreed
on to prevent war and save the Union. Chandler wrote
Governor Blair that he opposed the conference, and no Re-
publican State should send a delegate. He implored Governor
Blair to send stiff-necked delegates or none, as the whole
thing was against his judgment. Chandler added to his letter
these sinister words : 'Some of the manufacturing States
think that a war would be awful; without a little blood-
letting this Union will not be worth a curse.' "
THIS REUNITED COUNTRY.
BY BERKELEY MINOR, STAUNTON, VA.
In the Veteran for June W, E. Doyle, of Teague, Tex.,
writes interestingly, though not wisely, about "The Reunited
Country." I think he is mistaken when he says that "the
North, in fact, has no love nor use for the South except
in so far as we can be made hewers of wood and drawers of
water for them." I have not lived in the North nor visited
there much, yet the testimony of Southerners who have is
almost unanimous that the North as a body would gladly re-
sume the old relations of love and affection which led to the
formation of the old Federal Union ; but they fail to recog-
nize the impossibility of this so long as they fail to acknowl-
edge the great wrong done to the South by Lincoln and his
party in 1861 and many following years.
To illustrate this impossibility : Two parties (N. and S. we
may call them), old friends and partners in business, quarrel.
It makes no difference which one is right (or mostly right)
for the purpose of our illustration ; each thinks himself right.
S. wants to separate peaceably ; N. says : "No ; we went into
this business to stay, and we must carry it through." They
fight desperately. S. is badly beaten and forced to continue
in the business with N. on the same old terms, with some
more conditions made necessary (as N. thinks) by their
changed relations. Now, under such circumstances is a res-
toration of the old relations of love and amity possible unless
one or the other admits himself in the wrong and makes
restitution as far as possible? Certainly not. A truce may
exist, a sort of modus vivendi be maintained : but all true
manhood must see that a real organic union is impossible. A
proper self-respect, to say nothing of natural feeling, forbids
it. And this writer believes that thinking men, honorable
men, both North and South, agree in this view, and that no
really reunited country is possible until one side or the other
can say from his heart: "Brother, I was wrong; I thought I
was right, but was mistaken. Pardon me ; I'll do all I can
in reparation."
Such a consummation, so devoutly to be wished, is, I fear,
not likely to be attained ; but its attainment is not hastened—
rather hindered — by those who cry out so loudly and some-
what hysterically that it is already attained.
News of Fifty Years Ago. — President Johnson yesterday
vetoed the bill enlarging the powers of the Freedman's Bu-
reau. The message he sent in would make three columns in
this paper. It is a masterly exposition of the evils that would
result from the passage of such a law. The President makes
no efforts to compromise, does not say that if such and such
features were stricken out of the bill it would be acceptable to
him ; but with the vigorous logic of a master mind he shows
ihat the bill is a monster, and with the grip of a man of iron
will he proceed to strangle it. The veto, while not entirely
unexpected, created a profound sensation in Congress, and last
night's dispatches say that Thad Stevens and Charles Sum-
ner and their following are simply frothing at the mouth.
They declare the bill will be passed over the President's veto,
but the President's friends are equally as positive in their
assertions that the radicals cannot muster the necessary two-
thirds vote in the Senate. — Richmond Times-Dispatch.
For Treasurer General U. D. C. — The Kentucky Division.
U. D. C, in convention at Lexington, unanimously indorsed
Mrs. Nathaniel Wickliffe Muir, of Bardstown, for Treasurer
General U. D. C, election at Dallas convention in November.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
437
THE REUNION IN WASHINGTON.
Gen. George P. Harrison, Commander in Chief U. C. V.,
has sent out a general letter to the press of the South designed
to correct some misapprehension as to the meeting of Confed-
erate Veterans in 1917, in which he says:
"Regarding the approaching reunion of Confederate veterans
at Washington, D. C, as an occasion of great importance not
only to the South, but to our common country, and desiring
that this the first meeting of our organization outside any of
the Confederate Slates may be properly understood and ap-
preciated, I would thank you to publish the following letter
from Col. Hilary A. Herbert, which gives the facts. 1 heartily
indorse the sentiments therein expressed and appeal to tny
comrades 'to continue to march in the lines marked out for us
by the immortal Lee.' "
Colonel Herbert wrote as follows:
"Ever since Appomattox it has been apparent that in an ir-
revocable union the welfare of the South and the happiness of
the whole country could be obtained only by the restoration
of good feeling between the sections. To tins end 1 have tried
to do my part, both in and out of office, and I was delighted
beyond measure when ! saw the enthusiasm with which, after
having accepted the invitation to Washington, our convention
selected you as its President. Under your control 1 feel as-
sured that the visit of the Confederates in 1917 to their national
capital will be the climax of that good feeling between the
North ami South that has been brought about largely by such
Confederates as Generals Gordon and Stephen D. Lee and the
various reunions between the blue and gray that culminated
in the great meeting at Gettysburg in 1913.
"At Birmingham one of our leaders, who has himself done
his full share in this great work and who made a great speech
in that Gettysburg reunion, expressed to me the fear that the
outcome of the proposed visit might turn out to be an at-
tempted reunion of all the blue and all the gray, in which case
he feared some unhappy friction might result, as there are still
irreconcilables both North and South. But, as you and I have
always known, this movement has never had in view any such
purpose. Col. Andrew Cowan, the originator of the move-
ment, and all the Union soldiers who voted for his resolution
understand it just as do you and I and the civic authorities of
Washington, who are to be our hosts.
"Colonel Cowan was a gallant commander of artillerv in
Hancock's Corps of the Union army and particularly distin-
guished himself in the battle of Gettysburg. Since the war he
lias become commander nf the Loyal Legion of the Union
army and has been made an honorary member of the Orphan
Brigade of Kentucky Confederate Veterans at Louisville,
where he lives. During the grand parade of the G. A. R. in
Washington last October Colonel Cowan moved at a camp
fire of the Hancock Corps Association that the Confederate
Veterans be invited by Washington to hold their 1017 Reunion
in that city, the invitation to be carried by me. The re olu
tion, put by Col. Myron H. Parker, of Washington City, Pres-
ident of the Association, was unanimously carried, and the in-
vitation was subsequently extended, as you know, by the civic
authorities of Washington and was accepted .it Birmingham.
"Col. Robert N. Harper, of Washington, now acting for the
city authorities, recently wrote me an enthusiastic letter on
the subject, which I sent to Colonel Cowan, and in reply T
have from Colonel Cowan a letter from which T take the
liberty of quoting the following: 'Of course there are perfectly
sincere persons, both at the South and the North, who are
not and never will be reconciled. Yet we know that their
number grows smaller steadily, wdiile soldiers like ourselves
are using all the means in our power to perfect a reconciliation
between the blue and the gray. By the way, it is curious how
persistently the story is being told at the South that the Wash-
ington Reunion of the U. C. V. is a blue-and-gray affair. I
have done my best to correcl that error, but without much suc-
cess. It ought to be published in every Southern newspaper
that the U. C. V. have been invited to hold their 1917 Re-
union at Washington by the Board of Trade, the Chamber of
Commerce, the Commissioners of the District of Columbia,
and the Retail Merchants' Association as fully and cordially
as any such invitation was extended to the G. A. R. ; also
that the meeting will not he a blue-and-gray combination, but
the U. C. V. coming to the capital of the country to meet a
warm and generous entertainment. Colonel Parker wrote me
after the invitations h; cepted that the U. C. V. would
receive a warmer welcome than had ever been given the G.
A. R., not because :' any better beloved, but rather
bee; tin- pride of all our people in the \ al< u rid
ficcs shown by the Confed Idiers in striving to main-
tain the ideals of the Confedi I
"When it comes to be thoroughly understood that in our
1917 Reunion the U. C. V. are simply to be the gin
national capital, which is now preparing to give us a warm
welcome, all will go smoothl] I In the one side, every loyal
Confederate, no matter what he may have thought about ac-
cepting the invitation, will acquiesce in the decision of the
majority; and all of our comrades will, of course, strictly
observe the cardinal rule of the hospitality for which the
South is famous, that on a visit neither guest nor host is
to do or say anything offensive to the other. Thus Confed-
erates will be marching in the lines marked out for them by
General Lee in his farewell address to his army and by his
whole subsequent life.
"On the other hand, nobody understands the rules of hos-
pitality better than the city authorities at Washington. These
authorities had not assumed the obligations of host when the
U. D. C held their 1912 convention at the national capital;
yet all Washington, official and nonofficial. opened its heart
and its doors to our Southern women and gave them a recep-
tion that won them completely. With the city authorities now
our responsible hosts, taking counsel with and aided by leading
residents, Confederates as well as broad-minded Union sol-
diers, with whom the invitation originated, the reception to
the Confederate soldiers will undoubtedly eclipse that given
to the Daughters."
Missouri Pf.nsion Roll. — D. Fraser Thompson, Commis-
sioner of War Records and Pensions, Jefferson City. Mo.,
asks correction of an error as to Missouri's Confederate pen-
sioners: "In the article ^n 'What the South Ts Doing for Her
Veterans," by Capt. P M. de 1 1 on, and 'in- statistical ini
tion contained therein, appearing in the Veteran for Septem-
ber (page 300), I note a typographical error in the table which
puts Missouri in the lead of all other Slates in the number of
Confederate pensioners on roll. Missouri leads in most things;
but her pension law is not yet four years old. and the number
of pensioners enrolled to date is 1,811 instead of 11,811
Leroy S. Boyd, of Washington, D. C. former Commissary
General S. C. V., is interested in securing all information pos-
sible of the founders of the Ku-Klux Klan, and especially
wants to know what schools or colleges were attended by the
six charter members prior to organizing the Klan at Pulaski,
Tenn. Address him at 15 Seventh Street, N. E., Washington.
438
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
IMPRESSIONS ON A FIRST 1ISIT TO THE WHITE
HOUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY IN AUGUST, 1916.
BY A. W. LITTLEF1ELD, D.D., NEF.DHAM, MASS.
The Confederate Museum at Richmond is a dignified build-
ing within easy reach of Capitol Square, and it is enshrouded
in an atmosphere unique, that of glorified defeat and imper-
ishable memory. As all know, President Davis dwelt there
during the War between the States, leaving it upon the evacua-
tion of Richmond. Patriotic love has converted the structure
into a museum wherein have been gathered treasures precious
to Confederate affections. Each Southern State has under-
taken the filling and the care of a room. Pictures, maps, uni-
forms, banners, accouterments, delicate memorials (such as
hair ornaments of leaders in the great and deathless cause of
constitutional liberty) adorn these rooms, and permeating all
is the "informing spirit" which alone can give purpose and
significance to material forms. One might wish to term it "the
spirit of the gray," but not the gloom of descending night,
rather the flushing dawn. For, singularly, one is impressed
with the sense of roseate light as one enters this gray treas-
ure house dedicated to the memories of the past, which is so
"secure," but the mighty principles of which can never lie
permanently in any tomb that the ruthlessness of fanaticism
may construct. "Not 'lost' that cause, but herald of the
patriot dawn." So, if one be conscious of rose light tinting
the gray, one recalls that red and white were, with the gray,
the Confederate colors.
Such was the first impression received by a loyal Northern
lover of the South upon the occasion of his first visit to the
Museum early in August, 1916, more than fifty years after the
tragedy and glory of Appomattox.
The second impression was that of the great loyalty and
the heart-sacred fidelity of the Southern people, faithfulness
to beloved memory, and loyalty to the cause of constitutional
and representative human liberty. Such sentiments, however,
do not admit of lengthy expression, particularly from an
alien to, though ardent lover of, the South and her imperish-
able cause of constitutional liberty, of which the Confederate
war was but an unfortunate and unsuccessful incident. All
honor to the faithful love and loyalty of a devoted people !
One may not receive such an impression and depart unblessed.
Another impression received was that slavery was but an
incidental cause of the great fraternal strife. In this retro-
spect of half a century one cannot believe that two mighty
sections of one blood and language could have hurled them-
selves in deadly combat at each other over an issue like that
of African slavery. For slavery was doomed both for hu-
mane and economic reasons, and, as well, the cosmic law that
transforms childhood and dependence into the estate of ma-
turity and self-reliance was acting powerfully to free the bond-
man. If slavery was an immediate irritant leading to the
War between the States, it was so for the reason that one
section attempted prematurely to hasten a process that hu-
man and economic and cosmic forces were fast consummat-
ing, and this prematureness that resulted in so much loss of
life and treasure led to the crime of an invasion that had no
warrant in right and law and to repel which the South and
her leaders drew the sword. Randolph once declared : "We
have a wolf [referring to slavery] by the ears; we fear to
hold it, but dare not let it go." Certainly the deplorable ex-
periences of Reconstruction gave ample justification to the
fears and the judgment of the ante-bellum South.
No, the real cause of the war lay far deeper than slavery.
As one hastened through this impressive repository of a cause
which arises in perennial resurrection (two hours only were
available for the visit where two weeks would be insufficient)
one most profoundly realized that the differences created by
the issues of Imperialism and Republicanism, a controversy at
least inherited from ancient Greece and Rome, were funda-
mentally the casus belli in 1861-65. So far as our nationality
is concerned, these causes trace back to the Federalist and
Democratic-Republican parties and the two great statesmen,
Hamilton and Jefferson, who, respectively, inspired and led
them. Hamilton, the so-called Federalist, was in every fiber
of his being an Imperialist. His great passion was for order;
his chief mistrust, the people. While he fought to free the
colonies from Great Britain, he cared nothing for popular
liberty. Order was essential, and it could be had only (so
taught Hamilton) under law administered by authority. Self-
government and local autonomy he considered delusions, and
centralization, civic and economic, was in his political and
social philosophy the natural and inevitable tendency ; order,
centralization, and strong government were the foundations,
according to Hamilton, of human well-being. He became
Secretary of the Treasury under the newly established na-
tional government. On the other hand, Jefferson, Secretary
of State, was politically a Republican ; socially, a Democrat.
He knew the necessity for order, but he loved and advocated
liberty; he trusted the people; he believed in self-direction
and in local self-government; "the best government was that
which governed the least ;" decentralization, civic and eco-
nomic, was his cherished policy ; liberty and more liberty were
the true goals of human ambition and human welfare, ac-
cording to Jefferson. And, therefore, what more natural than
that Washington's Secretaries of State and Treasury should
be at swords' points with each other? In the light of these
distinctions, what more inevitable than war, either of bullets
or ballots, between the factions led by these two statesmen,
the one imperialistic and centralizing, the other republican
and decentralizing?
Here, then, and not in slavery per se, were the roots of the
struggle at arms in 1861-65. One could but reflect upon these
things as one stood amongst the Confederate memorials in
Richmond. And, too, the irony of the situation was brought
to mind when one reflected that the Southern people held in
bondage four millions of blacks, while at the same time they
drew the sword in defense of constitutional Federalism, Re-
publican self-government, and Jeffersonian ideals of human
liberty. Yet the explanation is very easy. The whites were
an old and mature race; the blacks a young and immature
race. Of necessity, therefore, the one must dominate the
other, as much so as that parents must control the children in
the family life. And as children must perform household
tasks unrequited save for care, so must an immature race do
the same on a larger scale. If Southern plantations were
carried on by slave labor, so Northern farms were largely
carried on by the unpaid labor of sons and daughters and
minor relatives until they reached legal majority. And the
Confederate war, waged to maintain the right to regulate the
affairs of the immature, was as justifiable as it would have
been for a Northern farmer to resist by force of arms any
invasion of his family intended prematurely to free his sons
and daughters before they all attained legal majority. The
Southern people, guaranteed under the Constitution which
they so willingly helped to form the right of regulation of
their own local affairs, refused to tolerate invasion of either
territory or legal rights. Hence the war then of bullets, now
and for years to come of ballots.
C^oi^federat^ l/eterai).
439
And the remaining impression as one stood in that Museum
and recalled Confederate memorials everywhere in the South,
even the Confederate monument in the Arlington Cemetery,
was to send mind and thought across the seas to that conti-
nent and the adjacent continents whereon is being waged an
international war to determine which principle of human gov-
erment shall prevail among men — Imperialism or Republican-
ism. And one may well imagine that the shades of Wash-
ington and Frederick the Great, of Jefferson and Hamilton,
of Davis and Lincoln, and of Lee and Grant hover above
those battle fields, solicitous as to the result. As one gazed
at the gray and red and white symbolism in the former White
House of the Confederacy one began to realize how close
is the relation between the war of 1861-65 and the war of 1914.
Furthermore, how much the rise of European Imperialism
soon after the suppression of the Republican uprising of 1848
had to do with the failure of the Confederacy in 1865. Most
significant reflection, is it not?
For, supposing the Confederacy had won, the power of the
American people to resist foreign incursions would have been
greatly weakened. Already Napoleon III. had an army of
occupation in Mexico; Germany had gotten ready to fight her
short and successful war of 1866 and was soon ( 1870) to as-
sault France successfully. In half a decade and a little more
after Appomattox William of Prussia was made Kmperor
William I. in the great ball of Versailles, and German Im-
perialism was firmly established : the solid foundations for
the assault of Imperialism (civic and economic) upon Repub-
licanism were laid. Can one, then, fail to see that not only
was fate against the South as to African slavery, but also
against the political and economic ideals of Southern states-
men, from Jefferson and Calhoun down ? Preeminently so,
it would seem. Just so long as imperialistic authority and
centralization lurk in the bush, so long will it be impossible
for Republican self-government to stalk in the open. The
human sentiments of the world at large were against the
South's maintenance of African slavery, and the imperialistic
designs of Europe were against the South's aspirations and
struggle for independence. In a word, the war of 1861-65
was fought too late to maintain slavery, too early to defend
secession; this last the inalienable right of all peoples, if the
preamble of the Declaration of Independence has any truth
or significance whatever. In the large world sense the Con-
federate war was but one of the struggles to determine the
status between Imperialism and Republicanism, while the
present war is the latest of those struggles of liberty against
authority. Therefore in 1861-65 the cosmic forces were ar-
rayed against the South. The time was not yet ripe to sub-
stantiate the ideals of the Declaration of Independence, the
Federal Constitution, and the principles of local autonomy
Nevertheless, the Southern cause is not lost, but sleepeth until
the morning light of liberty shall awaken it. Her battle was
well fought in 1861-65; undoubtedly she prevented the com-
plete overstepping of the line that divides Republican Fed-
eralism from imperial centralization. And her monuments
and holy treasures will hear perennial testimony to this his-
toric fact. Furthermore, the South's contention in the Con-
federate war will shortly become the great world question,
seeing that time has arrived in human history when nations
must either wage wars of extermination upon each other or
form some sort of federation, just as Kant a century and a
quarter ago stated. Shall it be world imperialism or world
federation ? Undoubtedly the South by her defense of her
principles and her territory contributed immeasurably to the
coming solution of that mighty issue in human affairs.
May she ever remain true to herself and perpetuate to com-
ing generations her ideals so splendidly commemorated in her
memorials, her monuments, and her museums ! They are not
meaningless, for her cause was just and will rise some day
into incomparable light and power.
Such were some of the impressions received by a first visit
to the Confederate Museum in Richmond. If one patriotic
soul was thus impressed, many another must have been in
years past and will be in time to come. May the company in-
crease until all over this broad land — indeed, over all "this
goodly frame the earth" — patriot hearts shall throb to the
thought and lips acclaim that Republican liberty is better for
mankind than Imperial authority ami thai the Declaration
of Independence and human commonwealths established under
it are far superior in furthering human warfare than any ar-
tificial patent of nobility, however ancient, or any kingdom or
empire, however splendid and outwardly efficient!
The red and the white and the gray were the symbols of
an eternal spirit. May they ever be cherished not only in the
Southland, but east and west and the far northern land I
The South of to-day — may her sons and daughters and chil-
dren and children's children cherish and perpetuate the true
ideals of the Old South!
RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION.
The thirteen original States became part of the govern-
ment upon their adopting the Constitution of the United
States. The order of ratification was as follows: Delaware,
December 7, 1787, unanimously i Pennsylvania, December 12,
46 to 23 ; New Jersey. December 18, unanimously ; Georgia.
January 2, 1788, unanimously; Connecticut, January 9, 128 to
40; Massachusetts. February 7, 187 to 168; Maryland, April
28, 63 to 12; South Carolina. May 23, 149 to 73; New Hamp-
shire, June 21, 57 to 46; Virginia, June 26, 89 to 79; New
York, July 26, 31 to 27 (on the final vote). North Carolina
on August 2, by 184 to 84, refused to ratify without a bill of
rights and amendments. In February, 1788. the Rhode Island
Legislature refused to call a convention and referred the
Constitution to the town meetings, where it was rejected in
March by 2.708 votes to 332.
Order of Admission of States.
The ratification by New Hampshire gave the Constitu-
tion life, and it was so announced. North Carolina finally
ratified November 21, 1879, and Rhode Island May 29, 1790.
The other States were admitted as follows: Vermont, March
4, 1791 ; Kentucky. June I, 1792; Tennessee, June 1, 1796;
Ohio, February 19, 1803; Louisiana, April 30, 1812; Indiana,
December 11, 1816; Mississippi, December 10, 1817; Illinois,
December 3. 1818; Alabama. December 14, 1810; Maine, March
15, 1820; Missouri, August )o, 1821 ; Arkansas, June 15, 1836;
Michigan, January 26, 1837 ; Florida, March 3, 1845 ; Texas,
December 29, 1845; Iowa, December 28, 1846; Wisconsin,
May 29, 1848; California, September 9, 1850; Minnesota, May
11. 1858; Oregon, February 14. 1859; Kansas, January 29,
1861 ; West Virginia, June 19, 1863: Nevada, October 31, 1864;
Nebraska, March I, 1867; Colorado, August 1, 1876; North
Dakota, November 2, 1889; South Dakota, November 2, 1889;
Montana, November 8, 1889; Washington, November 11, 1889;
Idaho, July 3, 1890; Wyoming, July 11, 1890; Utah, January
4, 1896; Oklahoma, November 16, 1907; New Mexico, January
8, 1612; and Arizona, February 14, 1912. — National Tribune.
440
^opfederat^ l/eterai?.
D. TILLMAN.
COL. JAMES D. TILLMAN.
The "old guard'' of Tennessee colonels is fast passing away.
Of the one hundred and fifty whose names appeared on the
muster rolls of the Confederacy, but few now remain. In
this number may be mentioned Col. Hume R. Feild, now of
Union City, formerly of Pulaski ; Col. E. E. Tansil, of Dres-
den ; Col. John A. Fite, of Lebanon ; and Col. George C.
Porter, now of Nashville.
Col. James D. Tillman held a high rank among the officers
of this grade in the Army of Tennessee. All the qualities that
constitute the make-up of the < ,
ideal officer and soldier —
without hauteur,
physical bearing, intelligence.
courage, genius to command
and willingness to obey, with
paternal regard for those
under him — he possessed in
an eminent degree. Such ,
was the estimate of those
with whom he served and
knew him best. Had there
been any weak point in his
character, it would have been
discovered in our four years'
, TT. . „ cor., tames
struggle. Historians tell us
that the testimony of contemporaries is always regarded as
the strongest evidence. Under this test the life and character
of James Tillman as a man, a soldier, a civilian, and a hus-
band will bear the severest scrutiny.
No greater encomium can adorn the
record of any man. As a soldier, from •
the time of his enlistment as a private
in 1861 to the date of his surrender
under Jo Johnston in North Carolina as
colonel in 1865, his escutcheon has no
blemish, but shines forth resplendently.
What higher tribute can be paid to him
as a soldier than to say he was one of
the four colonels assigned to command
the four consolidated regiments formed
from Cheatham's Division upon the re-
organization of the Army of Tennessee
in Carolina shortly before the battle of
Bentonville, the last of the war east of
the Mississippi?
These regiments constituted the now
historic brigade commanded by Brig.
Gen. Joseph B. Palmer, of Murfrees-
boro, which, together with the remnant
of Gist's South Carolina Brigade, then
commanded by Col. Hume Feild, were
all that was left of that heroic body of
men which gave so much glory and re-
nown to Tennessee, from Belmont to
Bentonville, in whose bloody path lay
Shiloh, Perryville, Donelson, Murfrees-
boro, Chickamauga, the Georgia Cam-
paign, Franklin, and Nashville, in which
engagements Tennessee troops largely
predominated. No division in either of
the grand armies of the Confederacy
has a better record than the body known
as Cheatham's Division. To have been
an active member of that command is honor enough for any
man, officer or private.
James D. Tillman enlisted in one of the Bedford County
companies included in the 41st Tennessee Regiment, organ-
ized at Camp Trousdale in Sumner County in November,
1861, of which Robert Farquharson was elected colonel;
I illman was elected lieutenant in his company. Soon after
organization the regiment was sent to Bowling Green, Ky„
to the army of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. After the fall
of Fort Henry, on the Tennessee, this regiment, with others,
was sent to Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland, and assigned
to the brigade of Colonel Baldwin, of Buckner's Division. In
this capacity it participated in the three days' continuous bat-
tle at that place through rain, sleet, and snow and was sur-
rendered with the rest of the army to that of General Grant,
after a most heroic and gallant resistance, on the 16th of
February, 1862, which constituted the initial step in the de-
cline and fall of the Confederacy.
This regiment remained in prison — the privates and non-
commissioned officers being sent to Indianapolis, the line of-
ficers to Camp Chase, and the commissioned officers to Fort
Warren — until September, 1863, when exchange was effected
at Vicksburg. A regimental and company reorganization then
followed, at which time Farquharson was reelected colonel ;
Lieut. James D. Tillman, lieutenant colonel ; and T. G. Miller,
major. After the fall of Vicksburg, on the 4th of July, 1863,
this regiment, with others, was sent to the army of General
Bragg, then at Chattanooga, and under the command of Lieu-
tenant Colonel Tillman took part in the great battle of Chicka-
i
6i
tS"
/.,
. H
.
M-A JJ,( Jf* Y /,/
&«& «
-C-< t
I
/''
■zC
.
.
■
'■ -
/
■
■
1 -<" s/u
: ^*fi3*
-in
Facsimile of the commission given to Colonel Tillman, at the time of the North
Carolina reorganization, for gallant and meritorious conduct on many a field of bat-
tle. It was the last promotion of the Confederacy and in its silence speaks far
more potently and eloquently than is possible for either tongue or pen.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
441
mauga on the 19th and 20th of September, the colonel on
account of age and disability having been placed on the re-
tired list. Gen. Bushrod Johnson, in his official report of this
battle, speaks in high terms of the conduct of the 41st Regi-
ment and its commander. Brigadier General Gregg having
been wounded early in the battle, the command of the brigade
fell upon Colonel Sugg, who in his official report says:
"Adjusting my line, the brigade again moved forward in gal-
lant style under a heavy fire. Here Lieut, Col. James D.
Tillman, commanding the 41st Tennessee, was wounded while
gallantly leading his men."
Before the beginning of the Georgia campaign, in 1864, in
the Army of Tennessee, then under the command of Gen
Jo Johnston, a readjustment of the Tennessee troops was
had, and this regiment was transferred from the division of
Gen. Bushrod Johnson and placed in Maney's Brigade of
Cheatham's Division.
Cheatham's Division on the 30th of April, 1864, a short
time before the forward movement of General Sherman be
gan, consisted of Vaughn's Brigade, under Gen. A. J. Vaughn :
Wright's Brigade, under Col. John C Carter: Strahl's Bri-
gade, under Gen. O. F. Strahl: and Maney's Brigade, under
Col. George C. Porter. The division thus formed remained
practically unchanged throughout the campaign, except an
it 1 .isicmal change of brigade and division commanders, until
the re-formation of the army tinder General Hood al Pal
metto, Ga., preparatory to bis advance movement into Ten-
nessee in November, 1864.
Col. George C. Porter, in his "Regimental Historj of Ten-
nessee tnfantrj ["roops," has this to say of the 41st Tennessee
and its commander near the close of its separate historj
" I he 41st entered gladly into this disastrous march into Ten-
nessee, and no regiment did more gallant fighting or suf-
fered more in the battle of Franklin. The few men and of
fleers who survived bullets, picket duty, marches, and dis-
ease— if without hope, still had pride — returned to the south
side of the Tennessee River, having been transferred with
the vest of the army to North Carolina in April. 1865, and
surrendered under Gen. Jo Johnston al Salisbury. Col. James
D. Tillman was one of the four regimental commanders (Col.
Anderson Searcy, Lieut Col. 0. \ Bradshaw, and Col.
Horace Rice being the others) wl mmanded the foui
'Tennessee regiments constituting all of the thirty-eight that
marched forth to fight the battles of their COUntr; Colonel
'Tillman is the only one of these brave and heroic colonels
now living All the rest have passed away, and let us bnpe
that 'after life's fitful fever they sleep well.'" Alas' '
has now crossed the river and. with his comrades gone before.
rests beneath the shade.
"How sleep the brave who sink to rest
B] all their country's wishes blest'"
.lames Davidson 'Tillman, the eldest son of Lewis and
Catherine Davidson Tillman, of Bedford County. Tenn , was
horn in that county on the 25th of November, 1841. His
father was for many years connected with the courts of his
•county, had served in the Seminole War. and was colonel of
a militia regiment before the War between the States. James
D, Tillman was a graduate from the University of Nashville
and was a student in the Law Department of Cumberland
University at the beginning of hostilities between the North
and the South, in 1861. At the close of the war. in 1865, he
returned to his home, in Shelbyville. Tenn,. and, having per-
fected himself in hi- profession, entered actively into the
practice of law in his native town. On the 28th of February.
1866, he married Miss Fannie Bonner, the beautiful and ac-
complished daughter of Dr. William Bonner, an eminent
physician and surgeon of Fayetteville, Tenn., where he sub-
sequently resided and engaged in the practice of his profes-
sion with Mr. James B. Lamb, formerly of Memphis, Tenn..
who had married the elder daughter of Dr. Bonner. After
the death of Mr. Lamb, he formed a partnership with William
B. Lamb, son of his former partner, who is now one of Ten-
nessee's famous ju-
rists and barristers.
Colonel T i 1 1 m a n
served his State in
both branches of
the legislature and
was at all tim<
of the prominent
and leading mem-
bers of these bodies.
On the 28th of
ruary. 1916. the
golden wedding of
this devoted couple
was celebrated at
their home, in Fay-
etteville, this motto.
'Fife's evening will
take the character
"f the day that pre-
I it." being the
appropriate senti-
ment of the
MM,,. Short!} thereafter his health began to decline rapidly:
< Friday, the [6th of June last, at his home, in Fayette-
ville, he passed away. The obsequies were held the following
Sunday at the First Presbyterian Church, of which for many
years he had been a ruling elder, the ceremony being per-
formed In the Rev. R. S. Brown, assisted by Elders T. C.
Little and C. E. Woolridge. His body rests in Rose Hill, the
beautiful city cemetery, there to awail the morning of the
1 1 surrection.
His life was gentle, and the elements so mixed in him that
the true type of Southern manhood was fully exemplified in
his personality, the verification of which makes pertinent the
inquiry: "Need anything more be said?"
The survivors of Colonel Tillman's family are his wife and
brothers and one sister: Judge G. X. and Abram M. Till-
man, of Nashville; Lewis Tillman, of Knoxville; Col. Samuel
E. Tillman, of Princeton. V J.; Commander E. H. Tillman.
U. S. N., retired: and Mrs Willi, un II. Brannan, of Fayette-
ville.
LATE I'KTtKK OK COLONEI ill I man
O, tears are not for those who leave this bleak world for the
blest;
Not for the servants of tin- Lord who from their labors rest;
Not for the loved departed, m life's glad summer gone,
Hut for the broken-hearted who tread the world alone;
And not for thee who all the paths of righteousness hath
trod
And now, when full of honored years, art gathered up to
God.
— F. 0. Ticknoi .
442
C^ogfederat^ tfeterap.
NORTH CAROLINA'S WAR GOVERNOR IN
STATUARY HALL.
The Old North State has honored herself in placing a statue
of her great war Governor, Zebulon B. Vance, in Statuary
Hall at Washington as one of the two that each State is al-
lowed to place in the National Hall of Fame. Zebulon Baird
Vance served his State with singular devotion and ability as
soldier, governor, and legislator, and he held a place in the
hearts of his people of which he was justly proud and which
he well deserved. Few men are gifted as was Senator Vance.
An eloquent and brilliant orator, an able debater, a profound
thinker, a man of great constructive ability, he stood high in
the estimation of the country ; but he was more loved and
esteemed for his patriotism, his integrity and honesty, and his
unswerving devotion to his people as a public official.
Thursday, June 22. was the day on which was formally pre-
sented to the United States this handsome bronze statue of
North Carolina's best-loved son. It was unveiled by little
Dorothy Espey Pillow, great-granddaughter of Senator
Vance, in the presence of a distinguished gathering, largely
of North Carolinians, among them being Secretary of the
Navy Josephus Daniels and wife, Governor Craig, Mrs. Vance
and son. Judge and Mrs. Hoke, J. H. Martin, Secretary of
State, Mrs. J. Bryan Grimes, Mrs. R. E. Little, President of
North Carolina Division, U. D. C, and Bishop and Mrs. Joseph
Blount Cheshire, of Raleigh. Judge Hoke, of the State Su-
preme Court, presided over the exercises, and after the invo-
cation by Bishop Cheshire he told of the work of the com-
mittee in the "task" which had been to each member "a grate-
ful undertaking" in placing before the American people as
their representative in what is broad-minded and patriotic,
courageous, steadfast, and true, "an illustrious citizen, distin-
guished for civic and military virtues — a great leader of his
people in war and in peace, great in intellect, great in char-
acter and achievement, great in the breadth and quality of
sympathy. His people followed him with unfaltering trust
for more than thirty of the most eventful years of their
history and were not disappointed. * * * His hold upon
the affections of the people of North Carolina endures and
grows with the years."
Governor Craig presented the statue to the United States
government, and it was received by Vice President Marshall,
as the representative of the nation, who made a brief speech.
Floral tributes were then placed about the base of the statue,
and the party adjourned to the Senate, where Senators Over-
man, Lodge, and Smith paid tribute to their illustrious prede-
cessor.
"While Vance was wonderful as a soldier, war Governor,
and representative of his people in the Senate, it was perhaps
as 'peace' Governor that he rendered the greatest service to
the generations who were to follow those who fought to save
the State from the grasping and dissolute hands of carpet-
baggers and scalawags," said the News and Observer of
Raleigh, N. C. It was in 1870 that he was elected to the
United States Senate, yet because of "political disabilities"
he was not permitted to take his seat. He was nominated for
Governor in 1872; but, smarting under the rebuff received at
Washington, he declined to accept. Again, in 1876, the nomi-
nation was tendered him ; but he felt that his nomination would
not strengthen his party, and not until considerable pressure
was brought to bear did he accept. His campaign with
Thomas Settle, as nominee of the Republican party, stirred
the State as no other had ever done, and Vance received a
majority of more than fifteen thousand. His policies as
Governor were for uplift and were ably carried out under his
leadership and that of his able successor.
Governor Vance was again elected to the Senate in 1878
and remained a member of that body until his death, in 1894.
He was soon recognized as one of its ablest members and
was assigned to membership on its leading committees, and
his great work made him the acknowledged leader of his
party. As a member of the Finance Committee of 1890 he
thoroughly familiarized himself with the details of the tariff
bill and bore in a large measure the burden of that mem-
orable discussion. No debate was dull in which he engaged ;
story, epigram, and apt illustration lighted up many a tedious
discussion. It was universally recognized that he was "a
statesman of the highest order and a political leader of com-
manding powers and influence."
The statue of Senator Vance is the work of Gutzon Borg-
lum, a noted sculptor of to-day, and is said to be the finest
piece of statuary in the hall. It is of heroic size and depicts
him in the attitude of making a speech.
Dorothy Espey Pillow, the little girl who unveiled the
statue, is the granddaughter of Senator Vance's son David.
She and her little sister Phyllis are the only children de-
scendants. Three of his sons are living: Maj. Zebulon B.
Vance, of Charlotte, N. C. ; Hon. Thomas M. Vance, of the
State of Washington ; and Charles N. Vance, of Asheville,
N. C.
THE HONOR ROLL.
Upon the rolls of the Department of Confederate Records
for the commonwealth of Virginia at Richmond appear the
names of five Jackson brothers which form truly a roll of
honor in their devoted service to the cause of the Confeder-
acy. These names are here given as they appear upon the
records of the department, certified to by Joseph V. Bid-
good, Secretary :
John E. Jackson enlisted in September, 1861, as a private in
Company C, 12th Virginia Infantry; was captured in the bat-
tle of Burgess Mill October 27, 1864, released, and again cap-
tured on the retreat of the Army of Northern Virginia ii>
April, 1865.
William A. Jackson enlisted in April, 1861, as a private in
Company C, 3d Virginia Infantry, engaged in the second
captured in September, 1862, in the battle of Crampton Gap,
Md., released, and served until the end of the war.
Ashton A. Jackson enlisted in April, 1861, as a private in
Company C, 3d Virginia Infantry; promoted to fourth corporal.
He was killed on Dr. Gaines's farm June 27, 1862, on the
morning of the battle of Gaines's Mill.
George T. Jackson enlisted August 29, 1862, as a private in
Company C. 3d Virginia Infantry; engaged in the second
battle of Manassas, August 30, 1862; wounded near Rich-
mond, also wounded and captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3.
1863. He was killed near Petersburg in April, 1865.
Thomas B. Jackson enlisted as a private in Company C. 3d
Virginia Infantry, in April, 1861 ; promoted to second lieutenant
at Fredericksburg, Va., in December, 1862; wounded and cap-
tured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3. 1863; released March 22.
1865. and received a thirty-day-parole furlough.
The last-named is now Adjutant of Pickett-Buchanan Camp,
U. C. V, of Norfolk. Va.
Qoi)federat<? l/eterap.
443
31 Mil OF ZEBULOX B. VANCE. OF NORTH CAROLINA, IN THE CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON, P. C.
(By courtesy of the News mid Observer, Raleigh, N. C.)
444
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
FOUR YEARS OF WAR IN BRIEF.
[From Macon Telegraph. n»t_'.]
Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States
in November, i860.
South Carolina seceded December 20, i860.
Mississippi seceded January 9. 1S61.
Alabama and Florida seceded January [I, 1861.
Georgia seceded January 19. 1861.
Louisiana seceded January 26, 1861.
Texas seceded February 1, 1861.
The seceded States met in Congress at Montgomery, Ala.,
February 4. 1861.
National Peace Conference at Washington February 4, 1861.
The Confederacy.
The Constitution of the Confederate States adopted Feb-
ruary 8, 1861.
Jefferson Davis elected President and A. H. Stephens Vice
President February 8. 1861.
Jefferson Davis inaugurated President February 18, 1861.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter began April 12, 1861.
Surrender of Fort Sumter April 13, 1861.
Virginia seceded April 17. 1861.
Baltimore riot. April 18, 1861.
Lincoln's blockade proclamation. April 19, 1861.
F'ederal evacuation of Harper*s Ferry, April 19, 1861.
Norfolk Navy Yard abandoned by the Federals April 20.
1861.
Virginia admitted to the Confederacy May 6, 1861.
Tennessee seceded May 6, 1861.
Arkansas admitted to the Confederacy May 18, 1861.
Seat of Confederate government removed from Mont-
gomery to Richmond May 20, 1861.
North Carolina seceded May 21, 1861.
Federal occupation of Alexandria May 24, 1861.
Battles in Virginia in 1861.
Big Bethel, June 10, 1861.
Gen. J. E. Johnston abandoned Harper's Ferry June 13, 1861.
Rich Mountain, July 11, 1861.
Manassas. July 21. 1861.
Carnifix Ferry, September 10, 1861.
Leesburg. October 20, 1861.
Dranesville, December 20, 1861.
Battles in the Trans-Mississippi.
Booneville, Mo., June 20. 1861.
Carthage, Mo., July 5, 1861.
Oak Hill, August 10, 1861.
Capture of Lexington, Mo., September 20. 1861 .
Naval Affairs in 1861.
Fight off Hatteras, August 28, 1861.
Off Port Royal, November 7, 1861.
Commodore Wilkins forcibly took Mason and Slidell from
the English vessel Trent November 8, 1861.
Battles in Virginia and Maryland in 1862.
Johnston's retreat from Manassas and Centerville, March
8, 1862.
Battle of Kernstown, Marcli 23, 1862.
Confederate conscript law, April 16, 1862.
Evacuation of Yorktown, May 4, 1862.
Battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862.
Battle of Front Royal, May 22, 1862,
Battle of Seven Pines, May 30, 1862.
Battle of Cross Keys, June 8, 1862.
Battle of Port Republic. June 8, 1862.
Battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, 1862.
Battle of Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862.
Battle of Frazier's Farm, June 30, 1862.
Battle of Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862.
Battle of Savage Station, June 29, 1862.
Battle of Cedar Run, August 9, 1862.
Battle of Second Manassas, August 30, 1862.
Lee entered Maryland September 5, 1862.
Capture of Harper's Ferry, September 15, 1862.
Battle of Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.
Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.
Battles South and West in 1862.
Fishing Creek, Ky., January 19, 1862.
Surrender of Roanoke Island, N. C, February 8, 1862.
Surrender of Fort Donelson, Tenn., February 16, 1862.
Surrender of Newbern, N. C, March 14, 1862.
Surrender of Island No. 10, April 7, 1862.
Battle of Shiloh, April 6. 1862.
Kail of New Orleans, May 1, 1862.
Fall of Memphis, June 6, 1862.
Battle of Baton Rouge, August 5, 1862.
Battle of Richmond, Ky., August 29, 1862.
Battle of Corinth, October 3, 4, 1862.
Battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862.
Battle of Murfreesboro. Tenn., December 31, 1802
Battles in the Trans-Mississippi.
Battle of Elkhorn, March 7, 1862.
Battle of Prairie Grove, December 8, 1862.
Naval Affairs in 1862.
Fight at Hampton Roads, March 8, 1862.
Naval attack on Drury's Bluff, May 15, 1862.
Battles in Virginia and Pennsylvania in 1863.
Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 3, 1863.
Battle of Winchester, early in June, 1863.
Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, 3, 1863.
Battle of Bristoe Station, October 14, 1863.
Fight at Germanna Ford, November 27, 1863.
Battles South and West in 1863.
Charleston, S. C, first attacked in April, 1863.
Battle of Baker's Creek, Miss., May 16, 1863.
Surrender of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863.
First assault on Fort Wagner, July II, 1863.
Second assault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863.
Gillmore's bombardment of Fort Sumter, August 18. 1863.
Morris Island taken September 6, 1863.
Surrender of Cumberland Gap, September 9, 1863.
Battle of Chickamauga, September 19, 1863.
Battle of Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863.
Trans-Mississippi, 1863.
Battle of Helena, Ark.. July 4, 1863.
Battles in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, 1864.
Dahlgren's raid on Richmond, March 1, 1864.
Battles of the Wilderness, May 5, 6, 1864.
Battles of Spottsylvania Courthouse, May 8, 12, 1864.
General Stuart killed at Yellow Tavern May 10, 1864.
Battle of New Market, May 15, 1864.
Beauregard "bottled" Butler below Richmond, Ky.. May
16, 1864.
Battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
Capture of Staunton, June 5. 1864.
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
445
Butler's attack on Petersburg, June 9, 1864.
Hunter repulsed at Lynchburg June 16, 17, 1864.
The "mine" attempt on Petersburg, July 30. 1864.
Battle of Monocacy, Md„ July, 1864.
Chambersburg, Pa., burned July 30, 1864.
Battle of Reams's Station, August 25, 1864. ,
Battle near Winchester, September 19, 1864.
Battle of Fisher's Hill, September 22, 1864.
Fall of Fort Harrison, September 29, 1864.
Battles South and West in 1864.
Battle of Ocean Pond, Fla., February 20, 1864. '
Cavalry light at Okolona, Miss., February 21, 1864.
First battle of Sherman's march, Resaca, June 14, 1804
Battle of New Hope, June 28, 1864.
Battle of Atlanta. July 20, 22, 23, 1864.
Battle of Jonesboro, Tenn., September, 1864.
Kali of Atlanta, September 2, 1864.
Battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864
Battle of Nashville, Tenn., December 14, 15, 1864.
Atlanta burned November 15, 1864.
Savannah evacuated December 28, 1864.
Trans-Mississippi.
Battle of Mansfield, La., April 8, 1864.
Battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9, 1864.
Battle of Big Blue River, Mo., October 23, 1864.
Naval Affairs in 1S64.
Fight in Mobile Bay. August 5, 1864.
Privateer Alabama sunk June 19, 1864.
Privateer Florida captured October 6, 1864.
Battles in Virginia in 1865.
Fortress Monroe conference, February 3, 1865.
Battle of Five Forks. April 1, 1865.
Grant assaults Lee's line April 2, 1865.
Evacuation of Richmond, etc., April 2, 1865.
Lee begins his retreat April 2, 1865.
Federal occupation of Richmond April 3, 1865.
Army of Northern Virginia surrendered by General Lee
at Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865.
Battles South and West in 1865.
1 lapture of Fort Fisher, N. C, January IS, 1865.
Columbia destroyed by Sherman February 17, 1865
Charleston evacuated February 17, 1865.
Battle of Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1865.
Mobile captured April 12, 1865.
Sherman and Johnston agree to a truce April 13, 1865.
-KEEP THE RECORD STRAIGHT."
BY H. T. OWEN, RICHMOND. VA.
In the April Veteran, page 148, Col. G. N. Saussy added
seven names of Confederate generals to the list of those born
in the Northern States, as furnished by John C. Stiles in the
March number. To these I have added twelve more names,
making altogether thirty-eight, without, however, any assur-
ance that these complete the roll.
Southern Generals Born in the North.
Adjutant and Inspector General Samuel Cooper, Maj. Gens.
Louis G. DeRussy, Frank Gardner. M. L. Smith, and Brig.
Gens. D. M. Frost, Archibald Gracie, William Steele, and
Walter H. Stevens were born in Xew York.
Lieut. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, Maj. Gens. Arnold Elzey and
Mansfield Lovell. and Brig. Gen. W. W. Mackall, District of
Columbia.
. Lieut. Gen. John C. Pemberton. Brig. Gens. Johnson M.
Duncan. Josiah Gorgas, William McComb, R. P. MacLay.
and William S. Walker, Pennsylvania.
Maj. Gen. S. G. French and Brig. Gen. J. A. DeLagnel.
Xew Jersey.
Maj. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson and Brig. Gens. D. H. Rey-
nolds, Roswell S. Ripley, and O. F. Strahl, Ohio.
Maj. Gen. L. L. Lomax, Rhode Island.
Maj. Gen. Daniel Ruggles and Brig. Gens. A. G. Blanrhard.
Joseph Colton, Charles Dimmock, F. A. Perry. Albert Pike,
and C. W. Sears, Massachusetts.
Brig. Gens. J. L. Alcorn, Illinois, D. Leadbetter, Maine, L.
S. Ross, Iowa, F. A. Shoup. Indiana, and C. H. Steven^.
Connecticut.
Foreign-Born Generals in rHi I onfederate Army.
Maj Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne and Brig. Gens. James Hagan
and Patrick T. Moore, Ireland; Maj. Gen. Count Charles .1.
Polignac, France; Brig. Gen. II. von Borckc, Germany; and
Brig inn. Charles T. Henningson, England.
SouTnERN-BoRN Generals in Northern Army.
Alabama: Maj. Gen. David Bell Birney, Brig. Gen. A. I
Hamilton, and Brevet Maj. Gen. William Bin
Florida: Brig. Gen. John B. Mcintosh.
Georgia: Brig. Gens. William A. Adams, Joel A. Dervey.
and Henry D. Wallen; Brevet Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs:
Brevet Brig. Gens. John M. Cuyler and George B. Dandy.
Kentucky: Maj. Gens. Robert Anderson, Francis P. Blair.
Edward R. S. Canby, J V McClcrnand, O. McK. Mitchell.
William Nelson, R. J. Oglesby, J. McC. Palmer, John Pope.
Lovel H. Rousseau, Thomas J. Wood; Brig. Gens. A. J
Alexander, B. S. Alexander, J. W. Barringcr, Robert C.
Buchanan, John Buford, N. B. Buford, Stephen G. Bur-
bridge, Chris Carson, Cassius M. Clay, Thomas T. Critten-
don, John Edwards, Speed S. Fry, Theophilus Gerrard, Willis
A. Gorman, Edward H. Hobson, William Hobson, \\ S
Hillier, J. Holt, James S. Jackson, Richard W. Johnson. Wil-
liam J. Landram, B. F. Loan, Eli Long, Thomas Marshall.
E. H. Murray, William M. Pinnick, William P. Sanders.
James M. Shackelford, Green C. Smith. J. P. Taylor, C. M
Thurston, J. B. S. Todd, Durban Ward, W. C. Whitaker :
Brevet Maj. Gens. Thomas L. Crittenden, J. T. Croxton.
Kcnner Gerard, James A. Williams: Brevet Brig. Gens. John
C. McFerran and Louis D. Watkins.
Louisiana: Maj. Gen. Henry H. Sibley, Brig. Gen. Joseph
R. West, and Brevet Maj. Gen. William S. Harney.
Maryland: Maj. Gens. William P. Benton, John M. Bran-
non, William H. Emory, William H. French, E. O. C. Ord.
George Sykes, and E. O. C. Ward ; Brig. Gens. Martin Burke.
James Cooper, Osborne Cross, Andrew Dennison, William A.
Hammond, Henry M. Judah, John R. Kenly, Jacob G. Lan-
man, William Manadier, W. W. Orme, Charles M. Prevost.
and James H. Stokes; Brevet Mai. Gen. James L. Donald-
son; Brevet Brig. Gens. Henry C. Bankhead. George Bell.
Robert C. Buchanan, Horatio G. Gibson, C M. McKeever.
Thomas A. McParlin, Elwell S. Otis, and R H K. Whiter*
Missouri : Brig. Gens. Fred S. Dent, F. C. Fletcher, Gabriel
R. Paul, and Thomas F. Wright; Brevet Maj. Gens. A. L.
Chetlain and L. C. Easton ; Brevet Brig. Gens. J. C. Phelps
and William M. Wherry.
North Carolina: Brig. Gens. John B. Callis. Joseph R. Haw-
ley, Andrew Johnson, and Solomon Meredith ; Brevet Brie
Gen. William R. Benton.
446
Qp\)federat<( Veteraij.
South Carolina: Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont and Brevet
Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbert
Tennessee : Brig. Gens. John J. Abercrombie, Samuel C.
Armstrong. James P. Brownlow, William B. Campbell. Sam-
uel P. Carter, Joseph A. Cooper, Isham X. Haynie, Thomas
J. Henderson, and James G. Spears; Brevet Maj. Gen. A. C.
Gillem.
Texas: Brevet Brig. Gen. James A. Hall.
Virginia: Lieut. Gen. Winfield Scott, commander in chief;
Maj. Gens. John Love, John New, John Newton, B. M. Pren-
tis, Jesse L. Reno, J. J. Reynolds, G. A. Smith, and George
H. Thomas ; Brig. Gens. Jacob Ammen. William H. Ball, J.
T. Boyle, Edward C. Carrington. J. M. Crebbs, John W.
Davidson. J. W. Denver, Isaac H. Duval. X. Goff. L. S.
Graham, Thomas H. Harris. William Hays. John B. Hender-
son, Robert E. Johnson. James S. Martin, Thomas L. Price,
George D. Ramsey, Alexander W. Reynolds, John D. Steven-
son, David H. Strother, William R. Terrill, and John C. Tid-
ball : Brevet Maj. Gens. Philip St. George Cooke, A. B. Dyer,
Henry E. Menadier, Henry A. Morrow, and John P. Shanks:
Brevet Brig. Gens. E. B. Alexander, B. W. Brice, W. Sea-
well, Charles H. Tompkins. William Ward, and Robert Wil-
liams.
Aggregate, 160.
Foreign-Born Generals in Xorthern Army.
Canada: Maj. Gen. Jacob B. Cox.
England : Brig. Gens. John W. Fuller and T. J. Lester.
France : Brig. Gens. Gustave Paul Cluseret, Philip R. De
Trobriand, Charles A. De Villiers, and Alfred X. Duffie ;
Brevet Brig. Gens. Felix Agnus, Benjamin L. E. Bonneville,
and John J. Milham.
Germany: Maj. Gens. August V. Kuntz, Carl Schurz. and
Franz Sigal ; Brig. Gens. Louis Burgin, Louis Blenker, Henry
Bohlen, Alexander Shimmelfenning, Baron A. W. T. Stein-
wehr, and Max Weber; Brevet Brig. Gens. J. J. Conrad and
Lewis Johnson.
Ireland: Maj. Gen. Christopher Andrews; Brig. Gens.
Richard Busteed, Patrick E. Conner, Michael Corcoran,
Alexander Cummings, William Gamble, Samuel Graham, S.
J. McGroarty. Robert Patterson, James Shields, Thomas
Smyth, P. T. Sullivan, Thomas W. Sweeny, and Thomas L.
Young; Brevet Maj. Gens. Richard H. Jackson and R. H. G.
Minty: Brevet Brig. Gens. T. P. Andrews. Thomas F.
Meagher, and Robert Xugent.
Prussia : Maj. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus ; Brig. Gens. Leo-
pold Blunnessburg, Joseph Karge, John A. Koltz. Felix P.
Salm, Frederick Salman, and Fred Solomon: Brevet Maj.
Gen. August Willich.
Scotland : Brig. Gens. James L. Geddes, R. M. Hall, John
M. McArthur, and Clinton D. McDongot ; Brevet Maj. Gen.
P. S. Michie.
Hungary: Maj. Gen. Julius Sathel ; Brig. Gens. Alexander
Sander Ashboth and Albin Schoeff.
Nova Scotia : Brig. Gens. John McXeil and M. R. Morgan.
Wales: Brig. Gens. Joshua T. Owen and W. H. Powell.
Spain and Cuba : Brig. Gens. Edward Ferrero and J. P.
Garesche. Italy : Brig. Gen. F. E. Prime. Norway : Brig. Gen.
Hans C. Heg. Sweden: Brig. Gen. Charles J. M. Stolbrand.
Russia: Brig. Gen. John Basil Turchin, Switzerland: Brig.
Gen. John Eugene Smith.
Aggregate, 67.
The number of officers of all grades reported in the United
States navy in October. 1862, was 1,464, of whom 298 were
born in the slave States. When Admiral Farragut's fleet cap-
tured Forts Jackson and St. Philip, six out of eighteen of his
largest ships were commanded by Southern-born commanders.
Capt. John A. Winslow. of the Kearsarge. which sank the
Alabama, was a Xorth Carolinian.
SCPDE.X CHANGE IX XORTHERX SENTIMENT AS
TO COF.RCIOX IX 1S61.
BY JAMES H. m'nEILLY, D.D.. NASHVILLE, TENN.
To understand aright the nature of the War between the
States in the years 1861-65 there must be a clear and definite
understanding of the one supreme issue on which that war
was fought. On the part of the North, it was to establish the
paramount authority of the Federal government over that of
the States and so to centralize its power as to make a nation
rather than a republic. On the part of the South, it was a
contest for the sovereignty of the States, guaranteed by the
Constitution, and so to maintain a federated republic, into
which the States had originally entered.
This involved the right of a State to be the ultimate judge
as to the violation of her rights under the Constitution and
of the mode and measure of the remedy. And so it asserted
the right of a State to withdraw from the compact of union
whenever she should deem her highest interests demanded.
This right was especially insisted on and reserved by Vir-
ginia and New York and afterwards by North Carolina and
Rhode Island in adopting the Constitution and was asserted,
with the threat to exercise it, by New England in 1804. 1814.
and 1845. When certain Southern States exercised this right
in 1861 and. formed the Confederate States, the Federal gov-
ernment waged war to coerce them to remain in the Union.
Necessarily it was on the part of the United States a war
of aggression and on the part of the Confederate States a
war of defense.
Xow, it was on this policy of coercion that in the Xorthern
States the most sudden and remarkable change of sentiment
occurred in the early spring of 1861. Mr. Davis in his his-
tory of the Confederate government speaks of it as a change
or a suppression of sentiment, but does not try to explain it.
Mr. Stephens in his book. "The War between the States,"
attributes the change to a speech of Senator Andrew John-
son in the Senate of the United States. I believe that the
change, in so far as it was real, was brought about by Presi-
dent Lincoln and his Secretary of State, Mr. Seward, by
deceiving the South as to their peaceful purposes until they
were ready to force the firing on Fort Sumter ; and then when
they had made that bombardment necessary by their attempt,
contrary to their promise, to reenforce the fort, they shouted
that the flag had been fired upon, and so induced a majority
of the Xorthern people to believe that the Confederate States
had started a war against the Union.
Xorthern Opposition to Coercion of the South.
There were three classes in the Xorth who opposed the
policy of coercing the Southern States :
1. There was the party of radical abolitionists, led by
Horace Greeley, Wendell Phillips, and William Lloyd Garri-
son, who had declared the Constitution and the Union under
it "a covenant with death and a league with hell." These,
proclaiming the right of secession, welcomed it as a release
from a union with slaveholders, a union which they hated.
2. There was a large majority of those who opposed Mr.
Lincoln's election— a majority of nearly a million — a large
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
447
part of them in the Northern States. Of this body Mr. Buch-
anan was a representative. As President he announced that
the Federal government had no right to coerce the seceding
States, whatever might be thought as to the right of secession.
3. There was a considerable element of the party that
elected Mr. Lincoln, including some of his cabinet, who op-
posed coercion as sure to bring on war, and they believed
that a policy of concession would ultimately bring the South-
ern States back into the Union.
The Northern papers of the period show general opposition
to the policy of coercion, and this opposition was voiced in
great mass meetings in Northern cities, as in Boston and
New York.
The problem is to account for the change of sentiment by
which in so short a time the very ones who had denied the
right of coercion and those who welcomed a dissolution of
the Union became the most bitter and furious advocates of
a war of extermination against the South as a nest of treason
filled with "rebels" and "traitors." How was the "war spirit
aroused ?"
Efforts of the South tor Peace
The election of Mr. Lincoln in 1S60 was the triumph of a
sectional party pledged to a denial of the equal rights of the
Southern States in the territories which were largelj gained
by Southern valor and diplomacy. The same party also by its
personal liberty bills had nullified the part of the Constitution
guaranteeing the rights of Southern owners to their property
escaping into a Northern State and had defied the judgment
of the Supreme Court of the United Stales as to the rights of
the States under the Constitution. .Mr. Lincoln was elected
In a vote of [,866,352 out of 4,676,853, and Ins votes
were almost entirely in the North; so that he was em-
phatically a sectional President, who had declared his convic-
tion that the Union "could not permanently remain half slave
and half free." as originally founded. What could the South-
ern States expect hut thai when he came into power as Presi-
dent he would strive to make his conviction a reality'
It was declared over and over through the South that the
election of Mr. Lincoln would justify secession of the South-
ern States; and when his election became a fact, seven of the
Southern States exercised their riglu- ami withdrew from
the Union, These seven States, entering into a new compact,
formed the Confederate States of America, with its capital
at Montgomery, Ala. adopting a Constitution differing From
thai of the United Staler only ill more carefully guarding the
sovereignty of the States. The Confederate government,
with Mr. Jefferson Davis as its head, at once took steps for a
peaceable adjustment of all questions arising from the separa-
tion and sent a commission of three of its most eminent citi-
zens to Washington to negotiate friendly relations. The treat-
ment of these commissioners will be told of in a following pari
of this article.
(»n the 20th of December, i860. South Carolina had adopted
the ordinance of secession, and on the 26th of December her
three commissioners appeared in Washington to negotiate for
the turning over of the forts which commanded Charleston
Harbor to the State, which had granted them Originally only
for purposes of defense of the State. These commissioners
wrn- abruptly dismissed with a refusal by President Buch-
anan. Meanwhile strenuous efforts were made by Southern
members in the United States Congress to bring about a
pe, 1. cable settlement without a permanent dissolution of the
Union, Mr. Crittenden, the venerable Senator from Kentucky,
proposed certain amendments to the Constitution, which were
rejected by the party in power. Then an act was passed ap-
pointing a committee of thirteen members of Congress to con-
sider and report some plan of settlement. This committee,
appointed December 20. i860, reported on December 31 their
inability to agree because of the refusal of the members of the
Republican party to make any concession that might stay the
progress of secession by guaranteeing the rights of the South.
But the State of Virginia determined to make one more
effort for peace and the ultimate preservation of the Union.
On the iqth of January. 1S01. her legislature invited all the
States willing to adjust existing controversies to send com-
missioners to Washington to meet on February 4. to agree,
if possible, on some suitable adjustment. Fourteen Northern
States responded, some very reluctantly, and seven slave-
holding Stale- were represented, not including those which
bad seceded. After three weeks' deliberation, the majoritv
of the conference agreed on a plan which it was hoped might
he acceptable to all parties ami put an end to further conten-
tion. The plan of the peace conference was treated with con-
temptuous indifference and defeated bj the vol,- of the Re-
publican members of Congress just a day or two before Mr.
Lincoln's inauguration.
1 i;i \i\ii\t of Confederate Commissioners.
On the I2th of March, l86l, eight days after Mr. Lincoln's
inauguration, the Confederate commissioners addressed a
note to Mr. Sew anl. Secretary of State, asking for an inter-
view in order to have a conference for the purpose of adjust-
ing all questions between the United States and the Confed-
erate States government. To this request no answer was n
turned at the time. But to Supreme Justice Nelson, of New
York, who had come to protest against coercion as unconsti
tutional. Mr. Seward intimated that to receive the commis-
sioners officially would be taken as an acknowledgment of the
independence of tin- Confederacy, which tin Northern peopli
would not stand. Then Supreme Justice Campbell, of Ala-
bama, was asked by Justice Xelsoii to call with him on the
Secretary, which they did. and tin Secntan told them that
the immediate recognition of the commissioners would not be
sustained by sentiment at the North in connection with the
withdrawal of troops from Fort Sumter, which had been de-
termined on. When Judge Campbell proposed to write to
President Davis the substance of the interview. Mr. Seward
authorized him to say to Mi. Lav is thai before that letter
should reach him the order foi the evacuation of Fort Sumter
would have been made. This was on March [5, t86i ["hence-
forth the negotiations between th< commissioners ami Mi
Seward were through Judges Campbell and Nelson and
turned on the evacuation of Fort Sumter as determining the
question of coercion or peace, for all recognized that coercion
meant war. Five days after the assurance of the Secretary
that the fort should be evacuated there was evidence that it
was being strengthened, Mr. Seward assured the commis-
sioners, through Judge Campbell, that the delay in evacuation
was accidental and did not involve the integrity of his as-
surance that the evacuation would take place.
On the 19th of March Mr. t '.. V. Fox. afterwards Assistant
Secretary of the Navy, who had a plan for the relief of Fort
Sumter, went, with Mr. Lincoln's consent, to Charleston,
where, on his arrival on the 21st of March, he obtained per-
mission from Governor Pickens to visit Fort Sumter "ex-
pressly on the pledge of pacific purposes." There he matured
his plan for furnishing supplies and reenforcements to the
garrison, lie did not communicate his plan to Major Ander-
448
C^opfederat^ tfeterap.
son, the commanding officer of the fort. He reported the re-
sult of his visit at Washington. His plan was approved by
President Lincoln, and he was sent to New York to arrange
for its execution. After a few days Colonel Lamon, another
confidential agent, was sent by President Lincoln ostensibly
10 arrange for the removal of the garrison. On leaving he
expressed hope to Governor Pickens of a speedy return for
that purpose. He never returned.
On the 30th of March, after Colonel Lamon's departure.
Governor Pickens wrote to the commissioners inquiring the
meaning of the prolonged delay in fulfilling the promise of
evacuation. This dispatch was taken by Judge Campbell to
Mr. Seward, who answered on April 1, saying that "the
government will not attempt to supply Fort Sumter without
giving notice to Governor Pickens." Being asked by Judge
Campbell if there had been a change as to the former com-
munications, Mr. Seward answered, "None." Let it be borne
in mind that all this occurred while Mr. Fox was making
active, though secret, preparations for his relief expedition.
On the 7th of April, the commissioners becoming impatient,
having heard of the projected relief expedition, Judge Camp-
bell asked Mr. Seward whether the assurances so often given
were well or ill founded. To this the Secretary returned an-
swer in writing: "Faith as to Sumter fully kept. Wait and
see." At that time the relief expedition had already sailed from
New York for Charleston ; for on the 8th of April Mr. Chew,
an official of the State Department in Washington, delivered
to Governor Pickens and to General Beauregard an official
notification, without date or signature, that the attempt would
be made to supply Fort Sumter. Mr. Chew said that this
notification was from the President of the United States and
was delivered to him (Chew) on April 6. The relief expedi-
tion, or squadron, consisted of eight vessels carrying twenty-
six guns and fourteen hundred men, including troops sent to
reenforce the garrison. It should have reached Charleston
on the 9th, before General Beauregard could have prepared
to receive it; but it was delayed by a tempest and was lying
just outside of the harbor on the 12th of April when General
Beauregard was bombarding Fort Sumter, which was sur-
rendered after a gallant defense on the 13th of April, the gar-
rison marching out with the honors of war.
The State of Virginia, while believing in the right of seces-
sion, did not wish to exercise it at that time. She believed
that if the Federal government would abstain from all acts of
aggression and evacuate the Southern forts she could hold
the border States in the Union and ultimately bring the se-
ceded States back into the Union. When the tension was
greatest, she sent three commissioners to Washington to learn
definitely the President's policy. The commissioners only
reached Washington on April 12 and had the interview on
the 13th, the day of the surrender of Fort Sumter. They
urged forbearance and the giving up of the Southern forts.
In answer Mr. Lincoln read a paper which, while ambiguous
and evasive, professed peaceful intentions. He objected to
such a course in that all goods would be imported through
Southern ports and so dry up the sources of his revenue ; but
he expressly disclaimed all purpose of war. Mr. Seward
and Attorney-General Bates gave also to the commissioners the
same assurances of peace. The following day the commis-
sioners returned to Richmond, and the very train on which
they traveled bore Mr. Lincoln's proclamation calling for
seventy-five thousand men to subdue the Confederate States.
which were characterized as being in insurrection against the
government of the United States.
Thus the War between the States was brought on by a de-
liberate system of deception, which in politics is called "diplo-
macy," in morals is called "duplicity," in business is called
"plain lying," by two of the very ablest and craftiest politi
cians — they would say statesmen — in the party of centraliza-
tion. With all the professions of peaceful intentions, it was.
the purpose of that party to wage a war of subjugation on the
Southern States and to establish a strong centralized power at
Washington to be administered in the interests of the commer-
cial and manufacturing classes.
Aims and Results.
That the real aim and purpose of the leaders of the party
that elected Mr. Lincoln was coercion and war upon the South
is evident from the fact that, while Mr. Seward was tem-
porizing with the Southern commissioners, seven of the radi-
cal Northern Governors, called War Governors, came to Mi-
Lincoln, "breathing out threatenings and slaughter," and de-
manded that he should use the forces of the United States
to subdue the "rebellion." making no concessions to the "slave
power." Mr. Seward himself in the beginning of April, 1861,
had submitted to Mr. Lincoln certain suggestions as to his;
policy, among which was that the issue in the coming conflict
should be union or disunion and that no concession should
be made to the South.
The evident purpose of the President and his Secretary of
State was to delay action by the South by fair promises and
at the same time to appear as sympathizing with Northern
anticoercion sentiment until they were ready to force the
Confederates to bombard Fort Sumter. Then they could cry :
"The flag has been fired on by the Rebels. Rally to the de-
fense of the Union." At once' with the unreasoning fury of
a mob, large masses of the Northern people took up the cry.
"Save the Union," and charged that the South had begun
war on the Union; while, in fact, the South was only defend
ing herself against an attack which was on the way to be
delivered. The leaders, who cared nothing for the flag, suc-
ceeded in inspiring in the North "a star-spangled state of
mind," which persists to this day: so that as to the war, its
history and purposes, they see everything by starlight rather
than by the clear light of day. And Northern historians of
the war have generally concealed or perverted the facts to the
utter misrepresentation of the South, her acts and motives.
With no other purpose than to bring the facts as to the
beginning of that terrible four years of war between the
States to the attention of the present generation of the South,
this article is written. During those four years I was a sol-
dier of the Confederacy, and my only regret is that it did not
succeed. But. bowing in humble submission to the will of
God, the Confederate soldier accepts the new order of things
■ — a nation rather than a republic — and in good faith to make
the nation a blessing to all the people. One of the saddest
results of centralization is the distinct arraying of two mighty
classes against each other, and these classes are in conflict
for the possession of the government. It is a burning question
whether we shall be ruled by the plutocracy by bribery and
corruption or by the proletariat with force and fraud.
The great duty before all good citizens, Confederates and
Federals, is to strive to bring about harmonious cooperation
of all classes for the common good, and this we can do while
we still hold in sacred memory the motives and deeds of those
who offered their lives and fortunes for the principles of con-
stitutional liberty in a federated republic.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
449
MORGAN'S ESCAPE FROM PRISON.*
[The story of General Morgan's daring exploit in escaping
from the penitentiary at Columbus, Ohio, with six of his
command, forms a most interesting chapter of that very en-
tertaining book by Gen. Basil Duke on "Morgan's Cavalry.''
The recital of their capture and the indignities heaped upon
them as prisoners is enlivened by humorous references which
relieve the tension of sympathy. The larger part of the chap-
ter is given in this article as a true account of that most
unique and daring dash for liberty; for General Duke was one
of Morgan's gallant followers, succeeding him in command,
and he writes as one who shared that imprisonment and knew
just how the escape was planned and executed.]
Although the consequences were so disastrous, although
upon the greater part of those who followed Morgan in this
raid was visited a long, cruel, wearisome imprisonment, there
are few, I imagine, among them who ever regretted it. It
was a sad infliction upon a soldier, especially upon one accus-
tomed to the life the "Morgan men" had led, to eat his heart
in the tedious, dreary prison existence while the fight which
he should have shared was daily growing deadlier. But, in
our turn, to have been invaders; to have carried the war
north of the Ohio; to have taught the people who for long
months had been pouring invading hosts into the South
something of the agony and terror of invasion; to have made
them fly in fear from their homes, although they returned to
find those homes not laid in ashes; to have scared them with
the sound of hostile bugles, although no signals were sounded
for flames and destruction — these luxuries were cheap at al
most any price. It would have been an inexpiable shame if
in all the Confederate army there had been found no body
of men to carry the war, however briefly, across the Ohio.
and Morgan by this raid saved us at least that dis
grace. * * *
The prisoners taken at Buffington were carried to I'm
cinnati as rapidly as the low stage of water and the speed o)
the little boat upon which we were placed would permit We
were some three days in making the trip. Fortunately for us.
the officers and men appointed to guard us wen disposed to
ameliorate our condition as much as possible. * * *
W hen we arrived at Cincinnati, we met with a grand ova-
tion. The fact that none of the citizens had come out to meet
us when we marched around the city had caused us to conceive
a very erroneous impression regarding them They pressed
closely upon the guard of soldiers who were drawn up around
us as we were marched through the streets to the city prison
and attempted many demonstrations of their feeling toward
us There seemed to be little sympathy between the soldiers
and the populace. The former muttered pretty strong expres-
sions of disgust for the previous tameness and present bold-
ness of the latter and once or twice when jostled plied their
bayonets. The privates were immediately sent to Camps
Morton and Douglas. The officers were kept at the city
prison in Cincinnati for three days. During that time we
were reenforced by a good many others taken in the two
or three days which succeeded the Buffington fight. On the
last day of our sojourn there we learned of General Mor
gan's capture. We had hoped and almost felt confident that
he would escape.
We were removed from this prison and taken to Johnson's
island. At every station on the railroad from Cincinnati to
* History of Morgan's Cavalry," by Gen. Basil Duke. New edition. Neali>
Publishing; Company.
!©**
Sandusky large and enthusiastic crowds assembled to greet
us. The enthusiasm, however, was scarcely of a nature to
excite agreeable emotions in our bosoms. There seemed to
be "universal suffrage'' for our instant and collective execu-
tion, and its propriety was promulgated with much heat and
emphasis. A change seemed to have come over the people of
Ohio in the past two weeks. In our progress through the
State before our capture the people left their homes apparent-
ly from a modest disinclination to see us. But now they
crowded to stare at us.
When we reached Sandusky, we were transferred
small steam tug and put across the arm of the lake which
separates Johnson's Island from the mainland. We were
marched as soon as landed to the adjutant's office, and after
roll call and a preliminary scrutiny to ascertain if we had
money or weapons upon our persons we were introduced into
the prison inclosure. It was the custom in those days in the
various prisons for the older inmates to collect about the
gates of the "bull pen" when "fresh fish." as every lot of
prisoners just arrived were termed, were brought in and in-
spect them. We consequently met a large crowd of unfor-
tunate Rebels when we entered, in which were not a few ac-
quaintances and some of our own immediate comrades. * * »
The Gettysburg prisoners had arrived only a few days be-
fore, and from them we heard the first intelligible account of
the great battle. Not a whit w ere the courage and fire of these
gallant representatives of the army of heroes abated. The>
seemed to have perfect faith in the invincibility of their com-
rades, and they looked for the millennium to arrive much
sooner than for serious discomfiture to befall "Uncle Robert."
Johnson's Island was the most agreeable prison I ever saw.
which is much as if a man were to allude to the pleasantest
dose of castor oil he ever swallowed. * * * We who were
shortly afterwards transferred to the Ohio penitentiary
thought and spoke of Johnson's Island as under the circum-
stances a very "desirable location." The rations were good.
and we were permitted to purchase anything we wished from
the sutler. As we were there only four days, however, it is
possible that some others who remained nearly two years may
be right in contending that the regime in process of time
underwent some change. * * * After remaining at John-
son's Island four days, some forty of us were called for one
noriiing and bidden to prepare for departure, whither we
were not informed But our worst fears were realized when
ive were taken off of the cars at Columbus and marched to the
penitentiary. The State of Ohio claimed Morgan and his
officers as her peculiar property, because we had been cap-
tured on her soil by Michiganders. Kentuckians, etc., and de-
manded us that we might he subjected to the same treatment
which she inflicted upon her felons. It was rumored also that
Colonel Strcight. an Ohio officer, captured by Forrest, had
been placed in the penitentiary in Georgia, and we were told
that we wrerc being incarcerated in retaliation. It turned
out subsequently that Colonel Streight was treated precisely
as the other prisoners in the South ; but the Governor of
Ohio, having gotten hold of a batch of Confederate soldiers
captured for him by troops from other States, was disposed
to make the most of them and would not consent to let them
out of his hands.
Two men figured in the "Ohio raid" and the subsequent
treatment of the raiders with a peculiar eclat. The com-
mander in chief of the department, who prepared to flee
from the city where his headquarters were established upon
the approach of two thousand wearied men whom with an
4?o
^ot?federat<^ l/eterai),
army of fine troops he could not stop, was one of them. The
other was the Governor of a State he could not defend, but
who could torture if he could not fight. Burnside turned us
over to Tod, but instructed that "these men shall be sub-
jected to the usual prison discipline." He could part with
his prisoners and enjoin in doing so that they be treated as
convicted felons; but his name would blister the tongue of a
brave man, and I should apologize for writing it.
When we entered this gloomy mansion of "crime and woe."
it was with misery in our hearts, although with an affected
gayety of manner. We could not escape the conviction,
struggle against it as we would, that we wire placed there to
remain while the war lasted, and most of us believed that the
war would outlast the generation. We were told when we
went in that we "were there to stay," and there was some-
thing infernal in the gloom and the massive strength of the
place which seemed to bid us "leave all hope behind." While
we were waiting in the hall to which we were assigned be-
fore being placed in our cells, a convict, as I supposed, spoke
to me in a low voice from the grated door of one of the cells
already occupied. I made some remark about the familiarity
of our new friends on short acquaintance, when by the speak-
er's peculiar laugh I recognized General Morgan. He was so
shaven and shorn that his voice alone was recognizable, for
I could not readily distinguish his figure. We were soon
placed in our respective cells and the iron-barred doors locked.
Some of the officers declared subsequently that when left
alone and the eyes of the keepers were taken off of them
they came wear swooning. It was not the apprehension of
hardship or harsh treatment that was so horrible ; it was the
stifling sense of close, cramped confinement. The dead weight
of the huge stone prison seemed resting on our breasts. On
the next day we were taken out to undergo some of the
"usual prison discipline" and were subjected to a sort of
dress parade. We were first placed man by man in a big
hogshead tilled with water (there were two) and solemnly
scrubbed by a couple of negro convicts. This, they said, was
done for sanitary reasons. The baths in the lake at John-
son's Island were much pleasanter, and the twentieth man
wdio was ordered into either tub looked ruefully at the water
as if he thought it had already done enough for health.
Then we were seated in barbers' chairs, our beards w-ere taken
off, and the officiating artists were ordered to give each man's
hair a "decent cut." We found that, according to the. peni-
tentiary code, the decent way of wearing the hair was to cut
it all off. If the same rule had been adopted with regard to
clothing, the Digger Indians would have been superfluously
clad in comparison with (what would have been) our dis-
heveled condition. Some young men on this occasion lost
beards and moustaches which they had assiduously cultivated
with scanty returns for years. Colonel Smith had a magnifi-
cent beard sweeping down to his waist, patriarchal in all save
color; it gave him a leonine aspect that might have awed
even a barber. He was placed in the chair, and in less time
perhaps than Absalom stayed on his mule after his hair
brought him to grief he was reduced to ordinary humanity,
lie felt his loss keenly. I ventured to compliment him on
features which I had never seen till then, and he answered
with asperity that it was "no jesting matter."
When we returned to the hall, we met General Morgan.
Colonel Cluke, Calvin Morgan, Captain Gibson, and some
twenty-six others. Our party numbered sixty-eight in all.
General Morgan and most of the officers who surrendered
with him had been taken to Cincinnati and lodged in the city
prison (as we had been), with the difference that we hail
been placed in the upper apartments (which were clean), and
he and his party were confined in the lower rooms, in com-
parison with which the stalls of the Augean stables were
boudoirs. After great efforts. General Morgan obtained an
interview with Burnsides and urged that the terms upon
which he had surrendered should be observed, but with no
avail. He and the officers with him were taken directly from
Cincinnati to the Ohio penitentiary and had been there sev-
eral days when we wdio came from Johnson's Island ar-
rived. * * *
GEN. JOHN' HUNT MORGAN.
We were placed in the cells constructed in that face of the
building which looks toward the town. No convicts were
quartered in the cells on that side, except on the extreme
upper tiers, but the cells on the other side of the building
were all occupied by them. The cells were some seven feet
in height and were built in ranges, or tiers, one above the
other. The doors were grates of iron, the bars of which
were about an inch and a quarter wide, half an inch thick,
and perhaps two inches apart, leaving open spaces of two
inches square. In front of each range of cells were balconies
three feet wide, and ladders led from each one of these to the
other just above it. * * *
Every conceivable method of killing time and every prac-
tical recreation was resorted to. Marbles were held in high
estimation for many days, the game being played first and
discussed subsequently with keen interest. A long ladder
which had been left in the hall leaning against the wall was a
perfect treasure to those who most craved active exercise.
They practiced all sorts of gymnastics on this ladder and
cooled the fever in their blood with fatigue. Chess finally
became the standard amusement, and those who did not
understand the game watched it with as much apparent relish
as if they understood it. Chess books were bought and
studied as carefully as any work on tactics had ever been by
the same men, and groups would spend hours in discussing
this gamble and that, and an admiring audience could always
be collected at one end of the hall to hear how Cicero Cole-
Qoi?federat^ l/eterap.
451
man just checkmated an antagonist at the other by a judi-
cious flank movement with his "knight" or some other active
and effective piece.
In spite, however, of every effort to sustain health and
spirits, both suffered. The most robust could not endure with-
out injury the life to which we were condemned. I am satis-
fied that hard labor, furnishing at once occupation and exer-
cise, alone prevents the inmates of these prisons from dying
early The effect of this confinement is strange and will
doubtless appear inconsistent. It affected every man of our
party with lethargy and nervousness. While we were phys-
ically and mentally impaired by it, and every faculty was
dulled, and all energy was sapped, every man was restless
without aim or purpose and irritable without cause or reason.
These effects of imprisonment became far more apparent and
difficult to repress after a few months had elapsed. * * *
When two or three months hail elapsed. General Morgan's
impatience of the galling confinement and perpetual espionage
amounted almost to frenzy, He restrained all exhibition of
his feelings remarkably, but it was apparent to his fellow
prisoners that he was chafing terribly under the restraint,
more irksome to him than In any one of the others.
The difficulty of getting letters from <mr families and
friends in the South was one of the worst evils of this im-
prisonment; and if a letter came containing anything in the
least objectionable, it was as likely as not destroyed, and the
envelope only was delivered to the man to whom it was writ-
ten. Generally, the portion of its contents which incurred
Merion's censure having been erased, it was graciously de-
livered; but more than once a blur which would have been
valued beyond all price was altogether withheld, and the
prisoner anxiously expecting it was mocked, as 1 have stated,
with being given the envelope in which it came, a- evidence
that he was robbed of it. The reader can imagine the feel-
ings of a man whose wife and children were in far-off Dixie
while he lay in prison tortured with anxiety to bear from
them and who. when the letter which told of them at last ..inn-.
should be deprived of it because it contained some womanly
outburst of feeling and should be tantalized with the evidence
■ if his loss. * * *
When the news of the battle of Chickamauga was coming
in and wc ware half wild with excitement and eagerness to
learn the true version of the reports that prevailed -for every
thing told us by the prison officials was garbled — we by good
luck got in two or three newspapers containing full accounts
of the battle. I shall never forge) listening to them read in
General Morgan's cell, while four or Uxv pickets (regularly
relieved) was posted to guard against surprise. These papers
were read to the whole party in detachments: while one
listened, the succeeding one awaited its turn in nervous im-
patience. \s I have said. General Morgan grew more rest-
loss under his imprisonment every day and finally resolved to
effect bis escape at any hazard or labor.
Several plans were resolved and abandoned, and at length
one devised by Captain 1 lines was adopted. This was to
"tunnel" our of the prison, as the mode of escape by digging
a trench to lend from the interior to the outside of the prisons
was technically called. But to "tunnel" through the stone
pavement and immense walls of the penitentiary, concealing
the tremendous work as it progressed — it required a bold imag-
ination to conceive such an idea, liines had heard in some
way a hint of an air chamber constructed under the lower
range of cells, that range immediately upon the ground floor.
He tin night it probable that there was such a. chamber, for
he could account in no other way for the dryness of the cells
in that range. At the first opportunity he entered into con
versation with old Hevay. the deputy warden. This old man
was very kind-hearted and was also an enthusiast upon the
subject of the architectual grandeur of that penitentiary.
Hines led the conversation into that channel and finally
learned that his surmise was correct. If. then, he could cut
through the floor of his cell and reach this air chamber with-
out detection, he would have an excellent base for future
operations. He communicated bis plan to General Morgan,
who at once approved it. Five other men whose cells were
on the first range were selected as assistants.
The work was commenced with knives abstracted from the
table. These knives, square at the end of the blade insti ad
of pointed. 'made excellent chisels and were the very best
tools for the inauguration of the labor. Putting out pickets
to prevent surprise, they pecked and chiseled away at the
hard floor, which was eighteen inches thick, of stone cement
and brick, concealing the rubbish in their handkerchiefs, then
throwing part of it into the stoves and hiding the rest in their
beds. They soon dug a hole in the floor large enough to per-
mit the body of a man to pass. The iron bedsteads which
1 1 in each cell could be lifted up or let down at pleasure
Mines would prop his up each morning, sweep out bis cell
(in which the aperture had been cut), throw a carpet sack
carelessl) Over the mouth of the shaft be bad sunk, and when
(he guard came and looked in everything appeared so neat
and innocent that he did not examine further. One kick given
that hypocritical carpetbag would havi disclosed the plot
\fter the air chamber was reached, a good many others were
taken into the secret in order that the work might go con
stantly 1 m
The method adopted then was foi two or three to descend
ind go to work, while the others kept watch. In an hour or
two a fresh relief would he put on, and tin- work would he
kept up in this way throughout the day until the hour of
locking up arrived, except at dinner time, when every man
who was absent from the table had to give a reason for his
absence. The work conducted underground was tedious and
difficult, but all labored with a will. The candles which had
been purchased and boarded away now did good service.
Without them it would have been almost impossible to finish
the task. \ code of signals was invented 1" meet every pos
sible contingency. By pounding a bar of ' wood upon the
stone floor those above communicated to those underneath in-
formation of every danger which threatened and called on
them to come forth if necessary. Tin- walls of the air cham-
ber were two or three feet thick and built of huge stones.
I WO or three of these stones were removed, and a tunnel was
run straight to the outer wall of the hall. Fortune favored
the workmen at this juncture and threw in their way an ade-
quate tool with which to accomplish this put of their work
Some one had discovered lying in the yard, through which
we passed on our way to breakfast, an old rusty spade with
a broken handle. It was at once determined that the said
spade must be secured. Accordingly men were detailed and
instructed in their proper parts, and at the fust opportunity
the spade was transferred to the air chamber and put to work
in digging the tunnel. * * *
When the main wall of the hall was reached, the heavy
stones of its foundation were removed in sufficient number
to admit of the passage of a man. But it was then discovered
that the tunnel led right under an immense coal pile. It was
necessary that this difficulty should be remedied, but how 5
452
^opfederat^ l/eterap.
Without a view of the ground just outside of the wall no
one could calculate how far or in what direction to run the
tunnel so that when it was conducted to the surface all ob-
structions might be avoided. In this emergency General Mor-
gan engaged Scott (familiarly known as "Scotty''), our keeper
during the day, in conversation about the remarkable escape
of some convicts which had occurred a year or two previous-
ly and which Scott was very fond of describing. These con-
victs had climbed by the balconies in front of the ranges of
cells to the ceiling and had passed out through the skylight
to the roof of the prison. Scott declared his belief that
there were no two other men on the continent who could per-
form the feat of ascending by the balconies.
"Why." says General Morgan. "Capt. Sam Taylor, small as
he is, can do it."
Thereupon a discussion ensued, ending by Scott's giving
Taylor permission to attempt it. Taylor, who, although very
small, was as active as a squirrel, immediately commenced the
ascent and sprang from one to the other of the balconies until
he reached the top one. He was one of the men who had
been selected to escape with General Morgan and compre-
hended immediately the latter's object in having him attempt
this feat. It would afford him a chance to glance out of the
windows at the ground just beyond the wall. As he leisure-
ly swung himself down he studied "the position" carefully,
and his observations enabled them to direct the tunnel
aright. * * *
While the work was going on General Morgan and those
who were to escape with him habitually slept with their faces
covered and their hands concealed. This was done to accus-
tom the night guard to take their presence in the cells for
granted by the appearance of the bulk upon the beds without
actually seeing them. This guard went the rounds at the ex-
piration of every two hours during the night, and he would
place his lantern close to each cell door in order that the
light should fill the cell and show the occupant. General
Morgan used to say that a peculiar shuddering and creeping
of the flesh would assail him whenever this man approached.
He frequently crept about with list slippers on his feet, and
he moved them without the slightest noise. He used to re-
mind me of a 9ly. cruel, bloated, suspicious, night-prowling
spider.
When the tunneling approached its completion, all the
other necessary preparations were made. The prison yard,
into which they would emerge from the tunnel, was sur-
rounded by a wall twenty-five feet high, and means for scal-
ing that had to be provided. There was an inner wall run-
ning from the corner of the "East Hall" to a smaller build-
ing, in which some of the female convicts were imprisoned ;
but it was comparatively low, and they anticipated little dif-
ficulty in getting over it. The coverlids of several beds were
torn into strips, and the strips were plaited into a strong
rope nearly thirty feet in length. A strong iron rod used
for stirring the fires in the stoves was converted into a hook,
and the rope was attached to it. Rope and hook were taken
down into the air chamber, where all the "valuables" were
stored.
General Morgan had managed to get a suit of citizen's
clothing, and the six men who were going to escape with him
were similarly provided. The warden had prohibited the in-
troduction into the prison of uniform clothing, but occa-
sionally allowed plain suits to be received. The General had
also gotten a card of the schedule time on the Little Miami
Railroad and knew when the train left Columbus and when
it arrived in Cincinnati. For this he paid fifteen dollars, the
only money used in effecting his escape.
Despite the strict search instituted when we first entered
the penitentiary, several of the party had managed to secrete
money so that it was not found. This was now divided among
the seven who were to escape. These were, besides General
Morgan, Capts. Thomas H. Hines, Ralph Sheldon, Sam Tay-
lor, Jacob Bennett, James Hockersmith, and Gustavus Mc-
Gee. An opening into the air chamber through the floor of
each cell from which each one of the seven would escape had
been cut from underneath, a thin crust only of the cement
being left, and to all outward appearances the floor was as
sound as ever.
By means of an arrangement which had been perfected for
obtaining all absolutely necessary articles, each one of the party
about to escape had procured a stout, sharp knife, very ef-
fective weapons in case of surprise and an attempt to stop
their escape. When everything was ready, they waited several
nights for rain, trusting to elude the vigilance of the guards
more easily in the obscurity of such a night and taking the
chance also that the dogs which were turned loose ever\
night in the yard would be driven by the rain into their ken-
nels on the other side of the yard from that where they would
emerge. * * *
On the 26th of November General Morgan learned that
there had been a change of military commandants at Colum-
bus. Well knowing that this would be followed by an in-
spection of the prison and a discovery of the plot, he deter-
mined that the effort should be made that very night. His
own cell was in the second range, from which it was impos-
sible to reach the air chamber and tunnel ; but the cell of his
brother, Col. Richard Morgan, had been prepared for him,
and when Scott tapped, as usual, on the stove as a signal for
each man to retire to his cell the exchange was effected.
There was a sufficient resemblance between them to deceive
a man who would not look closely, especially when they were
seated with their faces turned away from the door.
At any rate, Scott and the night guard were both deceived,
and efforts were made by the occupants of the cells near
to both of those, where close inspection would have been dan-
gerous, to attract to themselves the attention of the guard
when he went the rounds. As it was especially necessary on
this occasion to know certainly when the night guard ap-
proached, small bits of coal had been sprinkled, just before
the hour for locking up, on the floor of the first range, so that,
tread as lightly as he would, the slinking cur could not help
making a loud noise.
It had been arranged that just after the twelve-o'clock
visit from the guard Captain Taylor should descend into the
air chamber and give the signal underneath the floor of each
cell. Fortunately, the only man who was vile enough to have
betrayed the plan was absent in the hospital. Six hours
elapsed after the locking in. Regularly during that time the
night guard went his rounds, making an awful crackling as
he passed along the lower range. Sixty-odd men lay awake,
silent and excited, with hearts beating louder and blood rush-
ing faster through their veins than the approach of battle
had ever occasioned. Perhaps the coolest of all that number
were the seven who were about to incur the risk.
Twelve o'clock struck, and the clang of the bell seemed to
be in the hall itself. The guard passed with his lantern, a
few minutes elapsed (while the adventurers lay still lest he
should slip back), and then at the signal they sprang from
their beds, hastily stuffed flannel shirts with material prepared
Qoi)federat^ l/eterap.
453
beforehand, and made up bundles to lie in their beds and rep-
resent them. Then stamping upon the floor above the excava-
tions, the thin crust of each gave way, and they descended
into the air chamber. They passed one by one along the tun-
nel until the foremost man reached the terminus and with his
knife cut away the sod which had, of course, been left un-
touched. Then they emerged into the open air and inner
yard.
The early part of the night had been bright and clear, but
now it was cloudy, and rain was falling. They climbed the low
wall and descended into the large yard. The rain had caused
the sentries to seek shelter and had driven the dogs to their
kennels. They moved cautiously across the yard. If detected,
their knives must have saved or avenged them. Discovery
would have been hard upon them, but also it would have been
unhealthy for the discoverer. They were resolved to be free ;
they were powerful and desperate men; and if they failed.
they were determined that others besides themselves should
have cause for sorrow. But they reached and climbed the
outer wall in safety. There was a coping upon it which they
grappled with the hook, and then they climbed hand over
hand to the top. When all had ascended, the hook was grap-
pled upon the inner shelf of the coping, and they let them-
selves down. When all were on the ground, they strove to
shake the hook loose, but it held fast, and they were forced
to leave the rope hanging. That circumstance caused the
detection of their escape two hours sooner than it would
otherwise have happened, for the rope was discovered at day-
light, and the alarm was given. But time enough had been
allowed the fugitives to make good their escape. They at
once broke into couples.
General Morgan and Hines went straight to the depot.
Hines bought tickets to Cincinnati, and when the train came
they got on it. General Morgan was apprehensive that they
would be asked for passes or permits to travel and arrested
for not having them. He saw an officer of field rank seated
in the car which he entered, and it occurred to him thai if
he were seen in familiar conversation with this officer he
would not, perhaps, be asked for a pass. He spoke to Hines,
and they seated themselves near this officer and courteously
addressed him; he replied as suavely. After a short conver-
sation. General Morgan produced a liquor flask (they were
very generally carried then) and invited the officer to take a
drink of brandy, which invitation was gracefully accepted.
Just then the train moved past the penitentiary. "That is the
£ 1
u
& Mr m
■ L .13T"
|
1 •
fiV J* wSr^ifrB JGk CY9l
^V. - .. »
\£?f
^n^w*
>j4
DEDICATION OF MONUMENT TO GENERAL MORGAN AT
LEXINGTON, KV„ IN IOII.
hotel at which Morgan stops. I believe," said the officer
"Yes," said the General, "and will stop, it is to be hoped
He has given us his fair share of trouble, and he will not be
released. I shall drink to him. May he ever be as closely
kept as he is now !" This officer was a pleasant and well-
informed gentleman, and General Morgan passed the night in
agreeable and instructive conversation with him.- asking many
questions and receiving satisfactory replies.
When the suburbs of Cincinnati were reached, a little after
daylight, it was time to get off. General Morgan pulled the
bell rope and moved to one platform ; Hines went to the
other, and they put the brakes down with all their strength
The speed of the train slackened, and they sprang off. Two
nr three soldiers were sitting on a pile of lumber near where
General Morgan alighted. "What in the h — are you jump-
ing off the train for?" asked one of them. "What in the
h — is the use of a man's going on to town when he lives out
here?" responded the General "Besides, what matter is it to
you?" "O nothing," said the soldier and paid him no further
attention. Reaching the river, which runs close to this point,
they gave a little buy two dollars to put them across in a
skiff. In Newport, Ky., they found friends to aid them, and
before the telegraph had given to Cincinnati the information
of his escape he was well on his way to Boone County, a sure
asylum for such fugitives. In Boone fresh horses, guides.
and all that was necessary were quickly obtained. He felt
.no longer any apprehension. He could travel from Boone to
Harrison or Seott Counties, thence through Anderson to Nel
son, and thence to the Tennessee line; and during all that
time no one need know of his whereabouts but his devoted
friends, who would have died to shield him from harm. * * *
When the escape of General Morgan and the others was
discovered on the morning after it was effected, there was an
extraordinary degree of emotion manifested by the peniten-
tiary officials. The rope hanging upon the wall was seen by
some one at daylight. It was apparent that somebody had
escaped. SO the alarm was given to the warden, and his sus-
picion at once turned toward the prisoners of war. About
(> \.\t a detachment of guards and turnkeys poured into the
hall and began running about, unlocking doors and calling on
various men by name in the wildest and most frantic manner
For some time they were puzzled to determine who had es-
caped. Colonel Morgan was still taken for the General, and
the "dummies" in the cells which had been vacated deceived
them for a while into the belief that those cells were still
occupied. But at length a more careful and calm examina-
tion revealed the fact and the method of the escape, and then
the hubbub broke out afresh. In the midst of it Captain Ben-
nett called out, "Well, gentlemen, I like a moderate stir, but
you are going it too brash," an expression, of opinion which,
to judge from the unanimous shout of approval from the
prisoners and the laughter they could no longer restrain, met
with their cordial indorsement.
It was generally feared that Colonel Morgan would be
severely dealt with, and he expected a long term of sendee in
the dungeon ; but, to the surprise and gratification of all of
us, it was announced that he was thought to be no more guilty
than the rest and should be punished no more harshly. The
first step taken was to remove all of the first-range men to the
third range. Then a general and thorough search was insti-
tuted. Every cell was carefully examined, every man was
stripped and inspected, and every effort was made, after the
bird had flown, to make the cage secure.
454
Qopfederat^ l/eterap
JUDGE TOURGEE AND THE KU-KLUX KLAN.
by a. j. emerson, denver, colo.
Horror of "Organized Thuggism."
After praising the Southern people so highly, Judge Tour-
gee professes to be amazed, confounded, and almost petrified
to see this brave, proud, honorable, and hospitable people
masquerading in the Ku-Klux Klan and condescending to be
guilty of "organized thuggism." Well, thuggism is a hard
word; and if it had stuck, the Judge would have been avenged
of his adversaries. But as it is, it seems too much like an
effort to get even with the Southerners for calling him and
his like "carpetbaggers." Then the word "thug" is too far-
fetched. The Judge imports it from Hindustan, 12,500 miles
away. The thug was a fanatic who committed murder from
religious motives. A bad man surely, but he was not a rob-
ber; indeed, he would have scorned to be classed with rob-
bers or with the "bummers" of our Civil War.
Judge Tourgee was human ; he had his full share of that
trait of human nature which prevents us from seeing our-
selves as others see us. He could see very clearly that it was
evil in the Ku-Klux to kill everybody ; he could not see that it
was evil in "organized bummers" to plunder and rob a hun-
dred thousand homes in the South, killing also as they went.
He was an officer in the great army whose bummers plundered
and robbed homes from Chattanooga to Savannah, from
Savannah to Columbia, from Columbia to Fayetteville, from
Fayetteville to Warsaw, and from Warsaw to Raleigh. Yet
he saw not the evil of "organized bummerism."
Yet we can see it, and it is strange to us that a great and
world-famous people like those of the North could con-
descend to take delight in "organized bummerism." In their
great strength well could they have afforded to refrain from
every act of plunder and robbery. How much more glorious
it would be to-day if they could say: "In the Civil War our
soldiers burned no homes nor plundered any, robbed no barns
or smokehouses, dug up no family heirlooms or other treas-
ures hid in gardens, poured no molasses into pianos, broke
up no beautiful sets of chinaware for fun or for spite,
robbed no citizens of watches or money in the streets, left
no families without food — in short, made no war on homes,
women, or children" ! All the world would be praising. As
it is, they have left to their descendants the unpleasant task
of defending the indefensible.
So we come back on Mr. Tourgee. As he berated us for our
"thuggism," we must berate him for some of his "bummerism."
"What did the bummers do that was bad?" you ask. I
give you an account of their treatment of one family, one out
•of a hundred thousand more or less similar.
In 1867, on my way from Fayetteville to Clinton. X. C, I
stayed all night with a friend, James H. Turlington, who
lived a few miles west of Clinton. The Northern army
passed that way in 1865. Mr. Turlington, an honorable man,
standing high in his community, told me how the bummers
behaved at his house.
"The first squad that came plundered the house," he said,
"and then hitched the carriage horses to the family carriage,
loaded it with hams from the smokehouse, and drove away.
The second squad plundered the house, took my two-horse
wagon, loaded it with shoulders and middlings of meat from
the smokehouse, and drove away. The third squad took off a
mule cart loaded with the balance of the bacon. Two other
mule carts were loaded with flour, meal, sugar, sorghum
molasses, and all kinds of eatables. Army wagons hauled
off all my grain and fodder. .My cook said: 'Dar's not a dust
o' meal or flour left in de pantry.'
" Inother squad arrived and, after plundering the house,
with shouts of victory hunted, chased, ran down, and killed
or carried off alive all the domestic animals on the planta-
tion. There wasn't a horse, mule, cow, calf, steer, sheep,
goat, peafowl, goose, turkey, duck, guinea, or chicken left.
Some eggs in nests of sitting hens were left, but no hens.
The cats hid and came back in a few days; but we saw our
faithful clogs no more. We had hidden some gold and silver
money and our silverware in the garden. Peas, beets, and
radishes were growing above the box containing them. Bui
they struck that box easily with their bayonets and got out
treasure, laughing in our faces.
"'I he last squad of hummers, eight or ten in number, who
came that day camped just across the road out there in front
of the gate, 'to be near the- well.' they said. I sat in the
piazza awhile to observe them. They had a bright fire to
cook supper. I could see them plainly. They seemed to be
drinking, and their talk was loud and noisy. 1 could hear
most of what was said.
"While they were cooking supper a negro boy eighteen or
twenty years of age, I should say. walked into the circle of
light and sat down.
"'What did ye stop here for?' said one with an Irish ac-
cent.
" 'I want sump'n to eat.'
" 'Want somethin' to eat ? Well, then, bring us a bucket
of water.'
" 'Don't want to.'
" 'Get a move on you quick and bring that water.'
" 'Ise free. Don't ha' to mind nobody now.'
" 'See here. You'll mind me, or I'll crack your skull.'
"They all cried out to him that he must do as they told
him. He still refused. They threatened him. 'Jes' tryin'
to scare me,' he said. They became so infuriated that one
of them seized a fence rail and struck him a death blow on
the head, crushing the skull, no doubt.
"After supper they examined the treasures they had gath-
ered up during the day and quarreled over them, but stopped
short of fighting. They then dug a hole and buried the body
of the negro close by where he fell. I asked them to dig the
grave farther away. But they would not. You can see the
mound just beyond the road.
"Next morning the bummers went away, but all day long
the great army was passing, passing, passing. Before noon
we began to have the sensation that the procession was end-
less, would go on and on always — a sight never to be for-
gotten.
"But we were hungry. Next morning we were at the
lowest point of depression. I just as much expected that we
would perish to death as I ever expected anything in my life.
"I walked up the road a little way. gloomy and despondent,
and turned out among the pines. The great trees stood tall
and silent, the wind moaning among their tops. Presently
my eyes were opened wide. 'What is that I see? Grains of
corn on the white sand, and cobs with grains of corn on them !
Corn here, corn there, and corn yonder. What does this
mean? O! This must be where the Yankee cavalry fed
their horses yesterday. It is, and there is plenty here for us
to live on, thank God.' I gathered corn, washed it, dried it,
parched it, and on parched corn we fed and saved our lives
till better days came when the Yankees were gone.
"I looked around to see what had been left me. Of course
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
455
I had my land, my house, part of my furniture, and part of
my farming implements. Over and above these I had in the
smokehouse a box of soap. I saw that I must begin life
over again in an altered world with some grains of corn and
a box of soap for resources, and all my neighbors for many
miles around in the same condition. That was my situation
in March, 1865. Why the bummers did not take that box of
soap, I do not know ; it may have been because they could
not eat it. I don't know."
With reference to the box of soap, we may conjecture that
the bummers were so eager for the glad surprises of robbery
and the pleasant thrills given by the discovery of new treas-
ures to be had for the taking at every dwelling, combined with
the fear that some others would get there first, that they were
in a great, great hurry to get on, and the use of soap had in it
an element of delay that was prohibitive.
Much has been said concerning the negroes leaving the
plantations and following the Northern army out of love and
gratitude. From the story of Mr. Turlington one may per-
ceive that if the negroes had wanted to stay at home, as
many of them did, famine would have driven them away.
Of those who went away, many returned.
1 remember hearing of the return of "Uncle George" and
"Aunt Melinda" to Mr. Peterson, their former master, bring-
ing with them, to furnish Mime needed farm power, an old
mule named "Sherman"; an army mule he was. blind of one
eye. and almost deaf (apparently). But Uncle George and
old Sherman were a much-needed reenforcement. Uncle
George followed the plow that summer, the old mule going
before as slow as winter molasses and as imhurryable. but
steady. They made a crop for old master (young master
was killed at Sharpsburg) and pursued a policy of recon-
struction much wiser, according to Tourgee, than that
adopted by the wise men at Washington.
Judge Tourgee was prompt to denounce the wrongs done
to carpetbaggers and others by the Ku-Klux Klan, branding
them as "organized thuggism," but seemed incapable of seeing
any wrong in the doings of his fellow soldiers, the bummers,
such as are detailed by Mr. Turlington. Figuratively speak
ing, he must have been like Uncle George's army mule, blind
of one eye; in plain words, under a sort of mental hallucina-
tion.
This hallucination prevailed extensively throughout th(
Northern armies. It seems to have arisen from an exag
geraled view of the enormity, the unspeakable enormity, of
the crime of rebellion, which they attributed to the South-
erners, of which, however, the Southerners were innocent
This illusion caused a sort of hard-heartedness and lack of
sympathy (of pity, you might say, in the case of women and
children) for the sufferings of Southerners. They were out
of the pale.
Mere I shall let a Northern soldier speak in confirmation
of what I say. In his book, "The Great Locomotive Chase."
the Rev. William Fittinger says, page ~o (he is telling us
how the Northern soldiers regarded the Southerners) : "We
did not look upon ourselves as on the same plane with the
enemy. We were not lighting against a nation armed with
all the rights of independence. In our view our opponents
were nothing but rebels, and we regarded rebellion itself
as a crime that forfeited all rights and was justly punishable
with death. We did not think that men who had associated
themselves together against our government had acquired any
more rights by that association than a band of pirates or mur-
derers. To kill them was a public duty, the very purpose for
which we had left our homes. To defeat them in their crim-
inal designs by falsehood seemed just like throwing a mur-
derer off the track of his intended victim by strategy. In
other words, we looked upon the Rebels as out of the pale
of all law by their own act. The further consideration should
be kept in view that, with the exception of two or three, we
were very young, not members of any Church, and that we
held ourselves amenable only to the common laws of army
morality, which, so far as the enemy was concerned, were
not very stringent, the common sentiment being that a Rebel
had no right to anything, not even to the truth."
"Ad Dixicanos (rebels) nil nisi falsum.
De Dixieanis veruni loqui non necesse est "
This denial of the right of the so-called Rebels to have the
truth spoken to them or about them was no doubt a sort ol
war measure adopted by the Federal soldiers under the ex-
citement and the frenzied illusions of the war times. Hut.
strange to say, it has practically continued in full force and
effect to this day. The so-called Rebels are still suffering
grievously from misrepresentations and falsehoods circulated
without challenge and as freely as are United States bank
notes. The so-called Rebels have no redress, and this thing
amounts to a disability.
Congress has removed most of the Rebels' disabilities and
should be petitioned to remove this one. Let Congress be
urged 10 pass an art restoring to the Rebels (so-called) their
natural right to have the truth told about them, pardoning
them for the few lies they have told and pardoning the other
side for the numerous falsehoods they have told up to the
present time, but requiring all hands to plumb the track and
tell the truth in the future. Also the said act of Congress
should require the President to announce its passage in a
public proclamation, warning all historians, essayists, biogra-
phers, autobiographers. romancers, recollcctionists. reminis-
cencers, novelists, "literary fellers." scribblers, etc.. that they
must henceforth tell the truth about the said so-called Rebels
in their histories, essays, biographies, autobiographies, ro-
mances, novels, recollections, reminiscences, etc.. under pen-
alty of having said writings placed on the idle shelf in the
Congressional Library at Washington and in all the public
libraries in the United States.
Judge Tourgee no doubt wanted to tell the truth, but could
ot, because he saw both parties at the wrong angle; one was
diametrically opposed to him, the other was on his side.
Hence he viewed the Ku-Klux Klan with alarm and horror.
hut looked upon die hummer with toleration.
To-day we can view both from more nearly the same angle.
From our standpoint of fifty years later the Ku-Klux Klanner
appears more like a patriot defending his home, and the
hummer seems to be a wanderer unnecessarily disturbing
other people's homes.
They Were Not Cowards, — J. W. Homer, of Louisville.
Kans.. writes: "In General Kragg's statement of the battle of
Missionary Ridge he accused the soldiers who retired
from the summit of the Ridge during the assault of the
\rtny of the Cumberland of being cowards or lacking in
courage. 1 was in that battle on the Yankee side, and 1
know from what I saw that the Johnnies were not cowards.
We went up the side of the Ridge in front of an Irish battery.
I think it was from Florida. After our battle line got under
its guns so they could not be used, the brave men stood by
their cannons and threw stones as we advanced up the Ridge
and would not surrender until prodded by the bayonet."
456
^opfederat^ l/eterai),
IN THE BATTLE OF HAMPTON ROADS.
BY W. F. CLAYTON. FLORENCE, S. C, SECRETARY SURVIVORS'
ASSOCIATION. CONFEDERATE STATES NAVY.
In the Veteran for July appears an article on the famous
battle of Hampton Roads, Va., by J. F. Shipp. of Chatta-
nooga, Tenn. I must congratulate Comrade Shipp, who, as
a looker-on some miles away, has given one of the most ac-
curate descriptions of that famous battle that revolutionized
the navies of the world. He certainly deserves credit. As
a participant in Saturday's fight I purpose, with your per-
mission, to give an accurate account of that engagement.
Sometime in the summer of 1861 I was appointed a mid-
shipman in the Confederate States navy and ordered to re-
port for duty at the Norfolk Navy Yard. I reported to Com-
modore Forrest, who assigned me to duty on the receiving
ship United States. She was only a hulk, but was the vessel
with which Decatur captured the British ship Macedonian
in the War of 1812. Remaining in Norfolk until December,
1861, I reported to Capt. J. R. Tucker for duty the day after
Christmas on board the Patrick Henry, then lying off Mul-
berry Point in James River. With her were the Jamestown
and the tug Teaser. The Patrick Henry and Jamestown were
sister ships, side-wheel, and formerly engaged in the trade
between Richmond and New York, the Patrick Henry hav-
ing been the old Yorktown. They drew fourteen feet and
could make about twelve miles an hour. We lay at our
anchors until the 7th of March, 1862, when we dropped down
to Day's Bluff, a few miles above Newport News. The
Patrick Henry carried ten guns, the Jamestown two, and
the Teaser one gun and a howitzer. We had just finished
dinner and were still seated at the table when the drum beat
to quarters.
We immediately took our positions, lost no time in heaving
up the anchors, and in line, the Patrick Henry in the lead,
hurried toward Newport News, where were anchored the
Congress, a frigate of fifty guns, and the sloop of war Cum-
berland, of thirty guns. On the latter the wash clothes were
hanging in the rigging. The channel at Newport News is
about eight hundred yards wide for vessels of our draft, and
we had orders to elevate our guns for eight hundred yards.
The United States batteries at Newport News were three
in number, the upper, the middle, and the lower — in all forty
guns.
When about a mile above Newport News, the Merrimac,
or Virginia, rammed the Cumberland, and she went down
with her guns fighting, the water running into the muzzles.
The Congress in attempting to escape had grounded. As we
passed the first and second batteries we escaped punishment,
the enemy thinking we would pass at the outer edge of the
channel, so their shot went wild. Having changed our course,
we ran almost under their guns, and our shots also went wild,
as we had not changed our elevation. At the lower battery
we received a shot which killed one man and wounded one.
Having cleared the enemy's batteries, the other two vessels
of pur little fleet were not hit. We ran alongside the Vir-
ginia for orders. Commodore Buchanan said to Tucker:
"You have made a glorious run. Do the enemy all the
damage you can and sink before surrendering." The Vir-
ginia drew some twenty-four feet of water and could not get
near the Congress, which had a white flag flying from the
mainmast and a white sheet from the mizzengaff; so the
tugs Beaufort and Raleigh, one gun each, were ordered in to
receive her surrender. Lieutenant Pendergass came down
into the boat of the Beaufort and gave up his sword to Lieu-
tenant Parker and asked to return to look after his wounded.
In the meantime a battery of field artillery had come from
Fortress Monroe and opened fire on the two tugs, and rifle-
men from the Congress, disregarding their surrender, opened
upon Parker's boat, wounding Midshipman Newton and.
turning their tire upon the Raleigh, killed Lieutenant Taylor
and Midshipman Hutter. Then came the orders of
Buchanan that the Jamestown and Patrick Henry should
go in and destroy the Congress. This we were proceeding
to do when a shot from the shore battery entered the port
steam chest of the Patrick Henry, killing every fireman in the
fire room, the engineers escaping. Our decks were one sheet
of steam, and many of our gun crews were slightly burned by
the hot steam; but our bow gun, under command of Mid-
shipman J. T. Walker, of South Carolina, continued to tire
in our position, with the lower Newport News battery on
one side and the artillery company and the Minnesota, which
had grounded in attempting to join in the battle, on another
side. We were under three firing forces when the James-
town, under Captain Barney, came to our rescue, gave us a
line, and towed us out of action. We lost more men on our
ship than did all the rest. Repairing our damage and work-
ing under one engine, we took our position as near the Min-
nesota as we could get and continued to fire upon her until
darkness closed Saturday's fight. The Merrimac at long
range fired hot shot and set fire to the Congress, which blew
up during the night. Our fleet anchored off the battery at
Sewell's Point, and the battle of Saturday, March 8. 1862.
was ended.
Sunday morning dawned bright and clear, a small fog
being dissipated by the rising sun, and the Confederate fleet,
led by the Virginia, steamed out to put a quietus on the
Minnesota. We had not advanced within gunshot when from
behind her came the little cheese box, the Monitor. A signal
from Commander Jones (Buchanan had been wounded) or-
dered the wooden vessels to remain where they were, and
pretty soon the ironclads clashed. For some time they
maneuvered and tired at each other without effect, when the
Virginia in attempting to ram the Monitor ran aground. We
were signaled to come to her assistance and started, but.
fortunately for us, she backed off before we got within range
of the Monitor's guns. While she was aground the Monitor
ran up alongside and depressed her guns so as to strike at
right angles, but to no effect, as no guns on either side could
penetrate four inches of iron. The fight had lasted about
three or four hours when a shell from the Virginia exploded
at the peephole of the Monitor's pilot house just when her
captain, Worden, had his eye there, and then it was that the
Monitor retired and went to Fortress Monroe. We fired a
few shots at the Minnesota, and then, our pilots having
advised that if we did not return on that tide we would have
to remain in the Roads for several days, we steamed for
Norfolk. The Monitor drew fourteen feet, while the Vir-
ginia drew much more ; the Monitor could steam six miles,
the Virginia only four an hour. The only damage to the
Virginia was in having her prow wrenched off, and several
of her guns had their muzzles knocked off. Commodore
Tattnall succeeded Commodore Buchanan in command of
the Virginia. Her prow was replaced, shutters were placed
over her portholes, and a rope netting hung around her gun
deck to catch flying bolt heads or nuts, several men having
been wounded in that way in the fight.
Plans were made to capture the Monitor. While engaged
with the Virginia the rest of our fleet were to run upon her.
Qopfederat^ tfeterar).
457
throw a tarpaulin over her smokestack, throw hand grenades
tilled with powder and red pepper into her portholes, wedge
her turret, and anchor her. Once we were upon her deck,
this could have been done, as she had to revolve to fire her
two guns, and the men on her deck could easily protect them-
selves against her guns. Had we succeeded then, with tin-
Monitor and the Virginia both under the Stars and Bars, we
were bound to destroy McClellan's base at Yorktown and
cause his army to surrender. So sometime in April we went
down to the Roads ; and though the Monitor had been re-
enforced by another ironclad, the Galena, inferior to the
Monitor, that vessel failed to respond to our challenge and.
with the rest of the United States fleet, stayed under cover
of Fortress Monroe. We remained in the Roads two days.
An English and a French man-of-war witnessed our effort
to compel the Monitor to come out. Commodore Tattnall
sent Barney with the Jamestown into Hampton Creek, inside
the enemy's lines, and he captured and towed to Norfolk two
brigs and a schooner.
Again, while the Virginia was at Norfolk the United States
fleet, with the Monitor and Galena, was bombarding Sewall's
Point Battery. The Virginia steamed down to take a hand,
and the whole fleet retired under the protection of Fortress
Monroe.
Norfolk having been evacuated, Tattnall called his pilots
in council and asked what water could be carried to Hot;
Island, about forty miles up James River. They told him
eighteen feet. Everything possible was thrown overboard,
and the Virginia was brought down to eighteen feet, but in
doing so her wooden sides were exposed. Then it was the
pilots told Tattnall they had neglected to state that they could
get- that depth of water only with a continuous wind from
the east; and as the prevailing wind was from the west. tlic\
could not carry the vessel to Hog Island. So it was deter-
mined to destroy the vessel and save the crew, which was
done. In the language of Anthony to Cleopatra.
"Let not Ca-sar's servile minions mock the lion thus laid low.
'Twas no foeman's arm that felled him; 'twas his own that
struck the blow."
A THIRTY DAYS' SCOUT ON THE POTOMAC IN '62.
RY J. T. HUNTER, OAKWOOD, TEX.
The command later known as Hood's Brigade arrived in
Richmond, Va., on the early morning of September 16, 1861.
News had gone abroad that the Texans would pass through
the city, and the streets were lined with people curious to
see what kind of looking men Texans were. We were marched
to a point just below the city and camped there for about
ten days ; we were then moved three miles below, where we
had a beautiful spring branch to furnish plenty of water and
an open field for drill purposes. Here the initiatory prepara-
tion to make ourselves soldiers began. From early morning
to late evening you could hear "Hep-hep," young officers
proud of their positions, drilling their companies.
Up to this time the companies from Texas had not been
organized into regiments; and our Texas youths, having lived
a free and independent life, did not take well to this hard-
drill discipline, believing, as they claimed, that they could
fight just as well without it, and in consequence there was
great dissatisfaction. This was especially the case in my
company. Our captain, P. P. Porter, a brave, gallant, and
most efficient officer, a lawyer by profession, had been a lieu-
tenant in the .M exican War, was a fine disciplinarian, and he
put our company under strict military rules at once. As
most of the volunteer officers of the command were very
slack and the men allowed to do much as they pleased, the
men of my company became greatly dissatisfied and even went
so far as to get up a petition asking all commissioned officers
to resign, so that they could elect to suit themselves. The cap-
tain and I were the ones aimed at, as the captain issued the
orders and I had them executed. While the petition was get-
ting signers the captain came to my tent and said : "Hunter.
do you know the men are getting up a petition asking us to
resign ?" I said : "I have beard something of it." "Well,"
said he. "what are you going to do if they present it?" I
answered : "If they get a majority of the company to sign,
I shall resign. I don't have to be an officer to serve in this
cause." He said : "I'll be d— if I do. I came here as cap-
tain and shall remain so; the men don't know what they
want." They never succeeded in getting signers enough to
present the petition.
Vbout this time John B. I loud was appointed colonel, and
we wen regularly organized as the 4th Texas Infantry, a
constituent part of the Arm\ of Northern Virginia. Very
soon then the complaints of hard service were transferred to
the other companies. Colonel llood issued orders that
brought the command under military discipline; and while
there was complaint in other companies, my company was
taking things easy. Captain Porter soon became the most
efficient and popular officer in the regiment. Shortly after
our organization orders were issued sending us to the Po-
tomac. We disembarked at Brook Station, and then cam<
our first experience of a soldier's hardships. The roads from
th< station to Dumfries (Dumfries is among the earliest set-
tlements in Virginia) were in an awful condition. The wagons
wen continually bogging down, ami the men had to pull them
out ; rain was falling incessantly, and the weather was ex
tremely cold. We went into winter quarters a couple of
miles above Dumfries on the Virginia hills not far from the
river. We built rude huts; and then, with the exception of
having to cut green pine poles and coax them to burn to
make our huts comfortable, there was not much to do. We
sent 0111 a daily picket down on the river near Cockpit
Point and occasionally had a false alarm, which occasioned
some excitement and out of which the boys hail lots of fun.
This was a very trying winter on the men. Having come
from the sunny South, where we seldom have sleet and snow,
and being suddenly transferred to the rigors of a Virginia
winter, with snow on the ground .ill the time, occasioned the
loss of quite a number of good men; not so many by death
as by discharge from hospitals in Richmond. It seemed that
the surgeons thought the proper thing to do for a convalescent
was to discharge him and let him go home.
1 suppose that in consequence of my love of military service.
proficiency as a drill officer, etc.. 1 won the favor of Colonel
llood. In regimental drill he frequently placed me in com-
mand of other companies, and when he had a special duty
he wanted performed he called on me. Early in March, 1862.
he Sent me to Richmond to inspect the hospitals and return
all our men able for duty. The day I finished this duty and
just !>eforc starting for Fredericksburg I learned that Colonel
Hood had been promoted to the rank of brigadier general
and given command of the Texas Brigade (then composed of
the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas, iSth Georgia, and Hampton's
South Carolina Legion"). I hoped to be the first to notify and
congratulate General llood, and the evening aftei arriving in
Fredericksburg, having been compelled to wait for a time at
45*
Qopfederat:^ l/eterap.
Brook's Station, I met General Hood on the street and told
him I was the bearer of good news for him. With that well-
remembered smile and twinkle of those expressive blue eyes
he said: "Lieutenant. I am a little ahead of you: just re-
ceived a wire message." He then asked me where I was
stopping. I told him I had a room at the hotel. He said : "Re-
tain the room, and I will share it with you. You need not
proceed to the command : it is on the move and will arrive
here to-morrow." He was soon after invited by a citizen to
make his house his headquarters and accepted.
The brigade arrived next evening and went into camp one
mile above town. I reported for duty and was promptly made
officer of the guard, and I had been at the guard tent but a
short time when I received an order to report to Colonel
Marshall, who succeeded General Hood as colonel. When
I saluted and congratulated him on his promotion, he said:
"Lieutenant, I have a very important mission to be per-
formed, and I would not issue an order for you to take
charge of it, but sent for you to say that it will lie gratifying
for you to do so." I said: "Colonel, your request is the same
as an order: and if I am competent to comply with the de-
mands. I am at your service." He then told me that he bad
received orders to select fifteen men and an officer, to be sent
hack to the Potomac, whose duty it would be to scout that sec-
tion and prevent the enemy from depredating on the citizens,
keep a lookout on the river, and nrike note of the number of
transports that passed down with troops. (At this time Mc-
Clellan was transporting his army from Washington to York-
town.) I was to make biweekly reports to Col. W. H. F.
Lee, whose regiment was then doing picket duty with head-
quarters at Stafford Courthouse. 1 asked that I have the
privilege of selecting my men. which request was readily
granted. I am sorry I can't remember the names of all those
fifteen men : but I remember T had Lieutenant Xash, of the
Dixie Blues, of the 5th Regiment, and also a young lawyer,
an independent, whose name. I think, was Henry.
Acquiah Church, five miles from Stafford Courthouse, was
our quarters. We were about one mile from the river. We
kept pretty busy for about twenty-eight days. General Sickles,
of the Federal army, was in command of a brigade just
across the river from us. They had a number of small boats
and w-ere frequently trying to forage on our side. I kept a
detail of men secreted on the river in fishing huts and other
places, and whenever the Federals attempted to land we
opened fire on them; and as we used the Springfield rifle
musket, a long-range gun. they never made an attempt which
did not cost them dearly. Our known in killed and captured
was thirty, and we felt sure many were killed in boats that
we never knew. We proved such an annoyance to Genera!
Sickles that he concluded to cross his whole command at
night and capture or run us out. He did not get all over
until the morning, and 1 was apprised of this by one of
Colonel Lee's pickets, who had been fired on and his horse
wounded.
I had just received orders to move my command ten miles
above, where the enemy were crossing and depredating on the
citizens : and as my boys had accumulated too many neces-
saries for them to carry comfortably. I had taken two men
and gone to a farmer to get him to come with his wagon and
move us, and just as we started to the church I met the
cavalryman with his wounded horse. I sent the farmer back
and hurried to the church ; but when 1 got to the big road
near the church I saw that a regiment had passed, and I was
fortunate to get by between the 1st and 2d Regiments. On
the main road to the courthouse we had to cross a creek that
flows into the Potomac and forms a bay up to very near where
the road crosses, and I knew that my only chance to unite
with my men was to cut through the woods, a much shorter
nay, and cross ahead of that regiment. We made a run of
one mile. When we came into the road at the creek, a
zouave regiment was coming at double-quick about three or
four hundred yards distant. Here I found seven of my
men, giving me nine guns (the others of my men were on a
scout). I also found some of Colonel Lee's cavalry and
tried to prevail on them to join me in making a demonstra-
tion in order to give Colonel Lee time to move without losing
anything, but they would not stop.
After proceeding half a mile down the road, I found a place
admirable for an ambush, a thicket on each side of a straight
road, then an opening for fifty or sixty yards, with a number
of post oak trees. I placed my men each behind a tree and
told them I would give the order slowly and distinctly and for
them to aim low ; that unless they shot over they were bound
to do execution. The regiment was marching by fours, and
when the head of the column reached the opening I gave the
order : "Ready ! Aim low ! Fire !" The nine guns cracked
as one, and I never saw greater confusion by so few shots.
We learned afterwards that we killed and wounded eight.
From there to the courthouse they moved very carefully and
fired volleys into thickets on the right and left of the road.
Colonel Lee had ample time to move everything but his
tents. He and his adjutant were the last to leave the town,
and after getting to the suburbs he loaned me the adjutant's
horse to go back and see the Yanks enter the town, which I
did. When they came down the hill into the town and found
no opposition, they raised a terrible "huzzah," making as much
noise as if they had gained a big victory. Notice was at once
sent to headquarters ; and General Hood, with the Texas
Brigade, rushed up and reached a point six miles from the
courthouse after dark. He sent for me and heard my report,
then told me to take my men and go back before daylight and
select a position for the different regiments from which to
attack, and he would make the attack as soon as he arrived.
I felt that this was the biggest compliment ever paid me. and
I returned feeling very proud that General Hood should
accept my judgment in selecting positions where a whole bri-
gade was to be engaged. I stood on the hill overlooking the
town and laid my plans, but concluded that I had better re-
connoiter a little and find something of the situation of the
enemy ; but. alas ! when I got down in town I found that
the game had sought cover across the Potomac. On the night
before about eleven o'clock they took fright from some cause
and left in great haste, in such haste that they strewed ac-
couterments and other dispensables all along the road. I fol-
lowed, but when I reached the river the command was safe
on the north side.
Soon after this I made the move contemplated and camped
in a neighborhood about nine or ten miles from the little
town of Falmouth, which is situated just across the Rappa-
hannock from Fredericksburg. 1 had been at this place only
a few days when I learned that our army was being concen-
trated at Yorktown and a grand battle was expected. Now, at
that time we were very much afraid that the great decisive bat-
tle would be fought and the war ended, and if we did not par-
ticipate in the battle we would feel almost disgraced. I lay
awake that night studying whether to leave my post without
orders and at last determined to go to Fredericksburg and
take chances of getting General Fields, who was in command
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
459
there, to give mc passport with my men to join our regiments.
So before day I roused up the men and told them to get their
traps, that I was going in. They obeyed with great alacrity.
When we reached Fredericksburg. I went to General Fields's
office, saluted, and introduced myself. lie said: "Lieutenant.
I am glad to see you. You are to be congratulated for the
valuable service you have rendered on the Potomac, and I am
just issuing an order sending you down into King George
County." But, General," said I. "I am here to get permit
sion to return to my command." lie answered: "We can't
spare you." I said: "General. I must insist. We have come
a long way to join this army and take part in the lighting,
and to have the grand battle come off and I off with a little
scouting party ! I beg you not to insist on such an alterna-
tive." He looked at me and studied a little while with a
frown on his brow, and I thought he was meditating on
placing me under arrest. He then turned to his adjutant and
said: "Give this man a pass. If I keep him here, he will do
me no good." I thanked him and paid no attention to the
affront. He knew me better and, I think, had a better opinion
of mc afterwards when he commanded our division.
So we got a move on us to join our command and did so
before they reached Vorktown. The events transpiring at
Yorktown and our first battle at Eltham's Landing, on the
lVmnnky River, is another story.
THE SECOND BATTLE BEFORE RICHMOND
BY MARCUS 1). HERRING, in H mm. Miss.
On that bright June morning after the battle of Mechanics
ville, opening up the Seven Hays' fight before Richmond in
iSo-v our regiment, the 1st North Carolina, in Ripley's Bri
gade, D. 11. Hill's division, after losing in killed and wounded
all of our field officers (Col. M. S. Stokes, mortally wounded;
Lieut. Col. M. C. Dowell, wounded: Major Skinner, killed:
and Adjutant Miller, wounded), before moving forward had
to have a new commander. So Capt. 11. A. Brown, of Com-
pany B, took command and called the regiment to attention.
Then we moved forward, hut when we reached the works
where the regiment suffered so dreadfully the evening before
we found that the enemy had kindly retreated. We felt (lis
posed to tli. ink them for their thoughtfulness for our peace {•<
mind as well as safely of body. We marched hour after hour
in the broiling hot sun, and when the time came for the five
minutes' rest there was no shade; the little old field pines
seemed but to increase the heat. Water on the road was
scarce, hence we suffered greatly, some falling on the way;
but when we got near the battle line we nearly forgot about
heat ami thirst.
We were ordered to occupy a line in the rear of the firing
line, where I >. II. Hill's other brigades were doing some mili-
tary stunts. In front and rear of us were high rail fences.
Through this lane troops had passed, so the dust was deep
We lay here for some time with noses as close to the dust as
we could get and live, while shot and shells made discordant
music over us. Of course we lay low and while in this posi
lion had time to philosophize.
Some of us. especially ibis eighteen-year idd hoy, felt that
we would like to be at home with mother. My decision was
that if President Davis and President Lincoln could be to-
gether and feel as 1 then felt the war would be closed in five
minutes. Of course the Presidents did not feel that way .
neither did we when battle was over and a wave of enthusiasm
passed down the line as shouts in front announced that the
charge was successful.
Later mi we were ordered to the right through dense woods
Coming to an open space, we found a great quantity of the
enemy's commissary stores piled up. Sutlers' wagons were in
evidence, and edibles to tempt the appetite, including soda
crackers and butter, were passed down the line. While re-
ceiving the crackers I felt that 1 could eat a double portion,
but when I took the first mouthful I turned desperately sick
and found it was not bread and butter, but water, that I
wanted.
Soon after ibis lighting was renewed in front with great
vigor, and receiving the order, "Forward, guide center'" we
forgot for the time all about wanting water or anything else
While getting into the open in the rear of the firing line we
lav down under fire. Any old soldier knows what a trying
ordeal "lying under lire" is. The charge in front was great,
for after a desperate struggle tin' federals were driven from
their strong position. Then we moved forward to in- in posi
lion to render assistance if needed.
1 1 was dark when the regiment balled on the mound where
the late charge had been made, and there mixed up were
dead and wounded of both sides.
Surrounded by such horrible evidences of war. we lay all
night with slumbers disturbed by constant wailing of the
wounded, some praying, some crying. "Water, water, water".
while from others came all kinds of vocal noises, from a
straight yell to the howling of wild animals. Such expert
ences as this were infinitely more trying on the soldiers'
nerves than being in the forefront of battle. So ended the
battle of Gold Harbor, the s, , oiid battle of the seven days
before Richmond.
nixm ocr on \
BY LURA w . l ov l ,
Dixie, when firsl waved thj flag in the sunshine,
Brave soldiers in gray gladl] answered its call,
Marching so Fearlessly into the firing line.
Knowing that some of them surely must fall.
Horrors of war! Ah. how dauntless they proved you!
Thin grew the ranks of the soldiers who loved you,
Countless souls carried to bright worlds above you —
Souls who had fought for you. Dixie, their own.
Dixie, mi fields which once thrilled to the beating
Of drums and of fearless hearts thy people prize.
Golden-eyed daisies the mornings are greeting.
Lifting their faces to bright southern skies.
Peace they are speaking- aye, peace that is given
To men who have done their best, though they be driven
At last to surrender; souls surely are shriven
Who fought for thy honor, fair Dixie, our own
Dixie, the flag that thy soldiers marched under
Long since is furled and forever laid low.
Hushed is the cannon whose deep voice of thunder
Brought on thy people such ruin and woe.
Dixie, thy glory passed not with surrender;
Deep in our hearts, that are loving and tender,
Fvcr we'll praise thee and sweet homage render
To men who once fought for thee. Dixie, our own.
460
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIER.
(From an address before Stonewall Chapter, U. D. C,
Portsmouth, Va., January 21, 1916, by John W. H. Porter,
Commander of Stonewall Camp. Confederate Veterans, of
Portsmouth.]
Mrs. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen: I have been re-
quested to make an informal talk on the subject of "The Con-
federate Soldier" and to tell the character and achievements
of that band of heroes at whose deeds of daring all the world
has wondered. From Bethel to Appomattox they stood as
firm as the everlasting hills on many a well-fought field,
while bullets were falling among them like hail and the air
was filled with the smoke and fragments of bursting shells ;
and, notwithstanding the unlimited numbers and resources
against them, they carried aloft on their bayonets for four
years the fortunes of the Southern Confederacy, neither
counting nor caring for the odds against them. Among the
men who followed the fortunes of Lee and Jackson, none
achieved a higher place in the temple of fame than the thirty-
five hundred who marched from their homes in this city and
county in the spring of 1861, when the fiery cross was sent
through the borders of Virginia and the "Old Mother" called
on her sons to muster in her defense.
Born of pure and unadulterated English stock, reared under
circumstances calculated to keep alive in the Southern States
the age of chivalry, they grew up to manhood imbued with
the instincts and the attributes of the belted knight of the
days of old, prominent among which were indifference to
danger and reverence for woman, attributes which gave rise
to the oft-told truth: "The bravest are the tenderest, the
loving are the daring."
They were calm and undisturbed, even though the angel of
death was looking them in the face. In the battle of Seven
Pines, in June, 1862. the Old Dominion Guard of Portsmouth.
Company K, 9th Virginia Regiment, was drawn up in line on
the right of Company I from the Western Branch section of
Norfolk County. This arrangement brought John L. Jordan.
the tallest man, on the right of Company I, next to Bruce
Blamire. the shortest man on the left of Company K. In the
midst of the battle a bullet passed through Jordan's hat and
knocked it off of his head. Stooping to pick it up and look-
ing ruefully at the holes which the bullet had made in it, he
turned to Bruce Blamire and remarked : "If I had been a
darned little runt like you, that bullet would have gone over
my head." His narrow escape from death did not seem to
affect him at all ; he was principally concerned about the
damage to his hat. Jordan and Blamire lived through the
war, and Jordan was at the surrender at Appomattox.
In July, 1863, when Pickett's division of Virginia troops
was marching across the field and up the hill at Gettysburg
in face of a tornado of shot and shell, which was plowing
deep furrows through its ranks, when the gray line had got-
ten near enough to open fire with its musketry on the enemy
sheltered behind the stone wall, William Monte, a private in
the Portsmouth Rifle Company, took his watch from his
pocket, noted the time of day, and remarked : "We have been
just nineteen minutes coming." They had been marching
steadily forward for nineteen minutes "into the jaws of death,
into the gates of hell," and never a man faltered. Two minutes
later a Federal bullet found a vital spot in Monte's breast, and
the life passed out from one of the coolest and bravest sol-
diers of Northern Virginia.
There was nothing too dangerous or difficult for them to
undertake. In the battle of Malvern Hill, in July, 1862, Gen-
eral Armistead wanted to send a battery of artillery into a
particularly dangerous position and asked Captain Grimes, of
the Portsmouth Artillery, if his battery could go there. Cap-
tain Grimes replied : "I do not know where you want us to
go, but if any battery in the world can go there, sir, mine
can." It was this confidence in their ability to go where any
one else could go and to do what any one else could do that
gave Grimes's Battery a high post on the roll of honor in thai
army where bravery was the rule and the lack of it the ex-
ception.
They could laugh and jest at the approach of danger. There
was in Richmond in 1864 a battalion of local defense troops
composed of clerks in the several departments of the Confed-
erate States government, most of whom had seen service in
various commands and had been detached for work in the de-
partments. The captain of Company A was my warm per-
sonal friend. He came on to Virginia in 1861 with the Wash-
ington Artillery from New Orleans, was wounded at Manas-
sas, and was assigned to the War Department. On the first
of March. 1864, I was up from camp on a twenty-four-hour
leave and, happening to pass the War Department building,
noticed my friend with his uniform and sword on and learned
from him that a raiding party of Federal cavalry was ap-
proaching the city and that the battalion had been ordered out
to head them off. He gave me a very cordial invitation to
go along with them, got a musket for me, and I fell in with
the rest. It was afternoon, and we marched out the west end
of Main Street, out the Westham Plank Road, through one
of the hardest downpours of rain I ever saw. It reminded
me of the Bible description of the flood where the windows
of heaven were opened to let the water down. But, notwith-
standing the rain, the men were in excellent spirits, laughing
and jesting as they splashed through the mud and water.
About three miles from the city we met a courier coming in
and learned from him that the enemy was about a quarter of
a mile down the road and was coming our way; we also
learned that it was Dahlgren's party. The command was
given: "Halt! Close up! Load!" Every man in the bat-
talion knew what was coming, but not one had the least doubt
as to how it would terminate. On the left of Company A
were three friends — Lieutenant Morris, a gallant young North
Carolinian, Sergt. John F. Mayer, of Norfolk, and another
At that time punning was the fad in Richmond, and one of
the three remarked: "If our sweethearts could see us now.
they would call us their 'rain dears.' " Sergeant Mayer, car-
rying on the play of words, remarked : "It hasn't been more
than an hour since we left Richmond, but we are (w)eterans
already." I refer to this to show the excellent spirits which
animated the whole battalion. Twenty minutes later the bat-
talion engaged the enemy and gained the victory they had so
confidently anticipated.
They were generous to a fallen foe. In the spring of 1862
the city of New Orleans fell into the hands of the Federal
forces, and a number of plundering expeditions were seni
throughout the surrounding counties to rob the planters of
their cotton and sugar. From a number of similar accounts
published by authority of the United States government in
the official records of the war I have taken the report of
Col. Nathan A. N. Dudley, of the 30th Massachusetts Regi-
ment, who commanded one of their expeditions. It is dated
at Baton Rouge June 7, 1862. and says: "I found the wife of
Kellar, her father, mother, daughter, and two young ladies
at the residence. I found also a dozen head of horses, a few
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
461
mules, forty head of beeves, carriages, etc., all of which 1
brought to town. At the earnest pleading of the ladies I did
not burn the dwelling house, pantry, or kitchen building; all
the rest I burned, the fences I burned ; the ornamental trees
I either cut down or destroyed. Proceeding to Penny's es-
tate, I burned every building on the estate except enough to
shelter the negroes who remained. The fences I burned, and,
in fact, I left nothing standing but the blackened chimneys."
The following February a naval expedition was sent up the
Atchafalaya River. The river had no defenses, and consequent-
ly the expedition met with no resistance; but the commander
reported to his chief that he had burned every dwelling on
both sides of the river for a distance of twenty miles. Four
months later some of the Louisiana boys whose homes had
thus been ruthlessly destroyed followed General Lee into
Pennsylvania. The provocation had been strong, and the
hour for retaliation was at hand. But the Confederate sol-
diers were not the kind of men to bring distress on women
and children or to make war on those who had no power to
resist, and their bitterest enemies have borne testimony to
their conduct.
Horace Greeley in his history of the war says : "Though
they were ragged and hungry and in many instances bare-
footed, their conduct was exemplary. No private residences
were entered, no private property was taken, and no women
were insulted." I'd rather my name should go down in his-
tory as one of the ragged, hungry, barefooted followers of
Lee than as commander of the expedition which burned the
dwelling houses on the Atchafalaya River.
"We'll hang the old sword on the wall.
My father's sword and mine,
For the honor of old Bingen,
Dear Bingen on the Rhine."
But it is all over; the war has passed. More than fifty
years have gone since the last gun was fired and the last sol-
dier of the Southern Cross laid down his arms. The busy
hum of war has ceased, the violet has sprung up and blossoms
on the grave of the soldier, and there is peace in all this
broad, united land of ours; but can the old gray-haired vet-
eran forget those days when
"The steed,
The mustering squadron, and the clattering car
Went pouring forward with impetuous speed
And swiftly formed in ranks of war"?
or is he to be severely chided if he gathers his grandchildren
around his knee and tells them how Jackson's Brigade, com-
posed of the men from the Valley of Virginia, stood like a
stone wall at Manassas and beat back wave after wave of
living surges that were eager to engulf them? or how the
eight hundred men of Mahone's Brigade, from down here
by the seashore, charged an army of fifteen thousand men at
the Crater and captured the battle flags of fifteen regiments?
Looking back at these old pictures which are hung up in the
halls of memory awakens recollections which start us to
dreaming dreams of what might have been.
DEATH OF STONEWALL JACKSOS
Not midst the lightning of the stormy fight.
Nor in the rush upon the vandal foe.
Did kingly Death, with his resistless might.
Lay the great leader low.
His warrior soul its earthly shackles broke
In the full sunshine of a peaceful town.
When all the storm was hushed, the trusty oak
That propped our cause went down.
Though his alone the blood that flecks the ground.
Recording all his grand, heroic deeds.
Freedom herself is writhing with the wound.
And all the country bleeds.
He entered not the nation's Promised Land
At the red belching of the cannon's mouth.
But broke the House of Bondage with his hand —
The Moses of tin South.
0 gracious God, not gainless is the less'
A glorious sunbeam gilds tin sternest frown ;
And while his country stagger- 'math the Cross.
He rises with the Crown. — Harrv F.yndeti Flash
The Treason of the SOUTH. — Traitors! Treason! Aye.
sir, the people of the South imitate and glory in just such
treason as glowed in the soul of Hampden ; just such treason
as leaped in living flame from the impassioned lips of Henry :
just such treason as encircles with a sacred halo the undying
name of Washington! — Judah P. Benjamin (Faretfell Ad-
dress to United Slates Senate, iS6l).
•■THE BRIGADE MUST NOT KNOW, SIR.
"Who've ye got there?" "Only a dying brother.
Hurt in the front just now."
"Good boy, he'll do. Somebody tell his mother
Where he was killed and how
"Whom have you there?" "\ crippled courier, major;
Shot by mistake, we hear,
lie was with Stonewall." "Cruel work they've made here
Quick with him to the rear."
"Well, who come- next'" "Doctor, speak low; speak low.
sir.
Don't let the men find out !
It's Stonewall!" "God'" "The brigade must not know, sir.
While there's a foe about !"
Whom have we here, shrouded in martial manner.
Crowned with a martyr's charm?
A grand dead hero in a living banner
Born of his heart and arm.
The heart whereon his cause hung — see how clingeth
That banner to his bier !
The arm wherewith his cause struck — hark, how ringeth
His trumpet in their rear!
What have we left? His glorious inspiration.
His prayers in council met.
Living, he laid the first stones of a nation;
And dead, he builds it yet. — /. W. Palmer.
462
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
ji»iy.i!w.i!w:»!*»:iyi.|w!i!W!i»'.t»»»»««»»*»»»*''»»»'»f
l*|«tAIAI*l*l*l*IAIAIAIAI*IAIAI*IAIAI*l*
"Year by year the flag above them
Seems to bend and bless and love them
As if grieving for the future
When thev'll never march again."
Judge J. A. Willson.
Judge J. A. Willson, a Confederate veteran who had long
held the office of city recorder at Santa Ana, Cal., died there
mi the 15th of June, widely lamented. Many friends and
Confederate comrades and the officials of both city and county
assembled to pay honor in the last sad rites to this kind-
hearted Southern
gentleman.
J. A. Willson
was born in Rock-
bridge County, Va.,
near Lexington,
October 22, 1838,
and received his
education in the
schools of Lexing-
ton and Browns-
burg. At Lexing-
ton he married
Miss Lavinia Wal-
lace, and to them
four children were
born. two sons
and two daugh-
ters, all residing in
Santa Ana. After
leaving Virginia
the family first
_, JUDGE J. A. WILLSON.
lived at Sherman,
Tex., where Judge Willson was in the dry goods business,
going to Santa Ana in 1887. After the death of his first wife,
Judge Willson married Mrs. Henrietta Jackson, who also
survives him.
Judge Willson served in the Confederate army as captain
of Company H, Rockbridge Guards, 25th Virginia Infantry,
and fought all through the war. He was wounded in the hip.
At the time of his death he was Commander of Hi Bledsoe
Camp, U. C. V„ of Santa Ana. He was the last surviving
pallbearer of Gen. R. E. Lee, the two families having been
close friends.
Camp Cabell, of Vernon, Tex.
Members of Camp Cabell, No. 125, U. C. V., who have
died since April 1, 1915, are as follows: J. C. Trout, 6lh
Texas Cavalry, died July 17, 1915 ; T. H. Hollowa, Company
F, 8th Texas Infantry, died June 27, 1915 ; W. Leak, Com-
pany D, 12th Mississippi Cavalry, died October 19, 1915; M.
C. Anderson, Company G, 7th Tennessee Cavalry, died May
13, 1916. L. H. Stalcut, Adjutant.
William Kean.
William Kean was of Scotch-Irish and Huguennt ancestry.
uniting in his own character the sterling qualities of both
races. He was born in Louisa County, Va., his father being
Dr. Julian Kean, who married Mary Callis, daughter of Col.
William Overton Callis and granddaughter of Capt. Thomas
Price, both officers in the Revolutionary War. Dr. Andrew
Kean, the eminent physician who served as regimental sur-
geon in the War of 1812 in the command of Gen. John H.
Cocke, was his paternal grandfather.
William Kean was educated in the private schools of Louisa
County and at Bloomlield Academy, from which place he
enlisted April 21, 1861, in the first company of Richmond
Howitzers, in which he served throughout the war. His
friend and comrade. Robert Stiles, in his book, "Four Years
under Marse Robert" (pages 45, 46, 84, 146, 241), has told
much of this boy soldier with his gay courage, high ideals,
and splendid strength. No one by bravery and devotion to
duty contributed more to the proud record of the 1st How-
itzers. He was present and on duty at First Manassas, Lees-
burg, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Savage Station, Malvern
Hill, where he was wounded, and returned to his command
in time to light at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run,
the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Second Cold Harbor, and in
the lines at Petersburg until April 2, 1865, and was at Appo-
mattox Station when Lee surrendered his army. Unwilling
to give up so long as General Johnston's army was in the
field, young Kean started on foot to join him in North Caro-
lina, but when near Danville he heard of Johnston's surrender.
Weary, footsore, heartsick, he returned to his home, in
Louisa County, desolated and debt-burdened, to take up a yet
harder struggle. Upon his young shoulders rested the burden
of saving his home and supporting a widowed mother, her
children and grandchildren. At the age of twenty-two he
began this second struggle against adverse fortune. He never
hesitated nor faltered, but went to work with a will and by
untiring industry and good judgment cleared his home of
debt, supported a large and dependent family, and gave
liberally to the poor.
His home was the seat of boundless hospitality. He de-
lighted to have his friends around him, while the wayfarer
and the needy stranger were never turned away from his
door. He was ready to give, not only of his means, but of
himself, in the cause of suffering humanity. To those of his
own household he gave, as he received in return, unstinted
love and devotion. A good husband and a good father, a
good friend, he was also a useful and public-spirited citizen.
As Commander of Louisa Camp of Confederate Veterans
perhaps no one in the county did more for the support and
comfort of needy Confederates. To the cause of the Con-
federacy he had given willingly the best years of his young
manhood, and his heart ever turned in fullest love and sym-
pathy to his old and battle-scarred comrades.
William Kean was paroled in June, 1865, by the provost
marshal at Louisa Courthouse ; but he never registered nor
took the oath of allegiance until October, 1878, when Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston was a candidate for Congress. Joyous,
generous, and kind, ever a friend to the young, a happy life
was his. Hardship and exposure had left their mark upon his
splendid constitution, and age came on, but "Marse William."
as he was universally called, never surrendered ; nothing
could daunt the brave heart which ever held cheer and cour-
age. With composure he awaited the last call. Fourteen of
his old comrades stood by his side when he was .laid to rest^
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
463
and two faithful negroes who had lived with him for over
forty years, with their sons, bore him to his last home, where
he sleeps as sleep
"The brave who sink to rest.
By all their country's wishes blest."
[This tribute is by one who knew him well and loved him
with the deepest affection — R. W. H.]
John Malcolm MacKenzie.
The war record of John Malcolm MacKenzie, who died in
Tacoma, Wash., June 27, 1016. is especially noteworthy in that
he was a survivor of the battle between the Virginia ( Mcrri-
mac) and Monitor and also a survivor of the crew of the
Alabama. He was a native of Cameron. La., and when the
war began he was less than fourteen years of age. However,
in May, 1861, he went to New Orleans, and. after much per-
suasion, he was allowed to enlist as a cabin boy on the Sumter.
then being fitted out by Capt. Raphael Semmes as a Con fed
erate privateer, lie remained with the Sumter until her crew
was disbanded at Gibraltar in January. [862. At that time
young MacKenzie was promoted to he an ordinary seaman
with wages at eight dollars per month, over which, to use his
own expression, he was "very much swelled up." With others
of the crew, he then took passage on an English ship to New
Orleans and from there went to Norfolk and joined the crew
of the Virginia in February, [862, and participated in the
famous battle between that ship and the Monitor.
\ftcr the destruction of the Virginia, MacKen/ic went to
Drewry's Bluff and took part in the defense of the fort l>
siring to join his old commander, he made his w.u to Liver-
pool and finally succeeded in enlisting as a member of the
crew of tin "290," afterwards the Alabama, and participated
in the many captures made In that vessel He was on the
Alabama when she fought the Kcaisarg. near Cherbourg,
France, and was of those picked up by the English yacht, the
Deerhound, when the Alabama went down.
Comrade MacKenzie afterwards served as a seaman on
several English merchant ships, then joined the Chilian na\
and participated in the war between Chili and Peru; also tool,
part in one or two other South American wars. Me concluded
to go to Canada, take up land there, and settle down, hut got
there just in time to take part on the side of the Canadian
government in the rebellion led by Louis Kiel and Gabriel
Lamont. He then had enough of war, so he married and
finally settled down in Tacoma, Wash , where for many years
he was an efficient engineer in the fire department. He was ,1
member of Pickett Camp, No. 1577. (J. C. V., 01 racoma
Having kept a diary during the war. he was able sometime
before his death, aided by his memory of those events, to write
the story of his war experience, with particular reference to
his service with Admiral Semmes
CONFKDERATE DEAD VT PULASKI, llXX.
I-'. M. Hunch, of Pulaski, Tenn., furnished this list .if the
Confederate soldiers buried in Maplewood Cemetery. Pulaski.
There is .me «rave marked "Unknown": R. V Barringer,
Ballentinc's Regiment of Cavalry; J. S. Winn. Ji\ Kentucky.
Dan Seals, oth Texas Cavalry; J. F. Dillard, oth Texas Cav-
alry; W. Campbell, 3d Texas Cavalry; W. J. Hunter. Pin-
son's Regiment; John Copelin, 2d Kentucky; J. Woodall,
Company 1), 1st Mississippi; W. It. Greene, Company G, 1st
Texas Cavalry; H. 11. Hlackmin. Company B, 34th Alabama
Regiment: W. W. I.indscy, Company B, Biffle's Regiment.
Ru BARD Osi AR Reed.
Richard t >. Reed, son of James Reed anil May Jacob Reed,
was born September 5, 1838, in Hertford. X. C. He taught
school near Albemarle Sound at the age of sixteen ; hut the
call of the West was too great, and. bidding mother and
loved ones adieu, he went to Texas in 1S55. He was married
to Mrs Nancy D
Reed May 23, 1861.
at Salado, Tex. Four
children were born to
them, two surviving
him. and also a step-
daughter.
R. 0. Reed enlisted
in the Confederate
army in April,
as a member of Com
pany 1, 17th Texas
Regiment, Col R. I
P. Allen, under Brig
Gen. II. E. McCul-
lo.li. Walker's Di-
vision. 1 le was trans
ier;.d to Captain
Kirby's engineering
corps in November,
[863, and was with
that division until the
l.se of the war.
lie was .1 member
of the Rat Cleburne
1 tmp, 1 l v.. at
\\ ico, lex., in [892-93, being transferred to the Hick Dowling
Camp, in Houston, in 1893, with which he had been affiliated
until his death. He was a beloved member, for his cheerful
disposition and consideration of sick comrades, whom he
never failed to visit, warmly endeared him to them. 1 In- \ el
.i.ni- and Daughters of the Confederacy '^ Houston have
indeed lost a friend. He died at the home of his daughter.
Mrs. W. M. Stewart, in Houston, on July ,}, 1016, and was
tak.u by his children to Waco, lex., and buried by the side of
his beloved wife, who died several years ago
M. !■:. Davis
r. 0. RKi-n.
Mil II K
Houston II. Miller, member of 11. B. Lyon Camp. Murray,
kv ., answered to the last roll call July 1, K)i6, at his home,
near that place. Comrade Miller was a noted man in many
respects. He volunteered in the 1st Kentucky Regiment of
Infantry and served twelve months around Richmond, \'a
When his time of service was out, he went home for a very
short time, then joined tin- J<\ Kentucky Cavalry in August,
[862. He served in that regiment until the latter part of
]Xii|, when he, with several other members of his company,
was selected as escort for President Davis, and just before
they surrendered President Davis called them together and
gave them $(xv in gold to pa) their way home.
Comrade Millet leaves six children, three sons and three
daughters, all splendid citizens, His wife died several years
ago. He served his county for some time as a teacher and
as assrss.ir He was loved by all who knew him.
P. P. PULI.KN
464
Qopfederat^ Veterai).
Henry A. Russell.
Henry A. Russell was born in Camden County, Ga., Jan-
uary 23, 1832, and died March 19. 1916, at Wesley Memorial
Hospital, Atlanta, Ga. He was the oldest son of Henry R.
Russell and Caroline Hardee Russell. His mother was a sis-
ter of that distinguished Confederate officer, Gen. William J.
Hardee. When quite young Henry Russell entered the count-
ing-house of his uncle, Noble Hardee, at Savannah. Ga., which
position he retained until, on account of impaired health, he
moved with his mother and two younger brothers. Milton and
Joe, to the northern
part of his native
State. These two
brothers at the out-
break of the War be-
tween the States en-
tered the service of
the Confederacy, and
each of them fur-
nished every evidence
of valor and devo-
tion, Milton losing his
right arm and Joe
being badly wounded
in his left leg while
battling for the cause. h. a. russell.
When the war began,
Henry Russell was busily engaged in coal-mining in Dade
County, Ga., in connection with those afterwards distinguished
Confederate soldiers, John B. Gordon and Eugene C. Gordon.
He arranged his business affairs with all possible dispatch
and tendered himself to the Confederate States government.
Preferring the cavalry service, he enlisted in the command of
Gen. Joe Wheeler and served with devotion and bravery until
thf> close of the war.
On November 13, 1856, Henry A. Russell and Mary E. Gor-
don, a daughter of Judge James H. Gordon, of Walker
County. Ga., were united in marriage. Of this union, three
children were born, all of whom are yet living— Gordon Rus-
sell, of Sherman, Tex., Henry A. Russell, Jr.. of Richmond,
Va., and Joe Russell, of Atlanta, Ga. After the death of his
first wife, he was married to Mrs. Charlotte Moral, a mem-
ber of a prominent Georgia family, who also preceded him
to the great beyond.
He was a Mason for many years, devoted to the order and
illustrating its lofty principles in his life and character, and
his Masonic brethren laid him to rest at Dalton. Ga., his old
home, with their sublime and beautiful ceremonies. He was
a member of Joe E. Johnston Camp, U. C. V., Atlanta, and
always took a lively interest in all things that concerned the
soldiers of the Confederacy. While Henry A. Russell never
doubted the justice of the cause for which the South fought,
yet he accepted the results of the war as accomplished facts
and turned his face to the future. With tender devotion to
the Old South, he threw his energies with those who were
engaged in building it up anew. He was endowed with high
physical and moral courage and stood for truth and right as
he understood them with unfaltering faith and unflinching
front. His devotion to his convictions was of that stamp
which made him willing at the call of duty to sacrifice himself
to the uttermost. He was a consistent member of the Second
Baptist Church, of Atlanta, Ga.. and died in the triumph of a
Christian faith. Simple and unassuming in his manners, ten-
der and regardful of those with whom he came in contact.
with a wealth of refined humor and a store of valuable learn-
ing and wisdom, he was a rare and most interesting friend
and companion. As a husband and father he was faithful
and affectionate and reached the highest ideals.
Looking back over his life, one is reminded of the true old
saying that, "while a king may make a lord, it requires God
Almighty to make a gentleman." He was one of those men
who made the world much better for having lived in it.
W. B. Whitaker.
\V. B. Whitaker, a prominent citizen of Meridian, Miss.,
died at his home there on July 8, 1916. Representatives of
Walthall Camp, U. C. V., of Meridian, of which he was a
member, and of both Chapters, U. D. C, were present at the
funeral, and the red and white of the Confederacy was largely
in evidence in the many beautiful floral tributes.
William Burton Whitaker was born in Orange County,
near Raleigh, N. C, February 18, 1840. Later he went to
Tennessee, and just at the close of the war he was married
to Miss Mary Simpson, of Purdy, Tenn. His married life
was spent in Tupelo, Miss., and the last twelve years in
Meridian. He was mustered into the service of the Confed-
eracy under Jefferson Forrest and after the death of the lat-
ter served under Gen. N. B. Forrest until the close of the
war, being one of the advance guard of this noted cavalry
leader. At one time, while stationed near a Northern regi-
ment at Fort Pillow, one of the Northern soldiers dared young
Whitaker to come and take the Stars and Stripes that was
flying from the fort. Whitaker answered : "You wait, and I'll
do it." When the fighting began, the daring soldier did cap-
ture the colors. President Davis wrote offering to make him
a lieutenant for his bravery, but, ever modest and reserved,
he declined the honor and told his chieftain that he preferred
to remain in the ranks as a private soldier. It is with pride
that his family tells of their father's great love for General
Forrest, and his record as a soldier tinder that great leader
is a precious heritage to them.
N. B. LlTTLEJOHN.
The spirit of N. B. Littlejohn, of Stilwell, Okla., passed
from its earthly tenement on November 5, 1915. A wounded
and maimed veteran of the sixties, from which he suffered
during fifty years, he was spared sickness and pain when he
laid him down for the last long sleep. He loved the cause of
the Southland even more, perhaps, in his declining years than
when following the Stars and Bars. All Stilwell and his
friends everywhere regarded him highly for his noble char-
acter.
N. B. Littlejohn was born in Spartanburg, S. C, and had
reached the age of seventy-six years. When a young man he
went to Texas and at the beginning of the War between the
States enlisted in Company G, S2d Texas Cavalry Regiment,
serving with bravery and distinction. He was wounded in
the battle of Chickamauga and received an honorable dis-
charge.
After the war he engaged in the mercantile business at
Evansville, Ark., until 1898, when the family removed to
Stilwell, Okla., where he was a leading merchant for many
years, lending his loyal support to the upbuilding of the town,
morally as well as materially. In his years of life in Stilwell
he filled acceptably the duties of mayor and town treasurer.
He was a devoted member of the Presbyterian Church.
In 1872 he was married to Miss Narcona Adair, who sur-
vives him with their four children, a son and three daughters.
Qoijfederat^ l/eteraij.
465
J. C. HlLLSMAN.
J. C. Hillsman was born in Campbell County. Va.. seven
miles from Lyncliburg, March 3, 1842. In 1861 he enlisted in
the Confederate army and fought in nearly every important
battle of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was in the
first battle of Manassas, also at Gettysburg, where he was
wounded. Upon recovery he returned to the army and con-
tinued to the end of the war.
Comrade Hillsman was married November 28. 1865, to Mis-;
Martha Ryland Miller, who survives him with six of their
nine children, four sons and two daughters, also twenty-four
grandchildren. After his marriage he took charge of his
mother's estate in Virginia for two years, then moved to
Texas and settled near LaGrange, in Fayette County. In 1880
he went to Ledbetter and purchased a lumber yard. He moved
to Giddings in 1910 and there lived to the time of his death.
Mr. Hillsman was successful as a farmer and also in the
lumber business. He was that type of man who was taken
into counsel by all classes and was connected with a number
of enterprises where varied interests were involved. His ac-
tivities were characterized by faithfulness and wisdom. He
had been President of the First Xational Bank of Giddings
since 1908. He was a consistent member of the Missionary
Baptist Church for forty-four years and superintendent of the
Sunday school at Ledbetter for about twenty years. lie was
active not only in local Church work, but also in the more
general work of his denomination. He was a man of de-
cision of character and held a high moral standard for him
self and others. To the 'end of his life he maintained a deep
religious devotion. The family altar is one of the distinct
memories of his home.
iin July 22. 1916, the sudden summons came that took him
to Ins eternal rest.
John H. Witt.
John II. Witt u.is born in Virginia on September 11. 182.;.
and died at the residence of his son, B. B. C. Witt, near
Benton, Tenn., on April 7, 1916. aged ninety-two years. He
was baptized as an infant into the Methodist Church. About
182S lie was taken by his parents into the Cherokee country.
on Greasy Creek, south of Hiwassee River, and as a child
learned the Cherokee language.
In August, 1861, he and his father, the latter then sixty-one
years old, volunteered in Captain Hancock's company, the
fourth company to be raised in Polk County for service in
the Confederate army. This company was afterwards organ-
ized into the 29th Tennessee Infantry and became Company
B. Later on the son. on account of rheumatism, was trans-
ferred to Company E, 5th Tennessee Cavalry, went on the
Scott raid into Kentucky, was captured and taken to Camp
Chase and afterwards to Fort Delaware, where he remained
until just before the surrender of General Lee, when, with
a few others, he was paroled. He was ever true to the prin-
ciples for which he fought. The Confederate cause was
always sacred to him. He was as true to his friends as he
was to the principles for which he fought. His father, though
a gray-haired old man at the beginning of the war, served
his term of enlistment and was honorably discharged.
In his last declining years he was tenderly cared for by
his son. With sincere appreciation of the friendship that
existed between us, it is with sadness that I place this humble
tribute to his memory.
[Tribute by A. J. Williams.]
Marion Shelton.
Marion Shelton was born in Middle Tennessee January
16, 1834, a son of James and Jane (Hudson) Shelton, who
were the parents of seven children. The father died when
Marion was but one year old. After reaching manhood he
moved to Mississippi, and when the war broke out he joined
Company K, 1st Mississippi Infantry, taking part in the
battle of Fort Donelson, where his entire regiment was cap-
tured. He was taken as a prisoner to Camp Morton. Indiana,
and there confined seven months. After being exchanged
he rejoined his command before Vicksburg, Miss. On the
reorganization of his company he was elected first lieutenant,
and his regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, La. In that
battle he was again captured and taken to Johnson's Island
and held a prisoner until the close of the war.
Returning to Mississippi. Marion Shelton farmed until
1869, when he went to Texas. He bought land from time to
time until he hail a good fortune in some twelve or fifteen
hundred acres of Lamar County's very best lands. He was
a man of energy, straight and honorable in all his dealings.
He was a friend to all in distress: to his old Confederate
friends his house was open at all times of need. He was
faithful to every trust reposed in him and a man whose life
is worthy of emulation in many ways.
Marion Shelton died on January 29, 1010, near the place
where he settled when he went to Texas. He left one son,
live daughters, and numberless friends to mourn their loss.
A ripe and beautiful life was his of eighty-two years.
[J. M. Lattimore and Thomas J. Selby. committee for
Camp No. 1766. U. C. V.. Roxton. Tex.l
Luthh I Fry,
Luther C. Fry, who was a Confederate soldier in the Army
of Northern Virginia, died May 3, 1016. in Mobile. Ma.,
where he had lived many years, beloved and respected in all
who knew him. He was born in Orance County, Va., No
vember 17, 1S44. the son of Philip Fry. In the spring of 1861
he left his studies at school and enlisted in the Confederate
service in Company A. 13th Virginia Infantry, commanded
by Ambrose P. Hill. Later he served with Elzey's Brigade.
Ewell's Division, in the battle of First Manassas. During the
famous Valley Campaign he was under Stonewall Jackson and
took part in the Seven Days' battles before Richmond. Aftei
his enlistment expired he was discharged because he was
under military age. Just before the battle of Gettysburg he
reenlisted in the battery commanded by his brother, Capt. C.
W. Fry. in Col. Thomas Carter's battalion of artillery.
Confederate Veterans of Tuscaloosa County, Ala.
lames R. Maxwell, of Tuscaloosa, Ala., chairman of com-
mittee, furnished the following list of veterans of Tuscaloosa
County who have passed away during the year. These names
will doubtless be familiar to comrades in other sections of the
country: John A. Caldwell, Frank Cooper, Isaac Cox, John
Daniel, Napoleon Goree, Samuel Hassell, Miles Hodge-. I
J. Horton, Isaac Robertson.
Heaths in James Newton Camp, U. C. V.
Commander J. 11. Lee reports the following deaths in James
Xewton Camp, at Eldorado, Ark., all good soldiers and val-
uable citizens of Union County, Ark. :
James A. Sewell, J. W. Newsom, B. W. Cook (a native of
Monroe County, Ala.), and Deedy Newton (of Hillsboro.
Ark.). J. W. McMillan also died there last summer. He
was from Mississippi and served with a Mississippi regiment
466
C^oi}federat^ tfeterap.
Judge Samuel Hexry Sprott.
Samuel Henry Sprott. son of Robert and Mary Sprott; was
born on June 14. 1840, in Sumter County, Ala., and died April
12, 1916, in Jasper. Walker County. Ala. He was reared on
a farm and was educated in the country schools and in Barton
Academy, in Mobile, Ala. Entering the Confederate army as
a private in March. 1862. he was soon afterwards made a
lieutenant and then captain of Company A, 40th Alabama
Regiment. He commanded this company to the end. sur-
rendering with it in Salisbury, X. C. in May. 1865. As a sol-
dier he was true to every call of duty, shirking no hardships
and meeting bravely every danger. In war. as in civil and
professional life, he was always the high-toned, patriotic
Christian gentleman.
Returning home after the surrender, he taught school,
studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1868. After fif-
teen years of successful law practice, he was appointed in
1883 by Gov. E. A. O'Xeal judge of the Sixth Judicial Dis-
trict, and he was successively reelected to this office until he
voluntarily retired in 1010, having served as judge for nearly
twenty-eight years. His last public service was as State
Senator in the legislature of 191 1.
In 1868 he married Miss Leonora, the daughter of Dr. A.
E. Brockway. She. with their two sons, four daughters, and
twelve grandchildren, survives him. In his cultured home he
was affectionate to his family, impressing upon them his high
ideals and his laudable ambitions. He dispensed delightful
hospitality to his friends and left the influence of his
strong, inspirational personality upon all with whom he came
in contact.
In the days of Reconstruction he was actively engaged with
other patriots to abolish the evils of that horrible period of
political misrule and to reestablish peace and good govern-
ment in the State. He was a Royal Arch Mason, and for
forty years he was an officer in the Presbyterian Church in
Livingston. Joel C. DuBose.
Capt. William I. Rasix.
On Sunday, June 18, Capt. William I. Rasin died at his
home, in Xewport News. Va. He was born on July 4, 1841,
in Kent County, his father, Macall Medford Rasin. being an
honored and influential citizen of that county. After his
father's death, in 1848, William Rasin became a member of
the family of his uncle, Unit Rasin, a merchant of St. Louis.
Mo. He attended the city schools for several years, but in
1S58 he went to Leavenworth, Kans., and began his business
life. In the spring of 1861 he returned to Kent County, on
his way to Richmond to enter the Southern army, and or-
ganized a cavalry company, of which he was chosen captain
and which became Company E, of the 1st Maryland Regiment,
C. S. A.
He was constantly engaged in the arduous duties of that
branch of the service and participated in many severe en-
gagements. Near Winchester. Va.. his horse was shot, and
he received a dangerous saber wound in the head, but soon
returned to his command. Rev. Dr. Randolph H. McKim, of
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's staff, in his "Soldier's Recollec-
tions," states that Captain Rasin at the head of his company
led the last charge at Appomattox. He says : "This was hand-
somely made by the 1st Maryland Cavalry under the follow-
ing circumstances as related to me by Col. Cary Brecken-
ridge, of the 2d Virginia Cavalry. When the enemy in full
charge was seen coming not one hundred yards distant, Capt,
William I. Rasin, commanding the first squadron and riding
with Colonel Horsey at the head of his regiment, said:
'Colonel, we must charge them ; it is the only chance.' And
as the words left his lips Dorsey, who had perceived the
necessity, gave the command : 'Draw saber ! Gallop ! Charge !'
And this little band of Marylandcrs hurled themselves against
the heavy column and drove them back. This was the last
blow struck by the Army of Northern Virginia."
Soon after the war Captain Rasin formed a partnership
with Col. Harry McCoy as commission merchants in Balti-
more, and a successful business was conducted for a number
of years. Later he became deputy collector of internal reve-
nue in that city. Still later he entered the service of an
English steamship company of Newport Xews. Va., in which
he remained until death.
Captain Rasin was married in 1867 to Miss Mary A. Gar-
nett, of Buckingham County, Va., who survives him. His
force of character and personal attractions were recognized
by all who truly knew him, and throughout his long life truth
and honor were ever his guiding principles.
Capt. J. R. Dillon,
Capt. John Reade Dillon, a Confederate veteran, died in
Savannah, Ga., on April 15. 1916. He was born in that city
February 11, 1839. and had witnessed the place of his birth
transformed from a sleepy town to a great seaport. In all that
time he loved Savannah with an unswerving devotion. Cap-
tain Dillon was educated in the schools of Savannah and at
Mount St. Mary's College, Emmittsburg, Md. He then en-
gaged in commercial pursuits in Savannah.
On January 3, 1861, as a member of the Savannah Volunteer
Guards, he. took part in the occupation of Fort Pulaski and
the hoisting of the flag of Georgia thereon. Later in that year
the Volunteer Guards' Battalion, also known as the 18th
Georgia Battalion, was organized, and Comrade Dillon was
elected second lieutenant of Company C. During 1863 he
was on duty in the defense of Charleston, serving with the
garrison at Battery Wagner and on Sullivan's Island during
the tremendous artillery warfare of that period. In the spring
of 1865 the battalion was sent to Virginia; and Lieutenant
Dillon participated in the battle of Chapin's Farm and the
fighting along the Richmond and Petersburg lines from May,
1864, to April, 1865, at the last being attached to the brigade
of Gen. Clement A. Evans. At the battle of Sailor's Creek.
April 6, 1865, on the retreat to Appomattox, he commanded
his company and was shot in the leg and captured by the
enemy. The army was paroled a few days later, but on ac-
count of his capture in the battle he was a prisoner of war
at Fortress Monroe until August, 1865.
During Reconstruction days Captain Dillon rendered inval-
uable assistance in combating the baleful influence of the car-
petbaggers' regime in Georgia. When the reorganization of
the Guards was perfected, he was elected captain of Company
C of the battalion and commanded his company for several
years. He served as an alderman of Savannah from 1874 to
1881. At the time of his death Captain Dillon was an honorary
member of the Guards and of the Confederate Veterans' Asso-
ciation, in both of which organizations he maintained his
interest. He was a devoted member of the Catholic Church.
Captain Dillon was married to Miss Higgins, of New York,
a niece of John McLaughlin, of Savannah. Only a sister sur-
vives him. Captain Dillon will long be remembered for his
many acts of unostentatious charity, his love for Savannah
and his loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
467
Mrs. 11. 11. 01 ns
Deaths in Washington Division, U. D. C.
The Washington Division, U. D. C, has had the unusual ex-
perience of losing three State officers within six months of
their election to office. These were: Mrs. N. F. Brooks, of
Spokane, State Recorder of Crosses ; Mrs. D. D. Olds, Re-
cording Secretary ; and Mrs.
Marie Burrows Sayre, State
Director Arlington Monument
Fund, a notice of whom ap-
peared in the Veteran for
July, page ,}tS. All of them
were valuable and efficient of-
ficers and members.
Mrs. D. D. Olds was born
in St. Charles, Minn., fiftj one
years ago last March ; she
passed away late in the year
1915 at her home, in Wenat-
chee, Wash. Her parents were
from the South, One uncle,
Benjamin Yancy, was a cap-
tain in the Confederate army,
while another uncle. William
Yancy, was sent as a secret commissioner to England by the
Confederate government. Twenty-seven years ago Mrs Olds
removed to Seattle, where she was prominently identified with
educational work for many years, removing Mime live years
ago to Wenatchee She was
one of the organizers of the
Ella K. Trader Chapter at that
place and was serving the
Chapter as Recording Secre
tary at the time of her death
Mrs, Narcissa F. Brooks was
one of the most prominent
Southern women of Spokane,
of which she bad been a resi-
dent for sixteen years, having
gone there from Tennessee.
Sin assisted in forming tin
Mildred Lee Chapter of Spo-
kane ten years ago and was its
first President, She bad held
the office of State Recorder of
Crosses since TQio. and until
she became ill. a few months ago. she was an active worker
in the organization. She is survived b> a son and daughter,
both of Spokane.
J. C. Price.
J. C. Price died very suddenly on September 20. 1015.
Death was due to heart failure. He was born October id.
1840, at Marlin's Bottom, the present site of the town of
Marlinton, W. Va. At the outbreak of the war be enlisted
in Company I". 1st Virginia Cavalry, and served throughout
tin- war. He was wounded once when home on a furlough
while trying to escape capture by swimming Greenbrier River.
After the war he engaged in farming and cattle-raising and
made a comfortable fortune. He was twice married, his sec
ond wife, with two sons and one daughter, surviving him.
Mr. Price had a line memory ami a good gift in conversa-
tion, lie knew much of the early history of Powhatan
County, which he liked to tell along with his war reminis-
cences.
MRS. N. F. UROOKS.
Samuel Gustine.
Another gap was made in the fast-fading gray lines with
the death of Samuel Gustine at his home, in Colorado. Tex .
on December II, 1915. He was born in New Orleans. La., on
the 26th of January. 1844, and enlisted in Company A, Madi-
son Infantry, 4th Louisiana Battalion (Jack Powell, captain;
John Mcllenry, colonel; Randall L. Gibson, major general).
Army of Tennessee. Joseph E. Johnston, commander. For one
year he was under General Floyd in West Virginia. He was
captured in September, 1863, ami was sent to Camp Chase,
Ohio, for seven months. He was then exchanged and was
on bis way to rejoin bis regiment when he met Wilson's
command of cavalry making a raid through Alabama and
Georgia and was captured at Seltna, Ala., on April 2, 1865.
with three thousand other Confederates. He remained for
ten days in the stockade in Selma and was then taken out and
marched toward a Northern prison. The second night out.
while within twelve miles of Montgomery, he made his escape
with two other comrades and was mustered out of service at
Richmond. Va., May 25, 1865.
Returning to what had been bis home, be found that bis
mother's plantation home, on Milligan's Bend, in Madison
Parish, La., had been burned li\ the Federals, and his mother
and sisters were living in Shreveport with her son in-law, Cap-
tain Buckner, and in that city she made a home for her sons
when they returned from the war. In 1872 Samuel Gustine
moved to Colorado, Tex., and was elected treasurer of Mitchell
County, resigning after some years on account of ill health
He married Miss Carrie Clark in 1880, and to them a son was
given to bless the home for nine short years.
\t the close of the w:ar only Comrade Gustine was left of
his company. He was a faithful soldier, honorable and brave,
and in all relations of lit",- In- was g 1 and tine to his country.
his family, and his friends He was a son of Dr. Lemuel
Gustine. who before the war was associated with Dr, Warren.
of New Orleans, a noted physician
Jon v \..\i R,
Mr. John Agner, of near Bucna Vista, Rockbridge County.
Va., lost his life on the evening of April 4. 1916, when his
home burned to the ground, be being unable to escape.
Mr. Agner was a Confederate veteran, having served
throughout the war as a member of the famous Rockbridge
Artillery, anil was seventy-six years of age at his death. He
resided at the old Agner place, about four miles northwest
of Buena Yista. where he had lived for many years. Mr. D.
B \gncr. of Warm Springs, and Mrs. J. S. Anderson, of
Covington, Va., a brother and sister, survive him. The Rock-
bridge Artillery served with great distinction throughout the
war and. together with Carpenter's Battery, belonged to the
Stonewall Brigade, which was composed of the 2d. 4th. ?th,
27th, and 33d Virginia Regiments and the two batteries named.
J. A. Clendennen.
.1. A. Gendennen died September 21. 1915. at his home, in
Saddle Mountain, Okla., at the age of seventy-nine years.
He was a faithful Confederate soldier and for four vcars
served gallantly as a member of Granbury's Texas Brigade.
There was none braver or more loyal to the South than
be. After the war he became a stock farmer in Texas. He
removed to New Mexico in 1802 and from there to Okla-
homa. He was a good citizen, a loving father, and a true
friend, and was liked by all who knew him. His faithful and
devoted wife survived him only two weeks. He was a
member of the Missionary Baptist Church.
468
Qorjfederat^ l/eteran.
XTlniteb ©augbters of tbe Confeberac?
Mrs. J. II. Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal First Vice President General
Mrs. I- M. Bashinsky, Troy, Ala Second Vice President General
M rs. Lulu A. Lovell, Denver, Colo Third Vice President General
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Newton, N. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. W. F, Baker, Savannah, Ga Corresponding Secretary General
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General
Washington, D. C.
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va Treasurer General
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Little Rock, Ark Registrar General
Miss Mildred Rutherford, Athens, Ga Historian General
Mrs. John W. Tench, Gainesville, Fla Custodian Cross of Honor
Mrs. W, K. Beard, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian Flags and Pennants
"^£ot*a 7ffaAros ffljfomory &far*ia/ "
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
Dear Daughters: hi a little more than a month after this
letter appears we will meet in Dallas, Tex., for our annual
convention, and I again appeal to Division and Chapter Presi-
dents to read carefully By-Law I., Section 3, By-Law VII.,
and By-Law II., Section 11, and also to follow instructions
given in convention call.
Your attention is called to an error in the September Vet-
eran by which I was made to say, "We should have at least
one thousand active members," instead of, "We should have at
least one hundred thousand active members."
There appears to be a misunderstanding on the part of some
of the Daughters regarding the memorial window to the
Southern women of the sixties which we have undertaken to
place in the magnificent Red Cross Building in the course of
erection in Washington. There are to be three windows side
by side, one to be placed by the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy to the women of the South, one by the women of the
Loyal Legion to the women of the North, and a third, the
middle one, by both of these societies to the Red Cross. In
April Mrs. James Henry Parker and I visited the studio of
Mr. Louis Tiffany, in New York, to see the design for these
windows and arrange for the payments of the United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy. The design, which had been passed
by the Board of the Red Cross Society, we considered most
beautiful and artistic. The scheme is symbolical, with noth-
ing to indicate sectionalism. The latest report from our
Treasurer General showed that she had received $1,748.41
toward the $5,000 for whicli we obligated ourselves at the
Savannah convention. A large picture of Mrs. E. K. Trader
will hang in this Red Cross Building.
You will recall that Mrs. Trader was known as the Florence
Nightingale of the Southern army, and for her heroic, loving
devotion during four years to the "boys in gray" she won for
herself a place in the hearts of all true Southerners which
time should never efface. Her course was bitterly opposed
by her family, but, nevertheless, she took five of her servants
and a carload of hospital supplies, went to Memphis, Tenn.,
and began her arduous labors, working to help the sick and
wounded from four in the morning until after midnight, with
never a thought of self. While she was at work in the Empire
House Hospital, in Atlanta, Ga., and the Shiloh battle was
imminent, Gen. Pat Cleburne wrote her to get all the hospital
supplies and clothing she could obtain from aid societies and
come at once to Corinth, Miss. She collected the contribu-
tions, chartered a special train, and alone with her faithful
servants went to Corinth and converted the Tishomingo Hotel
and Corinth House as well as she could into hospitals. In a
few days the wounded from Shiloh began to arrive, hauled
many miles over rough, muddy roads in jolting wagons. Soon
they came in such numbers that every bunk was filled and the
floors so covered that it was almost impossible to get down
beside the suffering ones to render first aid or satisfy their
burning thirst and hunger. She told me a few days ago that
she weeps now wdien she recalls the heroism and suffering of
those dear soldier boys who fell in the battle of Shiloh and
who lie buried in the deep trenches on Shiloh battle field, and
that no monument would be too great or magnificent to show
the everlasting remembrance of the people for whose cause
they died. For the fifty-one years since the close of the war,
which left her destitute, she has with the same courage fought
the battle of life, supporting herself in a government position
until a year ago, when, totally deaf, blind in one eye, and
otherwise seriously afflicted, she could work no longer. To-day
she is suffering, and, Daughters, we are neglecting her. In
1912 her case was brought before us, and the Chapters were
asked to contribute, if possible, the small sum of one dollar
a year toward the Trader Fund, a small amount for each Chap-
ter, but in the aggregate a sum that would have brought her
comfort. I am sure you have forgotten this appeal, as the
amount contributed has been so pitiably small. I urge you to
take prompt and generous action, as the case is most urgent.
On March 1, 1916, the audited account of the Arlington
Monument Association showed a balance due of $4,725.25.
The .Treasurer's report of June 36, 1916, showed since paid to
Sir Moses Ezekiel $700, leaving a balance due him of $4,025.25.
This is exclusive of the $1,000 assumed by the general organi-
zation, $500 of which was paid Sir Moses direct and $500
through the Treasurer of the Arlington Monument Associa-
tion in July. On August 29, 1916, the Treasurer reported to
me a balance on .hand, after paying $58.84 for auditing and ex-
penses, of $200.04, leaving to be collected $3,825.21.
Miss Caby M. Froman, Director for Kentucky, wrote me in
August that she had on hand $26.40, as follows : Kate Morri-
son Breckinridge Chapter, Danville, $5 ; Crepps Wickliffe
Chapter, Bardstown, $6.70; Mayfield Chapter, Mayfield, $2;
Tom Barrett Chapter, Ghent, $5.70; Albert Sidney Johnston
Chapter, Louisville, $4; Joshua Gore Chapter, Bloomfield, $1;
Jefferson Davis Chapter, Guthrie, $2. I have not heretofore
mentioned these contributions, as this is the first statement
sent me, and the Treasurer has reported them in the Veteran
each month. The fact I wish to emphasize is that, after nine
years of effort, there remains to be raised, after adding ex-
penses, such as premium on bond, etc., approximately $4,000.
Many of you will recall how very comfortable Mr. C. H.
Gattis made your trip to the Coast last year. He has arranged
two most attractive tours to Dallas, details of which can be
obtained by addressing the Gattis Tours, 311-312 Tucker Build-
ing, Raleigh, N. C.
Faithfully yours. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer,
President General.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
469
THE GEORGIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. W. D. LAMAR, MACON.
The Georgia Division, under its new President. Mrs. Her-
bert Franklin, of Tennillc, continues its growth in numbers
and keeps up its record of good deeds. In June, at Barnes
ville, was held the Annual State Conference of the Children
of the Confederacy, Miss Anna Bryant, of Macon, State Di-
rectress ; Charles Hall Derry, of Macon, State President.
Many United Daughters of the Confederacy were in attend-
ance, and great plans were made for future work based on the
splendid reports of the past year's activities. The hospitality
of Barnesville made the Conference a great success socially.
The Georgia Division has responded enthusiastically to the
Memorial Window Fund in the Red Cross Building at Wash
ington, its State Director. Mrs. J. A. Selden, of Macon. Ga.,
having forwarded to Mrs. C. B. Tate the contributions up to
date ($265), and more will be given later.
A bill devised and promoted by the Georgia United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy is now being actively urged by them
before the legislature of the State, to the end that a branch of
the State University, be established at Crawfordville for the
education at a moderate price of pool boys and girls, ilns
school to be at Liberty Hall, the old home of Alo
Stephens, and to he known as the "Stephens Memorial."
The Georgia delegation to the U. D. C. convention .11 Dal-
las bids fair to be a large one, and Georgia's indorsenv
Mrs. Lamar for President General in 1917 will there be for-
mally made known to the United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy.
The Jefferson Davis Highway
In a circular letter to Stale Presidents and State Chairmen
of the Jefferson Davis Highway Committee tin- request has
been made that all efforts be bent toward securing the build-
ing of a national highway to he named the "Jefferson Davis
Highway." To each have been sent copies of the memorial to
Congress advocating such a plan. The memorial to Congress
sets forth the South's loyalty to the Union, as illustrated in
her large quota of soldiers sent to the Spanish-American
War, and cites the services of Mr. Davis as Secretary of War
and as a notably brave leader of United States troops in the
war with Mexico. The memorial closes with the following-
"Finally, we, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, do
hereby beg that the United States Congress follow the lead
of Hon. Joseph Cannon in recognizing among the great men
of \merica Jefferson Davis and that such recognition shall
take the form of a national highway to be built and main
t.iined by the government, to be named the Jefferson Davis
Highway, across the southern part of the United States, join-
ing the Abraham Lincoln Highway at the north side of the
Potomac and again at its terminus in the Far West.
"Respectfully submitted: Dorothy Blount Lamar, Chairman.
Macon, Ga. ; Mrs. Alexander B. White. Paris, Tenn. ; Mrs.
Drury Conway Ludlow. Washington, D. C. ; Mrs. T. D. Davis.
McAlestcr, Okla. ; Miss Jennie S. Price. Lewisburg, W. Va . ;
Miss Daisy McLaurin Stevens, Brandon, Miss. ; Miss Decca
Lamar West. Waco, Tex. : Mrs. J. A. Selden, Secretary.
Macon. Ga. — Jefferson Davis Highway Committee, United
Daughters of the Confederacy."
The States have received the suggestion with great enthusi-
asm, and the Secretary has been called on for a large num-
ber of additional copies of the memorial by many of the
chairmen. It is a mammoth undertaking, but united effort
can do great things; and it is earnestly hoped that every
U. D. C. in the country will lend a hand to this worthy proj-
ect. Let us make known the wishes of the South in the dis-
posal of the $85,000,000 recently appropriated by Congress tor
national highways.
THE COLORADO DIVISION.
V.\ MRS. ELIZABETH TERRILL DUNCAN, DENVER.
It is a great pleasure to report some of the many things our
Division has accomplished during the past year. On January
19 the Margaret Davis Hayes and the Robert Lee Chapters,
of Denver, celebrated General I.ee*s birthday at the Brown
Palace Hotel. An excellent program was rendered, and de-
licious refreshments were served during the social hour to
two hundred and fiftj members and guests. In April both
Chapters gave a theater party for the benefit of the State
work, realizing a nice sum.
Two scholarships have been awarded our Chapter, one from
the old Virginia University, the other from Meridian. Miss.
A young man from Pueblo has been selected for the scholar-
ship at the University of Virginia, He is a bright youth, a
descendant from an old Virginia family,
On Memorial Daj the State Division placed markers at all
1 infederate graves in our two beautiful burial parks.
Riverside and Fairmount, and both ( hapters united in the
memorial services. The Sons oi Confederate Veterans in
Denver cooperati cordiallj with the Chapters
The birthday of Jefferson Davis was observed at Citj Park
and addresses were delivered by Drs Norman and Evans
rhroughout the year crosses of honor wen bestowed by the
various Chapters upon those entitled to them. Mrs. A. J
Emerson. Chairman of the Book Indorsement Committee, is
doing splendid work with her committee, and we trust the
tune is not far distant when the war history of our dear old
Southland will he truthfully recorded. All the Chapters of
1 olorado have contributed to the Shiloh monument, also to
lucational and Benevolent Fund. The Margaret Davis
Hayes and the Nathan Forrest, of Pueblo, contributed ten
rents per capita for Arlington monument.
On August 1. "Colorado Day," the Sons of Colorado erected
.1 tent at Citj Park, decorated it beautifully, and invited the
Robert I Lee ami the Margaret Davis Hayes Chapters to
act as joint hostesses Fruit punch was served during the
afternoon to the main visitors and veterans, In the evening
all enjoyed .1 delicious basket supper and social time.
Feeling the need of some funds with which to carry on our
winter's work, the Margaret Davis Hayes Chapter, under the
competent leadership of its new President, Mrs. Puckett, held
1 luncheon for three consecutive days in the business district
of the city, and we feel well paid for the work. Our dear
Southern ladies in Colorado are ever ready to respond cheer-
fully to any call from the Daughters of the Confederacy.
( hir President gave the officers of the Margaret Davis Hayes
Chapter the great pleasure of an afternoon with Mrs. Talbot,
of Brownsville. Tex. It is such an inspiration t < 1 meet our
dear sisters from the South. Welcome to them' We hope to
meet more of them in the coming year. We had many joyous
occasions during the past year; hut it seems .is if sorrow must
cuter every family or gathering, and our Margaret Davis
Hayes Chapter has not been exempt. In the early part of the
summer death claimed one of our charter members. Mrs
Banks, a woman of beautiful Christian character and a loyal
Daughter of the Confederacy. During the coming winter we
hope the Colorado Chapters will do greater things than ever
before and that the tie between us and the South as coworkers
may grow stronger.
47°
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
THE VIRGINIA DIVISION.
BY MRS. CLASSEI.L F1TZHUCH, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.
During the summer months most of the Chapters of this
Division suspend their activities, but all are now resuming
their duties and showing renewed activity before the State
convention, which will be held in Lynchburg October 10-14.
Albemarle Chapter, No. 1. held its first meeting of the
season on September 20 and elected delegates to the State
and General Conventions. With sorrow report is made of the
death of three members during the past month, one of these
being Miss Cynthia Berkeley, first Secretary of this Chapter.
Surry Chapter has been doing excellent work. The His-
torian, Mrs. N. C. Shewmake, has aroused enthusiasm along
historical lines and created much interest in the study of
Southern history in the public schools of the county by offer-
ing prizes in essay work. The Chapter presented a handsome
State flag to the Robert E. Lee High School. Local and
Division relief work is also well cared for.
Amelia Chapter is very active along historical lines. The
"Battle of Sailors' Creek" has just been written by their Con-
gressman, Mr. Walter H. Watson, for the Chapter and placed
in the archives as a historical record.
The Chesterfield Juniors are young in years, but old in
activity and accomplishment. They were the first Juniors to
contribute to the Shiloh monument, sending $10. They have
visited the Soldiers' Home, carrying fruits and flowers to
those in the hospital, and later complimented the Home for
Xeedy Confederate Women with a handkerchief shower and
homemade candy. These little folks enjoy such visits, by
which they are made to feel that "it is more blessed to give
than to receive."
Goochland Chapter, Vinita, while small in numbers, is one
of the most active and enthusiastic Chapters in the Division.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
August i to September 4, 1916.
Arkansas: Hamburg Chapter, $1.20; R. E. Lee Chapter.
Conway, $7.35 ; L. C. Gause Chapter, Newport, $10.50. Total,
$19.05.
California : Mrs. A. E. Murphy, for Albert Sidney Johnston
Chapter, San Francisco, $5.
Georgia : Vienna Chapter, $2 ; Buena Vista Chapter, $3.
Total, $5.
Kentucky : Capt. Gus Dedman Chapter, Lawrenceburg, $2 ;
Charles W. Thompson, for Paducah Chapter, $2; Dr. Horace
Luten, Fulton, $1 ; Messrs. Arch E. and Harold DeBow, Hick-
man, $2; Messrs. Findley and W. M. Randle, Hickman, $2;
Mrs. E. O. Lovett, Mayfield. $5; Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Wilford,
Barlow, through Paducah Chapter, $2. Total, $16.
Mississippi: Mississippi Division, $50; Mrs. Lizzie Croft
(personal), Holly Springs, $10; F. A. Darnly Chapter. Wig-
gins, $1.50: T. D. Beall Chapter. Booneville. $5; Booneville
school children. East and West Side, $1.11; Private Taylor
Rucks Chapter, Greenville, $5; John H. Blakemore. Jr. (per-
sonal). $1; Mrs. George Cox. Sr. (personal), $5. Total.
$78.61.
Oklahoma: John H. Reagan Chapter, Wynnewood, $1;
Bertie E. Davis Chapter, Wenoka, $1. Total. $2.
Tennessee: Sarah Law Chapter, Memphis, $50; Livingston
Chapter, Brownsville, $10; T. R. Preston, for Fifth Tennessee
Regiment Chapter, Paris, $10; J. T. Lupton, for Fifth Ten-
nessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $25 ; Mrs. W. H. Coffman.
for Fifth Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $10; E. Wilkins.
for Fifth Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $50; Mrs. T.
B. Herron, for Mary Latham Chapter, Memphis, $10; Mrs.
Marcella Armistead, for Mary Latham Chapter, Memphis.
$2; Mary Latham, Memphis, $38. Total, $205.
Texas: New York exchange from Brenham (no name)
given), $5: Dallas Chapter. $5. Total, $10.
Virginia: Thirteenth Regiment Chapter, Orange, $10; Ma-
nassas Chapter, $2.50; Turner Ashby Chapter, Harrisonburg.
$3.85 ; Holston Chapter, Marion, $5 ; Pickett-Buchanan Chap-
ter, Norfolk, $10; Flora Stuart Chapter, Pulaski, $1; Anna
Stonewall Jackson Chapter, Abington, $5 ; Tazewell Chapter,
$20; Halifax Chapter, South Boston, $5; H. A. Wise Chap-
ter, Cape Charles, $25; R. T. W. Duke, Jr., Charlottesville.
$1 ; W. McDonald Lee, Irvington, $1 ; Rev. Father Payne.
Clifton Forge, $5 : Rev. E. P. Dandridge, Petersburg, $1 ;
Saltville-Preston Chapter, Saltville, $5. Total, $100.35.
Collections since last report, $441.01 ; less refund to Mrs.
McKinney, $24.85.
Collections in hands of Treasurer since last report, $416.16.
Total collections in hands of Treasurer at last report, $10.-
166.85.
Total collections in hands of Treasurer to date, $10,583.01.
The Treasurer wishes to call especial attention to a check
for $10 contributed by the Boston Chapter, of Boston, Mass.,
on March 22. In making the copy of the report the item
was omitted, though the amount was included.
Ibistorian <3eneral's Ipaoe.
by' miss mildred lewis rutherford, athens, ga.
Farewell !
With this month's program my work as Historian General
ceases. For five years I have been very happy in this work
and wish to express to the U. D. C. my grateful appreciation
of an honor I consider the greatest in their gift. I leave the
office with the feeling that some one else may have done more
efficient work, but with a knowledge that no one could have
done it with more love and interest for the cause. I wish to
thank the Confederate Veteran for the courtesy of its pages
so generously given to me for this work and for the many
words of appreciation, so often expressed, of my work.
I wish to thank the Historians of Divisions and Chapters
for hearty cooperation in carrying out the programs as sug-
gested by me and for the beautiful roses of appreciation
thrown to me at their Division conventions as given in the
minutes of those conventions. These words of commendation
will be long cherished by me.
To the Directresses of the Children of the Confederacy and
to the children themselves I have words of thanks for the way
they have appealed to me for guidance and aid. How I love
that work ! and I wish always to be known as the Children's
friend. Upon their shoulders must our mantle fall when we
pass away.
My heart is happier than it has been for a long time over
the increasing interest from the Sons of Veterans. They are
taking such a live interest in having the textbook question
investigated, and we may begin to feel that in their hands
this all-important matter may rest.
Now last, but in no way least, I must bid farewell to the
Veterans. What a power of strength they have been to me !
What wise counsel have they given me ! How I have relied
Qopfederat^ l/eterat).
4/1
upon them to correct me when I was wrong! How many
wrongs of history they have helped me to right! How many
myths of history they have helped me to expose ! God bless
them all and preserve their lives to give their aid and coun-
sel for years to come !
To my successor, whoever she may be, I extend a loving
hand of welcome, with the assurance that I shall be ever ready
to give sympathy and aid if needed.
By rights the November and December programs should be
hers, and may be, but in the event she cannot get her work ad-
justed after the convention at Dallas I am sending those two
months' programs to the Vkteran to use or not, as may be
the case. I hope the program work will have no backset. 1
hope the Chapters will give to the new Historian General the
loving sympathy they have ever given me.
U. P. C. PROGRAM FOR OCTOBER. 1916.
(The Georgia Division, aided by personal friends, is having
the pamphlet, "Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln," printed.
Orders, 10 cents each, may lie sent for copies.)
Soutiii k\ I 1 XTBOOKS.
(Answers to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 29-38.)
Ritual.
1. Why should We Stress the USC of textbooks true to the
South ?
2. What per cent of tin books now in use are unjust to the
South ?
.}. What did Dr. Curry say in regard to history as now writ-
ten?
4. llou «ras Horace Greeley's "American Conflict" unjust
to the South'
5. How has the South suffered through misrepresentation
abroad?
6. How did the students of a Southern college acl when an
unjust textbook was not changed?
-. What is the object of the Historical Committee of the
U. D. C?
8. Have any books been written at the North In Northern
men that are just to the South?
9. Give some instances of injustice that have caused the Vet-
erans and Daughters to take active measures to right !J
10. Where is the danger from the book trust?
11. What injustice has been done Southern literature?
[2. Xante some books that should be in everj Southern
library.
c". OF C. PROGRAM FOR OCTOBER, 1916.
Manassas and Gettysburg.
1 See Alexander Stephens's "Historj of the War between the
States." I
Ritual.
1, Where was the first battle of the Confederacy fought?
Who won?
_'. Where was the first defeat? Why?
.V What kept General Lee from going 011 to Washington?
4, When did Lee Say "he had lost his right arm?
5. Who was it that told General Lee to go to the rear, or
the) would not tight ?
b. In what battle was the charge made by Pickett's men?
-. Read "Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg."
Reading: "The Jacket of Gray."
Reading: "Tell the Boys the War Is Over."
Reading : "The Land Where We Were Dreaming."
Reading : "Lee to the Rear."
(For "Battle of Gettysburg" see "(ireat Epochs of Ameri-
can History," Volume VIII.. page 121.)
FIRS! FA I IFF OF MANASSAS, OR BULL RUN.
I he inst battle of Manassas was fought on July 21, 1861.
The Confederates were commanded by Beauregard and the
Federals by McDowell. Joseph E. Johnston, with eight thou-
sand men. was in the Shenandoah Valley, anil when telegraphed
for by a movement with bardie a parallel in the annals of
w.u lie joined General Beauregard in time to drive back the
advancing and formidable hosts. The battle was fought on
Sunday, and the result was a complete victory for the Con-
federate-.
"The result of this battle between foiees SO unequal in num-
bers, as well as so unequal in arms and equipment, is to be
attributed mainly to the relative spirit by which officers and
men on the opposing sides were moved and animated in the
terrible conflict Great as was the skill of Generals Johnston
and Beauregard in the disposition and movement- oi theii
squadrons, that of General McDowell vvas al-o v. iv great
Hi- whole plan of operations from the beginning to the end
-bowed military genius of the highest order. The result,
therefore, did not depend so much upon the superior skill of
the commanders on the Confederate -ide as upon the high
objects and motives with which they, as well .1- those under
them, were inspired."
"The enemy lost all of his artillery, and, having no fresh
troops to rely upon, a general rout ensued." (Stephens's
"1 listory." )
From Edmund Clarence Stedman we have the Federal side
of this rout :
"What a scene! How terrific the onset of that tumultuous
retreat! For three miles the hosts of Federal troops, all de-
tached from their regiments, all mingled in one disorderly
rout, were fleeing along the road. Hacks containing unlucky
spectators of the battle were smashed as glass between the
army wagons and private carriages, and the occupants were
lost sight of in the debris. Horse- flying wildly in death
agony galloped forward at random, joining in the general
Stampede. Wounded men lying along the banks raised appeal-
ing hands in vain to those who rode by them. Then the ar-
tillery, such as was saved, came thundering by. smashing and
overpowering everything. The cavalry (1 record it with
shame) rode down the footmen without mercy, adding to the
terrors.
"Who ever saw such a flight? Who ever saw a more shame-
ful abandonment of munitions gathered at such vast expense?
I lie teamsters cut the traces of their horses and galloped from
the wagon-. Others, to accelerate flight, threw out grain,
pick-, -hovels, and provisions of every kind, to be trampled in
the dust. When some of the men at last were rallied, there
was scarcely one who had not thrown away his arms.
"If the eiieniv had followed with artillery and five hundred
cavalry, they would have captured enough supplies for .1
week's thanksgiving. As it was. we left behind enough to
tell the story of the panic and the rout of tin- Federal army
iii every way complete." (Copied from New York World.)
472
Confederate l/efceran.
Confeberateb Southern /Iftemorial association
Mrs. W.J. Behan President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwei.i Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording- Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian
1105H Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J. Entjers Robinson Corresponding Secretary
1 13 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Next Con,
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Le*
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia — Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
LOUISIANA — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warnei
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W, Frazei
Virginia— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
ttntton to be held in Birmingham. Ala,
LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION OF FREDER-
ICKSBURG, I' A.
REPORT OF MRS. JOHN T. GOOLRRK. PRESIDENT, APRIL 12, 1916.
We claim, and justly, I believe, that the custom of Me-
morial Day originated in the city of Fredericksburg. Indeed,
it is a matter of record made only a few months after the
surrender at Appomattox, and it is with pride and pleasure
that 1 can name my mother. Mrs. Chester B. White, as the
moving spirit and one of the most active workers for this
beautiful custom from its very inception. An article in a
Southern paper attracted her attention. It contained a sug-
gestion, the germ of this idea, that a day be set apart to strew
with flowers the graves of our Southern dead. She took it
up at once, and, being a good writer, many articles from her
pen were printed in the papers of several States. In local
work she was the leader, and the following is copied from the
annals of our Association : "In June, 1865, about two months
after the surrender of General Lee, a number of our ladies
met in the basement of St. George's Episcopal Church in this
city for the purpose of preserving a record and, as far as
possible, of marking the spot where every Confederate soldier
is buried."
At this meeting Mrs. White's suggestion that a day be set
apart and consecrated to decorate the graves of the Confed-
erate dead in our city cemetery was received with much en-
thusiasm, and after the transaction of the business which
brought them together, on motion of Mrs. White, it was
resolved : "That we hereby go in a body to the old ceme-
tery, where there are now buried quite a number of Confed-
erate soldiers, and decorate their graves with flowers."
This resolution was unanimously adopted. Being the month
of flowers, they were easily obtainable and were taken that
day to the cemetery. In the fall of that year another meeting
was held, and formal steps were taken to form "The Ladies'
Memorial Association." On May 10, 1866, this beautiful cus-
tom was first observed under the auspices of a fully estab-
lished association. Mrs. John II. Wallace was elected Presi-
dent and Mrs. Chester B. White First Vice President.
It would be too long a task at present for me to go into the
history of this Association, its work and its appeals; but the
first appeal, a beautiful one. was issued at this time. It was
written by Maj. J. Horace Lacy, signed by the officers and
by many prominent men of the town. I do not think it in-
appropriate here to pay a tribute to the memory of Major
I.acy, who was a chivalrous and loyal soldier of the Confed-
eracy and contributed valuable work and services to this As-
sociation in collecting contributions to it from the Southern
States, as well as from many individuals. ,
We claim that the first organized movement was made here,
that the observance of Memorial Day was first inaugurated
here, and that the women of Fredericksburg have the proud
distinction of being the first organized association which
observed the custom. Since that time the custom has been
religiously and patriotically adhered to, and at present its
popularity is not waning.
In our cemetery, where we have erected a monument to
"The Confederate Dead," there are buried many Confederate
soldiers whose remains were brought to and interred in it
from the battle fields of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville.
Salem Church, the Wilderness, the Bloody Angle, and Spottsyl-
vania Courthouse, all of whom were killed in battle.
In 1892 our Association was reorganized and a new char-
ter obtained from the legislature, with the number of members
limited to twenty. We have found that under the present char-
ter the work of the Association is more easily and smoothly
accomplished.
Since the reorganization of this Association, in 1892, we
have recorded the deaths of the following-named members :
Mrs. L. O. McGrath, Mrs. Lucilla Bradley, Mrs. Josiah
Hazard, Mrs. William S. Barton. Mrs. M. M. Lewis, Mrs. J.
H. Lacy, Miss Virginia Knox, Miss Nora Goolrick, Mrs.
Maria K. Daniel, Mrs. Ann F. T. Fitzhugh, Mrs. C. Ellen
Ford, Mrs. S. W. Carmichael, Mrs. Leslie T. Kearsley. Mrs.
J. N. Barney, Mrs. Margaret Alexander, Miss Ellen P. Chew.
Up to the time of her death Mrs. Nannie Seddon Barney
was the able and faithful Secretary of this Association, and
her crowning work for it was in personally undertaking to
raise money for marble markers for the graves of the soldiers
buried here. This was successfully carried out by her without
asking assistance from the Association.
The Ladies' Memorial Association of Fredericksburg is imw
a self-sustaining body. The revenue received we owe to the
laborious efforts of our predecessors. To keep alive the spirit
of Memorial Day is the earnest desire of their successors.
We have an annual meeting and, if necessary, called ones
during the year. A committee of two ladies, Mrs. Charles
Wallace and Mrs. Ferdinand Hart, is in charge of the Con-
federate Cemetery and sees that things are kept in proper
order. The observance of Memorial Day is quite a ceremony
with us. The ladies of the Association go in carriages, pre-
ceded by a band. The military company and various orders,
Veterans and Sons of Veterans, long lines of children and
grown people, the girls in white with red sashes, the boys with
badges, march with us, and a program of music, prayer, and
speaking is carried out around the monument to the unknown
dead, taps are sounded, and then with loving reverence the
graves are strewn with flowers, and on each one is placed a
small Confederate flag. We turn our faces homeward with sad
memories for some, but thankful that we are implanting in the
Qotyfederat^ l/eterap.
473
hearts and minds of our children an imperishable love and
reverence for the valiant deeds of their gallant ancestors and
an enduring love of our glorious South.
MY SOUTHLAND!
BY CLARA HUMPHREY CROWDER.
My Southland ! My Southland !
With your beauty and your pride.
Your flowered plains and chanceled woods,
Your fields where heroes died,
Your strains of warbling songsters
And winds of murmuring songs,
Lift wearied eyes of sadness
Beyond all shadowed wrongs.
Full to the brim your chalice
Was drained of bitter tears;
Round these wounds of other days
Time draws a cloak of years.
My Southland ! My Southland !
So fair, so brave, so true,
A rose from nature's garden,
A ■star from heaven's blue;
No shame can touch your birthright,
And death is not your wage.
For honor is your crest and shield
And truth your heritage;
And in a glorious future,
Though a land of memories now,
You'll wear a crown of laurels,
Not cypress, on your brow.
My Southland ! My Southland !
Your tears of yesterday
Have turned to pearls of splendor
That gemmed the crucial way.
For every lash inflicted
Has turned to tongues of flame
That roused the mind of justice
To praise instead of blame,
And in the dawn of newer thought
And truth's owii victory
Is born a greater triumph —
A nation's destiny.
MRS. L. T. DICKIXSOX.
Within the shadow of the memorial gateway which leads to
the hallowed confines of the Confederate Cemetery at Chatta-
nooga, Tenn., now rests the beloved wife of Capt, 1 1 . Dick-
inson, his devoted companion for nearly fifty years After
many weeks of suffering, her bright spirit passed from earth
on July 31, and all that was mortal was laid away among the
revered dead of the Confederacy, as has been her oft-repeated
request, with them to await the awakening to life eternal.
As Miss Nannie Tidball, of Winchester, Va., a daughter
of Scott Tidball, Mrs. Dickinson was one of the belles of the
Old Dominion. Her maternal grandfather was Dr. Hill, an
eminent Presbyterian divine of that State. Losing her parents
when quite young, she was reared in the home of her uncle,
Nathan White, at Charles Town (now W. Va.), and as a
young lady the comely and gracious Miss Tidball was the
toast of the countrv around Charles Town in the late fifties
and early sixties. She was in the midst of the turmoil that
followed the radical activities of the fanatical abolitionist
John Brown, and later, when the strife between the States
was on, she shared in the trials and sorrows that followed in
its wake. She was married to Capt. L. T. Dickinson on Oc-
tober 15, 1867, at the home of her uncle, General Thruston,
at Cumberland, Md., the birthplace of Captain Dickinson.
I hey had made their home in Chattanooga for the past thirty-
five years, and both were ever foremost in the activities of the
unity. To them were born a son and daughter, the son
now a prominent citizen of Newport. Tenn., and the daugh-
ter, Mrs. Collingwood Tucker, of Keokuk, la., widely known
for her folk songs. After the marriage and departure of the
son and daughter, some twenty years ago, a young orphan
girl was brought into the home to share the mother love and
care.
Mrs. Dickinson was a charter member of the original Con-
federate Memorial Association of Chattanooga, an active
member of the Daughters of the Confederacy, and always an
interested >r her Church and city. She was espe-
cially fond of flowers, and for her they throve and blossomed
1^ if in responsive love. Sin- was an expert with the needle,
taking the prize at the Chicago Exposition for crocheted table
cover, again at the Tennessee Centennial at Nashville for
embroidered centerpiece, and again at the Cotton Exposition
at Atlanta. Ga.. for embroidery.
N. B. Forrest Camp, IT. C. V.. of Chattanooga, of which
Captain Dickinson has been Adjutant for many years, passed
resolutions of sympathy and attended the funeral in a body.
Grave of Mrs. Dickinson in Confederate Cemetery at Chat-
tanooga. Captain Dickinson is standing by the arch of the
memorial gateway, which he designed.
474
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
30N8 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized iv July, iSq6, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Adjut&nl in Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
SONS IN UNIFORM FOR REUNION.
BY CLARENCE J. OWENS, FIRST ASSISTANT ADJUTANT IN CHIEF.
The Central Committee has established headquarters in Suite
300, Southern Building, Washington, D. C, and active, ag-
gressive steps are being taken in preparation for the next Re-
union Convention of the Sons of Veterans. The Sons' head-
quarters are also cooperating in the development of the plans
for the Confederate Reunion. An appeal has been issued to
all Camps of the Confederation by the First Assistant Adjutant
in Chief urging the Camps to purchase uniforms prior to the
Washington Reunion, in order that the Sons of Veterans may
make a notable showing when assembled in convention and
also in the parade, which will be the most brilliant partici-
pated in by Confederate Veterans and their Sons since the
war.
For the first time the Veterans and their Sons will march
down Pennsylvania Avenue and be reviewed by the President
of the United States. It is expected that the Camps will re-
spond cordially to this call and will take immediate steps for
the purchase of uniforms. Commander Dozier, of Birming-
ham, has already given assurance that one hundred Sons from
Birmingham will come to Washington in uniform. John L.
Moulton, of Alabama, is cooperating in securing a large num-
ber from his own Camp and from other Camps in the State
to do likewise. Judge Edgar Scurry, of Texas, has taken
immediate charge of the campaign in that State to have the
Sons of Veterans uniformed. The Camp at Fredericksburg,
Va., is already uniformed. Fifty members of the Fredericks-
burg Camp in uniform participated in the preparedness parade
in Washington on June 14. Without difficulty several thou-
sand Sons should be uniformed for the Washington Reunion.
THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR BETWEEN
THE STATES.
BY LLOYD T. EVERETT, BALLST0N, VA.
[Awarded first prize for best essay on this subject in t lie
Latham Prize Contest, which was inaugurated by the Sons of
Confederate Veterans in 1915 through the generosity of Mrs.
T. J. Latham, of Memphis, Tenn.]
When the smoke of the American Revolution lifted, it dis-
covered to the world a straggling line of thirteen petty re-
publics fringing for a thousand miles and more the western
shore of the Atlantic. Only comparatively homogeneous in
blood, these stripling commonwealths were varied in latitude
and diversified in temperament, tendencies, and material in-
terests. But recently brought together in one common con-
test against a common oppressor across the seas, harmony
dwindled and discord grew between them in proportion as the
late joint struggle for independence receded into the past.
Grouped, regrouped, and countergrouped into large and small
States, free labor and slave labor States, planter and sea-
trading States, States with wide stretches of Western hinter-
land and States without, the baker's dozen of mutually jealous
little Minervas eyed each other furtively from the very start.
Even during the war for independence little Maryland held
up the Articles of Confederation from unanimous adoption
and actual operation until assured of a satisfactory disposi-
tion of the vast Western land grants held by Virginia and
others of the large States. It appears that as early as 1786
many in the North and East favored an agreement with Spain
for closing the Mississippi as a trade outlet for the scattered
but growing settlements beyond the mountains. New Eng-
land particularly (herself cut off from Western expansion by
her geographical position) was found ever hostile to Southern
and Western extensions. Bear this fact well in mind in trac-
ing the later course of what came to be the great inter-
sectional controversy. Again, many and significant evidences
of jealousy between various States or groups of States and
between the two great sections of South and North are
found in the debates of the general and State conventions
that framed and that adopted the Federal Constitution of
1787-89. No wonder that Washington in his farewell address
considered the new Constitution and his "confederated re-
public" thereunder as an "experiment."
One of the "compromises of the Constitution" resulted from
a "deal" between certain States of sea-trading, slave-trans-
porting New England and some of the Southern States by
which the proposed provision requiring a two-thirds vote in
Congress in matters regulating commerce (including sea car-
riage) was defeated, and the importation of slaves from Afri-
ca should not be abolished before the year 1808.
There was pronounced opposition in New England to the
purchase of the great Louisiana territory by Jefferson's ad-
ministration in 1803. Like opposition from the same quarter
developed some eight years later to the admission of the
southernmost portion of this Louisiana country as the State
of Louisiana, and Representative Josiah Quincy, of Massa-
chusetts, uttered from the floor of Congress his famous threat
of secession by "some" of the States, "amicably if they can,
violently if they must."
The War of 1812 gave occasion for yet further expressions
of disaffection up New England way. The Federalist party,
with its stronghold there, had become hopelessly ousted from
power by the Democrats, led by Jefferson and other Southern
men. Moreover, the trade restrictions resulting from the war
and other policies of the Democrats bore hard upon New
England's sea-carrying interests, although Mr. Wilson re-
marks in his "History of the American People" that the
planters of the South were even harder hit. In the midst of
this war the memorable Hartford Convention of New Eng-
enders was held as an angry protest against the war and the
administration. This convention squinted toward secession,
and about the same time Daniel Webster on the floor of the
House of Representatives, speaking in opposition to one of
the war measures, threatened disunion in no uncertain tones.
A few years after the war the question of Western expan-
sion was again up. This was in 1819-21, when "the Missouri
questions" shook the country from end to end. New England
and the North generally opposed the admission of this new
Southern and Western State. For the first time slavery as a
distinctly sectional issue came to the fore. If the West must
be settled after all, the North and the Northeast were deter-
mined to keep as much of it as possible for themselves and
for white labor as against the South and black labor. The
dispute raged long and hot, involving many legislative pro-
posals and party maneuvers.
It is very commonly supposed that the slave-labor State
of Missouri and the free-labor State of Maine were together
admitted under the "Missouri Compromise," by which Mis-
souri was allowed to come in with slavery; but no more slave-
Qo^federat^ l/eterai}.
475
labor States were to be admitted from the Louisiana Purchase
north of latitude thirty-six degrees, thirty minutes. This is
not correct. Under such a proposal Maine was admitted ; but
Northern members afterwards voted against the admission of
Missouri with slavery, and her admission was delayed another
year. (See the history of this most informingly discussed
in A. H. Stephens's "History of the United States.")
The aged Jefferson, himself an abolitionist from principle,
decried this injection of politico-moral questions into inter-
sectional politics, lie said it smote upon his cars "like a fire
bell in the night" and could mean only bloodshed and dis-
union. Jefferson pointed out that true friends of the negroes
should be glad to see them diffused over a larger stretch of
country. That this "antislavcry" stand of the North in Con-
gress was economic and political, not moral and philanthropic.
is manifest from a study of the laws of those times in North-
ern and Northwestern States aimed against free negroes there,
For a few years after the admission of Missouri the ques-
tion of Western expansion as a sectional issue slept, then
broke forth again at the time of the nullification crisis. 1830-
33. Senator Foot, of Connecticut, had introduced a resolu-
tion looking to the restriction of the survey and sale of West-
ern lands. The South and the West attacked it as designed
to retard the development of the West and to keep the factory
laborers of the North from emigrating. Too, the moneyed
interests (centered in the North ) were accused of wishing to
maintain a permanent, interest-bearing national debt. Manu-
factures had received a great impetus during the trade trou-
bles accompanying the second war with Rritain, and "pro-
tective" tariffs had been demanded by and conceded to the
manufacturers. These were mostly in the middle States, but
by 1830 were quite numerous in New England also.
By her determined stand in the nullification crisis South
Carolina, reen forced by widespread sympathy in other South-
ern States, forced a radical reduction in the tariffs under the
famous compromise of 1833. She thereby incurred the last-
ing enmity of New England and of much of the North gen-
erally. Up to this date the abolitionist crusade had made no
great headway in the North, least of all in New England.
But it was in the midst of these nullification debates in Con-
gress that John Quincy Adams uttered the significant threat
that if "protection" of manufacturers was not to be given to
the North, then the South ought not to expect continued pro-
tection of negro slavery. It was from this very juncture that
abolitionism and "free-soilism" began to make marked growth
throughout the North. Except for a brief period in the early
forties, a low or lowered tariff prevailed from nullification
until the war of 1861.
In the nullification debates we find the agricultural South
and West, for the most part, standing together against the
common hostility of the mercantile North and East. But a
change soon took place. The North found that the West was
bound to grow, anyhow. Largely increased immigration from
Europe began about this time to pour into Northern ports
and to furnish the needed cheap labor for Northern mills :
the West was steadily beguiled with the prospect of vast
"internal improvements" (roads, aids to navigation, etc.), at
the expense of the Federal treasury. These improvements
called for large revenue and so lent added plausibility to the
demand for a high tariff on imports. Thus long before 1861
the Northeast and the Northwest became allied against the
South. But few Europeans came into the South, where the
immigrant laborers would find themselves in competition with
slave labor. Thus the North's population grew faster than
the South's. Also these Continental Europeans were imbued
with the ideas of strong monarchical, centralistic governments,
and so were the more ready to embark upon a war of in-
vasion and conquest ( when the issue with the South should
once be finally drawn) and thus help overwhelm the minority,
though a considerable one, in the North opposed to any such
repudiation of the principles of our Declaration of Independ-
ence and our historical, constitutional rights. Lincoln in his
war of coercion derived much aid and comfort from the Ger-
man immigrants with their ideals of blood and iron.
Meanwhile many in the North had opposed the annexation
ol rexas, also that of other Southwestern territory, resulting
from the war with Mexico. The Kansas-Nebraska contro-
versy gave rise to the Republican party in the fifties, which
demanded that the South keep out of the common territories
which had been acquired bj the common blood and treasure of
the South and North alike. Horace Greeley, one of the Re-
publican leaders, was slow to be drawn into the professed anti-
slavery agitation, because, as he himself said in [845, he found
too much slavery in the North, In the factor) districts there
the women and children toiled thirteen and fourteen hours a
day, and the factory hands dwelt in the company's houses and
worshiped God at the company's church.
The new party in its first national platform (1856) did not
declare for a high or "protective" tariff. It polled a good
vote that year and, thereby encouraged, declared for such a
tariff in i860, thus appealing to both the land-hungry of the
West and the bounty-hungry of the East. Meanwhile the
John Brown raid into Virginia, seeking to incite the negroes
to war with the Southern whites, had occurred in 1850, and
widespread sympathy with and for him was expressed in the
North, a sympathy doubtless fanned by Harriet Beecher
Stowe's stirring novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin." of this period.
The Democrats and tin- Constitutionalist-Union men split into
three tickets in i860, thus allowing the Republicans to elect
their candidate by a majority of the electoral votes, though
by a minority of nearly a million of the popular vote.
Most of the Southern States then withdrew, and the war
of coercion followed A high tariff was promptly enacted
as a "war measure" to raise revenue for waging war on the
South, which was to be retained in the Union inter alia to
furnish cheap raw materials for Northern manufacturers and
perhaps an outlet for the Northwest via the Mississippi. This
tariff was repeatedly increased during the four years of war.
Yet, despite this need of revenue, the free homestead act of
1862 was passed, thus materially reducing the income from
the disposal of the new lands of the West. And with it all
a huge public debt was piled up.
Some one has aptly remarked that the Northern writers
have been too prone to ascribe moral causes to the great war
of the sixties and Southern writers too much inclined to lay
it to a difference of view of constitutional rights; that, in
truth, the causes were primarily economic. Commercial and
economic questions have caused most of the great wars of
history, and human nature is the same in America as else-
where. In his farewell address Washington warned against
belief in disinterested kindness in national conduct; Mr. Taft
has spoken to like effect. Tariff. Western lands, immigra-
tion, the desire in certain selfishly interested quarters for a
big permanent public debt — all these had more to do with
our great war than the historians have usually told us.
4/6
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
TRUTH STRANGER THAN FICTION.
BY TAMES A. STEVENS, BURNET, TEX.
Joseph H. and John A. Stevens were among the first to re-
spond to the call to arms for the South, enlisting in the spring
or summer of 1861 with Company K, 14th Mississippi In-
fantry. This company was first organized in the year 1837
and did honorable service in the Mexican War, being a part
of the 1st Mississippi, Col. Jefferson Davis commander. It
still keeps up the organization, although the original mem-
bers are long since dead. It came into existence at Columbus,
Miss. So great were the discipline and intelligence of the com-
pany that for several months after the clash of arms began
it was detailed as guard on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad
between Mobile and Corinth ; was afterwards a participant
with the regiment in the Bowling Green campaign under
Albert Sydney Johnston; was captured at Fort Donelson and
in prison some six months at Camp Douglas, Chicago. It
next served in North Mississippi, East Tennessee, Georgia,
and on to the end at Bentonville, N. C.
This article is written to relate two incidents that hap-
pened to the Stevens brothers. During a fight (I think it
was at Waterford, Miss.) Joseph H. Stevens shot from his
horse a Federal major and thought for many years after the
war that he had "killed his man." One day during the
seventies or eighties, while he was serving as circuit clerk
for Lowndes County, Miss., a stranger from a Northern State
called at the office to have some legal papers drawn up, and
when the business had been transacted the conversation nat-
urally drifted to the late war. Upon comparing notes it
turned out that the visitor did service in a Federal regiment
in North Mississippi and was in the fight above mentioned.
He proved to be. the officer whom my brother thought he had
killed. The narrative of both so perfectly fitted that they re-
joiced that the shot had not been fatal, and they promptly
"shook hands across the once bloody chasm." Gen. John B.
Gordon's book, "Reminiscences of the Civil War," relates an
incident very similar to the above.
The other brother, John A., and the writer of this became
prohibitionists before the war began and when about to join
different commands signed a paper that neither would drink
anything stronger than water or coffee while in the service.
It turned out that, though we generally had plenty of water
except at times on a forced march, coffee was scarcer than
ham most of the time toward the last. One day during that
terrible Georgia campaign my brother wrote me that after
several weeks of fighting, marching, exposure, and starvation,
his command had by some means drawn a "ration" of whisky,
and he was so nearly dead that he violated his pledge and
drank his liquor. In his letter he asked me if he had done
right. My reply was: "Yes, but don't you do it any more."
Soon after this the poor boy, then about nineteen years of
age, was shot down in the trenches at Atlanta, a Minie ball
tearing out one of his eyes. It was the first time he had ever
been off duty, and as he fell bleeding he said: "Boys, I've got
a furlough at last." The regimental surgeon was sent for
and upon examining the wound said : "John, you must take
some whisky." "I'm not going to do it, doctor." The doc*or
then said: "Well, if you don't, you'll die." The boy calmly
answered : "Let me die then ; I'm not going to take any
liquor." And he didn't. Although gangrene afterwards got
into the eye and the other went blind for a little while from
what the Macon hospital surgeons called "sympathy," the boy
pulled through by the skin of his teeth and lived till the year
1909. Twenty years after the war he was paralyzed in the
jaw from the effects of the old wound, but recovered ap-
parently from that visitation.
IN MEMORY OF A FAITHFUL SERVANT.
After the War between the States, Easter Partee, a young
negro girl, remained loyal to her "Old Master" and "Old
Miss" and during the rest of her life maintained this loyalty
and devotion to the white people, whom she always claimed
as her friends. She married and became Easter Brownlee.
MAMMY EASTER AND ONE OF HER BABIES.
When widowed and having no children of her own, her big
motherly heart embraced the little white babies placed in her
care with all the love that only a real Southern "mammy"
could give them. She was nurse in the Houston families of
Aberdeen, Miss., before going to Memphis, Tenn., where she
entered the family of Mr. Sam Pepper and nursed his four
children until the oldest child married ; then mammy went
with her to care for the "grandbabies." She was an inter-
ested and constant reader of the Veteran, her name being
on its subscription list, and eagerly each month she looked
forward to its coming in her mail. "In God we trust" was
a favorite motto with her and the real keynote to her life,
for she lived in true Christian spirit, giving unselfishly of
her time and money to those less fortunate and never too
busy to help those who called upon her for aid. On May 2,
1916, this noble woman died at the home of Mrs. Hugh B.
Speed, in Chicago, who had been her first charge of the
Pepper children, and she brought mammy back to Memphis
that she might rest in that Southland which had always been
so dear to her heart.
It is lives like mammy's which make this world a better
place, and the sun is setting on these lives in a rosy hue, leav-
ing a sweet memory to cheer those who grieve their loss.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
477
SEMIANNUAL STATEMENT OF THE VETERAN.
The Confederate Veteran, incorporated as a company under
the title of Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, is the prop-
erty of the Confederate organizations of the South — the Unit-
ed Confederate Veterans, the United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy, the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and
the Sons of Confederate Veterans. It is published monthly at
Nashville. Tenn. No bonds nor mortgages are issued by the
company.
One of the Unknown. — During the winter of 1S04-65 a
Confederate soldier was killed about one mile south of Taze-
well, Tenn., when a scouting party ran up on the Federal
pickets in the night, and he was buried by women the next day.
We expect to move his remains to the Confederate Square in
the Irish cemetery here. Can any one give us his name? I
think Maj. George Day, of the 12th Tennessee Battalion, was
in command; and I know the party was composed of details
from Carter's 1st Tennessee Cavalry, Ashby's 2d, and Vaughn's
Brigade, as I saw them on their return to Morristown, where
we were camped. Address Thomas G. Fulkerson, New Taze-
well, Tenn.
Errors Typographical. — Lloyd T. Everett asks correction of
the errors in his article appearing in the Veteran for Septem-
ber (page 426) by which he is made to say, "a natural wall of
water three miles across," whereas he stated "three thousand
miles" — that is, the width of the Atlantic Ocean between
America and Europe. Also where he referred to "beneficial"
society or societies it was published "beneficiary."
PENSION INCREASE.
A law recently enacted increases pensions of widows of
Mexican and Civil War Union veterans to twenty dollars per
month at seventy years or over. For particulars address Perry
M. de Leon. Claims Attorney, The Toronto, Washington, D. C.
AL. G. FIELD'S GREATER MINSTRELS.
Al. G. Field is known throughout the South as a leader in
the art of minstrelsy. For over thirty years he has been
making good his promises for something "bigger and better"
each season, and that prepared for the season of 1916-17
measures up to the standard of the "Field Brand." Such a
range of entertainment as is compressed within one per-
formance is seldom encountered. The first part of this pro-
duction depicts "Minstrelsy Past and Present" and gives op-
portunity for some picturesque settings, showing the develop-
ment of minstrelsy from plantation life in Dixie's Land and
concluding with a ".Modern Minstrel Cabaret." which is an
assembly of the possibilities of minstrelsy to-day. "Christmas
Eve at Home" is a big spectacular part based on a folklore
by Mr. Field himself, in which are blended quaintness.
sentiment, comedy, song, and dance, with scenic effects which
appeal to the oldest and youngest. An American travesty,
"The Battli me; or. Ch
Villa," produces a wealth .if fun over our game of ba
the situation in Mexico, and other topical matters. The grand
finale is a rousing military spectacle on "Peace through Pre-
paredness." in which the scene is thrown into high relief by
myriads of red. white, and blue lights, while hundreds of
American flags are unfurled, and patriotic songs are sung bj
the immense chorus, epitomizing the heart and spirit of
America.
In the list of comedians, singers, and dancers are old favor-
it. 5 who have held the stage as star performers for many
years, while a number of new artists make a strong appeal
in these lines. Such an aggregation of fun makers forces
old care to take a back seat. Don't fail to see them. Routing
is shown on first advertising page of this number.
J. P. Murray, Route 3, Box 04. Lebanon, Tenn.. wants to
communicate with some one who knew E. 11. ("Hans") Wert-
son during the war. His record is wanted in order to secure
a pension for his wife.
SECRETARIES WANTED
Bontheni Indies of education nnd refine-
ment t<> travel a* t\>-\\\
cretarie
for
Blrmlnghari
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin :: :: :: ::
-Vo. 2270.
Cold-Plated SO. 25
Rolled Cold .60
Solid Gold 1.00
Solid Gold, Heavy Weight 2.0O
l4 Kit Gold, Heavy Weight 3.00
POSTPAID
Special prices en hall dozen or more. Illustrated
price ll«l of Flag* and Confederate Novelties sent
on requeat.
Catalogue* of Medela, Class Pins, Rings, Tro-
phies, Loving Cups, and Banners now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPAGE
1331 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.
Visit our Cnmp Boom when >» ITu^ jnplon
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical Circle"
Must. i><> energetic mkI over 26 years old.
Excellent opening;. Applj )■•
J. STANDISH CLARK, Business Manager
1824 Jefferson Bank Building
Folio of Southern Melodies
PRICE, SIXTY CENT'S
The Courier Boy's Dream on the Mountain, 1863
Passing Down the Line
March and twthetep
I Am Going Back to Old Kentucky, Where I Was Born
Last, but Try It — Love the Lover
Little "thinklete '
Following the hand prints of Will S. Hays and Stephen Collins Foster in
the Blue- Crass State, the "Courier Boy" asks for recognition
Published by
W. C. F»iattt Courier Boy
C. L. BEACH, Manager 1021 Wells Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
4/8
Qoqfederat^ i/eterar>«
Scientific IVIarinello Shop
173 Eighth Ave., N., NASHVILLE, TENN.
ELECTROL YTIC-Facial Massage
INSTANTANEOUS BLEACH — For Sun,
Tan, and Freckles
ASTRINGENT MASK — Large Pores and
Oily Skin
WRINKLE TREATMENT
ACNE TREATMENT— For Pimples and
Blackheads
ELECTROLYSIS -Warts and Moles Re-
moved
HOT OIL AND PRISMA TIC RA Y FOR
SCALP
HAIR DRESSING
SHAMPOOINC
MANICURING
EXPERT CHIROPODIST
Telephone Appointments MRS. KATHERYN De HART Phone M. 1275
QUALITY FLOURS
ILa®imte m MMM®
THE BEST FOR CAKES, BISCUIT, AND PASTRY
Liberty Mills Nashville, Tenn.
H
M. D. SULLIVAN
J. E. SULLIVAN
East Side Plumbing €©♦
PLUMBING and HEATING
29 Bridge Ave., Nashville, Tenn.
TELEPHONE MAIN 2525
Low Prices
Prompt Service
WOODLAND DRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
.StS. BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merri^s^
Furnished Upon INSCRIPTION TABLETS "ewburyport
Request Bogaa^^^i^^^^^^^ Mass.
Northern Serum Company
PRODUCERS OF
Anti-Hog Cholera Serum and Virus
Under Supervision of the U. S. Govern-
ment. U. S. Veterinary License No. 29.
OFFICE, ROOM 7 STAHLMAN BUILDING
Nashville, Tenn.
GOOD
P
| if you take the Draughon Training, the
training that bu&iness men indorse. Yoa
can take it at college or hy mail Write tn-day
PKALGHON'S PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGE
Box 38, Nashville, Tenn.
OSITION
Secured or Your Money Back
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. (Bull Run, and oth-
er famous battle fields in the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL, Passenger Traffic Manager.
Roanoke, Va.
//CONFEDERATEX
FLAGS
Printed muslin, wool
bunting, to finest
silk. For decora-
tion or parade. All
prices.
Pettibone also makes
a complete line of
Banners, Badges, and
Buttons. Send for
Catalog 672.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI, OHIO
"V America's Great Regalia House /
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
BY MRS. S
E. F. ROSE
The hook VHPyMI
iMHHW Educa-
needed I - *"
Wf tors, and
in every T
fk\^t\^s\w Conleder-
home ; con
jar ate organi-
tains authen- BUS
KMf 2 a t ions.
tic historv. «H
ay Price. ob' cts..
splendidly il- 1m
Vm postpaid. Ur-
Instrated. I)ho- ■P
V der a ropy to-
tographs of Gen wf
'W day from the
N. B. Forresl. V
J
Grand Wizard of %>
the Klan, and oth- ■
er prominent mem- ■
W Mrs. S. E.F.Rose
bers. Endorsed by 1
J WEST POINT
leading Historians, '
f MISSISSIPPI
Confederate tfeteran.
479
*fc
AH Caases. Head Noises and Other Eg
roeblea Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who wen
formerly deaf, now h ear
distinctly every sound—
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life of
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired 01
lacking portions of theii
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi
cally constructed foi
l that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
often called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
*re restoring perfect hearing in every condition ol
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums
Discharge f rum Earsr etc. No matter what the casi
or how long standing it is, test imonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
{mint of the natural drums, thus
•uccessfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
i soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
ere easily adjusted bv the wearer
end out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
■Ihousandsof others will helpyou.
Don't delay. Write today for Drum w
our FREE 158 paRe Book nn Deaf, in Position
•ess— giving voufull pan xulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
116 Inter-Southern Bldg. LOUISVILLE, KV
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class hy itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send fur free book of information*
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Term.
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our e*t>cn> nrr of 2 >ea-
u out t jar ntte ol re: i!t .
Paul E. Cabaret & Co
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
CONFEDERATE MONEY
And Autograph LattCtV of Hunt cr. Reagan. Want,
etc, for saliv Old Mils of all kinds bought and
•old I buy early signed old check*.
A. A. LEVE. P. 0. BOX 495 A. SYRACUSE, N. Y.
Facts about
PRINTING
*31 1 o obtain efficiency in the re-
sult, whether it be in the Station
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho-
graphing, the Blank Books, or
whatever task the printer may be
called upon to perform, you must
demand the best— HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING, This we are pre
pared to produce by virtue of ex-
perience, artisans employed, and
equipment, t| We give thought to
our productions. Write to us. We
will be able to carry out your ideas or
possibly to suggest something new.
BRANDON PRINTING CO.
Nashville, - - Tenn. j
Hite Home Sanitarium
Morphine, Other Drug, Whiskey and Tobacco Addictions,
Permanently Cured. Our Patients Are Not Incapacitated
in the Least. Eat Three Meals per Day, Up All the Time,
and Sleep Every Night. We Ask Anyone Interested to In-
vestigate Before Going Elsewhere. Write, or Phone Wal-
nut 230, Dr. J. A. D. Hite, Medical Director.
947 and 949 Russell St., Nashville, Tenn.
Commander Lee McMillan, B. F. Lid-
dell Camp, U. C. V., Carrollton, Miss., is
trying to secure a pension for the wife
of John Middleton Lindsay, of Company
D, jcili Alabama Infantry Regiment, and
would like to hear from some surviving
comrade who can testify to his service.
Mrs. F. S. Gregory, of Madison, I'la.,
wishes i" secure the record of her hus-
band in order to get a pension. Ferdi-
nand Sinn- Gregory enlisted August I,
1863, as a private in the Georgia State
Troops (Collier's Guards) and was
mustered out February i, 1864. He re-
enlisted April 26, 1864, in Company A.
2d Regiment Georgia Reserves, and "ii
February 28, 1865, was reported as sick
in a hospital in Augusta, Ga.
Don't Wear a Truss
Drooe
■*-* the modern i
tiii'' Invention, the
wonderful new dlsoorery
tii.ii i. Uevea rupture, will
on trial No ob-
springs or pads.
I Air l ush-
; Binds and draws the
parts together as
limb.
V> In- I»ur-
able, cheap. Sent on trial
to prove it. Protected by
r S patents Catalogue
ami measure blanks n
free. Send name and ad-
dress to-day.
C. E. Brooks, 239 State St., Marshall, Mich.
Mrs. Martha Hasty, Route 3, Antioch,
Tenn., would like to hear from any one
belonging to Company B, 16th Tennessee
Regiment. She wants proof of the serv-
ice of James P. Hasty.
Qopfederat:^ l/eterap.
THE
Immortal Six Hundred
A Story Illustrating the Treatment of
Confederate Prisoners of War
Bp MAJ. J. OGDEN MURRAY
(ONE OF THEM)
THIS History of the Six Hundred Confederate Officers con-
fined on Morris Island, in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina,
was "Written for the purpose of preserving the record of this
gallant band and to give to the world a true history of the cruelty
inflicted upon helpless prisoners of war by the Federal government
without shadow of excuse. The placing of these prisoners under fire
from their own guns was the climax of such inhuman treatment.
The book is handsomely bound in cloth, profusely illustrated, and
gives a list of those ' immortal names that were not born to die."
Originally sold at $1.50, postpaid; offered for
the month of October at half price — 75 cents.
With a year's subscription to the VETERAN, only
$1.50. Order early; the supply is limited.
ADDRESS I
Qy
THE CCu^OERATE VETERAN
Nashville, Tennessee
V.1-
./**
******
j
i
MRS. CORDELIA POWELL CDENHEIMEE, PRESIDENT GENERAL
Twenty-Third Annual Convention U. D. C, Dallas, Tex., November 8-12, 1916
4&
Qoofederaf % Ueterap.
OLD-TIME
HOMEMADE
ELIE SHEETS
Martha Washington Candies
MADE FRESH DAILY
Delivered to all parts of Nashville
FACTORY and STORE
331 UNION STREET
PHONE MAIN 5251 NASHVILLE, TENN.
Scientific IMarinello Shop
173 Eighth Ave., N., NASHVILLE, TENN.
ELECTROL YTIC-Facial Massage
INSTANTANEOUS BLEACH — For San,
Tan, and Freckles
ASTRINGENT MASK — Large Pores and
Oily Shin
WRINKLE TREATMENT
ACNE TREATMENT— For Pimples and
Blackheads
ELECTROLYSIS — Warts and Moles Re-
moved
HOT OIL AND PRISMA TIC RA Y FOR
SCALP
HAIR DRESSING
SHAMPOOINC
MANICURING
EXPERT CHIROPODIST
Telephone Appointments MRS. KATHERYN De HART Phone M. 1275
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. yuit
I lie Old South. ( Poem.) By Anne Bachman Hyde 483
Tributes to Gen. Basil Duke 483. 4&5
The Shining Ones. ( Poem.) By .Mary H. S. Kimbrough 485
N'orthern Conscience ;ind the War. By James II. McNeilly, D.D 486
Battle of Oak Hills, Mo. By George Milton 487
The House of the Long Ago. (Poem.) By Mary Johnson Posey 488
The Confederate Homes of Texas. Hy J. 0. Bradfield 489
Stonewall Jackson in West Virginia. By J. Hop Woods 490
The Hidden Way to Dixie. By Charles Hallock 494
"Mr. Commissary Banks." By John G. Stiles 496
Influence of the South in the Formation of Our Government. By J. R. Gibbons. 497
The Sumter Runs the Mississippi Blockade. From Semmes's "Service Afloat." 502
The Telegraph in Warfare 506
Within the Enemy's Lines. By L. A. Wailes, M.D 508
Living and Dying. (Poem.) By Maj. George McKnight 508
Indian Tribes in the Confederacy. By R. B. Coleman 509
Capt. Sallie Tompkins 52 1
Kentucky Confederates in Reunion. By Thomas D. Osborne 324
A Double Golden Wedding 524
Departments : Last Roll 510
U. D. C 516
C. S. M. A 520
S. C. V 522
Soy/one—
Le Hearing Aid Superieur
Are your ears disabled — is your hear-
ing defective? Take heed before it
is too late! The time to save your
hearing is NOW. Are you practically
deaf already? Have hope! Unless
you were born deaf, there is every
chance that you can hear again with
the remarkable La Petite. It ha j 1 t
arrived, this greatest achievement "f
one of the world's foremost research
laboratories, — years ahead of any oth-
er invention for the
DEAF
Now offered, with ten days' free trial privilege.
for ONE-HALF the price a^Ked for the most wide-
ly advertised ear phones and other old-style aids
to healing. All we ask is that you show It to
your friends. If you wish to become our repre-
sentative you can make money easily by taking
orders for t Ills new marvel. No matter how long
you have been disabled — no matter what caused
your deafness — no matter how often you hare been
disappointed In jour search for help or im-v man]
other hearing devices have failed to overcome or
relieve your affliction, you owe it to yourself, your
family, your friends to test this new wonder at
our risk. Remember, it costs you nothing to prove
for yourself that le sur prenant LA PETITE is
the ni'i t powerful and sensitive instrument ever
invented for the deaf.
FREE TRIAL-No Deposit
Not one penny to pay for ten days' trial free. No
deposit of any kind — no obligations whatsoever.
Do not be influenced bj what others say In prais-
ing le merveilleux LA PETITE. Consider nothing
but Its own actual proof of what it will do for
Ynr. Take advantage of this liberal no-deposit
trial offer. Send now. A postal will do, but
don't delay. This announcement may cot appeal
again.
FRANCO-AMERICAN LABORATORIE SCIENTIFIQUE
Room F3, 1330 Broadway, New York
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known means of
pumping' water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
litins automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Nashville, Teem,
P
GOOD
OSITION
Secured or Your Money Back
if you take the Draughon Training, the
training that business men indorse. You
can take it at college or >"/ mail. Write to-day
PBAl'GHOVS PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGE
Boi 88, Naslmlle, Tenn.
QDpfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter.
Date given to subscription is t lie month of explratii
All remittances should he made to the Conkkdkkatk Vi i i r w,
and all cotnmunicatioTis so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company, Nashville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLT REPRESENTS;
Uxi PBD C>m KDBRAT1 Vl rttS INS,
t'.Nii! D DAUGH ii RS OF TI1B CONFEDERACY,
Sons ok Veterans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memorial Association.
Though men deserve, ther mav not win. success;
The brave will honor Ihe brave, vanquished none the less.
Prick, $1.00 per Year. I
Single Copy, 10 Cents. S
Vol. XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN., NOVEMBER, 1916.
No. 11.
I S. A. CI NVINGHAM,
I l-'OUMiKK.
I HE OLD SOUTH.
BY ANNE BACH MAN HYDE.
For more than half :i century
Slic mourned her illustrious dead;
But vlie has risen from dust and ashes.
Anointing her beautiful head
She is proud of her old traditions
And is proud of her sons who fell.
Knowing an impartial historian
Their annals of glory will tell.
Like a dove with tarnished plumage,
Which long among the ruins had lain
( Bewailing her anguish and sorrow.
Enduring in secret her pain),
Feeling her banishment over,
No longer an outcast is seen,
But on pinions of silver she rises,
Dazzling the world with their sheen.
Her face to a morning is lifted
Which is free from darkness and rain;
She has passed through the valley and shadow
\nd into the sunlight again.
TRIBUTE TO Gl \ BASIL D\
BY COL, S. W. FORDYCE, ST. LOUIS, MO.
No one. South or North, could have Fell more keenly the
death of Gen. Basil Puke than the writer, and to me then
is no more fitting place to pay a last sad tribute of r<
and affection to the memory oi so brave a soldier and so
genuine a man in every relation of life.
It can be trutllfullj said of him, as it has been said of
others, thai he was thi verj soul of honor. We serve. 1 on
opposite sides in the War between the Slates, but in the same
n of the country, be in Morgan's Cavalry and I in the
cavalry of the Army of the Cumberland, firsl as an officer in
the Ohio cavalry and lasl as an assistant inspector general in
the 1 a\ all v cups of lb.it army.
I be record of achievements of Morgan's Cavalry is too
well known to be dwelt upon lure. We of the opposite Side
in the mam engagements and contests had together felt that
they were foemen worthy of our steel. The first thing that
commanded my admiration and respect for General Dm.
the fact that when the prisoners he had taken from us wen
exchanged and returned to their respective commands all of
them told me how considerate and well General Duke had
treated them. Many of them expressed the wish that if ever
I met the General, in peace Or war, I thank him in their be
half for his kindness to them.
It was not until more than twenty years ago that we met in
a common interest in Washington City. As we had
on opposite sides in the same section of the country, then
vere many things of interest to us both as to the whys aftd
wherefores of certain movements of our respective com-
mands. I found the General mosl agreeable, interesting, and
companionable, so much so that I introduced him to some of
my friends as "My old army friend and companion— a man
who gave me more trouble in war and more pleasure in peace
than any one I have known for the last twenty years."
We of the opposite side who knew him best in peace and
felt the hard blows he struck us in war wen his best friends
and greatest admirers, While no man made more sacrifices
or fought harder for the success of the Confederacy.
while sad to him was its downfall, yet be accepted the result
in the utmost good faith and was to his death as loyal and
patriotic a citizen as any man who fought for the preserva
tion of the Union.
1 sincerely hope that immediate steps will bi \ th<
Confederate Veteran ation to erect a suitabh monu
i 1 most respectfully , favor
that I be permitted to ioin in the expense necessary to hi
incurred.
I can truthfully say of him, as I once said in expressing m>
high regard and appreciation of General Forrest : "While tin
monument itself, if erected, as I have no doubt it will he. will
but feebly express the veneration felt by the living for the
lead, yet the memory of bis brave deeds and wonderful
achievements will be cherished always in the hearts of his
countrymen and will live in other lands and speak in other
ues and in other tim< s than ours."
"When comes the reveille, eternity
Shall strip the ragged cloak from blue and gray,
And face In face their naked deeds shall stand,
When conies the reveille."
4*4
C^opfederat^ l/eterar>9
Qor^federat^ l/eterarj.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
Its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
THE WHOLE STORY.
BY WALTER E. REID.
A rusty sword that hangs on the wall,
A faded coat of Confederate gray;
A woman who weeps in the dark, alone,
And a soldier's grave down Shiloh wav.
BOSTON, PAST AND PRESENT.
James Callaway, in the Macon Telegraph, quotes from a
letter written by Col. B. W. Hunt, of Eatonton, Ga., while in
Boston recently, in which he makes some pertinent comment
on conditions in Massachusetts in contrast to those in the
South. Colonel Hunt says :
"I wish the Georgia people could see and benefit by the
good carriage roads of this section. Here, where land is
more valuable ten times over than ours, I have just ridden
over the automobile roadway toward Plymouth, with a car-
riage roadway separated from ours by ornamental shrubbery
and still another way for men and women riding horses, this
too a public street, not a park.
"Trees line the public roads nearly all the way for fifty-odd
miles between Boston and Plymouth. Take an automobile
any way in Middle Georgia, and one finds the trees shading
the roadway girdled by the road gang or by the county
authorities killed to plant a few more hills of corn and cot-
ton. So long has the process gone on that the killing of the
trees is not noticed at all by the average traveler. That which
makes New England attractive to the traveler is grass every-
where, even under the shade of the trees. Their elms (Uhnus
americana) grew in better form than ours on every visit I
have heretofore made North ; but now they show disease and
decay, caused by ravages of the gypsy moth. As the chest-
nuts and the American elms die out in the Northern States,
our Southern oaks are left without rivals on the American
continent. Having these trees native to our land, to be had
for the transplanting, surely our great highways, like the
Dixie, should be planted free from any disease and adapted
to all conditions that our seasons impose.
"Well, we have visited Plymouth, where the second English
colony was permanently planted in 1620. A small rock is
fenced in with iron, covered with a canopy and engraved as
the landing rock. It may be. Wno knows? It is now large
enough to spread a dinner for four people ; and if I had been
consulted, I surely would have chosen one large enough for
the Mayflower passengers to all have gathered on with dry
feet. If they fell on their knees, as is reported, before fall-
ing on the aborigines, I would have selected a rock large
■enough to keep the knees of the worshipers dry. The Pilgrim
monument bears the inscription, 'Dedicated to religious lib-
erty.' This sounds queer to a descendant of Quaker ancestors,
■who barely escaped with their lives. Again, had I been con-
sulted, I would have added to the motto : 'Religious liberty to
all whose theology is precisely like unto ours, and to all others
persecution.'
'1 hey set an example on many things we could follow with
profit to our section. The battle fields lost to the British are
preserved, and the way of retreat marked out as Georgia
would do only where the field was won by Georgians. How
strange history is written ! Bunker Hill, that we have always
thought to have started the fighting between the colonies and
the mother country, turns out to be Breed's Hill, the rebel
officers fortifying and endeavoring to repulse the British from
the hill they supposed to be Bunker Hill, and so it goes
throughout the ages. The man who tells the best story of the
times writes the permanent, but not the correct, record of the
events of history. I would enjoy having you here that we
could in honest spirit discuss the virtues and laugh at the
other side of these people, who look at life from a different
angle than our point of view. Who is right ? * * * It is
good to see all sides of all questions and laugh out the objec-
tionable and not fight it out on State lines, as all Europe is
doing. If we change our government into a solid, compact,
centralized governed country, friction and trouble will be laid
up for future generations.
"As I see Massachusetts, it is the near-foreign-born, or
children of immigrants, who must control the State at the
polls. Foreign-looking children in the streets are as num-
berless as bees, all of extreme Southern European type. The
monuments record families of thirteen children in colonial
times. A child with patrician lines is hard to find in the
Boston of 1916."
Mr. Callaway comments thus : "Think of it ! 'Foreign-
looking children in the streets of Boston are as numberless as
bees, all of extreme Southern European type.' 'A child with
patrician lines is hard to find in the Boston of 1916.' The
glory of the South is her citizenship. With us the Anglo-
Saxon predominates. We are the descendants of the original
settlers. Yet Boston papers sneer at us as the land of the
'undesirables.' This sneer is now a part of the political con-
spiracy to arouse a spirit of antagonism against the South."
MEMORIAL TO MISS SALLIE TOMPKINS.
The room in which Miss Sallie Tompkins died in ■ the
Home for Needy Confederate Women, Richmond, Va., on
July 25, 1916, is to be turned into a hospital ward for the old
ladies as a memorial to Miss Sallie. Any one desiring to
contribute to this cause may forward the amount to Mrs.
Emanuel Raab, Treasurer, Home for Needy Confederate
Women, Richmond, Va.
CUNNINGHAM MEMORIAL FUND.
Previously reported $3,217 35
Camp William Lee, U. C. V., Evergreen, Ala 3 20
George Stone, Humboldt, Tenn 1 00
W. A. Milton, Louisville, Ky 2 00
R. C. May, Miami, Fla 2 50
Mrs. Sallie Carter, Corinth, Miss 1 00
James G. Holmes II., New Orleans, La 1 00
Mrs. Frances B. Tillman, Fayetteville, Tenn 1000
Frank Bennett Chapter, U. D. C, Wadesboro, N. C 1 00
Memorial Chapter, U. D. C, Little Rock, Ark 5 00
Helen Plane Chapter, U. D. C, Canton, Ga I 00
John Southerland Camp, U. C. V., Ripley, Tenn.... 5 00
Total $3,250 05
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
4S5
THE SHINING OXES.
BY MARY H. SOUTHWORTH KIMBROUC.H.
The last brigade is passing into the shades of night.
Who once were valor's vanguard are marching on. To right.
To left they scatter, the men who wore the gray ;
Out of the night they're passing into the light of day.
O there were deeds of valor upon thai field of blood.
Where young Confederacy for Southland's honor stood!
So as each one, each dear familiar form we knew,
Is lost to sight around the bending road, into
His Southland's history we look, remembering
The glory of his youth ; we turn each page and liring
To mind each gallant <\cvt\ he helped to blazon there.
There was no deed of courage that he did not dare.
O there were deeds of valor upon thai field <>f blood,
Where young Confederacy for Southland's honor stood1
And so as each dear lingerer of that brave band
Into the shadows passes he leaves a mourning land.
Ah. yes, departing heroes, your Southland mourns for you,
Iler shining ones, her gallant sons, most brave, most true!
BRIG. GEN. BASIL WILSON DUKE.
The last of the thirty-six generals furnished by Kentucky to
the Confederate army passed into the great beyond with the
deatli of Gen. Basil Duke on September [6, 1016. Infection
from an old wound was the immediate cause of his death.
Basil Wilson Duke was born in Scott County, Ky„ on the
28th of May. 1837, the son of Nathaniel and Mary Currie
Duke. After attending the Maysville school as a boy, his
education was completed at Georgetown and Center Colleges.
He then took a course in law at Transylvania University under
Chief Justice George
Robertson and began
the practice of law
with his uncle in St.
Louis. This was in
the stormy period just
before tin- War be-
tw ei n the States.
Vligning himself on
tin side of the South.
Duke organ
i?cd a company of
"Minutemen" a n d
also acted as aid to
General ETindman and
scout for General
Hardee. Following
an unsuccessful effi 11 1
to seize the Fedi 1 al
arsenal at St. Louis,
in which his Minute
men took part, he was
sent as a commissioner to President Davis at Montgomery,
\li. to secure arms for the proposed uprising in Missouri.
Because of this action, on his return to that Slate he was
ed of treason; so he went to Kentucky. While there
awaiting the turn of events he was married on June 18, 1861,
at the age of twenty-three, to Miss Henrietta Hunt Morgan,
a sister of the later renowned Gen. John II. Morgan. With
him hi 1 forming a cavalry command, known .1- Moi
2d Kentucky Cavalry, in which he served as lieutenant
BRIG. GEN. n. W. DUKE.
colonel, colonel, and general until the close of hostilities. His
command went with the Orphan Brigade of Kentucky to
Shiloh, and in that battle Colonel Duke was wounded. The
story of his career as a soldier of the South is that of Mor-
gan's gallant band. He took part in all of its engagements,
and in the daring raid into Ohio he was captured and placed
in prison with other officers of the command. Many weary
months after the escape of their chief he and the remaining
prisoners were exchanged, and Colonel Duke was again under
Morgan when the latter was killed. Succeeding in command,
he directed the operations of this force to the end. After
Genera] Lee's surrender, he was on the way to unite with
Johnston in North Carolina when he learned of the latter's
capitulation. His command acted as escort for President
Davis from Charlotte to Washington. Ga., and there was dis-
banded on May 14. [865.
Returning to Kentucky, General Duke made his home in
Louisville and became one of the prominent men of the State.
He was elected tobacco inspector. 1S66-67; State representa-
tive. 1869-/O: commonwealth attorney. [875-80; counsel for the
Louisville and Nashville Railroad. [882 04; and he had served
as one of the commissioners for Shiloh National Park from
1896 to 1016. He was also President of the Association of
Morgan's Men and was reelected at the annual meeting just
before his death.
General Duke was gifted in every way; he was a charming
conversationalist, a capital speaker, and a brilliant writer. His
•History of Morgan's Cavalry" was first published in 1867,
and several editions have been issued since. He also wrote
the "Reminiscences of Basil Duke" and much else in special
articles. His wife died in 1905. Their six children survive
him: Dr. Henry Duke and Calvin M. Duke, of Louisville;
Basil Duke. Jr., of Washington, D. C. ; Mrs. Samuel C. Hen-
ning. of Louisville; Mrs. Charles T. Ray, of Franklin. Mass.;
and Mrs. W. B. Matthews, of New York City.
The body of General Duke was taken from New York City,
where he died, to Lexington. Ky.. to the home of his brother-
in-law. Col. R. C. Morgan, the only surviving brother of Gen-
eral Morgan, and the funeral was held at Christ Church Ca-
thedral there. The pallbearers were his lifetime friends: Col.
E. Polk Johnson, Gen. John B. Castlcman, Mai. W. J. Davis.
Judge Alex P. Humphrey. R. W. Knott, and J. M. Atherton.
o I oui nd Dr. William Lewis. William Offutt, Horace
Taylor. Edward Taylor. P. P. Johnston, Steve Sharpe, I
ir, John Andrew Steele, Lee Young, Joseph Hunt. W.
\\ 1 astle, Rev. Dr. Dcering. and Eli Blackburn, of Lexington.
Mi MoKiAt. Rrsoi 1 noNS by mi Confederate Association
OF Kl NTUCKY.
Hardly since the death of Gen. Robert E. Lee has the grim
reaper death cut SO gri gap in the ranks of those who
the gray as when Gen. Basil W. Duke was gathered to
his eternal home September 16, 1916. He was born May 28,
1837.
He was the last one of the thirty-six Kentucky Confed-
erate generals; he was the last of seven generals to be taken
from the membership roll of this Association. Before him
there went awaj Gens. Upheus Baker, Simon Bolivar Buck-
ner. John Echols. William L. Jackson, Joseph Horace Lewis,
and Thomas H. Taylor.
General Puke was notable in the first days of the Confed-
eracy as a confidential friend of Jefferson Davis, and in the
last days of the Confederacy he formed his cavalry into an
escort for President Davis as he went West.
486
^oijfederat^ l/eterar?.
Throughout the war he was a soldier of the highest type.
When peace came he returned to Kentucky and was given the
highest rank in every circle of society, civil, literary, and po-
litical.
Always capable, frank, faithful, and fearless, he was loved
everywhere, and he loved mankind. "Love is the fulfilling of
the law."
We will treasure his pure memory. To his sorrowing loved
■jnes we tender sincerest sympathy.
Committee : Thomas D. Osborne, John H. Leathers. John
W. Green.
Resolutions by the Orphan Brigade.
The Orphan Brigade unites with Morgan's men and all
lovers of the Southern cause throughout Kentucky and the
nation in lamenting the death of Gen. Basil W. Duke, who
ieparted for the paradise of God September 16, 1916.
General Duke began his notable war career in our brigade,
as first lieutenant of Morgan's Squadron, at Shiloh, the first
great fight in the West, where he was wounded. He won his
spurs then, and in every engagement thereafter he measured
up to the fullest requirement of successful warfare in every
way. He could fight his men dismounted as well as mounted.
The war ended with him as a brigadier general, but acting as
major general, commanding a division of cavalry.
No man who ever led his men in battle was more watchful
if their welfare or less careful for himself. He literally
ridiculed danger and knew no fear.
Throughout his long career of a little more than seventy-
nine years in war and in peace he moved among men a
oharming prince, wearing the "white lily of a blameless life."
For him we adopt the Bible words quoted by Judge Alex
P. Humphrey: "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall
see God."
We commend to his children the consolation of the great
Captain of our salvation, Jesus Christ.
Committee: Thomas D. Osborne, John W. Green, John H.
Leathers.
NORTHERN CONSCIENCE AND THE WAR.
BY JAMES H. M'NEILLY, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN.
Probably no people, their character and institutions, were
ever so thoroughly misunderstood and so malignantly mis-
represented as were those of the Southern section of the
United States by the leaders of so-called moral and religious
sentiment in the Northern section. And to-day the most in-
sidious efforts to perpetuate those falsehoods and to circulate
them in literature are by the preachers and religious writers
of the Northern States. Especially is this true as to the
nature and results of the war of 1861-65. In sermons and
religious essays and lectures, in books and magazine articles
of remarkable rhetorical and literary finish they tell of the
nature and results of that war. It is proclaimed that the war
was the righteous uprising of the North to destroy a cruel
ind sinful institution which the South upheld and cherished
in defiance of God's law and the moral sentiment of the world ;
and these pious writers point to the emancipation of the slaves
as the greatest moral and religious victory of the ages, and
Mr. Lincoln is glorified as one of the great moral heroes of
the world, along with Jesus Christ. And so the war upon
the South, with its brutalities of devastation and its horrors
of Reconstruction, was only the necessary means used by
Divine Providence to free the nation from a great and crying
sin and to execute judgment 'on the sinners.
All this in face of the fact that Mr. Lincoln himself de-
clared over and over that the object of the war was not to free
the slaves, but to save the Union, and that the Emancipation
Eroclamation was not a moral but a war measure !
Now, these misrepresentations are introduced, as if indis-
putable, as illustrations in all kinds of religious disquisitions.
Here is an example in a book written by one of the ablest
and most delightful preachers and writers of the North on
the lessons of the present European war and against prepared-
ness for war. He is urging the Church to enter the arena
of politics and by her teachings control governments. "The
slave oligarchy hurled hot rebukes upon those impertinent
Northern clergymen who ventured to denounce the sin of
slavery." Now, there was no "slave oligarchy" ; that is
hysterical, rhetorical nonsense. And, moreover, the Southern
1 leaders cared little for the denunciations of Northern clergy-
men ; but they did resent the attempt of Northern leaders to
interfere with their guaranteed rights and the effort to control
their domestic institutions and to settle one of the most dif-
ficult problems of government according to the conscience of
Northern people, who knew nothing of the institution or the
conditions.
These writers seem ignorant of the fact, or they ignore it.
that, while the Northern clergymen were denouncing the
South for the sin of slavery, the Southern ministers of the
gospel in thirty-five years — 1S29 to 1864 — gathered about a
million and a half slaves into the communion of the Churches
at a cost of about $4,000,000, certainly an effective mission to
the heathen.
The thing I protest against is this circulation through the
religious press of these false ideas. The Southern people are
extensive readers of religious literature, and these books enter
our homes and will certainly influence our children to regard
their fathers and mothers as hardened sinners and the War
between the States as a wicked "slaveholders' rebellion."
These writers are no doubt conscientious, but the Saviour
warned against those who would think they did God service
in persecuting his disciples. The most terrible wrongs and
cruelties of history have been done in the name of conscience
One of the chief factors in bringing on the War between the
States was the New England conscience, that marvelous psy-
chological product of careful training which for nearly three
hundred years has been able, under all changes of circum-
stances, to adapt its moral code to its financial and political
interests. Let us give due credit to that conscience for much
of heroic sacrifice in the cause of civil and religious liberty,
and let us remember that conscience is the center of the
moral and spiritual life of any people. But conscience can
become intoxicated with superstition or fanaticism, and in
that case we appeal from conscience drunk to conscience
sober. Probably I ought to have called it the Massachusetts
conscience, for that little commonwealth has dominated the
conscience of New England and gradually come to direct the
conscience of the Northern States. With a sublime assump-
tion of superiority, moral and intellectual, that State, with
Boston as its center of light, has proposed to direct the con-
science and the mind of the whole of the United States ; and
because one generally gets what one is claiming if one only
claims it long enough and loud enough, this little State of
Massachusetts has controlled the moral and political senti-
ment of the Northern States and through the circulation of
religious literature is seeking to mold the opinions of the
youth of the South into condemnation of the life, character,
and conduct of her people in waging a defensive war for the
maintenance of their constitutional rights.
Qoi}federat<? l/eterat}.
487
Doubtless the New England conscience would not resent
the charge of bringing on the war, but would glory in the fact.
We all acknowledge that New England has its full share of
sincere, refined, cultured, intellectual, and pious people; but
Alien we are asked to submit our conscience to their guidance
md authority, WC answer that liberty of conscience i- our
■nost precious possession. And we call to mind sonic ot tin
agaries of the New England conscience in the past - how the
Puritans sought "gainful pillage" in exploiting the Indians
nnl sold hundreds of them, women and children, captured in
676, into slavery in the West fndies, yel to-daj boast with
lious gratulation that no slave ever breathed the air of Massa
diu-ctt — that conscience which lied from England to enjoj
liberty and freedom from persecution; yet it whipped, ha
and banished Quakers and persecuted Baptists in behalf of
sound doctrine, It burned witches for the glorj of God and
the safety of the people. It engaged for ovei 1 century in
importing slaves from Vfrica, with all the horrors of the mid-
dle passage; .and when slave labor became unprofitable 111 the
North on account of the climate, their slaves were sold to the
South. Then when there was danger of the South's main
•.lining her equality in the Union, the New I ngland con
science became outraged over the sin ot" slaverj and
to limit the rights of the South' mi States in the territories
i'.n by their valor and statesmanship rid so secure thi
londerance of the Northern States in the Union.
And so the demand of the New I was
for an "antislavery Constitution, an anti laverj Bib
antislavery God."- That same conscience
throat and tlnei John Brown, who tried to stir the slaves
•o murder and pillage of their masters' homes, and has ex
,lted him as .1 hero and martyi in the 1 luse of liberty. I hat
conscience had over .md again claimed .1' I 1 the
ight of a Stat< t" secede from [he Union; yet when the
em States 1 xercised that right heaped malt
■hem as rebels, traitors, deserving onlj confiscation oi prop
and deatli bj all forms of violence. That sani
science had no condemnation for the outt
.-hildrcn of the South perpetrated by thi soldiers of that war
which it had brought on. That same conscience, centered in
Boston, sends missionaries to Africa and also sends with
them millions of gallons of rum to debauch the heathen peo
pies. And now that same conscience with condeso
kindness seeks to teach our people that in the War between
the States the Southern people were sinners above all others,
whose only excuse was "invincible ignorance ami stupidity"!
//// /;.// //./; OF O.IK HILLS, Mo
B\ GEORGE Mil, ion. m'daDE, TEX.
In the February (1916) VETERAN appeared an article on the
mi ile of Oak Hills. Mo., by J. \Y. James, of Alpine. Tex
General McBride's forces did a noble pan there, hut no one
ommand could claim the full it. If there
vere any extra honors for any command, 1 am inclined to
think that the 3d Louisiana Regiment should have them. It
eis a part of General McCulloch's brigade, perfectlj di-
ed, armed with Harper's Ferry riih bayonets.
I arrived on the ground and went into camp about twenty
five or thirty \ards from General McCulIocli uarters
on the oth of August, [861. I In troops weri b paraded
that afternoon, and the rumor was that we were going to
march on Springfield. Mo., and attack Lyon's imped
l.ate in the afternoon it became cloudy and li
very much like a heavy rain would fall. The pickets had
been withdrawn, and Gereral McCulloch, in talking to Colonel
Mi Intosh, said: "Order the troops to sleep on their arm-, as
.it is too much of a risk to march on the enemy with a prospect
of getting our ammunition wet." (The brigade had nothing
lint canvas sacks for their cartridge box
So \\c made no moi Fternoon or night; hut it seems
that the Federals did move, although the night was as dark
as it could possibl] he for just about dawn a courier came
dashing up the hill and asked tor General McCulloch's quar-
ters. I pointed to his tent, and just then General McCulloch
came out. and the COUI ei Said: "General, the enemy is ad-
vancing ami is maneuvering to surround us." General Mc-
Culloch turned to hi- hostler and ordered his horse. About
that time we heard a vollej of -mall arms over on General
Price's front, and in less than a minute Rains's Division of
Cavalrj came down over the hill, some of them half dressed.
and many of the horses were loose and ran through our men.
who were sleeping on their arms, h was a demoralized state,
hut that was not the worst, for Totten ran his battery out on
Hill and opened first head
quarter-, then turned some of his guns on Colonel Churchill's
lit and set his tents and wagons on lire, killing and
ling two hundred and forty-five of the men before they
could he formed and ul of range. Woodruff fought
a regular duel with Totten after he changed his fire from
Churchill. Woodruff's Battery was from Little Rock, Ark.,
and was good. General Sigelgbt around to our rear with a
battery and planted it in the I road. It has always
, put tie to me how he got there; but he did not stay long
for Reid's Battery was in position not more than four hut
vaids from Sigel. The hazel brush kept Sigel from discover-
0- until Reid had knocked hi- guns and horses into pi
I w:is told that Sigel got away with one gun.
About the tim anted his batterj we were in bad
shape; for if h. permitted to fire down through the
valley with gi ipe ind canister, it would have been slaughter
for us. It certainly was a fortunate thing that Reid was in
isition, although it was risky, is two companies of the
1 1 ouisiana Regiment were on their way to charge Sigel's
battery.
It certainly was p '-hip on the part of Sigel to
pen up Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana troops and give
them 110 chance to retreat. It would have been equally poor
policy to pen up Missouri troop-; it would have taken a wall
of steel to hold such troops. General Wightman had a fine
brigade, and he wis a line commander, none better, but he
fell early in the action. The killing of General Lyons seemed
moralize the Federals, foi soon after they began to re-
1re.1t toward Springfield, and the retreat I'm tme a rout. Our
force- captured about thret hundred prisoners, and. having
no rations to i-sue them, we ga -ting ears and issued
10 them. They kicked against the fare, hut wi issured them
that that was the best we could do for them, as we were very
short on rations We showed thin how to cook the corn
with the shuck on. Late in the evening an ambulance Under
a tlag of truce came up to General McCulloch's tent with a
lady passenger and several Federal soldiers. The lady asked
-si, .li to take the bodj "f General Lyons. General Mc-
I a detail t" -how her whi idy was and
ut it iii li:. i wis told the lady's name
husband was a Missouri Congress-
es \. John V Littl
488
Qoi}federat<? l/eteraq.
company. Rip Ford's regiment. The company was organized
and mustered in about eight miles from Brownsville on' what
had been the battle ground of the Resaca De La Palma at the
beginning of the Mexican War, in 184". A day or so there-
after we drew arms and were ordered out to drive the Indians
back, as they had followed down the Rio Grande, stealing
horses and murdering people. They were within forty miles
of Brownsville when we got in our saddles, and we rode until
eleven o'clock that night, but failed to get any work in on
them. The next day we were again on their trail by good
daylight and trailed them to a place where they crossed the
river about where the town of Laredo is now. Our company
then returned to Lake Carocetas, and, the regiment soon after
being reorganized, several of the company, myself among the
number, concluded to go to Missouri, where we would be apt
to see some of the excitement. So we saddled up our ponies
and struck out and rode all the way, camping out every night,
and reached General McCulloch's headquarters on the 9th of
August, 1S61. The battle of Oak Hills was fought the next
day. The forces were about equal on both sides. General
McCulloch had a good many more companies, but no arms for
them. Shotguns were at a premium.
TRUE TO HIS COUNTRY AND HIMSELF.
The following lines were gleaned from the sacred relics
of a soldier who not long ago "crossed over the river"; and
though they may possess little merit from a poetical stand-
point, yet they are significant from the fact that they were
penned under unusual circumstances and show with what
tenacity the Southern soldier clung to principles under the
most adverse circumstances. When the United States gov-
ernment refused to exchange prisoners, knowing that disease
was more deadly than the sword in decimating the ranks of
the gray, each day the flower of Southern chivalry was wither-
ing beneath the blighting touch of smallpox and other deadly
diseases in the prison camp. George T. McLaurine had en-
dured for twenty-two months all the horrors of captivity in
four Federal prisons, and some friends North, hoping to do
him a kindness, without his knowledge interested their Con-
gressman in his behalf. This member succeeded in securing
special permission for Mr. McLaurine to take the oath of
allegiance and return home ; but when the officials entered
the prison to apprise him of the concession made in his favor
and to administer the oath, he turned aside with scorn, re-
fusing to accept liberty on such terms. A comrade, impressed
with his loyalty to his country, penned these lines. If "J. C."
is living to-day and remembers the circumstances, we should
be glad to hear it :
"You ask me to desert my land,
Its history and glory,
Whose fame is penned sublimely grand
. In thrilling epic story;
Whose name is written on proud fields
By war's avenging finger,
Where crashing battle shocks were felt
And stains of carnage linger.
You ask me to desert my land.
My tie of country sever,
Affix a traitor's hateful brand
Upon my name forever.
You little know the heart that beats
Within this bosom swelling.
I'd rather in my winding sheet
Sleep in my last clay dwelling.
You ask me to desert my land,
To which my life is given,
And make my spirit fear to stand
Within the court of heaven.
Dear sunny South, you trusted me
Amid the smoke of battle.
God grant I'll strike again for thee
Where steel shall clash and rattle!"
(A sketch of George T. McLaurine appeared in the Vet-
eran for March. His widow and children live in Birmingham,
Ala.)
THE HOUSE OF THE LONG AGO.
BY MARY JOHNSON POSEY.
There's a quaint old house on the top of a hill,
On the road that leads to the mossy old mill.
Where the sun shines softly in mellowest gleams
\nd the moonlight falls over it in silvery streams.
There's a woodbine that clings to its moldering wall,
Where burn the bright tints of the swift-coming fall ;
And a purple wistaria, deep-freighted with bloom,
Droops over the window in graceful festoon.
There's a tumble-down fence where the blue glories cling
And a lavender tree where the mocking birds sing;
There are lordly oak trees on the great grassy lawn.
And crape myrtle's blossoms are shades of the dawn.
And in this dear house of the long, long ago
The shades of the past still linger, I know;
For history was made within these gray walls,
And chieftains here rallied when they heard the South's calls.
There are Johnston and Hood and Robert E. Lee,
Who sit in fancy by the fireside with me ;
For the glory of their presence shines through the years
In this house that is sweet with mem'ry and tears.
OLD HOME OF GEX. ADAM R. JOHNSON AT BURNET, TEX.
Here Gens. Albert Sidney Johnston, John B. Hood, and Rob-
ert E. Lee were often guests in days before the war. Mrs.
Posey is a daughter of General Johnson, who i.-s now enjoying
a serene old age.
Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis. — We have changed
the constituent parts, but not the system of our government.
The Constitution formed by. our fathers is that of the Con-
federate States, in their exposition of it, and in the judicial
construction it has received we have a light which reveals its
true meaning. — From "Dixie Book of Days."
^opfederat^ l/eterag.
4s9
THE CONFEDERATE HOMES OF TEXAS.
BY J. 0. BRADFIELD, AUSTIN, TEX.
There are some who think that the Texas Confederate
Home is a sort of "poor farm" proposition, where the old men
are allowed to stay on sufferance, with all sorts of troubles
and inconveniences. This is a grave mistake. The Home was
put in operation twenty-seven years ago by our best friends,
the Daughters of the Confederacy, transferred by them to
John B. Hood Camp, U. C. V. ; and when it became too large
for the Camp to handle, the State assumed control, and the
people voted a tax upon themselves for its maintenance. It
contains twenty-seven acres, and its location is ideal. Here
we have every convenience that any city can furnish — a large
and well-arranged, up-to-date hospital with all modern ap-
pliances, an excellent surgeon, trained nurses, etc. A nice
chapel, which is free to all denominations, barber shop, baths,
laundry, waterworks, electric lights in every room, sewerage,
etc. — in fact, everything is convenient and comfortable. Dr.
A. C. Oliver, our honored Superintendent, and the Board of
Managers are doing all in their power to make a real home
for the old soldiers. Mr. George Dollahite, our quartermaster,
sees that we are well clothed and bountifully fed; and Dr.
Gill, our worthy surgeon, looks after his ninety patients in
the hospital as a mother would look after a child.
Texas is the only State that bars none. It matters not
whence he comes, if he was a Confederate soldier and can
prove his record, this is his passport into the Home. There
are about four hundred inmates here, less than one-fourth of
whom are Texans. There are more men from each of the
three States of Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee than from
Texas, and no State in the South is without its representa-
tion. We have all classes of men — farmers, mechanics, law-
yers, judges, doctors, teachers, preachers, and a few hobos.
Our burial ground was donated by the State and is being
made more beautiful as each year passes. There are about
nine hundred and fifty marble headstones marking the graves
of those who have died at the Home, and almost every day
now an added mound is raised. It is only a question of a
SCENES ABOUT THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS HOME AI WsllN. I EX. VINES AND
SHRUBBERY AND SHADED WALKWAYS MAKI IT A BEAUTIFUL AND
HOMELIKE PLACE.
II*
very few years until the Confederate soldier will be but a
memory, but what a memory! The inmates range from
seventy to one hundred years old, and in the course of nature
they must soon go. The inmates of the Home are the most
independent men to-day in Texas, rich or poor. We have
absolutely no cares, every want is supplied, we go and come
when we please and where we please, and it does not cost us
a cent, as the railroads give us free transportation wherever
we wish to go. What more could we ask?
The people of Texas have declared through the legislature
that the inmates of the Home are not paupers or dependents,
but the honored guests of the Slate; that the services we
rendered fifty years ago entitle us to all and more than we are
getting.
Confederate Woman's Home.
This is a separate institution under the control of its own
Superintendent and Board of Managers. It is located about
four miles from our Home, in North Austin. It is indeed a
beautiful structure and is the joy and pride of the Daughters
of the Confederacy, who founded it and gave it to the State.
Here the widows and wives of Confederate soldiers are cared
for. It has a splendid new hospital, just finished, and fur-
nished with everything necessary for comfort and convenience.
Every part of this Home is kept absolutely clean and sanitary.
Within the last eight years there have been but twelve deaths
at the Home, which is a remarkable showing when we con-
sider the age and infirmity of the occupants, and it shows that
these grand old women are receiving the care and attention
they so much deserve.
Miss Kate Daffan, the Superintendent, daughter of a gal-
lant Confederate soldier, is a woman of remarkable executive
and constructive ability. She manages the entire business of
the Home and gives the closest personal attention to every
detail. If success is a mark of merit, then Miss Daffan de-
servedly stands at the head.
I wish that spice would allow me to give a detailed de-
scription of this Home, its turf-covered grounds, its beautiful
(lowers, its evergreens, its native oak shade trees, its ivy-
decked walls, all of which are carefully kept. The inmates
1 an never be lonely, as there is hardly
a day in the year which is not filled
with some form of entertainment. A
line piano and victrola furnish all the
music they want, and the students from
the State University come out two or
three times a week and with songs and
readings help them to be glad, while re-
ligious services are held regularly by the
different denominations.
Through the personal endeavor of
Miss Daffan the railroads of the State
furnish them free transportation, so that
any who are able to travel may visit
their friends whenever they choose. I
wish that all the people of Texas could
see these Homes. They would be proud
of their work in sustaining them. But
Texas does nothing in a small way.
Texas is big all over, and the ozone
that permeates all nature naturally pro-
duces real cowboys, Woodrow Wilson
Democrats, and beautiful women.
490
^oi}federat<^ l/eterai}.
STONEWALL JACKSON IN WEST VIRGINIA.
BY J. HOP WOODS, PHILIPPI, W. VA.
The name of Stonewall Jackson immediately arrests atten-
tion. It is a name like that of Lee, revered in the South, and
especially in Virginia, with an almost idolatrous devotion.
The baptism of fire which Jackson's Brigade received in the
battle of First Manassas gave it and him the name of "Stone-
wall," and by that name everywhere and in all history he is
now commonly known.
About two years ago a touring party, crossing the Appa-
lachian Range from West Virginia to Virginia, came to the
quiet little city of Lexington, in the county of Rockbridge.
This county is so called because of the wonderful natural
phenomenon of the well-known Natural Bridge, one of the
great wonders of this continent. There at Lexington sleep
the two great chieftains of the Confederacy, one in the
mausoleum in the chapel of Washington and Lee University,
and the other in the cemetery, in the center of the city. These
great chieftains, Lee and Jackson, were both graduates of the
United States Military Academy at West Point, New York,
both were Virginians, and both opposed to the exercise of the
right of secession. The views of General Lee upon this sub-
ject are well known. His resignation at the beginning of the
war as the ranking officer of the United States army and the
natural successor to Gen. Winfield Scott, its commander, is
familiar history. The views of Jackson are not so well known,
but they were much like the views of his chief. Both were
conspicuous Church members. Lee was an Episcopalian ;
Jackson was a Presbyterian. The families of both had been
and are still honored in the old commonwealth and the new
Virginia and West Virginia. A like military training had
taught each the duty of obedience ; and to them obedience, as
the Scripture says, "was better than sacrifice." Each obeyed
primarily the mandate of his State under the doctrine of State
sovereignty as the highest law and regarded disobedience as
disloyalty.
Standing by the graves of these great soldiers, viewing
them amid the beautiful scenes of the North Mountain, which
towers like sentinels above them, and instinctively feeling the
same reverence which pervades the whole community, a gentle-
man from the North, who had not previously entered into,
nor, as he said, been able to enter into, the feeling of devo-
tion which possessed almost every Southern man for these
great characters, said : "I can understand here, as I could not
elsewhere, how the names of Lee and Jackson are adored by
the Southern people. It would be almost a desecration to
repress the inspiration of affection which seems here to seize
and hold even a stranger."
At the beginning of the War between the States Jackson
was a quiet professor at the State Military Institute at Lex-
ington. To use the language of Colonel Henderson in his
great life of Jackson : "He had spent ten years at Lexington
and was just five and thirty when he left it. For ten years
he had seen no more of military service than the drills of the
cadet battalion. He had lost all touch with the army. His
name had been forgotten except by his comrades of the Mexi-
can campaign, and he had hardly seen a regular soldier since
he resigned his commission. But even from a military point
of view those ten years had not been wasted. His mind had
a wider grasp, and his brain was more active. Striving to
fit himself for such duties as might devolve on him should
he be summoned to the field, like all great men and all prac-
tical men, he had gone to the best masters. In the campaigns
of Napoleon he had found instruction in the highest branch
of his profession and had made his own the methods of war
which the greatest of modern soldiers had preached and prac-
ticed. Strengthened, too, by constant exercise was his con-
trol over his physical wants, over his temper and his tempta-
tions. Mature years and the search for wisdom had steadied
his restless daring, and his devotion to duty, always remark-
able, had become second nature. His health, under careful
and self-imposed treatment, had much improved, and the
year 1861 found him in the prime of physical and mental
vigor. Already it had become apparent that his life at Lex-
ington was soon to end. The Damascus blade was not to rust
upon the shelf."
At this time Lee, of course, was living at Arlington, Va..
just across the Potomac River from the city of Washington,
for he was still in the Federal service. He knew, however,
of Jackson and the institute, a school modeled after West
Point and then almost as famous. Jackson was professor of
natural and experimental philosophy and artillery tactics.
While respected and acceptable as an instructor, he was never
popular. His strong point seemed to be discipline. The call
to arms found him, as every moment in his subsequent career
found him, ready for instant action. After drilling some
troops near the city of Richmond in the organization and
mobilization of the Southern army, he was commissioned as
colonel on the 27th of April, 1861, and given a command.
From that date until the date of his tragic death at Chancel-
lorsville, on the 10th of May, 1863, a period of little over two
years, he developed a genius for military strategy and demon-
strated such marvelous habits of success that his star shot
like a meteor at once to the zenith of war's firmament. Gen.
John B. Gordon says of him : "His career as a soldier was
brilliant and dazzling. It had neither the dimness of the dawn
nor the fading of the twilight, but was full-orbed from first
to last."
Great as it promised and great as it became, it was perhaps
due to the surprising foresight of Gov. John C. Letcher, of
Virginia, that the South was not wholly deprived of his serv-
ices. The interference by the Confederate War Department
with the movement of Jackson's army in West Virginia, at
Romney, resulted in his resignation. Jackson, though with
great deference to his superiors, would not brook interference
by a military bureau with his operations in the field. General
Loring, who had been Jackson's superior in the regular army
in Mexico, was ordered by him to occupy and hold the town
of Romney, in Hampshire County, which was west of Win-
chester, in Frederick County, Va., where Jackson had estab-
lished his headquarters. Complaints of this action reached
the War Department at Richmond from unofficial sources,
and Jackson's order was countermanded. With great loyalty,
but military tact, he placed his resignation upon the ground
that "with such interference in his command he could not ex-
pect to be of much service in the field." At the same time he
addressed a letter to the Governor and one to his superior.
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Both immediately set themselves
to have Jackson withdraw his resignation, the Governor as-
suring him that it was not the intention of the government,
however it might seem, to interfere with his plans. Jackson
acceded to their request, and thus this prodigy of valor and
Mars in arms was saved to the Confederacy. Otherwise it
might have been said of him, as was said of the simple swain
in "Gray's Elegy":
"Here rests his head upon the lap of earth,
A youth to fortune and to fame unknown."
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
491
The far-seeing eye of Governor Letcher saw in the quiet
professor what the War Department seemed not to see. He
saw in him a fine, highly bred graduate of the best military
school in the world. He saw in him all the elements and in-
stincts of a gentleman, with a Christian spirit content to be
controlled by Divine Providence. He saw in him an officer
ready for immediate and active service. He saw in him youth,
health, regularity, abstemiousness, reverence for the Sabbath,
and obedience to authority. All these he had been daily en-
forcing for years among the young cadets at the Military In-
stitute, These, Governor Letcher thought, it was important
to enforce upon the Virginia troops, then recruiting and in
service in Virginia, for the great contest. It must have been
a proud moment for the old Governor when he afterwards
beheld the star of Jackson transcendent and fixed in the zenith
of fame. Perhaps Governor Yates, of Illinois, felt the same
pride when in 1865 the whole world rose and uncovered be-
fore General Grant, the successful commander, whom he had
commissioned at the beginning of the war in the volunteer
service of the Federal army from that State. It is a great
thing to be wise, but some men have the gift of selecting wise
subordinates.
But this article must not dwell alone upon character, how-
ever fascinating the subject. Jackson's mind was religious and
military. The two combined made him, perhaps, as his critics
say, a fatalist; but he himself saw nothing in the contest but
right and duty. He was a Virginian, and he saw only Vir-
ginia invaded. He knew its people, its history, its traditions
its geography. These were of immense value in war, and
these, perhaps, gave Jackson a great advantage over the in-
vader. He was fighting upon his own soil, for his own peo-
ple, and against an in-
truder. He saw the Alle-
ghanies, part of the Ap-
palachian chain, as a verita-
ble rock and fortress
against him. Hence to
Western Virginia (now-
West Virginia), where he
was born and where his
kindred had lived and died,
he hastened. So also for
somewhat similar reasons,
remembering what his great predecessor, Washington, had
said about the mountains of West Augusta as a fortress
against the invading British, came also Lee. The enemy
could not force the great mountains. There, if they stood,
the invader could not pass. Hence the first engagement on
land at Philippi, in the county of Barbour, at the western
base of the spurs of the Alleghany, on June 3, 1861, between
the Confederate colonel, George A. Porterfield, and the Fed-
eral colonel, B. F. Kelley, an account of which was printed
in the Veteran in the November issue, 1915, on page 486.
Then followed the skirmish at Belington, twelve miles
farther southeast, and at Carrick's Ford, in Tucker County,
still farther southeast, where Gen. Robert S. Garnett fell
mortally wounded; at the summit of Rich Mountain, where'
Col. John Pegram, the valiant Virginian, lost amid the forest,
surrendered his command of about six hundred men to his
Federal opponent for want of food; at the summit of the
Alleghanies. amid the clouds, where each side suffered man;
casualties ; at Bartow, on the Greenbrier River, at the western
foot of the same mountain, where both armies endured hard-
ships and suffered losses and where to-day is shown the gravi
of a gallant Southern youth who died in battle with a letter
upon his person telling his mother that he would be honn
soon, but not until a few more Yankees had been killed.
Poor soldier boy ! the next day some possibly aimless Yankee
bullet sent his letter to his mother and his body to the tomb.
Battle of McDowell.
After these engagements and after the battle of First Manas-
sas, where Jackson and his command received the sobriquet of
"Stonewall," came the battle of McDowell. This is a fine
little hamlet, ten miles
southeast of Monterey, the
county seat of Highland
County, Va. In general ap-
pearance and location they
are very much alike, Monte-
rey being the larger, but
both being at the time of
the battle and even now
small towns. Each lies
upon the waters of a moun-
tain stream and upon high
-J^J&Mi
yi^.;.
^T ' jS&0&
jafl
zz~*#**s*i?-
w
#*
THE BOYHOOD HOME OF STONEWALL JACKSON.
The farm of his uncle. Cummins Jackson, near Weston, YV. Va.
MONTEREY, VA., THE COUNTY SEAT OF HIGHLAND COUNTY, PHILIPPI, W. VA., WHERE THE FIRST INLAND BATTLE OF THE
IS SITUATED SIMILARLY TO MDOWELL. WAR WAS FOUGHT.
492
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
land, as the name of the county indicates. The stream from
McDowell flows north and is called in that county Bull Pas-
ture River, but farther north it is the Moorefield River, a
tributary of the north branch of the Potomac, traversing the
counties of Pendleton, Hardy, and Hampshire and emptying
into Potomac River in Maryland. The stream from Monterey
flows south through the counties of Bath, Alleghany, and
others into the James River and is called Jackson River.
Each lies in a quiet valley between ranges of the Alleghanies.
and a picture of either from east to west presents the same
general outline, so that a traveler seeing one would have a
pretty clear idea of the other.
Adjoining Highland County is the great county of Augusta,
on the east. It was a Confederate stronghold, and the thriv-
ing city of Staunton was its county seat. Upon the Virginia
Central Railroad, now the Chesapeake and Ohio, which tra-
versed Virginia from Richmond to Goshen, thirty miles south-
west of Staunton, in Rockbridge County, Lexington was the
principal town and county seat. One can imagine Jackson
riding these mountainous heights near McDowell and seeing
the conflict almost at his own door. With a powerful glass,
had not the foliage and fog intervened, he might have seen
Lexington had he looked south from the peaks which he
crossed on his way west to the battle field. It is difficult now
to understand why it was necessary for McDowell, or, indeed,
any of these mountain fastnesses, to hear the din of battle.
Immediate causes, involving the propinquity of hostile forces,
are assigned, of course, as reasons in history; but the only
real reason must have been the contracted view of all con-
cerned in the magnitude of the impending struggle in sup-
posing that the war must rage alone along the line between
the two Virginias. That it did not, however, everybody now
knows, and knows besides that it shook the continent from
sea to sea and from ocean to ocean. Perhaps a natural or
inherited antipathy between the sections interposed. Old Vir-
ginia and West Virginia, or, as it was during the war, West-
ern Virginia, were never friends except socially. The moun-
tain—that is, the Appalachian range — was the geographical
and political barrier. So, likewise, was the English Channel
as Cowper wrote of the Straits of Dover :
"Lands intersected by a narrow frith
Abhor each other. Mountains interposed
Make enemies of nations, which had else,
Like kindred drops, been mingled into one."
At McDowell Jackson met the enemy and received its shock
upon the Bull Pasture Mountain, east of the town. He was
in position on Sitlington's Hill, which commanded the situa-
tion. The collision was an attempt by the Federal general,
R. H. Milroy, to dislodge Jackson from his position, which.
as usual, he had assumed in advance by virtue of a provoking
habit that seemed always and at every place where Jackson
appeared to beset the enemy. The assault failed, though the
battle raged for four hours with mutual slaughter. Night
shadowed the enemy in full retreat, with ammunition, camp
equipage, and provisions scattered along the way. Morn saw
the Confederates in pursuit, the enemy escaping north by
the highways of the South Branch of the Potomac, through
Franklin, in Pendleton County, and Romney, in Hampshire
County, setting fire to the forests on the mountain side as he
retreated. Dabney says of this retreat: "The sky was over-
cast with volumes of smoke which wrapped every distant
object in a veil, impenetrable alike to the eyes and tele-
scopes of the officers. Through this sultry canopy the pur-
suing army felt its way cautiously, cannonaded by the enemy
from every advantageous position, while it was protected
from ambuscades only by detachments of skirmishers, who
scoured the burning woods on either side of the highway.
The General, often far in advance of the column in his
eagerness to overtake the foe, declared that this was the most
adroit expedient to which a retreating army could resort and
that it entailed upon him all the disadvantages of a night at-
tack."
The Confederates lost sixty in killed and three hundred
and ninety-one in wounded, the 12th Georgia, by reason of
heedless daring, suffering most and losing thirty-five killed and
one hundred and forty wounded. Many gallant Confederates
fell. Among them was Colonel Gibbons, of the loth Virginia,
killed, and the only person in his regiment struck. He fell
dead as he was bringing his men into position. A Christian
gentleman and soldier, he was beloved by all his command
Colonel Harman, of the 52d Virginia, Colonel Smith and
Major Higgingbothom, of the 25th Virginia, and Major Camp-
bell, of the 42d Virginia, were wounded. Gen. Edward John-
son, commanding the forces in action under Jackson, was dis-
abled by a shot in the ankle which compelled him to leave the
field. General Jackson said of him : "I had intrusted to him
the management of the troops engaged, and he proved himself
eminently worthy of the confidence reposed in him by the
skill, gallantry, and presence of mind which he displayed on
this occasion." Captain Lee, Jackson's aid, was also severely
wounded in the head. Few prisoners were taken, but among
them was a colonel of an Ohio regiment. General Milroy's
force was 8,000; Jackson's was 12,000. But only about one-
half of the latter was engaged. These are Dr. Dabney's
figures. Henderson places them at less. He says 2,500 Fed-
erals engaged 4,000 Confederates. As Henderson's "Life of
Jackson" was published long after Dabney's, it may be re-
garded as the more reliable as to numbers. This is also true
as to casualties. Dabney says that the Confederate loss was
69 killed and 391 wounded, making a total of 460; that of this
number 35 were killed in the 12th Georgia and 140 wounded.
This gallant body, having been trained under the watchful
eye of General Johnson, held the center of the battle from
the beginning, although the 25th, 27th, 31st, 42d, 44th, S2d,
and 58th Virginia Regiments, with others, including the cadet
corps from the Military Academy at Lexington, were en-
gaged. Henderson says the casualties were 498 among the
Confederates, whereof 54 were officers; that the 12th Georgia
lost 156 men and 19 officers, and that the Federal loss was
256 in killed, wounded, and missing.
It was at this battle, or rather at the close of it, that cer-
SCENE ON JOURNEY TO JACKSON S BOYHOOD HOME.
Qopfederat^ Veterar).
493
tain companies of the 27th Virginia, of the Stonewall Brigade,
whose term of enlistment for twelve months had expired,
became mutinous and demanded a discharge. The officer in
command, Colonel Grigsby, appealed to General Jackson.
This disciplinarian, with flashing eye and rigid brow, de-
manded with portentous sternness: "What is this but mutiny?
Why does Colonel Grigsby refer to me to know what to do
with a mutiny? He should shoot them where they stand."
He then turned to his adjutant and dictated an order to the
Colonel to parade his regiment instantly with loaded muskets,
to draw up the insubordinate companies in front of them
without arms, and offer them the alternative of returning to
duty or being fusilladed on the spot. The order was obeyed,
and the mutineers when thus confronted with instant death
promptly reconsidered their resolution. Dr. Dabncy says that
they could not afterwards be distinguished from the rest of
the regiment in their soldierly behavior and that this was the
last organized attempt at disobedience in the army.
General Jackson's laconic dispatch to headquarters about the
result of this battle was characteristic. It was as follows:
"Valley District, May 9, 1862.
"Gen. S. Cooper: "God blessed our arms with victory at
McDowell yesterday. T. J. Jackson, Major General."
Although McDowell followed the battles of First Manassas,
the Valley Campaign and Kernstown, and other occurrences of
lesser note, where fame and promotion followed Jackson in
their tread, none of these was so near the scene of his na-
tivity nor amid the mountains of his native State nor so close
to his home at Lexington. It does not require a great stretch
of the imagination to see that Jackson was fighting for his
native land.
"Breathes there the man with soul so dead
Who never to himself hath said.
'This is my own, my native land?'
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned
As home his footsteps he hath turned
From wandering on a foreign strand?
If such there be. go, mark him well!
For him no minstrel raptures swell ;
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung."
Here too the young cadets from Lexington were first called
into service, many of them falling later in the battle of New
Market, in Shenandoah County, on May 15, 1S64, the casual-
ties being about twenty per cent of the youths engaged. At
that time Jackson was dead, having fallen at Chanccllorsville
nearly a year previously. If the Spartan mothers sent their
sons to battle and told them to bring back their shields with
honor or their dead bodies upon them, so Jackson not only
led the youths of this great school to battle, but died with
them upon the field. It must have been about a year previous-
ly when Jackson, with the cadet corps, was drilling the re-
cruits near Richmond or perhaps about the time of First
Manassas, to which William Howard Russel, the special cor-
respondent of the London Times, generally known as "Bull
Run" Russel, refers in his "Diary North and South," pub-
lished in 1863, when he s:iys in his introduction: "The day I
landed at Norfolk a tall, lean man, ill dressed, in a slouch hat
and wrinkled clothes, stood with arms folded and legs wide
apart against the wall of the hotel (Atlantic), looking on the
ground. One of the waiters told me it was 'Professor Jack-
son,' and I have been plagued by suspicions ever since that
in refusing an introduction, which was offered to me, I
missed an opportunity of making the acquaintance of the man
of the stone walls of Winchester ; but, on the whole, I have
been fortunate in meeting many of the soldiers and statesmen
who had distinguished themselves in this unhappy war."
In the Capitol grounds of West Virginia, at Charleston,
stands a bronze statue of Stonewall Jackson with eyes look-
ing toward the south. At Clarksburg the place of his humble
birth is pointed out to travelers as a spot of historic interest.
The home near Weston, in Lewis County, where he lived with
his father's half brother. Cummins Jackson, from the time he
was a lad until his appointment as a cadet at West Point in
1842, no longer stands, but the place with the winding road,
the meandering West Fork River, and the old mill are still
points of interest to the beholder.
Henderson says that the victory of the Confederates at Mc-
Dowell was insignificant and must rank with the battl
lost opportunities. Perhaps so, but in the same breath lv
touches the vital point of all of Jackson's battles — namely,
that "the object of his maneuvers was the destruction of
Banks's army and not merely of his advance guard. To los<
men was exactly what Jackson wished to avoid." To have
pursued the enemy and driven him down the waters of tin
North Branch of the Potomac, whither he hastened without
being driven, probably saved Jackson hundreds of men, as noth-
ing living could penetrate and survive the awful holocaust of
the burning forests in the rear of the retreating enemy.
Jackson was less than forty years of age when he died.
His career as a soldier was of but two years' duration. His
success was phenomenal in every way. Dabney says of him
that he was never routed in battle, never successfully sur-
prised by his enemies, never had a trained or organized por-
tion of his army captured, and that he never made intrench-
ments; that while he rose rapidly to the foremost place ts a
great soldier, none of his comrades had displaced him from his
eminence; that his personal demeanor toward his soldiers was
reserved but courteous ; that it was impossible to assume an
improper familiarity toward him, but that no one could be
farther than he from the arts of the demago
He was not only a true soldier, hut he was a typical Ameri-
can. As time passes and the asperities of war are assuaged,
he, with the other great leaders of the Confederacy, should
stand in the Capitol at Washington with the successful leaders
of the Federal army in plain view of the Great Avenue, so
that strangers and foreigners visiting a reunited country may
look upon the faces of the great soldiers who fought tin-
greatest war in the greatest republic of the greatest nation
upon the earth.
First Day of Second Manassas. 1862. — The battle was
over, and the Valley army had been once more victorious.
* * * Their great task had been accomplished, and Pope's
army, harassed, starving, and bewildered, had been brought
to bay. * * * Dr. McGuire. fresh from the spectacle of the
silent battle field, said : "General, this day has been won by
nothing but stark and stern fighting." "No." replied Jackson :
"it has been won by nothing but the blessing and protection
of Providence." Lieut. Col. G. F. R. Henderson, C. B.
Jackson's Last Command. — "General Pender, you must
hold your ground ; you must hold your ground."
494
C^opfederat^ l/eterap.
THE HIDDEN WAY TO DIXIE.
BY CHARLES HALLOCK, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The outbreak of war in 1861 was disastrous to many South-
ern commercial houses with Xew York connections. For many
months — nay, years — after the defiant shot of the Confeder-
ates was fired at Fort Sumter in April vigorous efforts were
made to maintain the intercourse which war measures so
seriously interfered with. All kinds of shifts and expedients
were resorted to on both sides to prevent properties being
confiscated, members of firms in some cases remaining in
hostile country to hold down valuable assets, meanwhile pro-
fessing loyalty to their locum tencns or posing as neutrals.
The strongest of these commercial houses was that of De
Rossett, Uttley, Brown & Co., of Wilmington, N. C, whose
interests were involved with those of an immense constituency
on both sides of the military line. They had valuable proper-
ties in Xew York downtown; and John Potts Brown, the jun-
ior partner, had charge of the main business office at No. 12
Beaver Street. His son, Lieut. Robert W. Brown, was a de-
tective in General Winder's office in Richmond, who issued
temporary passes to strangers coming into town. This fact is
significant.
The exigencies of this powerful firm led to the establish-
ment of an underground thoroughfare, or hidden way to
Dixie, by which mercenary Hebrews and Southern sympa-
thizers profited much. The quantity of contraband goods
which continuously passed the lines was incredible, and many
recruits for the Confederate army were hiked over into the
enemy's country with facility and safety. Newspapers passed
to and fro with mysterious frequency. No vigilance could
stop it. Thereby important military plans were frustrated,
and much was done toward prolonging the war. It was an
"unholy" war, as some of its opposers had the temerity to
declare at the outset until their protests were hushed in Fort
Lafayette or the Old Capitol Prison ; and many are the for-
tunes of to-day whose foundations were laid through the con-
nivance and obliquity of officials or adventurers who ostensi-
bly fought for "the old flag," while the goods which ran the
blockade and were tabooed with patriotic self-denial by South-
ern consumers were in greater part of New England manu-
facture.
Unsophisticated persons, especially the blue and the gray
pickets on each side, did marvel greatly, I ween, at the regu-
larity with which this correspondence shuttled to and fro with-
out being intercepted; and it is for the purpose of solving the
peculiar "whyness of the what" that this brief expose is sub-
mitted by one of the participators who seems to have survived
the most of his contemporaries, premising that there is a lot
of other secret history of the war of like character that has
not yet been written nor probably ever will be.
I have been reading some old letters which were written
within the Confederate lines during the war and addressed
to people in Connecticut. They are posthumous papers of the
person by whom they were at the time received. The writer
is living. Their dates are February 28, March 2, March 30,
April 14, and May 17 of the year 1863, intervals about as fre-
quent as an attentive correspondent would choose in times
normal. One bears the Baltimore Post Office stamp and the
others the official New York stamp. Replies to these, post-
marked at Richmond. Va., and Augusta, Ga., were stamped
at New Haven on March 23 and May 18. They were evi-
dently brought across the picketed lines by "blockade run-
ners," as all persons who took chances of capture were dubbed
in those days.
One day I took a fancy to go South on an errand which
did not seem to compromise my loyalty to the Union to any
great extent, and I accordingly went to military headquarters
in Washington and ingenuously asked for a permit to pass by
flag of truce. This was denied me ; and when I suggested that
there were other ways, I was threatened with incarceration
in the Old Capitol Prison in case I was intercepted. This
threat seemed to challenge my nerve, and I at once set out to
avail myself of the "hidden way," to which I was directed
by one of the initiated. The northern terminal was at Mr.
Brown's office in New York, where I deposited my photo-
graph, as requested, and was instructed to present myself in
due course at a certain clothing store on South Pratt Street,
in Baltimore, where I was told to take the Leonardtown stage
at the Kimmel House, on Third Street, in Washington, and
proceed to Leonardtown, in St. Mary's County, Md., where
the proprietor of Brown's Hotel would tell me what to do
next.
When I took my seat, I found the vehicle loaded with male
passengers, who were obviously adventurers and recruits for
the Confederate army. The stage had proceeded as far as
Charlotte Hall, about halfway to Leonardtown, when it was
halted by some dragoons and detained. To my intuitive mind
it was clear that some special person in the party was in re-
quest and that person myself, and I at once gave the secret
service men of the government due praise for their acuteness
in spotting me. When all had dismounted, I ordered my
trunk sent up to the college, ostensibly on duty, where I pur-
chased a carpet sack from one of the students, packed my in-
dispensables in it, adding a silk dress pattern which I de-
signed for the wife of a leading banker in Richmond, Va.
(a relative of mine born in Maine), in the event of my safe
arrival there. I then expressed my trunk back to New York.
After a comfortable night at Charlotte Hall, rising at dawn,
I discovered a mule spike team about starting down the turn-
pike with what appeared to be a load of cornstalks. At once,
acting under the impulse of a newborn idea, I was able to
buy from one of the stable boys a suit of homespun not alto-
gether fashionable or clean. Then, smutching my hands and
face to a degree sufficient to constitute a corresponding dis-
guise, I secured permission from the teamster to stow my
carpet sack beneath the cornstalks. Changing places with him.
I took my place astride the wheel mule and, giving the lead
line a jerk, passed without challenge down the turnpike be-
tween the four dragoons who stood at the crossroads on the
watch. Later on I duly arrived at Leonardtown, where 1
found the town in charge of a company of Federal troops.
Driving up the street, according to directions, to an old-
fashioned country tavern kept by one Brown, I took my seat
on a long bench in front and was hardly at rest when a man.
whom I correctly surmised to be the landlord, sauntered by,
asking my name sotto voce as he passed. Revealing my
identity, I soon obtained possession of my carpet sack and.
appearing at the hotel in approved traveler's garb, was in-
ducted into comfortable quarters. After supper, while I was
sitting in the office, the sergeant of the military company,
accompanied by two privates, paid us a visit. The shrewd
landlord, being well up in his part, divined their purpose
and, after an interchange of commonplace remarks, said:
"How would you like a glass of cider?" "All right," said
the sergeant. The landlord at once opened the door to the
cellar stairs and with the remark, "After you is manners for
me," waved his hand with a friendly flourish and followed
his guests to the cellar. This gave me and some nine others
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
495
who had evidently foregathered on a common errand an op-
portunity to escape over the garden fence and down to the
boat landing (we were then at the head of Brittain*s Bay),
where we found a skiff with two pairs of muffled oars.
By this time the night was as dark as pitch, presaging a
storm. Our craft quickly disappeared into the gloom and had
made considerable headway when the whiz of a rifle ball close
at hand told that our sleuths had gotten on to our game and
in pretty accurate range. One or two more shots followed,
but after that nothing eventful happened during our three-
mile pull down the bay until we reached its debouchment
into the Potomac. There we were considerably at fault, for
the Federal gunboats which were patrolling the river had
been at utmost pains to break up all the small craft on both
sides belonging to Federals and Confederates alike, so as to
cut off all communication from side to side. However, we
came upon a leaky old seine boat which had belonged to a
fishing station and unearthed in the darkness a couple of
fishermen, who seemed to be expecting a nocturnal party, so
we asked if they were the men who wore to take us over.
By this time it had begun snowing, and only one of the men
consented to take an oar. The oars were really sweeps of
the crudest home manufacture, but under the circumstances
all of the party were glad to procure ferriage of any sort.
But no one could row. The upshot of the matter was that I
had to take the second oar myself. Our stroke oar turned
out to be an excellent pilot, as our difficult passage across the
river eventually proved. It took us several hours to cross,
starting at one o'clock after midnight and reaching Pope's
Creek, on the opposite shore, in the gray of the morning.
where we landed in about a foot of snow and made our way
to a farmhouse, where we were evidently expected. It was
a sorry trip for the "voyageurs," whose caloric had been pretty
thoroughly exhausted by the evaporation of the soft snow on
their persons during the long-continued sitting.
By this time the members of the company had become some-
what acquainted; fur misery, as well as joviality, makes com-
pany. The Israelites had several large trunks filled with
"gents' furnishing goods," on which they expected to make
big money, for Confederate money at that time, as we after-
wards learned, was thirteen for one in greenback currency.
Among the passengers were two Confederate officers return-
ing to their regiments, a couple of young fellows from Balti-
more on their way to join the Southern army, and others.
The officers, we found in <\uc time, were of high grade and
had been engaged on important secret service within the Fed-
eral lines.
We had hardly finished a comfortable breakfast at Farmer
Minell's when an alarm was raised that a squad of cavalry
was raiding the premises. Minell had already been raked off
by cavalry of both armies more than once, but had something
left in the way of forage as well as grub. "Sauve qui peut"
was the watchword forthwith — "save himself who can." I
betook myself to a convenient haystack, crawled under, made
myself as small as possible, and drew as much of the loose
material over me as I could ; and I had hardly gotten into
concealment before a horse was feeding off the stack with
imminent danger to my feet. However, the animal's appetite
was providentially small or the exigency pressing, for the
squad soon departed and left us at ease in mind and body.
We were quartered at this farmhouse for a couple of days.
until the snow melted off, when we were hauled by an ox team
across the Northern Neck of Virginia to the Rappahannock.
On the way over a startling episode occurred at an old two-
story brick warehouse used as a storehouse for grain. Both
floors were filled with sacks except where space was left
for an old-fashioned fireplace, in which ample logs were placed
and set ablaze for the comfort of our half-frozen crowd, for
the temperature was chilly enough at twenty above zero.
When we had become thawed out and comfortably warm, it
was but a short time before we were sleeping soundly. All
at once we were awakened by a sharp crack overhead and
made for the door in a rush for dear life, confident that the
floor above us would fall. Remaining outdoors until too
chilled to stay any longer, and hearing no further sounds or
signs, we ventured back to our beds on the sacks. We had
hardly become comfortably ensconced again when another
startling crash came, and the. performance was repeated with
even greater stress and tension. The building did not col-
lapse, however, and wc went hack and slept without further
disturbance until morning. An investigation then disclosed
the fact that the ends of the floor timbers above us had drawn
out from the mortises in both walls so that little more than
a half inch remained in place. But for that half inch we
would have been mashed as flat as a hoecake. We were
within one-half inch of death.
At the riverside we were picked up by a couple of Confed-
erate scouts in gray uniforms, who proceeded to take toll from
the Shecnies. They soon had us on the opposite side and on
our way to Confederate headquarters at Bowding Green, which
was some two miles from Milford Station, on the Fredericks-
burg and Potomac Railroad, and in command of Gen. Fitz-
hugh Lee. Fredericksburg had been captured not long previ-
ously, and the camp was filled with captured ordnance, am-
munition wagons, stores, and accontcrments of all sorts.
Being properly papered, ami accessions to the army being al-
ways welcome, all of us soon passed muster and in due course
of time arrived at Richmond over that portion of the railroad
which still remained within the Confederate lines.
Acting under individual instructions and losing sight of the
rest of our party, I went to the executive office, wdiere I was
acquainted, and obtained from General Winder a pass for
thirty days, giving me the freedom of the city without risk
of molestation from the recruiting officers, wdio patrolled the
streets, picking up unidentified strangers. During my sojourn
in Richmond 1 was able to transact the business for which 1
had incurred considerable personal risk in running the block-
ade, and I had the opportunity to see the noted Libby Prison,
with sentries patrolling the streets outside, having orders to
shoot any head which had the temerity to protrude itself
through a window. As to what happened subsequently in the
course of continued adventure — that is another chapter.
Appropriately given here are some of the passes given to
Mr. Hallock when sojourning in the South during the stirring
events of the sixties. He was a friend of General Winder's
son, known to be a man of Southern sympathy and connected
with journalistic enterprises in this section. It was in re-
sponse to inquiry as to how he secured such freedom of
movement after coming by the "hidden way to Dixie" that
he sent those precious bits of paper issued to him "upon
honor," from which the following arc copied:
"Headquarters Department of Henrico.
Richmond, Va., March 2, 1863.
"Charles Hallock has permission to pass unmolested in the
city for thirty days.
"By order of General Winder. W. S. Winder,
Assistant Adjutant General."
496
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
"Military Post, Provost Marshal's Office, Dept. No. 2,
Atlanta, Ga., March 9, 1863..
"Pass Charles Hallock to Richmond, Va., for two days,
upon honor not to communicate in writing or verbally for
publication any fact ascertained which, if known to the enemy,
might be injurious to the Confederate States of America,
subject to the discretion of military authorities.
"By order of G. W. Lee, commanding post and provost
marshal. J. S. Smith, Deputy Provost Marshal."
"Headquarters E. O., Fifth Congressional District,
Augusta, Ga., August 25, 1863.
"I certify that Charles Hallodc is exempt from conscrip-
tion as editor in the Chronicle and Sentinel office, Augusta.
He is five feet, nine inches high, blue eyes, light complexion,
auburn hair, and thirty years of age. R. A. Wood,
Captain and E. O. Fifth Congressional District."
"Headquarters Department of Henrico,
Richmond, Va., August 31, 1863.
"Mr. Charles Hallock, a citizen of Georgia, having taken
the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States, and being
pledged not to reveal, either directly or indirectly, any in-
formation that may benefit the enemy, is hereby permitted to
pass beyond the limits of the Confederate States, subject, how-
ever, to such delay and restrictions as may be imposed by
the military authorities. Not to pass into the United States,
but to leave Confederate States by sea subject to the control of
the commanding of the port from which he sails.
John H. Winder. Brigadier General."
"Executive Office, Richmond, September 2, 1863.
"Leutis Heglyer, Esq., Agent Confederate States, Nassau —
My Dear Sir: Let me present to you my friend, Mr. Charles
Hallock, proceeding to Halifax to purchase materia! for his
publishing business in Augusta, Ga., where he edits a peace
journal.
"Any civility you show Mr. Hallock will be fully appre-
ciated.
"Very truly and respectfully yours,
William M. Browne,
Colonel and A. D. C. to the President."
"MR. COMMISSARY BANKS."
BY JOHN C STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
Gen. Nathaniel Banks was a warrior after my own heart,
as he never knew when he was whipped ; and although his
superiors acknowledged the fact of his being bested on sev-
eral occasions, not so the doughty General, who, in his own
mind, was always the winner.
On May 24, 1862, he wrote Secretary Stanton : "My advance
guard entered Winchester this p.m. with all of our stores and
trains in safety. I shall return to Strasburg with my com-
mand immediately." He did not return instanter, however,
as on June 12 he reported from Winchester: "I have never
thought of falling back and shall not fall back an inch."
He changed his mind considerably on this point, as his re-
port, after being on the safe side of the Potomac, shows a
retreat of at least that far. This communication reads as fol-
lows: "It is seldom that a river-crossing of such magnitude
was achieved with greater success. There were never more
grateful hearts in the same number of men than when, at mid-
day of the 26th, we stood on the opposite shore. My com-
mand had not suffered an attack and rout, but had accom-
plished a premeditated march of nearly sixty miles in the face
of the enemy, defeating his plans and giving him battle wher-
ever he was found."
However, he admits the fact that they were extremely thank-
ful to be across the river; and while he did not defeat Jack-
son, he upset his plans by moving so rapidly that the greater
portion of the Union army made their escape.
The following extracts from reports made by Banks's subor-
dinates go to show that his premeditated march was rapid
enough to prove that part of his report which states that he
gave the enemy battle wherever he was found.
Colonel Parham, 29th Pennsylvania, says : "They fired after
me, but I had no time to stop. The road was strewn with
baggage, broken wagons, horses, etc."
Major Vought, 5th New York Cavalry : "We cut our way
through and fled. When about three miles from the battle
field I halted my horse and tried to rally the men, but could
not do so with much success."
Lieutenant Rowley, 28th New York: "A portion of our
troops retreated in considerable disorder."
Captain Collis, commanding Banks's bodyguard of Zouaves
D'Afrique (negroes) : "By an intervention of a generous God
we reached assistance. My men, incredulous as it may seem,
marched one hundred and forty-one miles in forty-seven
hours." (Some very fancy stepping for the "coons"; they
must have run around in circles.)
Colonel De Forest, 5th New York Cavalry : "Infantry, cav-
alry, and wagons were streaming back in wild confusion along
the road and in the fields as far as the eye could reach." He
further stated that he got in with a mixed mass of every
branch of the service, including sutlers and telegraph operators.
Lieutenant Colonel Babbitt, 8th New York Cavalry: "We
were thrown into some confusion. The columns were not re-
formed ; part went down the pike, and part took in the rail-
way."
Gen. Alpheus Williams, U. S. A.: "The men did not run,
but were rapidly retiring in disordered ranks."
Lieutenant Peabody, 1st New York Light Artillery: "The
flight became general, and it was with difficulty that we could
prevent the infantry from loading our carriages down com-
pletely."
Lieutenant Colonel Brown, 28th New York: "We have
reason to be grateful to kind Providence and applaud the skill
and energy of our commanding officer for the miraculous es-
cape from utter annihilation."
Colonel Silas Colgrove, 27th Indiana: "The retreat, in spite
of every effort, ended in disorder to some extent."
Lieutenant Colonel Andrews, 2d Massachusetts: "We
marched without foot or rest for thirty-four miles."
Captain Zulich, 29th Pennsylvania : "We found numerous
officers and men missing; but many have rejoined since, hav-
ing taken to the woods and crossed the river under many dif-
ficulties."
General Saxton, U. S. A. : "General Banks's army is dis-
organized and in full retreat."
And yet, with full knowledge of all of this, General Banks
won a victory by doing as McClellan did later — making a
"masterly change of base.''
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
497
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOUTH IX THE FORMA-
TION OF OUR GOVERNMENT.
BY J. R. GIBBONS, BAUXITE, ARK.
[Response to a toast at a banquet of the Sons of the Ameri-
can Revolution, Little Rock, Ark., February 22. 1916.]
At our annual meeting of the Sons of the American Revo-
lution last year two Daughters of the American Revolution
were discussing the patriotism of our people from a sectional
viewpoint and the section which had done most and stood
highest in the formation of our government. To my very
great surprise, one of them said that the Pilgrims stood first,
and she placed the Cavaliers of Virginia fourth. The pride
manifested by the speaker was hardly equal to my commisera-
tion of her ignorance of facts.
The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock "with a pen in one
hand and an inkstand in the other," and they have been writ-
ing the history of the United States ever since. While I
commend their effort to preserve and record every historical
event, they should give the truth or not write at all, It has
been must unfortunate for the South thai she lias written no
history and that the great events of her section have not been
recorded by Southern writers, but have been given to the
world by those ignorant of the facts, on the one hand, or some-
times given in malice. These historians have greatly magni-
fied ibe small events happening in the North, while achieve-
ment- of much greater importance in the South have not been
mentioned. It is not unusual for historians or writers of
historical articles for magazines and papers in the North to
misrepresent the South in order to make their productions
more popular. 1 have read that some schoolbooks used in
the North teach that the first settlement at Jamestown was
altogether of men. and in order to get wives they imported
negro women and thus started the colony.
The Encyclopedia Britannica (ninth edition"). Volume I..
page 710. says: "Since the Revolutionary <la\s the few think-
ers of America born south of Mason and Dixon's line — out-
numbered by those belonging to the single State of Massa-
chusetts— have commonly migrated to New York or Boston in
se.11 eb of a university training. In the world of letters, at
least, the Southern States have shone bj reiki ted light; nor
is it too much to say that mainly brj their connection with
the North the Carolinas have been saved from sinking to
the level of Mexico or the Antilles. Like the Spartan mar-
'shaling his helots, the planter lounging among his slaves was
made dead to art. It has flourished freely only in a free soil,
and lor almost all its vitality and aspirations we must turn to
New England."
< I shade of Diogenes'. That the South should turn to New
England for its source of intellect and virtue, to a people so
righteous that a man could not kiss his wife on Sunday, but
could burn witches, hang heretics, and manufacture wooden
nutmegs on Monday!
Did Edgar Vllan 1'oc, our greatest poet, go to Boston for
inspiration to write "The Raven"?
Did Paul Hamilton Hayne or James Ryder Randall or Sid-
ney Lanier or Theodore OTIara or James Barron Hope or
Alexander D Meek or Father Ryan or Richard Henry Wilde
or Robert Y. Hayne or Henry Timrod go to Boston for in-
spiration? And has the whole North, with two-thirds of the
territory, poets and authors that will exceed these in number
and brilliancy?
Suppose the benighted Carolinian had gone to Boston, what
would he have found?
Bancroft's "History of the United Stales," the author a
Northern man, says: "The magistrates, William Stoughton
being one of the judges, and all holding commissions ex-
clusively from the English king, with a 'vigor' which the
united ministers commended as 'just,' made a discovery of the
wicked instrument of the devil. The culprit was evidently a
wild Irish woman of a strange tongue. Goodwin, who made
the complaint, 'bad no proof that could have done her any
hurt'; but 'the scandalous old hag,' whom some thought
'crazed in her intellectuals.' was bewildered and made strange
answers, which were taken as confessions. Accordingly, she
was condemned as a witch and executed." (Page 92 Volume
II.)
Cotton Mather said : "Men count it wisdom to credit noth-
ing but what thej see and feel. They never saw any witches:
therefore there are none." "Witchcraft," he shouted from
the pulpit, "is the most nefarious high treason against the
Majesty on high, a capital crime." "A witch is not to be
endured in heaven or on earth." (Page 92, Volume II.)
"Further," said Cotton Mather, "ministers ought to concern
themselves in politics." But their political mission was ac-
complished. It could be ; o„]y by aid of a supersti-
tious veneration. To check free inquiry the cry of witch-
craft was raised, and "rebellion." it was said, "is as the sin
of witchcraft; rebellion was the Achan, the trouble of all."
I Page 93, Volume II.)
"But Parris had preached against Rebecca Xurse and prayed
against her and had caused her sisters to be imprisoned for
their honorable sympathy. She must perish, or the delusion
v\ is unveiled, and the Governor recalled the reprieve. On
the next communion day she was taken in chains to the meet-
inghouse to be formally excommunicated by Noyes, her min-
ister, and on the 19th of July was hanged with the rest."
(Page 93. Volume II.)
"Among the witnesses against Martha Carrier, the mother
saw her own children. Her two sons refused to perjure them-
Si Ives till they had been tied, neck and heels, so long that their
blood was ready to gush from them. The confession of her
daughter, a child seven years old. is still preserved." (Page
97. Volume II.)
"Already twenty persons had been put to death for witch-
craft; fifty-five had been tortured or terrified into penitent
confessions. * * * The jails were full. Yet the zeal of
Stoughton was unabated. * * * A pious thankfulness to
God for justice being so far executed among us." (Page 97,
Volume II.)
Strange logic! Witchcraft was a crime meriting death, but
one confessing her guilt was released: hence by confessing
that she was a witch she was not a witch! There is another
account in which women's tongues were seared with hot irons
in order to make them confess the crime of witchcraft.
The sun is the source of all heat and light— Boston. The
sun shines on the moon, and we have the reflected light — the
Carolinas.
Was it in moonshine or sunshine that a law was made pre-
scribing that a person if once convicted of being a Quaker
should lose one ear. if twice so convicted should lose another
ear, and if convicted the third time was to be bored through
the tongue with a red-hot iron ?
Was it in moonshine or in sunshine that a penalty was in-
flicted on any one who entertained a Quaker, and men and
women were banished on pain of death and hanged for being
Quakers :
Was it in moonshine or in sunshine that decrepit old men
498
Qoijfederat^ Ueterap.
were hanged and pressed to death, and pure, innocent women
were torn from their children and jailed and hanged as
witches?
Was it in moonshine or in sunshine that children were tied,
neck and heels together, till the blood was ready to gush from
them, to make them swear falsely against their own mother,
accused of being a witch?
Was it here or there that men were hanged for denying the
existence of witchcraft? And were they of the North or of
the South, of Massachusetts or the Carolinas, "the preachers
and judges who incited and applauded the jailing and ban-
ishing and torturing and slaughtering of Quakers and witches"
and "the people who were wont to go from church, from the
altar of God, to the public whipping post to see women
whipped on the bare back"?
And where was it that negro children were sold by the
pound like so much beef or bacon? (See Mrs. Earle's "Cus-
toms and Fashions in Old New England.")
And was it by the light of the sun or the light of the moon
that an unborn negro baby was advertised for sale? (See
"Independent Chronicle," Boston, December 28, 1780.)
To each and all of these questions history, with its in-
exorable, unerring pen, answers "Massachusetts." And it was
only a few years ago that the skins of persons who had died
as inmates of almshouses were tanned and made into articles
of merchandise to make these paragons of righteousness rich.
Who said this? The Governor of Massachusetts.
During the first winter of the Revolution, when Washing-
ton was straining every nerve to keep his army in front of
Boston, in writing from Cambridge to a trusted friend, after
telling of the lack of powder and arms and money, he said :
"These are evils, but small in comparison to those which dis-
turb my present repose. To be plain," he continues, "these
people are not to be depended on." He further adds : "Not-
withstanding all the public virtue which is ascribed to these
people, there is no nation under the sun that pays greater
adoration to money than they do."
Alexander Grayson, a Revolutionary soldier of Pennsyl-
vania, says : "It appears that the sordid spirit of gain is the
vital principle of this part of the army." He was referring
to the army around Boston.
Mr. Livingston, referring to New England, says : "They
are avaricious and venal, looking always for gain."
When Talleyrand visited Philadelphia for the purpose of
meeting the great Washington, it is reported that a Maine
citizen preferred that he "see Mr. Bingham, who, they say,
is so rich." Washington was a small man because he was
not rich.
William Ellery Channing, on visiting Richmond, Va., said :
"I blush for my own people when I compare the selfish pru-
dence of a Yankee with the generous confidence of a Vir-
ginian. There is one single trait which attaches me to the
people here more than all the virtues of New England: they
love money less than we do ; they are more disinterested ;
their patriotism is not tied to their purse strings."
Much later William Cullen Bryant, of Massachusetts,
wrote : "The South certainly has the advantage over us in
the point of manners."
Charles Ingersoll says: "Political virtue is much more im-
portant to the public than private virtue, which has become
less and less common in the North, but did not decay in the
South. The patriotic South produced more truly independent
spirits than the North."
William S. Seward, upon visiting the Legislature of Vir-
ginia, said : "I thought that the intelligence, capacity, man-
ners, and the tone of debates, as well as the dress and car-
riage of the members, excelled our own" (the New York
Legislature).
Edmund Burke said : "These people of the Southern colo-
nies are much more strongly, and with a hunger and a more
stubborn spirit, attached to liberty than those of the North-
ward."
"The gallantry of the Southern men has inspired the whole
army," said Adjutant General Reed, of New Jersey, in the
Long Island campaign of 1776.
The South never produced a Benedict Arnold.
If there is any people or section of the United States that
exhibited in that period less of the spirit of Christ and more
of the spirit of the devil than these Puritans, I should like to
be informed. The Indians were less savage, and Roger
Williams, the great Baptist minister, fled to them for pro-
tection. What a contrast in Virginia's treatment of the In-
dian ! "The Virginians proposed to educate the children of
the Iroquois at their public schools." ("Bancroft's History,"
Volume II., page 240.)
You will probably say that I ought not to make these
dreadful charges against the Puritans. My answer is : In the
first place, they should not have been guilty of the crimes ;
in the second place, the Virginians are as ashamed of them
as they ought to be. I have simply given you the history as
written by a Northern man and should not have done so had
it not been for the libelous charges made against Virginia
and the South, because the most of the South and the South-
west was settled by Virginians.
The Virginians didn't make a practice of burning and hang-
ing witches and dissenters nor of publicly ducking women.
During the reign of Charles II. a successful rebellion led
by Cromwell overthrew the royal government. In this war
the poorer and illiterate classes adhered to Cromwell, who
conducted a fanatical religious war. The landed gentry,
wealth, and intelligence of England were loyal to Charles.
The result of Cromwell's fanatical religious war brought into
existence the "round heads," or "Puritans," of England.
These people, not being allowed free license to practice their
fanatical ideas, went to Holland. Having no more liberties in
Holland than they had in England, they migrated to America,
where every man would be allowed to "worship God accord-
ing to the dictates of his own conscience." They sailed for
America in the famous Mayflower, and from the claims made
by the descendants of these people the Mayflower must have
had a passenger list of many thousands. The success of
Cromwell caused many thousands of the best people — men of
wealth and culture and property — to flee from England. It
was some of this class of people who came to Virginia.
Charles II., a fugitive from England, was yet the sovereign
of Virginia. "Virginia was whole for monarchy." She was
the last country belonging to England that submitted to the
obedience of the commonwealth, from which she acquired the
name of "Old Dominion."
The seeds of dissension between the Puritans and Cavaliers
of England were planted during the Cromwellian Revolution
in England. The revolution grew and grew and was nur-
tured by those fanatical Pilgrims until it flowered in blood
on the plains of Manassas in July, 186 1. It was the self-
righteousness of those Pilgrims, their self-conceit and in-
tolerance of the opinion of every one else, that made a gulf
between the North and the South. Those Puritans were so
righteous that their laws compelled every man, woman, and
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
499
child to go to church on Sunday and forbade levity ; but
they could swap their Indian prisoners captured in war to
the Moors for negro slaves, because, as they claimed, the
"negro is more tractable" than the Indian.
Boston, assumed to be the "hub of the universe" and the
source of all that is good, and the Pilgrims who settled at
Plymouth Rock, in the opinion of the lady who expressed
herself a year ago, were first and foremost in the upbuilding
of our government. Let us see.
In 1742 the Spanish made an attack on the colony of Geor-
gia. General Oglethorpe, with only two small ships and but
six hundred and eighty-two Georgians, defeated a Spanish
fleet of fifty-six vessels and five thousand men in a great
victory at Bloody Marsh. The decisive battle of Bloody
Marsh put an end forever to the Spanish invasion of America.
Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, in 1 753. learning that
the French were encroaching upon Virginia's territory along
the Ohio River, sent George Washington, of Virginia, to de-
mand that the French withdraw their forces. They refused,
and Washington was sent to enforce the Governor's orders.
He surprised them at Great Meadows and killed their com-
mander. While this battle of Great Meadows was only a
skirmish, it was the beginning of the end of France's power
in America, which ended with the peace of Paris signed in
1763. This battle of Great Meadows when mentioned in
Northern histories is only referred to as a little skirmish, and
the great political importance is not considered. William
Makepeace Thackeray said of this battle: "It is strange that
in a savage forest a young Virginia officer should fire a shot
and wake up a war which was to last sixty years and cost
France all of her American colonics and sever all of ours
from us and, indeed, create a great Western republic."
How much consequence is given the battles of Bloody
Marsh and Great Meadows in Northern histories or of Moore's
Creek Bridge, in North Carolina, which was fought several
years before the Boston Tea Tarty?
I he battle of Great Bridges, near Norfolk, Ya.. December
i), 1773. when the Virginians engaged five hundred British and
killed, wounded, and captured one hundred and two — you
hear very little of that. Vet at Lexington, where nineteen
patriots gathered and were driven away by the British — our
Northern patriots build monuments and sing pasans over this
wonderful achievement.
And what importance is given to the decisive battle of the
Revolution fought at King's Mountain, chiefly by Tennessee-
ans, Virginians, and North Carolinians, and who were the
heroes? Sevier and Shelby, of Tennessee, and Campbell, of
Virginia.
Much is said about Concord, in the North, but you hear
very little of the two hundred patriots who fought at Ala-
mance, or of the seizure of Sullivan's Island by William
Thompson, of South Carolina, or of the capture of Charleston
b) Moultrie, or of Ramsour's Mill.
Not only did the South, but particularly Virginia, furnish
the iin ivi illustrious generals and statesmen of the Revolu-
tion.irv period, hut the South, with less population, furnished
more than one-half of those who fought in the armies. Nor
did the Southern men engage only in battles fought in the
South, but Virginians fought in every great battle on North-
ern soil.
\ Virginian was commander in chief of the army, and
J. ones Nicholson, of Virginia, was made commander in chief
of the navy. Southern men were appointed to arm the colo-
nies, and George Mason, of Virginia, gave the Declaration
of Rights.
The hero at Trenton and at Monmouth was a Virginian.
The hero of Saratoga was Gen. Daniel Morgan, of Vir-
ginia, and Burgoyne said his men feared above everything
else the riflemen of General Morgan, of the Shenandoah.
A Virginian, Janus Madison, wrote the Constitution, and
Gladstone said it was the greatest State paper ever written.
In the war between England and France the latter country-
expected the United States to return the help given her in our
war for independence. Mr. Allaben says : "Then came forth
a ruddy little David (the United States) against these two
Goliaths (England and France) and took three little stones-
(.Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe) from the brook of free-
dom, defended our rights, and established the principle that
a nation could remain neutral and at peace." And upon these
principles stands our President to-day.
Georgia sent the first schooner against the British, and
Habersham, of Georgia, seized all the powder in the maga-
zine at Savannah, besides fourteen thousand pounds captured
in a British ship, and sent it to be used at Bunker Hill, Con-
cord, and Boston.
Hanson, of Maryland, organized the first troops to fight
for American independence.
The heroes of the battle of Kettle Creek were Elijah Clark,
of Georgia, and Pickens, of South Carolina.
The hero of Hanging Rock was Sumter, of South Carolina.
The heroes of Cowpens were Morgan and William Wash-
ington, of Virginia, in which battle Cornwallis lost one-third
of his army.
The hero of Yorktown was Thomas Nelson, of Virginia.
The "Swamp Fox" of the Revolution was Francis Marion,
of South Carolina.
The "Game Cock" of the Revolution was Sumter, of South
Carolina.
The great cavalryman of the Revolution was Light-Horse
Harry Lee, of Virginia.
John Paul Jones, of Virginia, hoisted on his ship, the
Ranger, the first American flag to float on our seas.
Bancroft, a Northern historian, said: "South Carolina en-
dured more, suffered more, and achieved more than any of
the colonies." And Reed, of Massachusetts, testified that "the
gallantry of Southern men inspired the whole army."
Not only were the Southern statesmen much more promi-
nent in the forming of our government in the colonial period
and in fighting for the establishment of our independence, but
they have done infinite!] more since in building up our country
and in maintaining our Constitution than was done by the
North.
In 1803, when Jefferson, backed by Southern men. was en-
deavoring to secure that immense and valuable territory
known afterwards as the "Louisiana Purchase," a domain
larger than the original thirteen States, what position did
the Pilgrims take in the matter? Daniel Webster said:
"What do we want with this vast worthless area, this region
of savages and wild beasts, of deserts of whirling sand and
whirlwinds of dust, of cactus and prairie dogs? To what use
could we ever hope to put these great deserts or those end-
less mountain ranges, impenetrable and covered to their very
base with eternal snow? What can we ever do with the
Western coast of eight thousand miles, rockbound, cheerless.
uninviting, and not a harbor on it? Mr. President, I will
never vote one cent from the public treasury to place the
Pacific one inch nearer Boston than it now is."
SOO
^oi)federat<^ l/eterai).
The mouthpiece of Plymouth at that time, Josiah Quincy,
opposed the movement, saying that "as it will be the right
of all the States, so it will be the duty of some, to prepare
definitely for a separation, amicably if we can, violently if
we must."
A little later, when the English had captured and condemned
nine hundred and seventeen American vessels, with their car-
goes, and impressed over five thousand seamen, and the gov-
ernment, in the hands of Southern men, determined to stop
it, what was the attitude of New England? She refused
absolutely to furnish a single man for the armies and under
the influence of an English spy was arranging either to se-
cede from the Union or go back to British allegiance. She
appointed delegates to meet at a convention to be held in
Hartford and resolved that "States which have no common
umpire must be their own judges and execute their own de-
cisions," and she would likely have seceded had not the war
immediately closed.
I am referring now to New England, which is claimed to
have done so much for the building up of our country. At
this time Canada would have been annexed to the United
States had it not been for the New England opposition.
And do Northern histories tell us much of the Mexican
Cession by Nicholas Trist, of Virginia, in 1848, and the Gads-
den Purchase by James Gadsden, of South Carolina, in 1853,
or who secured the great territory of which Idaho, Oregon,
Washington, parts of Montana and Wyoming, 300.000 square
miles, under Polk's administration— two brave young Vir-
ginians, Meriwether Lewis and George Clark?
And Florida, a territory of 59,000 square miles, was secured
for little more than ten cents per acre from Ferdinand VII.
by James Monroe, of Virginia. Texas was acquired by Presi-
dent Polk, backed by Southern influence altogether, and with
great opposition from the Pilgrims of the North.
The Mexican War was fought very largely by Southern
men. The two generals who made reputations— Scott, of
Virginia, and Taylor, originally of Virginia, but later on of
New Orleans— commanded the armies.
We have seen that the independence of our thirteen original
States was secured very largely by Southern valor and states-
manship, and every foot of the territory that has been added
since, except Alaska, was through Southern effort, opposed
by New England.
Alaska was acquired in 1862 under a Southern man, Andrew
Johnson, of Tennessee, then President. Even then a North-
ern statesman said of Alaska: "It is a country fit only for a
polar bear garden."
The State of Virginia produced the only generals that are
recognized abroad as such— Washington, Lee, and Jackson.
James Madison, of Virginia, wrote the Constitution and
did more in forming the Federal Union than any man in
America.
John Marshall, the greatest jurist, was a Virginian.
The "Peerless Orator' of the Revolution, Patrick Henry,
was a Virginian.
A Virginian, Edmund Randolph, drew up a "Proclamation
of Neutral Laws" in 1793. This document was rewritten h
Madison, of Virginia, and was recognized as the highest code
of international law and became the law of the land and of
the civilized world.
The South has done more to make our common territory
the property of all the people than any other section.
Virginia gave to the United States all that territory norf
west of the Ohio River of which the States of Ohio, Indiana.
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota are
formed, and gave it to the United States for the sake of har-
mony and thus became the "Mother of States," as she was
already the "Mother of Statesmen."
As to Southern originality, let us see if the South was not
first in something.
The first public circulating library was at Annapolis, Md.
A Southern State — Maryland — was the first to secure re-
ligious liberty by organic law.
The first Sunday school established in America was a'
Savannah, Ga., by John Wesley, ten years before Robert
Raikes started his school in England.
The first college established in America was William and
Mary, at Williamsburg, Va.
The first American to establish schools exclusively for the
education of young women was a Southern man, John Lyle,
of Virginia.
The first chartered female college in the world is the Wes-
leyan Female College, Macon, Ga.
The first postgraduate medical school in this country was
established by a Southern physician and surgeon, Dr. John
A. Wyeth, of Alabama.
The first college of dental surgery in the world was in a
Southern city.
The first man in the United States to receive the degree
of Doctor of Medicine was a Southern man, Dr. John Archer,
of Maryland.
The man who gave us a "new science," said Humboldt, who
mapped the ocean currents and trade winds, who gave us a
treatise on navigation, and who was knighted by all civilized
nations, was Matthew Fontaine Maury, of Virginia.
It was a Southern man who originated the plan for splicing
the cable in midocean — Dr. James C. Palmer, of Maryland.
It was a Southern man who was declared by the French
Academy of Science to have done more for the cause of
agriculture than any other living man, and that man was
Cyrus H. McCormick, of Virginia.
The inventor of the Gatling gun, which was named for him,
was a Southern man.
The first boat propelled by steam, which was on the Po-
tomac River, at Shepherdstown, Va., was invented by a South-
ern man, James Rumsey, of Maryland, who was encouraged
in his .operations by George Washington ; also Judge Long-
street, of Georgia, invented and operated a steamboat on the
Savannah River before Robert Fulton built his.
The first steamship that crossed the Atlantic sailed from
Savannah, Ga., was built by the citizens of that city, and the
engine was constructed by a Southern man, Daniel Dod, of
Virginia.
The inventor of the first comprehensive system of ciphers
used by the Associated Press was Alexander Jones, M.D.,
of North Carolina.
The first pyrotechnic system of signals in the United States
was discovered by one Henry J. Rogers, of Maryland.
The original fire extinguishers were invented by William
A. Graham, of Virginia.
The international fog signals were invented by a Southern
man, Samuel P. Griffin, of Georgia
The founder and organizer of the United States Naval
Academy was a Southern man, Franklin Buchanan, of Mary-
land.
Also the United States Naval Observatory was organized
and constructed by a Southern man, James Melville Gilliss.
Qopfederat^ tfeterai).
501
The discoverer of ovariotomy was Ephraim McDowell, of
Virginia.
The first use of sulphuric ether to produce anaesthesia for
surgical operations was by Dr. Crawford W. Long, of Georgia.
The discovery of oxygen in the sun by photography was by
Henry Draper, of Virginia.
The first to perform the hip joint amputation in the United
States was by Dr. Walter Brashear, of Kentucky.
The man to whom the world is indebted for one of the most
notable modern advances in the art of surgery, "the bloodless
method of Wyeth," is Dr. John A. Wyeth, of Alabama.
The world's greatest gynecologist was a Southern man, .1
Marion Sims, of South Carolina.
The most learned American mineralogist was John Law-
ri ni 1 Smith, of South Carolina.
The greatest American naturalist was Vudubon, of Louisi-
ana.
Gorrie, of Florida, was the first to manufacture ice.
The first woman in the world to receive a college diploma
was a Southern woman. Miss Brewer, of Georgia.
\No the first woman in the world to direct and conduct
a great daily political newspaper was a Southern woman,
Mrs Eliza J. Nicholson, of the New Orleans Picayune.
Virginia, at Jamestown and Williamsburg, her capital, held
rst popular assembly. She had the first constitution,
the first trial by jury, the first endowed college, the first
schoolhouse, the first school for Indians, the first mission-
aries to Indians, the first to have a marriage ceremony, and
the first to have a Thanksgiving Day — 1609. (I doubt that
there are a dozen people in New England who do not honestly
believe that our Thanksgiving custom originated there.") Vir-
ginia had the first hospital and the first orphan asylum, was the
I'n-i to Christianize negroes, the first to take a stand for
liberty of conscience, the first to have a free library, the first
t" have free schools, tin first to have a colonial currency, the
first to write a book, the first to have a courthouse and a post
office, the first to build a ship, the first to build a Masonic
temple, the first to leave a legacy to the poor, and the first
in many other things.
I lie cotton gin was invented in the South by Whitney, a
Northern man. hut he got his ideas from a Georgian, Judge
I ongstreet, and the lady with whom he hoarded.
The first sewing machine was invented in the South
'in. Dr. Goulding, and his wife. Mrs. Frances Goulding.
the 'list lady to use a sewing machine.
The first book written on tin- Vmerican continent was
Whitaker's "Good Newes," although it was printed in
land. Edwin Sandys, however, wrote the first book printed
in America, but it was printed on a New England press.
Dryden said Sandys was the best versifier of his age, and
Alexander Pope said the
I lie first literary society in the United States was estab
lished in Charleston. S. C, in 1748 and exists to-day. and
these South Carolinians are not depending on Boston for its
contributions.
Boston makes much of her "Tea Party," yet this wonderful
exploit did not add much glory, it seems to me. to Boston.
A few men disguised as Indians went aboard a vessel in the
harbor and threw a lot of tea overboard, and when they sup-
d the British were coming they ran and hid. This per-
formance took place under cover of darkness. The idea Wat
to defy British authority, and. instead of going openly in
0 daylight and throwing the tea overboard, they tried to
implicate the "poor Indians" in their own crime. Such ac-
tion would have been deemed cowardly by Virginians and
Carolinians.
There was another tea party which took place at Annapolis,
Md. On that occasion the Peggy Stewart, a brig owned by
Anthony Stewart, came into port laden with tea consigned to
Messrs. Williams and Company. The citizens of Annapolis
called a meeting and passed resolutions censuring those men
and calling all the people of the country to get together at
a meeting. They discussed it, and all of the papers pub-
lished accounts of it. When the meeting assembled on the
19th of October, they required James Williams and Joseph
Williams and Anthony Stewart to sign a most humiliating
paper and then towed the vessel to Windmill Point, and Mr.
\111l10nv Stewart was made to put a torch to her and burn
her up. There was nothing done under rover in this case.
There was also a tea party at Charleston when two hundred
and fifty-seven chests of tea were thrown overboard in broad
daylight, all concerned in it being known; and in Savannah
two ships, the Diligence and the Viper, bearing hated stamps,
were not allowed to land.
Vm see, 11 was From :i different viewpoint that the South
looked at duty and honor from that of New England. The
Boston Tea Parn wis .1 small affair to have had so much
made of it, hut il that that section had so little upon
which to build a Temple of Fame that it must magnify what
11 had, For instance, that wonderful ride of Paul Revere.
in which he rode a fine horse nearly twentj miles mi a fine
road, in fine weather, to warn the Americans of the approach
.if the British, lie was paid for doing this, and the receipt
[01 the money is in one of the museums in Bo
\ far more heroic ride was that of John Jouett, of Vir-
ginia, when he rode forty miles between midnight an.'
to notify the Virginia Assembly at Charlottesville of a
planned attack made by Colonel Tarlton. Nor was Paul
Kcvcrc's ride as heroic as that of Edward Lacy, of I ouisiana,
who learned that Ferguson's men were planning to a
King's Mountain and rode thirty miles after midnight to
warn Shelby and Sevier. And what resulted? King's Moun-
tain was an American victory and became the turning point
in the American Revolution.
Xor was Rcvere's little paid ride anything like as hi
is that of Samuel hale, of Mississippi, who was sent by tin
nor of Georgia to deliver a dispatch at once to General
Jackson at New Orleans. Dale, mounted on a little Georgia
pony, rode five hundred miles in eight days to New Orleans,
ral Jackson offered to supply a relay of horses for use
on his return, but Dale refused, and rode his Georgia pony
back the five hundred miles fn eight days and was so nearly
frozen wdien he reached Milledgcville that he had to be lit-
erally lifted from his pony. That was a her.ue rid
Paul Revere's ride could not be compared with that of little
Ruth Sevier, who, learning from an Indian playmate that the
Indians and Tories were planning an attack on W
mounted a one-eyed, sore-backed horse and, with only a rope
for a bridle, rode miles through the dark forest, passing
British spies, and thus saved Tennessee in her hour of danger.
Nor does Paul Rcvere's ride compare with that of another
Southern girl. Agnes Hobson, who carried important dis-
patches from General Heard, of Georgia, to Gen. Nathaniel
Greene in South Carolina, hiding the papers in her hair. Dis-
guised as an old woman, for three days spending the nights
at farmhouses in the enemy's country, she actually took her
life into her own hands for the love of her country and de-
livered the dispatches to our American commander.
502
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
And then a South Carolina girl, of "reflected light," Emily
Gieger, when captured by the British with a dispatch, before
a woman could search her, read the dispatch, chewed up the
paper, and swallowed it.
Another exploit of a Southern girl even more daring was
that of Sarah Dillard, who, after cooking supper for the
British, Colonel Ferguson and his men, and being told by
Ferguson that he was going to Cedar Springs to surprise
the camp of the patriots before daylight, slipped out of the
back door while the British were eating, bridled a young
horse, rode away bareback, and galloped through the wilder-
ness until nearly daylight the next morning to notify the
patriots of the coming of Ferguson.
A still more daring deed of a South Carolina woman is
told of Rosanna Farrow, a widow, who, being informed that
Colonel Cruger, a British officer, would execute her three
sons the next morning at sunup, and having no other horse
to ride, bridled and saddled an unbroken, wild black colt that
had never been ridden, snatched a rifle from the wall, and
rode through the wild and uninhabited country all night and
the next day and most of the next night before she reached
the British camp and saved her sons from execution.
We can even cite the slaves as exercising more patriotism
than Paul Revere. Instance the case of "Mammy Kate,"
who, when her master, Gov. Stephen Heard, of Georgia, was
a prisoner in the hands of the British, went to their camp and
engaged in washing clothes for the officers. She planned, of
her own initiative, to rescue her master by putting him in a
large clothes basket, taking the basket, apparently full of
soiled clothes, upon her head, and walking out of camp with
her arms akimbo. She had tied the Governor's favorite
horses, Silver Heels and Lightfoot, in the woods near the
camp, and after getting out of sight of the camp she let down
her basket, and the Governor and herself ran for the horses
and made their escape.
O Fame, where is thy temple?
[In preparing this speech, reference was made to "Historical
Sins of Omission and Commission," by Miss Mildred Ruther-
ford, Historian General U. D. C, much of which is used
verbatim. Other references were to "Methodist Union," by
Dr. W. P. Harrison ; "Some Truths of History," by T. K.
Oglesby; and "Grandmother Stories from the Land of Used-
to-Be," by Howard M. Lovett.]
News of Fifty Years Ago. — Now that Congressmen and
others in Washington have had time to calmly consider all of
the speeches and harangues that have been made on the sub-
ject since the President vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau bill, it
is the consensus of opinion that the speech the President made
on the 22d is the most important utterance, either written or
oral, that has come from him, in that it proves, without the
shadow of a doubt, the perfect fallacy of any hopes that have
existed of a compromise between the executive and legislative
branches of the government. His mention of the "trio of
revolutionists," known to mean Stevens, Sumner, and Wendell
Phillips, brings down the ire of many of their friends in the
departments, and the radicals of all grades are growing more
bitter as the days go by. — Richmond (Va.) Dispatch, February
g$, 1866.
THE SUMTER RUNS THE MISSISSIPPI BLOCKADE.
[In that wonderfully interesting narrative of "Service
Afloat," Admiral Raphael Semmes, C. S. N., vividly de-
scribes the operations of the ships he commanded so proudly
and so successfully despite the efforts of the superior navy of
the United States. In the following chapter from his book he
tells of his first experience in blockade-running after taking
command of the Sumter, the first Confederate ship of war,
with which he took many prizes — seven being the toll of two
days' operations — arousing consternation and alarm among the
enemy's shipping. The Sumter cruised for six months and
captured seventeen ships. Had neutral ports been open to
his prizes, his captures would have been of inestimable value
to the Confederacy. But he says: "During my whole career
upon the sea I had not so much as a single port open to me
into which I could send a prize." Thus many of them had to
be destroyed lest they be retaken by the enemy. It is a fas-
cinating story that he tells of his beloved ships, which formed
such an important part of the Confederate States navy.]
Whilst we were lying at our anchors between the forts
Governor Moore, of Louisiana, who had done good service
to the Confederacy by seizing the forts and arsenals in his
State in advance of secession, and the Hon. John Slidell,
lately returned from his seat in the Federal Senate, and other
distinguished gentlemen came down on a visit of inspection
to the forts. I went on shore to call on them and brought
them on board the Sumter to lunch with me. My ship was
by this time in excellent order and my crew well accustomed
to their stations, under the judicious management of my first
lieutenant, and 1 took pleasure in showing these gentlemen
how much a little discipline could accomplish in the course of
a few weeks. Discipline ! What a power it is everywhere
and under all circumstances, and how much the want of it
lost us as the war progressed ! What a pity the officers of
our army did not have their respective commands encircled
by wooden walls with but a "single monarch to walk the
peopled deck" !
Just at nightfall on the evening of the 21st of June I re-
ceived the following dispatch from the commanding officer of
the forts :
"Captain: I am desired by the commanding officer to state
that the Ivy [this was a small tender of the forts and letter-
of-marque] reports that the Powhatan has left in pursuit of
two ships and that he has a telegram from Pass a L'Outre
to the effect that a boat from the Brooklyn had put into the
river and was making for the telegraph station, where she
was expected to arrive within a few minutes."
The Powhatan was blockading the Southwest Pass, and it
was barely possible that I might get to sea through this pass
if a pilot could be at once procured. So I immediately or-
dered steam to be raised and, getting up my anchor, steamed
down to the head of the passes, where the river branches into
its three principal outlets. Arriving there at 10 :30 p.m., I
dispatched a boat to the lighthouse for a pilot; but the keeper
knew nothing of the pilots and was unwilling to come on board
himself, though requested. The night wore away, and nothing
could be done.
The telescope revealed to us the next morning that the Pow-
hatan had returned to her station. From the sullen and un-
satisfactory message which had been returned to me by the
keeper of the lighthouse I began to suspect that there was
something wrong about the pilots ; and it being quite necessary
that I should have one constantly on board to enable me to
C^opfederat^ l/eterai?.
503
take advantage of any temporary absence of the enemy's
cruisers without having to hunt up one for the emergency, I
dispatched the Ivy to the pilots' station at the Southwest
Pass in search of one. This active little cruiser returned in
the course of a few hours and reported that none of the pilots
were willing to come on board with me. I received about the
same time a telegraphic dispatch from the Southwest Pass,
forwarded to me through Major Duncan, which read as fol-
lows: "Applied to the captain of the Pilots' Association for a
ADMIRAL RAPHAEL SEMMES, C. S. N.
pilot for the Sumter. He requested me to state that there are
no pilots on duty now." "So ho, sits the wind in that quar-
ter," thought I. "I will soon set this matter right." I at
once sent Lieutenant Strihling on board the Ivy and directed
him to proceed to the Pilots' Association and deliver and see
executed the following written order:
"C. S. Steamer Sumter, Head of the Passes,
June 22, 1861.
"Sir: This is to command you to repair on board this ship
with three or four of the most experienced pilots of the bar.
I am surprised to learn that an unwillingness has been ex
pressed by some of the pilots of your Association to come on
board the Sumter, and my purpose is to test the fact of such
disloyalty to the Confederate States. If any man disobeys
this summons. I will not only have his branch taken from him,
but I will send an armed force and arrest and bring him on
board."
This order had the desired effect, and in the course of the
afternoon Lieutenant Stribling returned, bringing with him
the captain of the Association and several of the pilots. I di-
rected them to be brought into my cabin, and when they were
assembled I demanded to know the reason of their late be-
havior. Some stammering excuses were offered, which I cut
short by informing them that one of them must remain on
board constantly and that they might determine for them-
selves who should take the first week's service, to be relieved
at the end of the week by another, and so on as long as I
should find it necessary. One of their number being desig-
nated, I dismissed the rest. The reader will see how many
faithful auxiliaries Admiral Farragut afterwards found in the
Pilots' Association of the mouths of the Mississippi when he
made his famous ascent of the river and captured its great sea-
port. Nor was this defection confined to New Orleans. The
pilots along our whole Southern coast were, with few excep-
tions. Northern men, and, as a rule, they went over to the
enemy, though pretending in the beginning of our troubles to
be good secessionists. the same remark may be applied to
our steamboat men of Northern birth as a class. Many of
them had become domiciled in the South and were supposed
to be good Southern men until the crucial test of self-interest
was applied to them, when they too deserted us and took serv-
ice with the enemy.
The object of the Brooklyn's boat, which, as we have seen,
pulled into the telegraph station at Pass a L'Outre just be-
fore we got under way from between the forts, was to cut
the wires and break up the station to prevent intelligence
being given me of the movements of the blockading tleet. I
now resorted to a little retaliation. I dispatched an officer to
the different lighthouses to stave the oil casks and bring away
the lighting apparatus to prevent the enemy's shipping from
using the lights. They were of great convenience, not only
to the ships employed on the blockade, but to the enemy's
transports and other ships bound to and from the coast of
Texas. They could he of no use to our own blockade run-
ners, as the passes of the Mississippi, by reason of their long
and tortuous and frequently shifting channels, were absolutely
closed to them.
The last letter addressed by me to the Secretary of the Navy
before escaping through the blockade, as hereinafter described,
was the following:
"C. S. Steamer Sumter, Head of the Passes,
June 30, 1861.
"Sir: I have the honor to inform the Department that I
am still at my anchors at the 'Head of the Passes,' the enemy
closely investing both of the practical outlets. At Pass a
L'Outre there are three ships, the Brooklyn and another pro
peller and a large side-wheel steamer; and at the Southwest
Pass there is the Powhatan, lying within half a mile of the
bar and not stirring an inch from her anchors, night or day.
I am only surprised that the Brooklyn does not come up to
this anchorage, which she might easily do, as there is water
enough, and no military precautions whatever have been taken
to hold the position, and thus effectually seal all the passes
of the river by presence alone, which would enable the enemy
to withdraw the remainder of his blockading force for use
elsewhere. With the assistance of the Jackson, Lieutenant
Gwathmey, and the McRae. Lieutenant linger, neither of
which has as yet, however, dropped down, I could probably
hold my position here until an opportunity offers of my get-
ting to sea. I shall watch diligently for such an opportunity,
and I have no doubt that sooner or later it will present itself.
504
(^oijfederat^ l/eterai).
I found upon dropping down to this point that the lights at
Pass a L'Outre and South Pass had been strangely over-
looked and that they were still being nightly exhibited. I
caused them both to be extinguished, so that if bad weather
should set in — a gale from the southeast, for instance — the
blockading ships, having nothing to 'hold on to,' will be
obliged to make an offing. At present the worst feature of
the blockade of Pass a L'Outre is that the Brooklyn has the
speed of me; so that even if I should run the bar I could not
hope to escape her unless I surprised her, which, with her
close watch of the bar at anchor near by both night and day,
it will be exceedingly difficult to do. I should be quite willing
to try speed with the Powhatan if I could hope to run the
gauntlet of her guns without being crippled ; but here again,
unfortunately, with all the buoys and other marks removed, the
bar which she is watching is a perfectly blind bar except by
daylight. In the meantime I am drilling my green crew to
a proper use of the great guns and small arms. With the
exception of diarrhea, which is prevailing to some extent,
brought on by too free use of the river water in the excessive
heats which prevail, the crew continues healthy."
Nothing, in fact, surprised me more during the nine days I
lay at the Head of the Passes than that the enemy did not
attack me with some of his light-draught, but heavily armed,
steamers or by his boats by night. Here was the Sumter, a
small ship, with a crew all told of a little over a hundred men,
anchored only ten or twelve miles from the enemy, without a
gun or an obstruction between her and him, and yet no of-
fensive movement was made against her. The enemy watched
me closely day by day and bent all his energies toward pre-
venting my escape, but did not seem to think of the simple
expedient of endeavoring to capture me with a superior force.
In, nightly expectation of an assault, I directed the engineer to
keep the water in his boilers as near the steam point as pos-
sible without actually generating the vapor and sent a patrol
of boats some distance down the Southwest Pass, the boats
being relieved every four hours and returning to the ship at
the first streaks of dawn. After I went to sea the enemy did
come in and take possession of my anchorage until he was
driven away by Commodore Hollins in a little nondescript
ram, which, by the way, was the first ram experiment of the
war. The reader may imagine the tedium and discomforts
of our position if he will reflect that it was the month of June
and that at this season of the year the sun comes down upon
the broad and frequently calm surface of the Father of Waters
with an African glow and that clouds of that troublesome
little insect, the mosquito, tormented us by night and day.
There was no sleeping at all without the mosquito bar, and I
had accordingly had a supply sent down for all the crew.
Rather than stand the assaults of these little picadors much
longer, I believe my crew would have run the gauntlet of the
whole Federal navy.
My diary will now perhaps give the clearest conception of
the condition of things on board the Sumter for the remain-
ing few days that she is to continue at her anchors :
"Tuesday, June 25. — A sharp thunderstorm at 3:30 a.m..
jarring and shaking the ship with its crashes. The very flood-
gates of the heavens seem open, and the rain is descending
on our decks like a cataract. Clearing toward ten o'clock.
Both blockading ships still at their anchors. The British
steam sloop Jason touched at the Southwest Pass yesterday
and communicated with the Powhatan. We learn by the news-
papers to-day that the enemy has taken possession of Ship
Island and established a blockade of the Sound. The anaconda
is drawing his folds around us. We are filling some shells and
cartridges to-day and drilling the crew at the battery.
"Wednesday, June 26. — Cloudy, with occasional rain squalls,
which have tempered the excessive heat. The Ivy returned
from the city to-day and brought me eighty barrels of coal.
Sent the pilot in the lighthouse keeper's boat to sound the
southeast bar and unused and unwatched outlet to the east-
ward of the South Pass in the hope that we' may find sufficient
water over it to permit the egress of the ship. The Federal
ships are keeping close watch, as usual, at both the passes,
neither having stirred from her anchor since we have been
at the Head of the Passes.
"Thursday, June 27. — Weather sultry and atmosphere
charged with moisture. Pilot returned this afternoon and re-
ports ten and a half feet of water on the southeast bar. * * *
The Sumter draws twelve feet, so we must abandon this hope.
"Saturday, June 29. — A mistake induced us to expend a little
coal to-day uselessly. The pilot, having gone aloft to take his
usual morning's survey of the 'situation,' reported that the
Brooklyn was nowhere to be seen. Great excitement immedi-
ately ensued on the decks, and the officer of the watch hurried
into my cabin with the information. I ordered steam to be
gotten up with all dispatch, and when in the course of a very
few minutes it was reported ready — for we always kept our
fires banked — the anchor was tripped, and the ship was under
way, plowing through the turbid waters toward Pass a L'Outre.
When we had steamed about- four miles down the pass, the
Brooklyn was seen riding very quietly at her anchors in her
usual berth near the bar. Explanation : The Sumter had
dragged her anchor during the night, and the alteration in
her position had brought a clump of trees between her and
the enemy's ship, which had prevented the pilot from seeing
the latter. With disappointed hopes, we had nothing to do
but to return to our anchors and watch and wait. In half
an hour more the sailors were lounging idly about the decks
under well-spread awnings ; the jest and banter went around
as usual ; and save the low hissing and singing of the steam,
which was still escaping, there was nothing to remind the
beholder of our recent disappointment. Such is the school
of philosophy in which the seaman is reared. Our patience,
however, was soon to be rewarded."
Early on the next morning, which was the 30th of June, the
steamer Empire Parish came down from the city and, coming
alongside of us, put on board some fresh provisions for the
crew and about one hundred barrels of coal, which my thought-
ful and attentive friend, Commodore Rousseau, had sent down
to me. Having done this, the steamer shoved off and pro-
ceeded on her trip down Pass a L'Outre to the pilots' station
and lighthouse. It was a bright Sunday morning, and we were
thinking of nothing but the usual muster and how we should
get through another idle duty. In the course of two or three
hours the steamer turned, and when she had come near us
she was seen to cast off a boat, which she had been towing,
containing a single boatman — one of the fishermen or oyster-
men so common in these waters. The boatman pulled rapidly
under our stern and, hailing the officer of the deck, told him
that the Brooklyn had gone off in chase of a sail and was no
longer in sight. The crew, who had been "cleaning them-
selves" for Sunday muster, at once stowed away their bags,
the swinging booms were gotten alongside, the boats run up,
and in. ten minutes the steam was again hissing as if impa-
tient of control. The men ran around the capstan in double-
quick in their eagerness to get up the anchor, and in a few
minutes more the ship's head swung off gracefully with the
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
505
current, and, the propeller being started, she bounded off like
a thing of life on this new race, which was to decide whether
we should continue to stagnate in midsummer in the marshes
of the Mississippi or reach those "glad waters of the dark blue
sea," which form as delightful a picture in the imagination of
the sailor as in that of the poet.
Whilst we were heaving up our anchor I had noticed the
pilot standing near me, pale and apparently nervous and agi-
tated, but as yet he had said not a word. When we were
fairly under way, however, and it seemed probable at last that
we should attempt to run the blockade, the fellow's courage
fairly broke down, and he protested to me that he knew noth-
ing of the bar of Pass a L'Outre and durst not attempt to
run me over. "I am," said he. "a southwest bar pilot and
know nothing of the other passes." "What?" said T. "Did you
not know that I was lying at the Head of the Passes for the
very purpose of taking any one of the outlets through which
.in opportunity of escape might present itself, and yet you
dare tell me that you know hut one of them and have been
deceiving me?" The follow stammered out something in ex-
cuse, hut 1 was too impatient to listen to him and, turning to
the first lieutenant, ordered him to hoist the "Jack" at the fore
as a signal for a pilot. I had, in fact, resolved to attempt the
passive of the "bar from my own slight acquaintance with it
when I had been a lighthouse inspector rather than forego thi
opportunity of escape and caused the Jack to he hoisted
rathei as a matter of course than because I hoped for any
good result from it. I In Brooklyn had not "chased out of
sight," as reported; she had only chased to the westward some
seven or eight miles and had been hidden from the boatman
oi on purs oi the Delta. She had probably all the
while had her telescopes on the Sumter, and as soon as she
saw the Mark smoke issuing from her chimnej and the ship
moving rapidly toward the pass she abandoned her chase .mil
commenced to retrace her steps.
We had nearly equal distances to run to the bar, but I had
the advantage of a four-knot current. Several of my ol
now collected around me, ami we were discussing the chances
of escape. "What think you of our prospect?" said I. turning
to one of my lieutenants who hail served a short time before
on ho. nil the Brooklyn and knew well her qualities. "Pros-
sir? Xot the least in the world. There is no possible
chance of our escaping that ship. Even if we got over the bar
ahead of her, she must overhaul us in a very short time. The
Brooklyn is g 1 foi fourteen knots an hour, sir." "That was
the report." said I, "on her trial. trip, but you know how all
such reports are exaggerated. Ten to one she has no better
speed, if so good, as the Sumter." "You will see. sir." re-
plied my lieutenant. "We made a passage in her only a few
months ago from Tampico to IYnsacola ami averaged about
thirteen knots the whole distance"
Here the conversation dropped, for an officer now came to
report to me that a boat had just shoved off from the pilots'
station evidently with a pilot in her. Casting my eyes in the
given direction, I saw a whaleboat approaching US, pulled he
four stout blacks, who were bending like good fellows to their
long ashen oars, and in the stern sheets was seated, sure
enough, the welcome pilot, swaying his body to and fro as his
boat leaped under the oft-repeated strokes of the oars, as
though he would hasten her already great speed. But more
beautiful still was another object which presented itself. In
the balcony of the pilot house, which had been built in the
very marsh on the margin of the river, there stood a beautiful
woman, the pilot's young wife, waving him on to his duty
with her handkerchief. We could have tossed a biscuit from
the Sumter to the shore, and I uncovered my head gallantly
to my fair countrywoman. A few moments more and a tow
line had been thrown to the boat, and the gallant young fellow
stood on the horse block beside me.
As we swept past the lighthouse wharf, almost close enough
to touch it, there were other petticoats fluttering in the breeze,
the owners of which were also waving handkerchiefs of en-
couragement to the Sumter. I could see my sailors' eyes
brighten at these spectacles, for the sailor's heart is capacious
enough to love the whole sex, and I now felt sure of their
- in case it should become necessary to tax them. Half
a mile or so from the lighthouse and the bar is reached.
There ».is a Bremen ship lying aground on the bar, and there
was just room and no more for us to pass her. She had run
out a kedge and had a warp attached to it that was lying
across the passageway. The crew considerately slackened the
line as we approached, and in another hound the Sumter was
outside the bar, and the Confederal' • upon the high
seas. We now slackened our speed for an instant — only an in-
stant, for my officers and men all had their wits about them
and worked like good fellows — to haul the pilot's boat along-
side that he might return to thi \- the gallant young
fellow grasped my hand and shook it warmly as he descended
ft 0111 the horse block, he said: "Now, Captain, you are all
clear; give her h — 11 and let her go."
We had now nothing to do but turn our attention to the
enemy. The Brooklyn as we cleared the bar was about three
and .1 half or four miles distant. We were, therefore, jusl
out of reach of her guns, with nothing to spare. Thick vol-
umes of smoke could be seen pounce from the chimin
both ships, the firemen and engineers of each evidently doing
their best. I called a lieutenant and directed him to heave tin-
log. He reported our speed to be nine and a half knots.
Loath to believe thai we could he making so little way through
thi' mi turbid waters, which were rushing past us with great
apparent velocity. I directed the officer to repeat the experi-
ment; hut the same result followed, though he had paid out
the line with a free hand. In er and
upon inquiry found that he was doing his very best — "though,"
said he. "there is a little drawback just now in the 'foam-
mi;' of our boilci-. arising from the suddenness with which
we got up steam. When this subsides, we may be able to add
half a knot more.
The Brooklyn soon loosed and set her sails, bracing them
sharp up on the starboard tack. 1 loosed and set mine also.
The enemy's ship was a little on my weather quarter, say a
couple ol points, and had thus slightly the weather gauge of
me. As I knew I could lay nearer the wind than she, being
able to brace my yards sharper, and had. besides, the advan-
tage of larger fore and aft sails comparatively— staysails,
irysails, and a very large spanker — I resolved at once to
hold my wind so closely as to compel her to furl her sails,
though this would carry me a little athwart her bows and
bring mo perhaps a little nearer to her for the next half hour
or so. A rain squall now came up and enveloped the two
ships, hiding each from the other. As the rain blew off to
leeward and the Brooklyn reappeared, she seemed fearfully
near to us, and I began to fear I should realize the fore-
boding of my lieutenant. I could not but admire the majesty
of her appearance, with her broad, flaring bows and clean and
beautiful run and her masts and yards as taut and square as
those of an old-time sailing frigate. The stars and stripes of
a large ensign flew out from time to time from under the lee
506
^or?federat<^ l/eterar).
of her spanker, and we could see an apparently anxious crowd
of officers on her quarter-deck, many of them with telescopes
directed toward us. She had evidently, I thought, gained
upon us, and I expected every moment to hear the whiz of a
shot ; but still she did not fire.
I now ordered my paymaster to get his public chest and
papers ready for throwing overboard if it should become neces-
sary. At this crisis the engineer came up from below, bring-
ing the welcome intelligence that the "foaming" of his boilers
had ceased and that his engine was "working beautifully, giv-
ing the propeller several additional turns per minute. The
■breeze, too, favored me, for it had freshened considerably;
and, what was still more to the purpose, I began to perceive
that I was "eating" the Brooklyn "out of the wind" ; in other
words, that she was falling more and more to leeward. I
knew, of course, that as soon as she fell into my wake she
would be compelled to furl her sails. This she did in half an
hour or so afterwards, and I at once began to breathe more
freely, for I could still hold on to my own canvas. I have wit-
nessed many beautiful sights at sea, but the most beautiful of
them all was when the Brooklyn let fly all her sheets and
halyards at once and clewed up and furled in man-of-war
style all her sails, from courses to royals. We now began to
gain quite perceptibly on our pursuer, and at half past three
the chase was abandoned, the baffled Brooklyn retracing her
steps to Pass a L'Outre and the Sumter bounding away on
her course seaward.
We fired no gun of triumph in the face of the enemy — my
powder was too precious for that — but I sent the crew aloft
to man the rigging, and three such cheers were given for the
Confederate flag, "that little bit of striped bunting" that had
waved from the Sumter's peak during the exciting chase, as
could proceed only from the throats of American seamen in
the act of defying a tyrant. Those cheers were but a repeti-
tion of many such cheers that had been given by our an-
cestors to that other bit of "striped bunting" which had defied
the power of England in that olden war, of which our war
was but the logical sequence.
The reader must not suppose that our anxiety was wholly
■allayed as soon as we saw the Brooklyn turn away from us.
We were as yet only a few miles from the land, and our
coast was swarming with the enemy's cruisers. Ship Island
was not a great way off, and there was a constant passing to
and fro cf ships of war between that island and the passes of
the Mississippi, and we might stumble upon one of them at
any moment. "Sail ho !" was now shouted from the mast-
head. "Where away?" cried the officer of the deck. "Right
ahead," said the lookout. A few minutes only elapsed, and
a second sail was descried "broad on the starboard bow."
But nothing came of these specters. We passed on seaward
without so much as raising either of them from the deck,
and finally the friendly robes of night enveloped us. When
we at length realized that we had gained an offing, when we
began to feel the welcome heave of the sea, when we looked
upon the changing aspect of its waters, now darkening into
the deepest blue, and breathed the pure air, fresh from the
Gulf, untainted of malaria and untouched of mosquito's wing,
we felt like so many prisoners who had been turned loose
from a long and painful confinement. And when I reflected
upon my mission — to strike for the right, to endeavor to sweep
from the seas the commerce of a treacherous friend, now a
cruel and relentless foe — I felt in full force the inspiration of
the poet : "Ours the wild life in tumult still to range,
From toil to rest, and joy in every change."
MAJ. LEE S. DANIEL.
THE TELEGRAPH IN WARFARE.
Telegraph operators were at a premium in the Confederacy
during the war of 1861-65. Most of the operators then were
Northern men, who returned home when the struggle began.
Maj. Lee S. Daniel, now of Galveston, Tex., was one of the
Southern men in that work. He is doubtless the oldest
telegrapher in the world, being in his seventy-ninth year, hale
and hearty, and up to the time of his retirement from active
service by the Western Union in December, 1914, he was a
skilled operator, dating his career from December 2, 1851, at
Vicksburg, Miss., thus
having given sixty-three
years to the service. He
was a contemporary of
Philip H. Fall, of Hous-
ton, who died in the sum-
mer of 1913 after a long
service in the same work.
Both of them early en-
listed in the war at Vicks-
burg, one in an artillery
company and the other in
the Vicksburg Southrons.
an infantry company, but
they were soon detailed
for telegraph work. Oper-
ators frequently ran great
risks and endured many
hardships in common with
the soldiers in campaigns.
The important part they had in preventing an almost com-
plete surprise of the Confederate army at Vicksburg in De-
cember, 1862, the beginning of that memorable siege, is em-
bodied in Gen. Stephen D. Lee's "War History of Mississippi,"
from which this account is taken. General Lee says :
"The second campaign organized to capture Vicksburg was
ably launched. The Confederate army of General Van Dorn,
following the defeat at Corinth, was at Grenada, Miss., about
22,000 strong; while General Grant's army, about 30,000 strong,
was below Oxford, Miss. General Grant was to attack Van
Dorn, and if he went to the assistance of Vicksburg he was
to follow him up by Jackson or Yazoo City toward Vicks-
burg. General Sherman at the same time organized an army
of 32,000 men and sixty pieces of artillery, which, with Ad-
miral Porter's Mississippi gunboat fleet and some seventy
transports, was to move rapidly down the Mississippi River
and attack and capture Vicksburg before the garrison (6,000
strong) could be reenforced. The part General Grant was
to play was frustrated by General Forrest, who raided into
West Tennessee and tore up the railroads supplying Grant's
army; while at the same time General Van Dorn with Con-
federate cavalry captured Holly Springs, with its accumu-
lated supplies, destroying them. This necessitated General
Grant's falling back through the country to Memphis to feed
his army. General Sherman, however, was not apprised of
General Grant's troubles, and he got safely off from Memphis
on December 20 with the greatest army and flotilla known at
that time in the war. He reached the mouth of the Yazoo
River near Vicksburg Christmas Day, proceeded up the Yazoo
River, disembarked his army December 26 and 27, 1862, and
attempted to reach the bluffs near the city of Vicksburg.
There was severe fighting on December 27 and 28, and on the
29th he was defeated at Chickasaw Bayou, six miles north of
Vicksburg, with a loss of about two thousand men, and re-
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
507
embarked his army and left the vicinity of Vicksburg. The
Confederate loss was insignificant.
How the Army Was Saved.
"As early as October, 1862, after the fall of Memphis and
the river was open to the Union gunboats as low down a-
Vicksburg, a telegraph station was established at De Soto,
on the river bank opposite Vicksburg, with Philip H. Fall as
operator, and connected with a station in the woods eleven
miles south of Lake Providence, with L. S. Daniel as oper-
ator, wdio was to report the movements of boats on the river.
The splendid scouting organization of General Pemberton
had informed him and General Smith at Vicksburg of the
assembling of the boats at Memphis and the concentration of
troops, but for what exact object was not clearly known, and
the first reliable information was the telegram from Daniel
to Fall telling of the positive approach of the great army and
flotilla."
Major Daniel gives his recollections of the incident :
"I was strictly instructed to watch the river day and night
and report to Fall at Vicksburg morning and evening. On
Christmas Eve, about 8:45 P.M., dear old Maj. E. G. Earn-
hart and I were in our 'eerie' playing old sledge when a
little girl who lived on the place came in and said : 'Marse
Ainhart. you and Marse Daniel better come out here; I
hears a boat coming.' 'Come now, said the Major; 'you are
dreaming, Artay.' 'No, sab, I hecrs it say, "Choo, choo, pat,
pat, pat,"' thus illustrating the steam escape and pat of the
wheels. We went on the porch and listened intently. Sounds
which we had not heard for months were just audible, the
little one's acute hearing having detected it miles away. We
ran to the river bank, about a third of a mile from our watch-
house, and waited perhaps thirty minutes. We could hear the
panting and pat, pat of the wheels, and presently a monster
turned the bend, two miles above us, and came on slowly, as
if feeling the way. It was the gunboat. I was ready to send
(ho news to Fall, but no — 'Hello, Major, here comes an-
other,' this in a whisper. By now the large black devil was
abreast of us. in easy gunshot of our double barrels, but it
meant suicide to fire. We counted in all seven gunboats and
fifty-nine transports loaded with bluecoats.
"It was a dark, cloudy night, cold and drizzly. Just as soon
as we were satisfied that the last one was by, I jumped on my
tittle bay filly and fairly flew to the little telegraph hut, three
miles back in the woods, and began calling the Vicksburg
office. It was just after midnight. I was so agitated over
the prospect of the capture of my dear old city before I could
give the alarm that I was almost frantic. At last I got the
and gave the fullest information in the fewest words
possible and told Fall to rush across and give the alarm at
once. After a short nap I went again to the little telegraph
hut and tried the circuit, hut there was no battery. I learned
afterwards that the huge flotilla landed at various points be-
low— Omega. Milliken's Bend, and Young's Point — and cut
down the poles for a mile, chopping the wires into bits. That
was savagery, as one break killed the wire.
"Bidding us farewell, Major Eamhart rode rapidly through
the awful muddy swamps to the hills, then to Delhi, La., some
thirty miles away, and wired the news to Gen. Kirby Smith,
Gen. John G. Walker, and others in Louisiana and Texas.
History has the incident.
"Next morning I was preparing to shoot some ducks near
the house when my wife came to the porch and said: 'Look,
Lee, quick!' Of course I looked for ducks or geese, but
discovered drakes and ganders in some sixty blue-coated cav-
alry approaching from the north. I learned that two regi-
ments had landed at Lake Providence and picketed the coun-
try for miles. This leader, Lieutenant Thompson, of the Kan-
sas Jayhawkers, halted at the gate and, with an army Colt six-
shooter cocked and held menacingly at my anatomy, interro-
gated me. The interview ended by: 'Young fellow, you a'e
truthful. Our army is fully posted on everything for a hundred
miles, and you have answered me correctly. One lie would
have laid you out. Now you are my prisoner. I want your
telegraph instruments and all records and your old shotguh
with bayonet, and don't you try to escape, for death is sure.'
\\\11. we were all held prisoners on the plantation from De-
cember 26, 1862. until the 29th of June, 1863, when Major
Eamhart, with two squads of cavalry, headed by Gen. Tom
Harrison and Col. W. H. Parsons, came in from the hills,
cleaned out the guards, and took us to Delhi, La., in the Con-
federate lines, where Gen. J. G. Walker had his headquarters."
The Grand Military Ball.
The festivities of Christmas Eve at Vicksburg were cen-
tered in a grand military hall, and there the commander of
the Confederate defenses was found and apprised of the ap-
proach of the enemy. The bearer of these tidings was Philip
II Fall, operator in the De Soto office, and he thus describe''
the incident: "Christmas Eve was a tempestuous night, and I
was in dread of my red light being extinguished by the high
waves. The Mississippi was very rough. Had my light gone
out, our batteries would have annihilated me, but with the
information I possessed I would have made the attempt in
the face of certain death. Half an hour after Daniel, at
Lake Providence, gave me the news it was imparted to Gen-
eral Smith, commander at Vicksburg. No courier could have
come seventy-five miles in half an hour. I was muddy and
woebegone as I passed through the dancers, and they gave
me a wide berth. When I stepped in front of General Smith,
he scanned me critically and frowned with the exclamation :
'Well, what do you want?' I told him that eighty-one gun-
boats and transports had passed Lake Providence and were
still passing. He turned very pale and in a loud voice ex-
claimed : 'This ball is at an end ; the enemy is coming down
the river: all noncombatants must leave the city.' He had
presence of mind enough to thank me and apologize for his
harsh tones. In his report there is no mention as to how he
cot his information. I suppose he lost sight of me in the
excitement following. I have a letter from James Roach, of
Vicksburg, reminding me of how I broke up the hall that
never-to-be forgotten night."
General Lee refers to this in the following: "My recollec-
tion is distinct as to this ball and its sudden collapse soon
after midnight. December 24, by the arrival of the bearer of
the important information. On Christmas. Day I moved oul
of Vicksburg with six regiments of infantry and two batteries
to check General Sherman in his landing on the Yazoo River,
thirteen miles distant. On December 29 was fought the de-
cisive battle of Chickasaw Bayou, which compelled General
Sherman to turn back his army and abandon the attack on the
city. The movement on Christmas Day was the result of the
telegram sent by Lee Daniel near Lake Providence and re-
ceived by Philip Fall at De Soto, La., and delivered to General
Smith at the ball in the city of Vicksburg."
5o8
Qorjfederat^ Ueteraij.
WITH IX THE ENEMY'S LINES.
BY L. A. WAILES, M.D., NEW ORLEANS, LA.
After those four years unparalleled in history, escaping the
perils of shot and shell on the firing line or the lonely picket,
of hunger and pestilence, or perhaps that crowning hell, a
military prison, how we hang on to life! How many of us
are still left to drag out a miserable existence of poverty, in-
firmity, or decrepitude in humiliating dependence or at best
relegated to the cold charity of the Old Soldiers' Home,
waiting, marking time, in painful impatience for the final
"taps" ! Even old Father Time seems reluctant to strike.
But the line is growing thin. "Close up! Forward. The bat-
tlements are almost won ! Comrades, we will come ; we will
come !"
"Sergt. and Lieut. Caleb H. Snyder, Company A, 3d Louisi-
ana Cavalry, aged seventy-five." So reads the morning's
mortuary notice, and the name brings to the memory of an
old comrade and messmate scenes on the firing line, on picket,
or in the hours of relaxation in camp or bivouac, and notably
another, not so moving or exciting perhaps, though not less
dangerous or fraught with less direful consequences or de-
manding less nerve, yet an occurrence of such frequency as
scarcely ever to be known beyond the environs of headquar-
ters unless in case of failure or disaster, as in the case of
Andre or Hale, when the actors might be accorded a para-
graph in history
The order was : "Three men mounted and armed to re-
port to headquarters for special duty." Sergeant Snyder,
Sim Anderson, one of the "kids" of the command noted for his
reckless courage, who long since answered his final roll call,
and the writer were the detail. Reporting to headquarters,
the adjutant (still living in the enjoyment of an honored old
age) gave us these orders: "A certain old man, prominent and
a sort of patriarch in the community, is suspected of being
in communication with, and of giving information to, the
enemy, and his arrest is required." Then, after giving us all
the available and required information as to the identity of
the individual, his locality, residence, etc., he stepped aside,
and the colonel came forward and addressed us in about these
words : "Boys, you are going on a perilous duty. Remember
that after passing our advanced picket you are within the
enemy's lines, and if you are captured you will be considered
as spies and treated accordingly. Therefore you must keep
your wits about you, keep your eyes and ears open, and use
all circumspection and discretion. Avoid, as far as possible,
the public roads and frequented byways, houses, etc., as you
are liable at any moment to run into foraging or scouting
parties. Locate your man, make the arrest as quickly and
as quietly as possible, and get away with all speed. Good
luck to you !"
Having received our orders, we set out on our trip about
the middle of the afternoon, reaching our picket line and
getting all available information as to the topography of the
locality, settlements, prominent farms or houses, neighbor-
hood roads, paths,. etc. We took up our march of about, as
we were given to understand, twenty miles near twilight,
timing ourselves to reach our destination and make the ar-
rest before daylight; but in our uncertainty of the route,
with detours to avoid houses and public thoroughfares, the
day was dawning when we came in sight of the house, which
we readily located in having no neighbors. Halting long
enough to take in the situation, we separated, two going to
the rear to approach from opposite directions. Waiting long
enough to insure simultaneous arrival, we made a rush for
the house, the writer going directly to the front. Just as I
reached the gate an old gray-headed man, evidently just out
of bed and half dressed, opened the door. I saluted, "Good
morning," and asked if he was Mr. C. He replied that he
was, and without a further word I opened the gate and rode
up to the gallery. Apologizing for my unseasonable call, I
told him I was sorry, but that he was wanted at headquarters
and would have to go with us. He took in the situation im-
mediately, betraying himself with the remark that "some of
his neighbors had been lying about him," but that he would
"come to our camp and make it all right."
By this time my comrades were on the ground, the house-
hold aroused, and two females, one very old and a younger,
with several children, appeared, and, realizing the situation,
of course, they became excited and vociferous in protesta-
tions, mingled with explanations, entreaties, and tears. The
old man tried to comfort them and started into the house, say-
ing he "was going to get ready." Of course we could not lose
sight of him ; so we stopped him and ordered a negro boy,
who had appeared on the scene, to saddle his master's horse
and directed his wife to pack his saddlebag. We had him
mounted, and, making the negro boy take hold of the tail of
his master's horse (for fear of his being sent to the enemy
to report the arrest) and fall into procession, within a quar-
ter of an hour we were off in a swinging gallop. This pace
we kept until the negro was completely exhausted, when we
allowed him to drop out, knowing that he could not rejch
the enemy before we were in comparative safety. Being free
from the encumbrance, we urged our already well-jaded
horses to their best until we arrived at our picket line, when
we were glad to stop for a rest, having been in the saddle
some fourteen to sixteen hours. We delivered our prisoner
at headquarters at the same time we had left camp the pre-
ceding day and, as it seemed, to the surprise of all, for our
success in the capture was not expected.
LIVING AND DYING.
BY MAJ. GEORGE m'kNIGHT.
I would not die on the battle field,
Where the missiles are flying wild ;
'Tis a fancy death, but doesn't suit
My mamma's darling child.
The cannon's roar and the clash of steel
And the victor's joyous shout
May do very well if a fellow don't care,
But I'd rather be counted out.
I would not die on the vessel's deck,
Where the wild waves dash around,
'Cause I might fall in and have to swim
And can't, so I'd surely be drowned ;
And the idea of pickling myself in brine
Is too salty to be endured.
Besides, there's a dearth of salt in the South,
And we've other pork to be cured.
I would not die at home in bed;
'Twould fill poor "Klubs" with sorrow ;
For if to-day he should find me dead,
He would die himself to-morrow.
And since I've thought the matter o'er,
The truth for once I'm giving:
If I'm to have a say in the thing,
I think I'll keep on living.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
5°9
INDIAN TRIBES IN THE CONFEDERACY.
BY R. B. COLEMAN, NORTH MOLESTER, OKLA.
The Five Civilized Indian Tribes during the Confederate war
were the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Choctaws, and Chicka-
saws. The Indian Territory was so peculiarly situated that
it was a serious question with them to decide about taking
part, as they were originally from the Southern States and
had been the wards of the government for a long time. The
Territory was situated north of Texas and west of Ail.
both slave States, and south of Kansas, a free State, and
they were slaveholders. They were in sympathy with the
South, as all of the tribes had relatives still living in the
States of Tennessee, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, and North
Carolina, all slave States; while to break faith with the
United States was a great struggle. And it was not until
July. 1861, that they decided to cast theil lot with eithei
section, the government of the United States ha\ ing withdraw n
its agency from all of the tribes and having sent no dele-
gates to counsel with them on what course to pursue. If
they should ally themselves with the Confederacy, they would
lose all their annuities and suffer the abrogation of all their
former treaties: and should they ally themselves with the
United States, their country would be made a battle held and
devastated. They were almost in despair.
On the 20th of Maw [86l, the Confederate Congress passed
an act authorizing the President to select and appoint a com-
missioner to visit the tribes and conclude a treaty of friendship
and alliance with those who desired to ally themselves with the
Confederate government. In compliance with this act. Presi-
dent Davis appointed Gen. Albert Pike, of Arkansas, and
clothed him with plenary powers to act as such commissioner.
General Pike reached Fort Smith on the 25th of June and
advised all of the tribes to meet him at North Fork Village,
in the Creek Nation, on the 20th of July, 1861, witli properly
accredited delegates. North Fork Village being the most cen-
tral point to most of the tribes. Some of the tribes did not
•send delegates, and only the Choctaws and Chickasaws en
tered into a treaty with the Confederate States of America.
The Choctaw Nation was represented by Robert M. Jones,
Sampson Folsom, Forbis Leflore, George W. llarkins, Allen
Wright. Alfred Wade. Coleman Cole, James Riley, Rufus
Folsom, William B. Pitchlyun, McGee King. William King,
John Turnbull. and William Bryant, commissioners appointed
by the principal chief of the Choctaw Nation.
The Chickasaw Nation was represented by Edmund Pick-
ens. Holmes Colbert, James Gamble, Joel Kemp, William
Kemp. Winchester Colbert, Henry C. Colbert. James X. Mc-
Lish, Martin W. Allen, John W. Johnson, Samuel Colbert,
Archibald Alexander, Wilson Frazier, Christopher Columbus,
A-Shu-lah, Frisby, and John H. Anderson, commissioners ap-
pointed by the Governor of the Chickasaw Nation. The
Cherokees, Creeks, and Seminoles refused to enter into any
treaty.
Immediately after the ratification of this treaty all of the
Five Tribes began to organize companies for home protection.
Tandy C. Walker, a Choctaw, organized five companies, which
became the 1st Choctaw Battalion of Cavalry; Douglass H.
Cooper, a white man and ex-United States agent to the
Choctaws, organized five companies of white troops along
the border of Arkansas, which were merged with Walker's
Battalion. Cooper was elected colonel and Tandy C. Walker
lieutenant colonel, and it was designated Cooper's Regiment
of Mixed Troops. Sampson Folsom. a Choctaw, organized
a regiment of ten companies and was elected colonel. This
was designated the 1st Choctaw Cavalry Regiment. Jackson
F. McCartain organized five companies, which became the
2d Choctaw Battalion of Cavalry, and he was elected lieu
tenant colonel.
During this time the other tribes were not idle. In the
Chickasaw Nation five companies were organized, and Charles
Harris was elei nant colonel, this being designated
the Chickasaw Battalion of Cavalry. The Cooper Regiment,
the 1st and 2d Choctaw Regiments, the 2d Choctaw Battalion,
and the Chickasaw Battalion wen- placed together and became
the Choctaw Brigade, and D. II. Cooper was promoted to
brigadier general and placed in command. This brigade was
a pari of Sun Bell Maxies's division.
Soon after the ratification of the Choctaw-Chickasaw
Treat} the Chei an to organize companies, and on
the 27th of July, 1861, ten companies met at old Fort Wayne,
in the Delaware District, Cherokee Nation, and formed a
ai Stand Watie was elected colonel; Thomas F. Tay-
lor, lieutenant colonel; F.lias C. Bondinct, major; Charles F.
Watie, adjutant; George W. Adair, quartermaster; Joseph
M. Starr. Sr.. chief commissary; W. T. \dair. surgeon; W.
D Poison, assistant surgeon; Rev, J. V. Slo\er. chaplain
This became the 1st Cherokee Regiment of Cavalry, C. S. A.
During this period ten companies were organized in the
11' Nation, and in July. 1802. they gathered on Grove
Creek, west of where Muskogee is now situated, and organized
the 2d Cherokee Cavalry. James M. Bell was elected ■
of this regiment, and it joined with the 1st Cherokee.
In the meantime D. N. Mackintosh, a Creek Indian, was
instrumental in organizing ten companies of Creeks and was
d colonel. These companies made up the 1st Creek Cav-
alry and joined the Cherokees. Chilli Mackintosh raised ten
companies of Creeks, and he was el Cted colonel of tin- 2d
Creek Cavalry, which also joined with the Cherokees. John
Jumper, a very intelligent Seminole, raised live companies of
, and he w a b tttalicjn; which
was th< isl Seminole Battalion of Cavalry and attached to
the Cherokee Brigade. Col. Stand Watie. being the senioi
colonel, was breveted brij neral and placed in com-
mand of the Cherokee-Creek Brigade, which was composed
of the 1st and 2d Cherokee Cavalry, the tst and 2d Creek
Cavalry, and the 1st Seminole Battalion of Cavalry. This
brigade w is llso attached to Sun Bell Maxies's division, and
all belonged to the Trans-Mississippi Department. C. S. A.
The Cherokee^ were a!" ait equally divided between the
North and the South, the Union Cherokees going with Col.
John Ross. Many of the Creeks also went with the Union
and were under Opothlohola, a lull-blooded Creek. The Chick-
asaws also were divided, and a battalion of these companies
went with the Union under Opothlohola, being attached to
the 2d Kansas Brigade.
The Seminoles were loyal to the South, as were the Choc-
laws. who furnished only eleven members to the Union, one
of these being Capt. Nathaniel Krcbs, whose brother Ed-
mund was a captain in Cooper's Regiment, 1st Choctaw Bat-
talion.
Robert M. Jones was selected as a delegate-member of the
Confederate Congress and was accorded the privilege of the
floors of the House, but not allowed a vote. There Were no
States of the Confederacy more loyal to the South than the
Five Civilized Indian Tribes.
5i°
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
anagng^monn^^^^^ogp
TOE ' LAST ■ ROLL"
t4KIWI»IW|WtJtt<K|W|»l»t»lj«i»IWlJ*WligiW^>»
"The tired feet that trod the thorny path of duty undismayed
Shall find eternal peace and rest when God, the Great Com-
mander of soldiers unafraid,
Shall muster all his legions, great and small,
To answer to his loving last roll call."
John Henry McClintic.
The last call of the roll came suddenly to John H. McClin-
tic, of New York City, on May 18, 1916, as he sat beside the
library table, with his devoted wife at his side. He was born
in Rockbridge County, Va„ September 11, 1846, the third son
of Shanklin and Margaret Shields McClintic. When the War
between the States began, he was too young to be accepted
in the Confederate army, anxious as he was to go; but early
in 1863, at the age of sixteen, he enlisted in the 1st Virginia
Cavalry, General Wickham's brigade, General Fitzhugh Lee's
division. Like many Virginia boys, "Tip" McClintic, as he
was best known through life by his intimates, was a fearless
rider and owned a fine horse. He was a handsome lad, intrep-
id, brave, and courageous, with a winning personality which
made him very popular. He was soon selected by General
Wickham as a courier, in which capacity he served both him
and Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. He was in many of the fierce engage-
ments and battles from 1863 until the close of the war. At
JOHN HENRY M CLINTIC.
Mount Jackson he saved the colors, snatching the flag from
the hand of the dying color bearer, Figgett, and carried it in
safety throughout the battle. He fought at Cold Harbor,
Seven Pines, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and in other
closely contested battles, escaping untouched until the very
last engagement before the evacuation of Richmond, when he
was shot in the right arm just below the shoulder. For many
hours he suffered for attention, but was finally taken to a
hospital in Richmond, where his arm was set and the wound
dressed. Twenty-four hours later he and all the wounded
able to travel made their exit from the hospital rather than
fall into the hands of the advancing enemy. Sometimes on
foot, sometimes on an oxcart or wagon, sometimes riding
behind some kind-hearted horseman, with many halts forced
by exhaustion, slowly and painfully he made his weary wav
to his home, in Rockbridge County.
He found his father entirely ruined by the war, their fine
farm, with its mills and equipment, swallowed up in the gen-
eral devastation. After the close of the war he went into a
cotton shed in Memphis, Tenn., for a few months. In the fall
of 1868, with his large family of brothers and sisters and his
aged father, he removed to Missouri, where he engaged in
farming. Very soon he became actively interested also in the
cattle business, being one of the first to realize the immense
possibilities therein, and from that time until his death he was
one of the most widely known and enterprising live-stock-
feeders and shippers in North Missouri. He owned two beau-
tifully located and improved farms, comprising over seven
hundred acres, of which he was justly proud, in addition to a
beautiful home in town. He was married October 21, 1873,
to May, eldest daughter of Dr. George C. Jones, of Wilming-
ton, Del., who, with their only daughter, Caroline, survives
him. He was one of the most highly respected and popular
men in the community. His personal magnetism, his genial
disposition, and his big, generous heart endeared him to all
his associates, and he numbered his friends by the hundred.
He was a member of the Episcopal Church and a Royal Arch
Mason. At his funeral the beautiful burial service of the Epis-
copal Church was followed by the equally impressive Masonic
burial ritual at the grave.
George Nowlan Saussy.
George Nowlan Saussy was one of five brothers who served
in the Confederate army. He was born in Savannah, Ga..
March 10, 1842, and died very suddenly in Jacksonville, Fla.,
April 27, 1916. At the time he was Superintendent of the
Confederate Home of Florida. He was a member of the
Republican Blues, an old Savannah military company at the
■ beginning of the war, and was of the detail which took charge
of Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah River, January
3, 1861, by order of Joseph E. Brown, Governor of Georgia.
After serving with the first volunteer regiment of Georgia
along the coast until September, 1861, he was transferred to
the Georgia Hussars and went to Virginia, where this company
became Troop F, Jeff Davis Legion of Cavalry, and he was
with this command in the various battles in Virginia under
J. E. B. Stuart and Hampton. He was severely wounded in
Frederick City in September, 1862, but reported for duty after
six months in recuperating from his wound. He was with
Stuart in his famous ride around McClellan's army, in the
Seven Days' Battles around Richmond, at Upperville, Seven
Pines, Brandy Station, and Gettysburg. In a sharp engage-
ment near Culpeper in December, 1863, he was again slightly
wounded, and the same bullet killed his horse. Not wishing
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
511
to be with the dismounted squad, he obtained permission from
Colonel Waring, commanding the Jeff Davis Legion, to go
into the Federal lines and obtain a mount. While making
this attempt he was captured by Custer's old regiment, the
6th Michigan Cavalry, and sent to Point Lookout, Maryland.
In August, 1864, he was transferred to Elmira, N. Y., and
there remained until March, 1865, when he was paroled, and
reached Richmond just before its evacuation.
After the war Comrade Saussy engaged in various commer-
cial enterprises. He was married in December, 1869, to Miss
(Catherine Maner, who passed away just a month after him.
Only a son survives, Fred Waring Saussy, named for his old
colonel. He was a Christian gentleman of the old school, a
consistent member of the Methodist Church. He was one of
the few whose names were entered on the Confederate roll of
honor for conspicuous conduct on the field and other gallant
service, and he continued an intense Confederate to the last.
A picture of four of the Saussy brothers appeared in the
Veteran for December, 191 1, page 558.
John P. Mercer.
John Pickel Mercer, who died in Calvert. Tex., on August
-'4, 1916, was born November 12, [842. near I.umberton, Robe-
son County, N. C. When the war came on between the
Stai.s. he enlisted in a company that became a part of the 1st
North Carolina Infantry. After serving twelve months, he re-
enlisted in Company D. 51st North Carolina Infantry, H. Mc-
Ethan, colonel, Clingman's Brigade, Hoke's Division. He was
with General Beauregard in the defense of Charleston, S. C,
and in Battery Wagner on July 18, 1863, when the Union
forces used every effort to take it by storm and left their
dead scattered thickly over about four acres. Early in [864
Beauregard's army was transferred to Petersburg and then
to James River, \'a. : ami on May t8, when General Beaure-
gard fought the battle of Drury's Bluff. Comrade Mercer's
command took finite a prominent part in it. The latter part
of May his command joined General Lee's army in time to
take part in the first day's battle at Cold Harbor. June 1.
18(14. In this battle lie was wounded in the right leg and
captured and taken first to Point Lookout, then to Elmira,
N. V.. where he was kept until the close of the war. When
released he returned to his home, in North Carolina, and t"i
several years engaged in business.
Finding that he could not get along with the Reconstruction
authorities in North Carolina, he went to Texas and at last
located in the southern part of Robertson County and en-
gaged in farming anil contracting until the early nineties,
when he went into business in Calvert, lie was married to
Miss Pauline Jeanne Bibbs in 1900.
John Mercer came of a good old English family of colonial
days which gave many eminent men to the colonies and to
North Carolina. He was a forceful character, kind and gen-
erous, and of great native ability.
W. T. Drapei
W. T. Draper, born in Sumter County, Ga., September 2,
1844. died at his home, in Franklin County, Tex., on May 1,
mil' lie entered the Confederate army at Clayton, Ala., in
Company 1. 39th Alabama Infantry, as a private and served
to the close of the war, being paroled at Grei n-ln.i -... N. C,
May IS, l86S. He was in the battles of Res.n .1. New Hope
Church. Kennesaw Mountain. Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga,
Frankin, Nashville, and around Atlanta.
He was married to Miss Seamore Willis, of Barber County,
M. A, RYAN.
Ala., in September, 1866. A good citizen has fallen. A true
Confederate soldier has departed. He was a member of Ben
McCulloch Camp, No. 300, U. C. V., and also a member of the
Church. He was a living father and a devoted husband.
Veterans assisted in his burial.
M. A. Ryan.
In the death of M. A. Ryan at his home, in Rose Hill,
Jasper County, Miss., on the 9th of August, 1916, there passed
from the life of the community an old and valued citizen,
whose steadfastness as a friend, loyalty as a citizen, and gal-
lantry and faithfulness as a soldier made him so. He had
just returned from a visit to a son in Texas when attacked
with acute indigestion.
and within a short time
the pilgrimage of a long,
honorable, and useful life
'ded.
Comrade Ryan was a
member of Company B.
14th Mississippi Infantrj
and was wounded and
captured (with the
writer) in the batth ol
N'ashvillt in November,
1864, and confined at
Camp Chase, Ohio, until
the close of the war. V
a soldier he was brave
and loyal ; as a citizen
he stood among the fore-
mosl of his country : as
a neighbor he was kind and obliging; hut it was within the
sanctuary of his home that his splendid qualities as a husband
and father ever shone brightest and sweetest. Long will his-
splendid virtues be cherished by those who knew- him.
Another of the strong links which cheered us in the noon-
tide of life, calling to memory the stirring scenes of the bat-
tle's wreck, has been broken ; another column has fallen to
earth to rise no more until that grand reunion where fare-
wells are never spoken. W. G. Edw \rhs.
Alexander 11 Compton.
Alexander H. Compton was horn in Prince William County.
\"a., in 1840. In [86] he enlisted in the Confederate army as
a private in the 8th Virginia Regiment of Infantry. His
watchword as a soldier was duty. He participated in the
battles of Bull Run. Second Manassas, Hall's Bluff, around
Richmond, and was -one of the men captured inside of the
stone wall at Gettysburg in the charge which made Pickett's
men immortal. When the Hag which he had followed on so
many victorious battle fields was furled at Appomattox, never-
more to he unfurled in battle, Comrade Compton returned to
his home and helped to rebuild his devastated country.
In [866 he joined the Methodist Church at Sudley ; and just
as In had in the days of trial, hardship, and danger been true-
and loyal to his country, so was he true and loyal to his Mas-
ter and his Church. He has passed from us. having heardl
the great Commander's call to come up higher and join tile-
host of Christian men who followed the cause of the Con-
federacy. But in his going he has left a rich legacy to his
loved ones and friends in the highest type of a soldier and
Christian gentleman.
[Tribute by the Commander of Ewell Camp, Manassas. Va]
512
Qoi}federat<^ l/eterai}.
James Henry Gordon.
James Henry Gordon, born at Oxford, Granville County,
N. C., on the 28th of January, 1844, was a descendant of
Archie Gordon, a Revolutionary soldier, who was the father
of twenty-seven sons, seven of whom were born during
twenty-four months. At the Whig convention in Raleigh in
1840 "Old Archie" was escorted through the streets in a four-
horse carriage with a flag floating over it bearing the in-
scription : "Archie Gordon, the Whig father of twenty-seven
Whig sons."
James H. Gordon enlisted in the Confederate army in April,
1861, at the age of seventeen years, as a member of a company
from Granville County, N. C, under Capt. Henry Coleman,
and served throughout the full four years faithfully, never
failing to perform any duty assigned him. After the war he
was connected with the Parker News Company, of Jackson-
ville, Fla., for twenty-five years. He died at his residence.
in that city, after a short illness, in the summer of 1916. He
is survived by his devoted wife and three daughters: Mrs. W.
E. Pritchard, of Savannah, Ga. ; Mrs.. F. D. Terry, of At-
lanta, Ga. ; Mrs. E. O. Rehm, of Jacksonville, Fla. Also
three brothers, W. L. Gordon, of Jacksonville, Fla., and F. P.
and John Gordon, of Earlington, Ky., and one sister, Mrs.
John Masoncup, of Madisonville, Ky. He was laid to rest
in Evergreen Cemetery, at Jacksonville.
Mat. Samuel W. Donegan.
On September 13, 1916, at the Confederate Soldiers' Home,
Mountain Creek, Ala., Maj. Samuel Donegan passed away,
after a long illness. He was born in Huntsville, Ala., July
3. 1834, and was there married to Miss Ella Moore, daughter
of Col. Alford Moore, in December, 1866. Three children
are left, two sons and a daughter — Alford Moore Donegan,
attache of the American consulate at Berlin, Germany ; James
Donegan, now in the West
seeking health ; and Mrs.
Mamie Donegan Edelham, of
Clarksdale, Miss.
Major Donegan enlisted in
the Louisiana C. B. Guards in
the spring of 1861 and was or-
dered to Virginia, where he
served for some time, until
transferred to the artillery
service. He participated in the
naval engagement between the
Federal fleet and the Confed-
erate ironclad Virginia (Mer-
rimac). He was there until,
his health failing, he was placed
on post duty, where he re-
mained until the last gun of the Confederacy was fired.
A rare man in many particulars, a good man and great in
his goodness, was Major Donegan. Highly educated, he added
knowledge and culture by extensive travel in Europe, having
visited since the war all the capitals of foreign countries. He
possessed to an eminent degree the attributes of a Christian,
as shown by his daily walk and in his attitude toward his
fellow men. All who knew him rendered him the highest re-
spect ; all who knew him well loved him. At his own request
he was buried at the Home among his comrades.
Joseph A. Jones.
MAJ. S. W. DONEGAN.
Capt. D. J. Broadhurst.
The passing of Capt. David J. Broadhurst, whose death
occurred at his home, in Goldsboro, N. C, on August 20, re-
moves a beloved character from the daily activities of that
community, with which he had been intimately associated for
more than a generation. He was a native of Wayne County,
of an old-line family running back to colonial days, and was
seventy-two years of age on the first day of last March, his
beloved wife having the same birth month and year. Their
A golden wedding anniver-
sary was celebrated last
January, the happy occa-
sion being a family re-
union with "open house"
to their friends in old-
time Southern hospi-
tality.
At the outbreak of the
War between the States
David Broadhurst, at the
age of seventeen, volun-
teered in Company K,
26th North Carolina, of
Dublin County, of which
he subsequently became
capt. d. J. broadhurst. captain, serving with
such bravery that he was
especially mentioned for his gallantry by President Davis.
Captain Broadhurst was with Jackson at Chancellorsville and
left his good right arm on that memorable field. Going
home after his crucial hospital experience, he faced the future
fearlessly and determinedly as he had faced the foe in battle,
and he was a powerful force in the work of rehabilitating that
section and leading his people out from the ordeal of Re-
construction, and they accorded him at all times their confi-
dence, their gratitude, and their loyalty. ■
On January 3, 1866, he married Miss Martha J. Baker,
daughter of the late Col. Jesse J. Raker, and to this union
ten children were born, eight of whom, with their revered
mother, survive him. These are : Mrs. John Farrior, of Port-
land, Oregon ; R. S. Broadhurst, of Americus, Ga. ; J. J. and
F. K. Broadhurst, of Smithfield ; Mrs. Lila B. Winkelman, of
Goldsboro ; Edgar Broadhurst, of Greensboro ; Capt. Hugh
H. Broadhurst, of the 8th Cavalry, Fort Bliss, Tex. ; and
Charles S. Broadhurst, of Goldsboro.
Captain Broadhurst had resided in Goldsboro for nearly
forty years, in which time he had been a justice of the peace,
county superintendent, mayor of the city, treasurer of the
A. and N. C. Railroad Company, and for twenty years clerk
of the city, and in all these capacities he served with efficiency
and honor.
But it was in his home, in his Church, and in his daily walk
in the community that he exemplified those attributes of soul
and characteristics of conviction and courage that justified
the high esteem in which he was held and the tribute of the
community's universal sorrow at his going away, although
he went in the fuilness of life's allotted span of years, even
so as to make beautifully appropriate the words of St. Paul
as applied to him by his pastor. Rev. N. H. D. Wilson, in
his tender tribute : "For I am even now ready to be sacrificed ;
and the time of my dissolution is at hand. I have fought a
good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.
As to the rest, there is laid up for me a crown of justice,
which the Lord, the just Judge, will render to me in that day."
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
513
Capt. John Yates Johnston.
John Yates Johnston died on August 14, 1916, at his home,
in Knoxville, Tenn. He was born at Annandale, the family
home, in Loudon County, October 20, 1839. He was a son of
Ebenezer and Hannah Huff Johnston, who reared one of the
most estimable and representative families of Loudon County
and East Tennessee. His early years were spent in the com-
munity of his nativity, where he accepted the limited educa-
tional opportunities offered by the before-tbe-war schools and
also developed in commercial and agricultural endeavors.
When the civil strife began, John Y. Johnston, then on the
threshold of young manhood, entered the cavalry arm of the
Confederate service as a trooper in Col. Henry M. Ashby's
command. Subsequently, and while in his twenty-first year.
he raised a company of infantry and was made its captain, a
distinction that was notable because of his early years. His
company was a part of Colonel Rowan's 62(1 Tennessee Regi-
ment of Infantry.
While in Mississippi Captain Johnston was captured by
Federal soldiers and was held a prisoner for a period of two
years. The circumstances of his capture reflected the char-
acter of the man. One of his brothers, also a Confederate
soldier, had fallen a victim of the enemy's dragnet for prison-
ers and was injured. Seeing the brother in the throes of the
Federals and fearful of his fate, Captain Johnston deliberately
crossed into the enemy's lines in order that he might be with
his injured and captured brother, and himself was taken a
prisoner, making this personal sacrifice for the sake of admin-
istering unto the brother. Both were held as prisoners of
war. The brother now survives, whereas but for this act of
fraternal heroism he might have died a prisoner of war.
CAPT. JOHN YATES JOHNSTON.
After the war Captain Johnston went to Griffin, Ga.. and
engaged in the cotton trade. After a few years at that place
he went to Rome, Ga.. and was in business there for a num-
ber of years. From Rome he went to Knoxville. Later he
obtained a connection with the East Tennessee, Virginia, and
Georgia Railroad, and by his strict attention to duty and far-
seeing business capacity he won promotion until he held a re-
sponsible position with that railroad system, then the largest
single railway organization in the South. He held this posi-
tion of trust and responsibility for many years — in fact, until
his retirement from active daily business pursuits. Having
been successful in investments and business ventures, he be-
came a man of diversified interests in that he had many large
financial investments. He was one of the most successful
capitalists of Knoxville and was recognized as a shrewd and
safe business man.
In young manhood Captain Johnston was married to Miss
Su-.ii' Ayres, of Virginia, who survives. To them were born
two daughters. Mrs. K. Hepburn Saunders and Mrs. David
C. Chapman (both of whom reside in Knoxville), and a son,
Joseph Jacques Johnston, who died in his eighth year. He is
survived by two brothers, ] V. Johnston, of Macon, Ga., and
J. H. Johnston, of Loudon. One sister survives, Mrs. E. J.
Cooke, of Macon. Preceding him to the grave were two
brothers, J, M. and William McEwcn Johnston, and as many
listers, Mrs. R. T. Wilson and Mrs. S. M. Reynolds.
Thomas J. McCaughan.
Thomas Jackson McCaughan. a venerable Confederate sol-
dier, died on June 20, 1916, at Copita, Tex. He had celebrated
in jovial spirit his eighty-fifth birthday just two days previous
to an accident which resulted in a fractured hip, from which
he suffered intensely for three months. He was a man highly
respected and esteemed by the people of his community,
largely of the Northern element, though he was an unrecon-
structed Southern patriot of the purest type. Born in Trigg
County, Ky„ of sturdy Scotch-Irish stock, he went with his
father at the age of seven to Smith County, Miss., where he
grew to manhood, developing all the best traits of character
with plantation environment \niorg the first to volunteer for
the war. he joined Company •'.. 37th Mississippi Regiment of
Infantry, becoming second lieutenant of the company, and
served in different commands in most of the hardest-fought
battles in Tennessee. Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia until
captured at Nashville with Hood's ill-fated army in the winter
of 1864. With other officers, he was sent to the frigid prison
hi Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie.
Returning penniless and broken in health to a desolated
home. he. with the aid of a devoted wife, went to work with
Christian fortitude to maintain a large family through the
gloomiest rehabilitation period of Southern history. He went
to Texas and located near Waco in 1878, later going to
Hamilton County and then to Copita for the benefit of his
health in a milder climate. He was the eldest of five brothers,
all Confederate soldiers. Clothed in the gray he loved so
well, he was laid to sleep where the Gulf winds blow softly
in that borderland of his own sunny South.
S. H. Hamlett.
Joseph E. Tavenner.
Joseph E. Tavenner died March 17, 1916, at Berwyn, Pa.,
and was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery. Frederick, Md.
During the war he was first lieutenant of Company E, 8th
Virginia Regiment. He was in Pickett's charge at Gettys-
burg, July, 1863, where he was severely wounded. He was
carried from the battle field by his own men and taken home
to Virginia in an ambulance. After three months he was
able to reioin his regiment and served throughout the rest
of the war. He took part in many battles. After the war
he moved to Buckeyestown, Frederick County, Md. He was
a gentleman of the old school and was much esteemed.
5^4
(^opfederat^ l/eteraij.
Capt. William T. Boyd.
The death of Capt. William T. Boyd at Covington, Term.,
on August iS, 1916, marked the passing of one of the land-
marks of Tipton County. He was one of the oldest and best-
beloved members of his community and had been prominent
as a banker and fire insurance man for many years. From a
tribute to Captain Boyd prepared by the late N. W. Baptist,
a devoted friend, some years ago the following sketch is taken :
"William Townes Boyd was born in Mecklenburg County,
Va., on the 8th of June,
1837, the oldest child of his
parents, Alfred and Eliza-
beth Townes Boyd. His
people were in affluent cir-
cumstances and gave him
every advantage in educa-
tion and moral training.
At eighteen years of age
he became a student at old
Hampden Sidney College,
in Prince Edward County,
where he continued for
two years, and then went
into business with his
father at Boydton, Va.,
at that time the largest
and most extensive busi-
o .■ ,,- CAPT. W. T. BOYD.
ness in Southwest Vir-
ginia. In i860 he was married to Miss Jennie Speed, of
Granville, N. C, to whom he was ever a devoted husband.
"Captain Boyd's father and people were Whigs in politics,
and he himself was opposed to the secession of Virginia and
to war; bat upon the passage of the ordinance he volunteered
his services in the Boydton Cavalry, a crack mounted mili-
tary company, which had been organized several years previ-
ously. It was composed of the best young men in Mecklen-
burg County, nearly all people of wealth. This company was
mustered into service in May, 1861, with Thomas F. Goode
as captain ; George White, first lieutenant ; W. T. Boyd, sec-
ond lieutenant ; and it was afterwards known as Company
A, 3d Virginia Cavalry. From the beginning of hostilities
to the surrender of General Lee no command performed more
arduous duty or more valued service than Company A. Under
'Jeb' Stuart, Wickham, Rosser, and Fitzhugh Lee, it partici-
pated in the hard-fought battles and trying campaigns of the
Army of Northern Virginia and was distinguished in its
regiment for the daring and courage of its members.
"Captain Goode was promoted in 1861 to lieutenant colonel;
and upon the reorganization, in 1862, he was elected colonel.
Dr. W. H. Jones was then captain of Company A. When he
resigned, Lieutenant White was promoted to captain and
Boyd to first lieutenant. White was wounded at Gettysburg,
and Lieutenant Boyd was promoted to captain and com-
manded the company to the close. His command was dis-
banded at Danville, Va., after the surrender at Appomattox ;
and he returned to his home, in Mecklenburg County, and
courageously faced the future. He revived the old business,
which had been ruined by the war; but in 1869 he joined in
a large business at Mason, Tenn., and had since been a resi-
dent of Tipton County. He removed to Covington in 1886
and there engaged in the banking and insurance business until
his death. When his wife died, in 1878, he assumed the re-
sponsibility of rearing his eight small children alone; and as
both father and mother he watched over their tender years,
guiding them through the trials and temptations of imma
turity until they could go out into the world as men and
women fully equipped for life's battles. Six daughters and
one son survive him.
"As a citizen Captain Boyd was unassuming, slavish in the
performance of duty, admired and trusted by every one. His
strongest characteristic was his modesty, and he was charita-
ble in its broadest sense, speaking no evil of any man. His
life was one of spotless integrity, and he leaves to his children
the heritage of a good name untarnished by an unworthy act
or deed."
Alexander McConnell.
Alexander McConnell died at his home, in Batesville, Ark..
September 1, 1916, aged seventy-six years. He was mustered
into the Confederate service at Fulton, Ky., September 7.
1861, as first sergeant in Company B, Capt. James Pell. Later,
and on promotion of Captain Pell to a lieutenant colonelcy.
Capt. James Husbands commanded this company, of King's
Kentucky Battalion Cavalry, which was later merged into
the 1st Confederate Cavalry, temporarily commanded by Col
Thomas Claiborne, of Tennessee. Later this regiment became
the 6th Confederate Cavalry, under Col. H. Clay King, Lieut.
Col. James Pell, and Maj. M. J. Wicks.
Comrade McConnell served the Confederacy faithfully and
well. Twelve years ago he went from Kentucky to Bates-
ville, Ark., where he lived an exemplary life and kept the faith
unto the end.
Jacob Alexander Hanger.
Jacob Alexander Hanger died suddenly at his home, Edge
Rock, near Staunton, Va., on February 17, 1916, at the age
of seventy-six years. Few men have led a more active or use
ful life. In 1861, with two brothers and several cousins of the
same name, he joined the Churchville Cavalry, which after-
wards became Company I, 14th Virginia Cavalry, and which
won distinction because of its gallantry. In 1862 he helpeu to
organize the regimental baud,
of which he and his brother
George were members. 1 his
was the only band on the
Southern side which could ploy
on horseback. The members
often wished to join :he ranks,
but their commander forbade
them, as he could get no others
to play in the band.
Comrade Hanger also did
scout duty and on one occasion
avoided capture by a clever
ruse. Near Slaven's Cabins,
on Cheat Mountain, he ordered his companions to watch the
enemy while he went to the village for provisions. In return-
ing he was passing a lonely place when about forty rifles of the
enemy were pointed at him. Dropping his bag of provisions,
he exclaimed : "Why didn't you fellows wait ? I told you to
wait. I'll go call the rest." Putting spurs to his horse, he
dashed off and escaped without pursuit.
After the war Mr. Hanger settled in Staunton, Va., and
went into business. He was also a successful inventor. He
was a deacon in the Presbyterian Church for many years and
a faithful Christian. He was married to Miss Dawson and
is survived by one son, Wythe, who was his companion and
comfort. He was buried in the cemetery at Churchville, Va.
j. a. hanger.
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
515
G. W. \OUNG.
G. Whit Young.
G. W. Young was born September 18, 1845, near Orysa,
Lauderdale County, Tenn., and died at his home, in Ripley,
Tenn., May 8, 1916. He was the son of Rev. G. W. Young, a
pioneer Baptist preacher, whose vigorous intellect and pious
life gave caste and character to the community in which he
lived. Under the godly life of his father the son united with
the Durhamville Baptist Church
in early life, becoming an ac-
tive, consistent Christian, prom-
inent, though a meek and hum-
ble worker in his Church and
a close student of the Bible.
He took an active part in the
affairs of the town and county.
serving as justice of the peace
and coroner and as a member
of the school boards for a
number of years, proving faith
ful and efficient to every trust
G. VV. Young enlisted in
Captain Davis's company of
the ~th Tennessee Cavalry, Forrest's command, and was con-
tinuously in service until the close of the war; was in the sur-
render at Vicksburg. No braver nor more conscientious sol-
dier ever flashed a saber or fired a gun. He was an active
member of John Sutherland Camp, No. 890, U. C. V., having
served as its Commander, and he was Adjutant of the Camp
at the time of his death, always active in the annual re-
unions and work of the organization. His gentle demeanor,
inflexible integrity, and consistent Christian life commanded
the admiration of all.
He was married in 187 1 to Miss Emma Anthony, a de-
scendant of the Lees of Westmoreland County, Va., and
leaves surviving him his wife and three daughters, one
brother, and two sisters. P. N. Conner.
Mat. William A. Obenchain.
After an illness of several months, Maj. William A. Oben-
chain, a noted educator, died at his home, in Bowling Green,
Ky., on August 17, 1916, at the age of seventy live years. lie
was born in Buchanan, Va. ; and during the War between the
States he was an officer in the Engineering Corps of the Con-
federate army, and also served on the staff of General Lee.
In 1873 he went to Dallas, Tex., where he was engaged in tin-
real estate business for five years. He returned to Kentucky
in 1878 and was appointed to the chair of mathematics in
Ogden College, at Bowling Green, and taught there until a
few months ago. From 1883 to 1906 he was President of
that institution. He was a first-honor graduate of the Vir-
ginia Military Institute and had been Professor of Mathemat-
ics and Engineering in the Pittsboro (N. C. ) Military Acad-
emy; Professor of Mathematics and Commandant of Cadets
in the Western Military Academy, at New Castle, Ky. ; and
Professor of French and German and Commandant of Cadets
in the University of Nashville.
In 1885 Major Obenchain was married to Miss Lida Calvert,
well known as an interesting writer, some of her most noted
books being "Aunt Jane of Kentucky," "The Land of Long
Ago," and "Coverlets." She survives him with two sons
(William A. Obenchain. Jr., of Frankfort, Ky., and Thomas
Obenchain. of Dallas, Tex) and two daughters (Mrs. Val
Graham Winston, of Dallas, Tex., and Miss Cecil Oben-
chain), a brother (Capt. Francis Obenchain, of Chicago), and
three sisters.
Major Obenchain was a charter member of the XV. Club,
of Bowling Green, and secretary since its organization, thirty-
five years ago. He was a member of Christ Episcopal Church
and its treasurer, lay leader, and senior warden. He was
buried in his Confederate uniform.
W. T. Draper.
Comrade W. T. Draper was born in Sumter County, Ga.,
on September 2, 1844, and died at his home, in Franklin
County, Tex., near Mount Vernon, on May 15, 1916, survived
by his wife and five children, one son and four daughters.
He went to Texas from Barber County, Ala., during the year
1870 and settled in Titus County, later locating in Franklin
County. He entered the Confederate army at Clayton, Ala.,
as a member of Company I, 39th Alabama Infantry, serving
as a private to the close of the war. He was paroled at
Greensboro, N. C, on May 15, 1865. He was a good citizen,
a member of the Baptist Church for many years, and a mem-
ber of Ben McCulloch Camp, U. C. V., at Mount Vernon.
P. A. Blakev, Commander.
T. A. Lunsford.
Holmes County, Miss., lost a good and loyal citizen in the
death of T. A. Lunsford on February I, 1915, at his home,
in Lexington. In the family circle his was a life beautiful
and worthy of emulation, for no sacrifice was too great that
would add to the comfort and happiness of his wife and
children ; and no less was he sympathetic with those who were
in distress and char-
itable to those who
needed his help.
Comrade Lunsford
was born in Alabama
May 19. 1839, going to
Mississippi when quite
young; and he gave
to that State a long
and useful life as one
of her citizens. When
the call to arms came
in 1861 he volun-
teered and entered
the cavalry, serving
with Company A,
28th Mississippi Reg-
iment, Armstrong's
Brigade, Jackson's
Division of Cavalry;
and a sword won by
him in this service
for his country han^'"
on the walls of his
home as a treasured memento of those days. He often ex-
pressed his love and esteem for the comrades who shared
with him the dangers and hardships of war; and the Holmes
County Camp, U. C. V., felt the loss when he passed from
among that band of heroes. He was a member of the Meth-
odist Church and for several years served as its faithful
steward, and his fidelity to the cause of Christ left an in-
fluence for good that will live.
In the Odd Fellows Cemetery at Lexington he was laid to
rest by comrades of the Confederate Veteran Camp and other
friends, while sympathetic words were spoken by his pastor.
Rev. W. J. O'Bryant. who was also a comrade of that cause
that still lives in the hearts of all loyal Southerners.
T. A. LUNSF0RH.
SI6 ^opfederat^ l/eterai).
XDlniteb ^Daughters of tbe Confeberac?
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General
Washington, D. C.
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal First Vice President General
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Troy, Ala Second Vice President General
M RS. Lulu A. Lovell, Denver, Colo Third Vice President General
Mrs. F. M. Williams, Newton, N. C R. cording- Secretary General
Mrs. W. F. Baker, Savannah, Ga Corresponding Secretary General
Mrs. C. B. Tate, Pulaski, Va Treasurer General
Mrs. Orlando Halliburton, Little Rock, Ark Registrar General
Miss Mildred Rutherford, Athens, Ga Historian General
Mrs. John W. Tench, Gainesville, Fla Custodian Cross of Honor
Mrs. W. K. Beard, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian Flags and Pennants
"~Covo JffaAros VZf'omory £tarna/ "
THE COTTON BOLL AND STAR.
BY MRS. J. P. WOOD.
(Air: "Bonnie Blue Flag.")
It is a royal product, this fleecy cotton boll,
Ruling markets of the world with its consort yellow gold;
And when its reign is threatened, the cry sounds near and far
To raise this kingly emblem and crown it with a star.
Chorus.
Hurrah ! Hurrah ! For U. D. C.'s hurrah !
Hurrah for the cotton boll
That's pinned on to a star !
They are a band of daughters unto the honor born,
Guarding well the heritage their love and pride adorn;
And by this motto know them as they think and work and
dare
To raise the Southern emblem and point it with a star.
Forever will these principles be held a sacred trust ;
So long as hearts courageous are watchful, waiting, just,
No one these rights will question or peaceful meetings mar
As they raise on high this emblem, bright jeweled with a star.
God bless these noble women as they work and love and pray,
Loyal to their fathers and the truth of history!
North, east, and west we find them, and the Southern heart
is there,
Living, loving, daring, with the cotton boll and star.
THE GENERAL CONVENTION.
To the Daughters of the Confederacy — Greetings: The
twenty-third annual convention of the United Daughters of
the Confederacy will be held in Dallas, Tex., November 8-12,
and many matters of deep concern to the organization will
come up for attention. To those workers for the South and
its history the Veteran sends Godspeed in all their under-
takings and rededicates itself freely to their interests. This
department was established for their benefit and imposes no
tax upon them financially beyond asking their support through
individual and Chapter subscriptions, by which they will be
kept in touch with the general activities of the organization
and its Divisions. The monthly letter of the President Gen-
eral and the Historian General's programs for historical study
will continue to be the leading features. Those who have
felt the benefit of this department and of the historical ar-
ticles in each number can render reciprocal service by giving
the Veteran their indorsement before the convention.
Gratefully, The Veteran.
THE FLORIDA DIVISION.
BY SISTER ESTHER CARLOTTA, ST. AUGUSTINE.
Summer is not the active time in any Division and less so
in those to the far south, whose activities, beyond the keeping
up with necessary things, relax after the observance of Me-
morial Day, on June 3. With the almost universal and very
beautiful and appropriate observance of this anniversary, so
dear to us, the Florida Division's summer vacation begins
This year one of our Chapters observed that day in a way that
deserves special notice, for Brooksville Chapter, No. 71, dedi-
cated its monument to the Confederate dead. Every organi-
zation of the city was out in force to honor the great event
of the day, and hundreds of people came in from Tampa and
other near-by places. Automobiles, decorated in Confederate
colors and flying Confederate flags, formed a line of parade
at the railroad station and, carrying Confederate veterans and
the women of the sixties, led the way through the city. Near-
ly three thousand persons were in line, and the march swept
on to the music of the Tampa Military Band until it reached
the veiled monument.
MISS MILDRED RUTHERFORD, RETIRING HISTORIAN GENERAL.
(In quaint costume of olden days.)
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
517
Addresses of welcome followed from the city by Mr. C. M.
Price and from the Brooksville Chapter by Mrs. Harry C.
Mickler. After an address by Hon. F. L. Stringer, the son
of a veteran, the Children of the Confederacy sang the official
Division song, "Suwanee River."
After an overture by the band and the earnest invocation
by Rev. H. H. Sturgis, the vast assemblage sang "America."
The Master of Cere-
monies, Hon. Alger-
non Keith ly, read
telegrams of greeting
from Mrs. II. 11.
McCrcary, President
of the Fiona Di-
\ ision ; Sister Esther
Carlotta, S. R., Past
President of the
Florida Division ;
Gen. E. M. Law ; .1
D. Allen, of Lake-
land; and others
Mr. Keithly then
presented the Presi-
dent of the Brooks-
ville Chapter, Mr^
F r e c i e Steadman
Roux, to wlios e
executive ability and
untiring work and
enthusiasm the com-
pletion of the monu-
ment, a dream of
many years, in prac-
tically one year is
due. She welcomed the friends present and then presented
Mrs. William F. Gwynne, of Fort Myers, Fourth Vice Prcsi
dent of the Florida Division, who represented the State Presi
dent and spoke in hearty congratulation.
Following these opening numbers came the address by the
orator of the day, Hon. C. B. Parkhill, an eloquent and pop-
ular speaker, wdio did full justice to the heroes of the past,
private and chief, and paid a beautiful tribute to the women
of the South. After the song, "Do They Love Us Still in
Dixie?" came the crowning moment of the ceremonies, when
two of the charter members of the Chapter. Mesdames Bums
and Corman, and the Chapter President, Mrs. Roux, pulled
the cords that held the veil and revealed the simple figure of
a Confederate soldier in Italian marble whose pathos made its
appeal to the hearts of the assemblage. The shaft is of gran-
ite, a double base surmounted by a pedestal, on which stands
the marble figure. On the front face is carved the battle flag
of the Confederacy, with the years 1861-65. Underneath is
;he inscription :
"Confederate SoLnims
Erected by Brooksviu.f. Chapter, No. 71,
June 3, 1916.
Love makes memory eternal."
< »n the other side is the following:
"This monument perpetuates the memory
of our fallen heroes.
'We care not whence they came.
Dear is their lifeless clay,
THE MONUMENT AT BROOKSVILLE.
Whether unknown or known to fame,
Their cause and country still the same,
They died — and wore the gray,'
Leaving to posterity a glorious heritage and
imperishable record of dauntless valor."
As the veil dropped "Dixie" was played by the band and
sung by the crowd, while the far-famed Rebel yell awoke the
echoes in the enthusiastic shout of veteran voices.
Mrs. Roux then presented the monument to the city of
Brooksville, reserving to the Daughters of the Confederacy
of the Brooksville Chapter the privilege of caring for and
beautifying the grounds around it.
The Mayor of Brooksville, Hon. W. R. Chalker, accepted the
monument, expressing feelingly the gratitude and appreciation
of the city and pledging the city and Hernando County to its
care. The Daughters and Children of the Confederacy then
pl.iced about the base of the monument the many beautiful
floral tributes. A salute was fired by the military company, the
bugler sounded "taps," and as the lingering music died away
every head bowed for the benediction by Rev. F. H. Hensley,
which closed the day
fraught with joy and
pride, with memories
proud and sorrowful.
\ picnic dinner was
served to all present by
the organization of the
city, under direction of
a committee of ladies
from the various clubs.
The day was one long
to be remembered for
the beauty of the cere-
monies and the hospi-
tality of the city.
This account is fit-
tingly closed with a
word of tribute to the
faithful Chapter Presi-
dent, Mrs. Roux, whose
fidelity and devotion
to the cause of the
monument, as well as
to the other work of
her office, is well
known. There will be many a Confederate soldier, here and
in the beyond, to know that she "loved them well in Dixie."
MRS. f. s. ROUX.
THE BOSTON CHAPTER.
Although one of the youngest Chapters in the organization,
and the only one so far east, the Boston Chapter, No. 1 517.
U. D. C, has a record for accomplishment which shows
the zeal of its membership. Its report to the convention at
Dallas will be heard with interest. That it has been one of the
most liberal contributors to the work of the general organiza-
tion this year, the following will show: Red Cross Window,
Mrs. C. B. Tate, $75; Relief Fund, Mrs. Norman Randolph,
$15; Solid South Room, Mrs. C. H. Silliman, $5; Shiloh Mon-
ument Fund, Mrs. F. M. Williams, $to; in aid of veteran
in the District of Columbia, Col. P. M. de Leon, $20; monu-
ment at Winchester, Va., Miss Lucy Russell, $5.
5i8
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
Ibistorical programs
BY MISS MILDRED RUTHERFORD, ATHENS, GA.
Presidents and Historians U. D. C. may procure pamphlet,
"Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln," by sending two cents
per copy.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR DECEMBER, 1916.
The War of 1812.
(Answers to be found in "Historical Sins of Omission and
Commission," pages 7-10.)
Ritual.
1. Why was the War of 1812 necessary? Who urged it?
2. Who -wrote "The Divine Purpose of the War of 1812"?
3. Who opposed the war, and for what reasons?
4. Who wrote the Proclamation of Neutrality? When?
How regarded at home and abroad?
5. What great thing did Washington accomplish by it?
6. Why did England and France object to these laws of
neutrality?
7. Why are foreign nations objecting to them now?
8. What is the Monroe Doctrine? When adopted?
9. Have we not a right to quarantine war as any other pest?
10. What do some Northern histories say of this war?
11. Who offered the resolution to declare war?
12. Who was President? Who was Speaker of the House?
13. Who offered the resolution to increase the navy?
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR DECEMBER, 1916
Refugeeing.
Ritual.
1. What is meant by a refugee?
2. Read the story of Kitty Grim.
3. Give some incidents that occurred to force the women
and children to leave their homes — i. e., in Atlanta, Ga., Co-
lumbia, S. C, New Orleans, La., Charleston, S. C, Richmond,
V., Winchester, Va.
4. What was done to the women and children who sang
"Dixie" and "Bonny Blue Flag" in New Orleans?
5. Who was "Beast Butler," and why so called?
6. Sing "Bonny Blue Flag" and tell where it was first sung.
7. Give the story of the "Battle of the Handkerchiefs."
Where did it take place?
Reading: "Kitty Grim."
Reading: "The Evacuation of Richmond."
SCHOLARSHIPS IN GEORGIA DIVISION.
The Georgia Division desires beneficiaries for the loan
scholarships at Draughon's Business College. Students may
take either the stenographic or bookkeeping course or both
without paying the price of tuition. When they have finished
and have secured positions, they are to pay ten per cent of
their salaries to the Division until the amount has been paid.
Beneficiaries must be of Confederate lineage and of limited
means and must have finished the eighth grade. The Division
is seeking worthy, ambitious boys and girls who will reflect
credit on all concerned.
For further information write to Mrs. Julian C. Lane, Chair-
man, Statesboro, Ga.
THE CHAPTER AT HUGHES SPRINGS, TEX.
The work of the Daughters of the Confederacy is always
strengthened by the
cooperation of the
veterans, in whose
interest the great or-
ganization came into
being. In some
places Chapters have
been organized
P through the zealous
— 4p efforts of the vet-
erans themselves
Such was the case
\^ at Hughes Springs,
Tex., where the
Tom Hearne Chap-
ter, U. D. G, was
formed under the
inspiration of the
State Rights Camp.
U. C. V., at that
place. While not a
large Chapter, it
has a strong mem-
bership and may be
expected to rank well in the many undertakings of the gen-
eral organization.
MRS. CARRIE HENDERSON,
President Tom Ilearne Chapter, U. D. C.
SHILOH MONUMENT FUND.
Report of Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, Treasurer, from
September 4 to October 10, 1916.
Alabama: Tuscumbia Chapter, $10; Barbour County Chap-
ter, $3 ; John H. Forney Chapter, $5 ; Avondale Chapter, $2 ;
Selma Chapter, $5 ; C. A. Whitmore (personal), 50 cents;
Josiah Gorgas Chapter, $2; Troy Chapter, $2.50; Sidney La-
nier Chapter, $5 ; William Terry Hodges Chapter, $1 ; Clay-
ton Chapter, $2 ; Virginia Clay Clopton Chapter, $3. Total.
$41.
Arkansas : Pat Cleburne Chapter, Hope, $5 ; Nancy Guinn
Chapter, C. of C, Little Rock, $1 ; Ann S. Semmes Chapter.
Wilson, $2 ; Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter, Batesville, $5 ;
Henry G. Bunn Chapter, El Dorado, $5 ; Margaret Rose Chap-
ter, Little Rock, $5 ; T. C. Hindman Chapter, Lonoke, $5 :
Mrs. L. C. Hall (personal), $12. Total, $40.
California : Robert E. Lee Chapter, Los Angeles, $15 ; Joseph
Le Conte Chapter, Berkeley, $2.50; Albert Sidney Johnston
Chapter, San Francisco, $108.50. Total, $126.
Georgia : C. O. Hone Chapter, Hawkinsville, $5 ; Americus
Chapter, $5 ; Milledgeville Chapter, $1 ; Robert Toombs Chap-
ter, Lyons, $1 ; Fort Gaines Chapter, $1 ; Phil Cook Chapter.
Montezuma, $1 ; Eatonton Chapter, $5 ; Wallace-Edwards
Chapter, Butler, $1 ; Mary Ann Williams Chapter, Sanders-
ville, $2; Thirza David Chapter, Maysville, $2; Fannie Gor-
don Chapter, Eastman, $5; Rome Chapter, $2; Moultrie-
McNeil Chapter, Moultrie, $2.50; Henry M. McDaniel Chap-
ter, Monroe, $1; Forsythe Chapter, $2; Savannah Chapter.
$10; Sharman of Upton Chapter, Thomaston, $5; Willie Hunt
Smith Chapter, Barnsville, $2.50. Total, $54.
Illinois: Chicago Chapter, $25; check from Miss Helen M.
Bailey, $10. Total, $35.
Qoi?federat^ Veteraij.
519
Kentucky : Through Paducah Chapter, $44.25 (contributed
by W. E. Cochran, $5; Dr. H. T. Rivers, $1; Mrs. Louise
Maxwell, $1 ; Joseph K. Exall, $S ; Fred Acker, $1; William
Gilbert, $1 ; Frank Moore, $1 ; Edwin Hawkins, 50 cents ;
Herbert Hawkins, 50 cents; David Roger, $1; Edwin Bring-
hurst, $1 ; Mrs. Harry McElwee, 25 cents ; Dr. R. E. Hearne,
$5; W. C. Bland, Uniontown, $10; E. A. Rivers, $1 ; Luke
Russell, $1 ; H. C. Sherrill, $1 ; T. Cooney, $1 ; Joseph Ryburn,
$1; Roy W. McKinney, $1; Morton Hand, $1; Virgie Chas-
teen, $1 ; Charles Alcott, $1 ; Sanders Fowler, $1 ; Cms Thomp-
son, $1); Col. Henry George (personal), Pcuee Valley, $5;
Alex Poston Chapter, Cadiz, $5; J. X. Williams Chapter,
Murray, $2.50; Charles Rice, through Col. Ed Crossland Chap-
ter, Fulton, $j ; Regiwald H. Thompson Chapter, La Grange.
$1.80; Nick Holcomb, through Private Robert Tyler Chapter,
Hickman, $1; Earlington Chapter, $5; John C. Breckinridge
Chapter, Owensboro, $2 ; Col. Ed Crossland Chapter, Fulton,
$2.50; Private Robert Tyler Chapter, Hickman, 35 cents;
Richard Hawcs Chapter, Paris, $10; Mrs. J. M. Arnold,
through Mrs. Basil Duke Chapter, Fort Thomas, $1 ; Mrs.
Lucy Thomas Swearington (personal), $1 ; Joshua Gore Chap-
ter, Bloomfield, $1 ; Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter, Louis-
ville, $20. Total, $103.40.
Mississippi: Corinth Chapter, $25; Amory Chapter, $2.50;
children of Boonville new school, $2.39; Hattiesburg Chapter,
$2.50; little Miss Sarah Dance (personal), $1. Total, $33.39.
Missouri: F. M. Cockrell Camp. S. C. V., East Prairie. $2.
New York : Mary Mildred Sullivan Chapter, $25 ; Mrs. F.
G. Burke, through New York Chapter, $60. Total, $85.
North Carolina: To check from Mrs Williams for Division
donations, $33.35; Ransom Sherrill Chapter, in memory of Mrs.
A. J. Seagle. Newton, $5. Total, $38.35.
Ohio: A. S. Johnston Chapter, Cincinnati, $26.04; Stonewall
Jackson Chapter, Cincinnati, $2 ; Dayton Chapter, $7. Total,
$35-04.
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Chapter, $25; Pittsburgh Chap-
ter, $3. Total. $28.
South Carolina: William Easley Chapter, Easley, $5; Black-
Oak Chapter, Pinopolis, $5.30; Chester Chapter, $5; Dixie
Chapter. Anderson, $5; John B. Kcnshaw Chapter, Laurens,
$5; Hampton-Lee Chapter, Greer. $10; Lottie Green Chapter.
Bishopville, $5; Winnie Davis Chapter. York. $10; Mary Ann
Buie Chapter, Johnston, $2; John C, Calhoun Chapter. Clem-
son College, $3; Edward Croft Chapter. Aiken. $2.25; Man
Carroll Brooks Chapter. Ninety-Six; $4; Maxev Cregg Chap-
ter, Florence, $5: Fort Sumter Chapter, Greenville, $5; Marl-
boro Chapter, Bcnnettsville, $5; John Bratton Chapter. Winns-
boro, $10; Jefferson Davis Auxiliary Union, $1; Ashby Con-
rad Chapter, C. of C, York, $2: Mrs. 11. H. Hindman (per-
sonal), Aiken, $5; the two Snowden boys, Charleston. $2;
Mrs. J. I.. McWhirter (personal). Jonesville, $3.75. Total.
$100.30.
Tennessee: Mary Latham Chapter, Memphis, $310.20; T.
M. Hurst, Arnot. Pa., through Shiloh Chapter, Savannah, $1:
W. B. Garvin, Chattanooga, through 5th Tennessee Regiment
Chapter, Paris, $10; C. C. Miller, through sth Tennessee Regi-
ment Chapter, Paris. $5: N. B. Forrest Camp, I'. C. V.. I
tanooga, $5: Joe Wheeler Chapter, Staunton. $5: I.. E. Hurst,
through Joe Wheeler Chapter, Staunton. $1 ; Gordon-I.ee
Chapter. Whitcville, $10; Zollicoffer-Fulton Chapter. T\;
ville, $10; Miss Evelyn Pegues (personal), Jackson, $1 : Mrs
Jernigan, through 5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris
$5; Miss Alice Jernigan, through 5th Tennessee Regiment
Chapter, Paris, $6; W. C. Johnson, through 5th Tennessee
Regiment Chapter, Paris, $5 ; Mrs.- James Crawford, through
5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $2; Mrs. Cora Mc-
Neill, through 5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter, Paris, $10;
Mrs. Joe Randle, through 5th Tennessee Regiment Chapter,
Paris, $5; South Pittsburg Chapter, $10; V. C. Allen Chapter,
Dayton, $10; John W. Morton Chapter, Camden, $5.04; S. P.
Reed Camp, S. C. V., Dyer, $10; C. F. Sevier, a Confederate
veteran, through Shiloh Chapter, Savannah, $1 ; Neely Chap-
ter, Bolivar, $5: Tennessee Division. $65; Mrs. W. E. Mc-
Dougal, through Shiloh Chapter, Savannah, 70 cents; Shiloh
Chapter, Savannah, $15; A. P. Stewart Chapter, Chattanooga.
$5; Sarah Law Chapter, Memphis, $10; Fred Ault Camp, U
C. V. Knoxville, $5. total, $532.94.
Texas: Will A. Miller Chapter. Amarillo, $2; Daffan-Latti-
mer Chapter, Ennis, $5 ; Navarro Chapter, Corsicana, $5 ; Wills
Point Chapter, $1; Marshall Chapter, $10; Bell County Chap-
ter. Belton, $2.50; Mary West Chapter, Waco, $10; Sammie
G. Neill Chapter, Port Arthur, $250; Capt. E. S. Rugeley
Chapter, Bay City, $5 ; Hannibal Boone Chapter, Navasoto, $5 ;
Waco freewill offering, $2(10; William P. Rogers Chapter, Vic-
toria. $5; Mollie Moore Davis Chapter, Tyler. $4; Mis. J. O.
Seastrunk (personal), Tyler, $1 ; Benavides Chapter, Laredo,
$10; T. C. Cain Chapter, Bastrop, $1 ; Oran M. Roberts Chap-
ter, Houston. $5; R. E. Lee Chapter, Houston, $10; Winnie
Davis Chapter, Memphis. $1 ; R. E. Lee Chapter, Coleman, $1 ;
Barnard E. Lee Chapter, San Antonio, $5. Total. $93.60.
Virginia: Tazewell Chapter, $10; S. H. Hawes (personal).
Richmond, $20; James H. Dooley (personal), Richmond, $25:
Light-Horse Harry Lee Chapter, Jonesville, $10; Bowling
Green Chapter, $5; William Watts Chapter, Roanoke, $5;
Richmond Chapter, Richmond, $15; Boydton Chapter, $5; C.
R. Mason Chapter, R. I'". I)., Staunton. $12; Wesley Carter
Chapter, Upperville, $5; Beaver Dam Chapter, Carrsville, $1:
Capt. B. F. Jarratt Chapter, Jarratt, $5; Bath County Chap-
ter, Warm Springs. $1; Powhatan Chapter, $5; Lee-Jackson
Chapter, Lilian, $5; Sussex Chapter, $1.50; II. A. Carringtou
Chapter, Charlotte C. IL, $1; Hampton Wade Chapter, Chris-
tiansburg, $io; John W. Daniels Chapter, Newport News, $i ;
Southern Cross Chapter, Salem, $10: Isle of Wight Chapter
Smithtield, $10; Surry Chapter, $1; Mrs. A. A. Campbell
(personal), Wytheville, $5: Mrs. J. F. F. Cassell. for Staun-
ton Juniors, $5; T. C. Williams, Richmond, $25; H. P. Mayo
(personal), Richmond, $15; Dr. Stuart McGuire (personal).
Richmond. $25; Richmond Chapter, $2.50; Albemarle Chapter,
Charlottesville, $5; Portsmouth Chapter, $10; Caroline Chap-
ter, Croxton, $3: Robert E. Lee Chapter. Falls Church. $2;
Chesterfield Chapter, South Richmond, $5; Goochland Chap
ter, Vinita, $3; C. R Mason Chapter, R. F. D., Staunton. $2.50:
Randolph-Preston Chapter Vuxiliary, Christiansburg, $5; New
Kent Chapter, $1; Essex Chapter, Rappahannock, $5; Chestei
field Juniors, South Richmond, $5; Salver-Lee Chapter, Not
ton, $9; John S. Bryan (personal), Richmond, $10; John Q
Marr Camp, S. C. V., Fairfax. $10; Mrs. Randolph and Miss
N ouell, 40 cents; Amelia Chapter. $5; R. E Lee Camp. No. 1.
U. C. V., Richmond. $10. Total. $331.90.
Washington: Washington Division, $41.
West Virginia ; Berkelej County Chapter, Martinsburg
Stonewall Jackson Chapter. Clarksburg, $5; Winnie Davis
Chapter. Moorefield, $5; Parkersburg Chapter, $10; Lawsoi
l'.otts Chapter, Charlestown, $5 Total, $50.
\inount collected, $1.770.0.'; refunded to Mis Hall, $12.
Collections in hands of Treasurer since last report, $1,758.92.
Total in hands of Treasurer at last report. $10,583.01.
Total in hands of 'Treasurer to date, $12,341.93.
520
^opfederat^ l/eterar?.
Confeberateb Southern /Iftemortal association
Mrs. W. J. Beh AN President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwell Treasurer .
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall ? Historian
1 105H Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
1 13 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Next Convention to be held in
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. J. C. Lee
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Carside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs Horace L. Simpson
Georgia— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi— Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missot-Ri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Caroli na — Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwitb
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Frazei
Virginia — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
Washington, D. C.
HISTORIC GAVELS OF THE C. S. M. A.
BY MRS. JOHN G. HARRISON, RECORDING SECRETARY OF LADIES'
MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW ORLEANS, LA.
In 1900, when the United Confederate Veterans held their
Reunion in Louisville, Ky., a call was made by the Southern
Memorial Association of Fayetteville, Ark., to unite in one
body all Confederate Memorial Associations of Southern wom-
en. This general meeting was held in the music room of the
Gait House, of the convention city. Miss Julia A. Garside, of
Fayetteville, Ark., presided ; while Miss Sue Walker stated
the object of the meeting. Mrs. W. J. Behan, of New Orleans,
La., was unanimously elected President ; and she has ever
since ruled the destiny and piloted the course of this veteran
organization, composed of Associations from the following
States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Ten-
nessee, Virginia, South Carolina, and Missouri. Many of these
have celebrated this year their fiftieth anniversary, their birth
dating in 1866. Of the honored veterans who wore the gray
so nobly and so bravely, in convention assembled, they asked
the great pleasure and esteemed privilege of holding their
annual reunion at the same time and place. A stirring appeal
was made by Mrs. Lizzie Pollard, President of the Southern
Memorial Association of Fayetteville, Ark. ; and the brave
women of the South whom it eulogized 'were accorded the
favors so patriotically requested.
It was during these reunions that the gavel became a most
important adjunct to the sessions and gatherings. What is a
gavel? A gavel is usually defined as a small mallet used by
the presiding officer of a legislative body or public assembly
to attract attention and signal for order. In itself it is a little
thing; but when we consider its usefulness, its quieting in-
fluence, and oftentimes its historical character, it becomes
big and more deeply interesting. It is in this regard that the
ladies of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association
are appreciative and proud of the many gavels that have come
into their possession. These, to them, priceless souvenirs have
been presented to their President, Mrs. W. J. Behan, down
through the years, each telling its own story, bearing upon
its tablet the date of its bestowal and its origin.
At the second annual convention of this Association, held in
Memphis, Tenn., in May, 1901, two gavels were presented.
Mrs. Letitia Frazer, the hostess President, welcomed most
cordially these Memorial women from all parts of the South-
land to the fair city of Memphis and, in the name of Mrs. B.
J. Semmes, presented a gavel made from a tree grown at
Beauvoir, Miss., the home of President Davis in his last years.
The second gavel came from Mrs. Jefferson Davis through
Mrs. Joseph R. Davis, of New Orleans. It also came from
Beauvoir and was bound by a silver ring once held in the
baby fingers of Winnie Davis, the beloved and lamented
"Daughter of the Confederacy."
The seventh annual convention of the C. S. M. A. was held
in New Orleans, La., during April, 1906; and after the opening
prayer Mrs. J. C. Lee, of Montgomery, Ala., asked for the
courtesy of the floor and presented to the President General
a historic gavel made from the wood of a crape myrtle which
grew on the grounds of the executive mansion at Montgomery
during President Davis's administration. Another gavel was
presented at this convention, coming from the Adjutant Gen-
eral and Chief of Staff of the Louisiana Division, U. C. V„
T. W. Castleman, and this was engraved thereon : "From
battle field of Chickamauga, fought September 19, 20, 1863."
The eighth annual convention, held in Richmond, Va., in
1907, brought a historic gavel made from the root of a tree
which grew near the old tower on Jamestown Island, upon
whose soil this "great nation was born three hundred years
ago. This valuable memento was presented by Mrs. J. Taylor
Ellyson, President of Hollywood Memorial Association, and
accepted with gratitude by the President General, Mrs. W.
J. Behan.
At the fourteenth annual convention, held in Chattanooga.
Tenn., during the month of May, 1913, Mrs. M. T. Arm-
strong, President of the Association of the hostess city, pre-
sented a gavel made of laurel wood grown on Lookout Moun-
tain, a priceless souvenir of this patriotic spot.
The last gavel to be given to the C. S. M. A. was presented
at Jacksonville, Fla., during the fifteenth convention, by ex-
Senator William S. Shands, of Virginia. It was another
memory link from Jamestown, Va., being made from a tree
near the old church.
These heirlooms are held in sacred trust by Mrs. W. J.
Behan, the President General of the C. S. M. A., to be be-
queathed to that band of noblest women ever joined together
for a noble purpose, the women of the Confederacy. Their
final resting place will undoubtedly be in that grand tribute
to Southern valor, the Confederate Museum in Richmond,
Va.
Unknown Graves. — The Ladies' Memorial Association of
Manassas, Va., through two members of its Executive Board,
Messrs. W. Hutchison and George D. Baker, have located
six Confederate graves several miles from town on the prop-
erty of Mr. E. R. Connor. Three of the graves are un-
marked. The other three, as far as can be read, are in-
scribed as follows ; "A. J. Smith, 16th Mississippi ;" "C. C.
Archbell, Co. I, 4th N. C, aged 30 years;" " Carter,
, 1861." Mrs. Westwood Hutchison, President of the
Association, will be glad to hear from any one who may have
further information concerning these Confederate dead.
C^opfederat^ l/eterai).
521
CAPT. SALLIE TOMPKINS.
Miss Sallie Louisa Tompkins, who died in Richmond, Va.,
on July 26, 1916, at the age of eighty-three years, was the only
woman who received a commission in the army of the Con-
federacy. The service she rendered made her one of the most
striking heroines of the South during the war period. The
keynote of her life was sounded when the guns of the in-
vading army sent sudden death and suffering among the
heroes of the Southern Confederacy. While many other
Southern women,
perhaps all, felt as
she did, few had the
power of organiza-
tion, fortitude, phys-
ical endurance, and
the ample means it
was her delight to
give.
Just after the bat-
tle of First Manas-
sas the Confederate
government issued
an appeal to the peo-
ple of Richmond to
open their homes to
the wounded, as
there were not hos-
pitals sufficient to
care for them. Pos-
sessed of ample
means and a big
heart, Miss Sallie
Tompkins was
among the first to respond; and at her own expense she fitted
up the old home of Judge John Robinson, which had been
placed at her disposal. This became the famous Robinson
Hospital, where so many sick and wounded Confederate sol-
diers received the Under ministrations of the "little lady with
the milk-white hands," as she was affectionately referred to
The wealth and beauty and fashion of the city gathered at
this hospital every day and gave themselves to the task of re
lieving the suffering: but to Miss Sallie fell the harder part
of directing the work and providing the necessary nourish-
ment and medicines. With her medicine chest strapped to her
side and her Bible in her hand',, sin- flitted from duty to dun,
ever ready to ease pain or to relieve a distressed soul. It was
noted by the authorities that a larger number of patients were
returned from her hospital than from any other: so th(
her then the most desperate cases, hoping she might save where
others failed. From the time of opening her hospital until
June 10, 1865, she labored early and late, and thirteen hun-
dred men were returned to the field by her. ready again to
light or die for their country. The woundi I to be
taken to Miss Tompkins's hospital "if possible"; and while ii
was always crowded to the limit, her great heart sent forth
the message: "My hospital can never be too crowded to hold
a Mathews or a Gloucester County soldier." When the order
went ..in for all private hospitals to he closed, President Davis
gave her ;> regular captain's commission in recognition of
her services so she might issue orders and draw rations to
add to her own liberality, which had almost exhausted her
1 large fortune.
On a visit to Johns Hopkins Hospital sometime after the
war Mi-- fompkins was treated with greal distinction and
MISS S. L. TOMPKINS.
asked to examine their record of typhoid fever patients, which
she found showed a higher percentage of death than hers. To
the inquiry as to what medicines she used she replied: "We
had nothing but whisky and turpentine." To this could have
been added, "the best nursing and perfect cleanliness."
After the dark days of war and her soldiers had returned
to their homes, the romance of her life came in the many
offers of marriage from men of all ranks in the army, too
many offers even to be answered. Miss Sallie would smile
gently and say : "Poor fellows, they arc not yet well of their
fevers." She had not the remarkable beauty of the Virginia
women of her day, but of her it was said that she had "a
splendid face." ami wholesome strength of mind and character
look the place of more frivolous charms. She was small, not
over live feet in height, but there were dignity and force in
her presence.
In later years Miss Tompkins devoted herself to Church
work and gave liberally of her means and personal service.
During conventions of the Episcopal Church, of which she was
nit member, her great hospitality found vent in taking
some large house and inviting her friends, young and old, to
be her guests. For the Confederate Reunion in Richmond
in [896 she rented a house and let it he known that her hos-
pitality was free to any Confederate soldier who could find
no other refuge in the city. During the time she held an
almost constant levee. All that were left of them— left of the
thirteen hundred she had brought hack to life — came to her
door, guided by the Confederate Mag and the word "Welcome"
at the entrance, to renew old memories and to find their
11, inus, rank, duration of illness, etc.. in her old hospital book
of records.
In lite years her large means were depleted bj financial dis-
aster: ami when the Confederate Woman's Home was estab-
lished on Grace Street in Richmond, she was invited to come
as an honored guest. There she was the recipient of gifts,
honors, and attentions from many distinguished persons, es-
pecially during Confederate Reunions, when the little lady
would -it enthroned in her chair and hold daily receptions;
and whenever she entered 1 convention hall of the Daughters
of the Confederacy, the whole body rose to receive her. The
Chapters at Gloucester ami Mathews C. H., Va., were n..med
in her honor, and delegations from both attended the funeral
services at the Home in Richmond. All the Confederate or
ations of the city were represented, and three repre-
sentatives from Lee Camp. U. C. V.. accompanied the re-
mains to Mathews (Aunty, where she was buried at Kingston
Church beside her sister. Elizabeth Patterson Tompkins, who,
before, had built this church. Rev. William Byrd
lso went from Richmond and assisted Dr. Panic in the
mi, il service. Many beautiful floral tributes came from peo-
ple and associations in and out of the State. Her name and
fame will never be forgotten so long as there is memory of
the heroic part played by the women of the South during the
War between the Sti
Miss Tompkins came of patriotic and distinguished lineage.
Her father was Col. Christopher Tompkins, a noted patriot
and soldier of his day; her mother was Maria Patterson,
daughter of John Patterson, Esq., of Poplar Grove, and Eliza-
beth Tabb, of Toddsbury, all of Gloucester and Mathews
Counties. Va, John Patterson was a naval officer of some
distinction. When but a 1 nteen he had been breveted
tor gallantry on the field of Monmouth by Washington him-
self and was transferred to the navy by his own request.
1 1 lontlnued mi page 524.)
522
Confederate Veteran.
80N8 OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized im July, 1S96, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Adjutant in Chief, X. B. Forrest, Biloxl, Miss.
J
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DIVISION, S. C. V.
w. e. erockman, division commander. washington, n. c.
General Orders No. i.
Sons of Confederate Veterans: You are hereby informed of
your appointment on the staff of the Division Commander of
the District of Columbia, Sons of Confederate Veterans.
Owing to the coming Reunion, all eyes are turned to this
city in anticipation of one of the greatest Reunions ever held
in the history of our organization. It is for us to make this
affair a success. In order to accomplish this, it will be neces-
sary to have the cooperation of each Son of the District of
Columbia. You are, therefore, urged to cooperate with our
local Camp and lend your aid in every way possible.
The following appointments art- made to rank from October
i, 1916:
Adjutant in Chief, Edward A. Brand.
Executive Committee, J. Roy Price, F. R. Fravel, Marshall
Smith.
Quartermaster in Chief, Roland L. Davidson.
Commissary in Chief, W. R. Roberts.
Judge Advocate in Chief, R. Walton Moore.
Surgeon in Chief, Dr. A. Y. P. Garnett.
Chaplain in Chief, Rev. Andrew R. Bird.
Monument Committee, Ben E. Estopinal.
Finance Committee, Hugh Brewster.
Relief Committee. Allen M. Laster.
Historical Committee, W. J. Goodwin.
Resolutions Committee South Trimble, Jr.
Reunion Convention Committees, S. C. V.
National Chairman, Maj. Elbert W. R. Ewing.
National Vice Chairman, Gen. H. Oden Lake.
National Secretary, James Roy Price.
Accommodation, W. R. Roberts.
Program and Souvenir, Fred O. Lake.
Camp Fire, Wallace Streater.
Decoration, George T. Rawlins.
Entertainment, F. R. Fravel.
Finance, Edward A. Brand.
Grand Stand, W. L. Wilkerson.
Historic Sites, Hugh Brewster.
Hotels, Charles N. McCullough.
Information, Sanford D. Covington.
Invitation, William S. Stamper.
Sponsor and Maids, W. Everett Brockman.
Medical, Dr. J. H. Digges.
Music, Claude N. Bennett.
Printing, Abner H. Ferguson.
Public Comfort, William C. Black.
Public Order, H. C. Rothrock.
Publicity, John Boyle.
Badge and Parade, H. O. Lake.
Reception, George B. Ashby.
Transportation, Harry F. Cary.
OFFICERS OF WASHINGTON CAMP, NO. 305.
Commander, Maj. E. W. R. Ewing; First Lieutenant, George
T. Rawlins; Second Lieutenant, George B. Ashby; Adjutant,
Dr. W. Brooks Hicks; Treasurer, William S. Stamper; Sur-
geon, Dr. J. H. Digges ; Quartermaster, Sanford Covington ;
Chaplain, Rev. Andrew R. Bird ; Color Sergeant, T. Stuart
.Murray; Historian, Wallace Streater.
The New Commander.
Maj. Elbert W. R. Ewing is a son of the late Capt. Joseph
F.wing, of Lee County, Va., who was a soldier in the Army of
Northern Virginia. His
ancestry is Scotch-Irish.
He is an alumnus of
the University of Vir-
ginia and other institu-
tions of learning and a
member of the bars of
Virginia, Missouri, and
the District of Colum-
bia. He is the author
of several books on
history, including "Le-
gal and Historical Sta-
tus of the Dred Scott
Decision," "Northern
Rebellion and Southern
Secession," and "Law
and History of the
Hayes-Tilden Contest"
Major Ewing is a
veteran of the Spanish-
American War, having
served as Captain of
Volunteers, Kentucky Troops. He also served as Major of
the Missouri State Militia, during which time he had the ex-
perience of leading his troops under fire during certain labor
troubles. He is now serving in a legal capacity with the
United States Reclamation Service of Washington City.
[Urgent personal business caused W. E. Brockman, Com-
mander of the District of Columbia Division, to resign as
National Chairman, and Maj. E. W. R. Ewing was appointed
to that important position.]
maj. E. w. r. ewing.
THE HERITAGE OF A SON.
West Nashville, Tenn., September 5, 1916.
To the Confederate Veteran: Permit me as one of your
subscribers and as the son of a Confederate soldier to express
my appreciation of the noble work you are doing for the truth
of Southern history. I always enjoy the Veteran, but this
month's issue was especially interesting. I was struck with
two statements, one made in the article of Mrs. Stephen D
Knox on "Truth Crushed to Earth," and the other appearing
in the reminiscences of John Coxe, "When I Was Wounded."
Mrs. Knox is unquestionably right when she says: "The
hero worship of Mr. Lincoln will in time pass, and the world
will know that he was flesh and blood, with hopes and ambi-
tions, passions and faults, just as the rest of us weak mortals.,
though a wonderful and unusual man." I am perfectly willing
to let that sentence stand as the final estimate which the
world will eventually make of Abraham Lincoln. For a long
time the North has regarded Mr. Lincoln with an idolatrous
admiration and has refused to look at even the bare sugges-
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
523
aon of a flaw iii his character. But in time ii will be different.
For years the great Lee was denied his rightful meed of ap-
preciation as America's foremost military genius, but time is
steadily placing him higher and higher in the halls of fame.
And so some day, let us hope, it will be possible even for a
Yankee to write a book without comparing Mr. Lincoln with
the Lord Jesus Christ.
Mr. Coxe in his highly entertaining contribution, after
speaking of the revolting murder of a Southern woman by a
Federal soldier, says: "To-day we talk about and condemn the
preventable cruelties < > f the present European war; but if all
the preventable cruelties and outrages of our own war be-
tween the States could be written up, there would be sufficient
to till many large volumes."
No sounder truth was ever uttered. In the outbreak of our
lorror over the European tragedies we forget Sherman's
h to the sea" and Sheridan in the Vallej of Virginia
md the hundreds of outrages perpetrated (and never pun
ished) by a vindictive and remorseless soldiery in
■very part of oui Southland. But it we ever mention these
things to-day, we are besought to hold ,,ur peace, lest we
viiund the delicate sensibilities of these same Northern!
Let the truth be told, Let every old < isidei
1 In- duty to place on record the facts as he knows the
garding the Confederate cause and tin great struggli
Southern independence, 1 am one of the generation which
ias , ome upi 'ii the si ene sini e thi srm >ki oi bi ttl ind the
sound of the cannon's roar have died away : but I believe
that the Southern cause was just and right, that defeat is not
the test of the righteousness of a cause, and that it would
lave been infinitely better for "iir whole country had the prill
•iplc of State sovereignty been successful in the struggle.
\nd in this 1 am no "old fogy," looking dreamily back on thi
"good old days," for 1 am yet on the sunny side of thin.
But right is right, and some day it will be seen and acknowl-
edged that every Confederate banner that waved over a stricken
tield, every shotted gun that voiced its grim message of de-
nance to the embattled North, every drop of Southern blood
that stained the soil of our land was waved and fired and shed
in defense of the precious riejit of self-government and of the
original Constitution of the Union. G. B. HARRIS, Jr.
WHERE FORREST SURRENDERED.
Mrs. C. W. McMahon, of Sumter Chapter, U. D. C. Lh
in, Ala. asks cooperation in a worthy undertaking: "At
die suggestion of Mrs. Brownson, of Victoria, Tex, the
United Daughters of the Confederacy will endeavor to place
1 monument in Gainesville, Ala., on or near the place when
General Forrest surrendered. It seems necessary to in irk this
historic spot for the information of future generations. Even
■low many do not know that it was in this quaint old
■in the Tombigbee River that the gallant men of Forrest's
Brigade laid down their arms. Any one wishing to contribute
to this cause may send contributions to Miss Bibb Graves, of
Montgomery, Ala., President of the Alabama Division, U. D.
C, or to the Treasurer of Sumter Chapter, Livingston, Ala
I'he members of this Chapter will do ill they can to push for-
ward the work and would like all Confederate veterans, not
only from Alabama, but from Mississippi, Missouri, and other
Stan-, who were present on this mi occasion to con-
tribute to the marking of this historic spot. Contributions
will be gladly received from any patriotic person interested
in thi- c lus
A SOLDIER OF WAR AND PEACE.
The Wade Hampton Chapter, U. D. C, of Varnvillc. S C,
pays tribute to its friend and hero :
"Rev. W. H. Dowling, of Hampton County, S. C, is a
man worthy of the love and respect of all who know him.
His long life of seventy-four years has been spent in useful-
ness and kindness. He is a direct descendant of Robert
Dowling, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, and was born
ami reared in what is
now Hampton County.
! te enlisted at the
beginning of the War
between the States ami
fought throughout the
years, taking part
in many battles in the
!inas and Virginia,
and he was distinguished
for his bravery on man}
\t Chi
Station, being sent on
picket with others. In
en Federals
and delivered them safe
in prison. And when
mK mule a charge
from Beauregard's ex-
back
irty of the
tiy, and held
until their ammunition
e out. Sergeant Dow-
ling led an advance of his company and was severely exposed
to the bullets falling like bail around him.
"Though not an ordained minister at this time. Mr. Dow
ling was the only chaplain of his company throughout the en-
tire war. lie offered the prayer on roll call the first night,
just as be did on the last night before disbandment. At the
close of the war he was ordained as a minister of the Bap
list Church, and since then he has labored most faithfully in
; calling. Much could be written of his service for
the good of humaiiit\
REV. W. II. DOWUNO
ORIGIN OF THE STARS AXD BARS.
R. B. Haughton, chairman of the committee appointed by
the Sons of Veterans to investigate the origin of the first flag
of the Confederacy, reports some valuable information re-
ceived through the notice in the VETERAN for July, but thinks
more conclusive evidence may be secured. The committee is
still working on this and will be greatly obliged for any in-
formation, however unimportant it may seem, that bears on
this subject. The address of any one now living who ma>
have been around the Capitol in Montgomery early in 1861
will be appreciated. Address the chairman at 3424 Lucas
Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
11. G.v— In making the 1
oni X. Shearer, of Atlanta. Ga.. in the Veteran for
September, the engagement referred to should have been that
of Ezra, not Dyer, Church. It is hoped that some one will
furnish an ml it
524
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij,
CAPT. SALLIE TOMPKINS.
(Continued from page 521.)
Through him Miss Tompkins could claim connection with
the only hereditary order in America, "The Cincinnati So-
ciety." Though born an Englishman, his intense sympathy
with the Revolutionary party was further signified by naming
his home "Poplar Grove," the Lombardy poplar being the
party symbol of the Whig versus the Tory party of his day.
He acquired what was a very large fortune for that day, and
Poplar Grove was long and widely known as one of the
typical homes of Tidewater Virginia. Of that civilization, the
English historian, Greg, has written that it produced the very
flower of the Anglo-Saxon race. Upon Mr. Patterson's death
Poplar Grove passed to Col. Christopher Tompkins, who had
married his eldest daughter. This noble pair also kept ever-
open doors for a large and cultured circle of friends and rela-
tions in a home where everything combined to make life beau-
tiful and noble. The family removed to Richmond after
Colonel Tompkins's death, and Poplar Grove passed out of
the family. It is now a noted summer resort.
[From tribute by Mrs. Fielding Lewis Taylor, President
Sallie Tompkins Chapter, U. D. C, Gloucester. Va.]
KENTUCKY CONFEDERATES IN REUNION.
BY THOMAS R OSEORNE, LOUISVILLE, KV.
September was a busy month for Confederate veterans of
Kentucky in their annual reunions. Morgan's men held their
fourteenth annual session on September 6 and 7 at Olympia
Springs, Ky. On account of the absence of Gen. Basil W.
Duke, who was ill in New York City, the Vice President, Dr.
John A. Lewis, of Georgetown, presided. The attendance was
good, and much interest was manifested. Of the original two
hundred and sixty men who formed the organization fourteen
years ago, ninety-three have died. The deaths of the past year
were: Maj. Otis S. Tenney, Lexington; Capt. Newton Frazier.
Cynthiana; Rev. Dr. E. O. Guerrant, Wilmore; and F. M.
Gillespie, Bourbon County.
A splendid address was made by Gen. W. J. Stone, Pension
Commissioner. All the talks were well received. The Consti-
tution was amended so that the time and place of annual meet-
ings are left to the President, Vice President, and Secretary.
The officers elected to these positions were : Gen. B. W. Duke,
Dr. J. A. Lewis, and Horace M. Taylor, respectively.
The Kentucky Division, U. C. V.
Accepting an invitation of the State Fair, the Confederates of
Kentucky held their annual reunion in the convention tent as
guests of the State Fair at Frankfort on September 12. Com-
missioner of Agriculture M. S. Cohen gave a gratifying ad-
dress of welcome, and Maj. Gen. W. J. Stone happily respond-
ed. Rev. Dr. John R. Deering, Division Chaplain, led in fer-
vent prayer. Col. W. A. Milton, Adjutant General, read an
encouraging report. Officers were elected as follows: Division
Commander, Maj. Gen. W. J. Stone; Brigade Commanders,
Gens. William H. Robb, N. B. Deatheridge, T. D. Osborne.
At the suggestion of General Stone, Gen. Bennett H. Young
was unanimously elected Honorary Division Commander for
life. General Young made a magnificent report as to the prog-
ress of the Jefferson Davis Home Association, of which he is
President, and announced that the dedication would take place
June 3. 1917. Governor Stanley, of Kentucky, and Governor
Major, of Missouri, were on the platform as guests of honor.
The Orphan Brigade.
The great event among those of Kentucky who wore the gray
is the reunion of the famous Orphan Brigade, which met in its
thirty-fifth assemblage, fifty-fifth year, at Hopkinsville on
September 27 and 28. with the order of exercises as follows :
First day: "Fall in," leader Maj. John H. Leathers; march
to courthouse ; call to order, Gen. W. B. Haldeman ; prayer,
Rev. Capt. William Stanley; words of welcome, Mayor Bassett,
Mrs. Polk Prince, State President U. D. C. ; response, Hon.
W. T. Ellis; announcements and adjournment for dinner. Aft-
ernoon: 2 p.m., business session; 3 p.m., parade; 8 p.m., re-
ception. A visit to Fairview, birthplace of Jefferson Davis,
was planned for the second day, but rain prevented ; so the
dinner was served in town and the veterans otherwise enter-
tained.
Royal as has been the reception at other places, Hopkinsville
was equal to any, and hospitality was at high-water mark.
A DOUBLE GOLDEN WEDDING.
The oldest Confederate twins, D. A. and D. C. Buie, of
North Carolina, at the age of eighty-three, have celebrated
the fiftieth anniversary of their weddings. On August 22.
1916, at the home of D. A. Buie, in Robeson County, N. C,
an old-fashioned wedding dinner was served to the same
guests who attended the wedding entertainments of fifty years
ago. The table was decorated in white and gold, and two
brides' cakes, with the dates "1866-1916" in, gold icing, were cut
by the brides. Friends and relatives called through the after-
noon, and many letters and remembrances were received from
old-time friends and new, even from the little children in the
neighborhood.
MR. AND MRS. D. A. BUIE.
MR. AND MRS. D. C. BUIE.
This is doubtless the first instance of twin brothers living
to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary. A sketch of
them as twin Confederate soldiers appeared in the Veteran
for August, 191 5, page 378. One married in June and the
other in September, 1866, the happy brides being Misses Kate
McGeachy, of St. Paul, and Susan Salmon.
Faithful "Uncle Jack," nearly eighty-three, was an impor-
tant personage at the celebration, which was also a golden
anniversary for him, as he had lived in sight of the Buie
home ever since the war and had never dreamed of leaving
his master when he was set free. All honor to him!
History of Morgan's Cavalry'.
edition. Price, $2.18, postpaid.
Bv Gen. Basil Duke. New
Confederate l/eteran.
525
Any Camp wishing copies to complete
its file of the Veteran can get some
copies by writing to J. A. Anderson,
Route 1. Fairy, Tex.
J. P. Murray, R. F. D. No. 3, Box 94.
Lebanon, Term., wants to hear from
some one who can testify to the service
of E. H. (Hans) Watson, who served
with Lieut. Bill Beard under Captain
Maker and Colonels Murray and Stan-
ton.
Mrs. Mary Carpenter, 3005 West Com-
merce Street, San Antonio, Tex., is try-
ing to secure a pension and needs the
testimony of two comrades of her hus-
band, Frank (called "Frenchv") Carpen-
ter. All she knows is that he enlisted
from Louisville. Ky.. and was in both
infantry and cavalry, as he told of hav-
ing a horse named Pet, Mr. Carpenter
was a native of France.
SECRETARIES WANTED
Southern ladies erf education and refine-
ment to travel as Beld secretaries for
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical Circle"
Must be energetic and over 26 fears old.
ExoeUent opening- Appbj t.*
J. STANDISH CLARK, Business Manager
1S24 Jofferaon Bank Building
Birmingham, Ala.
1 Hi BEST PLACE
to purchase ail'wool ;
Bunting or
Silk Flags
ot all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds ot Military Equipment and
Society Goods Is at
i loel Flag E Regalia Co, 57 B. 96th St
Head tor Price List New York Gty i
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
itpcrienee of 27 years
•u "larantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Av
New York
tltn.\tr ih'J fvoklet u-tii i»
Folio of Southern Melodies
PRICE, SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS
The Courier Boy's Dream on the Mountain, 1863
Passing Down the Line
March and two-step
I Am Going Back to Old Kentucky, Where I Was Born
Last, but Try It — Love the Lover
Little "thinilets"
Following the hand prints of Will S. Hays and Stephen Collins Foster in
the Blue- Crass State, the "Courier Boy" asks for recognition
F*ublisHed by
W. C. F»iatt, Courier Boy
C. L. BEACH, Manager 1021 Wells Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
pUREST LITHIA WATER on the market.
Manufactures naturally its own carbolic
gas. Cures all forms of kidney and stom-
ach troubles; rheumatism and indigestion
disappear without knowledge of patient.
Most palatable of all mineral waters.
For further information, write
E. W. THOMPSON, Nashville, Tenn., R. R. 1
Or Phone Main 1858
Bernstein (Temp any ^p
DIAMOND MERCHANTS
JEWELERS AND
SILVERSMITHS
512 Church Street Nashville, Tenn.
526
^pof edera r<? i/eterap
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antietam, Md.f Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. ( Bull Run I, and oth-
er famous battle fields In the Shen-
andoah Valley and other sections
of Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL, Passenger Traffic Manager.
Roanoke, Va.
Confederate Battle Flags
ON STICKS
PRINTED MUSLIN
ONE DOZBH IN A PATH MiE
N.i PACUOES itKxKt Si
3 inches long . SO. 13 doz.
6 " " ... .28 "
10 " " ... .32 "
14 " " ... .55 "
18 " " ... .75 "
27 " " ... 1.48 "
36 " " ... 2.00 "
Paper Pin Flags ... .87 gross
POSTPAID — Special Prices on Larger Quantities
Write to-day for illustrated Catalogue
..f Pins, Charms, Novelties, and Gifts.
Bunting and Silk Flags sent on request.
Medals, Banners, and Loving Cups
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
1331 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Or invisible Empire
BY MRS. S.
E. F. ROSE
lunik ^■■■■tjj
W^JJBpW Educa-
needed <H
fflf tors, and
eveiv ^^HM
j{W Confeder-
home: con- ^HHfl
IV ale organ,-
tains authen- VJKa
H z a t ions.
tic history, WA
nW Price. 85 cts..
splendidly il- *s
|j postpaid. Or-
lustrated. Dho- ■!
^M der a copy to-
tographs oi lien. VB
w dav Irom the
N. B. Forrest, Il
Grand Wizard of V
the Klan, and oth- W
jjf
Bl
er prominent mem- ■
W Mrs. S. E.F.Rose
bers. Endorsed by 1
f WEST POINT
leading Historians, "
J MISSISSIPPI
Mrs. John M. King, of Winnsboro,
La., wants to hear from any comrade
who served in the same company as her
husband — Company B, 14th Tennessee
Regiment.
S. W. Braslield enlisted September 15,
1864, in Company B, 7th Arkansas Regi-
ment, and was paroled April 26, 1865.
Any one who can testify to his service
will please write to Mrs. S. W. Brasfield,
Alamo, Tenn.
Arthur Bagwell, Route 4, Paul's Valley,
Okla., wants information of his father's
service in the Confederate army. James
K. Polk Bagwell enlisted from Greens-
boro, Miss., in 1863 or 1864. in Captain
Ford's company.
J. M. Gassaway, 128 Lovejoy Street,
Atlanta, Ga., asks that surviving com-
rades of his father, Benjamin F. Gas-
saway, who' enlisted as a private at Due
West, S. C, in Company G, Orr's Rifles,
McGowan's Brigade, will please write
to him.
John VV. Bratcher, 200 Petros Avenue,
Mena, Ark., would like to hear from
some comrade who served in the Confed-
erate army with J. H. Parker. He is
supposed to have belonged to a Middle
Tennessee regiment. His wife is in need
of a pension.
W. R. Adams, of Larned, Kans., is
trying to recover his sword which was
lost during the war. His name, com-
pany, and regiment are inscribed on the
scabbard. It was turned over to an of-
ficer of the 54th Virginia the next morn-
ing after the last day's battle of Chicka-
mauga.
Mrs. E. L. Dickenson, R. R. No. 1,
Ikrndon, Ky., is anxious to get in cor-
respondence with some one who knew
her husband, Reuben Dabney Dickenson,
who served in the commissary depart-
ment under General Forrest and was
engaged in collecting cattle when the
war closed.
Mrs. Jane S. Goodwin, 2420 Jeffer-
son Street, Nashville, Tenn., is in need
of a pension and wants to hear from
some comrade who remembers her hus-
band. Robert Goodwin, of Company H,
_>3cl Tennessee Infantry, under Captain
Bryant or Brian. He enlisted at Camp
Anderson. Rutherford County. Tenn.,
and his company surrendered at Appo-
mattox, Va.
rfom All Causes. Head Noises and Other Ea»
rroables Easily and Permanent^ Relieved?
Thousands who wen
formerly deaf, now hear
distinctly every sound -
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life ol
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed for
i that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
"'ten called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
*re restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds.
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums.
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the case
"it how long standing it is, testimonials received show
inarvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength-
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
ooint of the natural drums, thus
«uccessfully restoring perfect
hearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
* soft, sensitized material, com-
ortable and safe to wear. They '
ve easily adjusted by the wearer J
tnd out of sight when worn. '
What has done so much for
thousands of others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for Oram
our FREE 168 page Book nn Deaf- in Position . J.
jieas— giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
230 Inter-Southern Bldg. LOUIteVH-LE. ky
CONFEDERATE
VETERAN
Uniforms
HIGHEST QUALITY LOWEST PRICES
Tailor-Made to Your Measure.
Send for Catalogue No. 341
and Cloth Samples.
The Pettibone Bros. Mfg. Co.
CINCINNATI
Don't Wear a Truss
T?rooks' Appliance.
■^ the modern s< ii n
tific invention, the
wonderful new discovery
Ui.ii relieves rupture, « ill
be st ut on trial. No ob-
noxious springs or pads.
lias automatic Air Cush-
ions. Binds and draws the
broVen parts togt t] i
you would a broken Limh
Xo salvi s, No lies. Dur-
'heap. Sent on trial
to prove it. Prnieried hv
tt. S patents. Catalogue
and measure blanks mailed
free. Send name and ad-
dress to-day.
C. E. Brooks, 239 State St.. Marshall, Mich.
Mrs. G. R. Thompson, 523 Seventh
Street N. E., Washington, D. G, has
back numbers of the Veteran for sale.
Please write her of anv needed.
^pofederat? l/eterai)
527
D. H. Young, care Humphrey Mills,
Shirley, Ark., has applied for a pension
and would like to hear from some com-
rade who served with him in Company
A, 15th Virginia Cavalry Regiment.
Col. W. L. Jackson.
R. J. Hayes, of Leggett, Tex., en-
listed from Tyler County, Tex., in
Company K, Burnett's Regiment, Wal-
ker's Division. He would like to hear
from some of his comrades. He is try-
ing to get a pension.
Mrs. F. A. Alley, of Danville, Ark.,
wants to hear from some comrade of
her husband, F. A. Alley ("Bud" Al-
ley), who served in Company C, loth
Confederate Regiment, under Gens. Joe
Wheeler and Anderson.
Rev. P. G. Magann, 635 South Jeffer-
son Street, Roanoke, Va., wants to re-
cover a Bible belonging to a Union sol-
dier by the name of John Fiffcr (or
Pfiffer). This Bible has his name in it
.iiul was lost in the battle of Winch) sti 1
Mrs. M. Smith. Box 1-7, Big StOlli
Gap, Va., wants some information con-
cerning one N. M. Hicks, of Company
K. 26th Tennessee Regiment, who en-
listed in April, 1861, and died of fever
within a year. He was .111 officer, but
his rank is not known.
Infokmation Wanted.— Who made
the brass frame Confederate revolvers,
and what do the letters on them mi
Where was the firm of Dickson, Nelson
& Company located in the State of Ala
bama? Address E. B. Bowie, Sit North
Eutaw Street, Baltimore. Md
J. J. I- Gill, of Chicota, lex., is try-
ing to secure a pension tor John Red-
mon, who enlisted at Talladega, Ala., in
Company B or I. 1 1 is colonel was .,
Dutchman, nicknamed "Paddy"; his
captain (Fletcher) was wounded at
Peachtree Creek; his son, David Fletch-
er, was lirst lieutenant \rdee Wright
m is a member of the company
Mrs. Edna Ward Miller, 2510 Broad
Little Rock. Ark., is trying to se-
cure the record of her father, Francis
Marion Ward, who was with General
Hawthorne's command. He was at Cam-
den. Ark., during the winter of 1863 64,
and was in Marshall. Tex., when Lee
surrendered, lie was in the commissary
department wirb Mai. William R. Street.
■-'■■T
n
Facts about
PRINTING
f\\ lo obtain efhcienc> in ilie re
still whether it be in the Station
ery, the Catalogue, the Litho
graphing, the Blank Books. .•
whatever task the pnnte, r.a\ be
called upon to perform, you mus
Jemand the best -HIGH- CLASS
PRINTING This we are pre
nared to produce by virtue ol ex-
perience artisans employed, enc
equipment. €J| W e give thought ti
our productions Write to us. We
will be able to carry out your ideas o-
possibly to suggest something new
BRANDON PRINTING CO
Nashville, Tenn
Hite Home Sanitarium
Morphine, Other Drug, Whiskey and Tobacco Addictions,
Permanently Cured. Nervous Patients Are Not Incapaci-
tated in the Least. Eat Three Meals per Day, Up All the
Time, and Sleep Every Night. We Ask Anyone Interested
to Investigate before Going Elsewhere. Write, or Phone
Walnut 230, Dr. J. A. D. Hite, Medical Director.
949 and 951 Russell St., Nashville, Tenn.
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
aS'Sns BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merrinla0c5sireet
Furnished Upon INSCRIPTION TABLETS Newburyport
Request n^BBBEKHBnHBHBnMMBKw Mass.
.1. A. Burton, Box 46, Russell. Ohio,
write- utting down an old dead
tree mar Elkton, Va., he noticed
the following 11 ime carved on it: "G. V.
r, C. P. G., 1st Mil.. May 2, 1862."
If Mr I epper is still Iivincr. Mr. Burton
would like to hear from him.
Sam A. Joni Memphis, Tex.,
writes that after twelve years' search for
r of the officers and men
ny F, 1st Regiment of South
Carolina Cavalry, he has made one from
memory and will send a copy to any
member desiring it
528
Confederate l/eteran.
B
!■[
Renewed Interest in
Confederate Memorials
MONUMENTS to the heroes of the Con-
federacy just completed at George-
town, Graham, and Belton, Texas.
Why should not every Southern city,
town, and village erect such a monu-
ment? Have you one in your city? If not, and
you want one, we can help you to build one, as
we have helped nearly one hundred and fifty
others to build them.
If you are interested, write us, and we will tell
you all about it absolutely free of charge. Why
put off this noble work? The sooner you take
it up, the easier will be success.
Write us just as soon as you read this.
Co' v y cook
De,
c 16
The McNeel Marble Company
Marietta, Georgia
How grace this hallowed day?
Shall happy bells, from yonder ancient spire,
Send their glad greetings to each Christmas fire
Round which the children play?
• • •
How shall we grace the day?
With feast, and song, and dance, and antique sports,
And shout of happy children in the courts,
And tales of ghost and fay?
• • •
How shall we grace the day?
Ah! let the thought that on this holy morn
The Prince of Peace, the Prince of Peace was born,
Employ us, while we pray!
— Henrff Timrocl.
•*■?■-" ■ . ■»*' t ■ ■>■
53°
Qoijfederat^ l/eterap.
BOOKS DEALING WITH SOUTHERN LEADERS
Philip Alexander Bruce
Brave Deeds of Confederate Soldiers
By PHILIP ALEXANDER BRUCE, Ph.D.
Fully illustrated. 12mo. Cloth. Weight, 29 ounces. $1.50 net
A vivid, intensely interesting volume of the bravery and heroism of a daughter and
many sons of the Confederacy. These thrilling stories are: Belle Boyd the Spy, The Boy
Artillerist, Morgan Crosses the Ohio, Lieutenant Robins and the Vanguard, Mosby and
the Partisan Rangers, Capture of General Stoughton, Private Munson's Escape from
Prison, The Dash on Baltimore, etc.
History in Biographical SPorm
HENRY CLAY. By His Grandson, Thomas Hart Clay. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS. By Louis Pendleton.
JOHN C. CALHOUN. By Gaillard Hunt. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. By Henry Parker Willis, Ph.D.
JEFFERSON DAVIS. By William E. Dodd, Ph.D. ROBERT E. LEE. By Philip Alexander Bruce, Ph.D.
JUDAH P. BENJAMIN. Bv Pierce Butler. RAPHAEL SEMMES. By Colyer Meriwether.
STONEWALL JACKSON. By Henry Alexander White, A.M., Ph.D.
The above lives of the chief leaders of the Confederacy are selected from "The Great American Crisis," a complete history
of the Ci< 1 Wu '.'a biographical form, in twenty volumes.
A fully descriptive pamphlet describing the entire series will be sent upon request.
WRITE FOR IT TO-DAY
Each of the above volumes 12mo, with frontispiece portrait. Weight, 22 ounces. $1.25 net
ANY OF THE ABOVE MAY BE OBTAINED OF YOUR BOOKSELLER OR OF THE PUBLISHERS
George W. Jacobs & Company, 1628 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia
Thompson's Mineral Water
§Sl
Purest Lithia Water on the market. Manufactures naturally
its own carbolic gas. Cures all forms of kidney and stomach
troubles; rheumatism and indigestion disappear without knowl-
edge of patient. Most palatable of all mineral waters.
For further information, write
E. W. THOMPSON, Nashville, Term., R. R.
Or Phone Main 1858
=="
LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER. Page
A Southern Hero. (Poem.) Bv H. G. Barclav 531
General Orders U. C. V 531
Service with the Charlestown Light Dragoons. Bv Albert Rhett Elmore 538
Fresh Soldiers. By W. E. Doyle 5+4
Jefferson Davis. ( Poem. ) By W. K. McCoy 544
Operations of the Lower Trans-Mississippi Department. By P. S. Hagy 545
The Battle of Dingles' s Mill. Bv W. H. Garland 549
The Different Point of View in Battle. By W. W. Gist 550
Col. Hugh Garland— Captured Flags. By J. K. Merrifield 551
The Right of Secession. By W. C. Wright 553
Recollections of Perry ville. By W. H. Davis 554
Lightening the Gloom of Prison Life. By Capt. S. E. Kierolf 555
Disintegration of Lee's Army. Bv John C. Stiles 556
A Near Tragedy. By R. T. Bean 556
With Jackson at Second Manassas. By Theo. Hartman 557
The Imprisonment of Sidney Lanier. By James A. Callaway 558
Our Gallant Dead— Capt. William Haymond Taylor. By C. C. Hart 559
Annual Address by Historian of Texas Division. U. C. V 569
Departments : Last Roll 560
U. D. C 532
S. C. V 566
C. S. M. A 568
Miniature Pins, Battle
Flag, Finest Cloisonne
Enamel Brooch, Button,
or Hat Pin :: :: :: ::
No. $270.
Cold-Plated SO, 2 5
Rolled Gold 60
Solid Gold 1.00
Solid Gold, Heavy Weight 2.0O
14 Kt. Gold. Heavyweight 3.00
POSTPAID
Special prices on half dozen or more. Illustrated
price list of Flags and Confederate Novelties sent
on request.
Catalogues of Medals, Class Pins, Rings* Tro-
phies, Loving Cups, and Banners now ready.
MEYER'S MILITARY SHOPS
OUTDOOR EQUIPAGE
1331 F SI. N. W., Washington, 0. C.
Visit our Camp Boom when in Washington
SECRETARIES WANTED
Southern ladies of education and refine-
ment to travel as field secretaries for
"The Mildred Rutherford Historical Circle"
Must be energetic and over 25 years old.
Excellent opening. Apply to
J. STANDISH CLARK, Business Manager
1824 Jefferson Bank Building
Birmingham, Ala.
GOOD
OSITION
D
Secured or Your Money Back
| if you take the Draughon Training, the.
training that business men indorse. You
can take it at college or >>y mail Write to-day
PBAUGHON'S PRACTICAL BUSINESS COLLEGF
Box 38, Nashville, Term.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered at the post office at Nashville, Tenn., as second-class matter,
Date given to subscription is the month of expiration.
All remittances should be made to the Confederate Vki t >< \%-f
and all communications so addressed.
Published by the Confederate Veteran Company. Nashville, Tenn*
OFF1CIALLT REPRESENTS:
United Confederate Vbtbr \xs,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons ok Vktbrans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memo hi \i. Associations
Thoutrh men deserve, thev m:iv not win. success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
Price, ji.hh per Year, i
Single Oopt, 10 Cents. I
Vol XXIV.
NASHVILLE, TENN., DECEMBER, 1916.
No. i-
I S. A. l l N MVi'.HAM,
A SOCIUERX HERO.
[A modest tribute to Admiral Raphael Semmes, suggested
by his birthday commemoration, September 27, and inscribed
to his son, Judge O. J. Semmes, by his fellow townsman. Hugh
G. Barclay, Mobile. Ala |
A man who, in defense of all held dear.
On call to arms fares forth to risk his all.
Nor shirks from gift of life, eager to bear
Whatever of war's burdens may befall.
God's self has christened hero from the time
When God formed in his image man of clay
To rule the earth and peal liberty's chime
That turned night's darkness into sun-kissed day.
The "royal lien 1" is not reckless, rash.
Rut heedful, brave, while free from craven fear,
A sturdy soul that combat cannot dash.
With tender heart and sympathetic tear.
Our peerless chief whose birth we have in mind
Held those rich gifts thai mark the true hero,
\nd our fond praises only help to bind
Our hearts more doselj to the long ago.
( \h>\ OF CONFEDERAT1 • '/.'< INI [1 IONS.
Hea >rters United Confederate Veterans,
New Orleans, I. a, June jo. 1916.
1 .1 meral Orders No. 4.
The General commanding desires to direct attention to the
following action taken by the convention held in the citj oi
Birmingham, Ala., on May 16-18, [916
"Your committee has considered the uniting of the United
Confederate Veterans' organization with the Sons of Confed
crate Veterans and mosl cordiall) indorses the idea thai the
organizations be consolidated and that the Sons of Confeder
ate Veterans' Association be made a part and parcel of the
United Confederate Veterans' Association, and to that end the
committee recommends that the Commander appoint a mem-
ber of the Confederate Veterans' Association oi each Division
to have in charge and report at the next meeting of ibis con
vention a full plan of such consolidation, and the committee
also hopes that the Sons of Confederate Veterans will approve
of the same."
I bis action of the convention is one "I the most far-reaching
in its consequences of anj ever adopted by this Association.
The feebleness of the members of the United Confederate
Veterans, their inability to discharge properly the duties re-
quired of officers, call for some remedy; and the infusion of
new blood from those who are soon to take the places of the
men who took part in the great conflict of the sixties cannot
but result in immense good, and the intimate relations which
will result from the absorption of the Sons will be to their
permanent advantage.
The subject demands the closest investigation and the most
careful study, and the General commanding hopes that the-
subjoined committee, to whom the whole matter is referred,
will he able to evolve a feasible plan which will inure to the
benefit of all.
Committee: Adjt. I.. L. Carswell, Sr.. Savannah. Ga., Chair-
man; Adjt. D. R. Flenniken, Columbia, S. C. ; Lieut. Gen. J.
S. Carr, Durham. X. C. ; Lieut. Col. J. N. Stubbs, Woods.
Crossroads, Va\ ; Maj. Gen. A. C. Trippe, Baltimore, Md. :
Col. James Z. McChesncy, Charleston, W. Va. ; Lieut. CoL
Alden Mcl.ellan. Xew Orleans, La.; Adjt. F. L. Dickinson,.
Chattanooga, Tenn.; Brig. (leu. F. E. Dey, Milton, Fla. ; Adjt.
A. W. Moscley, lluntsville, Ala . Adjl A J. Conklin, Vicks-
burg. Miss.; Lieut. Col. C. 11. Lee. Jr.. Falmouth, Ky. ; Brig.
1. in. II ( .. Askew, Austin, lex.; Brig. Gen. Thomas I). Bard,.
Chelsea, Okla. ; Maj Gen. T. C. Love. Springfield, Mo.; Maj.
Gen. V. Y. Cook, Batesville, Ark.; Brig. Gen. Hugh G. Gwyn„
San Diego, Cal.
By order of GEORGE P. HARRISON, General Commanding.
Wii 1 1 \\i E. Mh Ki.i . . Militant General and Chief of Staff.
HISTORICAL COMMI1 TEE, V. C. C.
I he Historical Committee, I'. C V.. appointed by Gen..
George I' Harrison. Commander in Chief, is composed of the
following members: Chairman, Gen. Bennett II. Young, Louis-
Mile. Ky.; Gen. I). S. Henderson, Aiken, S. C. ; Col. H. A.
London, Pittsboro, N. C. ; Col. George L. Christian. Rich-
mond. Va.; Col. William M. Pegram, Baltimore. Md. ; Col.
W. II. Seanland. Benton, La.; Col. W. J. Crawford. Memphis,
Tenn.; Col. W, A. Rawls, Pensacola, Fla.; Judge O. J.
Semmes, Mobile, Ala.; Hon. Clay Sharkey, Jackson, Miss.;
Prof. J. T. Deny. Atlanta, Ga. ; W. I. Shaw. Fort Worthy
Tex.; A. W Moise, St, Louis. Mo.; J. II. Dye, Searcy. Ark.
532
^oi?federat^ Ueteraij,
IHniteb ©augbters of tbe Confederacy
Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal First Vice President General
Mrs. L. M. Bashin-sky, Troy, Ala Second Vice President General
Mrs. Lulu A. Lovell, Denver, Colo Third Vice President General
Mrs. W. C. N. Merchant, Chatham, Va Recording Secretary General
Mrs, Lutie Hailby Walcott, Ardmore, Okla Cor. Secretary General
Mrs. Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, President General
Washington, D. C.
Mus. R. E. Little, Wadeshoro, N. C Treasurer General
Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, West Point, Miss Historian General
Mrs. J. Norment Powell, Johnson City, Tenn Registrar General
Mrs. E. T. Sells, Columhus, Ohio Custodian of Crosses
Mrs. Frank Anthony Walke, Norfolk, Va.. Custodian Flags and Pennants
"jCoihi 977a*os 97?emory <5frnaf
U. D. C. CONVENTION IN DALLAS.
Hospitality typical of the big-hearted people of the biggest
State of the Union was the order of the day in honor of the
Daughters of the Confederacy gathered in the city of Dallas,
Tex., for the twenty-third annual convention of the organi-
zation. Their welcome was given fitting expression on Tues-
day evening, November 7, when delegates and other visitors
crowded the Municipal Building Auditorium for the special
■exercises of that occasion, which were presided over by for-
mer President General Mrs. Katie Cabell Muse, daughter of
Gen. W. L. Cabell and now President of the Dallas Chapter,
No. 6, U. D. C. The first address of welcome was by Mayor
Henry T. Lindsley, who gave assurance of the honor that had
come to the city in such a distinguished gathering and that
none was ever more welcome. He was followed by Mr. H.
M. Wolfe, for the Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers'
Association; by Capt. J. M. Cochran, for the Sterling Price
Camp, U. C. V. ; Mrs. Fred Fleming, for the Texas Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs; Mrs. Eleanor O. Spencer, for the
Texas Division, U. D. C, of which she is President; Mrs.
C. H. Huvelle, for the City Federation of Women's Clubs;
Mrs. W. D. Garlington, for the Daughters of the American
Revolution ; Mrs. A. V. Lane, for the Daughters of 1812. In
response to these greetings, Miss Nellie Preston, President of
the Virginia Division, U. D. C, spoke for the United Daugh-
ters, saying: "If the keys of your city are ours, then the keys
of our hearts are yours. Open our hearts, and you will find
gratitude and appreciation for the many courtesies you have
shown us."
Following the presentation of the President General, Mrs.
Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, who was received with enthusi-
asm, four of the former Presidents General were then intro-
duced. These were: Mrs. Katie Cabell Muse and Mrs. Cor-
nelia Branch Stone, of Texas; Mrs. A. B. White, of Tennes-
see; and Mrs. Daisy McLaurin Stevens, of Mississippi.
The convention opened Wednesday morning, November 8,
with some three hundred delegates present. A pleasant in-
terruption followed the opening exercises in the introduction
of the Dallas Guards, the only organization of its kind in
Texas. Several prominent Confederates were introduced to
the convention during the morm'ng, among them being Judge
C. C. Cummings, of Fort Worth, who brought the greetings of
Gen. K. M. Van Zandt, commanding the Trans-Mississippi
Department, U. C. V. who was not able to appear; Gen.
Felix Robertson, of Crawford; and Maj. H. W. Graber, of
Dallas. The venerable widow of Dick Dowling, hero of
Sabine Pass, was also introduced to the convention.
The morning session was taken up with committee reports,
Mrs. R. T. Skiles, of Dallas, giving that for the Credentials
Committee, of which she is chairman. She was followed by
Sister Esther Carlotia, as Chairman of the Rules and Regu-
lations Committee, whose report was very comprehensive.
After luncheon at the Scottish Rites Cathedral as guests of
the Dallas Chapter, the delegates reassembled for the me-
morial service in honor of the distinguished dead of the year.
This was presided over by Mrs. Daisy McLaurin Stevens.
Tribute was paid to the memory of Mrs. Virginia Faulkner
McSherry, ex-President General, by Miss Jennie S. Price,
President of the West Virginia Division ; to Mrs. John H.
Reagan, Honorary. President General, by Mrs. Joseph B.
Dibrell, former President of the Texas Division ; to Mrs. Mag-
nus S. Thompson, of Washington, D. C, Honorary President
General, by Mrs. Alexander B. White, ex-President General ;
to Mrs. Risden T. Bennett, Honorary President of the North
Carolina Division, by Mrs. F. A. Williams, Recording Sec-
retary General ; to Mrs. Lucy Green Yerger, ex-President Mis-
sissippi Division, by Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, ex-President Mis-
sissippi Division. Mrs. James Henry Parker, of New York
Division, read the tribute to the Daughters of the Confed-
eracy. Following the reading of these tributes came the
beautiful ceremony of placing flowers on the cross, each Di-
vision President placing a red and white carnation in memory
of the departed.
The regular order of business began with the reading of
the President General's report, in which special attention was
directed to the efforts that had been made to secure the re-
turn of the cotton tax illegally exacted of the South in the
sixties, and Mrs. Odenheimer urged that the united efforts of
all Confederate organizations be exerted in that interest, as
it is only by cooperation that anything can be accomplished.
She also stressed the importance of preserving historical rec-
ords and told of what is being done in caring for Confederate
graves. The work of the Monument Committee was com-
mended and the relief work of the organization especially re-
ferred to. She also called attention to the meeting of the
veterans in Washington in the spring of 1917 and urged that
all cooperate in making that a notable occasion. It is desired
that veterans appear in Confederate uniforms, and Chapters
are asked to furnish uniforms for those veterans not able to
procure them. Her report was received and approved with a
rising vote.
Recommendations by the President General
1. That a Chapter or Division cannot have as a member of
its Advisory Council or Advisory Board any one who is not
a member of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
2. That honorary officers or honorary members cannot hold
executive office or vote.
3. That the Third Vice President General have under her
consideration the uniting of the Chapters of the Children of
the Confederacy and bringing them into closer connection with
the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
4. That the business of the meetings would be facilitated
by the attendance of a parliamentarian at our annual conven-
tions.
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
535
SCENE ON STAGE ON HISTORICAL EVENING OF THE DALLAS CONVENT!
i Photo by Babcock
The most important business of the convention came up
Thursday morning in the report of the Executive Board on
the impeachment charges preferred against Mrs. Odenheimer,
President General, by the Baltimore Chapter. This report,
completely exonerating Mrs. Odenheimer and declaring that
G. W. Emmerich, whose record had been questioned, was a
loyal Confederate soldier and entitled to his cross of honor,
is given in full following the convention notes, that the mat-
ter may be thoroughly understood. The report of the Execu-
tive Committee also reinstated the Chapter at Gainesville,
Fla. (See page 536.)
The first business of the afternoon session was the election
of officers, which brought in a number of new officials, these
being as follows: Mrs. W. C. N. Merchant, of Virginia, suc-
ceeding Mrs. F. M. Williams as Recording Secretary General;
Mrs. Arthur Walcott. of Oklahoma, Corresponding Secretary,
succeeding Mrs. W. F. Baker; Mrs. Eugene Little, of North
Carolina, follows Mrs. C. B. Tate as Treasurer General ; Mrs.
J. Norment Powell, of Tennessee, is Registrar General, suc-
ceeding Mrs. Orlando Halliburton; Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, of
Mississippi, becomes Historian General in place of Miss Mil-
dred Rutherford; Mrs. E. T. Sells, of Ohio, succeeds Mrs.
John W. Tench as Custodian of Crosses of Honor; while
Mrs. F. A. Walke, of Virginia, follows Mrs. W. K. Beard as
Custodian of Flags and Pennants. The new officers were
called to the platform and introduced by the President General.
The President and Vice Presidents General were reelected.
Following the election of officers, the President General
introduced Gen. Bennett H. Young, Past Commander in Chief
U. C. V., who made a talk outlining the plans for the Jeffer-
son Davis Memorial at Fairview, Ky., the birthplace of Presi-
dent Davis, which was procured by the Jefferson Davis Home
Association some years ago and greatly improved. It is now
ON JUST AFTER UNVEILING THE PORTRAIT OF MISS RUTHERFORD.
! 1 [obbs, Pallas.)
proposed to erect thereon a monument in the form of an
obelisk some three hundred and fifty feet high, which wilf
be the second highest memorial in the world and an im-
pressive and distinguishing structure. Maj. George W. Little-
field, of Austin, Tex., has recently become interested in this
and has pledged his assistance in making it one of the most
noted memorials in the country. At the conclusion of General
Young's address Mrs. T. J. Latham, of Memphis, Tenn., made
a voluntary contribution of $500 to the fund ; Mrs. Jacksie
Daniel Thrash, of North Carolina, pledged $100, and other
individual contributions brought the amount to $1,000; while
the organization as a whole pledged itself to raise $10,000 as
its contribution to this great memorial.
While the U. D. C. organization is not in any sense politi-
cal, much interest was manifested in the Presidential election
tli i s year, and the first business on Friday was the sending of
a telegram of congratulation to President Wilson upon his re-
election.
The report of the Shiloh Monument Committee, through
Mrs. A. B. White, Chairman, brought the glorious news that
all needed funds were on hand or pledged. The three prizes
offered in raising the money were awarded as follows; To-
the Mary Latham Chapter, of Memphis, Tenn., the bust of
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston for raising the largest amount
of money of any Chapter by October 10, the sum being
$410.20, and to the Tennessee Division, for raising the largest
amount of money ($1,496.46), was given the bas-relief frieze
of General Johnston; another frieze went to the New York
Division for the largest amount fro rata for each member.
Mrs. White received the thanks of the convention for her
zealous work as chairman of this committee, and the mem-
bers of the Tennessee Division presented her with a hand-
some silver dish.
534
Qoi)federat^ l/eterap.
The corrreT stone of the Shiloh monument was laid with
Masonic honors on November 4, and the unveiling will be
set for some time next spring. It would have been completed
this fall but for labor troubles in the bronze foundry where
it is being cast. The movement for this monument originated
with the Shiloh Chapter, of Savannah, Tenn., in 1900, under
the leadership of Mrs. J. W. Irwin, and the fund secured was
turned over to the U. D. C. when this became the work of
the general organization in 1905 ; so this monument has been
tinder way for some sixteen years. The cost is $50,000.
The report of the retiring Historian General, Miss Ruther-
ford, showed that a vast amount of historical literature had
been sent out during the year, including her addresses on
"'The South in the Building of the Nation," "Jefferson Davis
and Abraham Lincoln," and "Wrongs of History Righted."
"I hate to say good-by," she said, "but I hope to meet you
again in the history circles. I think they will enable me to
meet the young people, to go into the schools, and to touch
those who are not already interested in the Southern cause."
On motion of Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, the new Historian, it was
decided that Miss Rutherford should continue to send out the
historical pamphlets. A fund of $612 was pledged toward the
publication of her last address. "The Civilization of the Old
South," given on Historical Evening. The Oak Cliff Chap-
ter, Dallas, gave $100 to this fund.
Mrs. John W. Tench, Custodian of Crosses, reported the
bestowal of 1,690 crosses during the last year and a total of
S.ooo during the three years she held office. Her book of
records, containing the names of those who have received
these crosses, will be placed in the Museum at Richmond.
The $100 scholarship in Columbia University, offered
through Mrs. L. R. Schuyler, of New York City, was awarded
to Harold R. Blake. Principal of the Oakwood School at
Dayton, Ohio, for his essay on "The Compromises of the
Constitution." Mrs. Schuyler announced for 1916-17 a ten-
dollar prize for the best essay on one of the following sub-
jects: "The Peace Convention of i86r," "The Foreign Policy
of the Confederate States," and "The Siege of Vicksburg and
Its Strategic Importance." It must not exceed eight thousand
words and must be filed before March 1, 1917.
The Chairman of the Committee on Education, Mrs. Mary
B. Poppenheim, of Charleston, S. C, reported ten additional
scholarships, as follows : The Fleet School scholarship, value
$400, given by Mrs. J. T. Beal, Arkansas; the Converse Col-
lege scholarship, value $100, given through Miss Armida
Moses, of South Carolina; the Randolph-Macon Academy
scholarship, value $100, given by J. E. B. Stuart Chapter,
Staunton. Va. ; the Elizabeth Mather College scholarship,
value $110, given through Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, of Alabama:
the Sophia Newcomb College scholarship, value $100, given
by Dr. Dizon, through Miss Poppenheim ; the Lucy Cobb
Institute scholarship, value $190, given by Miss Brumby
through Miss Poppenheim ; the Southwestern Presbyterian
University scholarship, value $50, given through Mrs. L. M.
Bashinsky ; two scholarships in Trinity College, value $40
each, given by Miss Annie Jean Gash, of Pisgah Forest, N.
C. and the Meridian (Miss.) College scholarship. The U.
D. C. now maintain forty-five scholarships, valued at $6,535,
through the general organization ; while the scholarships of-
fered by the State Divisions total over five hundred, with a
value of $58,663.
Mrs. A. W. Halliburton, Registrar General, reported the
addition of 6,435 names during 1916, bringing the total mem-
bership of the organization to 93,849.
As Custodian of the U. D. C. Official Pin, Mrs. L. M.
Bashinsky, Second Vice President, reported the sale of four
hundred and ninety pins during the year, with a profit of $779.
The invitations from different cities wanting the conven-
tion for 1917 were given at the Saturday morning session,
and Chattanooga, Tenn., was selected as the next meeting
place. Other cities extending the invitation were : St. Louis,
Mo., Asheville, N. C, and Birmingham, Ala.
After the report of Mrs. Cornelia Branch Stone, chair-
man, pledges were taken to meet the debt on the Arlington
monument, which was announced as being $3,500. About
half of this was subscribed from the floor, and the conven-
tion voted to it $300; the balance was then very generously
subscribed by Mrs. James H. Parker, of New York City.
The wiping out of this debt created great enthusiasm.
The report of Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough, of Mississippi, on
the fund for the memorial window to the women of the South
in the Red Cross Building at Washington, D. C. showed a
balance of $3,000 due. More than half of this was raised by
individual and Chapter subscriptions, including an appropria-
tion of $1,000 from the general treasury. The bill in the
House to properly recognize the services of Clara Barton was
heartily indorsed.
The Trader Fund, which was created to meet the neces-
sities of Mrs. Ella K. Trader in her old age, was given an
appropriation of $1,200 per year during her lifetime, this to
be sent her in monthly payments of $100. Thus will be made
happy the last days of one who gave of herself and her means
without stint to the cause of the Confederacy.
Honorary Presidents General.
Mrs. J. E. B. Stuart, of Virginia, and Mrs. John P. Hick-
man, of Tennessee, were made Honorary Presidents General.
Historical Evening.
The feature of the Thursday evening entertainment was
the brilliant address on "The Civilization of the Old South"
by the retiring Historian General, Miss Mildred Rutherford,
which was delivered before an appreciative audience. In
closing Miss Rutherford urged the importance of unbiased
histories for the schools and libraries, that the children of the
South may not be given the wrong impression of the causes
of the War between the States. Following the address, a
life-sized portrait of Miss Rutherford as a young girl was
unveiled on the stage, and she was the recipient of many
handsome flora! offerings from her Division and other friends.
The new Historian General, Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, of Missis-
sippi, was introduced and made a short talk, in which she
announced the winner of the Rose loving cup, which goes to
the Division submitting the best essay for the year on a sub-
ject of Confederate history. Mrs. Luella Stiles Vincent, of
Dallas, carried off that honor for her Division, the subject of
her essay being "The Misrepresentations of Jefferson Davis
in History and Fiction." The previous successful contestants
were : Miss Marie Louise Ayer Vandiver, South Carolina,
1913; Mrs. Eleanor Malloy Gillespie, Tennessee, 1914; and
Mrs. Dora Thompson Sifford, Arkansas, 1915.
The Raines banner of merit, offered for the finest collec-
tion of historical papers, was awarded to the South Carolina
Division on the fine work of Mrs. Carrie McC. Patrick, of
Anderson.
A new custom was instituted at this convention in the
presentation of a beautiful banner to the Children of the Con-
federacy doing the best work during the year. This was of-
fered by the North Carolina Division and was won by the
Bethel Heroes Junior Chapter, of Rocky Mount. N. C.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
OJO
Ibistorian Generals pa$e.
To the United Daughters of the Confederacy: It is with
sincere appreciation and joy that I salute you as Historian
General for 1917 — appreciation for the high honor you have
just conferred upon me by electing me your Historian Gen-
eral, thereby expressing your confidence in me; joy for the
great privilege that is mine of working with you and for you
in all that tends to advance our sacred work.
In accepting this great honor at your hands, 1 am not un-
mindful of its responsibilities; but with your cooperation all
obstacles can be overcome. So to the United Daughters of
the Confederacy everywhere I give the Macedonian call:
"Come over and help me." While we cannot expect to excel
the splendid work of Miss Rutherford, we can maintain the
high standard she has set and follow the path she has pointed
out. Conservation of history is the duty of each passing gen-
eration. Let us do our part in our day and generation. Take
for your watchword this year "Preparedness." "Know your
history" and be prepared at all times to be an able exponent
and defender of Southern history I shall prepare as speedily
as possible an outline for historical study for 11)17 : but as the
Confederate Veteran mmes out a month in advance, I am
sending a brief outline for the January program and ask that
you give your thoughts to the study of the li\es of these im
mortal Southern heroes. If possible, arrange for public exer-
cises for January 10, so as to reach a large number, and raaki
a special effort to have the children present.
Hoping for a year of great advancement and interest in out
historical work, cordially your Historian General,
Mrs. S. E. F. Rosi
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR JANUARY, 1917.
Lee and Jackson.
"Of those who having joined the choir invisible their deeds
do J el live alter them."
January 10. 1010. the one hundred and ninth anniversary
of the birth of Robert Edward Lee.
January 21, 1010. the ninetj second anniversary of the birth
of Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall) Jackson,
Appreciation of these two immortal heroes of the Confed-
eracy.
Public memorial services to be arranged by each Chapter.
Appropriate readings: "The Sword of Lee" (Father Ryan),
"Last Words of Stonewall Jackson."
Musi, "How Firm a Foundation!" (Favorite hymn of
both Lee and Jackson. 1
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR JANUARY, 1917.
What do you know about Robert E. Lee ?
What did he say to his soldiers in his farewell address?
Where did he spend the last years of his life?
Where is be buried?
Tell of bis faithful horse. Traveler.
id General Jackson obtain the sobriquet "Stone-
6. How
wall"?
7. Who gave it to hiin?
8. Where did he teach before the war?
9. Where is he buried?
10. Repeat his last words.
Read "Stonewall Jackson's Way."
Music : "Dixie."
From what poem is the following quotation selected, and
who is the author?
"But on that day in Lexington
Fame came herself to hold
His stirrup while he mounted
To ride down the streets of gold."
Robert Edward Lee, Born January 10. 1S07. — The father-
land of Sidney and Bayard never produced a nobler soldier,
gentleman, and Christian than Gen. Robert E, Lee. — London
Standard.
Stonew mi Jai kson, Born January 21, [824. — Fearless and
strong, self-dependent and ambitious, be had within him the
making of a Napoleon, and yet bis name is without spot or
blemish. From bis boyhood onward until he died on the
Rappahannock he was the verj model of a Christian gentle-
man.
"E'en .1^ he trod that day to God, so walked he from bis birth,
In simpleness and gentleness and honor and clean mirth."
— Col. G. F. R. Henderson.
MKS. HERBERT M. FRANKUN, OF TENNII.LE. ('.A.
Picture taken In an old-fashioned corner ot her home. "The
Colonnades," with lis Confederate and Revolutionary relics.
Mrs. Franklin is President "f the Georgia Division, U. D. C,
and headed the delegation to the General Convention at Dallas.
The report of the Dallas convention is from notes furnished
by Mrs. Fannie Ransom Williams, former Recording Sec-
retary General, and from the notes appearing in the Dallas
News.
536
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF INVESTIGATION
Of Charges Brought by Baltimore Chapter, No. 8, U. D.
G, against Mrs. .Frank G. Odenheimer. Committee Ap-
pointed by Executive Board, United Daughters of the
Confederacy, at Dallas, Tex., Monday, November 6, 1916.
Whereas on Monday, November 6, 1916, we, the under-
signed, were selected by the Executive Board of the United
Daughters of the Confederacy to constitute a committee to
carefully examine and weigh a protest from the Baltimore
Chapter, No. 8, against certain action of the Maryland State
Division Convention and against Mrs. F. G. Odenheimer as
President of the Maryland Division, U. D. C, and against two
decisions of the President General of the United Daughters
of the Confederacy; and whereas the committee was com-
posed of seven members, two selected by Mrs. Odenheimer,
two selected by the representatives of the Baltimore Chapter
and three selected by the Executive Board, U. D. C, the ar-
rangements for the appointing of the committee being made
by Mrs. F. M. Williams, Recording Secretary General, rank-
ing officer of the Executive Board after the President Gen-
eral when the committee was appointed (the President Gen-
ral not acting in the premises, as the question touched her-
self) ; and whereas the Baltimore Chapter, No. 8, U. D. C.
in its protest asked the consideration of the said protest and
its charges either in open convention or before a "committee
appointed for the purpose" — therefore be it
Resolved, That the committee begs to submit the following
report to the Executive Board of the United Daughters of the
Confederacy, Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice President,
presiding, meeting in the city of Dallas, Tex., November 6,
1916, at 11 :4s p.m. :
Madam Chairman: The committee met behind closed doors,
the chairman having first received from Mrs. F. M. Williams,
Recording Secretary, all papers submitted in evidence by Mrs.
F. G. Odenheimer, Mrs. A. W. Mears, and the Baltimore
Chapter, No. 8.
The chairman instructed the committee that, in approaching
the investigation of the matter intrusted to it, the members
must divest themselves of all feeling of personal friendship
for any person concerned in the result and even of all feeling
of official loyalty to Mrs. Odenheimer as President General
as such and must examine, weigh, and report upon the evi-
dence from a purely impersonal standpoint. In no other way
could the committee reach a just decision.
The papers submitted were carefully read in detail, every
one not duplicated being thoroughly examined. The dupli-
cates were compared closely, conflicting evidence was finally
sifted, and a note made by the secretary of the committee of
all points not perfectly clear.
Mrs. Walter W. Preston, Past President of the Maryland
State Division, Mrs. F. G. Odenheimer, also Past President of
same, and Mrs. Samuel T. Brown, State Recorder of Crosses
for the Maryland Division and delegate from Baltimore Chap-
ter, No. 8, U. D. C, were separately requested to meet the
committee in session and give answers on these points as well
as to make any additional statements which they might de-
sire to make. The committee then reexamined the papers in
the light of the evidence given by these ladies separately, and
after this review of the evidence, before formulating its find-
ings, the members of the committee answered affirmatively
on roll call to the question : "Have you a clear and under-
standing grasp upon the evidence submitted?"
The findings of the committee are as follows:
Sections and Subsections of the Protest.
1. The committee finds the reference to Mrs. F. G. Oden-
heimer as "acting" President of the Maryland Division an
error. Mrs. Odenheimer was duly elected President of the
Maryland Division, U. D. C, in 1914 and continued to be
such until her successor had been elected, in November, 1915.
Her election to the office of President General in October,
1915, did not vitiate her title to the office of President of the
Maryland State Division, as there is no constitutional pro-
vision prohibiting a member of the United Daughters of the
Confederacy from holding the two offices at the same time.
The committee further finds the charge of holding the elec-
tion of officers of the Maryland Division on an illegal date
to be not sustained by the evidence. Mrs. Preston, Past Presi-
dent of the Maryland Division, testifies that the date was
changed, by due and legal amendment to the Division con-
stitution, from December 7 to the third Tuesday in October;
and Mrs. F. G. Odenheimer testifies that as President of the
Maryland Division she received notice that at the last meet-
ing of the Division prior to her going to the San Francisco
General Convention, U. D. C, in October, 1915, the meeting
for election was deferred until after her return, and she was
empowered to call it at the earliest date practicable after her
return from California. Under this authorization she called
the State meeting for November 16, 1915. The committee
finds this to have been within the scope of her authority as
President of the Maryland Division.
2. (1) The committee finds that the clause quoted from the
U. D. C. constitution, "No woman shall cast more than one
personal vote," does not apply to Division conventions unless
repeated in the constitution of the Division and that it is not
repeated in the Maryland Division constitution. They find
further that the constitution of the Maryland Division ex-
plicitly gives a vote to the Division President apart from any
vote she may hold as a Chapter delegate.
(2) This count is valueless, as no one is obliged to follow
the example of any one else, whether that example be good
or bad.
(3) The committee finds no conflict between the U. D. C.
constitution and the constitution of the Maryland Division.
(4, 5) The committee finds no evidence that the proxy
votes cast by Miss May Sellman or her votes as President
of her Chapter were illegal. They find further that if all
votes challenged by both sides in the Division presidential
election had been eliminated the result of the election as de-
clared would not have been changed, and that if leniency
were shown toward the matter of irregular votes its pre-
ponderancy was toward the side which lost the election as
declared.
(6) The committee finds no evidence to sustain the charge
that the election was declared a tie when it was not a tie.
(7) The committee further finds that the constitution of
the Maryland Division explicitly gives to its Division Presi-
dent the casting vote in the event of a tie vote, in addition to
her vote as Division President, and parliamentary law sus-
tains this principle. The committee finds no evidence that
Mrs. F. G. Odenheimer ever claimed a vote on her office as
President General as being effective in the convention of the
Maryland Division and that her reference to supposititious
votes as State Monument Directors was for the sake of il-
lustration merely.
3. That on account of the lateness of the hour when the
vote on the President's election was declared a tie Mrs. Oden-
heimer as President of the Maryland Division declared a
Qoi^federat^ Ueterai?.
537
recess in the meeting of November 16, 1915, and adjourned
it until November 23. The committee finds, further, that this
adjournment was taken after due discussion had settled the
date on which to reassemble to the satisfaction and under-
standing of all present, which included delegates from all
Chapters present in the convention, full notice being thus
given. No ten days was possible in a week's interval, nor
was it constitutionally required for an adjourned meeting.
The meeting on November 23 the committee finds, therefore.
to have been a legal meeting and competent to complete the
election of Division officers.
4. The committee finds that the evidence does not sustain
the statement that Mrs. A. W. Mears "resigned" her office
as President of the Maryland Division, but it shows that she
merely temporarily suspended herself from its full duties until
the Confederate veterans could bear witness to the loyalty of
her father's Confederate record.
5. That the committee finds the calling of a State meeting
of the Maryland Division on July 19, 1916, over the signatures
of four Chapter Presidents instead of over the signature of
the Division Corresponding Secretary was irregular and to be
regretted; but it also finds that as few as three Chapters
could require the meeting of the State Division and that the
reasons given for the method of calling were weighty and
deserving of consideration.
6. 7. The committee finds no evidence to sustain the charge
against Mrs. Odenheimcr of having the meeting conducted in
"an arbitrary and tyrannical manner," nor that of having
dominated the meeting through the presiding officer, Mrs. W.
W. Preston. The power of rendering decisions when asked
is inherent in the office of President General, and Mrs. F. G.
Odenheimcr was strictly within her prerogative in rendering
the two given in the meeting of July 19, 1916. The commit-
tee further finds no evidence that Mrs. Odenheimer invited
any outsiders to this meeting. The men present were three
Confederate veterans, who came to bear testimony to the loyal
Confederate record of Mrs. Mears's father, a lawyer to advise
on legal points if necessary, a stenographer to take official
proceedings (a copy of which i< before the committee), and
Mr. A. W. Mears. The committee finds no evidence to sustain
the charge that Mrs. Adelbert W. Mears is not the duly and
lawfully elected President of the Maryland Division, U. D. C.
The committee would summarize its conclusions as follows :
1. Having carefully and conscientiously examined the evi-
dence submitted, read every paper closely, heard with impar-
tial attention the verbal testimony of the ladies who have
come before the committee, and weighed and compared the
conflicting statements, the committee finds the charges against
Mrs. Frank G. Odenheimer without foundation in the evi-
dence as given in full.
2. The committee finds Mrs. Adelbert W. Mears to have
been duly elected President of the Maryland Division, U. D. C.
3. The committee finds Mrs. F. G. Odenheimer, Presi-
dent General U. D. C, to have been absolutely within the
scope of her powers in rendering on July 19, 1916, the de-
cisions which have been questioned by Baltimore Chapter,
No. 8.
4. The committee, having also carefully examined and
scrutinized all papers submitted in evidence on the question
of the Confederate record of Mr. George Washington Em-
merich, which papers included attested statements and letters
from Confederate veterans of high standing and unquestioned
integrity, as well as records obtained from the Adjutant Gen-
12*
cral U. S. A., finds the charges against the loyalty of the said
George Washington Emmerich to be without foundation in
fact and unsustained by any proof whatsoever. The commit-
tee further finds the said papers to prove that Mr. Emmerich
was a faithful and gallant Confederate soldier, fully entitled
to his cross of honor from the United Daughters of the Con-
federacy, and that any statements to the contrary are a griev-
ous and unwarrantable injustice to the memory of a brave
and loyal son of the South, who gave her true and steadfast
service in her time of need.
After careful and conscientious consideration of the sec-
tions and subsections of the protest and charges submitted by
Baltimore Chapter, No. 8, making reference during such con-
sideration to the papers submitted in evidence and to the
shorthand notes made by the secretary of the committee dur-
ing the testimony of Mrs. Preston, Mrs. Odenheimer, and
Mrs. Brown, and after painstaking and detailed examination of
every point involved and of all evidence bearing upon each
of same, the committee submits the foregoing report as cor-
rect, just, and impersonal, to the best of its knowledge and
belief.
Respectfully, Sister Esther Carlotta, S. R.,
Past President Florida Division, Chairman;
Mrs. A. A. Campbell,
Past President Virginia Division;
Mrs. N. W. Mum,
Past Treasurer Kentucky Division;
Mrs. Charles Roberts,
Kentucky Division ;
Mrs. J. T. Beai.e.
President Arkansas Division;
Miss Jennie S. Price,
President West Virginia Division;
Mrs. J. Norment Powell,
President Tennessee Division.
We. the undersigned members of the Executive Board, U.
D. C, in regular session assembled in Dallas, Tex., November
7. 1916. with Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky, Second Vice Presi-
dent, presiding, unanimously adopted the above committee re-
port as the report of the Executive Board, U. D. C.
Mrs. L. M. Bashinsky,
Second Vice President Genera! U. D. C.
Mrs. Lula Loveix,
Third I 'ice President General U. D. C.
Mrs. C. B. Tate.
Treasurer General U. D. C.
Mrs. W. F. Baker,
Corresponding Secretary General U. D. C.
Mildred Lewis Rutherford.
Historian General U. D. C.
Mrs. Acnes Halliburton,
Registrar General U. D. C.
Mrs. F. M. Williams,
Recording Secretary General U. D. C.
If but the world would give to some
The crumbs that from its table fall,
'Twcre bounty large enough for all
The famishing to feed thereof. — Father Tabb.
538
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
INCIDENTS OF SERVICE WITH THE CHARLESTON
LIGHT DRAGOONS.
[Reminiscences of Albert Rhett Elmore, private in the Dra-
goons, sergeant major 7th South Carolina Regiment, Hagood's
Brigade, lieutenant 1st South Carolina Regular Infantry,
Rhett's Brigade.]
In the year 1863, about the 25th of August, a detail of six
men was made from the Charleston Light Dragoons for
courier duty at Fort Wagner, near Charleston, N. C. In
order to comprehend the duties of these men and the fearfully
fiery ordeal through which they passed, it is necessary to
give a brief description of the location of the fort and the
surrounding grounds.
Morris Island is a long, narrow strip of land lying nearly
parallel with the mainland, ending in a point about half a
mile from Fort Sumter, called Cummings Point. On this
point was built Battery (or Fort) Gregg, between which and
Fort Sumter, on the one side, and Fort Moultrie, on Sulli-
van's Island, on the other, were the entrances to Charleston
Harbor. Fort Sumter stands like a grim sentinel in the mid-
dle of the channel, commanding both sides and with power to
make certain destruction of any vessel attempting either pas-
sage. It is built upon an artificial bank made of oyster shells,
lime, and stones ; is octagon in shape, built of brick. Its walls,
probably thirty feet high and twenty thick, rise majestically
out of the ocean itself, and the wild waves wash and dash
against its very walls. The possession of Fort Sumter, there-
fore, was, in Federal estimation, the "open sesame" to the city
of Charleston, and to them the possession of Morris Island
meant the reduction of the grand old fort. History has al-
ready told the story of their great mistake and how, even after
they had taken Morris Island and turned their land batteries
and the concentrated forces of their monitors upon her and
crumbled her brick walls into dust, she still stood, as im-
pregnable as the Rock of Gibraltar, defying them to come and
take her, climbing day by day higher and higher upon the
roll of fame.
On Morris Island, three-quarters o"t a mile from Battery
Gregg, was situated Fort Wagner, an earthwork of great
strength, with wings, or high breastworks, extending to the
marsh on the one side and the ocean on the other. Along
these wings, where the men were comparatively unprotected,
the casualties in the latter days of our possession were fear-
ful. Memory fails to recall the names of the first detail ex-
cept two. One of these was Alex R. Taylor, of Columbia, a
boy of seventeen, a gallant and noble youth. For many years
he has been sleeping beneath the sod in the old Taylor family
burying ground in Columbia. After escaping all the dangers
of the battle fields, upon many of which he bore a conspicuous
part, he fell a victim, just after the close of the war, to coun-
try fever upon the eve of his wedding and was buried in his
wedding suit. Alex was a great favorite with all, generous
and brave to a fault. He was wounded in the leg by a frag-
ment of shell while on duty at Morris Island. Later, when
the Charleston Light Dragoons, as Company K, 4th South
Carolina Cavalry, went to Virginia and, as a part of Gen. M.
C. Butler's command, took part in all of General Hampton's
battles, young Taylor was detached as special courier to Gen-
eral Butler and did his duty like a man, being especially re-
lied upon when danger was greatest. Upon one occasion, while
carrying a dispatch in the battle of Trevilian Station, his horse
was killed under him. He was a noted and beautiful rider
and would never ride anything but a good horse. Being on
foot, he was soon captured. Never can I forget the delight
we all experienced the next day when "Little Alex," riding a
Yankee horse, with his tail twisted to one side, came into
camp, expressing his supreme disgust for "Twist Tail," as
he called him, and vowing that he would ride him only until
he could either buy or capture "a horse fit for a gentleman to
ride." The best part of it was that Twist Tail's former rider,
a full-fledged Yankee cavalryman, was trudging along on foot
while Alex, in the Yankee's saddle, pistol in hand, was march-
ing him in to the provost marshal. He had managed to make
his own escape and then, without arms even, seeing this fel-
low approaching, secreted himself in the bushes and, stepping
out suddenly, grasped the bridle of the horse, demanded the
soldier's surrender, disarmed him, and took his horse and at
the point of his (the Yankee's) own weapon marched him out
of his own lines and landed him safely in a Confederate prison.
Could anything have been more gallant?
After the battle of Trevilian Station, General Hampton
made for the "White House," on the Pamunkey River, it being
a large base of supplies for the Federal armies. As well as
I can remember, it was on the 14th or 15th of June when at
good daylight we charged the Yankee picket post. (Let me
say here that in this little fight the Dragoons had dwindled, by
wounds and deaths and capture, to three men, all privates, your
humble servant being one of the three. I think Willie Fish-
burne was another, but am not sure, and who the third one
was I cannot remember.) On Saturday, May 28, at Haw's
Shop, we carried into action thirty-six men ; we left nine dead
on the field and nine more wounded, just half. On Monday,
May 30, at Cold Harbor, or Frazier's Farm, we took twenty-
eight into the fight; again were half of our devoted little band
taken — fourteen killed, wounded, and missing. At Trevilian,
on the 12th of June, we were halved again ; out of twelve, six
killed and wounded, three dead on the field. The Dragoons
had been annihilated.
As we charged in column, General Butler and staff and
couriers leading, we took the picket completely by surprise.
In my mind's eye I can now see the Yankees standing around
their camp fires drinking buttermilk, while an ambulance with
two immense tin cans stood near, showing where their supply
came from. Cups and canteens were dashed to the ground,
Winchesters and Spencers snatched up, and their "crack,
crack" joining in with the reports of our boys' revolvers made
things lively for a few minutes. In this little fight young Tay-
lor, on Twist Tail, again performed a gallant deed. (I got it
from his own lips at the time as soon as the firing ceased.)
The affair with the picket was soon ended, and a furious can-
nonade opened from all their batteries and gunboats. Fortu-
nately for us, they shot too high, their shells and grapeshot
tearing away the limbs of trees, but doing us no harm. Our
entire command, however, was withdrawn by General Hamp-
ton some distance back, where we were kept mounted in line
waiting for developments.
It was while thus waiting that Alex Taylor galloped up on
a beautiful bay mare, handsomely rigged, the saddle having a
nice little cavalry valise attached to it. Ah ! how vividly I
recall his bright face as he exclaimed : "Doc [a pet name he
had for me], I've got my horse. Ain't she a fine one?"
"That she is," 1 replied; "but, Alex, what did you do with
Twist Tail?" "O," he said, "I turned him loose. I was afraid
that if I brought him out too they would make me give my
mare up as the property of the government. And now, say,
let's see what this fellow had in his valise." Soon the articles
were drawn forth: the photograph of a pretty young girl,
some letters, a few articles of wearing apparel, and a dark
Qopfederat^ Veterar).
539
morocco writing case for use in camp. "Ah !" said Alex, "I
will send this home to mother."
Young Taylor had selected this mare while under fire, taking
his pick of all the horses tied around the picket camp. He
told me that just before he got the mare he saw a Yankee
take deliberate aim and fire at Gen. M. C. Butler, not more
than twenty steps distant, and miss him, and that as the Yan-
kee threw another cartridge into the breech of his gun he
with his pistol shot him before he could aim again. It is
probable that this shot of Alex's saved the General's life. I
do not think that General Butler was ever made aware of this
incident; but I know it to be true, for Alex related it to me
immediately afterwards, and I never knew him to state any-
thing but truth.
And now for the sequel. Alas for human hopes! Twist
Tail declined to remain with his former comrades. He had
become a Confederate, and when our command retired he re-
tired also, and when we went into camp, lo ! at General But-
ler's headquarters Twist Tail appeared and called for his
oats. I blush to state that immediately a special order was
issued to young Taylor to bring up his captured mare and to
deliver her to the proper authorities ( ?) and to get his own
horse again. I forbear commenting further, nor will I say
what became of the mare ; there are those still living who
know. I shall only add that Alex Taylor obeyed the order,
but declined positively ever to recognize Twist Tail again.
He went out into the country and bought a fine horse. Twist
Tail was given by him to Benny Bostick, who rode him short-
ly afterwards to his own death, he being killed in the next
fight, I believe, in which the company became engaged. Benin
was a noble boy, still in his teens, and died like a man.
One other of our first detail to Fort Wagner was Josiah
Bedon. No braver knight ever buckled on his sword to fight
for his country thaii poor "Old 'Siah Bedon," as his friends
loved to call him. One of nature's noblemen, a high-toned
Christian gentleman, modest and unassuming, never shirking
a duty, a warm friend of my brother, much older than myself,
he was a man whom to know was to admire. He too sleeps
beneath the sod, the green grasses and sweet clover of old
Virginia blooming over the battle field of Haw's Shop. Un-
known is his grave, but upon the heart of every' one who ever
knew him is engraved that proudest of all epitaphs, "Dead
upon the battle field."
On the first day of September the second detail of the
Dragoons, consisting of six men under Sergeant Holland, left
Charleston to relieve Detail No. i. This party was made up
of volunteers for this dangerous duty. Memory fails to recall
the names of the devoted six except myself and John Harles-
ton, nicknamed by us "Pirate," a distinction conferred on him
for the gallant part he took upon the first privateer of the
war, the Savannah, which went out from Charleston and was
soon captured. Old John and the rest of her crew were
thrown into a Yankee dungeon and sentenced to be hanged as
pirates, and nothing but the firm stand of President Davis and
the assurance of immediate and double retaliation saved the
neck of our gallant Pirate and gave back to the Confederacy
a brave soldier, a cultivated and refined gentleman, a boon
companion, and a zealous friend.
The headquarters of our detail were at Battery Gregg, one
man being continually kept on duty at Battery Wagner. I
remember well one night when, our signal corps having in-
terpreted the Yankee code of signals, we were notified that
at a certain hour of the night Battery Gregg would be as-
saulted, and simultaneously an attack in rowboats with hand
grenades and scaling ladders would be made on Fort Sumter.
1 he troops were all busy preparing for the reception of the
Yankees, when I noticed the Pirate running around and beg-
ging for a musket. I said to him : "Why, John, old fellow,
what have you got to do with a musket? You are a courier
and have nothing to do but carry dispatches." He replied :
"My neck has already been too d — near a halter, and I have
already tasted too much of a Yankee prison to take any
chances on this thing. I would rather die on the top of this
battery, gun in hand, than to go there again." The assault
was made, a futile effort easily repulsed ; but the Pirate was
on top, gun in hand, and nobly did his part.
We arrived at Battery Gregg on Tuesday, September i;
and on the following Sunday Morris Island was evacuated.
During those six days Battery Wagner was subjected to the
concentrated fire of the land batteries and the fleet and ex-
perienced one of the most fearful and terrific bombardments
of the war. Fort Gregg was occasionally complimented with
a shell ox two.
One day, all being pretty quiet at Gregg. I went out of the
bombproof to the top of the battery. I had borrowed a spy-
glass, and, having climbed up on a ten-inch columbiad, I was
sitting a-straddle of the gun and watching the 300-pound1
Parrott shells from the monitors as they buried themselves in
the solid wall of Sumter and, exploding, rained showers of
brick, mortar, and iron into the sea. I was much interested
until I was spied by a land battery on James Island and per-
haps taken for an officer. A light Parrott gun was evidently
fired at me direct, for the peculiar whish of the shell, so well
(and only) known to those who have heard it, as it passed
close enough for me to feel the wind of it was a sufficient in-
timation that I was the object of special attention ; and if not
already in the wrong box, I soon would be unless I changed
my base. It is needless to say that I required no second in-
vitation to "vamoose the ranch."
The bombproofs at Gregg were nothing more than square
excavations under the batteries, walled on the sides and over-
head with heavy timbers and open to the rear. On another
occasion I was sitting in the mouth, or opening, of one of
them when I heard the heavy thud of a shell as it fell on the
battery overhead; and a second more and it had rolled from
the top of the battery, and with another thud the huge iron
ball (a 300-pounder) lay in the sand almost within reach of
me, the fuse frizzing and frying and emitting sparks like the
wick of a boy's firecracker on a Fourth-of-July morning. It
was the cleanest, shiniest cannon ball I ever saw. We all
threw ourselves flat on the ground. Seconds appeared hours
as we waited for the explosion, knowing full well that we
could not all escape; and yet we did, for the fuse went out.
A merciful God, he who takes care of the fatherless and the
widow, took care of the soldier. Walking then, as it were, in
the "valley of the shadow of death," he was with us. After
the fuse went out, an ordnance sergeant took a bayonet, un-
screwed the top, and poured enough powder out of it to have
made the average South Carolina boy happy for a dozen
robin seasons.
How different the fate of a sergeant of the 1st Regular In-
fantry the next day ! Snipes. I think, was his name, a tall,
handsome man with dark hair and side whiskers. He was
standing outside of the bombproof watching the shells as
they fell thick and fast into poor old Wagner. All at once
I heard him exclaim : "Look out, boys ! Yonder it comes,
smoking like hell !" The next moment he was lying on the
sand, his lifeblood ebbing fast from a fearful wound in his
54Q
Qopfederat^ Veterai).
side, cutting him almost in two. The shell fired from the
Ironsides had exploded as he spoke, and a huge fragment had
given him his death stroke. He was tenderly lifted and
"brought into the bombproof, but knew himself to be beyond
human aid. His tender messages to his wife and little child
•delivered to his captain were very touching. He was a brave
man and died like a soldier.
Our duties were the carrying of dispatches between Gregg
and Wagner, each making the perilous trip in his turn.
Imagine, if you can, a ride of more than one-half, perhaps
three-quarters, of a mile right down the open beach, exposed
all along to the terrific fire of grape, canister, and shell from
the entire fleet, to which add the special compliments of Yan-
kee sharpshooters with telescopic rifles, and you have a faint
idea of the courier's dangers. These races we had frequently
to make at night, with no other light than the stars of heaven
^nd that of the bursting shells. Often would the tired, worn-
out horse plunge into a hole torn up by some bursting shell,
falling perhaps, but struggling again to its feet and again re-
newing the race for life. The nearer you were to Battery
Wagner, the heavier the fire and the greater the danger. It
•was like entering or leaving the very mouth of hell itself.
When our detail arrived, there were some four or five horses
for us to ride ; but day by day they became less and less, until
on the day we left the island, I believe, there was but one left
living. This was a little gray mare, whose tail had been com-
pletely cut off near her body by a piece of shell. Many a sol-
dier who served through that week will remember the noble
little mare that, with the dreadful wound, weakened by loss
of blood, and fearfully disfigured, did duty for the Confederacy
to the last. She was ridden by me in carrying the very last
dispatch between the two forts. And she was, I think, the last
horse left alive on the island and passed with it into the
hands of the enemy.
Apropos of the last dispatch, I shall relate a singular coin-
cidence. Several years ago, while on a train going to
Micanopy, Fla., I entered into conversation with a gentleman
who lived near Micanopy, having gone there since the war.
He incidentally mentioned that he was trying to collect data
for a Major Gilchrist, who was, or intended, writing a history
of the bombardment of Wagner and its evacuation. He told
me his name was J. D. Johnson and that he commanded a
company in a South Carolina regiment which was on duty in
Wagner during the bombardment and at the time of its evacua-
tion. There was a certain link in the chain of Major Gil-
christ's narrative which he had been requested to supply, but
had never been able to do so. It was why the guns when the
battery was evacuated had not been spiked and why the bat-
tery had not been blown up. He remembered that just before
the troops marched out of the battery a courier had been dis-
patched to Fort Gregg for rat-tail files, but he supposed that
he had been killed or would not face the fire to return. He
remembered perfectly well that the courier rode a gray mare
with her tail shot off and that he was almost a boy, his upper
lip just beginning to shade with down, with dark hair and
eyes. I asked him if he thought he could recognize the man.
"'Look into my face," said I ; "for I was that courier, and I can
supply your link. The courier did return, for God took care
of him; but he brought no rat-tail files, because there were
none at Gregg to be had. This accounted for not spiking the
guns." Captain Johnson at once traced the resemblance of
the boy to the heavily mustached and bearded man and gave
me a hearty grasp of the hand. I then told him why I thought
the battery had not been blown up. Capt. C. C. Pinckney and
Lieutenant Marzyck were commissioned to perform the serv-
ice, and I was the last man except these two to leave the fort.
I learned afterwards that they fixed the fuses to the magazine
and fired them ; but they must have been defective and gone
out, as the magazine failed to explode. Lieutenant Marzyck
gave me his overcoat with the request that I take it over to
Charleston.
After my return from Fort Gregg with the last dispatch,
Col. L. M. C. Keit, who was in command, having no further
use for me, let me shift for myself; hence my presence there
after all the troops had marched out. I remember that a great
desire struck me to see the inside of the hospital, and I walked
into it for a look. Ghastly, not a living thing in it but myself,
it represented truly "the bivouac of the dead." The bodies of
the poor fellows who had been taken in there, mortally
wounded, to die, lying around thick, with piles and heaps of
legs and arms, made a ghastly photograph upon my senses and
memory which will never be effaced while life lasts. I turned
my back upon it, and, seeing a lot of double-barreled shot-
guns lying around, I picked up one at random and left the fort,
to make my way as best I could back to Fort Gregg, Cum-
mings Point, where the steamer was waiting for the last Con-
federates on the island. Those shotguns had been taken there
to be used with buckshot, as more effective at short range, in
case of an assault. The one I picked up I sent home as a
souvenir, and when Sherman took Columbia his soldiers took
this gun from my mother's home and beat it to pieces against
a post.
Just a faint description of the bombardment as we left the
island. As I said before, the signals of the Yankee code had
been interpreted. General Beauregard knew that at nine
o'clock the battery would be assaulted, that he could hold it
no longer, and that to resist would be only a useless sacrifice
of life. The Yankees had approached the fort by building
parallels until they were within twenty-five yards of the bat-
tery. This was Sunday night, September 6, 1863. During the
day an immense United States flag had been planted in twenty
steps of our battery. It was Lieut. Bob Miller, I believe, of
the 1st Infantry, who begged to be allowed to take a squad
and dash out and get the flag. It would have been madness ;
hence the request was refused, and the sun went down with
the Stars and Stripes waving defiantly within twenty steps of
us and only waiting until after the shades of night should fall
to be planted on Wagner itself. It would have been, though,
in a deluge of blood had not our humane general seen that all
had been done that brave men could do to hold the fort and
and that the time had come to save life.
The evacuation was ordered to take place as soon as the
cover of darkness was over us. The troops all marched out,
but many a poor fellow was left weltering in his blood on the
sandy beach between Wagner and Gregg, struck down on the
way to safety.
Looking back at Wagner, having made my way in safety to
Gregg, the scene was terrible and magnificent. To cover an
assault, artillery fire is always doubled; and for every shot
that had been fired at old Wagner there were now two. The
Ironsides belched forth huge sheets of flame from her broad-
sides. The monitors, ranged around in a semicircle, added
their lights to the magnificence of the scene. And from the
land batteries, "louder than the bolts of heaven, far flashed
the red artillery." The lighted fuses of the mortar shells, like
little shooting stars, each describing the arc of a circle, cut the
heavens in every direction, a veritable reproduction of a
meteoric shower, grand and sublime, a fitting tribute to "man's
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
541
inhumanity to man." The shells bursting high in the air,
mingling their sparks, as it were, with the lights of heaven,
the terrible and continuous roar of a hundred guns, the ten-
inch columbiad, the heavy mortars, to which were added the
peculiar rifle crack of the Parrott guns and "scream'' of its
shells, all went to make a scene the grandeur and awful effect
of which is beyond the power of man to describe. But hark !
all of a sudden, in a second, the scene was changed; com-
paratively all became as still as the grave. The hour of assault
was at hand. We who, familiar with the manner in which
such things were managed, were watching from the deck
of the fleeing steamer knew that old Wagner was being for
the first time desecrated by the Yankee tread. In our mind's
eye we saw them as, brave men though they were, rushing
over the parapets, they met only those who were left dead in
the trenches. "The pleasures of hope" had vanished; the star
of Battery Wagner was set forever, and never again would
it shine in the Confederate constellation ; but, rising in history,
it will shine there forever, a monument to the courage, en-
durance, and valor of the Southern soldier.
There was with us in the fort an old captain of ordnance.
He was from Texas and had been commissioned for gallantry
upon the field of the First Manassas. He was a tall, lanky
old fellow, his hair white with age, and in appearance a typical
Davy Crockett. He was known to us only as "Old Texas."
I never knew his name. On the top of the earthworks were
placed sandbags for the protection of our sharpshooters be-
fore the bombardment became too heavy for them to use their
guns. These bags were arranged so as to have portholes be-
tween them. In the latter days of the siege to darken one of
these holes was a sure invitation to a Yankee sharpshooter,
who, with his telescopic sights, could plump his bullet through
it at every pop. One day Old Texas, curiosity getting the bet-
ter of his discretion, was just about to darken one of the
portholes with his countenance to take a peep when he was
warned not to do so. He replied that he could take care of
himself and began (cautiously, however) to take his peep.
He had just about gotten one eye to the hole, when "zip" came
the bullet, and Old Texas was minus just the lobe of his left
ear. I was told that a similar experience befell Colonel Col-
quitt, of the 6th Georgia, afterwards the distinguished Gov-
ernor and United States Senator of that State. The Colonel,
however, was more fortunate than Old Texas; for he lost only
the palmetto cockade which pinned up the side of his broad
black felt hat.
A shell had made a breach in our works which had to be
repaired. A detail was made for the purpose and placed in
charge of Major O'Brien, engineer on Beauregard's staff. The
work was so perilous that one man was detailed to work at a
time and only for five minutes. I have heard of many in-
stances of the premonition of fate, but the one I am about to
relate is the only one that ever came under my immediate
observation. One poor fellow, when his turn came, seemed
paralyzed with fear. To Major O'Brien's order to take the
spade, to the taunts of cowardice, to the threat of the bayonet,
his only reply was: "Major, I can't do it." At last the Major
(a dark, tall man, as brave as Julius Ca:sar), out of all pa-
tience, said: "Well, sir, every man here must and shall do his
part; but I will compel no man to do that which I will not do
myself. I will work this five minutes; you, sir, shall work tlic
next if I have to put you at it with the point of the bayonet."
He stepped out, grasped the spade, and in the presence of his
men did his full five minutes' work. Stepping back under
cover, he again ordered the man out. The poor fellow, pale
and trembling, pleaded in vain for another respite. At the point
of the bayonet, literally, he was forced out. In sheer despera-
tion he grabbed the spade and, placing his foot on it, wai
about to push it into the ground when a shell exploded near,
and the poor fellow fell, a headless trunk, too dead to know
what hurt hirm.
In the battle of Frazier's Farm, or Cold Harbor, the Dra-
goons, with Captain Foster's company, were the last to be put
into the fight. We had been so fearfully cut up at Haw's-
Shop that I think General Butler would have been glad to-
favor us here; but it could not be, for with two brigades we
were fighting a whole corps. We were dismounted, our horses,
left under cover of a heavy pine timber, and we charged
through an open field to a wide lane between us and the field
beyond, planted in wheat just beginning to ripen, it being
early in June. In this lane, along the wheat field fence, our
men stood and engaged the enemy.
It is needless to say that before we knew it we were badly
whipped. E. L. Wells, John Chisolm, Dick Martin, and Tom-
Durant were some of the boys whom I remember particularly
as being near me. I remember Wells, a cousin of the Hugers,
of Charleston, S. C, standing up in the road and crowing like
a chicken while the bullets were flying fast. Soon afterwards
Willie Fishburne was sent to inform us that everything was in
retreat and to get out as fast as we could. As we leaped the
fence to run across the field to where he left our horses, poor
Jimmie Bee was shot through the knee right by me. I saw
John Chisolm trying to help him off the field, but he was
forced to leave him. His leg was amputated by the Yankees,
from the effects of which he died in a Federal hospital. Just
above me, in the corner of the rail fence, I saw a Confed-
erate squatting with his gun to his shoulder, poked through-
the fence, and full cocked. I thought it strange that he did not
pull the trigger or make any motion to run wdien we were alt
getting away as fast as we could. Upon closer notice I found
lh.it he had been killed, shot through the head in the very act
of firing. Death had been so instantaneous that he still re-
tained his position and grasp on his gun. which through the
rails of the fence steadied the body as it had been last in life.
Running across the open field, we gained the cover of the
heavy pine timber. Just in the edge of this timber was a small'
branch which, when swollen by the rains, had washed out a
gulch about six feet deep. I plunged into this gulch to gain-
protection from the shot and time to rest. Here I found others
of my companions slaking their thirst from the muddy little
stream. I thought I was completely exhausted and exclaimed:
"Boys, I can run no longer; I shall stay here and be cap-
tured." Just then a fellow from some other command rolled
into the ditch with the exclamation: "If any of you can get
out of here, you had better do it: for them is nigger troops
and ain't a-giving no quarter." A sense of the ridiculous
strikes me as I recall the sudden energy which this remark
infused into the tired bodies of those who thought they could
run no more. In a moment every man of us was scrambling
out of that ditch and again into the race for life and liberty. I
was ahead of Dick Martin when I heard him say: "I have
given out; I can't run any more." I turned back, caught him
by the hand, and pulled him along, and together we reached
a place of safety.
This was late in the evening. After dark as much of the
wdiole command as could be gotten together was drawn up in
line and a strong detail of one hundred or two hundred men
counted off for picket duty. Not more than a quarter of a
mile, maybe not so far, was a long lane between two high
542
QotyfederaC^ l/eterap.
fences. At the end of the lane a few men had been left on
duty as pickets until the detail could be made to relieve them.
Night had set in, and it was very dark. The column marched
down this lane, and when they reached the end of it they were
mistaken for Yankees and fired upon. I distinctly saw the
flash of their guns, and then began a stampede which was ter-
rible to listen to and fearful in its results. Men and horses
•were trampled to death and lost. J. M. Howell (poor old
"Malley"!), after getting out of the stampede, wandered in
the darkness into the hands of the enemy and spent the rest of
the war in the stockades of Point Lookout. Here also A. B.
Phillips, of our company, received injuries which eventually
terminated in death. Never can I forget the ridiculous ap-
pearance of that gallant soldier and accomplished gentleman,
July Pringle, always the very pink of neatness, as he reached
•us the next morning, horseless, hatless, with a white handker-
chief tied over his head to protect him from the rays of the
sun. I heard General Butler on this occasion tell an amus-
ing anecdote of Waring Boone. To know Boone was to
love him. A man of infinite jest, his sense of humor could
not be restrained even in the face of the greatest danger.
Poor fellow ! he fell in our next battle at Trevilian, another
noble sacrifice to our country's cause. After the stampede, as
General Butler was riding around gathering up the men and
trying to inspire them with confidence, he spied a figure in
the darkness seated on the top of a fence. He called out :
"Who is that?" "It's me," replied the figure. "Who is me?"
asked the General. "Me, Boone," was the reply. The Gen-
eral, knowing Boone well, said : "What are you doing there,
Boone?" "Well, General," said he, "I have just made a mas-
terly retreat."
I should have said that the report of the trooper when he
"scared" us out of the ditch about the nigger troops was a
draw on his distorted imagination. We had been fighting a
whole corps with only two brigades, which accounted for our
being so badly whipped. I mention this incident merely to
illustrate the dread that the Confederate always felt of ever
falling into the hands of the brutal negro soldiery.
Apropos of this, I shall tell a little story which long, long,
afterwards I heard an old soldier tell as we gathered around
the camp fire. It was told of a Confederate cannoneer. When
Grant sprang the mine at Petersburg and the Crater was
charged by a division of negro troops, "they came like an
avalanche, with white troops behind them, and until our men
could recover from the shock and demoralization of the ex-
plosion they were forced to give way." The gunner in ques-
tion said: "I had the cannon rammer in my hand. On the
end is always the swab to wipe out the gun. I had just per-
formed this duty when I had to run. Forgetting to drop the
rammer, I threw it over my shoulder and started to run." The
swab was made of sheepskin and was, of course, black with
powder. Using the graphic language of the gunner himself:
"I tell you, boys, every time I looked back and saw that black,
woolly thing I took it for a nigger's head, and I d — nigh
ran myself to death." However, history tells how our brave
troops turned, retook the works, and filled Grant's Crater
with the bodies of those same dead niggers.
Quite an interval takes us to the 27th of October. Haw's
Shop, Frazier's Farm (or Cold Harbor), Trevilian, Reams's
Station, and other battles had robbed the Dragoons of many,
very many noble comrades. Around the camp fires were
missed many familiar faces ; but the return of f urloughed men,
recovered from sickness or wounds, still gave to the Dragoons
food for war. On the 27th of October we were in camp on
the Boydton plank road near Hatcher's Run, between Peters-
burg and Weldon. That morning we were awakened just at
the crack of day by the firing of our pickets as they were run
in. My servant, who rejoiced in the geographical cognomen
of "Africa," in great alarm rushed to our fly and roused us by
asking MacWragg in the most excited manner: "Ith dem
gunths, Mr. MacWragg?" My brother-in-law, Col. Thomas
Taylor, of Columbia, S. C, who was aid-de-camp to General
Hampton, told me this story of Africa. It occurred after
Sherman had taken Columbia, and we were being driven
ahead of him through the upper part of the State. I had
then been appointed by President Davis, who was a personal
friend of my father and mother, as second lieutenant in
the 1st South Carolina Regular Infantry; but, being cut off
from my command, I had volunteered for the time being on
General Hampton's staff. At Doko I had been ordered by the
General to return to Columbia, gather all the information I
could, and join him where and when I could. Of course I
could not take Africa with me, but left him with Colonel
Taylor, mounted on a little mare of mine.
On the march a few days afterwards a creek very much
swollen from rain was reached. There was nothing to do but
to swim it. The general and staff plunged in and were soon
on the other side. Colonel Taylor looked back, to see the
"Chasseur D'Afrique" coolly sitting on my mare with a de-
cided aversion to taking the water. "Why don't you come,
boy?" called Colonel Taylor. "No, thir, Marth Tom, no, thir;
I can't thwim." "Come on, sir," called the Colonel, "or, d —
you, I'll shoot you." "No, thir, Marth Tom, don't shoot me;
I can't thwim." In another moment he had leaped from the
mare's back, turned her head into the stream, giving her n
crack with a whip, and the brave little mare soon stood on
the opposite shore, but without any "nigger." The Colonel in
great wrath yelled to some soldiers, "Shoot the d — rascal" ;
but with "No, thir, Marth Tom," Africa disappeared in the
bushes. They never expected to see him again, being satis-
fied that he had turned back into the arms of the Yankees.
Judge of the Colonel's surprise when, awhile later, happening
to cast his eyes behind, whom should he see on the little mare,
riding along as big as life, but Africa himself. "Where the
devil did you come from?" inquired the Colonel, not yet alto-
gether in a good humor. "No, thir, Marth Tom, I can't
thwim ; but dith nigger kin beat a coon crawlin' a log." It is
needless to say that the faithful fellow was soon again in the
good graces of "Marth Tom," that he served me faithfully to
the end, and still occupies a warm place in my memory and
regard.
Soon "boots and saddles" was sounded by the bugler, and
we were mounted and on the go. Our regiment, the 4th
Cavalry, was thrown out as mounted skirmishers; but until
three o'clock that evening we did not fire a gun. Two prison-
ers were taken. They were Dutch and could not speak a word
of English. I remember the light that spread over their faces
when July Pringle, who had been educated in Europe and
spoke German fluently, addressed them in their own language.
Later on in the day I was sent with a dispatch to General
Hampton and found him at his headquarters in a large field.
The battle was raging all around, and the peculiar "zip ! zip !"
of the Minie balls was a familiar sound before I reached him.
He gave me a verbal order to Lieutenant Colonel Stokes to
bring our regiment up at once. Having delivered this order,
I fell into line with my company. I remember that I was suf-
fering with a fearful sick headache; and my friend, William
A. Boyle, advised me to go to the rear. I knew that if I
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
543
did it would be attributed to a different motive, so I went on
into the fight. We charged the Yankees out of a skirt of woods
and, forming our line along an old fence row, became actively
engaged with the enemy at not more than one hundred and
fifty yards distance, they occupying the edge of the woods on
the other side of the field. Shug Bellinger, Tim O'Brien, a
man from Captain Calhoun's company, and I grouped together
behind a good-sized oak tree. Tim had been wounded at
Haw's Shop and was but lately returned to the command. A
little before sundown Tim was again wounded, shot in the
shoulder. I heard him exclaim to Lieutenant Harleston. who
was just in the rear of us, "Lieutenant, I've got it again," and
then made his way to the rear. But a short time afterwards
a bullet tore away Bellinger's coat sleeve between the elbow
and shoulder and shattered the arm of Calhoun's man a little
in the rear of him. It was late in the evening when Willie
Fishburne came down the line distributing ammunition and
told Lieutenant Harleston that General Hampton's orders
were to hold the line at all hazards ; that Mahone had gone
around in the rear, and we would soon hear from him. A
little later, and on the left of the line above us the Rebel yell
announced that "Little Billy" was at work. I had heard
musketry before; but then, tired and sick as I was, I thought
as the long, unbroken roll continued, above which we could
plainly hear the hurrahs of the troops, it was the s\\
music I ever listened to. In the excitement of triumphant
battle we entirely lost sight of the fact that it was music full
of death and destruction to the fond hopes of many a hearth
being made desolate and that to many a happy home the return
of a loved one, in blue or gray, would he looked for in vain.
In front of us until some time in the night a straggling shot
and the whistle of a bullet told that "the foe was still sullenly
firing." We won the fight, but at a fearful sacrifice. Col.
R. J. Jeffords, of the Jth Cavalry, lay dead on the field ; Lieut.
Preston Hampton, the friend and companion of all my days.
was no more; and our noble old chieftain. General 1 la-
had seen both his sons shot down before his eyes — Preston
killed and Wade Hampton, Jr., shot through and tin
They were both with him as aids. The former was his regu-
lar aid; and Wade, who was on Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's
staff, was visiting his father. Mai. Theodore P. Barker, his
adjutant general, had also been fearfully wounded, shot
through the hips.
It was a cold October night, and a drizzling rain had set
in. I requested permission from Lieutenant Harleston to re-
tire, being really for the time very sick. I made my way back
to the house where General Hampton had his headquarters,
only to find it deserted except by a few teamsters, with whom
I spent the night. In the morning I set out to find my com-
mand. My way lay directly through the battle fields. I
passed hundreds of dead soldiers and saw no sign of life until
I reached an old broken caisson. Under it had crawled two
wounded Yankees. Each had a leg broken, and they were
jabbering in broken English and Dutch. They begged me to
hunt up the ambulance corps and get them to come to their
relief, which I did. The men, however, said : "Our own men
first ; Yankees afterwards." I was sorry for them, but could
not aid them. Some distance farther on I was attracted by
seeing something white in a heavy pine sapling thicket. Rid-
ing up, I found a camp cot. The pillow was as white as snow,
while the blankets and everything about it were beautifully
clean and nice. Upon it lay, pale with suffering, a fair-haired
youth of seventeen or eighteen, with light complexion, delicate
features, and as he opened them the softest blue eyes I ever
looked into. My heart went out to this poor boy lying so
pale and helpless. His first word was that of all wounded
soldiers — "water." I sprang from my horse and put to his
lips my canteen, which I left with him. He then asked me if
our ambulance corps were taking up the wounded and made
the same request the others had. I had to tell him that it
would be useless to try to get them, as I had already been
refused. "Ah !" said he, "then it will make but little differ-
ence ; for if I am not attended to soon, I cannot live." I asked
him then where he was shot, and he replied: "My knee is
shattered." He spoke like a man and a soldier, with not a
word of complaint. When our command passed that way the
next day, I again went to his cot, to find the soldier's battles
forever over, for "he lay like a warrior taking his rest, with
his martial cloak around him." His blue eyes were wide open,
looking pleadingly to Heaven for that relief which had been
l him by the cruel fate of war.
Alter the fight on the 27th we returned to and occupied our
same camp. The tight had raged right through it. The other
troops were there engaged, our command, as before stated,
having left it early in the morning. The next day a fellow
from some other company in the regiment was taking his
horse to water. Riding along about twenty steps in front of
my little tent fly, his horse's feet sank into some soft earth.
Examination showed that the earth had been freshly disturbed
and the pine straw raked thickly hack over it. "I wonder if a
Yankee ain't here, boys," exclaimed he. "Better dig and see,"
replied some one. "1 think I will," said he. "The fellow may
have on a pair of boots, and my old ones," sticking forward
a foot partially covered with a worn-out Confederate brogan,
"have about done their do." He commenced to grabble. Sol-
diers are never covered deep. Soon a foot was found, slowly
pulled up out of the earth, giving a shake to get the dirt off,
and. to the fellow's delight, it was found to be incased in a
good cavalry boot with a brass spur on it. To find the other
foot and draw the boots from the feet of the dead Yankee was
but the work of a moment. With the exclamation, "By golly,
boys, I've got 'em!" he coolly pitched his old shoes into the
hole, drew the boots onto his own feet, mounted his horse,
after throwing a little dirt back to fill up the hole, and made
off to the creek to water his horse with as perfect an air of
satisfaction as if he had gotten a pair of pump-soled boots
free of cost from a first-class ante-bellum shoe store.
Many decades have passed on the leaden wings of time since
together we rode in the light of battle. Many noble com-
rades since the end of strife have crossed the river and joined
the host in the great beyond. I often think of that beautiful
poem which so touchingly describes "The Phantom Host" of
noble Confederates who had laid down their lives upon the
altar of their country, and in my imagination pass in phan-
tom array the names and faces of the Middletons, the Robin-
sons, Pocher, Fairley, Miles, Prioleau, Lining, Huger, O'Hear,
Bedon, Vanderhorst, Bee, Ravenel, Phillips, and many others
whose names are familiar to all those who knew the Charleston
Dragoons and all of whom are now at rest.
But the dead repine not; their ashes are as free from heat
as our sorrow should be. The record is made up; the sym-
metrical shaft (in Magnolia Cemetery) in the midst of live
oaks and on the border of the blue waters points unerringly
to the azure sky. The story of life and death is chronicled;
and for these Dragoons, as for the Confederate everywhere
and at all times, there is and shall be the silent sympathy of
love.
544
Qotyfederat^ l/eteraij.
FRESH SOLDIERS.
BY W. E. DOYLE, TEAGUE, TEX.
Some years ago I wrote the following bloodless war story
for Dr. S. O. Young, Adjutant of the Galveston Camp, U. C.
V., and I think some other of the "boys" might enjoy reading
it. It is not as thrilling and bloody as some of the boys ex-
perienced, yet it is a truthful war story. My early experience
as a soldier illustrates how little inexperienced soldiers may
sometimes be trusted.
In 1864 Capt. W. L. Trenholm commanded two companies
of cavalry on the coast of South Carolina, his command being
known as Trenholm's Squadron. In April of that year this
squadron was ordered to Richmond to form a part of the
7th South Carolina Cavalry, to be commanded by Col. A. C
Haskell. We arrived in Richmond early in May and went
into camp on the Military Road about four miles northeast
of that city. When the regiment was formed, Trenholm's
Squadron composed Companies A and G. About two-thirds
of these companies consisted of young boys, and I was a pri-
vate in Company G. Our third lieutenant was W. G. Hinson,
of Charleston. After we had been in camp two or three days,
Sergeant Duncan took about six of us to do picket duty at
Mechanicsville. During our stay there we killed no Yankees,
saw none, and heard none ; but on returning to our camp we
felt like veterans. After resting a day or so, ten or twelve
men (rather boys) of Company G were put under command
of Lieutenant Hinson for a dashing reconnoissance. I was
one of this gallant band, and we moved out northwest on the
Military Roard to where it intersects the Richmond and
Mechanicsville road. There we took the latter road north,
crossed the Chickahominy, and went up the long red hill to
Mechanicsville; thence in a northeasterly direction for about
five miles. As we were about to pass a house near the road,
we were hailed by some ladies who were standing on the
piazza. On reaching the yard gate three beautiful young ladies
and their mother met us with a good supply of fried chicken
and biscuits, it being about noon. We remained mounted, and
the ladies kept up a lively conversation while we were eating.
They were delighted to learn that we were South Carolinians
and assured us that they were proud to meet and feed some
of South Carolina's chivalrous cavaliers. When informed
that we were going out about Cold Harbor to hunt up some
Yankees, they expressed great joy and satisfaction, saying
they knew we would not let any Yankees come near their
premises. After eating we rode on, and Virginia's beauties
stood and gazed at South Carolina's cavaliers as long as we
were in sight, Lieutenant Hinson being at the head of the
column and I at the rear.
After going about a mile we came to where there were
dense forests on both sides of the road. Silence pervaded
our ranks. I did not ask any of my comrades what they
were thinking about, but at all events we were not thinking of
Yankees. Thus we moved on when, as suddenly as a thought
and without seeing or hearing anything so far as I know to
this day, the head of the column, as if by magic, reversed and
started back so quickly and so fast that I was thrown in the
rear; but being in such a great hurry, I stayed at the heels
of the horse in front of me. Thus began the quickest and the
fastest retrograde movement made on either side during the
whole war. When we passed the house where the young
ladies were, our speed was so great that it took two of them
to say, "Here they come" and "There they go." The ladies
doubtless thought South Carolina's cavaliers rode race horses
and that ten thousand Yankees would be on in a few seconds.
My recollection now is that I possessed composure of mind
enough to feel sheepish as I passed the young ladies on what
could but be to them the most earnest, sudden, and swift re-
turn soldiers ever made.
During this remarkably precipitous charge to the rear none
looked back, so far as I know; I did not. After simply
flying half a mile or so past the house we checked up, but I
do not know why or how. Lieutenant Hinson then ordered
us to the right; and we went out into the woods about fifty
yards from the road, dismounted, and lay down on the ground,
expecting (I suppose) to see the Yankees run by us. In this
we were disappointed, however ; and after the lapse of fifteen
or twenty minutes we remounted, rode back into the road,
feeling glad that the Yankees did not get us, and went on
back at leisure and in silence to camp. I never did know
what report Comrade Hinson made of this great military
movement; but, to our surprise, the Richmond papers said
nothing about it, and it caused no stir in Lee's army.
This ludicrous flight was caused by lack of experience
rather than want of courage. A short time subsequent to
this we had our first experience at Second Cold Harbor, and
after that we had not only to see the Yankees, but to be shot
at before we ran, and not often then did we run.
The 7th South Carolina, the Hampton Legion, and the 24th
Virginia composed Gary's Brigade of Cavalry, and it did its
duty well to the last. The 7th South Carolina proved to be
one of the best regiments in the service. Lieutenant Hinson
was one of its best and bravest officers, and he stood with
Gary and Haskell under the big chestnut tree at Appomattox
when the finale came and the Stars and Bars were furled for-
ever.
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
BY W. K. M COY.
"The man and the hour have met." (Yancey.)
O man of the hour, we hail thee to-day,
Though we crown thee with cypress instead of the bay,
Which 'twere meet that our hands round thy brow should
entwine
And which in the ages to come shall be thine.
We bring our poor guerdon of praise for thy name,
For failure with honor, for defeat without shame ;
For thy patience and faith, though pursued to the end
By the malice of foe and false judgment of friend;
For the prison's dark days, where for those thou hadst led
All the fury of hell was poured out on thy head ;
For thy lonely old age, secluded, apart,
The woe of thy country engraved on thy heart.
Is there purified sight in the realm of the soul?
May the free-soaring spirit read the future's dark scroll
And see thy place high in the Temple of Fame,
Where garlands of laurel shall circle thy name!
Canst thou gaze down the aisles of the ages unknown
And behold thy loved Southland come into her own
And know the good land, which thy foes would enslave,
Shall again be the home of the free and the brave?
What though to poor mortals thick clouds intervene,
If thy satisfied spirit may view the fair scene
And, perchance, from the star-guarded ramparts above
Thou mayest tenderly smile on the land of thy love?
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
545
MILITARY OPERATIONS OF THE LOWER TRANS-
MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT, 1863-64.
BY P. S. HAGY, ABINGDON, VA.
The Confederate veteran of to-day, environed as he is by
old age and with the indelible impression of vivid events of
which he was a part impressed on his mind, in thought has
much to do with the past. With a few exceptions, age has
eliminated him from the councils of State. He is beyond the
life of commercial activity and is incapable of enduring the
hardships of labor. Therefore he is an idle, animated body
with a mind that ruminates and dwells much on what have
been leading events in his past life.
I appreciate the impossibility of describing an event of such
magnitude as a battle or campaign so that my views will co-
incide in all points with those of others who had as good an
opportunity of seeing and knowing what was taking place.
With the hope that the reader will understand that I am re-
lating events as I saw them, I undertake to place before him
a part of Confederate history little understood even to-day by
the public.
Back to Virginia.
In January, 1861, after a stay of eight years in Texas, I
came back to my father's home in Virginia and found that I
had come from a section where practically all were for seces-
sion into one where there was strong opposition to it.
When the War between the States began. I enlisted in Com-
pany F. 37th Virginia Infantry, as a twelve months' volunteer.
During my service with this company I became acquainted
with the mountains of West Virginia, Stonewall Jackson's
ways in the Valley of Virginia, and the treatment of a prisoner
in Federal hands at Fort Delaware. All of which forced me
to agree with a certain definition of war attributed to Gen. W.
T. Sherman.
After I was exchanged in the summer of 1862 at Richmond,
I was given an unsolicited discharge on account of unhealed
wounds and was furnished' transportation to my Texas home.
Three months later I became a member of Company F, 1st
Texas Cavalry, a volunteer for the war. This was a mounted
infantry regiment armed with Enfield rilles, under command
of Col. A. Buchell.
During the year 1863, as the State of Texas was nearly
drained of her sons, called to the defense of other parts of
our beloved Southland, much apprehension was felt for his
safety. There were signs at some point on the coast of an
early attack by the Federal navy to open the way for the land-
ing of troops who were crowded on the transports that fre-
quented the coast. The Federals had captured Galveston on
October 8, 1862, and the indications were that they would use
this as a base in their invasion of the State. This plan was
frustrated, however, by Gen. J. B. Magruder, at the time in
command of that military district. Annoyed by the occupa-
tion of the principal seaport by the Federals, on January I,
1863, he retook the city by a brilliant assault and captured a
quantity of supplies.
Coast Defenses.
After this success General Magruder determined to put the
coast in as good condition of defense as the means and time
would allow. At this time Corpus Christi, Indianola, Port
Lavaca, and many other ports were open and almost unpro-
tected. In accordance with this plan a fort was begun on the
Texas side of Sabine Pass early in August, and on the 20th
it was occupied by the Davis Guards, a gallant company of
forty-two Irishmen, under the command of Capt. F. A. Odium.
12**
General Magruder collected all the troops he could and quar-
tered them in cantonments at the different points where he ex-
pected an attack. Our doubts as to where the enemy would
strike were dispelled early in September by their attack on
Fort Griffin, at Sabine Pass.
At the time of the attack the fort, which was only a mud
structure, was incomplete, one of the forty-two Irishmen de-
fending it was sick and in the hospital, and Captain Odium
was absent, Lieut. R. W. Dowling being in command. The
armament consisted of two 32-pounders, two 24-pounders, and
two 24-pound mountain howitzers. These last two were put
in position on the night of the 6th of September.
Early on the morning of the ;th the enemy's fleet and trans-
ports began to assemble in the waters outside of the Pass.
That night a large number of vessels, loaded with General
Franklin's infantry corps, came up on the outside in plain
view of the fort.
Apprised of the overwhelming odds, General Magruder sent
an order to spike the guns, blow up the fort, and retire to
Taylor's Bayou and attempt to hold the enemy in check there.
This order Lieutenant Dowling and his men received, but reso-
lutely declared that they would fight as long as there were men
enough left to man a gun. On the morning of the 8th the
gunboats and transports began crossing the bar. The gun-
boats, led by the Sachem and the Granite State, proceeded up-
stream, firing on the fort as they advanced. Lieutenant Dow-
ling and his men held their fire until the gunboats had come
within range and then opened fire on the Sachem. At the
second round a ball from one of the 32-pounders entered her
steam chest and caused an explosion, creating great havoc and
badly scalding many of her men. Many of them jumped over-
board, and those who were not drowned swam to the Louisi-
ana shore and were picked up by the transports. The Sachem
out of the war, the lire was then directed against the Granite
State, which was soon put out of commission. Meanwhile the
Clifton, of eighteen guns, carrying the commodore's flag, had
taken a position in the western channel mar the Texas shore,
so close to the fort that the guns could not be depressed
enough to bear on her without digging away some of the
earthwork of the fort. This was done at great risk, and such
a fire was directed against the boat that fifty of her crew were
disabled. Judging from the first that there was a large force
in the fort and fearing utter destruction, the commander raised
a white flag. Lieutenant Dowling then requested them to send
a boat to the fort, which was done, and he, with a small escort,
went on board and received the surrender of the boat and
its crew of one hundred and fifty men. The Sachem then sur-
rendered, and the Granite State withdrew in a badly crippled
condition. One of the transports was so badly crippled that it
was lost soon after it crossed the bar. The rest of the fleet
retired and took up its position outside the Pass.
General Magruder had become aware of the enemy's inten-
tion to attack the Pass a few days before the battle and had
ordered several regiments to Beaumont and to the Pass. The
ist Texas Cavalry arrived at the Pass the day after the battle.
The scene presented to us on our arrival was inspiring in
the highest degree. This little fort, situated in an uninviting
locality, a mile below the small town, with not a house or a
fence within half a mile, had sheltered the men who had done
a deed of valor unparalleled in the annals of war. They had
killed fifty-two. captured over three hundred, had two fine
gunboats tied to the wharf, had crippled another, so injured
a transport that it was lost, and were holding off a large fleet
with all of General Franklin's army corps of eleven thousand
546
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
men on board. This was all done without losing a man or
spilling a drop of blood on the Confederate side, and all this
was done, too, with guns discarded by the United States gov-
ernment as obsolete. One of them was thrown off of its plat-
form and put out of commission by the recoil at the first fire.
Concentration of Troops.
Troops were rapidly concentrated at the threatened point,
and by the ioth of the month there were about twenty-five
hundred in the vicinity of the Pass. General Magruder arrived
soon after; and as the enemy's fleet still lingered outside the
sound and seemed loath to leave in the face of such insig-
nificant opposition as they saw, he decided to hold a review of
his forces for their benefit. Choosing ground well down toward
the Pass suitable for his purpose, he marched his little army
around in a circle, using every means in his power to deceive
the enemy as to its numbers. The cavalry was marched
around in regiments and while out of view dismounted and
sent around again as infantry. The artillery changed their
horses after each round so as to appear as a new battery on
the next. Such was the deception that the next New Orleans
papers that we got gave Magruder's army at Sabine Pass as
twenty-five thousand men. The fleet lingered only a short
time and set sail for New Orleans.
This ended any further attempt to effect a landing on the
Texas coast during that year, and we spent the time watching
the Louisiana as well as the Texas coast until we went into
winter quarters at Neblett's Bluff, where we built palm houses
for the winter.
The spring of 1864 found the Confederacy beleaguered on
all sides and her means of support rapidly ebbing away.
General Grant's policy of attrition was evidenced in her armies,
and, outside of some providence, the end could be seen. Yet
there was no relinquishment of the cause. This year found
the true Confederate at his post with a heart as full of devo-
tion to the principles that first moved him as it was in 1861.
He had become seasoned to the occupation that led him
through toil, danger, and privation. He understood the art
of war perfectly ; he could be defeated, but the idea of panic
had become antiquated with him ; his flank could be turned —
what of it? It was made to turn, and when such occurred he
would readjust his lines and show the enemy a new front.
He was neither a soldier of fortune nor of vandalism. His
life, even in adversity, showed the sunshine and respect in his
heart that he had for his fellow man, traits so often shown
to his fallen foe. When history is truly written, the Confed-
erate soldier will then be rightly placed, and the world will
better know what feelings of love of country and for what
principles he was contending, the power of which raised his
value as a soldier and stood him in the effulgent light as a
true patriot.
Death Grapple.
Armies were advancing, and the death grapple was at hand.
This was to be a year of irreparable waste to the Confederacy.
Her men were all in the field or swelling the ranks of her
foes. More than four hundred and fifty-five thousand of them
were in the opposing armies.
"We are getting ready for big blows," wrote Gen. W. T.
Sherman to Rear Admiral D. D. Porter, regarding the Red
River expedition in the spring of 1864. An army well ap-
pointed, provided with every equipment that money could pro-
cure for their comfort, assisted by a powerful fleet of gun-
boats to convey them on their way and provide easy sub-
sistence in case of need, was coming up Red River and another
through Arkansas, both converging to meet at Shreveport
and make that a common base for their operations against
Texas. In her depletion it looked as if her doom was cer-
tain and that she would become, as her sister States in the
Trans-Mississippi Department, prostrated at the feet of her
foes.
Gen. N. P. Banks, who had gained some notoriety in the
campaigns in the Valley of Virginia, was at the head of over
thirty thousand soldiers advancing up Red River, and with
him was a large fleet to give him aid from the river. To his
discredit and that of his soldiers, he allowed them to depre-
date on the people of the country through which he marched.
Property of all descriptions, much of it useless and cum-
bersome, was taken from the rich and poor alike. House
hold goods, female apparel, horses, wagons, negroes, and
whatever else the country held, were taken and their homes
and even the outbuildings burned.
The only force available to oppose the invasion of this vast
army was Gen. Thomas Green and his brigade of horse, who
killed and captured a good many of them and damaged their
forage trains along their line of march. Gen. Richard Tay-
lor, in command of the Louisiana military district, collected
what troops he could. Many of them were on their road from
Texas and were concentrating near Shreveport. Several
Texas regiments were approaching from different parts of the
State. On the 5th of April the 1st Texas Cavalry arrived
at Sabine Crossroads, where it rested till the evening of the
7th. It was then ordered to proceed down the Natchitoches
road to relieve General Green's brigade, that had been con-
testing the advance of the enemy for several days. His posi-
tion was reached that evening after his men had gone into
camp for the night, and the 1st Texas assumed the duties he
and his men had been performing for some time.
At an early hour the next morning the enemy began opera-
tions with infantry and cavalry. They knew the Confederate
position and threw forward a strong skirmish line against
videttes stationed across their path. These opposed their
advance until ordered to fall back. From this time on during
the morning the regiment interposed at all favorable points,
until about noon it was ordered to form column in the road,
and, moving in this formation for half a mile, it reached the
battle ground of Mansfield.
Confederate Line.
The Confederate battle line was established in the edge of
a wood in front of which was a field about twelve hundred
yards long by eight hundred wide. The road from Natchi-
toches to Sabine Crossroads ran through this field, dividing
its length into about equal parts. The field fence was torn
down and improvised breastworks made of the rails, behind
which lay a strong battle line of infantry.
General Smith (at least it was so reported) had determined
to give battle here. The General's idea was to draw the
enemy farther into the country and farther away from their
gunboats in the Red River before engaging them. Be that as
it may, it afforded the troops, who had been so ruthlessly
driven back during the morning, the deepest pleasure to see this
battle line and feel the spirit of comradeship that drew them
in heart to each other.
The formation of the line, as decided upon by General Tay-
lor, was Walker's Infantry, with two batteries, on the right of
the road, facing Pleasant Hill, forming our complete right
wing. On the left Mouton's two brigades and two batteries
formed the center, extending from Walker's left, and as
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
547
Green's men came in they dismounted and took position on
Mouton's left. A regiment of horse was posted on both the
roads parallel to the main road. DeBray's Cavalry and Mc-
Mahan's Battery were held in reserve. The dense forest pre-
vented the use of artillery, except one or two pieces, which
did excellent service. As reported by Taylor, the entire
strength of the Confederates was 5,300 infantry, 3,000 cavalry,
and 500 artillery, aggregating 8,800 men. The 1st Texas Cav-
alry, having been pretty well exercised in the morning, was
assigned to guard the parallel road on the right, which the
enemy could use if they attacked our right flank. General
Taylor had been forced to form these lines hurriedly, as
many of the troops had come from points miles away that
morning. The Confederate left and center were destined to
stand the greatest part of the conflict.
Delayed Attack.
The enemy delayed their attack and were vigorously attacked
by Green's dismounted men and a few small commands on
their right and by General Mouton's troops in the center.
The fighting soon became very heavy, when General Taylor
ordered forward his entire line, which, in crossing the open
field, sustained a terrific discharge of grape and canister from
the enemy's batteries posted in the edge of the timber. Gen-
eral Walker attacked their left and after a sharp fight cap-
tured their artillery and many prisoners and broke their left
flank, which joined in confusion with the center and right.
The disorder was communicated to their immense train, and
it was practically abandoned to the Confederates, who had
already taken the artillery, a number of prisoners, and a
number of small arms. The Confederates pursued the Fed-
erals with great vigor as they fell back to Mill Creek, from
where they had started that morning. One division of the
13th Army Corps and General Lee's eight thousand cavalry
had met their Waterloo and were in no mind whatever to
lengthen the distance between them and their gunboats.
Refugees Re-Formed.
The refugees re-formed on the eastern bank of Mill Creek,
where they found the 19th Army Corps drawn up on the high
ground. General Taylor in his book, "Destruction and Re-
construction," says : "Near sunset the 19th Army Corps was
met, drawn up in line of battle, on the eastern side of the
creek, and a sharp battle occurred, Walker, Green, and Polig-
nac leading their men, who had become wearied in pursuit."
The location of the 19th Corps was not seen — indeed, its
presence was not known — by the Confederates until they
fired on the pursuers. They had taken position on the crest
of the high ground and along an orchard or field fence and
were screened from view of the oncoming Confederates by a
thick growth of pine between them and the creek.
General Bee says : "Then, moving rapidly, we crossed Seven-
Mile Creek, following up what was reported to me as a routed
foe, but at once encountered the 19th Army Corps of the
Federal army, who, not having come up in time to take part
in the action at Mansfield, was now fresh and well posted on
the crest of the hill surrounding the creek. Owing to the road's
being blocked by the captured trains, our troops of the dif-
ferent arms became intermingled; but imbued by the proper
spirit, acting as one organization, infantry and dismounted
cavalry charged the enemy's lines and maintained their
ground until night put an end to the most severe action of
the day."
It was now dark. The duties of the Confederates during
the day had been onerous, and to protract the operations
further, unless the enemy took the initiative, would have im-
posed an unnecessary hardship on them. When the enemy
ceased firing, the Confederates encamped on the ground where
they were, with the expectation of the renewal of the battle
the next morning.
Early in the morning of the 9th it was discovered that the
enemy had retreated during the night and that nothing was in
front of us except a number of the dead and wounded they
had abandoned. As soon as the troops could get breakfast
the pursuit was renewed, resulting in the capture of a num-
ber of prisoners. We passed many burned and burning wag-
ons, showing that the panic was still on and had been com-
municated to the 19th Army Corps. Early in the forenoon
we came upon the enemy in battle array at the little village
of Pleasant Hill, eighteen or twenty miles from the Mans-
field battle ground and on the direct road from there to their
gunboats in Red River, which were still thirty-six miles away.
Battle of Pleasant Hill.
The battle of Pleasant Hill was a display of the manhood
of the Western men. A. J. Smith's ten thousand men were
from the Northwestern States. They were men as much
inured to the strenuous life as the men they were pitted
against, but were without the incentive that moves men tn
action. General Banks's army was composed of thirty-one or
thirty-two thousand well-equipped soldiers, and only a fraction
of them had been truly defeated. It was so improbable that it
seemed presumptuous on the part of General Taylor and his
subordinates to think of making headway against this force
with his little army of less than twelve thousand five hun-
dred men of all arms. Many of them were poorly armed,
some of them, in fact, having received their arms from those
captured the day before.
It was a late hour in the day before all the Confederate
troops arrived. The Missourians and Arkansans under
Gen. Thomas Churchill on the night of the Sth had camped
at Keatchi, a little village halfway between Mansfield and
Shreveport and about twenty-five miles from Pleasant Hill.
Leaving their camp at three o'clock on the morning of the
9th, they reached Pleasant Hill at three o'clock that afternoon,
wearied by their twelve-hour march and with their ranks so
broken by straggling that it required an hour or more for all
of them to reach the place. Gen. C. J. Polignac, who, on the
death of General Mouton at Mansfield, had been placed in
command of his two brigades and had united them with his
own, was early on the ground with his men. Churchill's
troops as they came upon the ground were placed on the right,
opposing A. J. Smith's Federals, drawn from the 16th and
17th Army Corps. Walker, Polignac, and Bee formed the
left wing and center, connecting with Churchill on the right.
In a Timbered Section.
The operations of the right wing under General Churchill
were in a timbered section with a heavy undergrowth, which
concealed the presence and movements of opposing bodies of
men. In a move to take position on the enemy's left a dis-
connection of his troops occurred, and advantage of it being
taken by the enemy came near causing disaster. The troops
stood their ground manfully, but it was difficult to retrieve
the error. Churchill's troops were driven back about a
mile and lost between three and four hundred prisoners and
three pieces of artillery before night put an end to the con-
flict. They had been contending with much the best troops
in the Federal army in that engagement.
548
Qoi}federat^ l/eterap.
The Confederate left wing fared much better. The Fed-
eral right was driven back fully as far as was Churchill and
their lines badly shattered. They lost several hundred prison-
ers, several pieces of artillery, a quantity of small arms, and
two hundred and fifty wagons, horses, and mules. When
night ended the conflict, the ground was strewn with the
dead and wounded of both sides. The Federals retreated
during the night, a fact which was not known to the Con-
federates until next morning, and before relief could be given
to their wounded they underwent much suffering.
The battle of Pleasant Hill was neither a victory nor a de-
feat, as far as the actual result on the ground could be con-
sidered, but the final results from it were of great benefit to
the Trans-Mississippi Department. It relieved the country
of a threatened calamity in the subjugation of the part that
had not been overrun and relieved the Confederate armies
so 'they could encompass and destroy Gen. Frederick Steele,
who was coming down through Arkansas with a strong Fed-
eral force to assist in the conquest of Texas.
Campaign against Steele.
After the battle of Pleasant Hill it became necessary for
General Taylor to divide his army for the purpose of over-
coming the force under Steele, and on the last day of April
he was met at Jenkins's Ferry, on the Sabine River, defeated,
and driven from the country.
During the campaign against Steele there was no cessa-
tion of the operations against Banks and his army, and the
retreat and pursuit went on. After the battle of Pleasant
Hill one-half of the Confederate army was sent to aid Gen-
eral Price in his operations against Steele, while the other
half, composed of Bee's and Green's cavalry brigades, an
infantry division, and one or two small regiments of home
guards, followed Banks and his army, which had retreated on
the night of the battle, toward their water protection at
Grand Ecore.
The duties of the pursuers were arduous. It was impor-
tant that the enemy should not know the size of the force
following them, and so the Confederates kept up great ac-
tivity to keep the Federals in doubt and uncertainty as to
their numbers.
When the Federals reached Grand Ecore, there were two
courses open to them— one to extend their ascent of the river
up to Shreveport and capture the city, the other to leave the
country they had spent so many lives and so much money to
subjugate and under the protection of their gunboats go
back the way they had come. This was the course they
adopted. Had they tried the former, it would have cost the
Confederacy great loss of life in opposing them, would have
probably saved Steele from destruction if carried out with
energy, and the two armies united should have been sufficient
to subjugate that entire part of the Confederacy.
On their retreat the Confederates, not exceeding six thou-
sand, followed them closely, captured and burned several of
their transports, doing them much injury, and proving that
their gunboats were almost at the mercy of a land battery of
infantry. General Green was killed three days after the battle
of Pleasant Hill in an attack on the boats, but, as a rule, they
did the Confederates little damage; while from the high
banks and the bushy country along the river they were at the
mercy of the land batteries and ambuscades of infantry, so
that it was almost necessary for the army to convoy them.
At Monett's, Natchitoches, and Old River skirmishes of some
magnitude occurred, but the fight was almost continuous till
Alexandria was reached.
Crossing the Bar.
On account of the low stage of water in the river quite a
number of their boats could not cross the bar, which inter-
fered with navigation here on account of their draft. It
was thought by the Confederates that the boats would either
have to be abandoned or destroyed, and it was reported that
this was decided on when an engineer in the army developed
the plan of building a dam nearly all the way across the river
and forming enough water through the remaining space to
float the boats over. The dam was finished in a fortnight,
and the boats floated over all right.
The condition of the Federal army by the time they were
ready to leave Alexandria was becoming precarious. Their
forage trains had been cut off and captured. The river was
so well guarded that but little could be expected from sup-
plies sent from below. Both food and ammunition were
growing scarce. General Majors had captured several boats
loaded with necessary supplies at David's Ferry, twenty miles
below Alexandria, together with a large number of prisoners.
Majors gave the Federals much annoyance and caused them
heavy losses on the lower river.
The Federal army, having been delayed over a fortnight on
account of their gunboats, got them over on the 12th of May
and commenced anew their retreat down the river. They
were again set upon by the Confederates both on the river and
on the road. Taylor says: "At Avoyelles Prairie the enemy
were constantly attacked in front, rear, and right flank." This
was not the exception, but a fair statement of what occurred
on the entire retreat until they arrived at Simsport, on the
Atchafalaya River, the 18th of May.
Before the Federals crossed over, being under the protec-
tion of a large fleet of gunboats, they offered the Confed-
rates battle on Yellow Bayou. In this engagement the Fed-
erals were victors, two or three regiments of the Confederates
losing quite heavily in men and officers. Among the latter
was the gallant Colonel Stone.
Claim Victory.
General Banks during his entire retreat claimed that he
was victorious in every contest. Regarding the battle of
Pleasant Hill, he says: "The battle on the 9th was desperate
and sanguinary. The defeat of the enemy was complete, and
his loss in officers and men was more than double that sus-
tained by our force." Again he says : "The enemy was driven
from the field. It was as clear a rout as it was possible for
any army to suffer." It would be interesting to know why
he was running away from such glorious victories and failing
to secure their fruits.
Admiral D. D. Porter seems to have a different opinion. I
quote from a letter he Wrote General Sherman on April 14,
five days after the battle of Pleasant Hill. It reads: "The
army here has met with a great defeat, no matter what the
generals try to make it. With the defeat has come demorali-
zation, and it will take some time to rearrange and make up
the deficiency in killed and wounded. The whole affair has
been seriously mismanaged. It was well we came up, for I
am convinced that the Rebels would have attacked this broken
army at Grand Ecore had we not been here to cover it. I
do not think our army would be in condition to resist them.
I confess that I feel a little uncertain how to act. I could
not leave this army now without disgracing myself forever,
Qoi?federat^ tfeterai).
549
and when running a risk in their cause I do not want to be
deserted. One of my officers has already been asked if we
would not burn our gunboats as soon as the army left, speak-
ing as if a gunboat was a very ordinary affair. I inclose two
notes I received from Banks and Stone. There is a faint
attempt to make a victory out of this, but two or three such
victories would cost us our existence."
General Taylor's losses in killed, wounded, and missing
were close to twenty-five hundred. That of the Federals was
much larger. Their loss in prisoners was twenty-eight hun-
dred ; and twenty pieces of artillery, a large number of small
arms, several hundred wagons, ambulances, horses, mules, and
all kinds of army paraphernalia were captured by the Con-
federates.
THE BATTLE OF DINGLES'S MILL, FLA.
BY W. B. GARLAND, FERNANDIN A, FLA.
Genera! Potter, of the Federal army, left Georgetown, S.
C., with five thousand regular troops — infantry, cavalry, and
artillery. When we got the news of his approach to the town
of Manning, we knew that he would go through Sumter, the
town being in a small way a supply depot, and the Presby-
terian church there had been turned into a hospital. About
sixty-five of us convalescent wounded Confederate soldiers
made up our minds that we would dispute his passage through
the town and district, as the county was then called. Lieu-
tenant McQueen, of Sumter, son of the Presbyterian minister,
and Lieutenant Pomfrcy, of New Orleans, who were on sick
leave, organized two gun crews out of the sixty-five volun-
teers. We found two brass howitzers and one iron piece,
which had been condemned. The iron piece was so badly
rusted that we could not use it ; but the two brass pieces,
though in very bad condition, we cleaned so that we could
use them. We also found some shells, some of which had
fuses, and those that had not we could use as solid shot. The
ladies in the town made bags in which to put the powder.
So, with a few rifles, on Saturday morning we went down
three miles from town to Dingles's Mill, on the road to Man-
ning. The mill pond was wide and large and the swamp
below the mill quite wide, dense, and boggy. Some men who
were born and lived all their lives near the swamp said it
"would not float a blanket, it was so soft." The side of the
pond on which we were was low and flat, an open field with-
out any natural protection for us ; but on the side that General
Potter occupied the bank of the stream rose up to quite a
hill, and the bank and hill were covered with large oak trees.
This gave the enemy a great advantage. We threw up two
breastworks, one in the middle of the road, commanded by
McQueen, and the other on the edge of the field ; but these
breastworks only protected our legs. I was with Lieutenant
romfrcy in the field and held the vent of the gun, which was
the only thing I could do, as I had lost my left hand the year
before at City Point when Beauregard whipped "Beast" Butler.
On Sunday morning, April o, 1865, word was brought to us
that Potter had left Manning and was coming on the road
where we were. We then tore up the planking of the bridge,
but could not remove the stronger pieces, as they were large
trees bedded in each bank of the stream and had been hewn
flat. There were, I think, ten of them, and a man could have
run across any one safely with ease. Some one burned the
mill house so as to prevent Potter filling it with sharpshooters.
It was about three o'clock in the afternoon when Potter drove
in our pickets. Just as they began firing on them I heard the
church bells in town ringing for afternoon service. In a very
short time we saw the bluecoats crowding the hill on the
opposite side of the milldam, and it was very shortly after
that the enemy opened fire on us. We replied to them prompt-
ly. The gun where I was fired the first shot from our side.
Having no fuse for the shell, we fired it as a solid shot. Near
the top of the hill on the side of the road was the shell of a
stump through which this first shot of ours went, leaving a
round hole. After the fight was over that night, we learned
from the Yankees that this first shot of ours killed five and
wounded several others, and if it had gone a little lower it
would have killed General Potter, as it passed just over his
head.
Potter did not attempt to charge us in front over the cause-
way, but kept up a continual lire with his artillery and rifle-
men that filled the woods on the top of the hill. We replied
with our two guns for about two hours, when I happened to
look down the swamp to our right and rear and saw the Yan-
kees jumping over the fence into the field a little over a
quarter of a mile from us. There were several hundred in
the field forming in line, and they were still coming over the
fence. I said to Pomfrcy: "Lieutenant, look at the Yankees
down there." He at once ordered the gun to be wheeled
around to fire on them, and at the same time he ordered all
the men of the gun crew to get behind the corner of the
breastworks, saying: "As soon as we fire they will pour a vol-
ley into us." I was the last man to get around the corner.
As soon as I cleaned the muzzle of the gun he gave the order
to fire. I was in the act of kneeling as Pomfrey raised up to
see the effect of our shot, when the Federals fired a volley,
and a ball struck him in the forehead. As he fell his head
struck my breast. This last shot of our gun killed fifteen or
twenty of the enemy. Lieutenant McQueen was also killed
just at this time. A shell tore his shoulder out. We were now
flanked, vastly outnumbered, and both our officers were killed.
It was useless for us to attempt to continue the fight, so we
at once retreated; and as the horses belonging to the guns
had run away when the fight began, we had to leave the guns.
Potter stayed several days in town, and when he left, about
a week or ten days after the fight, I visited the scene. Where
the enemy crossed the swamp there were fifteen or more of
their dead lying in the field. They had been buried in
very shallow graves, and the camp followers of Potter's army
had dug them up and completely stripped them. They seemed
to be Germans.
Two men from Manning went down to see the fight. One
was an Englishman by the name of Thompson, who had a drug
store, and the other was an old man, a contractor, whose name
I have forgotten. They got over on our right, where they
thought they would be out of danger ; but when the enemy
crossed the swamp they were cut off, so they tied their hand-
kerchiefs to sticks and said: "We have not been fighting; we
surrender." But the men of Potter's army replied, "D — you,
we will surrender you," and at once shot them. Mr. Bee, a
refugee from Charleston, a man about eighty years old,
lived on the edge of town with his two daughters. During
the night of the day Potter entered the town some of the same
men, soldiers, went to Mr. Bee's home and demanded drink.
He told them that he had only some wine, which was up in the
attic; they could go up there and get it. They made him go>
with them. His daughters heard much noise up there; and
after waiting a long time for their father to come down, they
went up to look for him and found him stabbed to death and
the soldiers lying there in drunken sleep.
550
Qoijfederat^ l/eterap.
THE DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW IN BATTLE.
BY W. W. GIST, CEDAR FALLS, IA.
I read with interest Mr. Shapard's article on Spring Hill
and Franklin in the Veteran for March, 1916. The view-
point often explains the apparent difference in statement. I
have heard Federals claim that the works at Franklin were
strong; others have said that they were low and afforded
scant protection. Both were doubtless right in giving what
they actually saw. Mr. Shapard evidently made his observa-
tion at a different hour from the one I had in mind. He ques-
tions my statement that our division was spread out in a
semicircle on the east side of the town. If I were sure that
the readers of the Veteran would reread Judge Young's ar-
ticle in the Veteran for January, 1908, I would not add a
word. His diagram of the battle field confirms my statement,
and he seems to have gone over the records carefully and
tries to give the exact situation.
Stanley had but one division at Spring Hill, numbering
5,689 men. Judge Young says that the Confederate effective
force on the field was 25,021. Stanley had between 800 and
1,000 vehicles of all kinds at Spring Hill to protect. He could
not send those on to Franklin, because the Confederate cavalry
was looking for that very movement, and his force was ti
small to divide and afford protection to the road and guard '
the train to Franklin. Mr. Shapard evidently thinks that the
artillery I mentioned was the battery we had out in front
near our advanced line. The artillery I referred to was parked
on an elevation near the depot at Spring Hill, and it did most
effective work, as was noted at the time. Many think that
the skillful use of that artillery deceived Hood as to the size
of the army present and made him hesitate. But that dispute
belongs to our brothers on the other side. We have disputes
enough of our own. That division was not only on the east
side of the village, but remained there till nearly daylight the
next morning. The Confederates were so close that we could
see them standing around their camp fires. They seemed to
be only about half a mile away, but our fevered imagination
may have brought them closer than the reality. The rest of
our corps and the 23d Corps marched along the pike in our
rear toward Franklin. Near daybreak our division, without
the sound of bugle or drum or the rattle of a musket, moved
back to the road and formed the rear guard in the retreat.
I have received a number of letters from Confederates that
confirm my statements. When we differ, it seems fair to be-
lieve that we are speaking of different points or different hours.
One letter from a local preacher is especially worthy of men-
tion in connection with Spring Hill and Franklin also. This
man says that one regiment of my brigade had repeating
rifles. I never heard this statement from the Confederate side
before. He was near enough to our troops to note this fact.
The 28th Kentucky had seven-shooters and under Colonel
Boone did most effective work.
Mr. Shapard thinks I am mistaken as to the situation near
the Carter house at Franklin. The difference of statement
comes partly from speaking of two lines of works. I speak
of a second line of works; he evidently has in mind the first
line of works. My statement was a little indefinite, and I
would not attempt to state the exact situation as to the works
in that region. My observations were mostly at night, and I
did not get to visit the battle field on our return, two weeks
later. Mr. H. P. Figuers, in his interesting article in the
Veteran for December, 1914, says that after the works were
completed short arms, fifteen or twenty feet in length, were
constructed at right angles with the works. I do not recall
such, yet I did not move along the works at all. Mr. Park
Marshall, in a diagram of the works as he saw them as a boy,
makes a second line of works beginning east of the pike and
running west of the locust grove. He does not show that
this finally joined the first line, but I imagine it did. When
the first line was completed, much of the artillery and many
of the wagons had not yet arrived. An opening was left at
the pike so they could enter. To protect this opening a sec-
ond line of works was made, beginning just east of the pike
and extending beyond the smokehouse at least. I doubt
whether the line went much beyond the grove. When our line
broke, it was carried back of the second line of works, and
most of us went back as far as the rear of the Carter house,
as I said in my article. I suppose those two lines of works
were three or four rods apart. Then came the famous charge
of Opdyke, and we joined in it, or they joined us. It is men-
tioned in all the official reports of the battle and in every
account I have read.
Mr. Shapard says that neither Opdyke nor any one else
made a charge. The charge was certainly made, and that was
the time and place that General Gordon and seventy of his
men were captured. Then the battery was retaken when the
Confederates were getting ready to fire it. Mr. Shapard is
evidently speaking of the first line of works, in which he took
refuge. I stood behind that second line of works from half
past four till about eleven o'clock, and of course I know what
I am speaking about. I may be mistaken as to the number of
charges. The firing generally began east of the pike and ran
along the line west. After the firing ceased a number of times
Confederates in little groups asked to surrender, and we told
them to drop their guns and come over. Some of them came
over so close to me that I might have touched them with my
left hand. This second line of works was held until nearly
midnight, when we retreated. Yes, friend Shapard, there
were many Federals in that line, and we were anxious to re-
ceive all that came. We preferred to have an unarmed Con-
federate in the rear rather than an armed one in front. The
Confederate whose letter I have mentioned confirms my con-
tention. He says the right of his regiment rested on the pike.
So we must have been nearly opposite in the fight. He was
probably a little to my left. He says he was called upon to
surrender. Being ready to do this, he placed his blanket on
his gun as a flag of truce, but it was mistaken for a flag and
riddled with bullets.
The report of Colonel Capers, of the 24th South Carolina,
tends to confirm my contention as to charges on our works.
I quote a short passage from this interesting report : "Gist's
and Gordon's Brigades charged on and reached the ditch of
the work, mounted the work, and met the enemy in close
combat. The colors of the 24th were planted and defended
on the parapet, and the enemy retired in our front some dis-
tance, but soon rallied and came back in turn to charge us.
He never succeeded in retaking the line we held." (He evi-
dently refers to the first line of works.) Another part of the
report confirms my statement that charges were made after
the first assault. It reads: "About 10 or 10:30 Lieut. James
A. Tillman, of the 24th, led his own company (I) and men
from other companies of the regiment in a charge against the
enemy over the work and captured the colors of the 97th
Ohio Volunteer Infantry and took some forty prisoners." The
97th Ohio was in the same brigade as my own regiment, so
this incident occurred near where I was.
An officer of the 72d Illinois, of Opdyke's Brigade, writes
me that his regiment was lying in reserve just north of the
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
551
Carter house. When the firing began in front, his men seized
their guns and faced south. They tore down a strong picket
fence that stood there and rushed toward the works without
orders. Owing to the obstructions, including the Carter house
and the fences, it was necessary for Opdyke to move the most
of his brigade east to the pike and beyond before they could
advance to the attack. Opdyke always contended that there
was but one line of works. Perhaps he came to the front,
where there was but the single line. I labored under that im-
pression myself for a time. I wonder whether friend Shapard
has not been laboring under the same mistake. This, it seems
to me, is the chief reason that we appear to differ in our state-
ments, lie was not lighting behind a line of works, and I on
the other side. I was behind a different line of works some
three rods away. Cannot some kind friend at Franklin de-
termine just how far apart these two lines were?
Corroborates Dr. Gist's Statement.
Mr. Park Marshall, who was born and lived in Franklin
until 1896, was a boy of nine years at the time of the battle.
He has given that conflict much study and corroborates Dr.
Gist's statements. In a late letter he writes:
"Mr. Shapard was evidently with the Confederates holding
their side of the Federal main line, which they held all night
at that point. He seems to think that there was no line of
works to the rear (north) of the Federal main line, which ex-
plains why he thought Dr. Gist's statement incorrect. Dr.
Gist refers to an interior line to which Opdyke's men advanced
after the Federals had been driven over and past it. From
Mr. Shapard's article he overlooked the existence of this in-
terior line and supposed that Dr. Gist meant to say that the
main line was retaken there, as it was at some other places.
"The interior line began about twenty-five feet east of the
pike and ran west, crossing the pike; then there was a gap
for wagons to pass by turning to the west margin of the pike;
then this line ran west nearly straight, though the main line
bore northwest, thus converging; but the interior line was not
long enough to touch the main line, it being probably two hun-
dred yards long. This interior line was ten or fifteen feet
south of the Carter house and, I think, sixty feet back of the
main line. It was made of earth and material from a barn
and picket fence which the troops tore down and was not as
high or strong as the main line. In this line was a battery
a little west and back of the main line at the smokehouse,
firing over the main line; also two guns were brought to it
at the pike from the reserve artillery. I have heard Confed-
erates say they fired from the main line at the heads of Fed-
erals at this line, which showed in silhouette because of the
fire in the town. The dead were piled like cordwood in the
little Carter yard, having been killed in the movement past
the corner of the house in going forward to this interior line.
Col. Moscow Carter was a very accurate man, a surveyor,
and he made a careful map of this place, which can be seen in
General Cox's book on the battle of Franklin.
"On the east of the pike the main line was retrenched,
changing from west to northwest, then west again on the west
side. It was in this retrenched line of about one hundred feet
that the Kentucky battery held its position. In this portion
there were four or five traverses facing toward the Carter
house; they were only two and a half feet high, as I remember.
Mr. Figuers is the only other person who has mentioned any-
thing of this kind. Just in front of the works, between the
pike and the locust thicket and not ten feet from the works,
was an old circular horse mill floor, the high edge of which
looked down on the works from about four feet above. I
remember distinctly how the splinters from shots from the
works stood out on the other side of this floor. I have never
seen any one who remembered this object distinctly. I be-
lieve it had been brought from an old mill which stood at
Wagner's line, but they did not have time to get it over the
works or to break it up for use."
COL. HUGH GARLAND— CAPTURED FLAGS.
BY J. K. MERRIFIELD, ST. LOUIS. MO.
In his book, "The Battle of Franklin, Tenn.," Col. R. W.
Banks, writing of the charge the Confederates made on the
works, says: "Officers and men with their regimental colors
lay thick upon the field from the abatis in front of the works,
where Featherstone's and Adams's men were piled, in some
instances, seven deep on one another in the outer ditch, to
the rifle pits, where lay the manly form of Col. Hugh Gar-
land, of Cockrell's Brigade, who was the first killed in French's
Division as it crossed the rifle pits."
In the March edition of the Confederate Veteran is an
article written by Capt. Joseph Boycc, of St. Louis, a captain in
the 1st Missouri Confederate Infantry, in regard to the death
of Col. Hugh Garland and about the flag of the 1st Missouri
Infantry being planted on the works. Both are wrong. There
is no man living who knows better than I where Col. Hugh
Garland fell. Colonel Garland, as well as the flag of his regi-
ment, went down about fifty feet in front of the works and
not in the outer ditch of the works, as Colonel Banks says.
The flag of the regiment went down about the same time.
Colonel Garland was not killed when he fell, but was wounded
in the knee, and had he been taken off the field at once he
doubtless would have recovered ; but in the many charges made
after he fell he received his death wounds.
The reason I can write so positively about it is because I
jumped over the works after Cockrell's Brigade had melted
away and ran to the place where I saw the 1st Missouri flag
go down, took it from the staff, and put it in my pocket.
Colonel Garland lay close to his flag. He said to me : "Sol-
dier, will you pull the bodies of these men off of me?" (The
dead and wounded in heaps had fallen on him.) I did as he
asked me to do and put a body under his head, so it might
have a rest. He then said: "Please unbuckle my sword belt; it
is hurting me." I asked him whore he was wounded, and he
said, "In the knee." He then asked me if I would give him
some water. I leaned forward so the canteen would reach
his lips, and while he was enjoying the water another Con-
federate line was advancing; so I ran to the works, carrying
the sword, belt, and flag with me. For corroboration refer-
ence can be made to Capt. J. M. Hickcy, of Washington, D.
C, who was a captain in the 6th Missouri and lay badly
wounded within six feet of Colonel Garland and saw me do just
what I have stated. A sister of Colonel Garland, Mrs. Meems,
of Seattle, Wash., now has the sword which I took from him
on that terrible field of battle. She has had a handsome monu-
ment erected to the memory of Colonel Garland in Belle-
fontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, and every Decoration Day (May
30) my wife and I take a basket of cape jasmine (a Southern
flower) and carnations and roses and a dozen flags; and there
is no burial mound that looks any prettier than that where lies
gallant Colonel Garland under our flowers.
Colonel Banks writes as if Generals Adams and Feather-
552
^oi?federat^ l/eterai).
stone made the charge after General Cockrell did. Dear old
General Cockrell and I talked the battle of Franklin over
many times during his lifetime. He told me that no braver
soldier nor finer man than Col. Hugh Garland ever lived. He
also told me that while his men were in line waiting to go
forward in the charge General Featherstone came walking up
to him and said: "General, if I get a horse to ride, may I go
in this charge with you?" Upon being asked where his bri-
gade was (not knowing he had been in the previous charge),
he answered with tears streaming down his face : "Most of
them are on that field ahead of you, either dead or wounded,
and your brigade will meet the same fate if you charge."
General Cockrell then told him he had suffered enough and
would not accept his offer to go in.
Now, as to General Featherstone's headquarters flag, the
man who carried that flag certainly was a brave man. His
horse was shot a short distance ahead of the works. He came
forward on foot to the top of the works, flag in hand. He
was shot, pitched forward, and as he fell I grabbed the flag,
took it off the staff, put it in my pocket, and have it now in
a frame on the wall in my house in St. Louis. Our dear de-
parted friend, S. A. Cunningham, came to my home to see
this flag. He took the hands of my wife in his own and, with
tears streaming down his cheeks, said : "Madam, you have
the most sacred home to me in the city of St. Louis with that
flag hanging on the wall." Mr. Cunningham was a friend
of ours for twenty years. The soldiers of the South lost a
great friend when he was called from earth. The flag of the
1st Missouri I sent to Chicago, and during the great fire there
it was destroyed.
I was a member of Company C, 88th Illinois Volunteer In-
fantry, 2d Board of Trade Regiment, of Chicago, 111., and was
in Opdyke's Brigade at Franklin. It was this brigade that
had been on rear guard all day and had filed through the
works and formed a line across the pike between the cotton
gin and Carter House. We had our guns stacked and were
ready to make coffee when, like a thunderbolt out of a clear
sky, on looking up we saw the line breaking in front of us.
We were at once ordered forward and retook the works in
the most desperate -fighting we ever saw, bayonets, butts of
guns, pistols, swords, shovels, axes, picks all being used to
gain the mastery. We succeeded in retaking the works with
considerable loss, and all of the Confederates who got inside
the works alive were put behind the cotton gin out of range'
of the firing. Then began a series of charge after charge to
break our lines, but they failed. The loss of the South must
have been more than was ever known, as I have it from rec-
ords that sixteen hundred and forty men were buried on the
field ; and it is always estimated that four men are wounded
to one killed, so the loss must have been terrible. On the
Northern side the loss was small in comparison. Van Horn's
"History of the Army of the Cumberland" says: "Never in
the history of the world's wars did so few men save an army
as Opdyke's Brigade did at Franklin, Tenn., November 30,
1864."
I have often thought what would have happened if Hood
had whipped us at Franklin. There would have been noth-
ing in his way of marching on to Nashville, Louisville, Cin-
cinnati, and even Chicago. The Army of the Potomac would
have had to send a corps of men to intercept Hood, as all
the men engaged at Franklin would have been killed or cap-
tured if the Confederate charges had been successful. There-
fore great credit should be given Opdyke's Brigade for saving
the day at Franklin.
THE RIGHT OF SECESSION.
[From an address by Prof. W. C. Wright at Eatonton, Ga.,
on Memorial Day, April 26, 1916.]
It seems to me that there is no more fit occasion than Me-
morial Day on which to review facts of history relative to the
War between the States and to instill into the minds and hearts
of the sons and daughters of the Confederacy the principles
for which our fathers and grandfathers fought and in vindi-
cation of which our mothers and grandmothers lived and
worked and all but starved.
The colonists were descended from the champions of self-
government in England and loved liberty too well to give up
their rights; hence in the Constitutional Convention of 1787
the advocates of State rights outnumbered those who favored
a centralized government. Concessions and compromises were
made on minor points, but the sovereignty of the State was
never for one moment compromised. Otherwise ratification of
the Constitution would have been impossible.
New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia entered with their
acts of ratification the assertion of the right of secession, and
the validity of their ratifying acts has never been questioned
from that day to this.
The fathers of the republic, who were present at its birth,
solemnly and repeatedly affirmed that the Union was not an
absorber of the rights of the States, but a defender of them.
The Union was a union of political societies upon the basis of
the Constitution, and Mr. Washington, voicing the sentiments
of Mr. Hamilton, said: "The acts of the larger society not
pursuant to the acts of the Constitution are acts of usurpation."
Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independ-
ence, said : "The States may withdraw their delegated power."
Madison, "maker of the Constitution," said : "The States
themselves must be judges whether the bargain has been pre-
served or broken."
Chief Justice Chase. Secretary of the Treasury in President
Lincoln's Cabinet, said: "If a State should withdraw and re-
sume her powers, I know of no power to prevent it."
Edward Everett, the great Massachusetts statesman and
nominee for the presidency in i860, said: "To expect to hold
fifteen States in the Union by force is preposterous."
Mr. Davis himself in i860 introduced in the Senate State
sovereignty resolutions, one clause of which read : "In
the adoption of the Federal Constitution the States adopting
the same acted severally as free and independent sovereigns."
And this was adopted by a vote of thirty-six to nineteen, the
Senate thus solemnly setting seal on the constitutional views
of Mr. Davis.
Mr. Webster in his last great speech at Capon Springs said:
"I repeat that if the Northern States refuse willfully and de-
liberately to carry into effect that part of the Constitution
which respects the restoration of fugitive slaves, and Congress
provides no remedy, the South would not longer be bound to
observe the compact. A bargain cannot be broken on one side
and still bind on the other side."
Horace Greeley three days before South Carolina seceded
said that "the Declaration of Independence justified her in
doing so."
But the North and East in 1861 called us rebels and traitors
because we dared leave the Union, when they themselves were
violating the Constitution and denying us rights guaranteed
by the Constitution.
Let us note for a while their own record in the matter of
secession and how insignificant were the incidents they thought
would justify them in seceding.
Qoijfederat^ tfeterai?.
553
In 1786 Massachusetts declared that "if Jay's negotiations
for closing the Mississippi for twenty-five years could not be
adopted it was high time for the New England States to
secede from the Union and form a confederacy by themselves."
In 1796 a voluntary and concerted withdrawal of the States
north of the Potomac was advocated by disunionists from
North and East.
From 1796 to 1800 and later Federalist leaders in Connecti-
cut set on foot and continued "an open propaganda for the
dissolution of the Union."
In 1796 Governor Walcott, of Connecticut, said: "I sincerely
declare that I wish the Northern States would separate from
the Southern the moment the election of Jefferson shall take
place."
Governor Plumer, of Massachusetts, distinctly affirms that
"in 1805 the purpose of New England leaders was to dissolve
the Union."
John Quincy Adams published that a plot was formed in
1903-04 to separate from the Union because of the purchase of
Louisiana.
In iSrx) Massachusetts declared that "the embargo act was
not legally binding on our citizens."
The Essex Junto was formed in 1810, and its prime object
was the dissolution of the general government and a separa-
tion of the States.
In 181 1, when a bill was introduced for the admission of
Louisiana as a State, declarations were made in the North
and East that if the bill passed "the bonds of union would be
virtually dissolved, and should be, amicably, if they can;
violently, if they must."
In 1814 the Hartford Convention, made up of delegates from
all the New England States, because of her hostility to the
War of 1812, met and planned separation from the Union.
New England gave aid to the enemies of our country during
the War of 1812, and in attacks on our fortifications by the
English blue lights were held out along the shore by our own
countrymen of New England as signals to our enemies, and
that for the simple reason that New England opposed the
War of 1812.
In 1845 John Quincy Adams declared that the annexation
of Texas would justify a dissolution of the Union and would
lead to that result.
In 1844-45 the legislatures of Massachusetts and other New
England States resolved that they were not bound to recog-
nize the annexation of Texas and deliberated on the matter of
"throwing themselves back on their rights as independent
States."
From the recorded facts of history we are led to the con-
clusion that the North felt that she would be justified in leav-
ing the Union unless navigation were discontinued on the Mis-
sissippi River for twenty-one years, or if Louisiana should he
admitted as a State, or if Texas be annexed, or if Thomas Jef-
ferson be elected President, or if war were declared with
England in 1812, or if the embargo act were not repealed.
And yet she denied the right of the South to secede when the
North herself had broken the compact that bound us. pro-
claiming from the hilltops: "The Union is a lie. Let us up
witli the flag of dissolution." "The Constitution of our fathers
is a mistake. Let us tear it in pieces and make a better one."
Now let us sec if the South was justified in leaving the
Union.
According to Mr. Webster, the compact broken on one side
was not binding on the other.
Garrison, the great abolition leader, had but recently in a
Fourth of July oration burned the Constitution, thus showing
his contempt of it, and Phillips had said : "Let us tear it in
pieces and make a better one."
John Brown, a half-mad fanatic, raised an insurrection
against slavery and the government and attacked Harper's
Ferry, sending arms to slaves that were expected to join him.
The abolitionists openly declared their approval of John
Brown's course and passed strong resolutions of indorsement,
tolling bells in his honor and speaking of him as "the mar-
tyr." Horace Greeley said: "History will accord an honorable
niche to old John Brown." Ami Emerson said : "John
Brown's body is as glorious as the cross."
The people of the South were given to understand that if
they continued to exercise their constitutional rights and hold
slaves thereafter they might expect arson, rapine, and mur-
der with the full approval of the abolitionists.
Henry Ward Beecher, the great Northern preacher, de-
clared from his pulpit that "Sharp's rifles were better than
Bibles," and that it was "a crime to shoot at a slaveholder
and not hit him."
Joshua Giddings, a great leader in Ohio, said: "I look for-
ward to the day when the black man shall wage a war of ex-
termination against the whites, when the master shall see his
dwelling in flames and his hearth polluted ; and though I may
not mock at their calamity, yet I shall hail it as the dawn of
a political millennium."
The Helper book was issued as a campaign document in
which appeared such statements as these: "Slaveholders are
more criminal than murderers'' and "The negroes will be
delighted to cut their masters' throats."
Senator Wilson, of Massachusetts, said: "It is the duty of
the Northern people to incite the slaves to resistance."
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was a woeful misrepresentation of the
relationship existing between the master and the slave, writ-
ten for the sole purpose of firing the Northern heart.
When Mr. Seward and Mr. Sumner in the United States
Senate denounced the decision of the Supreme Court in the
fugitive slave law: when Mr. Lincoln was elected President
on a sectional platform which declared that the decisions of
the Supreme Court were not binding on the country ; when we
were denied the right to carry our slaves into the territories :
when personal liberty laws were passed throughout the North:
when runaway slaves, contrary to law, were not returned to
us. but were constantly stolen from us by the underground
railway: when slaves were incited to insurrection; when press
and pulpit and people North disregarded their obligations to
the government and trampled upon our rights; when our
Northern brothers were singing "John Brown's body lies
moldering in the grave"— then the great, sturdy, rugged man-
hood of the South asserted itself, and the bloody War between
the States was on.
SOUTH CAROI.I.X.l.
My motherland ! Thou wcrt the first to fling
Thy virgin flag of freedom to the breeze,
The first to front along the neighboring seas
The imperious foeman's power:
But long before that hour.
While yet in false and vain imagining,
Thy sister nations would not own their foe
And turned to jest thy warnings.
— Paul Hamilton llayne.
554
^opfederat^ l/eterap.
RECOLLECTIONS OF PERRYVILLE.
BY W. H. DAVIS, CUEKO, TEX.
I do not recall ever having seen a detailed account of the
battle of Perryville, Ky., or the personal reminiscences of
any individual of that, as I think, very unnecessary but des-
perately hard-fought fight. General Bragg had left Gen.
Leonidas Polk in command of sixteen thousand men on the
open, undulating plain just west of Perryville on October 7,
1863, with instructions that if General Buell did not move on
him by daylight the next morning to precipitate the battle
himself. General Bragg then went to Harrodsburg to meet
Gen. Kirby Smith, who was coming down from Richmond,
Ky., with his corps. That night General Polk called his bri-
gade commanders to his headquarters in council of war, and
they decided not to bring on the battle at the hour designated
by General Bragg, but to await the action of General Buell.
The two armies were drawn up in battle line confronting
each other like two chicken cocks, both ready to strike should
either one make a hostile demonstration, the lines being from
three hundred to three hundred and fifty yards apart.
On the afternoon of October 7 Capt. J. R. Lester, command-
ing Company B of the 4th Tennessee Battalion, under Maj. J.
R. Davis, with his company, to which I belonged, was sent
from our extreme right to find out General Buell's exact posi-
tion. We had not proceeded more than two hundred yards
over a considerable hill and had reached the foot of the west-
ern slope when we met a company of about our number, all
dressed in new Confederate uniforms, wearing sabers and'
regulation brass Yankee spurs. Our respective captains sa-
luted each other, while their horses' necks were lapped. The
captain with the new uniform asked our chief, "To what
command do you belong?" and he received the reply: "To
Wheeler's command, Wharton's Brigade." Our captain then
asked him, "To what command do you belong?" to which
an evasive reply was given. During this colloquy the men of
the respective companies advanced to the right and left of
their respective commanders, their horses' noses touching.
Their sabers and spurs gave the little game away, and as
quick as thought our captain yelled out: "Boys, they are d —
Yankees; turn loose your six-shooters!" No quicker was this
said than it was done. We emptied a volley into them, killing
and wounding more than half their number. As the sham
captain wheeled his horse to escape, Captain Lester shot him
in the back, but it did not knock him out of the saddle. The
whole troop quickly followed him, with us in hot pursuit. We
got eight or ten more before running into a hornets' nest on
the main line of Buell's left wing, where we received a bap-
tism of fire and beat a hasty retreat.
On the morning of the 8th the sun rose bright and clear
into a cloudless sky and shone over the hottest day I ever
experienced. The two armies occupied the same positions as
at nightfall the day previous. From where our brigade lay,
on the extreme right of the line, we could see both lines dis-
tinctly to the extreme left. About eleven o'clock General Polk
rode up to where General Wharton was standing in front and
center of our brigade, giving him the usual salute and asking
for a courier to take a dispatch to General Bragg at Harrods-
burg. The courier was off in a jiffy with General Polk's in-
junction : "Do not let any grass grow under your horse's
feet." General Bragg returned with the courier, who con-
•lucted him to General Polk, and he found him still talking to
General Wharton. After the usual salutation, General Bragg
said to Polk : "General, why are you not fighting as I in-
structed?" Polk replied: "I am occupying an offensive de-
fensive position, sir." "Strange position to occupy," and,
turning to Wharton, Bragg asked : "Where are your men,
General?" "Here we are, General, at your command." "Then
charge that line in front of you," and he started down the
line, putting the troops into the fight brigade after brigade
until the whole line was engaged. The line in our front con-
sisted of a battery of twelve-pounder howitzers and a brigade
of infantry lying down behind it. Our bugler sounded
"Mount !" and in quick succession "Charge !" At ther.i we
went full speed directly against that battery, double-shotted
with grape and canister. We had reached to within twenty
yards of the guns when the line of infantry arose and poured
a volley into us, shattering our line, killing a number of our
horses, and emptying numerous saddles. We retired quickly
to our original position, re-formed, and made a second assault,
again being repulsed.
We went back to our former position, and after re-forming
General Wharton rode to the front and center of the brigade,
pulled off his hat, and said: "Boys, never let it be said that
our flag went down in defeat." We are going to take that
battery this time and run roughshod over that line of infantry
and shatter it in pieces. Soldiers, do your duty." Our bugler
again sounded "Charge !" and grim determination was visible
on the face of every man in that command. Away we went
again to the final assault to do or die. The field was strewn
with dead and wounded men and horses; but we continued
an apparently fearless onslaught, killing the gunners of the
battery and Gen. J. S. Jackson between two of the pieces, and
drove headlong over the infantry troops, utterly shattering
their formation. As soon as we could check our horses we
wheeled about and again rode over them, leaving the ground
blue with their dead and wounded. The infantry troops beat
a retreat, leaving the battery in our possession. The battle-
raged fiercely from this time until 9 p.m. From our position
we could see both lines waving to and fro like the trail of a
snake. The fighting was incessant until 8 p.m., when the battle
became more furious, and the troops of both armies seemed to
concentrate to cover the spring. General Cheatham said to
General Polk : "Let me sidestep my command to the left, and
I will have that spring in twenty minutes." "Do as you sug-
gest," said General Polk. We again touched elbows with Gen-
eral Cheatham and went to the first assault with his com-
mand. By 9 p.m. we had the spring and had driven General
Buell nearly two miles, when our lines were halted on account
of sheer exhaustion. After resting a few minutes, we retired
to the spring, it being the only water on the whole field. It
was down in a cave, to which only one man was accessible;
hence we established a line of men from the surface of the
ground to the water, passing down canteens, which were filled
and returned in like manner. It was a slow process, but we
were all finally watered.
About midnight our infantry abandoned the field and headed
for Harrodsburg, leaving General Wheeler's command on the
field to cover their retreat. A portion of General Morgan's
command occupied the extreme left, commanded by Gen.
Basil Duke, I believe. No man ever experienced such a night
of torture as we did listening to our wounded comrades, pros-
trate on the hot earth, crying for water. The litter corps
worked without cessation throughout the night conveying the
wounded off the field.
We lay on the battle field nearly the whole of the 9th. and
about nightfall we headed for Harrodsburg. General Wheeler
did not allow the infantry army to be molested, and it was
never in battle line again until it reached Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Qopfederat^ 1/eterai).
555
Why General Bragg thought it necessary to fight that bat-
tle has remained a mystery to me. If it was to retard the
movement of General Buell, General Wheeler could have ac-
complished that and avoided leaving 4,800 of our men on that
bloody field. General Buell had 57,000 men, and we beat him
with 16,000. With the aid of Gen. Kirby Smith, we could
have driven him across the Ohio River.
LIGHTENING THE GLOOM OF PRISON LIFE.
BY CAPT. S. E. KIEROFF, ALAMO, TENN.
Reports from the war front in Europe give an immense
toll of prisoners captured at almost every engagement. I have
wondered how these motley crowds of men of every known
tongue mix together behind prison bars without strife among
themselves.
All this reminds me of a few years in one of Uncle Sam's
special "hotels" built for a specific purpose on a little island
out in Lake Erie, where he gathered together all of his re-
calcitrant citizens that he could catch and stuffed them in
those wooden boxes built out on that bleak little island which
once belonged to a Mr. Johnson. There were just sixteen
acres from coast to coast, three miles east of Sandusky. He
built thirteen of those boxes, sixteen feet high, twenty-three
feet wide, and one hundred and twenty feet long, facing each
other on an avenue of grass and weeds ; then he put partitions
all through each box and two floors, one above the other, and
the upper he called the second floor; then he put three parti-
tions on the upper floor and called them upstairs rooms; on
the lower floor he put three partitions, making four rooms,
and each of these rooms had to hold about fifty men. Then
he put up in each room about twenty-five bunks. They were
three-story bunks. A square post ran from the rafters above
to the first floor, with cleats just two feet long from these
posts to an upright scantling on the side of the house, then
two twelve-inch planks just eight feet long nailed to these
cleats, with a rough plank at each end so that the fellow on
the other bunk couldn't kick you on the head. Did we have
downy feathers to sleep on? Well, to some extent, barring
the feathers, for the planks were pine and had considerable
down on them; they had never been planed, but were just as
they came from the sawmill.
The first night I got there one of the prisoners asked me to
bunk just over him on the middle tier. I took it; and as it
was reasonably warm weather, I slept quite well. I took my
shoes off, wrapped my army blanket around me, put my coat
under my head, turned over with my face to the wall, looked
through the cracks between the upright planks, and watched
the shimmer of the moon on the silver crest of the lake. It
was a beautiful scene to one who was at ease, but I only
gazed in deep thought of loved ones hundreds of miles South —
the mother with her little prattling babe in her arms at home
in deep solicitude concerning her companion, she knew not
where. It was a beautiful night, a beautiful scene to the eyes;
but there was a dull, aching heart seemingly in solitude, save
now and then for the sound of the sentinel's cry, "Half past
nine o'clock! All's well! Lights out!" as he walked to
the parapet on the outer wall, twelve feet above its base.
Soon slumber slipped her magic veil over our eyes and moved
us over to sweet dreamland, there to mingle among her en-
chanted scenes of merry phantasies and faces; but the night
quickly passed, and morning broke with its sunshine and hope.
The bunk was hard, but two years of an active army life had
accustomed me to hardships greater than this night; for here
««■ had a roof, but there we had nothing but the canopy above
us, whether clouds or stars. We learned to sleep there; we
slept here.
We had six acres in an oblong square in which to exercise
or amuse ourselves. Among this great crowd were many who
took matters as they came philosophically and turned dun-
geons into lighthouses. We couldn't mope long; something
was spoken that would set the crowd to laughter and merri-
ment. Night after night we sat up with as merry a crowd as
could be found anywhere, with jests and jokes, until the senti-
nel cried the hour of half past nine, "Lights out," and then
if you didn't put out the candle some of the crowd would do
it for you.
In the winter nights wc had a large wood stove in the mid-
dle of the room, with four benches on each side and end of the
stove long enough to seat about twenty men around the stove
at one time. We had men there from all over the South, with
a full crowd every night around that stove, while a larger
crowd were in their bunks trying to sleep. But scarcely a
night passed that the crowd around the stove, who called
themselves "Too Hoos," ever let those in their bunks sleep.
Though the lights were out, a little firelight creeping out of
some crevice in the stove or door would make it possible for
one to discern their bodies. Col. Jack Brown, from Georgia,
one night arose and notified the ancient order of "Too Hoos"
that by inalienable rights since ancient days by lineage he
would hereafter occupy the office of "Grand Boo Hoo" of the
ancient and honorable order of "Too Hoos," and therefore
his edicts would henceforth be stronger than those of the
Czar of Russia ; that when he commanded, it must be done
or death ; that when he spoke, it was the law. Then all of
them gathered around him in a noisy hubhub, but not loud
enough to be heard by the sentinel outside, and commended
him for his high and honorable and ancient office. Capt. J.
A. Peeler, of Florida, a lawyer by profession and a speaker of
some genius and notoriety, arose and said : "Grand Boo Hoo,
I desire to notify all of the members of this great and ancient
society that a lady friend has informed me that she is sending
me a large, fine, and luscious cake, which will be here in a
few days,, and I hereby notify all the members of this hon-
orable and ancient order that they alone are invited to be
present and partake of it; but the flotsam and ictsam of
this room who occupy the bunks shall not eat." The night
came, and the anxious crowd were seated around the stove.
The cake was brought out from a secret box under his bunk.
It was dark. I heard him say: "Whose hand is that I feci
on my cake? I felt somebody's hand, and one piece of the
cake is gone." Then he passed the plateful of pieces to those
around the stove, with a little speech to each, and set the
plate on a little table behind him, with the remaining pieces of
cake in it. In a few seconds he felt for another piece for
himself, but the plate was empty, and a dozen hands were
feeling in the dark for a piece, but all was gone. So Peeler
did not get the second piece of his own cake. It was after
twelve before we could sleep for the merriment of the eve-
ning.
"There are silver linings to every cloud ;" and though prison
bars may lock a crowd of young soldiers from the ranks of
an army, there are many things to inject rays of sunshine into
the gloom of prison life; and thus we may, to some extent,
understand the conditions that surround the thousands who
are prisoners of to-day in the Eastern war zone, pining over
the gloomy forebodings of failure or for those left far behind
at home, waiting patiently for tidings of the absent soldier
husband, brother, or lover.
556
Qoi)federat^ l/eterag.
DISINTEGRATION OF LEE'S ARMY.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
In the fall of 1864 General Lee wrote President Davis as
follows: "I have the honor to call your attention, to the alarm-
ing frequency of desertions from this army, as many as fifty-
six from one corps alone in three days, and I believe that
the main cause of desertion is on account of lack of food.-"
General Grant wrote later to Stanton : "Deserters from the
enemy are on the increase. Ninety-one arrived in the last
twenty-four hours, and their testimony is that more go home
than come within our lines. Twenty-seven came with their
arms from one company alone, and they say an entire com-
pany will come over to-night."
The "Official Records" give a list of very nearly all of these
deserters, their regiments, and in a great many cases their
names. All of the Southern States that had soldiers in Lee's
army were represented, and they were not all enlisted men, by
any means. The drifting away began in August, when one
hundred and fifty were reported to have gone over to the
enemy, one hundred and eighty in September, one hundred
and seventy-one in October, three hundred in November, and
four hundred in December. The real flitting began, however,
after the holidays, and they went so strongly and regularly
that I shall not attempt to give the number, but will mention
only the rush days when more than forty were reported. They
went as follows : Forty-five, fifty-four, fifty-seven, seventy-
four, seventy-six, seventy-nine, ninety-one, one hundred and
fourteen, and finally the greatest number reported in twenty-
four hours was one hundred and seventy-two. General Grant
says the deserters claimed that more went home than came
over, so it is easy to understand how the Army of Northern
Virginia disintegrated.
The bulk of these people claimed that they were of Northern
birth or proclivity and had been conscripted and forced into
the Confederate army, but others acknowledged that they could
not stand the pressure of starvation and exposure ; hence their
abandoning the "sinking ship." While a great many refused
to take up arms against their late comrades, to their lasting
shame at least one thousand of these renegades were formed
into a regiment called the 1st United States Volunteers.
Realizing that if they were caught by the Confederates they
would be exterminated, Grant had them sent to the Northwest
Department to fight Indians under John Pope, who had been
sent to Minnesota to cool off after the Second Manassas cam-
paign.
This general writes of these "gallant" men as follows :
"While there are some good men amongst the Rebel deserters,
there are many desperate characters who do not hesitate at
the commission of any crime or outrage and desert whenever
they have a chance. I have now between two hundred and
three hundred here, and it requires about an equal number of
good men to guard and keep them in order. Many are out-
spoken traitors who do not attempt to conceal their senti-
ments."
I will add that nothing else could have been expected from
this gang.
This article is not written as a reproach to the weak-hearted
who couldn't stand the pressure, as there is no doubt what-
ever that the great majority have bitterly repented since that
time, but merely to call attention to the conditions under
which General Lee was laboring and to the heroism of those
immortals who, like the famous three hundred, of whom
Tennyson wrote,
"Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die,"
chose to stay to the bitter end and take "pot luck" with
"Marse Robert."
A NEAR TRAGEDY.
BY R. T. BEAN, WICHITA, KANS.
I think it was early in November, 1862, that a company of
Morgan's Regiment, having been cut off from the main com-
mand down in Central Kentucky, was making its way to Vir-
ginia through the eastern part of the State. After leaving
Mt. Sterling, the way led through what is known as the moun-
tains, and the rugged country and rocky roads were revela-
tions to us who had always lived in the blue-grass section,
with its growth of timber unequaled in any other State.
It was in Letcher County that the incident occurred which
I am about to relate. This county borders on the Virginia
line, and the mountains were higher and more precipitous than
we had yet seen, the valleys so narrow that they hardly deserved
the name, and the roads so steep and rocky that it seemed a
mockery to call them such. Rocky cliffs, hundreds of feet in
height, often jutted out on or over the roadways we were
traveling, and at one particular spot one cliff, for height and
roughness, seemed to be king of all. As we drew opposite
this I remarked to my companion, Butler Bourne, who was
riding on my left, that the cliff was a splendid place for a
bushwhacker to get in his work. I had hardly uttered the
words when "Bang !" went a gun, and I was sure Mr. Bush-
whacker was on hand and ready for business. In our im-
mediate rear were Billy Patton and a soldier by the name of
Bachman, the latter mounted on a buckskin-colored horse. At
the crack of the gun Bourne and I at once pulled o.ur horses
to the right, facing the cliff, I with my pistol ready for action
and Bourne with his gun in hand ready for any dangers that
might arise. Bachman was the only really active man in the
party and stood not upon the order of his going, but simply
"went." It is not necessary for me to state that the buckskin
made the time of his life, and at every jump his rider was
yelling at the top of his voice : "Some tarn bushwhacker
shooted me ! Some tarn bushwhacker shooted me !" With
both arms and legs at work, full express speed was made.
Bachman was the only man who broke ranks, and while
that streak of yellow was heading for the Pound Gap and Vir-
ginia some one called out : "Where did he shoot you, Bach-
man?" Without looking either to the right or left, he called
back, "If he didn't shooted me, he shooted my horse"; and
without waiting for an examination of wounds to himself or
horse, he continued to whoop it up eastward at his two-forty
gait Had moving-picture shows been as numerous then as
now, a film caught of that scene would have been a fortune.
While sitting on my horse watching for developments I hap-
pened to glance at Patton's gun and thought I detected some
smoke. At once I called his attention to it, and sure enough
it was his gun that had caused all that excitement, not to men-
tion the horse race. Patton's gun was hung around his neck,
and in crossing a small drain in the road his horse had jumped
it rather than step across. In jumping the gun "jumped also,"
and the hammer caught in his coat pocket as it came down,
exploded the cap, and fired the load under Bachman's horse.
When the facts became known, it was quite a relief to all of
us save one. The glory of a hero was not his; in fact, it was
to the contrary. Of the four who were the active men in that
"tragedy," three have crossed over the divide that separates
time from eternity. I alone remain.
Qopfederat^ tfeterap.
557
WITH JACKSON AT SECOND MANASSAS.
BY THEO. HARTMAN, LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
What is here set down occurred on the last day of the sec-
ond battle of Manassas. With other comrades of my company
(A, 14th Tennessee Infantry), I was on picket duty covering
the front of our regiment. We were stationed in the edge of
some woods just across a railroad embankment, upon which
no ties or rails had ever been placed. Our position was on
the extreme left of our army, and we were engaged in sharp-
shooting with the enemy's pickets, some fifty or sixty yards
away in the same body of timber.
My post was at the left of our line, and I had fortified it
by placing a large tree immediately in front of me to protect
my center, so that I might the better protect my right and left
flanks. It was about 3 p.m. when 1 heard a horse approaching
from my right along the graded roadbed. Upon looking
around I saw General Jackson on his old claybank, unattended
by an aid or courier. As he neared me and was about to
pass on I halted him, saluted, and said: "General, this is our
extreme left; the enemy is right out there." He returned my
salute and asked : "To what command do you belong, and
where is your colonel?" 1 told him; he again saluted and
rode off in the direction I pointed.
On resuming my watch my next tree comrade (Cornelius
Mehigan, now living in Clarksville, Term.) said to me: "Some
d — bluecoat has found my position and shot at me several
times, but I can't locate him." "I will help you find him."
I lay down so as to get a better view under the branches, say-
ing: "Mehigan, stick your head out and draw his fire, and I
will watch for your enemy." "No, I'll be d — if I do," he
replied. I then told him to put his cap on the end of his gun
and let it show at the side of the tree; "and if he 'bites' at it,
I may be able to locate him." He did so, and the fellow "bit"
all right. He was behind a tree just large enough to cover
him when he stood erect, but in stooping over to shoot he ex-
posed a portion of his body most serviceable in a sitting posi-
tion. As he deliberately rested his gun against the tree and
proceeded to draw a bead on Mehigan's cap, I trained my rifle
on the exposed portion of his anatomy aforesaid and sent a
bullet through it. He dropped his gun and made a record
jump, both for height and distance, and lit running. Com-
rade Mehigan shouted: "Begorrah, you gave him a sixty-da}
furlough ! He will have to eat off the mantel for a while."
Let us see what my talk with our beloved general had to do
with what soon followed. An hour or so after he rode off
to find our colonel (Forbes) we heard the report of a single
cannon, seemingly two miles away. In a short time our brigade
came up in line of battle and pushed forward into the woods.
We soon came into an open field and about one hundred yards
from another body of woods on our left, marking the field
limits on that side. In front of us on the summit of a gentle
slope, a quarter of a mile away, was a light field battery,
which promptly saluted us with grape and canister. We
started for that battery on a run, and when about halfway
to it there arose in the edge of the wood to our left a full
regiment of bluccoats, and they started to take us in on the
flank. We were in a very critical position surely — a battery in
front and a fresh full regiment on our flank. We were "am-
bushed," as one of the boys expressed it. There was great
confusion in our ranks on the left, and before we got orders
to run the bluecoats performed one of the most brilliant and
inspiring feats I ever witnessed on the field of battle. Sud-
denly they formed "fours left," as if on parade, and started
out on the run. That was our second surprise, and we didn't
try to stop them ; but we did stop that battery.
But what made the boys in blue run? Why, it was the re-
sult of my talk with General Jackson, as I will show you.
After our brigade passed into the woods, Thomas's Brigade
was moved to our left and was slightly behind us in the align-
ment ; and when the Yanks started for us his men struck them
in the flank, and they immediately showed their rear, discre-
tion, and sprinting ability. This extension of our left was
ordered by General Jackson after he learned from me just
where his left ended. He doubtless knew the lay of the land
in our front better than any one else. This desire to see per-
sonally after his troops when being placed in line of battle
finally cost him his life. I am tempted to follow this charge
to its conclusion, as it was thrilling and dramatic.
After the capture of the battery, our lines re-formed, and
we proceeded cautiously, meeting no opposition until dark.
We were in battle front in the open field, going up a sharp
incline, when we saw a dark line come between us and the
horizon just over the crown of the ridge. We halted, and
the word was quietly passed along to kneel and be ready to
fire. The dark line was allowed to come to the top of the
ridge, within easy gunshot, before they were challenged :
"Halt! What command is that?"
"Who are you that ask? Show your colors."
"Our colors are up. Show yours."
"Here they are."
While this parley was going on between the officers of the
two forces General Thomas, on our left, rode close enough
to satisfy himself that they were Federal troops and shouted:
"Men, they are enemies!" There was no time to say "Fire!"
Two thousand rifles spit fire and sent as many bullets at the
dark line on the ridge. Somebody shouted "Charge!" and up
we went as fast as we could. The smoke going in our direc-
tion about as fast as we moved made it quite gloomy, almost
dark. We had not proceeded far when some of our mounted
officers almost rode us down in their effort to stop us. When
order was restored, we found ourselves close to a large two-
story frame house, lighted up, the enemy's field hospital, sur-
rounded by large trees and filled with wounded soldiers. Our
two brigades had lost touch with the others on our right, and
our commanders formed us in a hollow square and ordered
us to sleep on our arms. We were not easily wooed to dream-
land by the groans of the poor fellows in the big house near
by. Perhaps I had my "forty winks." In the early morn I
iwakened by a gentle rain. As soon as it was light 1
walked out to see how many Yanks we had killed when we
lired without orders. I found the place where they had stood
il by a thousand new Belgian rifles loaded, but not a
single dead or wounded soldier. Well, a bullet is a small
thing, after all, and I am now glad we did not kill any of
those raw Dutchmen. Quite a number came out of the numer-
ous little thickets after it was broad daylight, jabbering any
and everything but English, and surrendered.
Our interpreter said they told him they had been in this
country but a few months and were substitutes — that is, hired
by loyal patriots (?) who did not believe in lighting for their
country.
By illustrating the horrors of war as conducted at times by
Pope, Sheridan, Sherman, and Hunter, the "renegade Vir-
ginian," we can better understand why the war cannot be
ten by those who suffered under it. — Matthew Page
Andrews.
558
Qoijfederat^ l/eterap.
THE IMPRISONMENT OF SIDNEY LANIER.
JAMES A. CALLAWAY, IN MACON TELEGRAPH.
Lanier is so interwoven with thoughts of music and poetry
that one ceases to remember he was a Confederate soldier,
suffering the hardships of war and, more than that, the hor-
rors and sufferings of prison life at Point Lookout, Maryland.
Just graduating from Oglethorpe University, near Milledge-
ville, he heard the tocsin of war calling him to the front and
joined the Macon Volunteers, which became a part of the 2d
Georgia Battalion, serving first at Norfolk. Lanier was a
gifted flutist, and in those early picnic days, "gay days of
mandolin and guitar and moonlight sallies on the James,"
Lanier with his flute was the joy of the occasions.
After participating in the Seven Days' Battles around Rich-
mond and Malvern Hill, Lanier and his brother Clifford and
two friends were transferred to the signal corps and attached
to Major General French's command. The service as scouts
along the James was dangerous and onerous ; it was hard rid-
ing and required courage. The Virginia folk, when possible,
had him as guest and were delighted with his flute songs.
Lanier then sang on the flute as he did in after years with
the quill.
In December, 1864, Lanier was assigned as signal officer to
the blockade runner Anna. But his vessel was captured by
the United States steamer Santiago de Cuba, and Lanier was
carried to that dismal prison, Point Lookout, a damp and un-
healthy spot. Damp prisons had a fascination for Federal
commanders. Camp Morton was damp, and so was Johnson's
Island. The guards at Point Lookout were negro soldiers;
the tents old bell style ; in each tent sixteen to twenty men.
The floors were the damp ground, no planks or straw, no
dry place to sleep on, no wood allowed for fire. The winds
from Chesapeake Bay had full play. Such were the prison
quarters of this man, so delicately framed. Here on that
damp ground was laid the foundation of that malady which
brought him to an early grave. He had concealed his flute
in his coat sleeve, and it was his solace in prison and a joy to
his fellow comrades.
Lanier suffered for rations, especially under the order for
retaliatory measures. Dr. John A. Wyeth in his book, "With
Saber and Scalpel," gives an account of the suffering of Con-
federate prisoners under the "retaliatory orders." Those "re-
taliatory orders" have a strange history. The Confederate
government, having no medicines for the sick, offered as a
free gift fifteen thousand of the emaciated Federal soldiers
in Andersonville Prison as an act of charity, to save life, not
to destroy it. Federal ships in November, 1864, came to Fort
Pulaski and took away the fifteen thousand Federal prisoners,
bringing, however, not a single old "Reb" to his home.
These fifteen thousand prisoners on arrival in the North
were placed in groups and photographed. These pictures were
in every paper and magazine and were exhibited from pulpits.
The people were so aroused that they demanded "retaliatory"
measures, and the War Department issued orders severe in-
deed. The rations, already limited, were cut to starving pro-
portions. Ours was the most fatal gift recorded in history.
Lanier secured his release from that awful prison pen
through some gold which a friend concealed in his mouth.
He left prison emaciated to a skeleton. On his voyage to
Fortress Monroe an incident occurred which was a fit climax
to his terrible prison life and career as a soldier.
A Southern lady, an old friend, and her little daughter
were on the same vessel which bore Lanier. By mere chance
they learned that Lanier was down in the hold of the boat
dying. Permission was given to minister to his necessities.
The lady had some brandy and quinine. She said: "I hastily
took the flask of brandy and hastened down below, where we
were led to the rude stalls provided for cattle, but now
crowded with poor human beings. There in that horrible
place dear Sidney Lanier lay wrapped in an old cotton quilt,
his thin hands tightly clenched, his face drawn and pinched,
his eyes fixed and staring, his poor body shivering as if in a
spasm of pain. My little daughter, Lilla, fell at his side, kiss-
ing him and calling: 'Brother Sid, don't you know me? Don't
you know your little sister?' But no recognition came, no
response. I poured some brandy into a spoon and gave it to
him. It gurgled down his throat — no effort to swallow. I
repeated the stimulant several times before any sign of resusci-
tation. At last he turned his eyes slowly about until he saw
Lilla, and he murmured: 'Am I dead? Is this Lilla? Is this
heaven?' The colonel permitted us to take him to our cabin.
I can see his fellow prisoners now as they crouched and as-
sisted to pass him over their heads, for they were so packed
that they could not make room to carry him through. Along
over their heads they passed the poor, emaciated body, so
shrunken with prison life and benumbed with cold. We got
him into clean blankets, but he was so nearly frozen that he
could not endure the pain from the fire. We gave him more
brandy and hot soup, and he lay quiet until after midnight.
Then he aroused and asked for his flute and began playing
As he played the first few notes you should have heard the
yell of joy that came up from his shivering and wretched
comrades down below. The flute notes told the story that
their comrade was alive and could touch his flute into song.
O that tender, soft music! Can we ever forget it? The
colonel and I and Lilla sat there weeping. The soft, gentle
music overcame us ; and as he strengthened, the strains of
music, responding to his warmth and hopes, came like liquid
melody from his magic flute."
"Music is love in search of a word," is what Lanier Used
to say. On this occasion it was love translated into music,
so happy over his good fortune to find Lilla and her mother,
who rescued him as by a miracle.
He reached home from prison, arriving in Macon on March
IS, 1865. Then, like all returning soldiers, he began that bat-
tle, seeking something to do. Of his trials and vexations, each
day his malady making deeper inroads on his vital powers,
there is no use now to speak. Of these the world knows.
But his prison life has been forgotten.
O those hard "retaliatory measures" ordered by popular
demand, under misapprehension, how many fell victims to
those measures ! What a fatal gift was our fifteen thousand
emaciates ! We did it to save life. Fifteen thousand Confed-
erates fell victims to this fatal gift. We did it to save life;
the retaliatory orders were issued to destroy life. How provi-
dential that on the same vessel with Lanier were Lilla and
her mother and that flask of brandy!
"So he, Heaven-taught in his large-heartedness,
Smiled with his spirit eyes athwart the veil
That human loves too oft keep closely drawn.
So hearts leaped up to breathe his freer atmosphere,
And eyes smiled truer for his radiance clear,
And souls grew loftier when his teachings fell,
And all gave love.
Aye, the patience and the smile
Which glossed his pain; the courtesy;
The sweet, quaint thoughts which gave his poems birth !"
Qoi)federat<£ l/eterai).
559
OUR GALLANT DEAD— C APT. WILLIAM HAYMOND
TAYLOR.
BY C. C. HART, HAZELWOOD, W. VA.
On Shaver's Fork of Cheat River, near what is now known
as the "Burned House," on the 19th of February, 1837, Wil-
liam Haymond Taylor was born. Here in the shadow of the
towering Alleghanies, amid the interminable forests or beside
the limpid waters, he lived, played, wandered, and toiled
through childhood, youth, and early manhood. Here he first
knew the exquisite pleasure of a happy home; here he first
tasted sorrow in the death of a beloved mother. As a child
he was kind and obedient; as a youth affectionate, thought-
ful, and studious; as a man earnest, courteous, and moral,
stern in duty. And so, living and growing from the helpless
infant to the strong man, he grew and expanded in the hearts
of kindred and friends until he had entwined about him the
affections of father, brothers, sisters, and companions, as the
ivy entwines its clinging tendrils around the sturdy oak, thus
rendering himself one of the most popular young men of his
community.
He was thus living in his quiet, happy rural home, an honest
tiller of the soil, surrounded by his loved ones, when the
tocsin of war, reverberating through and over his native
mountains, startled him from his dream of happiness and
called him to the stern realization of the fearful ordeal through
which his beloved country was to pass. Naturally calm and
dispassionate, he studied the situation long and earnestly
and finally determined to link his destiny with that of the
South. He had been educated to look upon the Southern
people as his people and felt it to be his duty with them to
stand or fall. His determination was no sooner taken than
he threw all his energy into the cause he espoused with all
the gallantry of his nature to fight the battles of his country.
He at once organized a cavalry company, composed mostly of
young men from Randolph and Tucker Counties, which, early
in 1862, was mustered into service as Company A, 18th Vir-
ginia Cavalry. Although his company was to him as his
family and each member his personal friend, yet he seemed
born to command and soon raised it to a standard of excel-
lence that was recognized and appreciated by his entire brigade.
Captain Taylor was essentially a brave man and entered
the Southern army actuated by motives of pure patriotism
coupled with a sense of duty, and upon a score of desperately
contested battle fields he led his noble company to glorious
victory or honorable defeat. Upon such fields as New Market.
New Hope, Charleston, Witliamsport, Winchester, and many
others, in personal daring and warlike achievements he gave
lasting reasons for the faith that was in him. At Winchester
on the 19th of September, 1864, he sealed with his lifeblood
his devotion to his country's cause, yielded his young life as
a sacrifice upon the shrine of his country's altar and to the
truth of the honesty of his own convictions, and passed away
expressing a firm reliance upon Him who doeth all things
well, the God in whom he had trusted from his early youth.
Thus he lived and thus he died, leaving behind him sorrowing
loved ones whose consolation it was to think that among all
those who perished amid the crash of that war there fell no
braver, truer, nobler brother and son than he.
Col. Alexander Monroe has paid fitting tribute to Captain
Taylor in the following: "I was intimately associated for three
years with the boys of Randolph and Tucker and can frankly
say that I never met with a braver or more generous people.
They possessed all the estimable and essential qualities of the
good soldier. They were brave, honest, and kind; they com-
posed Companj A of my regiment and were commanded by
Capt. William Haymond Taylor, and a braver company never
drew saber. It is fair to presume that the character of the
men was to some extent shaped by the example of their cap-
tain, who surely possessed all the nobler qualities of the heart
which adorn the soldier, the friend, and universal favorite of
the brigade. Whenever a desperate charge was to be made
requiring unflinching bravery and discretion, Company A was
always selected. And now, after almost half a century, it
seems to me, when memory turns back to those scenes, that I
can see Captain Taylor's knightly form as he reins up his
charger and hear his command, 'Forward, Company A!' or see
him dash to the front, with his black plume waving in the
breeze, and again hear him command, 'Company A, charge !'
Then as they dashed upon the enemy a yell peculiarly their
own burst forth, and their charge was well-nigh irresistible.
But, alasl we see that manly form no more. On the 19th of
September, 1864, just before Winchester, in the beautiful Val-
ley of Virginia, in the midst of a terrific battle, confronted by
ten times our number, while gallantly leading his brave boys,
the leaden missile of death struck him. I marked the track
of the messenger of death, saw him reel, and vainly attempted
to catch him as he fell. In a moment his brave boys had
dismounted and were beside him, determined to rescue or die
with him. It was. however, impossible to remove him, and,
at his request and my command, they left him where he fell
on his last battle field, but enshrined in the soldier's wreath
of glory. I was afterwards informed that he was kindly
treated by the enemy and carried to a private house near by
and thence to Winchester, where he died shortly afterwards.
I have felt it to be my duty to contribute my humble mite to
the memory of a gallant officer and his brave boys ; and al-
though the bouquet I offer is fringed with the cypress and*
willow, I hope you can see above them all the little forget-
me-nots."
Peacefully he sleeps in the cemetery at Winchester await-
ing the last roll call. Strangers deck his grave with flowers,
while absent loved ones in unison join in a requiem of love
for the brother who has gone before and hopefully await the
reunion when they too shall have crossed over the river and!
ire resting under the shade of the trees that beautifully grow
"ti the other shore.
.1 /' R.IYER.
[Written at Memphis July 26, 1864, by a mother for her
son, aged fifteen!
God bless my darling, venturous hoy
Where'er his feet may stray ;
God bless the sacred, righteous cause
For which he went away;
God bless the little arm round which
My wristlet went not tight,
Strengthen it, Lord, till it become
A David's in the fight.
So young, so bright, so fair, so brave,
To thee our God above
I leave the charge to shield and save
The idol of my love.
One more to battle for the right
Of freemen to be free,
That hero's heart and childlike form
I dedicate to thee.
560
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
ii!WWJWiw««wiwiwiwi«twiwiwsKiwMKi«w.i«i»
"You think of the dead on Christmas Eve,
Wherever the dead are sleeping;
And we, from a land where we may not grieve,
Look tenderly down on your weeping.
You think us far; we are very near,
From you and the earth though parted.
We sing to-night to console and cheer
The hearts of the broken-hearted.
The earth watches over the lifeless clay
Of each of its countless sleepers,
And the sleepless spirits that passed away
Watch over all earth's weepers."
Prof. E. H. Randle.
E. H. Randle, A.M., LL.D., educator, scientific writer, and
Christian gentleman, a typical representative of the Old South,
died at his home, in Hernando, Miss., on September 27, 1916.
He was born in Tennessee in 1830 ; hence he had reached the
ripe age of eighty-six years. His active life was devoted to
school work, except while serving his Southland under that
great cavalry leader, Bedford Forrest. Nearly fifty years of his
life were devoted to school work in such places as McKenzie
and Ripley, Tenn., Paducah, Ky., and Byhalia and Hernando,
Miss. He was not only a successful educator, but an author
well known in the scientific world. The books published by
him are : "Plurality of the Human Race," "Characteristics of
the Southern Negro," and "Antagonism of Forces in Nature."
He was a contributor to the Memphis Commercial-Appeal,
also to religious, medical, and legal magazines, and was a
member of the American Society for Scientific Research.
Professor Randle was a member of the Methodist Churcli
and was always ready to advance the cause of Christ, and by
his daily walk and conversation he was a benediction to those
with whom he came in contact. His students had forceful
evidence of his goodness of heart and his constant effort to
lead them in the right paths. He leaves a wife, daughter, and
three sons, the latter being residents of Paducah, Ky., Yazoo
City, Miss., and Chattanooga, Tenn.
Capt. John Harris.
Another grand old soldier has stacked arms, answered his
last roll call, and passed over the big divide between now and
then. Capt. John Harris was born May 5, 1841, and died at
his plantation, near Larkinsville, Ala., August 23, 1916, aged
seventy-five years. He enlisted in the Confederate army when
the first gun was fired and was always on the firing line to
the close of the war. He never seemed to be so much at him-
self as when in the thickest and hardest fighting — always in
front, but was never wounded during the whole war.
Captain Harris married soon after the war and became one
of the best and most useful citizens in his county. He reared
a large family ; and some of them, with the mother, still live
at the old home. He came of two grand old Southern fam-
ilies, such as his descendants can feel proud of and the kind
that is almost extinct. Peace to his ashes! F. B. Gurley.
J. S. McMath.
J. S. McMath died suddenly at his home, in Denton, Tex.,
May 4, 1916. He often said he hoped that when God called
him home he would be feeling unusually well and he would
go without a moment's warning, which he did.
Comrade McMath was born near Duck Hill, Carroll County,
Miss., August 8, 1841. He joined Stamford's Battery in 1862,
was promoted chief of caisson, and on the battle field at
Resaca, Ga., he was promoted to gunner. He participated in
many battles : Shiloh, Perryville, Ky., Murfreesboro, Chicka-
mauga, Missionary Ridge, and was in Johnston's campaign
through Georgia. In one battle he was the last man to leave
his gun, and he was then covered with the blood of the many
comrades who had been shot down near him. Few would
have remained there so long. He was a consecrated member
of the Baptist Church and was always in attendance when
health permitted. He was married in 1867 to Miss Lizzie
Scruggs. To them were given twelve children, nine of whom
are living. He was twice married. Those who knew Brother
McMath best loved him most. He moved to Denton County
in 1873 and had lived there ever since, and he died an honored
member of Sul Ross Camp, U. C V., of that place. In ac-
cordance with his wish, he was buried in his Confederate
gray. He loved the Veteran and always read it.
Capt. J. Payne Johnston.
Capt. J. Payne Johnston, foremost citizen of Amory, Miss.,
passed into rest eternal at his home there on July 17, 1916.
He was born in Troup County, Ga., September 13, 1841, and
in June, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company D, 35th
Georgia Regiment. For his gallantry in the Seven Days'
Battles around Richmond he was made sergeant major in 1862.
After the fight at Petersburg, in 1864, he was made captain
and was in command of his company when mustered out at
Appomattox. In 1867
Captain Johnston located
near Pontotoc, Miss., and
engaged in farming and
teaching. He was elected
tax assessor of Pontotoc
County in 1875 and
served two terms; he
also served two terms as
sheriff, beginning in 1879.
In 1886 he was engaged
to secure the right of
way for the K, C, M. &
B. Railroad, then in con-
templation, and was thus
connected for nine years,
serving as land and in-
dustrial agent for the
company. He assisted in
CAPT. J. P. JOHNSTON.
laying off the town of Amory and was a real power in the
foundation of the little city in which he lived, loved so well,
and worked for until his death. He was made its mayor in
1897, and for twelve years he served and did much to place
Amory among the best towns of Northeast Mississippi.
In 186S Captain Johnston was married to Miss Elmira L.
Simmons, who survives him with one daughter. At an early
age he united with the Methodist Church and was a faithful
member during his long and useful life. He was also a loyal
member of the Masonic fraternity. He met the full require-
ments of life and died lamented by all who knew him.
Qoi?federat^ l/eterai}.
561
BERRY.
lie then assisted in
Randall Duckworth Berry.
Comrade Randall D. Berry was born in Portland, Dallas
County, Ala., on the 27th of December, 1842. He enlisted in
Company A, 4th Alabama Infantry, at Selma in April, 1861.
The company was known as the Governor's Guard, com-
manded by Capt. Thomas J. Goldsby. In the first battle of
Manassas he was wounded in the right hand and discharged.
Reenlisting in the same company in January. 1862. he served all
through the Peninsular
campaign, taking part in
the battles of West
Point, Seven Pines.
Gaines's Mill, White
Oak Swamp, Chicka-
hominy, and Malvern
Hill. He was wounded
at Seven Pines and also
at Malvern Hill and was
again discharged on ac-
count of a severe wound
in the knee. Again he
enlisted in the same com-
pany during the Mary-
land campaign and took
part in the battle of
Sharpsburg. On the w ay
to Winchester he was again discharged
raising a company of infantry, which was afterwards Com-
pany D, 63d Alabama Infantry, and was clceted lieutenant.
His old wound became so inflamed that he was on crutches
until the close of the war and disabled through life. How-
ever, he took part in the battle of Selma. Ala., during Wilson's
raid, when the town was captured and burned in April, 1861.
After the war Comrade Berry was a member of the city
council of Selma, a member of the legislature, and Democratic
elector from the State of Alabama in 1897 ; and he practiced
law there for many years. He was at one time Commander
of Camp Jones, No. 317, U. C. V., and a constant attendant
on its meetings to within a short time of his death. He was a
man of fine intellect and a high order of culture and a genial
companion. He died at his home, in Selma, on June 30, 1916,
and was buried with the honors of the Camp in Live Oak
Cemetery.
[D. M. Scott, Active Assistant Adjutant General Alabama
Division, U. C. V.]
M. R. ROCHELLE.
M. R. Rochelle died at Hohcnwald, Tenn., October 6, 1915,
at the age of seventy-three years. He was born April 10,
1842, in North Carolina and went to Tennessee with his
parents, who settled in Lawrence County, where they re-
mained until the War between the States. Comrade Rochelle
then enlisted in the Confederate army, serving in Company C
(Davenport's company), 32d Tennessee Regiment, Col. Ed-
ward C. Cook, of John C. Brown's brigade. He was taken
prisoner at Fort Donclson and was seven months in Camp
Morton, at Indianapolis, Ind. He was then exchanged at
Vicksburg.
Comrade RnehelU- was a number of the Cumberland Pres-
byterian Church. He was buried with Masonic honors in the
cemetery at Hohenwald, Tenn. He lived as became a man
and died in full faith of the resurrection. His second wife
survives him, with one son, T. J. Rochelle, of Riverside,
Tenn., and a daughter. Mrs. M I. fhompson, of Hohenwald.
William C. Geiger.
William Churchman Geiger, son of Franklin T. and Octavia
R. Geiger, was born in Staunton, Va., November 30, 1844.
When he was six years old, his father died, leaving three sons
dependent upon their mother, who taught school for their
support. He also taught in the blind asylum at Staunton for
many years.
When the war came on, William Geiger, with his two broth-
ers, applied for enlistment in the Confederate army. He was
retained for the service of the State and had charge of the
government stores and arsenal at Staunton, which supplied
munitions for the armies operating in Northwest Virginia.
With others, he was organized into a company known as the
Staunton Artillery, or the Raid Guard, which was drilled for
service under Captain Balthis. Several times they were called
out to repel threatened raids ; and in December, 1863, they
encountered severe weather at Buffalo Gap, from which they
suffered intensely. His company was regularly commissioned
by President Davis. The only member now living is Newton
Argenbright, Clerk of the County Court at Staunton, Va.
William Geiger joined the Stonewall Camp of Confederate
ins at Staunton and was awarded the Southern cross
of honor. On August 24, 1871, he married Fanny Crosby
Churchman, who died several years ago. After the war he
continued his work at the blind asylum until his eyesight
failed. He then lived on his farm until his house burned, in
1904. Failing health preventing further work, he spent his lat-
ter years with his son, Dr. J. C. Geiger, at Huntington, W.
\ .1 . where he died February 15, 1916. He was a member of
the Presbyterian Church and afterwards of the Emmanuel
Protestant Episcopal Church. Though hindered by difficulties,
he faithfully aimed to perform his duties to his God, his fam-
ily, and his State, and was a good soldier of Jesus Christ.
Camp Garnett thus honors his memory.
[Rev. J. K. Hitner.]
David G. Tilly.
David Green Tilly was born in Stokes County, N. C, No-
vember 16, 1834, and departed this life on July 9, 1916. At
the age of eight years he went to Mountain City, Tenn. In
i860 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Barbara Duff. He
served in the 6th North Carolina Cavalry during the War
between the States. In September, 1865, he removed to Illi-
nois. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
South, and for several years served as Sunday school super-
intendent in Clay City, 111. He was also a member of the
Clay City Lodge, A. F. and A. M., and had obtained the honor
of Past Master. Having no children of his own, he took an
orphan boy and girl and reared them to manhood and woman-
hood. Comrade Tilly was of generous and sympathetic na-
ture and worthy to be classed with the upright. He is sur-
vived by his wife, three brothers, and one sister.
Daniel Oppenheimer.
Daniel Oppenhcimcr was born in Burgkunstadt, Bavaria,
November 22, 1836, and died in San Antonio, Tex., December
7, 1915, at the age of seventy-nine years. Comrade Oppen-
heimer enlisted as a private in Company I, 10th Texas Cav-
alry, at Rusk, Tex., in 1861 and was promoted to first lieu-
tenant of his company at Corinth in May, 1862. This com-
pany served the greater part of the war in the Tennessee
Army in Ector's Texas Brigade. Mr. Oppenhcimer was well
known throughout the brigade in which he served.
[Tribute by J. A. Templeton, Jacksonville, Tex.]
562
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
Rev. James Y. Old.
We, as members of the United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy, are again called upon to record the going of one of
those defenders of the South whose memories are dear to us.
One by one the heroes of that struggle which racked and
nearly wrecked our beloved country are leaving us. We have
to part with them, for they are to be the connecting links
that bind us to a past to which we can but cling most fondly.
One of those gallant ones a short time ago passed from our
midst. Rev. James Y. Old, who came to our town a few
years after the great war, was born and reared in Virginia,
near the city of Norfolk. When quite a young man, almost
a youth, he responded to the call to defend the rights of his
country and enlisted in the 15th Virginia Cavalry, com-
manded by Col. C. R. Collins. His company was commanded
by Capt. John F. Cooper. Mr. Old did his duty as a soldier
and patriot, and at one time during the campaign in Northern
Virginia he acted as scout for Gen. Robert E. Lee. His life
was spared, and some years after the war he again enlisted as
a minister of the gospel in a war where there is no discharge
till the great Chaplain says : "Come up higher." He has an-
swered that call, leaving his wife, the companion of his youth,
and three sons, useful citizens of our town.
[Committee: Mrs. C. W. Hollowell and Mrs. Edison Carr,
Elizabeth City, N. C]
Mrs. Elizabeth Caruthers Newson.
In the ranks of the U. D. C. there was none more ardently
faithful than Mrs. Elizabeth Caruthers Newson, who passed
away at her home, in Huntsville, Ala., on September 11, 1916.
Mrs. Newson was a Tennesseean by birth, a descendant of
brave pioneers who settled in this section soon after the Revo-
lutionary War. Her uncle, Robert L. Caruthers, was War
Governor of Tennessee, and her father, Robert Caruthers,
was a noble patriot. She grew to womanhood in Nashville
and was noted not only for her
beauty, but also for her charm-
ing intellectual endowment.
Mrs. Newson was an en-
thusiastic Daughter of the Con-
federacy, and it was largely
through her untiring efforts as
President of the Virginia Clay
Clopton Chapter at Huntsville
that a monument was erected
to the Confederate soldiers of
Madison County, Ala. At the
time of her death she was First
Vice President of the Alabama
Division, and she had also
served as State Chairman of
the Gettysburg Monument
Fund, devoting faithful efforts for three years to that sacred
trust. The passing of this noble woman was fittingly noted in
resolutions of respect and sympathy by her Chapter, U. D. C,
and Twickenham Town Chapter, D. A. R., of Huntsville.
Mrs. Newson was born in the strenuous times just after the
war, the critical period of Reconstruction, and she inherited
the fearless heart, the undaunted spirit of her parents. Of
her it may be truthfully said: "Patriotism burned like a holy
fire on the altar of her heart." From earliest childhood she
was imbued with the spirit of the cause for which her people
had fought Her love and loyalty to the beloved Southland
was the inspiration of her life.
MRS. E. C. NEWSON.
Catt. G. W. Peacock.
The brave soul of Capt. George Washington Peacock an-
swered the last roll call with the same courage and strength
of spirit as when in young manhood he had answered at Ap-
pomattox. His old comrades speak of his valor and say he
was a good soldier and that throughout his seventy-seven
years of life "he fought a good fight." Before the war he had
joined the Washington Rifles and was mustered into the Con-
federate service on March 18, 1861, as a member of Company
E, 1st Georgia Regiment. His bravery won promotion for
him, and in April, 1862, he was elected first lieutenant of Com-
pany B, 12th Georgia Battalion. He was severely wounded
at Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864, and was at home on fur-
lough when Sherman went through that section. Lieutenant
Peacock had captured a Yankee soldier and turned him over
to Wheeler's Cavalry, and later he was captured by a band of
Sherman's men. As he had been wounded, he asked leniency
of the officers in command, but was sentenced to be shot the
next day. That night as they were encamped near Riddleville
he made his escape while the guards were asleeep. The next
day he hid under the large root of a tree and saw the Yan-
kees searching for him. As soon as his strength permitted
he rejoined his company and served to the close of the war.
He and his relative, Capt. B. S. Boatright, were together
throughout the war. and now of the thirty members of their
company only Captain Boatright survives.
Captain Peacock was a member of Camp Graybill, U. C. V.
Though during late years he had lived in Augusta, he always
attended the meetings of the Camp. He was always present on
Memorial Day to clasp hands with his old comrades and to be
cordially welcomed by the Daughters of the Confederacy, to
whom he was always a friend. He will be greatly missed at
these patriotic meetings, but his comrades will look forward
to a happy reunion in the great beyond.
A. E. Carter.
At the regular meeting of Camp W. H. T. Walker, No.
925, U. C. V., Atlanta, Ga., on October 9, 1916, the committee
on memorial to Comrade E. A. Carter submitted the follow-
ing:
"Comrade Carter was born December 16, 1845, and entered
the War between the States in August, 1863, in the 1st Geor-
gia Cavalry and remained in the service until the close of the
war. He filled many positions of honor and trust in civil life
after his return home. He was a man loved by all his friends
and comrades. He died August 1, 1916, after an illness of
over two years. Comrade Carter was as true in war as he
was in peace.
"Resolved, That in the death of Comrade Carter our Camp
loses one of its most useful and valued members. The grim
monster death has robbed a home, a community, and this
Camp of one of its brightest jewels. We miss his kind and
gentle admonitions and deeply mourn our loss.
"Committee: T. H. Kennon, R. M. Thompson, W. D. Har-
ris, J. A. Pittman."
Prof. W. J. Spillman.
Prof. W. J. Spillman, of Company H, 35th Mississippi In-
fantry, Col. W. S. Barry commanding, died at his home, in
San Antonio, Tex., September 3, 1916, at the age of seventy-
five years. He was wounded at Corinth, captured at Vicks-
burg, and served gallantly through all the campaigns of his
command in Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. One of
nature's noblemen has passed away.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai}.
563
Maj. William Henry Scanland.
Maj. William Henry Scanland died August 30, 1916, in
Shreveport, La., survived by his wife and seven children, also
one brother. He was born at Grand Gulf, Miss., January 7,
1842. His grandfather was a Virginian, his father a Ken-
tuckian, and his mother a Mississippian. He lost both parents
at an early age, and in his eleventh year he and his brother
began work in the printing office of the Caddo Gazette. The
Bossier Banner was established by him at Bellevue on July
I, 1859, and, with the
exception of the four
years of war, he never
missed an issue. His
editorials were clas-
sics of the highest
order. His paper
never compromised
with evil, and in his
fifty-seven years of
newspaper work he
exerted an influence
for good over three
generations.
In 1861 young
Scanland was among
the first to volunteer
in defense of his coun-
try, first with the
"Bossier Boys" and
later serving with tin
Bossier Cavalry from
April, 1862, to May,
1865, when he was
paroled. His service
M \J W. II. SCAM \xi>.
was under Generals Marmaduke, Hardee, VanDorn, Hebert,
Armstrong, Cosby, and Forrest. After the war he resumed
publication of the Bossier Banner, removing it in 1S91 from
Bellevue to Benton, La., and during the ten years of the
South's darkest history he fought as well and as wisely for
his State as he had fought for his country. He was honored
by the citizens of his parish, having represented them in both
houses of the legislature, as parish treasurer for sixteen years,
and .is superintendent of public education for twelve years.
In Confederate circles he was honored by being on the staffs
of succeeding Commanders of the Louisiana Division. U. C.
V. He was also Assistant Quartermaster General on the
staffs of Commanders in Chief Gordon and Young and had
just received an appointment on the staff of Gen. George P.
Harrison, ranking as major.
"We think of him still as the same. I say
He is not dead; he is just away."
[A memorial from his friends of the R. J. Hancock Chap-
ter, U. D. C, Benton, La.]
Deaths in Camp at Victoria, Tex.
The William P. Rodgers Chapter, No. 44, U. D. C, sends a
list of members of W. R. Scurry Camp, No. 516, of Victoria,
Tex., who have died during this year, as follows :
Charles Schwartz, February 28; B. F. Williams, Company
A, 6th Texas Cavalry, April 15; James Smith, Buchel's Regi-
ment of Texas Cavalry, May 24; James A. McFaddcn, Fly's
Battalion of Texas Cavalry, June 25 ; Albert Ward Noble,
Company A, Waller's Battalion, Sibley's Brigade, September.
Robert F. Alexander.
Robert Fulton Alexander was born April 17, 1836, at Owen-
ton, Ky., and had reached his early manhood when the first
dissensions between the North and South began, culminating
early in 1861 in the call to arms of both sections of the country.
While on a business visit to Charleston, S. C, he was a
witness to the bombardment of Fort Sumter, beginning the
four years of war in the South. He returned to his home and
assisted in organizing a company of cavalry, of which he be-
came a lieutenant The company was embodied in the 4th
Kentucky Regiment and served under Gen. John H. Morgan
until the end of the war, by which time Lieutenant Alexander
had attained to his captaincy. This command formed a part
of President Davis's escort in his flight from Richmond to
Washington, Ga., when he left them, so as to facilitate his
escape to the seacoast.
After a visit to his old Kentucky home. Captain Alexander
went to Texas and settled near Marlin. in Falls County, and
then engaged in land-surveying and farming. In the early
nineties he removed to San Antonio and took up the real
business, and, becoming interested in politics, he was a
member of the city council during a reform movement at that
time.
He was an active member of the Albert Sidney Johnston
('imp. No. 41. U. C. V., and affiliated with the Masonic Lodge
oi Marlin. As his father had been one of the pioneer Baptist
preachers of Kentucky, lie kepi up his membership in that faith
during his lifetime. After a trying illness of several months
lie passed away on tin' morning of May 6, 1916. and was laid
to rest amongst those comrades wdio had gone before.
Carson T. Orr.
Carson T. Orr departed this life on September 27, 1916, at
the home of his son, William H. Orr, in Mt. Pleasant, Tenn.,
after an illness of several weeks. He was born near Lynn-
ville, Tenn., February 19, 1845, and enlisted in the Confed-
erate army on March 20, 1863, when only eighteen years of
age, joining Gordon's company, E. nth Tennessee Cavalry,
under Forrest, and served throughout the entire war, being
paroled May 10, 1865, at Gainesville, Ga. After the war he
returned to his old home, in Giles County, Tenn., where he
continued to live until several years ago, when he moved to
Mt. Pleasant. He is survived by his wife and nine children.
Mr. Orr was an interesting talker, and his accounts of the
various incidents of his war experiences were of special in-
terest. He was familiar with the organization of the Ku-
Klux Klan in Giles County. The burial was at Arlington
Cemetery, in Mt. Pleasant, the funeral services being held at
the Cumberland Presbyterian church, of which he had been
a devout member for many years. It was attended by many
Confederate veterans, some of whom were honorary pall-
bearers.
John Dabney Cosby.
John Dabney Cosby, aged seventy-six years, died at his
home, in Abingdon, Va., on the 3d of October, 1916. He was
among the first to volunteer from Washington County, be-
coming a member of Company K, 37th Regiment of Infantry,
commanded by Col. Samuel V. Fulkerson. After the dis-
astrous campaign in West Virginia in 1862, Mr. Cosby, by
sickness, became disabled for infantry service and was then
transferred to Company D, 1st Virginia Cavalry, and was a
member thereof until the surrender at Appomattox Court-
house. He leaves a widow and one daughter.
564
^ogfederat^ tfeterai).
D. J. HYNEMAN.
D. J. Hyneman.
D. J. Hyneman, born in 1845, near Corinth, Miss., was de-
scended from a long line of Southern ancestry. During his
long and useful life his home was in Corinth, where he died on
September 30, 1916. He was ever true and loyal to the South
and her people. Enlist-
ing in the 12th Missis-
sippi Cavalry, Company
H, in 1862, he fearlessly
and gallantly discharged
every duty as a soldier.
Because of his intelli-
gence, courage, and the
trust reposed in him by
superior officers, he was
often appointed on deli-
cate and dangerous scout
duty. As sheriff of his
county and as a mer-
chant for fifty years, his
reputation was untar-
nished. In 1869 he was
married to Miss Eugenia
Polk, daughter of Col.
C. P. Polk, who was a
nephew of President James K. Polk, of Tennessee. Of their
five daughters, three survive him — Mesdames Armstrong, El-
gin, and Young. Comrade Hyneman was a devout member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for many years.
[Tribute by G. W. Bynum.]
Turner Bynum.
Turner Bynum was a native of Chatham County, N. C,
where he was born in 1841. The family removed to Mississippi
in 1852, and his home was in that State from boyhood. His
death occurred in Corinth on July 27, 1916.
There were seven Bynum brothers in the Confederate army.
Thomas, the oldest, served in a Texas regiment. With five
brothers, William, Mark, George, Joseph, and Nat, Turner
Bynum enlisted in April, 1861, in the 2d Mississippi Infantry.
He served in the Army of Northern Virginia from the first
battle of Manassas to Gettysburg, where he was captured and
spent the rest of the war in prison at Fort Delaware. Only
two of these brothers now survive — George W. Bynum, of
Corinth, in his seventy-eighth year, and Mark W. Bynum, who
is nearing the eighty-second milepost.
Turner Bynum was a man of integrity and honesty of pur-
pose, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South,
charitable and liberal to the poor. He was never married.
James F. Sykes.
J. W. Morrison, W. L. McKee, and Tarn Brooks, committee
for the Camp at Hillsboro, Tex., report the loss of a com-
rade, James F. Sykes, a member of Company H, 14th North
Carolina Infantry, Hagood's Brigade, during the War between
the States, who died on April 19, 1916, at the Confederate
Home in Austin, Tex. He was born in North Carolina Au-
gust 20, 1847. He entered the Confederate service at the age
of seventeen years, remaining until the close of the war, being
then a prisoner at Point Lookout, Md. He went to Texas
in 1871, engaged in the profession of teaching school, and was
a prominent educator during most of the time prior to his
death. He was a citizen of Hillsboro for several years before
entering the Home. That Comrade Sykes was a good soldier
is shown in his record as a citizen of Texas.
Dr. James H. Shannon.
Report of the death of Dr. James H. Shannon, of Saco,
Me., comes as a great surprise and sorrow to the Veteran,
for he had been its good friend and well-wisher for many
years. In the Veteran for September appeared an interesting
letter from him in regard to a visit to Canada, telling how
he played off as a "young" recruit for the Canadian troops.
He was proud of his good health and strength, and death was
kind to him in coming without the illness that so often pre-
cedes it. He had been working about his home place shortly
before being stricken with paralysis while sitting in a chair.
He survived but a few minutes.
Dr. Shannon belonged to a family widely known in that
section of Maine and had passed a great part of his life in
Saco. He was born at Providence, R. I., in 1841, the son of
Charles T. and Jane Stanwood Shannon. In 1861 he enlisted
in the 5th Maine Infantry, one of the celebrated regiments
of the service, and served in the Union army to the close of
the war. He rose to the rank of captain and did staff duty
in connection with some of the big battles in which his regi-
ment participated. A part of the time he was in Tennessee,
and he stayed in Nashville just after the war and was organist
in one of the churches. He was a skilled player of the organ
and piano and had also composed music.
Some years after the war Dr. Shannon took up the study
of medicine and graduated in 1884 from the Jefferson Medical
College of Philadelphia. He then went to Saco, Me., which
had since been his home. He was always actively interested
in matters pertaining to the War between the States and
belonged to a number of military organizations of veterans.
He was well informed on war history and had written con-
siderably on the subject; his reminiscences were very inter-
esting. His wife, three sons, and a daughter survive him.
Nicholas Tubb.
Nicholas Tubb was born in Monroe County, Miss., on Feb-
ruary 17, 1841, and died at his home,- near Quincy, within a
few miles of the place of his birth, on April 11, 1916. He
was among the first to enlist in his county, joining, with eleven
kinsmen of the same name, Company E, 14th Mississippi Regi-
ment. He served throughout
the war, taking part in the
hardest-fought battles of Ten-
nessee, Alabama, and Missis-
sippi without receiving any
serious wounds. It was nota-
ble of this family of soldiers
not to evade or shirk a duty or
abandon a friend. As an il-
lustration his brother, Dr. John
Tubb, on returning from a fur-
lough, found the great battle of
Shiloh raging. Not knowing
the location of his company, he
attached himself to another and
fought throughout the battle.
Of pure and noble manhood,
Nicholas Tubb lived a thor-
oughly Christian life. He loved his fellow men and was
loved and respected by them. As a reward for his service to
his country and in appreciation of his honesty and integrity
his county elected him to the office of treasurer, which he held
for the four years just prior to his death. He is survived by
several sons and daughters.
NICHOLAS TUBB.
Qor?federat<^ l/eteraij.
565
Thomas William Jett.
After more than a year of declining health, death relieved
the sufferings of Thomas W. Jett on February 1, 1916. When
the war began, in 1861, he was clerking in Westmoreland
County, Va., and with little delay he joined a cavalry company
which later became Company C of the 9th Virginia Regi-
ment. He was by disposition and temperament admirably
suited to the service. During the early months of the war,
while in service on the Potomac, he practiced as a marksman
and became very proficient as a sharpshooter. In the stirring
engagements in which he took part it rarely happened that his
courage, coolness, and effective marksmanship failed to draw
the blood of the foe. It was remarkable that one found so
often in the front and so often exposed to danger escaped
bodily injury. His only wound was received at Brandy Sta-
tion on the nth of October, 1863, when he was injured in the
foot and was for several months disabled thereby.
On returning home after the surrender he assumed the life
of a farmer and began the struggle for a support on his
native sod in Northumberland. He married Miss Flora Alice
Haynie in 1866, and surviving him are four sons and a daugh-
ter, also an adopted son. In 1863 Comrade Haynie united
with the Methodist Church and was a consistent and exem-
plary member for more than fifty years. His character was
exemplified in his high sense of the dignity and claims of
citizenship. In the spirit of the dying words of one of his
kinsmen, as inscribed on an old tomb near his home, "With
a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night we will
pass over the river in victory and in triumph," our comrade
passed over the river to his rest and crown.
W, A. McCurdy.
On February 20, 1916, at his home, in Lewisburg, Tenn.,
W. A. McCurdy departed this life at the age of seventy-four
years. Surviving him are his wife and one son, H. K. Mc-
Curdy, of Tracy City, Tenn.
Comrade McCurdy early enlisted in the Confederate army
and served in it faithfully and bravely until the close. In the
early summer of 1861 he joined what was afterwards Com-
pany. D. 4th Tennessee Cavalry (Starnes's), and served with
that command until May 9, 1865, when he was paroled at
Washington, Ga. He then returned to his home, in Marshall
County, and had lived there ever since. His character as a
soldier included those sterling qualities of firmness, steadiness,
fortitude, steadfastness, endurance, resolution, and other noble
qualities that make the real man. After the war he followed
peaceful pursuits in the same quiet, unassuming way that had
characterized him in war, always exercising an influence for
good. He was a pillar of strength in his Church (Methodist)
and always sought what he thought was the best and purest in
politics. He was never ambitious in the sense of political
preferment or self-glory. Industrious, honest, truthful, he
chose the better part in life and leaves a name to be honored
and cherished by his family and friends as above anything to
be desired.
[From resolutions of respect and sympathy prepared by a
committee composed of W. W. Walker, R. L. Phillips, and T.
C Black.]
In the sketch of John H. McClinton, appearing in the No-
vember number, page 510, it should have been stated that his
death occurred at his home, in Monroe City, Mo. His widow
has since removed to New York City.
Thomas Bomar Vesey.
Thomas B. Vesey, son of John and Sarah B. Vesey, was
born at Gallatin, Sumner County, Tenn., on July 28, 1834, and
died at West Point, Miss., on August 10, 1916.
Mr. Vesey enlisted early in 1861 in a company formed at
Aberdeen, Miss., which was later made a part of the 20th Mis-
sissippi Infantry, C S. A. With this regiment (after serving
in the campaigns in Mississippi) his company was sent to
Joseph E. Johnston's army, then at Resaca, Ga. ; and he served
with this army continuously until the battle of Nashville,
where he was captured and remained in prison to the close
of the war.
After the war Mr. Vesey settled in Rome, Ga., and conducted
a mercantile business there for many years, until some twenty-
five years ago, his health failing, he sold out his business and
had since lived on the modest competency he had acquired.
He was a consistent member of the Baptist Church from early
manhood. He was never married.
There were six brothers in this family who served in the
Confederate army, and all came out alive and whole. Only
one now survives, M. L. Vesey, of Memphis. Tenn.
Capt. John H. Shields.
Capt. John H. Shields died at his home, in Wichita, Kans.,
on the 9th of November, 1916, and was laid to rest among
those of his family who had preceded him into the spirit land.
He was born in Madison, Morgan County, Ga., on June 8,
1^14; 50 his life had rounded out more than the allotted span.
Captain Shields enlisted in the Confederate army July I,
1861, and was at-
tached to Cobb's
Legion. He was with
f^ :: Longstreet in all the
big battles around
Richmond and also at
Gettysburg and Chick-
amauga, At the close
of the war he re-
moved with his fam-
ily to Clinton, Ky.,
and published a week-
ly paper there until
1885, when he went
to Kansas and again
entered the newspaper
business with the
Weekly Democrat at
Wichita. In 1913 he
received the appoint-
ment of postmaster of
the city and continued
in that office until
his death. As an of-
ficial he gave eminent
satisfaction. The
CAPT. JOHN H. SHIELDS. ,arge attem,ancc a{
his funeral testified to the esteem in which he was held.
Among the many handsome floral offerings was one in the
form of a Confederate battle flag, which attracted much at-
tention. Captain Shields was very active in organizing the
Confederate Camp at Wichita, the only one in Kansas, which
he had continually served as Adjutant. At the close of the
war he joined the Baptist Church and had been a faithful and
zealous member since.
566
Qopfederat^ l/eterar).
SONS OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS
Organized in July, 1S96, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief, Ernest G. Baldwin, Roanoke, Va.
Adjutant in Chief, N. B. Forrest, Biloxi, Miss.
CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND SONS,
ATTENTION!
BY W. E. BROCKMAN, DIVISION COMMANDER DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA, S. C. V.
Elaborate plans are now being developed for the entertain-
ment of the visitors in Washington on the occasion of the
next annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans and Sons,
to be held in the national capital in May, 1917.
"Veterans First" is the slogan that has been adopted by the
Reunion Committee for that occasion. The line of gray is
fast thinning, and it is a matter of only a few years when
there will none be left. The Confederate veterans have left
us, their sons, a priceless heritage of honor, truth, courage,
fidelity, and that spirit of American freedom that so burned
in their breasts at King's Mountain, at Cowpens, at Sumter,
at Spottsylvania C. H., and at Manassas and Gettysburg.
An appeal has been issued by the Commander in Chief of
the Sons of Veterans to all Sons of the Southland to organize
and work with that same spirit of independence as when our
fathers bravely answered the call of arms in 1775 and 1861.
There are two distinctive lines of work in the Sons of Con-
federate Veterans' organization. One is that of relief to the
needy veteran and the widow and orphan. Another, which
is far-reaching in effect and influence, is the education of the
present and the future generations as to the important prin-
ciples that caused our fathers to give their lifeblood in
1861-65.
A historical course has been mapped out by the general
organization whereby a true and correct history of the South
and of the United States may be placed before the entire
country. Some would be surprised if told that but few of the
glorious deeds of the Southland are even mentioned in the
majority of histories used throughout the country, yet it is
the truth. Shall we, the sons of these grand old sires, per-
mit the desecration of our fathers' memories in this manner?
God forbid!
What, then, shall we do? First, we must organize, for in
organization there is strength. We must affiliate with the
general organization and cooperate in the great work that is
before us. Every son of the South is needed for this work.
Shall we. the sons of Virginia, North and South Carolina, or
any other State, sit idle in this great exigency? The South
is again the mother of the President of the United States,
and we have little to fear and much to hope for from such a
man as Mr. Wilson. It was men of this character that made
our State and national government an example of pure De-
mocracy and self-government that has been a revelation to
the entire world.
General Harrison, Commander in Chief U. C. V., Mr.
Ernest G. Baldwin, Commander in Chief of the Sons, and
Adjutant in Chief Nathan Bedford Forrest on a recent visit
to Washington announced that over one hundred and fifty
thousand visitors are expected to attend the next Reunion.
Five hundred rooms, in addition to the entire mezzanine floor,
have been engaged at the Willard Hotel for the Reunion
headquarters. A parade has been arranged to form in front
of the United States Capitol and march to the White House,
there to be reviewed by President Wilson and his Cabinet,
the United States House and Senate, and the diplomatic
corps. Thus will Confederate soldiers, who tried so hard to
capture the national capital in 1861-65, on this occasion
have the opportunity to march down Pennsylvania Avenue
to the executive mansion in the Confederate gray and under
the Stars and Bars and be cordially greeted by the chief
executive of our nation.
It is for the Sons to get busy and make this the greatest
demonstration of the Southland that has ever been held. The
Sons expect to have ten thousand men in Confederate uni-
form, with their own band composed of Sons of Veterans,
and will march as escorts to the veterans. So prepare to in-
vade Washington. We will be ready for you and will re-
ceive you with open arms and with hearts that beat as one to
the sound of "Dixie" and "The Star-Spangled Banner."
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.
BY ARTHUR H. JENNINGS, LYNCHBURG, VA.
[This essay was awarded second prize in the Latham Prize
Contest for Sons of Confederate Veterans, 1916. Mr. Jennings
was former Commander of Garland Rodes Camp, S. C. V., of
Lynchburg, and is a member of R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1, S. C.
V, of Richmond, Va.]
Four hundred years ago in that part of "Merrie England"
where are situated the counties of Nottingham, Lincoln, and
York lived a band of dissenters who, though loyal to the king,
were rebels against the authority of the Established Church.
They were called Puritans.
In that far day, as some gay Cavalier and Churchman can-
tered along those winding lanes upon his gayly bedecked steed
and was scowled at from the roadside by one of those stern-
faced religionists, there were sown the seed which developed
into fruit in our War between the States three centuries later.
The causes that led to this war were many. Some were
direct, others collateral ; but the one deep underlying cause of
the war was the difference in temperament and the differing
points of view upon all subjects of the people North and South
and the jealousy of the North, particularly the New England
Puritan element, for the easy-going and luxury-loving Cava-
lier element of the South.
The Puritan conscience was ever a troublous thing, allow-
ing its possessor no rest and boding ill for those whose views
or modes of living were at variance with the stern and harsh
tenets which were supposed to govern the lives of the Puritans.
Burning of witches and abolitionism may seem far apart, but
the same causes operated in both cases. It was fanaticism, a
determination to make others believe and live as they did and
at any cost; that was the ruling motive in both instances.
It is not a far cry from Cotton Mather, denouncing witch-
craft and those who did not believe in witchcraft, with the
Indian slave girl Tituba at his side, and sending to horrible
deaths or to torture and prison over two hundred innocent
people, to Henry Ward Beecher, standing in his pulpit, a Win-
chester rifle across his Bible and a mulatto slave girl at his
side, pouring out his invectives against the slaveholders and
arousing to action and bloodshed the passions of the North.
Slavery was not the direct cause of the war; the South
would not have fought to preserve slavery. In the adult white
male population of the South not one man in every six owned
Qot}federat<^ l/eterai?.
567
even one slave. Nor was slavery held in the North to be a
crime against either God or man until long after the slaves
were found to be unprofitable in the North and had been sold
South and the profit of this transaction safely stowed away in
Northern pockets, where it remains to this good day. Only
then was the enormity of slavery brought forward as a public
question and abolitionism began to raise its ugly head.
The South protested against slavery ; Virginia legislated
against slavery thirty-two times; Georgia and the Carolinas
legislated against it previous to 1760. The Historian General
of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Miss Ruther-
ford, says : "Thomas Jefferson's original draft of the Declara-
tion of Independence had a protest against the slave trade;
and John Adams, of Massachusetts, advised that it be stricken
out.'' Georgia was the first slave State to legislate in opposi-
tion to the slave trade, while Massachusetts was the first State
to legislate in favor of it. Slavery was as surely forced upon
the Southern States as was opium upon China and for the
same reason — money.
As new territory came into the Union through conquest and
purchase, and as much of this territory lay geographically
where Southern influence would naturally dominate, the
Northern fear of the growth of Southern power grew, and
Northern jealousy increased. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803
was viewed with disfavor in the North. The conquest of
Mexican territory and the admission of Texas into the Union
increased Northern uneasiness and jealousy. The right of
States to withdraw from the Union was early brought into
MRS. CHARLES WITHERS SUMPTER, OF CHlilSTIANSBURG, VA.
Mrs. Sumpter \v:is sponsor for the 4th Virginia Brigade, 3. C.
V., at the Birmingham Reunion. She Is First Vice President of
the Virginia Division, U. D. C.
play. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, when a
Southern man and slaveholder was President of the United
States and the Louisiana Territory was secured from Napoleon
by purchase, Massachusetts threatened to secede, and Josiah
Quincy favored it. The South wanted war with England ir>
1812 to secure the freedom of the seas, but New England was-
opposed to it and threatened to secede from the Union if
war with England was declared. Massachusetts, jealous of
Southern power, again in 1820 threatened to secede if Mis-
souri was admitted into the Union as a slave State. The right
of these States to threaten secession and to carry these threats
into effect was never questioned ; it was universally recognized.
It was only when the South at a later period sought to exer-
cise the same right that the right was disputed and the cry of
"rebellion" raised at the North.
The differences between the sections multiplied with the
passage of time. Free labor at the South and paid labor at
the North operated to the advantage of the South. Tariff
bills were passed by the manufacturing North which were op-
pressive to the agricultural South. The breach widened.
The attitude of the North before the war was one of dicta-
tion; that of the South was resistance to outside dictation
and interference. The North waged a war of invasion and
coercion ; the South one of self-defense and resistance to
invasion and coercion. When Lincoln was elected, repre-
senting to the Southern mind the rise to supreme power in the
Union of those elements in the North most determined to
defy the Constitution, to coerce the South, and to force that
section to live by rules of conduct laid down in despised
abolition councils, then the South sought safety and peace by
withdrawing apart from these disturbing elements.
South Carolina seceded ; other Southern States rapidly
took the same steps. Virginia, with a love for the Union,
which she had been so largely instrumental in creating and
fashioning and preserving, made desperate efforts to stay the
storm. To make the Union possible she had given from her
own body the extensive territory of the Northwest. Her
sons, Washington, Jefferson, Patrick Henry. Marshall, and
others, had already figured in the formation and preservation
of the Union. "Without her," says Thomas Nelson Page in
his book, "R. E. Lee, the Southerner," "no Union would
have been formed, and without her no Union would have
been preserved during the early decades of its existence."
Only when coercion was used and invasion threatened did
Virginia exercise her constitutional rights and secede, draw-
ing the sword in defense and not in attack. South Carolina,
standing on her right to withdraw from a compact which
she had helped to formulate, a right previously asserted to be
theirs by those States which were now denying it to her, de-
manded of the Northern government that its troops be with-
drawn from her territory. Lincoln promised a commission
sent to negotiate these subjects that no reinforcements or
supplies should be sent to the troops of the North holding
Fort Sumter while these questions were being debated.
Violating this pledge, Lincoln secretly started both sup-
plies and reinforcements toward Fort Sumter in a fleet of
several vessels. Undoubtedly this was the first blow struck
in the war; it was the first act of war. In the face of this
treachery South Carolina in self-defense attacked and reduced
Fort Sumter before the reinforcements and supplies could
arrive. At once throughout the North the cry was raised that
the flag had been fired upon, and troops were started South
to coerce and punish that section and force it back into the
Union. The die was cast, and the contest began.
568
Qopfederat^ l/eteraij.
Confeberateb Southern /Ifoemorial association
Mrs. W. J. Behan President
New Orleans, La.
Mrs. John E. Maxwell Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian
1105% Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. J. Enders Robinson Corresponding Secretary
113 Third Street South, Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
Next Convention to be held in
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. R. P. Dexter
Arkansas— Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida— Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia— Atlanta Mrs. A. McD. Wilson
Louisiana— New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi— Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K.Warner
North Carolina— Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee— Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Frazet
Virginia— Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
Washington. D. C.
JUNIOR CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION
OF NEW ORLEANS.
BY MRS. J. G. HARRISON, RECORDING SECRETARY LADIES*
MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION.
On March 26, 1896, there was organized in New Orleans,
La., a Junior Confederate Memorial Association designed to
be a successor of the Senior Association and heir to its
property, the Confederate monument in Greenwood Cemetery,
the crypt, and surrounding ground. Mrs. D. A. S. Vaught
was the first President, and it was during her administration,
in 1898, that the Juniors collected the sum of one hundred
dollars, with which they purchased a beautiful hand-painted
historic scroll of Louisiana. This scroll was placed in a frame
of Louisiana oak, handsomely carved, and presented to the
Louisiana Room in the Confederate Museum at Richmond,
Va.
Miss Elizabeth Borland became President in 1900 and in
March, 1902, was succeeded by Mrs. H. Blackman Turner.
Prior to this date only girls were elected to membership, but
upon the recommendation of the President of the Senior As-
sociation, Mrs. W. J. Behan, boys up to sixteen years of age
were admitted. The Association then took on new life, the
membership increased, and great interest was taken in Me-
morial Day exercises. The Central Committee of the Jeffer-
son Davis Monument Association of Richmond, Va., having
offered a handsome gold medal to be awarded to the child
selling the greatest number of "Davis buttons," a friendly
rivalry was begun among the Juniors, each one striving for
the prize. As a greater incentive the President of the Ladies'
Memorial Association, Mrs. W. J. Behan, communicated with
Gen. J. B. Gordon, then Commander in Chief of the United
Confederate Veterans, requesting him to present the medal
to the successful candidate during the New Orleans Reunion
to be held in 1903. A prompt reply was received from him,
sending words of encouragement to the children in their patri-
otic and laudable efforts to honor the memory of the President
of the Southern Confederacy and said : "If my health per-
mits, I shall be glad to comply with your request." The pos-
sibility of being thus honored stimulated the children to
greater zeal, and as a result the Junior Confederate Me-
morial Association closed the contest some time before the
date fixed and sent on to the Treasurer of the Jefferson Davis
Monument Association in Richmond, Va., the sum of $200
acquired through the sale of "Davis buttons." Miss Estelle M.
Hodgson was the fortunate winner of the prize, having sold
over one thousand buttons. The medal, which represented
the Confederate flag suitably inscribed, was presented by Gen.
John B. Gordon in a few complimentary words at the fourth
annual convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial
Association, of which the Juniors form a part.
At the annual meeting held March 19, 1904, Mrs. Charles
Zapata received the appointment of President. Realizing that
the life of an association depends upon its activity, Mrs.
Zapata, a most zealous worker, proposed that the Juniors take
as their work for the coming year the placing of a stained-
glass window in Memorial Hall, this window to represent the
great seal of the Confederacy. The children received the
proposition with great enthusiasm, delighted to know that they
could give this proof of their love for the cause for which
their fathers and grandfathers had sacrificed life and fortune.
To the accomplishment of this patriotic purpose an entertain-
ment committee was formed, with Mrs. H. H. Marks as chair-
man. Several entertainments were given, which swelled the
fund. At last success crowned the efforts of these young
patriots, and the final details of ordering the window was
intrusted to the window committee.
It was on Saturday, March 2, 1907, just two years after the
proposition was made by Mrs. Zapata, that the unveiling
ceremonies of this beautiful memorial took place in Confed-
erate Memorial Hall, New Orleans. This rose window is a
device representing an equestrian portrait of Washington
(after the statue which surmounts his monument in the Capi-
tol at Richmond), surrounded with a wreath composed of the
principal agricultural products of the Confederacy — cotton,
tobacco, sugar cane, corn, wheat, and rice — and having around
its margin the words, "The Confederate States of America,
twenty-second February, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,"
with the following motto, "Deo Vindice." Gen. J. A. Chala-
ron, Secretary of the Louisiana Historical Society, a lamented
Commander of the Army of Tennessee Department, U. C. V.,
was the orator of the evening. A beautiful program was ren-
dered, and Mrs. W. J. Behan closed the impressive exercises
with an address to the Juniors.
Mrs. Hickey Friedricks was the next appointee as President,
and she still presides. On the 31st of May, 1915, the Juniors
presented to the Louisiana Room in the Confederate Museum
at Richmond, Va., a bronze bust of Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard,
mounted on a handsome pedestal. Capt. John Lamb, member
of Congress from Richmond, Va., presented this gift to the
room, and Capt. James Dinkins, of New Orleans, accepted it,
telling of the distinguished soldier of the Crescent City, who
had figured so conspicuously in the service of the Southern
cause. The hearts and hands of the Juniors are still faithful
in their work, and greater and more patriotic deeds are being
planned for the future.
Qoi}federat^ Ueterai).
569
ANNUAL ADDRESS BY THE HISTORIAN OF TEXAS
DIVISION, U. C. V.
[The R. E. Lee Camp of Fort Worth, Tex., was the first
to appoint a Historian, and Judge C. C. Cummings received
the first appointment. Later the Texas Division, under Gen.
K. M. Van Zandt, created this office, and Judge Cummings
was the first appointee and has continued in the office. He
was a member of Barksdale's Brigade, A. N. V., and was in
the battles of his command from First Manassas till wound-
ed at Gettysburg when serving as sergeant major of the 17th
Mississippi Infantry.]
In 1816, a hundred years ago, the first movement began
toward the return from America to Africa of the liberated
slaves. In this year was formed the African Colonization
Society under the initiative of Southern slaveholders. It
was approved by Jefferson and materially advanced by Henry"
Clay, James Madison, and James Monroe. Many Northern
philanthropists gave it moral and material aid. This society
secured a concession of part of the province of Guinea, on
the west coast of Africa, and in 1822 formed a colony and
called it Liberia and the capital Monrovia, for President
Monroe, who gave it valuable aid.
In 1847 the colony advanced to the dignity of a negro re-
public after the plan of the United States, but with the pro-
viso that only negroes should be its officers. It is a coinci-
dence that the Monroe Doctrine was promulgated in 1822.
having for its aim the fostering care over the struggling re-
publics to the south of us against unlawful encroachments on
these by European powers.
Liberia has a coast line of about three hundred and fifty
miles, the length of that of Texas on the Gulf of Mexico,
and an area near that of the State of Mississippi, forty-three
thousand square miles. Its terrain gradually ascends f6r
about twenty miles till it reaches undulating uplands extend-
ing some two hundred miles inland. The soil is fertile, well
watered and timbered, and is very prolific in tropical fruits.
Its principal exports are coffee, cacao, kola nuts, and many
other tropical products. It has an even temperature, ranging
from seventy-five to eighty-five degrees. Its government has
adopted a system of grants to actual settlers for homestead
purposes similar to that which so rapidly peopled the State
of Texas.
Great Britain has during the world war now raging ac-
quired the bulk of the German possessions in Africa, and the
time is favorable for the United States to acquire additional
territory there for African colonization. Our government has
within its bounds eleven million negroes, all of whom are
crowded into the thirteen original slave States, except about
a million in the North, and race friction is yearly growing
more frequent ; local race segregation is being tried in many
localities, which is but temporary.
In Liberia, as in all tribal communities, there was friction
among the different tribes at first, which retarded its growth
till 1804, when the several chiefs met at Monrovia and for-
mulated a working basis of peace among themselves, which
operated so as to secure confidence of capitalists abroad ; and
in 191 1 Americans advanced the Liberian government two and
a half million dollars, which righted its finances and placed it
on a practical basis. Of course the bondholders will over-
look their holdings to see that the investment is safe. This
loan was on a population of 2,500,000, of which 18.000 are
the descendants of American freed slaves.
History is philosophy teaching by example; and when we
turn to the tenth chapter of Genesis we see where Father
Noah got tired of trying to have his three sons live in peace-
together, and he then divided the known world among the
three. To Ham he assigned Africa; to Shem, Asia; and to
Japheth, the elder, he gave a double portion by the right of
primogeniture, and Europe and the isles of the sea fell to
his share.
This was the first attempt at race segregation. But race
amalgamation followed between Shem and Ham on the plains
of Mesopotamia. They built great Babylon and the Tower
of Babel, and race friction followed and confusion of tongues,
and they were dispersed. The second experiment of race
segregation, being under divine guidance, yet obtains. We
read that in the midst of this race mixture the divine voice
called Abraham into a strange country and separated his
seed from the rest as a witness for all time of the steady in-
fluence of the one God over all pagan gods. After under-
going bondage under Ham for a time about equal to the
bondage of Ham with us, Shem came out into the Prom-
ised Land. Now in the great war going on in Europe we
expect to see the world again divided as old Father Noah did
at first, and each son must return to his own — Shem back to
the Promised Land, Ham back to Africa — all under the super-
vision of Japheth. whom Father Noah decreed should be so
enlarged.
Another attempt of amalgamation was made by Japheth ;
and confusion ensued, as it ever must in race mixture.
Japheth when he crossed over to his portion in Europe di-
vided, and a part of him trekked westward over the Hima-
layan Mountains of Western Asia, amalgamated with lower
forms of life, stagnated into castes, and so remains to-day
nonprogressive. The other part traveled to the northwest of
Europe and has ever refused race mixture, but now stands
out as the great white race which dominates the civilization
of the world.
The South took up Ham as a savage and through slavery
has lifted him to his feet as a man. If he is the man he is
claimed to be. he will hearken to the cry of 150,000.000 of
his kind and go over and help them.
VETERANS IN UNIFORM.
Capt. Dabney M. Scales, of Camp No. 28, U. C. V., and
Company A, Uniformed Rank, C. V., Memphis, Tenn., writes:
"At a meeting of this Camp and company the subject of
Confederate uniforms was fully discussed, and it was the
sense of the meeting that all veterans attending the Reunion
in Washington should be appropriately uniformed. Fifty-
six years after First Manassas the Confederate forces will
invade Washington. We shall meet there many veterans of
the other side, their sons and daughters; and this organiza-
tion appeals to comrades to show themselves worthy of the
cause by preserving a soldierly appearance. The uniform
need not be expensive, but it should be historically charac-
teristic, neat, and well-fitting. Let all go in company forma-
tion (under arms) and maintain that dignity and manly bear-
ing which reflects credit upon the cause for which we stand.
There is an official uniform for all veterans (those not be-
longing to any organized company), and it is not expensive.
Another thing : a man makes himself as old as he feels. Let
us hold up our heads, step out, and make ourselves as young
as when we started for Washington in 1862."
57o
Qopfederat^ l/etcrao.
"ABOLITION OF SLAFERY STARTED IN THE
SOUTH."
BY DR. Y. R. LE MONNIER, NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Under the above caption in the Veteran for September,
1916 (page 411), I read that "the States of Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and Tennessee were engaged in practical movements for
the gradual emancipation of slaves" (George Lunt, of Massa-
chusetts), and following that, "T. J. Randolph proposed in
the Virginia Assembly a plan for the emancipation of the
negroes in 1832."
The first negro slaves were landed in America about 1620,
when a Dutch ship sold nineteen of them in Virginia. But
Massachusetts had already previous to this sold in the West
Indies twenty Indian warriors, prisoners of war, who proved
a failure as slaves. And the last slaver was a Massachusetts
ship, the Nightingale, owned and manned by Boston people,
captured by a Southerner, Capt. John Julius Guthrie, of the
United States sloop of war the Saratoga, on April 21, t86l,
at the mouth of the Congo River, on the west coast of Africa,
with nine hundred slaves on board. They were liberated and
the ship burned. This was after the surrender of Fort Sumter
and the Baltimore riot, consequent' upon the passage of the
6th Massachusetts Regiment through that city. (See Archives
of the Navy Department, Washington. D. C.)
In 1750 the colony of South Carolina proclaimed against
slavery, in 1775 Virginia rebelled against it, then Georgia.
These colonies not only condemned the slave trade, but at a
public mass meeting passed a resolution requiring the gov-
ernors of the colonies to inform the mother country, England,
of this fact. In course of time the answer came that slavery,
which was such a paying institution to the crown, was ordered
reestablished, and the governors of the colonies were com-
manded to enforce the order of the king, their master; other-
wise others would be sent to enforce it.
Thus it will be seen that the South always was against this
abominable institution, kept up by order of the king on ac-
count of the money there was in it. After our independence
in 1776, the slave trade was kept up, in violation of the law.
by the Northeastern Puritans, and particularly the Boston
people. The Marquis of Lothian, a Scotchman, as the result
of his researches, said that out of fifteen hundred American
slave traders only five were from the South.
The above is only a grosso modo account of this very im-
portant question in which the Northeast, and not the South.
had so much to do in carrying it on after we became an in-
dependent country. Ten per cent of the slave trade was in
the hands of the Dutch, twenty per cent was carried on by
Spain, thirty per cent by England, and finally by the North-
eastern States.
CONFEDERATE HOMES.
BY HON. CLAY SHARKEY, JACKSON, MISS.
In the November number of the Veteran J. O. Bradfield,
writing of the Confederate Homes of Texas, unwittingly
makes a misstatement in saying that "Texas is the only State
that bars none." The Home for Confederate veterans, their
wives and widows, at Beauvoir, the last home of our only
President, Jefferson Davis, admits all worthy Confederate
veterans, with their wives or their widows, if married prior to
1895.' Mississippi Sons of Confederate Veterans bought the
old home of Jefferson Davis, and the U. D. C. of Mississippi
maintained this Home until 1904, when the State made ap-
propriations for its maintenance. It is situated on the Gulf
of Mexico, on either side the thriving cities of Biloxi and
Gulfport, and, with an electric car line running along the
front, for a few cents the inmates can have a pleasant ride
along this beautiful shore. The Home has every conceivable
convenience — electric lights, artesian water, steam laundry, as
well-equipped hospital as any in the State, a chapel for all
denominations, and an assembly hall for amusements or read-
ing. A law places the management under six directors ap-
pointed by the Governor, "who shall be members of the Con-
federate Veterans' Association or Sons of Confederate Vet-
erans' Association of Mississippi." A happier Home cannot
be found, nor one more liberally provided for, than Beauvoir.
The only requirements are that "the applicant must be needy,
have honorably served in army or navy of the Confederacy,
and at the time of application a resident of Mississippi."
OUR LAST MEETING.
BY MAT. T. II. BLACKNALL, CHICACO. ILL.
Perhaps it will be of interest to know how an old Confed-
erate major of eighty-four years felt at the last reunion of the
blue and gray in Oakwoods Cemetery, Chicago. This is the
largest and most beautiful cemetery in the city. It contains
eight hundred acres, handsomely inclosed, its grounds like a
well-kept lawn, with artificial lakes and fountains, walks and
driveways, and with trees, flowers, and vines among the thou-
sands of costly monuments and tombs. Near the center of
this grand cemetery the people of Chicago gave four acres in
which to place the handsome Confederate monument, which
stands fifty feet high, its pedestal surmounted by a bronze
Confederate soldier, with gun, standing at parade rest. The
base on which the monument rests is twelve feet square, and
on each side is a large bronze tablet giving the names, regi-
ments, and States to which belonged the thousands of Con-
federate soldiers now resting under a velvet carpet of living
green. The entire cost of grounds and monument was $78,000.
It was a touching sight to witness veterans of the blue and
gray march around the monument and scatter flowers, while
the band softly played "The Last Rose of Summer." It was
a scene long to be remembered and brought to me thoughts
of the final reunion of those who had once faced each other
in battle.
The blue and the gray on the hanks are waiting
To cross over the silent river between ;
The grass on one side is trampled,
That on the other is green.
Over there under the green all are united,
All strife is forgotten, and all wrongs are righted.
Service of Robert Coleman. — J. A. Turpin, of Waterproof,
La., makes the following inquiry : "Robert Coleman, of Church
Hill, Miss., a friend of mine, with his brother, Frank W. Cole-
man, attended the Military Institute at Nashville, Tenn., having
for their professors Bushrod Johnson and Alexander P. Stew-
art, who were afterwards Confederate generals. Graduating
in i860, Frank Coleman served as lieutenant in Darden's Mis-
sissippi Battery of Artillery, Bushrod Johnson's Brigade,
Army of Tennessee : and Robert Coleman was commissioned
as drillmaster and assigned to Camp Moore, a recruiting
camp, near New Orleans, La. Later he went into active serv-
ice as lieutenant or captain and was killed in the battle of Iuka,
Miss., in July. 1862. I should like to learn the particulars of
his death and burial, also the company he was with and his
rank, for the benefit of his relatives living near this place."
Qoofederat^ l/eterap.
.1/
t
BOOK REIIEIVS.
Brave Deeds of Confederate Soi.dif.rs. By Philip Alexander
Bruce. Published by George W. Jacobs and Company.
Philadelphia. Cloth, illustrated, $1.50 net.
The story of the men in gray is the story of courage.
Confederate annals are replete with incidents of personal
daring. In making this collection of the "Brave Deeds of
Confederate Soldiers," Mr. Bruce has drawn upon facts of
record and thus imparts to these stories historic value as
well as thrilling interest. The book is the last in a scries
devoted to the exploits of the American private soldier. It
was intended primarily for the older boys of the present yet
will be none the less interesting to those who were the "boys"
of the Confederacy. In the introductory chapter are review..!
the conditions of old Southern life, showing that the training
in outdoor life which obtained in that section — in riding, hunt-
in:,', and other sports of the day — naturally tended to develop
those traits which make a people noted for daring and per-
sonal courage. It is not surprising, then, thai the Southern
soldier should have been imbued with that adventurous spirit
which made him dirt and do to tin- wonderment of the world.
In this volume an- stories of private anil chief; nor does tin
author neglect to record the four. me oi "at leasl one daugh-
ter of the Confederacy." Belle Boyd, the famous Southern
spy, who rendered ■-neb invaluable aid to Confederate arms
as to call forth the thanks of the immortal Jackson. Morgan,
Mosby, Pelham, "the box artillerist," and others of less re-
nown figure among the leaders whose wonderful daring is
here recorded; while the gallantry of the cadets at New
Market, adventures of SCOUtS, etc., show the private soldier,
individually and collectively, a worthy actor in the great drama
of war. Mr. Bruce has dedicated his hook to his English
friend. Gerald Smythe, Esq., whom he calls "the best Con-
federate of them all." lor his interest and sympathy in the
Southern cause and his profound admiration for our heroes
in gray. This book would be a splendid gift for Christmas
for "boys of all ages." See advertisement in this number.
l'.i.iM History of the United States. By Matthew Page
Andrews, l.ippincott. IQ16.
This history, prepared for elementary schools, as the author's
larger history was for high schools, is by a teacher of large
experience in teaching and of profound research in invcstig.tt
ing the history of our country. It accomplishes, as its prede
cessor does, the most difficult task the historian can under-
take— writing a history for schools.
Some of the excellent points of these histories, in contrast
with many school histories of our country, are the following:
1. Accurate statement of facts. Xo pains have been spared
to set forth the events of our life as a people just as they
actually occurred, from the first settlements of the colonies,
through all the vicissitudes of peace and war. up to the present
year.
2. These facts are told in an easy, flowing style, of readable
English. It is no dry chronicle of events, for they are pre-
sented in colors of life, vividly told as a most interesting story
that appeals to the imagination as well as to the intellect of the
young student.
3. It is a continuous story It is not broken up by episodes,
however interesting, which have little to do with the develop-
ment of the country. It is a record of those things of chief
importance in the life story of a great and progressive people,
from the struggles of the hardy pioneers to the position of one
of the great world powers of the present day.
4. It is a well-balanced history. Its proportions are ad-
justed so as to present clearly the relations to each other of
those great facts which determined the policy of the govern-
ment and shows how in the crises of our national life certain
great principles were at Make and in conflict and which prin-
ciples triumphed.
5. Once more, it is an impartial history. It gives due credit
to every section of our common country for what it has done,
and the facts arc stated without criticism of the motives of
the actors. The chief purposes ami objects of the various
parties and sections are presented as they themselves staled
them. This is the most difficult thing to do, especially for a
historian whose life has been passed amid the conflicts of par-
tisan politics. The South has had great reason to resent the
way most school histories have ignored the very great part she
took in the winning of this land, in the formation of the
government, and in the administration of it while it was mak-
ing its place among the nations of this earth. Hiese histories
have too often misrepresented and maligned the South and
her institutions, and especially her motives in the great War
between the States. 18(11-65.
Ibis history, written 1>> a Virginian of New England an-
giveS credit to the South for the ability of her stalls
men and leaders, the splendid courage of her soldiers, the
purity of her family life, and the kindliness of her domestic
institutions. At the same lime it also gives credit to the Xorth
for those sturdy virtues which have done so much in the
advancement of our material interests. 1 can most heartily
commend both of these histories as the fairest 1 know
James II. McNeilly.
Boys Wanted. — While 1 was in command of scouts in
South Carolina in February, 1865, a hoy. whose name I have
forgotten, came to my camp and asked to stay with me. and
he remained until the surrender of Johnston's army. On the
march one night he went to sleep and lost one of my horses
that be was leading. Another boy. a member of a New York
regiment, captured by my scouts near Cheraw. S C., begged
thai he be not sent to prison, offering to cook for me or do
anything else except to light. lie remained with me until it
was known that we would surrender and doubtless left for
fear that he would he taken as a deserter. I would be pleased
to ben from both of these "boys" or to meet them at our
Reunion in Washington next spring. John II. I.kster.
•. La., Captain Company F.. 71k and gth Alabama Cav-
alry.
Proud of His Record.— A. Schoppard was born in Germany
July 11. 1834. and came to the United States in 1858, locat-
ing at Spartanburg. S. C, from which place he enlisted in
the Confederate army in May, 1S61, as a member of A. H.
Foster's company, 5th South Carolina Regiment. Jenkins's
Brigade. With this command he served throughout the war.
surrendering at Appomattox. As he says, he "didn't have a
thing to fight for, not even a wife, and could not speak the
English language" ; but he is proud of his record as a Con-
federate soldier. He went to Texas in 1880 and settled near
Bartonville, Denton County, and has lived there ever since,
a highly respected citizen. He is now eighty-two years old
and would be glad to hear from any of his comrades of the
sixties. His address is Argyle, Tex., Route I.
57^
C^oijfederat^ tfeterar?.
YOUR BEST
GIFTS THIS
Christmas
Should Be
JEWELRY
FOR
Perfect Diamonds
Fine Gold Jewelry
and High-Grade Watches
for Ladies and
Gentlemen
CALL ON
Calhoun & Co.
Leading
Jewelers
Since 1835
Nashville, Tenn.
If not convenient to call, you will find
mhopping with us by mail convenient
and satisfactory. Our new illustrated
catalogue will interest and help you,
A post card request will bring it to you.
Call On
For First-Class Work
210'i Fifth Avenue N. Nashville, Tenn.
N. F. Davis, of Barstow, Cal., wants
to hear from members of Company H,
nth Regiment, Second Brigade, Mis-
souri Volunteer Infantry.
WANTED.
Information regarding the family or
heirs of T. J. Harrison, who enlisted in
Capt. W. H. Smith's company, Gregg's
Regiment, Texas Volunteers, at Mar-
shall, Tex., in October, 1861. This com-
pany was afterwards a part of Bailey's
Regiment of Infantry as Company A,
7th Texas Infantry. He was captured
February 16, 1862, at Fort Donelson
and was exchanged September 20, 1862,
near Vicksburg, Miss.
Also the same information as to T. J.
Harrison, second lieutenant Company
C, Granbury's Consolidated Brigade,
and paroled at Greensboro, N. C, in
April, 1865.
Address information to William L.
Thompson, Box 88, Beaumont, Tex.
T. W. Sikes, of Bentonville, Ark., is
anxious to hear from some member of
Wheeler's Escort, which was detailed
from the 4th Alabama, Colonel Clan-
ton's regiment. Mr. Sikes was a volun-
teer aid of General Wheeler's staff on
scouting duty under command of Cap-
tain Reece, who was succeeded by Cap-
tain Anderson.
C. W. Leake, of Abilene, Tex., is try-
ing to secure a pension for Richard
Henry Rittenbery, who served with
Company C, Wall's Tennessee Regiment
of Cavalry, General Morgan's brigade.
Mr. Rittenbery is in needy circum-
stances, and any information of his
service will be gladly received.
Wanted — The names and addresses
of any surviving members of Companies
A, D, H, and K, of the 7th Texas Cav-
alry, C. S. A. ; also the names of any
survivors of Company I, 13th Texas In-
fantry, and of Brown's Regiment, the
35th Texas Cavalry. Address Thomas
J. Baten, Beaumont, Tex.
L. G. Phillips, 102 Sherman Avenue,
Mansfield, Ohio, would like to hear
from some member of Wade's 1st Mis-
souri Battery with whom he soldiered
in the Trans-Mississippi Department
and Army of Tennessee from 1862 to
the close of the war.
Dr. Hu B. Mahood, Box 139, North
Emporia, Va., wants to know where he
can secure "In Vinculis," by A. M.
Keiley, of Petersburg, Va., and "Recol-
lections of a Surgeon of Mosby's Com-
mand," by Dr. Montiero, of Richmond,
Va.
7\JuryoJ|
Famous Chefs
If a Jury of celebrated
chefs were to listen to
the evidence of quality
and nifiit of this high-grade range, their verdict
WDtlld b« t lie snitie as that of the thousands of satis-
fied useiu throughout the Southern States— that
ENTERPRISE
RANGES ARE MASTERPIECES IN COOKING APPLI-
ANCE CONSTRUCTION: that for perfection of results
the} stand without nn equal; that they are conceded
f ■ ■ ■ 1 savers; that they possess constructiiral features
of Buperior merit not found in any other make of
range. It's the range for you to buy. It makes
evert meal ■ rrol feast. Oo to your dealer to-day and
let him diMiwnBtrato it to you, or write us direct
(Dept. "7.") if your dealer can't supply you, giving
dealer's name.
PHILLIPS & BUTTORFF MFG. CO.
NASHVILLE. TENN.
The Independent
Life Insurance Co.
Home Office, Independent Life
Building, Fourth Avenue and
Church Street, Nashville
Sells life insurance for the
whole family, from baby to
grandpa.
Weekly, monthly, quarterly,
or annual rate.
Special Monthly Policy in Conven-
ient Amounts for Sal-
aried People
Foster High Duty HYDRAULIC RAM
Is in a class by itself.
The cheapest known mean* •!
pumping' water.
Can run on as little as two feet
of fall and pump 30 feet high
for each foot.
_ Can pump a spring
water by means of
a branch or creek
water.
Runs automatically and continuously.
Every one absolutely guaranteed.
Send for free book of information.
CHAUNCEY C. FOSTER, Na*hvWle, T— .
Confederate l/eterai).
573
THE DIRECT ROUTE TO
WASHINGTON
PHILADELPHIA
BALTIMORE
NEW YORK
and all Eastern Cities from the South
and Southwest Is via Bristol and the
NORFOLK &
WESTERN RY.
THROUGH TRAINS
Sleepers, Dining Car
The Direct Line
to Antletam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa.,
Manassas, Va. (Bull Run I, and oth-
er famous battle fields In the Shen-
andoah Valley and other seotlons
ol Virginia.
Best Route to
RICHMOND, NORFOLK
and all Virginia Points
WARREN L. ROHR. General Agent Passenger
Department, Chattanooga, Tenn.
W. C. SAUNDERS, General Passenger Agent,
Roanoke, Va.
W. B. BEVILL. Passenger Traffic Manager,
Roanoke, Va.
^
THE KU KLUX KLAN
Or Invisible Empire
BY MRS. S. E. F. ROSE
The book MBB
needed ^H
i n e \ c r y Wb
home ; con- ^H
tains authen- ^B
tic history, ^M .
splendidly il- ^M
lustrated, pho- ^M '
tographs of Gen. ^M
N. B. Forrest. V
Grand Wizard of V
the Klan, and oth- V
er prominent mem- ■
bers. Endorsed by 1
leading Historians, '
K hduca-
^m tors, and
By Confeder-
JW ate organi-
^m z a t i ons.
Sj» Price, 85 cts.,
^m postpaid. Or-
jK der a copy to-
|V day from the
VM author.
■ Mrs. S. E.F.Rose
F WEST POINT
' MISSISSIPPI
Bronze
Memorial Tablets
of the Highest Standard
Our experience of 27 years
is our guarantee of results.
Paul E. Cabaret & Co.
120-126 Eleventh Avenue
New York
HtllstrtU'tl biHtklel StMjM tt'JtH'sl.
Folio of Southern Melodies
SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS PER COPY
"I Am Going Back to Old Kentucky"
"The Courier Boy's Dream"
"Passing Down the Line"
"Love the Lover"
"The Full Dinner Pail"
'Where the Wand'ring Old Kentucky River Flows'
PROFITS SHARED WITH THE U. D. C.
This book is now complete and ready to be received into the hearts and
homes of all lovers of melody mother, sweetheart, and country
Published by
W. C. PIATT, COURIER BOY
C. L. BEACH, Manager 1021 Wells St., CHICAGO, U. S. A.
►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<
Old Confederate Vet's
Interesting- Narrative
Sixty-Seven Years of Age, Still Hale and Hearty
and Can Swing 14-Inch Plow All Day Long
Frost, Texas. — "I am an old Confederate Veteran, 67 years of age." says
Mr. Wesley French, of tins place, "and have been living and farming in
Navarro County since 1S7L'. Have raised iiuite a targe family, i am hale
and hearty, and can swing a 1-1-inch plow all day long. Haven't had fever
or chills In 44 years; in fact, 1 don't allow myself or family to ^v\ sick.
\\ e always take a few doses of Thedford's Black-Draught before we get sick.
•When T get up in the morning and have a bitter taste in my mouth, or
a dull headache, l take a dose of Black-Draught after eating a little break-
another dose at noon and another at night, and il has never failed to,
cleanse my stomach and liver, it never gripes, but makes me want to eat,
instead of making me sick. We have med Thedford's Black-Draught for
40 years (since 1S73). and feel that we couldn't get along without it.
For over 70 vears, long before the war, Thedford's Black-Draught has
been regulating irregularities of the liver, stomach and bowels, such as
constipation, biliousness, indigestion, headache, dyspepsia, bad breath, sour
stomach, etc.
Purely vegetable. Onod for young or old Twenty-live cents a package.
One cut a dose. Try It for yourself. Begin to-day.
WOODLAND BRONZE WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF
ALBERT RUSSELL AND SONS COMPANY
J5TXZ. BRONZE MEMORIAL AND Merril0c5street
Furnished Upon ASCRIPTION TABLETS Newburyport
Request nHHBaav^aaKa Mass.
574
Confederate Veteran,
Proof of What Dr. J. A. D. Hite's Treatment Does for Narcotic Addictions
BEFORE TAKING
This shows the condition of John
Henry, 1009 Lindsley Avenue, Nash-
ville, Tenn., before and after treatment
by Dr. Hite.
The first was taken on February 20,
1916, before being treated; the second
was taken on March IS, 1916, after
being cured. There are only twenty-
eight days between the two sittings.
Treatment was started on February
20, 1916; he administered the last dose
of morphine March 1, 1916, only ten
days being required to take him off.
Dr. Hite does not use the knock-out,
as John Henry ran the furnace at
Hite's Home Sanitarium every day
while being treated. He did not lie
in bed a single day. His cure is per-
fect. John Henry will answer any one
who wants to write to him.
The above statement is true. I no
doubt was one of the worst drug ad-
dicts in Nashville. Would take sixty
grains per day if I could get it; then
was not comfortable. Now I do not
crave or want morphine. I am well.
JOHN HENRY.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this 27th of March, 1916.
WILLIAM R. MADDUX,
(Seal) Notary Public.
.$, % m-m mmms
m
:^r^^^^^ft.
■ill?
SSSfiHB
AFTER TAKING
HITE'S HOME SANITARIUM, 949 and 951 RUSSELL STREET
Hours 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
DR. J. A. D. HITE, Medical Director
Phone Walnut 230
fooia AH Caaaea. Head Woiseg and Other Eat
IV— bles Easily and Permanently Relieved!
Thousands who wen
formerly deaf, now beat
distinctly every sound —
even whispers do not es-
cape them. Their life ol
loneliness has ended and
all is now joy and sun-
shine. The impaired or
lacking portions of their
ear drums have been
reinforced by simple
little devices, scientifi-
cally constructed foi
_ I that special purpose.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
aften called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"
axe restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
deafness or defective hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums.
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds
Perforated, Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drums.
Discharge from Ears, etc. No matter what the cast
or how long standing it is. testimonials received show
marvelous results. Common-Sense Drums strength
en the nerves of the ears and con-
centrate the sound waves on one
point of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
bearing where medical skill even
fails to help. They are made of
a soft, sensitized material, com-
fortable and safe to wear. They
are easily adjusted by the wearer
and out of sight when worn.
What has done so much for
thousands of others will help you.
Don't delay. Write today for
our FREE 168 page Book on Deaf.
■•as— giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
4Z1 Intar-Southsrn Blda. LOUISVILLE, KT.
in Position
Mrs. A. G. Matthews, of Peniel, Hunt
County, Tex., wants to hear from com-
of her husband, A. G. Matthews
(commonly known as "Tobe" Mat-
thews), who served in Company E, 9th
Regiment of Arkansas Infantry, east of
tlie Mississippi until near the close of
the war. He was discharged on account
of illness, but after recovering he re-
enlisted in the cavalry and served west
of the river under Captain James in
Forrest's command, she thinks. Mrs.
Matthews needs information that will
enable her to secure a pension.
OLD SOXGS.
Send to Elder J. K. Womack, Plant
City, Fla., for copies of these old songs :
"Chickamauga. Here's Your Mule,"
"Auld Lang Syne" (paraphrased).
"Battle of Franklin," "Dixie" (Whar-
ton's version), and "Old-Time Confed-
erates." Printed on cards ; single copy.
10 cents ; 30 cents for the set.
B. F. Neville, of Dalhart, Tex., has
back numbers of the Veteran from 1907
for sale and would be glad to corre-
i spond with any who wish these numbers.
Do Business by Mail
**l
It*e profitable, with accurate litis of pros-
pects. Our catalogue contains vital inforxna-
tion on Mail Advertising. Also prices and
quantity on 6,000 national mailing lists, 99%
guaranteed. Sucb as:
War Material Mfrs.
Cheese Box Mfrs.
Sboe Retailers
Contractors
Druggists
rite for this valuable reference book;
rices and samples of fac-eimile letters,
Have us write or reviseyour Sales Letters.
Ross-Gould, 1005 -V Olive St.
It i"-"
Wealthy Men
Axle Crease Mfrs.
Auto Owners
Tin Can Mfrs.
Farmers, Etc.
Cre. J
also 1 1
M
Ross-Gould
^ IMailing
St. Louis
hT f ;
Don't Wear a Truss
"Drooks' Appliance,
■^ the modern scien-
tific invention, the
wonderful new discovery
that relieves ruptuie. wllL
be sent on trial. No ob-
noxious springs or pads.
Has automatic Air Cush-
ions. Binds and draw* the
broken parts together as
you would a broken limb.
No salves. No lies, Dur-
able, cheap. Sent on trial
to prove it. Protected by
U s patents. Catalogue
and measure blanks mailed,
free Send name and ad-
dress to-day.
C. E. Brooks, 239 Slate St.. Marshall, Mich.
Confederate Veteran.
575
3G
DE
DE
DG
'11
0E
3E
DE
77? e Original
Hermitage Club Ginger Ale
C| A pure, delicious home beverage. Packed with painstak-
ing care in absolute cleanliness and perfectly sterilized.
€[J May be used in the home in many ways.
€| Keep a bottle on ice. Drink it at every meal. Offer it
to every guest.
€j] It is a grand drink for tired people.
// your dealer cannot supply you, we will send two dozen by express prepaid anywhere
on receipt of $j.oo
DIEHL & LORD, NASHVILLE, TENN.
Pill IF= II— » |f==li =gc==
S there anything more pleasing
than to receive from a friend
a greeting card on Christmas?
It speaks so clearly that the sender
*
has been thinking of you
<^6
<A (iHrrru QJIjrtstmas
A lf»:tppu iVcui IJcar
Brandon Prjntino Company
nashville
ill
DO YOU
KNOW THAT
Petl ii makes I !onfedei ate Vet-
eran Uniforms not from "stock
WE MANUFACTURE A LARGE ASSORTMENT
ARTISTIC MODERATE IN PRICE
Brandon Printing Company
Printer s — Engravers — Designers — Lithographers
your individual
mm merits,
by .Xpert TAIL-
ORS, to Jit you
like a glove t
And prices fit
yout purst
A sk for Cat-
alog 3 i i, cloth
samples s o <i
address nf
nearest South-
ern branch.
Pettlbone also makes every kind of
Confederate Flag, Bannei i . i (adg< s
and Buttons. All prices. Catalog 672.
THE PETTIBONE
BROS. MFG. CO.,
CINCINNATI, O.
Cincinnati's Great Regalia House
576
Confederate l/efceran.
Books "by President Wilson.
John Wesley's Place in History
President Wilson's fine literary style and his keen
sense of historic values are at their best in this little
book. All lovers of good literature, all who delight
in distinct and graphic character portraiture, all who
would rightly estimate and appropriately fix the work
and place of one of the great leaders of the eighteenth
century will heartily welcome and prize this book.
Price, 50 Cents Net, Postpaid
On Being Human
"Its smooth and flowing sentences bespeak the mind
in constant training for graceful utterances. Never-
theless, it speaks certain truths with such simplicity
and clarity that, whatever its date, they are as true
now as then and as characteristic of their author."
— New York Times.
Price, 50 Cents Net, Postpaid
When a Man Comes to Himself
Live by e ^thusiasm, he urges; don't be driven by
necessity. And if you fail, make failure a stepping-
stone.
Price, 50 Cents Net, Postpaid
The President of the United States
A brilliant interpretation of the Presidential office
in the light of historical evolution.
This was written by Woodrow Wilson in 1908, at
which time he had no thought that he would occupy
the great office of which he wrote. It is, therefore,
of peculiar interest to note how theory and practice
have met.
Price, 50 Cents Net, Postpaid
Brave Deeds of Confederate Soldiers
By Philip Alexander Bruce, LL.D.
Relates deeds of personal daring performed by the "Men, in Gray." It inspires to patriotism
and true courage.
Mr. Bruce has had access to some rare Confederate records and has gleaned therefrom the
material for this volume. He handles these episodes in a forceful, interesting style that is free
of sensationalism. There is no suggestion of partisanship.
Large 12mo. ClotH. Illustrated. $l.SO, Postpaid
Reminiscences
By John Massey
"It is impossible that there should be told a more charming, healthy, and straightforward
life story than is told in this book of Reminiscences. Besides, it is literature — chaste, classic,
eloquent in style, a q «wept through by gales of sentiment and sometimes by rushes of feeling
that lift the reader u. v y of euthusiastic interest.
Dr. Massey's book will be par-
ticularly valued for the manT0^ -traits which it draws of the characters whom he touched
and by whom he was touched in tii^ep J6 < of his active life — as Dr. Landon C. Garland, Dr.
Edward Wadsworth, Dr. Andrew A. Lipscomb, Dr. Thomas O. Summers, Father Abram J.
Ryan, and others." — Methodist Review.
Octavo. Buckram Binding. $2, Postpaid
SMITH & LAMAR, Agents, Nashville, Tenn.; Dallas, Tex.; Richmond, Va.
^■■H
i
',
'<(]
v
-
A.
:f
X
• '■
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11